davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Western news., 1903-10-21

from knots. solid and heavy. Inch iron
pins are driven in at each end. These
should have good head, SO that the
2x6 inch scantling, which is 21s feet
long. may be held securely in place.
10 the end of each scantling IS short
chaln about one foCt lcne 20 hitch
horses to. Spread checks on team and
go ahead. Cut the scantlne longer
ct lower edge, anu in goir:~ down hill
1T will scrape on the ground and not
run on the team.-J. w. Stevens. in
Farm and Home.
The Western news., 1903-10-21
CLEANING FRUIT FIELDS.
Work Done in Autumn Pays Graft.
flying Dividends In the Com.
ing Eruiting Season.

| In many districts it is not until spring
arrives that the work of cleaning the
field begins, and then hurry ensues
While the decayed weeds and grass COW
erlng the roots Of the plants may serve
as mulch, and partially protect against
the severity of the winter, the question
comes up as to the cost. Apparently it
is cheaper to allow the weeds to grow
and remain, if they are valued as mulch
ing material, as no labor is required in
their use, but weeds are very expensive
and very costly if the matter be viewed
from an economical standpoint. The
storing of the material for the produc-
tlon OF next years crop Of fruit goes on
IN the vines now, and the greater por-
tlon of the effort of reproduction is when
the condition of heat and moisture are
most favorable. Some plants bear fruit
before the summer comes on, but it is
during the summer that the growth of
new canes ard vines is greatest. All
the elements of growth come from the
soil and as no plant will thrive as we'll
unCer competition as without it, it is
plain that the weeds simply rob the
plants rot only Of nourishment but also
of moisture. When they die in the fall
they Go not return to the soil that
which is derived from it, as during the
process of dsoomros osttton much of the nj
troEeEous matter is Gissipated in the at
nospAere. The duty should be to cul-
tir2te between the rows Of wberries,
T3sDDarries and blackberr;-s, thinning
out the surplus plants ard either hoeing
or h7~G prili.g the weeds. If some Find
OF E...te~ covering be needed il is more
economical to use salt hay or some cheap
that can be easily applied 1t
is also best to cut back the tops of tall
,anes. If growth is 10 be made let ii be
of lateras. 1t is much bettert to cut back
early than to wait until the plant has
wasted energy in producing vines that
must be removed in the spring All the
energy saved now will be brought into
use next spring in the effort to produce
fruit, which Will then be of better quail
On. Y.) Times
The Western news., 1903-10-21

opment OF the inner leaves. Thorough
freezing is fatal, but the lowest tenn
per2}ure at which freezing will not
take place is most desirable. Not
only does this temperature hold the
plant in the desired condition of great
ly SUSPENDED activities, but it renders
next 10 impossible the growth of in
curious fungi, which would speedily
wilt and rot it. In order, then, to ap-
proach the temperature sought, the
house should be SO snugly constructed
as to rov.Ge against freezing. Again,
IT shoaid be so provided with venti-
laflns appliances that at any time ad-
vantage may be taken of any cold in
terva!s to rapidly and effectively chill
the house, after which it might be Sc
cureiy closed for a warmer period, and.
with this inclosed lower temperature
remains for time at a point more
nearly that desired-Farmers Review.
The Western news., 1903-10-21
BETTER ROADS WANTED.
frsas-AississiDDi Commercial Ceay
<Esss Fevorably Impressed b. n
Bfowalow BILL


The Trans-Mississippi Commercial
congress, which held its fourteenth an.
oua1 session at Seattle, Wash, not lone
ago. TOOK up the subject Of good roads
tor consideration for the first time. It
was noticeable fact that whatever diff
ference OF opinion there might have
oeen as to other questions under con-
slderation, there was absolute unanifn-
NY prevailing as to the good roads ques-
uon' and the necessity for a general
cooperation between the United Statea
ana the different states or civil subdil
visions thereof, to hasten their perma.
nent Improvement. The subject was
thoroughly discussed by R. w. Richard-
eon, Oh omaha. Neb.; James w. Abbott.
" NeVaoa, COL; Hon. Martin Dodge, di-
rector OF the Office of public road in
qulrles. Washington, d. c.. and manv
delegates from different states and ter.
ritories. '1N W.
Director Dodge has just returned to
MS oesk IN Washington. In an inter-
we" with a representative of the press
MI Dodge has the following to say re-
earalng the sentiment for better roads
at the ns-Mississippi congress:
Inc point was clearly made that
many OF the interior states and terri-
tories, especially in the mountain dis
trlcts, have no navigable rivers and
harbors, and that, therefore thew re-
ee4'e only remote and indirect bene-
nus 1rom the expenditure of the vast
sums or money appropriated for the i'm
proFement of rivers and harbors. and
mat 1t would be just and equitable If
'ne general government should lend its
assistance to the building and main
'ainihs certain public highways
hrough such states and territories.
Il was not contended that tha
United States government should hear
me total cost Of building such roads.
put that they should pay contributory
snare not to exceed one-half, as pro-
Vlded for in the Brownlow bill. This
was thought to be more just on ac-
count OF the fact that the burCen Of
raising the enormous revenues of the
United States government rests as much
ul,on the PEOPLE in the rural states and
clstrlcts as upon all other classes COM
bined. The revenues of the eenora, o,v
ernment approximate ten dollar per
capita per annum, whereas the rev.
ehue OF the state governments is only
ABOUT one dollar per capita. The rev.
ehues OF the general government ara
SO large and are raised in such man.
her oy indirect taxation, that there
would De neither hardship nor inequity
II the United States should bear a con-
s'oeraple portion of the costs of improv-
ing some OF the principal highways in
the various states and territories. n
would seem that the best and most eoni-
r@pie method would be to require the
= hlleo states to pay portion of the
COST the state portion, the county a
portion' and the property owners in
the vicinity of the road portion"
The Western news., 1903-10-21

common soapsuds will go far towards
keeping plants, vines and busbes fraa
ei scales and insects in general. On
washday the soapsuds may be utilized 70
'oouse' the leaves. With a common
sprayer one can wet the under sides of
the leaves thoroughly with the su6s
Nhere 1t Is possible to reach the leaves
the treatment may be easily done
Make soap lather and apply it to all
vines and bushes within reach by dip
ping them into the vessel Or take one
handful of lather and with the other
hand draw the infested leaves through
1t, so that the under sides are wet.-M,d-
land farmer.
The Western news., 1903-10-21

tensile strength Of the five-eighths-inch
rope is very much greater than the ten
sile strength of the iron rod, and it has
this advantage, that it gives and takes
the expansion and contraction of heat
and cold better, and only needs one
buckle or coupling, and it is very much
more easy to put around. The round
silo is best in one respect, and that is be-
cause it has no corners.
The picture shows a silo that any
body can build, who has the lumber
1t is economical, strong and tight.
have three Of this kind, and speak
whereof | know. One has been filed,
this is the thirteenth winter, and an
other one has been filled for nine win
ters. Anyone can build one of this sort
who can handle level and saw, or use
hammer and nails, and good thing
about them is that they can be set any
where and made to conform to the size
of the barn, if you want to put them
inside.
The picture shows clearly how the
silo is built. The foundation is below
Aioot, maui Vi olollco lUlu III CGulBII
mortar. On this is placed sills Of two
by six or two by eight. Matched pine
siding is stood up and braced by two
by eight or two by ten-inch scantltnG,
placed as shown. The corners are put
in on bevel to avoid the square cor
ner, and also to allow of braces to
strengthen the silo.
A second thickness of siding should
be put on to break joints. Do not use
paper between the boards, as it will rot
out. have silo built of single boards
of six-inch matched pine The lumber
was as dry as could get it, and put to-
gether as tight as possible, but found
after the first year that those boards
would shrink apart little, and that
many places would never get tight
again. That is the danger of the single
board silo. and also the danger of the
poorly constructed round silo.
The Western news., 1903-10-21
Good Roads and Schooy.

Good roads are absolutely essential
to the development o. good schools in
the rural districts, and both together
are necessary to the progress of civili-
zation In this country. Good roads are
scarce, partly because the need of them
s not sufficiently recognized and partly
because SO few know how to make them
even when they try, Good schools are
scarce for precisely the same reasons
When a country schoolhouse looks like
an abandoned outbuilding and has the
worst piecs CT read IN the neighborhood
leading uD To it, that district may al
ways be co"al5t red an excellent district
in which Let to buy q farm.-PranIe
Farmer.
The Western news., 1903-10-21
CHEAP PRACTICAL SILO.
Hints Given to the Connecticut Dairy.
mems Association by Edward
Van Alstyne.

The silo must be practically alright
1t must be strong and durable, and
should be constructed as economically
as possible. l believe a good silo is
the round silo, but whether the roun0
silo is going to give the satisfaction
that some think, l am not SO sure. In
the stave silo the lumber being uneven
1t may be inclined to rot out in some
places, and give more or less trouble
One thing is certain. if you build a
round silo. you must build good deal
better one than if you build a square
one.
For hoops. f1ve-eighths-inch wire rope
is very satisfactory. 1t can be bought
for the same price as the rods, but the
The Western news., 1903-10-21
G%OR FENCE LIFTERS.

thick, and Of length sufficient to reach
downward within one inch of the face,
and to within two or three inches of the
nostrils. In the lower end of this strip
are previously driven several sharp
nails, which project about one-fourth
inch. The arrangement, when proper
ly attached. allows the animal to eat
and drink with all ease. but when an at
tempt is made to hook or to throw
fence, the sharpened nails soon cause
an abrupt cessation Of that kind of mis-
Chiefs. E. Fletcher, in Farm and
Home
The Western news., 1903-10-21
Stripping Fodder Doe.n.t p..

One asks about stripping folded Tho
leaves of corn are more palatable and
digestible than the stalks. but the labor
involved in stripping and bundline
scarcely pays. There is much uutri.
ment In the stalk, and if shraadea or
cut stock will cat nearly all. We s,orld
prefer cutting and shocking cora whtla
the plant has some green in it, TIA
grain will ripen and the whole plsnt !.
thus made available The chief n,,r,
to remember In harvesting corn is to
cut at the prorer s-"gge not tco ripa nor
too green-Rural v ~
The Western news., 1903-10-21
These Figures DON'T LIE.

Kansas farmer undertook to inves-
tigate the rise in the land value Of his
neighborhood. which had followed the
building of unusually good roads. He
received replies from 40 farmers and the
average amount of the increase was
$6.4S per acre. Under the present con-
ditions of most country roads, it costs q
farmer living ten miles from the mar
ket about $3.50 to haul $25 worth pf
wheat to the market. This is ten mr.
cent. Of the total value of the grain.
which Is more than the combined corlk
lof the cutting and thraships.-Praarle
EAEmeE. 81
The Western news., 1903-10-21
whitewa.hinx Fruit rr...

The old-time method OF whitewashing
the trunks of trees is not usually credit >
ed with its full value. Farmers follow, :.
considerably, though, perhaps, mora
from a country habit than with detinite
reason before them. Prof. Nj. T. Maeonn
horticulturist for the Canadian denarr' :
ment Of agriculture adds that II is moS,
efficient composed of 80 pounds Of lime
"a gallons OF water and six gallons ,r
skimmilk. or those proportions. The
milk makes the wash stick better, giving
the lime more opportunity to exercise
it, eaustic properties.
The Western news., 1903-10-21
{f!(laalll1yi6B1glRIE
oeaa22se y
A CELLAR FOR CELERY.
improved Storage System, Recon-
mended by the Cornell (N. ~
Experiment Station.

When celery is grown In consider
able quantities it is necessary to have
q place in which to store it. 1t is also
advisable to construct the place early
in the season to make sure that it is
ready when needed. We show tive
cuts Of an improved storage for celery
that has recently been illustrated by
the Cornell Experiment station. The
The Western news., 1903-10-21
USUALLY EFFECTS CURE.
20" mon sense Device for Preventing
Cows Throwing Fences or Hook
Ing Each Other.

This is my style of a device to prevent
cattle throwing fences or hooking other
cows. 1t is made of a wooten strin
two and one-half inches " ide, and ilree e.
fourths inch thick, being attached to
the horns by screws. To this is fas-
tened. by small bolt, strip of hard
wood, three inches wide. one-half inch
The Western news., 1903-10-21
HEIGHT OF FRUIT TREES.
iehdency or Progressive Orchardists
NOW Is to Lower Heads for All
Kinds of Fruits.

There is considerable difference or
opinion among orchardists as to the
height at which fruit trees should no
headed. In the eastern states there are
many who think the trunks sbould no
TOUR to five feet, ard some of the an
pie orchards h@f - IS taller than
this. However we'll this may be for the
eastern conditions, it is not the proner
way TO tram trees anywhere in the cen
tral and western states, and in the eas
the tendency is to lower heads. The
more recently planted apple orchards
are rarely over two to three feet to
the lower branches, and the pear Or
chards from enc to two feet.
ANY one who has had experience in the
west Knows that the hot suns and AL
most constant summer winds worl,
haVoc IN orchards that are headed HIGH
The flat-headed apple tree borer works
In the trunks and large branches that
are exposed to the sun. | have seen
apple trees in northern Texas that
were badly attacked by this insect al
most ten feet from the ground In
Kansas and Missouri it is not so abun-
oaht ana destructive, but nearly all the
apple trees with TALL bare trunks have
borers on them
Iall heads give the wind greater
power over the roots, which strains
them unduly, often causing the trees to
incline to the northeast or fall to tho
srouncs. Tie fruit is much harder T.,
gather from tall heade d trees than from
those with low heads.
FSpraying is much more easily done
on low-headed trees. and the same is
true OF pruning. There does not seem
to be any good reason for heading fruit
trees high, e-cept that they are trouble
some to G. 1ate when the branches
are very &C to the ground. This
can oe a. overcome by using tools
that are TO meet these rao,,;,o
ments.-- nd Farmer.
The Western news., 1903-10-21
CRATES FOR VEGETABLES.
They Are Easily Made and II Well
Taken Care OF " i'll Last fora
Number of Years.

Slated Crates for handling vegetables
and other farm products are very con-
venient and economical. They are in
use by only few farmers, and those
who have them speak very highly of
them. In hnskinH corn they will al
most pay for themselves in one season.
One hundred are none too many for a
The Western news., 1903-10-21
AN IMPROvISED ROLLER.
Plan OF One Which Has Been Used
with Considerable Satisfaction
by Its Designer.

II one cannot afford, or it is not con-
venient to buy roller. here is a plan
OF one, which I have made and used
with much satisfaction. l have found
1t to do satisfactory work in mashine
clods, rolling young corn land, ETC. l
take round log which is smooth. free
The Western news., 1903-10-21

Less W I + required when the ration
consists largely OF cor centrated feeds
than when !aiga amounts of coarse fed
der are coas0-nca. OF course whe1
green, snceuie1I feeds are given the
nmo"nt Of ~@s needed is comparative
y small aaz5lS consume from s5 to g.
pounes q 'Seter a day. depending upou
the amount q !abor they perform. At
the G=tate7.e slsJion a psir CT mules
tGI, ., WesiEer drank ESQ pounus
III oae GAY ESQ iced a. that time coz
sisted @ sera, ordinary field corn.
oats anu brah.--Crange Judd Farmer.
The Western news., 1903-10-21
" Points on Plant Breedt,-

e1anG-rl -.-----lon has a very limited
6eld OF usefulness, as it is difficult to do
q large volume of work. When two va
rtettes OF apples are to be crossed, one
tree can have some Of its branches top
worked, after which natural forces will
do the work Of pollinating In crossing
different plants it has been found that
the true h. brids do not appear till about
the third generation. It is therefore, a
mistake not to SOW the seeds from the
drst paintings Scions for scion-or-
chards Should be selected from bearing
tree6.-Li -, Farmer.
The Western news., 1903-10-21
A STONE FENCE POST.
"here permanent Improvement In
Desired 1t Might BE Well to
Give 1t a Trial.

The idea is worth trying. A stone
fencepost will not rot. On ground
alternately wet and dry, wooden posts
Go not last long. Make an open box
for mold. of the shape and size de-
The Western news., 1903-10-21
THE MOULD AND THE WALL:

sired for the posts. Bore holes in the
bottom where holes are desired in tha
posts. Insert long wooden pins, as
shown. Make the sides and ends of
the mold slightly faring, that the post
may be gently turned out. After the
box has been filled and the cement has
set" the pins can be pulled out, leav-
ing the holes in the post, through which
fence wire car be passed to bind the
boards or stakes. as shown Dry grad
ually, out OF the sun, to prevent crack
ing.-Farm Journal.
, 1903-01-22
THE MlNUET.

Grandma told me about it,
Told me SO | couldn't doubt it,
How she danced-my grandma
danced
Long ago.
How she held her pretty head,
How her dainty skirt she spread,
How she turned her little toes
Smiling little human rose!-
Long ago.
Dimpled cheeks, too-ah, how funny!
Really quite a pretty girl.
Long ago.
Bless her! why, she wears a cap,
Grandma does. and lakes a nap
Every single day; and yet
Grandma danced the minuet,
Long ago.
Now she sits there, rocking, rocking,
Always knitting grandpa's stocking
Every girl was taught to knit
Long ago..
Yet her figure is so neat,
And her way so staid and sweet.
l car almost see her now
Bending to her partners bow,
Long ago.
Grandma says our modern jumping,
Hopping. rushing, whirling. humping,
Would have shocked the gentlefolk
Long ago.
Motley moved with stately grace.
Everything in proper place,
Gliding slowly forward, then
Slowly courtesying back again,
Long ago.
Modern ways are quite alarming,
Grandma says; but boys were charm
ing
Girls and boys, | mean. of course
Long ago.
Bravely modest, grandly shy
What if all of us should try
Just to feel like those who met
In the graceful minuet,
Long ago!
with the rinuet in fashion.
VINO could Try into a passion?
All would Wear the calm they wore
Long ago.
In time to come. ifk perchance.
Should tell my aGndChild of our
dance,
| should really like toS
We did it, dear, in some Sch wav
Long ago"
Mary Mapes Dodge
, 1903-01-22

drawn UP by Lyman Abbott when he
entered the ministry. However, |
burned all my ermon years ago. and
say today that | cannot doubt thai
the change from the old to the new
method of thinking in religion is i'm
portant, radical and revolutionary.
"A typical departure is the renuncia,
ton of what. with too little reverence,
a once called the carpenter theory
Of Gods creation of the world. 1t was
the belief of the old religion thai the
earth was turned ri as in a lathe and
later embossed with mountains and
decked with vcrdurc. It was the
thought that God worked upon the
earth from without. The newer think
ing conccives the Deity working from
within.
AS the soul makes your body and
controls it through hfc, SO God made
the world and controls it from within.
There is no riot OF lorccs-the world
Is not like an engine which God starts
and stops at will, | say that God is
in all flowers and birds and clouds,
and that is not panthcism. either.
Panthcism believes that God is the
sum of all phenomena. which is entire
ly different from tn" belief that God is
in all phenomena.
THE Bible is not = book in which
-
, 1903-01-22
HOME n FASHIONS
TOPICS BELONGING TO THE
WORLD OF FEMINlNiTY.
Costume Consisting of Dark Blue Coat
and Skirt Appropriate for the Win
ter-Househoid Hints Of Value-The
Latest Paris Hints.


As If to emulate the bizarre effects
of the pottery art, zibeline. the sea
sons favoriic fabric is appearing
with metallic luster. The long hairs
OF the malurIal-thcy get longer and
silkicr daily, by tle way-Catch the
yellow. red. green and steel effects in
a wonderful manne and brighten up
the dun ground of the stuff. Among
new MIXED materials are many in
chine effects. such as dull purple, dull
red. faint green and steel gray. A
particularly charming kind is known
as pistachio cloth, hccause its black
ground is spotted with little irregular
patches OF ~p;stachio green. n the
result resembles closely a cake in
which the nut is mixed.
New arrivals of dress fabrics COM
plaids. the former il subdued color
ings. Cloths like those used for mems
suits are also in high favor for street
gowns. They are eminently practical,
since neither wind nor weather can
penetrate their closely woven sur
faces.
Bracelets will be much worn this
winter, say the prophets, especially
with evening gowns, and old-fash-
Toned jewel sorts that have long lain
idle in the depths of jewel cases may
be resurrected. The slender bangles
and chain bracelets may now take
their turn at solitude. Watches are
daintier thar ever.
, 1903-01-22
Use Of Floral DESIGNS.

Some of the largest and most strik
ing effects are in the carefully consid
cred use of enormous floral designs.
either into the fabric of the silk
or appliQued in lace or embroidery OF
color contrasting with that of tho
gown. While dealing with the subject
of these elaborate costumes it may be
well to mention the new veil hat
which is a ve-y effective addition to
some toilets. 1t must be handled
with care" however, as it is rather too
striking to be recklessly worm. 1t con
sists of a large hat made in some
cases of those wonderful swirls o.
chiffon. which only milliners know
how to produce, and Il very wide gauzy
veil with an embroidered edge draped
about it to stay. 1t is sewed on, in
other words, and falls down about the
neck and shoulders. Its delicacy is in
inverse proportion to it's size.
, 1903-01-22
THE BILL.

At a meeting held at Alliance. Neb.,
Monday night, the stockmen of west
ern Nebraska denounced the new land
leasing bill. They said the bill was
not definite enough, and that it should
allow at least thirty instead of twenty
sections. They ask for a lease for a
certain term Of years without restric,
lions and better protection against
homesteaders.
At a meeting of the Thomas County
(Neb.) Stockmen's association at
Thedford resolutions we're unanimous
ly adopted %condemning any and all
land leasing bills.
The resolutions say that if the bill
now pending in congress is passed it
virtually will destroy the rights of the
homesteader, making his tenure inse,
cure and leaving him unprotected
from the herds that are roaming at
large on leased lands surrounding him.
, 1903-01-22
Pale Rose Taffeta Coat with Yellow
Lace Medallion.
A Reception Gown.

A beautiful carriage or reception
gown is of thick white cloth. made
with three fiat shoulder capes caught
down on either shoulder with wide
mitred straps. adorned with narrow
orange and white silk braid, from
which depended coarse knotted tas-
sells of white cord. The bodice was
pouched on either side Of a smart lit
tie lace vest, the yoke Of which was
decorated with bars Of flaming or.
ange velvet, which made a lovely
touch of color, and the skirt had .
plain front panel with a deep box.
rleated kilt at the bottom graduating
In a point behind. A good deal Of
hemstitching is also employed
on the white gowns, the eslge of the
boloro being constantly treated in
fashion. while the skirt is often
by a double row OF hem
stitching.