davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Big Sandy news. [volume] (Louisa, Ky.) 1885-1929, 1903-01-02
GRAYSON.

Through the generosity OF some
kind friend or foresight Of the ed
itor, / receive promptly the BIG
SANDY NEWS, which | prize very
highly. Friend or foe, send 1t on,
and | will see that it is paid for.
lam always pleased to see items
of those who were my dear friends
in days past and gone. Departed
but not forgotten,
i am glad to note the continued
progress OF my old county and
birthplace. Changes have been
wrought, tits true, but none can eff
face the love OF my native land.
/ predict for Louisa grand future,
situated as 1t is at the confluence
OF Tug with the Levisa, both
streams Astounding in great wealth
with a dam just below which fur
nishes protection for the thousands
OF logs annually drifted from the
sources OF the two rivers. Why
shouldn't Louisa be great town?
Show to operators the advantages
you possess and you will have To-
Gated in your midst foundries,
factories and furnaces. Why not?
You have the ore, the timber, the
coal lands and water.
One Improvement especially ]
wish 10 call the attention OF Louisa
to and that is public bridge span
ming the Levisa fork at Murray's
landing. II you will do that it
will be an incentive for Cassville
to span tug, and thereby create a
moro intimate intercourse between
the two towns.
was sorry indeed 10 note the
loss OF the old Hackworth building
but you will see that his loss Will
be Louisa's gain. Although up in
years he will leave landmark be-
hind him that all may well be
proud Of.
For fear you might think i am
neglecting my own county, Pr just
"remark a few remarks" about
Carter. We possess one OF the best
mountain farming localities in
Eastern Kentucky. Tobacco Is
one Of the principal products
Many thousand dollars come to Ut
annually from that source alone
Our enterprising townsman, John
Salisbury, handled $4,000 worth
year before last. He is only one
Of several such men, Then We
have four friedrich works which
are OF themselves no small affai 8
Our county Is the possessor of
railroads-two branch roads, and
still there is room for more, which
we hope will not be long in coming
/ was about to forget to say We
also have some small pox which
the local physicians think can soon
be brought under control.
With wish fora Happy New
Year for all my friends | am,
Respectfully yours,
G. B. ORoARK, NJ. d
The Big Sandy news. [volume] (Louisa, Ky.) 1885-1929, 1903-01-02
MOUTH IVY.

The handsome residence Of Dick
Hatcher at this place, is nearing
completion.
Ben Hoag Burchett was seen
here yesterday and said that
Christmas only comes once a year.
Henry Setser has sold all his
hay, between $500 and 5000 worth,
to NJ, O. Hankins, the railroad con-
tractor.
Miss Lydia sester received a
nice Xmas present.
Tom Martin was seen in our
nelghborhood Yesterday.
Buck Auxler is doing a good
business here with his saw mill.
There will be another nice build
ing erected here opposite Ivy
creek by Henry Sester. Billy,
The Big Sandy news. [volume] (Louisa, Ky.) 1885-1929, 1903-01-02
WAKEFIELD.

War1eld Is still on boom.
Business and circulation OF
money on the increase.
Plenty OF work along the rail
road for all who want work.
Most OF the contractors are tun-
melting night and day and their
steam drills, and steam shovels,
air drills, time whistles aud Inn
mense blasts. combined with the
whistles of river steamers and the
passing OF rats and push boats
intend to make us forget the leth'
argy OF the past twenty years-A
Rip Van Wrinkle sleep indeed.
Quite a number Of RATS passed
down the river last week. Doc
Vlnton sent 500 logs.from Warfeld
TO tho Ironton Lumber Co.
Continuous disturbances across
tho river at the "grogerIes" among
the fighting element.
Mrs. j. d. Barrett Is convalesc-
ing from a serious attack Of pneu-
monia.
Mrs. Crisp is stlll quite low
With dropsy at her nome here.
Ben Mollett, the man assaulted
by Floyd Bownn between here and
Stone Coal Is stu alive, to the sur.
prise OF all.
Quite a number Of sore heads In
the camps across the river, a
natural sequence Of pay day and
booze. ita,
-Four feet Of water In The river.
-. Dr.
The Big Sandy news. [volume] (Louisa, Ky.) 1885-1929, 1903-01-02
vEsstE

Mr.. and Mrs. John holbrojk, OF
Hicksville, are visiting at Mr..
Thcrnsberry's.
j. II, Woods lost very fine sad
die horse last week.
William Howell lost one of his
fine mules last week. He had been
offered $3.50 for him.
Roscoe Shortridge has pneumo-
mia and has been very sick, but is
reported to be cOnvalesclng.
Mrl. Lizzie Cunni CHAN is still
confined to her room with rheuma
tlsm.
Mrs. Ed Queen, after long i'll.
ness, is able to be out again.
Allen Elkins, a Boyd county
product, passed through here a
few days ago with his jugs which
reminds US Of approaching Christ
mas.
"Grauuy" Howell and Mrs. Kit
tie Jordan and Master Adlai visit
ed friends on Little East Fork sun
day,
Bias Shortridge says "of all the
flowers that bloom the Violalet is
his favorite."
Martin Defoe will crop with V.
B. Shoriridge this year.
Messrs. Walter Miller and How
ard Barrett have Ed Queens new
house completed. 1t is a fine piece
of carpentry and adds to the beau
ty as well as to the comfort Of the
place.
Master Author Coffee is visiting
his brothers, Donnie and Edford.
Joe Day, a member of the Silver
Side Milling Co, has his new houst
com pleted and is happily domi
ciled therein.
Tom Miller and Jake Smith are
buying large amount of corr
which they will feed to hogs.
Austin Howell and wife visited
at Tivis Bush's Sunday.
Rev. Isaac Fannin preached a
Trinity Saturday and Sunday. H.
is a very earnest worker for tn
cause OF Christ. Oliver
The Big Sandy news. [volume] (Louisa, Ky.) 1885-1929, 1903-01-02
PEACH ORCHARD.

The Christmas trees and enter
tainment here were great success,
They had two large trees laden
with nice presents. The school
house was crowded 10 its utmost,
and everyone seemed to enjoy the
entire proceedings. AT the close
of the rehearsal by the children
Santa Claus entered the house amid
much cheering and laughter. He
walked up the aisle looking to be
right straight from the north pole
stopped upon the stage and made
II short speech to the children, all
the while looking so Santa-like
that l am sure many Of the little
ones didn't recognize i4 him our
neighbor c. c. Rose.
We see our old ~tri6nd NJ, D..
Vanhoose back from North Jelli.
co.
Charley Jones and wife, Mrs. w
j. Rumble and Walter Jones,all oil
lrontOn, Ohio, are visiting O. p
Chatfield and family. Charley and
Walter Jones are Mrs. Chatfleld's
brothers aud Mrs. Rumble is sis.
ter.
Miss Mae Workman, OF Ashland
is visiting Mrs. John l., Hubbard,
"Chum" Vaughan is visiting his
relatives here.
We wish the News a happy and
prosperous year. j. b. b
The Big Sandy news. [volume] (Louisa, Ky.) 1885-1929, 1903-01-02
BUCHANAN.
Christmas tree at this place was

Christmas tree at this place was
a success.
Work GU the new railroad across
the river has begun again after a
vacation OF two weeks.
Mrs. Francis Hogan, Lou Hutch
ison and son George,or CAtletts-
burg, spent Christmas with Mr..
and Mrs. j. Il. Compton.
Dan Kinner aud Miss Maria
Fletcher were married at the home
ofthe bride on the 23rd inst.
Miss Blanche Mike spent Xmas
with Miss Eva Chapmau,o of Louisa
Mrs. George Williamson and lit
tie daughter Lizzie, spent Xmas
with friends at Catlettsburg.
Llss Compton will leave here
Monday for Columbus TO accept u
position on the railroad.
Rev. Ball is holding a protracted
meeting here.
Surveyors passed through here
last week surveying for the new
pipe line.
s. T. Dean, our Zelda coal mer-
chant, was In town Monday on
business.
Earnest Ball, OF this place, who
has been attending College at
Barbourvlllo, Is home on holiday
vacation.
Misses Lizzie llatten and Laura
Compton left Saturday TO visit
Mrs. Dan Gardway, at Parkers.
burg, W. Va. Branch Water.
The Big Sandy news. [volume] (Louisa, Ky.) 1885-1929, 1903-01-02

city Maiden lin the country
--Graclonsl How savagely that
COW looks at me.
Hiram Hayrlck-1haps because
OF yer red parasol.
City Maidcn-Well,I knew It was
a little ont u fashion, but | didn't
suppose country COW would notice
Il.
The Big Sandy news. [volume] (Louisa, Ky.) 1885-1929, 1903-01-02
ENAMoRED OF ACTRESS.
Prince of Slam Wanted 10 Wed Pretty
MaybelIe Gilman, In
England.

According to the yeracious press
agent of the Bijou theater, New
York, what is claimed to be the
life romance of the young crown
prince of Siam has just been
brought to light. 1t appears that
while in England he became in
fatuated with woman of comic
opera fame, Maybelle Gilman. He
wanted TO marry her but was forced
to go to Russia. He ran away from
the Siamese legation there, it is said,
and returned to meet her in London
After imprisonment and other exer-
tion of royal authority over him he
finally abandoned the idea, but she
is said to have been partly the cause
Of his recent visit to America. On
his departure from New York he as
sured Miss Gilman that he would
come back to see her again some day.
On the opening night of The Mock
ing Bird" he sent beautiful basket
of flowers with live hooking bird
hidden in it,
In proof of the story which Miss
Gilman tells, she has small trunk.
full of letters from the prince, nu-
merous autograph pictures, presents
and even the manuscripts OF three
plays which he wrote for her use on
the stage. She gave out some of the
letters and several poems she says
the prince wrote to her.
The Big Sandy news. [volume] (Louisa, Ky.) 1885-1929, 1903-01-02

Out in Kansas a new issue has pro-
1ected itself on the public. A new
head OF the state university just ar
rived from the east has tried to make
the professors wear caps and gowns
during class work, with the result of
evoking SCOTS from students and con-
demnatory resolutions from politi-
clans. Eastern contemporaries are
commenting on the narrowness of
fighting against caps and gowns, but a
word or two might also be said on the
narrowness of fighting to introduce
them where they are not wanted.
The Big Sandy news. [volume] (Louisa, Ky.) 1885-1929, 1903-01-02
oLENwooD.

Our SUNDAY School is progress.
lug nicely with !. y. Webb as
supi,
Rev, D. Wood was in Ashland
this week.
Il. X. Webb WAS in Willard re-
Gently trudlng with his brothers.
Clarence Justice was In Ashland
this week
Marion Wilson, OF Carter county,
has moved hero into the house va
catod By Willie Ratcliir. Marion
is II good man and we arc glad to
have him.
Willie and Hattie Cooksey Wis
lied relatives at Fallsburg last
week.
j. w. Queen has rented his rye
field farm to Howard Barrett, who
will move there In the near future.
Born,to llarmlo Gaines and wife,
girl.
Mrs Dove Webb visited Mt Yves.
Icy Webb's Sunday.
The little daughter OF l.. d. Webb
who has been confined TO her room
for some time with rheumatism, h
bettor.
Grover Webb, OF oliovillc. was
here last week.
Isaac Cunningham, ono OF the
loadIng teachers OF this part Of the
state, closed one OF Tho most sue.
co.sful terms Of school that was
ever taught hero, Simple JACK.
The Big Sandy news. [volume] (Louisa, Ky.) 1885-1929, 1903-01-02
Consumption

Salt pork is a famous old.
fashioned remedy for con-
sumption, EAT plenty of
pork" was the advice to the
con8umptive 50 and 100
years ago.
Salt pork is good if a man
can stomach it. The idea
behind it is that fat is the
food the consumptive needs
most.
observation-disclosures
ern method of feeding fat to
the conSumptive. Pork is too
rough for sensitive Stomachs.
SCOTS Emulsion is the most
refined of fats, especially
prepared for easy digestion.
Feeding him fat in this
way, which is often the only
way, is half the battle, but
SCOTS Emulsion does more
than that. There is some
thing about the combination
Of cod liver oil and hypophos-
phlteS in SCOTS Emulsion
that puts new life into the
weak parts and has a special
action on the diseased lungs.
The Big Sandy news. [volume] (Louisa, Ky.) 1885-1929, 1903-01-02

Situated in Lawrence county,
state OF Kentucky, 7 miles below
Louisa, aud one milo from Catalpa
station, and Il miles from the
mouth OF Big Blaine. 1t consists
OF go acres; 8 acres Of timberod
land +; cottage house; school house
on land; undeyeloped coal vein,
which is 4 feet thick II or 10 acres
sowed In grass last spring. Write
to Big SANDY News for inlorma.
ton. Price 1865.
The Big Sandy news. [volume] (Louisa, Ky.) 1885-1929, 1903-01-02
Miners W anted.

70 miners wanted at Torchlipht,
Ky. Steady employment Apply
to John Wallace, formerly supt.
Peach Orchard mines, now In
charge OF TorchlIght mines.
We pay rs cents per ton for min
Ing lump coal.
Torchllghi Coal Co.,Loulsa, Ky
The Big Sandy news. [volume] (Louisa, Ky.) 1885-1929, 1903-01-02
CoIlapSible
Poultry Coop.

Patented coop for shipping poul.
try Strong and durable. When
empty the coop is collepslblc SO
that 1t may be made to occupy on.
ly one-nfth to ono-tenth the space
70 does when in use, making the
return shipping aud handling
much more economical ana conve.
nlenl' Every merchant should
have supply Of these patent
coops. Apply to l.. D. Boggs, Lou.
lisa, Ky,
The Big Sandy news. [volume] (Louisa, Ky.) 1885-1929, 1903-01-02

The Pope has ordered the Arch
bishop OF Manila to excommunl-
cate all persons who endeavor to
promote a national church in tho
Philippines.
The Big Sandy news. [volume] (Louisa, Ky.) 1885-1929, 1903-01-02
The seoreto OF Long Lie

Consist, In keeping all the main or
ganS Of the body in healthy, regular az
lion, aid in quickly destroying deadly
disease germs. Electric B!tters regulate
stomach, Liver am Kidneys, parity th-
blood, aud give a splendid afp,tlte.
They work wonders in curiag kidney
Troubles, Female rompl iints, Nervous
Diseases, Con. ii alton, Dyspepsia, and
Malaria. Vigorous health u i strength
always follow their use. Only SOC ,guat.
ante ID BY A. NJ fIughe. druggist.
The Big Sandy news. [volume] (Louisa, Ky.) 1885-1929, 1903-01-02

1t is believed the freeza in North
crn Florida caused no serious dam
age to orange trees, owing to the
fact that fires were kept up In the
grove.
The Big Sandy news. [volume] (Louisa, Ky.) 1885-1929, 1903-01-02
History of Big Sandy Valley

The BIG SANDY NEWS has a few
copies Of Ely's History of The Big
Sandy Valley still on hands ard
Will close them out at one dollar
each. The original price was S2.2j.
Most Of those We have are very
slightly discolorod on the cover ~
dampnoss.
The Big Sandy news. [volume] (Louisa, Ky.) 1885-1929, 1903-01-02
Small Farm Wanted

30 to 40 acres, with cottage and
orchard. Not less than 3 acres
bottom. Withln2 or 3 miles OF
railroad or river Apply TO BIG
SANDY NEWS.
The Big Sandy news. [volume] (Louisa, Ky.) 1885-1929, 1903-01-02

A man who fought at the battle of
Waterloo has just died in Pennsyl-
yania. This seems to rob the world
of a chance to have another book ON
Napoleon, says the Chicago Record
Herald
The Big Sandy news. [volume] (Louisa, Ky.) 1885-1929, 1903-01-02
Hog. After turkey Ment.

A Kansas City firm is trying to cor
ner the turkeys. Some of these cor
ners, says the Chicago Record Herald,
are 20 mean that they want TO gobblS
everything.
The Big Sandy news. [volume] (Louisa, Ky.) 1885-1929, 1903-01-02

Two or three me ssages daily are
being sent to Europe over Marconi's
wireless telegraph instruments
with increasing facility.
The Big Sandy news. [volume] (Louisa, Ky.) 1885-1929, 1903-01-02
BuGGlES AND HARNESS.

II you want qualities and prices
that you can depend upon, buy
your buggles, wagons and harness
from Snyder Bros.
The Big Sandy news. [volume] (Louisa, Ky.) 1885-1929, 1903-01-02

and cures female weakness. II MAKES
weak women strong and sick women
we'll ...,r n,
Pierce and his medicines, says MIs Mary IN
way. Of Appleton, Lawrence Co; lenn Ma l
,ronbled With female disease the back o. my
hSad hun me 50 could not lie ~ bed ana l
,,nsid have 10 Sit up and then would have
suci, pains from my waist down could scereely
ssise IN. NV feet and hands would ieei allnosl
i've ice Since taking Dr. Plerces fayorls
prostitution can sleep well all night Nou,i
hardly drag around before l took your iheGl'
cine and now can dc my housewotk ana help
nv husband in the field, Words cannot express
the thanks owe to Dr. Pierce
Weak and sick women are invited TO
consult DR.. Fierce, by letter, i,ee All
correspondence is held as strictly private
and sacredly confidential Address DR.,
r v. Pierce, Buffalo, n. y.
DR.. Pierce's Common Sense Medical
adviser, containing more than thou
sand large pages, is sent free on receipt
Of stamps to pay expense of mailing
only. Send Il one-cent stamps for the
clotL.bound volume, or only 81 stamps
for the book in paper covers. Address
DR.. R. v. Pierce, Buffalo, n. y.
The Big Sandy news. [volume] (Louisa, Ky.) 1885-1929, 1903-01-02
Wanted.

200 white oak pllIng 20 feet long.
Inches at tip. Delivered 1t any
siding az tho Big sandy Division.
a JAY II. Nonruup.
The Big Sandy news. [volume] (Louisa, Ky.) 1885-1929, 1903-01-02

$40 acres, one mile from Curnutte
station, 8 miles below Louisa. Ad.
joins Buchanan farm. 200 acres
cleared, go acres in grass; az Ia
good condition. , dwellings. 3
barns, good oulbuildings, good
fencing, plenty Of rail and board
timber, good coal vein, some fruit,
OF most all kinds, ! pair stock
scales, plenty Of good water, coun.
try road through the farm. Land
nice and smooth, not an acre that
canno, he cultivoted. For further
particulars apply 10 Bio SANDY
NEWS, Louisa, or II. II. Curnuttc,
Kinner, Ky.
The Big Sandy news. [volume] (Louisa, Ky.) 1885-1929, 1903-01-02
Eugene
Fields
Views on Ambition and Dys-
pepsia.

Dyspepsia" wrote Eugene Field,
'often lncapacitates man for endoavor
and sometimes extinguishes tho FIRE OF
ambition" Though great despite his
complaint Fold suffered from indiges-
ton all his life. A weak, tired stomach
can't digest your food. II needs
rest. You can only rest II by the use
OF q preparation like Kodol, which re-
lieves II OF work by digestlng your food.
Rest soon restores II " It's normal tons,
strengthening,
Satisfying,
EivIDoratInD.
Prepared only by y. Q. DEwiTr6 90, chicago
the ST. botIle contains ~ times The boc, hlIe
The Big Sandy news. [volume] (Louisa, Ky.) 1885-1929, 1903-01-02

FARM FOR Substituted In
Lawrence county, Ky 0 miles
west OF Lonisa, and l6 miles from
Webbville, on the waters OF Nor.
gan creek, containing 100 acres,
IS acres in cultivation, and all M
der goou fence, Has three good
dwelling houses, one containing
five rooms. One large roomy barn.
One stone warm house, size l0xl2;
one well and several good springs,
aifcrding plenty Of water the year
round for stock; two fine orchards,
one apple orchard and one peach
orchard, bearing every year, and
another young peach orchard. The
land is very fertile aud is known
as being fine land for grass. Price
$3.50. For particulars apply to NJ
f. Conley.
The Big Sandy news. [volume] (Louisa, Ky.) 1885-1929, 1903-01-02

4 miles east OF huui.a, on the
waters OF Deephole branch aud biz
Blaine, containing 800 acres. $50
acres in cultivation, mostly in
grass. so acres Of timber land.
Good two story house Of eight
rooms; two wells In the yard !;
good garden good app.e and peach
orchard good barn and out-bulld-
ings. Store house aud good loca.
tlon for country store. Farm VOL
watered and adopted to stock rails
ing; one tenement house aud barn
on farm.
The Big Sandy news. [volume] (Louisa, Ky.) 1885-1929, 1903-01-02
6 MA,,..>,

THIS aifnaiuro % on every box Of Tho ,o.,,..
Laxative BrOmo.Quininc r sI'
mo remedy tia, enrcs n cold IN ono snv
The Big Sandy news. [volume] (Louisa, Ky.) 1885-1929, 1903-01-02
OversWork Weakens
Your Kidneys.
Unhealthy kidneys Make Impure Blood.

All the blood In your body passes through
your kidneys once every three minutes.
The Big Sandy news. [volume] (Louisa, Ky.) 1885-1929, 1903-01-02
Apply to Bic SANDY NEws

a tract Of land containing lj4
acres; 30 acres Of which is bottom,
40 acres timber land. An under
fence. Plenty Of water Good
house aud outbnildings. Twogood
wells. Two orchards OF bearing
trees. For terms consult NJ. +.
CoSrEY.
The Big Sandy news. [volume] (Louisa, Ky.) 1885-1929, 1903-01-02
Farms for Sale.


Situated in the county of Law
renee and state OF Kentucky, Ii
miles west Of Louisa, and 6 miles
east of Wcbbville, on the waters OF
the Middle fork ofCatt fork. Con-
tanning l5l acres.
l20 acres under cultivation, aud
all under good fence. Has two
good dwelling houses, one coutain-
ing five rooms; one large roomy
barn as good as new. Gao stone
warm house, slze l6xl6 fl; one well
and several good springs, atTordlng
plenty Of water the year round Tor
stock; two fine orchards, one apple
orchard and one poach orchard,
bearing every year, and another
young apple orchard coming on,
Farm is known as tho Rich Knob
farm, is rich land, aud known MS
being hue land for grass.
Title good, can make general
warrantee deed for The land,
Price $1,000.
Ninety acres good farming land
good house, just built; good well
good orchard good small crib
good graueryi wen watered by
springs and a small branch. Coal
bank on land, and most all Kinds
OF fruit, All cleared but four tim.
Der patches. Situated three miles
from railroad, on Blaine, three
miles from mouth in a good neigh.
borhood with good schools and
churches. Terms cash.
Write to Big Sandy News for in.
formation.
The Big Sandy news. [volume] (Louisa, Ky.) 1885-1929, 1903-01-02

The kidneys are your
blood purifiers, they fiji
ter out the waste or
impurities in the blood.
II they are sick or out
Of order. they fail to do
their work.
Pains, achesandrheu-
maiism come from ex-
cess Of uric acid in the
blood, due to neglected
The Big Sandy news. [volume] (Louisa, Ky.) 1885-1929, 1903-01-02


Kidney trouble causes quick or unsteady
heart beats, and makes one feel as though
they had heart trouble, because the heart is
over-working in pumping thick, kidney
poisoned blood through veins and arteries.
II used to be considered that only urinary
troubles were TO be traced to the kidneys
out now modern science proves that nearly
all constitutional diseases have their begin
ming in kidney trouble.
ltyou are sick you can make nc mistake
BY first doctcring your kidneys. The mild
and the extraordinary effect Of Or. Kilmer' s
Swamp-Root, the grea, kidney remedy is
soon realized. II stands the highest for Its
wonderful cures of the most distressing cases
and is sold on It's merits EyF
by all druggists in fifty AsHFrfk1f as,,ss$=s
cent and dollar siz- i,t,s,',,
IS. You may have VIZ. + ~ e
sample bottle by mail Home Of swampRoot
free, also pamphlet telling you how to find
out II you have kidney or bladder trouble.
Mention this paper when writing Dr.. kilmer
& Co., Binghamton. N. Y.
Don't make any mistake, but remem
Der the name, Swamp Root DR.. Kill
mer's Swamp Root and the address
Bmgamton, n. " ON every bottle,
The Big Sandy news. [volume] (Louisa, Ky.) 1885-1929, 1903-01-02

Two farms adjoining, with creek
running between, one 100 acres, the
other POI. Each las dwelling, barn,
well, good orchard and plenty OF
grass. Prices 1925 aud $1,000 re-
spectlvely.
10 acres, fairly we'll timbered,
100 acres clear, All can be culti-
waited. Good water orchard, two
dwellings, good barn and outbulld-
ings. Near Busseyyille, Lawrence
county, good school, church, mill
and stores close by, and on main
road TO Louisa,
100 acres, 70 clear, balance tim.
bercd, at Winitred, Johnson coun.
ty, one mile from Lawrence line,
new cottage, barn, orchard, out
buildings.
-. ~. - -.