davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1903-03-11
] Gorman lIads chairma :.

Washlddn gton, March THE demo
cratic senatorial caucus has orgalnaiiz,e. lied
By electing Senat tor Gorman to his
] old position as the chairman Of TIL;
caucus &c This : : permanent place. 8
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1903-03-11
New Monitor.

Portsmouth, n. H., March The
new United States monitor. Nevada
has been placed in commission at
the navy yard here. Commander 7.
3. Howard took charge OF the new
ship. 5. z.#$ i. 8
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1903-03-11

: Paris, March "A dispatch from
Tangier, Narocco, received Friday
evening, says: "A courier who has
just arrived from Fee announces the
capture Of the pretender.'' 0
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1903-03-11
Sesaion Enda...

Boise Idaho, March Ihe Idaho
legislature adjourned few minutes
before midnight Saturday night
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1903-03-11
Ellxlble.. y Tor Re =, Il, !,

"ersailles, KY, March Judge
ded that Gov. Beckham IL
as governor
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1903-03-11
~1>4, Mills Burned.

T. h1l11b BUrned. = :.
-ch 9.-The Capt.
Quilted By
nck.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1903-01-30
THE MULE AS A CLOCK.

From the New Orleans Democrat.
 'The plantation mule has curious and interesting way of calling out the time of day." said a man from Mississippi, "and with men who have spent any con- siderable length of time on a big planta- tion in any section of this country south of Mason and Dixon's line I suppose the observation is very common. Mules are wonderfully sagac us and quick-witted in some respects. They are particularly apt in learning things which have to do with bodily comfort, such things. for in- stance, as relate to feed time, watering time, etc. But the particular thing I had in mind was the habit of mules along about turning in time at the noon hour and in the evening. They have way of telling the time, and when more than one mule Is to be found in the field they have a way of calling out to each other. They bray at each other. One curious fact In connection with the habit Is that they are never behind time with their praying At the noon hour they never wait until the time comes for the dinner horn to SOuHu. Iney cdll out 10 eacn other, ana In short while you will be certain to hear the horn blow. As a rule they are only a few minutes ahead of the time with their praying, which shows how accurate ly they reason with respect to the time of the day. This habit furnishes part of the music of the big plantation, and it may be said that the mule Is the leader of the farm orchestra, for the negroes in- variably follow the first call of the mule with a halloo peculiar to the negro farm hand, and the sound Is taken up again and again until every mule and every ne- gro on the place has joined in the strange orchestration. You can imagine what this means on a plantation containing thousands of acres. and where many mules and many negroes are scattered over a vast cultivated piateau. It is an inspiring sort of thing to the man not ta- miliar with plantation life, but a man long accustomed to 1t becomes dead to the sounds, and scarcely notices them. The point I had in mind, however was the shrewdness and good sound sense of the mule with respect to matters immediate ly concerning his welfare ana comfort. He is a wonder in some respects. and is not to be judged by the dullness of his ap pesrance"
The Birmingham age-herald., 1903-01-30
HE oHlY DAILY NEWSPAPER IN ALABAMA
Dreamers often Ile-in bed asleep.
 Romeo and Juliet.
Iron Production in 1902.

The final figures by states have not been made up, but the American Iron and Steel Association puts the years production at 17,S21 300 gross tons, or 1,942,900 tons more than the produc- tion in 1901. The gain was 121A per cent, and the production for the sec ond half of the year was 204,200 tons larger than that of the first half.
 If the hard coal strike had not de- creased the fueI supply in the eastern states, thereby causing several fur naces to go out of blast, and the car famine had not interfered in various ways with production, it is believed the years output would have exceeded 5000, 900 tons. Production in 1902 did not reach consumption, for a contin- uous movement of foreign iron be. came necessary.
 It is difficult to forsee the course Ol ouppiy dnu eho entire year, but at present production is well within consumption, and no one anticipates marked change very soon. Activity and prosperity are well maintained on every hand. Ex- pansion meets the eye in every state. New railroads, new bridges, new build ings and new mills are projected in every section and almost in every town; and even if the production of pig iron should be carried this year to 19,0O0,O00 tons, every pound of it will doubtless be needed. An increase in production equal to that of last year would carry the aggregate of the pres ent year beyond 19,000,000 tons, but the chances are that 1t will not exceed that great total. Strong influences are at work to keep prices down to reas- enable levels, so that the product of the present year, whatever 1t may be, will be needed at home at about pre- vailing rates.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1903-01-30
Poll Taxes in Jefferson.

Tomorrow is the last day In which poll taxes can be paid so that the citizen making such payments can avoid disqualification in the years elections and primaries. Unless de- linquent poll taxes are paid today or tomorrow the negligent citizen will stand disfranchised throughout the present year. He will not be an cleo tor at all, and for consistency's sake he should cease to discuss what he cannot participate in.
 Fully fifteen hundred citizens of this town should go to the court house to. day or tomorrow, and pay poll taxes due from them. They should be glad of the opportunity to pay such taxes, for they go to the benefit of the bare foot boys and girls in the public schools of Jefferson county.
 Remember, there can be no recover Ol SlCttOldl pllFllC6Co py pay made later than tomorrow night. Re ceipts cannot be falsely dated. All pay ments should be made today or to- morrow. And remember, too, that you cannot vote in the approaching city primary unless you are a qualified voter, for that primary will be held under the law, and a vote cast in it by one disqualified will be thrown out. But such vote will not be received. You cannot make your choice for mayor or chief or police or other of fees tell in the result unless you pay before the books are closed tomorrow night all poll taxes due from you. This is a matter that rests now, not in force, but on your conscience and man. hood. Go to the court house today and ease your conscience by wiping out the cumulative poll tax.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1903-01-30
LEGAL HANeINos IN MlssIsslpPI

From the Chicago Tribune
 Mississippi quite distinguished itself last year by greatly increasing the num- Der of it's legal executions of criminals and approximately decreasing the num- Der of its lynchings. In 1902 twenty-six negroes were hanged who, because they were negroes, would have been lynched a few years ago. It Is only within the last two years that the authorities in that state have cared to take the trouble of trying, convicting and hanging ne- groes.
 Having accomplished so much in 1902, the authorities evidently propose to con- tinue the work in 1903. Since January five negro murderers have been convicted and sentenced to be hanged. The evi- dence of guilt was clear in each case, and there were no mitigating circumstances. The governor has refused to interfere with any of the sentences, and all five will be hanged in various parts of the state on the same day, February IS. It Is said it is the first time in the history of the state that the Supreme court has affirmed such a large number of death sentences on one day.
 There is good reason to congratulate Mississippi which used to be the worst offender In the whole south. upon the great change which already has taken place and upon the ascendency of state law over mob law. The state is setting an example which other southern states and some northern ones would do well to follow. There is another feature of the five executions which can not too strongly be commended. The hangings will be in private. Now that it has been shown that the courts have resumed their regular functions, that hangings will not be public spectacles, and mur- derers will not be lions, heroes or mar tyrs, it is safe to predict that crime will decrease But in this connection there should be a word of caution. In this newly born enthusiasm for hanging ne- groes care should be taken that "the punishment fits the crime" and that ne- groes are not hanged when imprisonment would be adequate punishment. There must be white criminals In Mississippi as we'll as black, and If Mississippi hangs only blacks it will lay itself open to the charge of unfair discrimination.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1903-01-30

promote the interests of Colombia as well as of the rest of the world, and 1t would seem that the right of this country to protect the canal under any and all circumstances should be clear. direct and unquestionable As article 23 of the treaty now reads the United States could not protect the canal against revolutionary forces if the re- public and the local authorities of the state of Panama refuse or neglect to call for or authorize troops at the hands of the United States. Such a contingency could arise, and while it lasted commerce would be imperilled and even grave danger to the canal might occur. And even under ordi- nary circumstances the guarding of Q canal built by this country at an enor- nous expense by Colombian troops ia not wholly a pleasant prospect. Such troops are a poor article at the best, and even if they must be endured in peace times in order to save the pride of Colombia, still in times of revolu- tion and trouble the right of this coun- try to land troops for the protection of the canal should be clear and un- questioned.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1903-01-30
Iron and Steel Trade.

Rufus Fleming, the United States con- sul at Edinburg, in reporting to the state department quotes from writer in the Scotsman, who in a review Of the pig iron trade in 1902 says that American demand and American reports have domi- mated the pig iron markets of the whole world, to the exolusion os all other influ- ences, and that the iron market must now look to America for guidance, as she has proved her power of taking on her shoulders the burden of what threatened to be an almost universal European de- precision and converting it into a sem bance of prosperity" remarked an official of one of the iron-making corporations here.
 "The writer we'll says: Admiration can not be withheld from the Americans for the sensible, calm way in which their purchases have been effected throughout the whole year. Purchases even mildly approximating to the present totals would in former years have sent the pig iron markets wild with excitement, but this year it would appear almost as if Amer ica's total purchases were directed from one office desk, so judiciously have her demands been regulated and spread over the various markets at her disposal-to get repose whenever it appeared to get excited over her purchases.
 Trade In the northeast of England is in most deprssed condition. This has a reflex action here, and while manu- lecturers in Scotland are, as a rule, bet ter employed and have their order book filled, still. If there was cessation of buying from Canada and America, 1t would aggravate matters considerably. The American demand has not yet ceased, but 1t Is less than it was. A fall in prices would probably induce fresh work, both in shipbuilding and other directions, though, unfortunately, in shipbuilding, or which the steel trade largely depends in this country. the prospects are not good, freights being so low that there Is no inducement to shipowners to build new cargo steamers"
The Birmingham age-herald., 1903-01-30
Text Books and the Teachers.

The state educational conference, made up of teachers, county superin- tendents and agents of the southern and general educational boards. as- sembled at Montgomery, has endorsed state uniformity in the supply of text books in the public schools. The book trust has thus lost a point at the be- ginning of the fight, for 1t can no longer claim that the educators of the state are opposed to state uniformity.
 The legislator who now votes to re- tain tax of $25O,OO0, collected to @ great extent from the barefoot boys and girls of the state, must do so be- cause he thinks the book trust needs educators of the state desire it. The educational interests have met and spoken, and they favor state uniform ity. The book trust vainly strove to prevent vote upon the issue, and when the vote was taken county uni formity was rejected, and state uni formity was endorsed.
 But let no one think the book trust is yanquished. It will fight to the last ditch, and it's weapons are well known. But there Is hope in legislature hon. estly elected, representing a reform electorate The Age-Herald declines to believe that the book trust can control either house of the present legislature.
 Let the legislature discountenance the illusions of county uniformity. The state does not want 66 sets of text books, all furnished by the book trust at it's own figures. Let there be either state uniformity, or no uni formity at all, for county uniformity is a delusion. Let the present contracts expire, and if the legislature has not fortitude enough to grant state uni formity, throw open the doors wide to the book trust, and let it exploit the state at will. This will bring an ava lanche of text book reform in 1907, and this will be better than tampering with county uniformity which simply means corruption of county boards in the interest of the book trust.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1903-01-30
THE STAMP TAX.

From the Taladega Mountain Home.
 The utterances of the press, objecting to particular features of Auditor Sowells revenue bill. are just and well timed. The proposed stamp tax with which every promissory note, lien, mortgage or other paper evidencing indebtedness is to be burdened, is subject to the gravest ob- jections and should never be enacted into law.
 The purpose of the bill, doubtless, is to tax the money lender to the amount of the stamp. In every instance however, the tax will come our of the borrower or the mortgagee, who is less able to bear 1t. The recent experience with the late war stamps on papers of this character is fresh In the minds of the people, In- yariably the more needy paid the cost. The stamp tax failed to reach the bank CT, the express office or the postoffice. The whole of this tax fell on the patrons. From the Mobile Item.
 stamp tax should be at once un- popular, even from the name Such a tax has always been an emergency meas ure and the burden of payment has al- ways Fallen upon those least able to bear the extra burden. We have only to look pack few months for practical evidence or the fact that the borrower, the ship Der and the poorer classes invariably paid the tax; not always willingly, but Tn many cases under the stress of the courts. No extraordinary contingency ex- ists in Alabama to justify an emergency tax. and the adoption. of stamp act at this time would only be scheme for lodging the legitimate tax levy upon the property of those who own and con- troi the wealth of the country. and adding another burden upon those who now car ry all they can bear up under.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1903-01-30

1 HE African elephant according to VD H. A. Bryden's survey of his con-
 dition in the current Fortnightly Review. has almost gone the way of the American bison. There are two or three herds in Cape Colony, where they have been protected since 1880. There was, a year or two ago. one troop in North Bechuanland One or two small troops may be found in northern Mashonaland A few maintain precarious existence be- tween the Zambesi mouth and the Pung- we river.
 Except for these poor remnants, the wild elephant has practically ceased to exist south of the zambesi and the Cunene rivers. Even beyond those streams he has been and is vigorously pursued. It is doubtful. however, if he exists in great numbers in the dense forests of central Africa. While more or less known all over the continent, the region In which the elephant fiourished best appears to be that whose map has recently been painted all British red.
 The exterminating pursuit of the af- rlcan elephant began 250 years ago. The great pachyderms were then abundant about Table Bay They have. not been easily vanquished. "Culled from hun dred books of sport and travel, the tale of the extinction of the elephant would" as Mir. Bryden says, "even with the most severe editing. i'll two or three volumes of the most sti--ing epics of adventure" Even as early as 1772-75 Thunberg and sparrman, the Swedish travellers and scientists. found among the Boers eleph- ant hunters whose feats rivaled, and even surpassed. considering the arms they had, those of Gordon Cumming and Os- well and Selous. The elephant has died game. Many a grave upon the yeldt tes- tifies to the fierceness with which he has turned upon the eager sportsman and the pitiless ivory hunter.
 His tusks have been the elephants de- struction. From the time white men came to South Africa ivory has been demanded
The Birmingham age-herald., 1903-01-30
Panama Canal Treaty,

The Hay-Herran treaty as whole is pretty good document, but article 23 of the treaty certainly needs atten- tion. Colombia has been in the past rather fuller of revolutions than the other South American republics, and article 25 provides that in case of trouble involving danger to the canal, Colombia shall furnish needful troops, If Colombia cannot do this for any reason, then at her request or at the request of the local authorities, civil or military, the United States shall furnish troops for protection pur- poses.
 The United States is about to ex- pend two hundred million dollars, moro pr less. in building canal that will
The Birmingham age-herald., 1903-01-30
DETERMINATION OF ! THE AFRICAN ELEPHANT

unceasingiy That demand still exists, and is never likely to fall. for certain uses snd pleasures of man there is really no satisfactory substitute. The elephant is Lot like the bison-able to furnish noth- ing but food and leather, neither superior to the flesh and hide of the familiar OK. He has something that no other animal can supply of equal quality.
 Furthermore, he Is useful beast of burden. For many centuries he has served man In India. While his working power. weight for weight is not equal to that of the horse, he can do some things that the horse cannot do so well. He can be set at work nd to a certain extent left to do 1t by himself, as the horse cannot. While 1t is often said that the African ele- pnant is untamable. It cannot be affirmed that any such patient effort has betn made with him as the ancient Hindoos must have expended in domesticating .helr elephant.
 The ostrich has been reduced to prac- tical domestication. Woman will never lack the ornament of his plumes. Be- cause of the usefulness of ivory and of it's producer, 1t would seem that the preservation and domestication of the African elephant might well be conn- mercial enterprise, whose profits would be slow, but absolutely certain. MT. Try den expresses the opinion that If, fifty years ago. Great Britain had suddenly extended her sway to the zambesi, the elephant might have been saved.''
 Her sway has been so extended, and the elephant Is not yet extinct If British policy would sincerely undertake not only the preservation of the remaining specimens, but also their systematic care and increase, an hnfailing supply of ivory might be secured and the largest of land animals kept upon the earth for the use of man. The factor that will de- eide the question is. of course, that of utility. From many points of view the African elephant would seem we'll worth saving. Wili the elephant be saved?
The Birmingham age-herald., 1903-01-30
PROBLEMS AND PROMISES
 OF HORSELESS CARRIAGES

| by this amount the real estate required for the trucking business. In the present congested state of our streets the auto truck in substitution of the horse and truck would relieve one-third of the street incumbrance, to say nothing of the san- itary improvement in the condition of the streets. The various problems of cost sheets are being labored with but tine great problem Is between electricity and gasoline. If Edison's claim-that his new battery will economically displace gaso- line-is proven, the progress of the au- tomobile abroad and the American rail- way at home will be put in the shade in the next twenty years.
 At the present time there is an invest ment of s2e50O,OOo in automobiles in use in this country, a large proportion of which have been imported. But this in- vestment in automobiles which has been made in the past four years, already equals the investment in automobiles in France. France, however, has by far the larger investment In manufacturing plants. American manufacturers have been awaiting type of machine superior to the French machine and adapted to our poorer roads. The United States ma- chine must be light, durable for poor roads and take long trips in sparseJy settled districts where supplies are not available America has been looking to electricity to solve the problem The gas oline automobile is face to face with the problem of limited supply Of gasoline unless the price is to be very much in- crease
The Birmingham age-herald., 1903-01-30
STATE NEWS ITEMS.

Pineapple, little town in Wilcox. is to have a bank. The capital stock Is s30,OO0, and is divided Into 800 shares.
 Mobile Register: There is a movement to organize Southern Rabbinical society, Rabbi Moses P. Jacobson of Shreveport being the originator. The meeting for this purpose will be held on March 13 in Mont gomery CT in Shreveport, as shall later be decided upon.
 A fire broke out in the picking room at the Dwight mills of Gadsden Wednes- day. Twenty-Five bales of cotton were spread out drying and were a total loss. Three or four machines were damaged by the flames and the loss amounted to about $i5OO
 Hugh Mayes of Ballplay, Etowah coun- ty, was found dead Wednesday morning by gang of road makers. He was lying in a small stream that was only about twelve or fifteen inches in depth He Is supposed to have been drinking and to have fallen from his buggy, face down. into the water.
 Mir. Henry c. weeden. president of the Hercules Iron and Supply company of Ah- niston and owner of valuable gold lands in Clay county. has returned from Bos- ton, where Ee organized a stock company to develop the Clay county fields. He will soon go to Idaho, Clay county, where he owns land He is thinking of putting in a new cyanide mill so as to obtain the best results. MT. Weeden says that the dirt now mined at Idaho assays from s2. 50 to $4 per ton, and with the new mo- on the s2.50 ore and a good profit on the higher grades. The company VIII spend s75,Ooo on improvements.
 Mobile Item: At a recent meeting of the Chamber of Commerce held recently, the following resolution on the union depot matter was adopted:
 Resolved, by the Mobile chamber of commerce, that. in view of the necessity of immediate improvement of the ac- commodations afforded the travelling pub lie at Mobile by the several railroads operating in this city and Jointly using a station or union depot. that this cham Der urgently requests the best services of our senator and representatives in the general assembly of the state. in behalf of the travelling public and of our city, asking them to favor such legislation as in their judgment will bring about the es- tablishment of an adequate passenger station and the use of the same by all the railroads entering the city, upon con- ditions that shall be equitable to all in- terests, also that a proper regulation of terminal charges be be effected by em-