davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The semi-weekly messenger. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1897-1908, 1903-10-27
GAMBLING IN MEXICO.
Common Everywhere Excepting in
the City of Mexico.

Martin Stecker, who publishes a
weekly paper in Linares, Mexico, is
in Jail there. Il am at present In
jail" he writes, for c~ensuring in my
paper the mayor and the own clerk
for keeping COWS and hogs in their
yards and letting the water run
through bitches in town. without suf-
ficient fall to permit their being
flushed, thus causing water to stag
nate n ultimately to bring about an
epidemic Of yellow fever of such viru-
lence that l think it could not be any
worse"
Editor Stecker has been living
among the MeXicans for a dozen years
now. and he t~estifles that the love of
gambling is born in them. Everybody
buys lottery tickets. The chief at
fractions at Mexican fairs are bull
fights and the gambling games. When
he was new to Mexican ways. the
gambling in LinareS estonished him.
He knew it was contrar- to Mexican
aw. yet he saw games running in the
town a itself and in school houses.
Another thing that puzzled him was a
monthly announcement of this sort in
the official paper of NeuVO Leon:
Several public spirited people of this
city have given $-3.333.33 toward the
construction of the state capitol build
ing" Being in Monterey one day he
asked the commissioner Of schools
aCbtU it. That fuuctionary explained
that the queer looking gifts We're
monthly iustallments of the sum de-
manded and paid for the exclusive
gambling house privilege in the city.
That j. the sort of thing that is
gong on pretty nearly all over MeXI-
co. except in the federal district Cthe
capital and its environnents) where
President DiaZ i enforcing the law.
1nd where -four government clerks
were sUmmariiy bounced the other
day for throwing dice. The governor
OF Tamaulipas is Il Of the best men
in the re~ubiic-educated. enlighten-
cd. moral. no gambler. and no friend
= rawhliuS. Yet ne recently sold the
exclusive privilege in Tamplco for
$4,000 a year. Editor Stecker remon-
strated with him in the paDer and per
SuHally. As every n viii gamble.
no matter what laws are made said
Governor Pedro ArCuelles. it is my
opinion that 1t IS better for the gamb-
ivrS 20 pay their cash 10 the state di-
rect rather than To corrupt h judges
and the police with brides TO shut
their eyeS."-Hartford Courant.
The semi-weekly messenger. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1897-1908, 1903-10-27
Saves Two from Death.

Our little daughter had an almost ia
tai attack of whooping cough and bron-
chitiS," writes Mrs. W.. K. Halviland, of
ArmOnk, n. Y, but, when all other
remedies failed, We saved her life with
DR.. Kings New Discovery. Our niece,
who had Consumption in an advanced
stage, also used this wonderful medicine
and today she is perfectly we'll" Des-
perate throat and lung diseases yield to
DR.. Kings New Discovery as to no 9th
er medicine on earth. Infallible for
Coughs and Colds. SOC and $1.00 bottles
guaranteed by r.. r. Belllmy. Trial
bottles free.
The semi-weekly messenger. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1897-1908, 1903-10-27
Stomach Trouble Causes Heart
Trouble.

Heart trouble is almost always caus
ed by stomach trouble. The stomach
fails to digest all the food, and the
residue ferments. forming excess of
gas which distends the walls Of the
stomach. causing a pressure on the
nerves and arteries that lead TO the
heart. This causes the hea to pal
nitate or skin 4 beat occasionally, or
both. which is usually very alarming
causing grave a~pprehensions. Rydales
Stomach Tablets will prevent this
trouble. They digest the food and pre-
cent gas from forming in the stomach.
If there IS no gas in your tomach your
heart will not trouble you. r. r.
Bellamy.
The semi-weekly messenger. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1897-1908, 1903-10-27
Forgot He Was Married.


She knew before she married him
that he was absent-minded and while
they were on their wedding journey
she realized that all the stories she
had heard about him were not the ex-
a~ggerationS she believed them to be
before that happy event says the New
York Press. The final blow fell. how
ever, on the day after their return
home.
He had gone to his work. They
lived away up town and h did not
expect him home to dinner until z
o'clock. When that hour came and
passed she began. after the manner
Of brides, to grow nervous. At $50
she went down stairs to the telephone
IN the hall and tried to call up his Of
flee. Central replied, after an agoniz-
ing interval, that no one answered the
call. Then the young wife called up
her brother-in-law. She pleaded with
him to help find the injured Benedick.
for she had visions of her husband
having been knocked dow in the
street and taken to he hospital. The
brother only laughed.
Hes forgotten he's married. he
said. Don't bother. He'll turn up
all right. You'll have to get used to
ILLS SoIl I'll (IiIlS, 81 SOu lIlI5Il ~
we'll begin at once"
She said ne was a brute, and
damned the receiver into it's hook.
Then she went upstairs again and
| waited, waited, in an agony Of spirit,
until II o'clock. when a key ratified IN
the lock and the door opened, adj
| hitting the lost husband. who seemed
amazed to find her in his arms"
'Oh. JOHN she sobbed, Il thought
YOU were dead"
moments she dragged the story out OF
him.
You see, darling" he explained.
sh~amefacedly, "getting Jack to regular
work at my desk threw me into MY
| old "a again, and after I left the
office L went over to my old apart
ment in Brooklyn. l had the key still,
and I let myself into the rooms, lit
the gas and sat down to go on with
the case l had'nt finished when 1 lsft
the office. The man | had sold my
things to hadn't disturbed one of them,
SO there was nothing, you see, dearest,
to uggeSt a change. About IL o'clock
yes, L had forgotten all about my
dinner-a man came into the room.
stared at me and yelled. What are
you doing here?' 1 got mad at once,
Of course, and said sharply, These are
my rooms. They're not he replied,
they're NINE I've just rented them
from Wilcox Then it came Over me
in a flash what had done"
But why didn't you telephone me
from there, dearest?"
Really. darling, I'm afraid I forgot
that, too"
The semi-weekly messenger. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1897-1908, 1903-10-27
Unknown Dead Man Found /.

Knoxville, Tenn, October 22.-The
dead body of an unknown nan was
found today by the roadside near Clin-
ton, Tenn. about twenty miles from
the city. Nothing could be found to in
dictate his identity. He wore a *. A.
E. O." lodge pin and was handsomely
dressed. 1t has beer suggested that
the dead man may be f. L. kentz, the
young Philadelphia millionaire, who has
been missing from Big Stone Gap, Va,
for the past week.
The semi-weekly messenger. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1897-1908, 1903-10-27
PENALTIES FOR MARRYING.
That is, in Addition to Those Some
times Alleged to be Paid ut Home.

Matr,mony Is some COMMUNISTS punish
aoie oHSHes of society are small h..
Aelr edlcts are strong. The ,,r,a-
community, if it takes cognizanoa o9
"NS Single state. usually imposes =
me 1or not getting married. as IN A.. !
gentina' where batcn~'arhood reouir,.
the payment of an increasing G@
the government. n
But IN certain circles marriage r.
regarded as an offense. At OXfords
| university. for instance. a fellow of All
Souls College ~forfelts his fellowship
if he takes to himself a wife while he
is supposed to be studying the class
les.
He not only must pay a penalty, but
he must present his college a memorial
in the shape OF a silver cup. on which
is inscribed the words: "Descendit in
matrimOnium." He backslid into
natrimony."
The aristocratic Bachelors Club of
Picadilly. London. ostracises members
who forget themselves so far as to
marry. Instant expulsion is the pun
lshment for this offense. The back
sliders must leave the company Of the
bachelors forever. As an act of grace
they may pay a fine OF 800 and be-
come honorary members Of the club,
but that is their only salvation.
Not only England has these anti
matrimOny clubs. Their formation in
Chicago has been treated as a joke,
as it has in other American cites.
Bachelors-in other countries have lent
an air of seriousness to their endeav-
ors.
It is serious for a member of a GER
tain JunggeSeilen club in Germany to
lapse into matrlmOny. AS soon as mis-
intention becomes known he IS tried
in the club court. with the president as
judge, when he is allowed to plead in
eXtenuation of his offense. On the
skill of his pleading and his excuses
depends his fine, from s100 to $3.50.
This fine is devoted to a dinner. at
which all members appear in mourn
ing garb. Al its conclusion the prcsi-
lent reads the sentence of expulsion,
and the delinquent Is led from the
premises to an accompaniment of
grOans and lamentations.
Only last winter a recreant was on
demned to swim twice across the Seine
we're attack of rheumatic fever nearly
robbed him of the bride he had paid
the heavy price to wed.
Will the bachelor sometimes has to
pay dearly for a wife. in at least one
country it scarcely pays to remain
Celibate. In Argentina the man who
prefers single to duplicated bliss has
to pay a substantial and progressive
tax. If he has not taken a wife by The
time he has reached his tWenty-nfth
birthday he must pay a fine of 50 AZ
month to the eXchequer. Chicago Re-
cOrd-Herald.
The semi-weekly messenger. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1897-1908, 1903-10-27

march to progress till he wne ds
The St. Louis Republic., 1903-08-14
MERCHANTS EXPECT
EASTERN BUYERS,
Interstate Association Arranges
for Retailers Excursions From :.
New Territory.
OUTING FOR TEXAS CUSTOMERS
Visitors Bring Reports That st.
Louis Merchandise Is Gaining
Steady Market in the
Southeastern Part of
the Country.


There 1vora . a.. w.,
,,n.o iiiuhy arrivals III 'he "ash-
'HS."H avenue wholesale district yesterday
+hor, L., ... t'unu p'ehly " occupy
~. a'.euuias 10 the incoming buyers
Ne"t week. however. will see decided in
crease in arrivals, from the fact that then
begins an infux a, r,.r,h.nts fror, oa.t -
,h. ,y,..:, H VI 1iie' eiahts iioii cast VI
.he Aiississlppi River. which has not hither-
to been provided for by the Interstate Mer-
chants Assoc,ot,on
Nssoeiatioh.
Inc new arrangement will bring buyers
from MANY roints ,,,,,,,,,, A,,hor,. ~,
Eon's' ihciuoihs AiaoaIna. 1en-
neSSee and Kentucky where ST Louie ner-
cbord,,o r., , - ' ~
."a.o.se ~ mas peen gaining q steady foot
nold.
Opo -, a..
oS VI 'he features OF the week arranged
by the Carleton Dry Goods Comnonv was
an excursion for It's Texas ~ customers man. @
aged by Laurence Boogher Hope and Jesse
Carleton, to the Glen Echo Country Club.
The hosts secured the private car Eiec-
fra and tha,, -. ..'e p's",e ga,
IRA ana their guests included w. Hoffman
Una on MASON. Felix Mistrot of Galveston. Val
ehtine Peers OF Gainesville. Morgan Weaver
He,r,r -, ~ a " Sdiion' Jun.
Heimn OF New Bronsfels. Smith Cain of
Athens and w II Chandler of plano
Several guests expressed their apprecia-
tion of the courtesy extended to them and
assured their hosts fbat aSida Sron, tta
The St. Louis Republic., 1903-08-14
CONGRESS MAY CONVENE
BEFORE END OF OCTOBER.
Fnct Brought Out by Presidents Con-
ference With Members of Senate
Finance Committee.

Oyster Bay, L. l.. Aug. 13.-President
Roosevelt's conference with the members of
the subcommittee Of the Senate Finance
Committee was not finished until tho small
hours Of this morning.
The whole subject of financial legislation
at the approaching session of Congress was
discussed thoroughly.
The committee. consisting Of Senators
Aldrich, chairman; Plat of Connecticut, AL
lison and Spooner, did not present even a
tentative draft of a currency bill to the
President. although some propositions.
which. subsequently, may be embodied N
the measure. were reduced to concrete form.
No definite conclusions as to the shape Of
the proposed legislation were reached. The
conference related rather to methods Of
procedure in the work at hand than to the
form Of the legislation. At 1880 o'clock this
morning the members Of the committee left
Sycamore Hill. boarded their yacht. the
Vergena. and sailed for Providence on their
return to Senator Aldrich's home.
One fact of distinct importance was de-
veloped at the conference. While an extraor-
dinary session Of Congress next fall Is
assured, 1t has not been determined definite
ly whether 1t will be called to meet In Oc-
tober or in November. 1t has been supposed
that the extraordinary session would con-
vene on Monday, November 8, but the indi-
cation now are that 1t will be called for
an earlier date, perhaps several weeks
earlier.
The primary purpose Of the extraordinary
session will be to enact legislation making
operative the Cuban reciprocity treaty. but
financial legislation also will be pressed
upon the attention of Congress soon after
1t convenes.
1t can be said that the Senate Finance
Committee will draft no measure formally
and conclusively until consultations have
been held with other members of the Sem
ate-Democrats as well as Republicans
with members Of the House and with the
best authorities on finance in the county.
It is the desire Of the committee to be con-
stantly in touch with the President, with
other Senator's with members OF the House.
with bankers Of the West as well as those
OF the East. and with country bankers as
wen as city bankers. 30 that a plan Of iegis-
lation may be formed by the Opening of
the extraordinary session Of Congress. IS
1t is the hope Of the committee to devise
genuinely elastic currency system-a sys-
tenn that will expand when the necessity
shall arise and contract when the necessity
shall have ceased to exist.
The St. Louis Republic., 1903-08-14
Rural Free Delivery.


Washington. Aug. 13.-Rural free delivery
service has been established, to commence
september Is. as follows:
Missouri-Albsny. Gentry County additional
service). one carrier: length of route. 24x miles;
population served. 52S Bosworth. Carroll County
taddtional servce). one carrier: length OF route.
2ils miles: population served. 6l4. Brashear.
es GSanty two length Of
ss ssnf'f Edna If RSes
q , Touse TX miles: population served. 49, Kno.
Gently Gaansy ss sasitanai DsRsniItSsIsni
Knox cOansy %11ss ons ealssr;
@ New " sar,s; mss;
population served iss Novelty u Knox x coanss: %ss
ro If S1ese s 1D.. @s
iaiion se1Ye length Sf Ion,ss sS miles popu
'y one earS,ss 5Sa,; Length q route: I miles
ssca a. outf iii County &c 'es tsddsion- pSpn
miles ss!T,Se ss4ved length Of route
Rural letter carriers have been anno,nted
to begin service September /. as follows:
.iilin9ls-Bellhower. William J. Rose, carrier:
BioominstonNlsaao n Ives. Simon s. Mark,
ana ,dn 5ames H. Irwin carriers: Marley Ives. Mi
S sas dsva essl ss%a: Fore,
substitute. 0e' ose''
xI Shenoa s-.i - Samuel P. Beard carrier: Chester
colfax..samuei NJ. Moore Henry c. Upton and
Wesley W. Downey, carriers: Mary 4. Moore.
cssasr snRs,uiss isN,n
c. johnson. substitute. - was
Eilsworth.Harry h.y, Mlllay and Roy Van Gun
o1 carriers: H. H. Nillay and William Hunter
Enneld-Alfred B. Martin, Charles mccurdv.
Ella. n; Miller and James II. Savage, carriers:
Miller and Zack Jernigan. substitutes
tiora.William ]. seiby. carrier: VIII E. Selby.
Gridiey.-Homer J. Walker. Dave Asbell and
John L Diggle. carriers: Dudley smaIley. John
Adams and George P. Stokes. substitutes
Griggsyille-Lawrenee Harvey. carrier: Amos
dick and Arthur Brown. carrisf.: Mabel F. Bur-
dick and w. II. Brown. substitutes.
Abrams. gubstitute.
y LssRS9y-yysrsy Doss pStsSn: lame. F; Kimler.
Gs cs ana sck.Sn caarss ,S,,. wasse car
Isxinrton-JOseph j. McMuiien. j. I. vawtsr
brose Herman 4. Burrick and George B Berts.s. nn.
Nil shoals-samuel. A. puckworth. carrier;
Nornai.watsOn Stewart. carrier: Albert Tay-
P'i,tsfieidNGeorss W. Webster and Edgar L.
Webster Webster. asr,, easrie,n; n. H. Webster and n L
saybrook-sam O. Lewis. b. .Rueies, J. r.
Means End; and RsIsses saIMyisss ns GsT,Eud.
stanford-J. s McReyEolds and John N. Lee,
carriers Sarah Sarah j. McResnolds and Frank b
Towanda = Wal,er DO,son. carrier: BENJAMIN
HHG,es and .ad Aessn .s,r Mss;
substitutes.
The St. Louis Republic., 1903-08-14
ECCENTRIC SALOONKEEPER
OF MILWAUKEE, is DEAD.
"Judse" showlcs Sold No Mixed
Drinks Nor More Than Three of
Any Kind to One Man.

Milwaukee. Wis, Aug. 13.-John A..
showles. saloonkeeper. known to almost
every one in Milwaukee as Judge"
Showles. is dead Of heart failure. He had
conducted saloon here for more than
thirty years
He never sold a mixed drink. declined to
sell more than three drinks to a man, and
II he knew a mans family suffered because
he freauented showles's place no price
could buy q drink.
NO beer for you. my friend" he would
say. Take your money home to your fam
lily; do not want it: they need it." and he
adhered to this rule.
Six o'clock in the evening was his clos
ing time. and when the clock struck his
best customer was told that business was
over for the day.
Another pronounced popularity Of the
Judge" was his dress, which was Of the
years before the war. When he walked
the streets 1t was In the dress of the days
Of Clay and Webster: flowing coat. trousers
wide In the leg and generous of girth, and
collar OF the big flowing kind seen in the
pictures Of early.day statesmen. He was
well educated and u Mason Of high degree
Nothing is known Of his family.
The St. Louis Republic., 1903-08-14
CARTER TO Be REPRIMANDED.
Found Guilty Of Negligence in
Navigating Government Tug.

REPUBLIC SPECIAL
Washington. Aug. IA letter Of repri-
mand will be sent to Lieutenant Command
or Carter. U. S. N. for negligence in navi-
cation In failing to have casts Of the lead
taken frequently while under way on sound
ings.
Commander Carter. who Is a native of
Pulaski. ILL.,. was tried By seneral court
martial on the Asiatc Station last winter
on five charges in connection with tho
grounding Of thes United States tug Pisca-
taqua. December . last. near Subig Bay.
Philippine Islands The court found him
guilty on all charges and sentenced him to
dismissal from the service.
After careful review Of the testimony,
Acting Secretary Darling. who has spent
months of study on the case, prepared a re-
view OF the findings for submission to the
President. The Acting Secretary expressed
the opinion that Carter was only guilty Of
neglect In navigation and not guilty of the
four charges. He recommended that the
sentence OF dismissal be mitigated to q rep
recommendation
The St. Louis Republic., 1903-08-14
TESTIMONY NEARLY ALL IN.
Two More Witnesses Appear for
Defense in Canal Case.

Peoria, Aug. 1s.-Taking of testimony be-
fore United States Commissioner Bright in
the Chicago drainage case. wherein st.
Louis through the State Of Missouri is plain
tiff. is nearly finished.
The principal witnesses to-day were Nat
Cohen of Urbana, president Of the Illinois
Fish Commission. and Captain 8. p Bartlett
OF Quincy. field superintendent for the United
States Fish Commission. and also a mem-
to the improved conditions of the fish and
the increase in number and variety since
the opening of the drainage canal.
living along the river were engaged In the
industry. shipping from 10000 900 to IL, 900 900
pounds annually. Also that typhoid fever,
malarial and intestinal diseases had greatly
decreased since Lake Michigan water was
turned In.
The St. Louis Republic., 1903-08-14
WILL ASK Mr.. CARNEGIE
TO INVEST IN ARMOURDALE
Citizens Hope to Repair Damages
Done by the Recent
Flood.
REPUBLIC SPECIAL.

REPUBLIC SPECIAL
Kansas City. Mo-, Aug. IS.-J. W. Rad
ford, State Grain Inspector of Kansas, with
:, headquarters in Kansas City, kas., an,
nounced this morning that Armourdale citi-
zens will meet tomorrow night to consider
plans by which Andrew Carnegie may be
induced to invest a quarter of million
dollars in Armourdale. At the meeting a
committee will be appointed to draft an
appeal. which will be presented to Mr.. Car
negie, asking that he make loan to such
property-owners of Armourdale as need
money for repairing their homes and put
ting them in a habitable condition.
This money will be asked on the grounds
Of absolute necessity and for the purpose
Of inducing the property-owners to repair
their homes and return to Armourdale in
an endeavor 20 restore conditions that pre-
The St. Louis Republic., 1903-08-14
LYING AT THE POINT OF DEATH.
General Fitz-Simons May Succumb
to Old Injuries.
REPUBLIC SPECIAL

REPUBLIC SPECIAL
Chicago. ILL.,. Aug. 13.-General Charles
Fitz-Simons is declared to be lying at the
point of death. The veteran soldier has not
recovered from the effects Of fall down a
stairway at his home several weeks ago.
Hearing noise below and his dog bark
ing. the General hastily threw on some
clothes and hurried to the stairway. He
fell and was considerably shaken UP, but
ne did not complain much of his bruises at
ever, the General has been failing rapidly.
Physicians have been unable to give a sat
isfactory diagnosis Of his case.
The sick man is nearly 10 years old and
has long and meritorious Civil War
record
The St. Louis Republic., 1903-08-14
Army Orders.

REPUBLIC SPECIAL
Washington. Aug. 1a-Army orders were
issued to-day as follows:
Captain Guy c. NJ Godfrey. Assistant Surgeon.
now at San Francisco. viii. proceed to Fort
Arache. Arizona Territory :or duty.
The leave granted Captain Arthur g. Conklin
Is extended ono month";
Leave for two months IL granted Captain Guy
c. NJ. Godfrey.
The leave granted Second Lieutenant Allen c.
Keys. Fourteenth Cavalry Is extended one month.
The leave gIanted SECOND Lieutenant Laurin L.
Lawson. Artillry Corps. ts extended fifteen days.
Leave for one month, with permission TO apply
fo- an extension Of one month. Is granted First
fantry.
The following officers are relieved from duty
at tho United States Military Academy:
Captain Frank park.r ss,i:---::::a iIi-xa:ry:
ginsers. and First Lieutenant Frank c. Jewell
Second Lieutenant wn1. 8. NELSON, Twenty
ond Infantry. will report to Major John J. Crit.
ienden. Twenty-second Infantry president OF the
Examining Board at Fort Crook Neb., for ex-
animation to determine his fitness for promotion.
The St. Louis Republic., 1903-08-14
CHARGED WITH PERMITTING
HIS YOUNG SON TO WORK.
Factory Inspector Who Alleges Vio.
lntion of Child Labor Law.

State Factory Inspector Charles J. Nord-
meye. yesterday afternoon swore out q
warrant charging Max Fruehauf Of No. ss13
Sullivan avenue with permitting the en-
ployment of a child under age.
The warrant alleges that Fruehauf al
lowed his son. Walter Fruehauf, IL years
old, to accept employment from o. C.
Koelle. manager Of the Koelle- Mueller La
bel Company at No. 202 North Second street.
The factory laws prescribe that no child
shall be employed under the age Of II years
old where machinery Is used.
Koelie. according to Inspector Sordmeyer.
vas informed by Fruehauf that the latter's
son was more than ii vsaes - He n:
= :=;...i,-s. :vr .:le Ess% against thc parent.
The St. Louis Republic., 1903-08-14
Benutifyins Sulphur Park.

REPUbIIC SPECiAlA
Guthrie. Ok. Aug. B.-The payment by
the Government for improvements on prop
erty IN the Sulphur National Park Reser-
walton at Sulphur. which was commenced
Tuesday. will be concluded next week. Yes
terday Special Agent F. C. Churchill paid
out $1s.ooo. and to-day he paid out $4,000
The payments arc being made in warrants
drawn on the National Subtreasury at st.
Louis. All the property purchased by the
Government with Be removed The ap-
praised value Of oil the property Is spproxi-
nately H5.00o. When the payment Is fin-
ished tho Government will have absolute
at once be made TO: beautifying the
The St. Louis Republic., 1903-08-14
!evHe 70 Laehc ce.;.a..
Punctuation Of Sale Bill Causes a
Lawsuit.

REPUBLIC SPECIAL
Macon. Mq.. Aug. 13.-Judge Shelton issued
restraining order to-day to prevent
Charles Lawrence from removing an office
building claimed by Charles Culver of Clar-
ence. , The case hangs on punctuation
marx
lawrence sold Culver town lot on which
there was a frame office worth about $500.
He claimed he excepted the Office in the bill
o& sale and started to move 1t: Cnver's 8
Feed read except the office safe and fix-
fures" Lawrence says there should have
jbeen a comma after office.
The case will come up at the October term
Of court, when the Circuit Judge will en-
deavor to locate the comma.