Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1903-01-26

oOO Market ST.. San Francisco
ranch idea about the dairies here" In
the outlying districts where butter Is
made as side issue on the large graz
ing ranches; that there should be more
ol less Of the ranch about the dairy
herd is 10 be expected; but there is no
excuse for the conditions existing on
some of the dairy farms near Homo
| lllu. Anyone who has to do with dairy
cows knows, or ought to know, that
COW boys with jingling spurs, lariats,
bullock whips and dogs have no place
around or near a dairy herd. Theu
again the range of pasture is in most
cases too great. and after the COW has
been chased into the milking shed she
find there a calf tied by the neck and
Juggling at the rope anxious for an in
terview with it's mother; the whole
procedure being TO say the least start
ling to one accustomed to dairy condi-
tons in the east; and on which eau
lave only one result, resort to tho
pump for a dividend.
Feed.
Feed. The question OF proper feed
ing is TO my mind the most importan;
one TO answer in attempting to put tho
dairy business on sound footing here.
Proper food is that which supplies tho
waste Of the body and furnishes the
energy whereby the animal performs
It's normal functions; and this fool
| ,,,uet ha adiuctal in amount and nrn-
portion of ingredients to suit the ma
iure of the particular animal and the
functions It performs.
Cow as Machine.
A milch COW may in a sense be con-
Sidered machine for Transforming
fodder into milk: and the food supplied
is simply material to keep the ma.
chine in repair and raw material
which the machine turns out as a fin
Usher product To supply this material
in proper amount and the ingredients
IA proper proportions It is plain tnat 4
knowledge OF the chemical composition
of the articles USED for food as well as
the needs of the machine for repair
and the composition of the output is
necessary. The composition of ordin-
airy feeding stuffs is well known; and
the principles OF animal nutrition have
been well worked out, but that there is
yet much 10 learn goes without say
Ing; and in our case at least there
seems to be something lacking In APP
plying the ordinary principles OF ami
NAL nutrition to mich cows. While Il
I; true that the general composition of
any plant is much the same wherever
grown; 1t is also true that plants vary
greatly in their minor constituents in
different climate. This has been noted
especially in medicinal plants; the
plants from which opium, indian hemp,
and cocaine are obtained being good
examples. With this in mind | have
often wondered. whether native fodder
especially pasture grasses, were not de-
ftcient in some minor constituent nee
essary to animal nutrition. | am in
dehted to Mr.. b. o. Clark for sug-
Gestion along this line. Mr.. Clark be
l;cyes, | think, that native folders are
deficient in phosphoric acid. and the
suggestion has these facts to give II
weight "a Phosphoric acid furnishes
more than 25 per cent of the ash OF
milk and about OF per cent OF the milk.
90 Our soils contain considerable
rhosphoric acid but 1t is in very in
soluble and apparently very slowly
available condition, t3) Bran which
is considered one of the best milk pro-
t.ucing foods, contains about 3 per cent
rhosphoric acid, much more than any
ether commonly used feeding stuff ex'
cept cottonseed meal which contain;
about 2.5 per cent.
II is somewhat surprising that the
wants Of plants for such constituents
as potash and phosphoric acid should
be the study of experiment stations
everywhere, and that millions Of dollars
should be expended in manufacturing
and supplying these ingredients Il
growing crops; and yet very little ex-
perimenting has ever been done to de-
termine the needs Of animals for such
material, and no attempt made to fur
Ilish such to them; they being allowed
10 pick them up when and how they
can.
!, Minor Food Materials.
OF course this matter of deficiency OF
/ minor food materials is in this con.
nection as yet merely theory; but II
certainly is a matter worth lookins
into; but while It may be found that