The Yale expositor., 1903-09-25

y
ar rapidly transforming many lines of
business AMI ,radc manufacturing The
supply of electric power in large units
has primarily been responsible tog tins
mary elous growth. but purely esprri
mental companies are now carrying on
exhaustive tests AMI experiments 10
develop Row industries fur thc benefit
ui mankind. and their work II rrcciv.
ius critical alton ion from ~ pGr.s o,
the world
iSduslrili r.cc,roch,m.siry aud c,rc.
,romcial!urgy have already accom-
piishcd wonders Ia ihr field of manu-.
farturc Cario,uudum hats become u
staple pt5iu"t OF iir electric furnace.
displ1cing In many JuI,les nearly all
Other abrasive ma rails In the pa-,
year IL has become mn important factor
in til steel trade. aud ,oiur seventy.
five toms per y.uu,h nrr demanded Tor
ia, industry Stone Morr recently .unr
stem 3ul C'rrntungStcu have hccn sa;,s.
fJctog.ly produced Zoe thc rirctr;c ri,.
racr. uud he ts' oi these .r he steel
t'adr toc mHnuiac,urin-. ,nlt harden
Increased.
The manufacture OF aluminium. zinc
:ud manganese In the electric furnace
hat also achieved considerable mFoy-
lance. amt promises Cor The near future
FAR reaching Developments, There are
several factories ROW engaged in man
MA turing aluminium at Niagara Falls
ami Mdsscna. AMI Their tot,l uutpIt h
considerable. Commercial phosphorus
is satisfactorily made Is mixing the
hncly powdered phosphate material
with curbua AMI sand in the clc',ric
furnace. and then. when heated dis.
t.llins tlc pie ,?ho.us from tie mass
aud g,llccli'- it under Aatc.
Ttr dryclopM m ~ tie cagaorun,Um
Industry iud to the waalfatturc OF az.
tihc.di graphite. which is now pro
duC'd by passing Ga" amOyphouS car
bon through tlr electric furnace and
obtaining pure graphite with merely
4 fractioH "a one per cent ct ash. Even
the direct capitalization NJ anthracite
c,nls ha, been successfully accom-.
plishrl granular graphite being Oh
tAincd which can be- extensively used
Tor iubricaling purposes This gra-
phitc Is easily manipulated with ma
chine tools aud @, Of great service in
many trades In inOl over two million
pounds of this graphite were made In
this country ana much more in the
year just closed
The clcctrolytir production 81 caust.
alkalics and chlorine has proved II the
greatest Importance to she world OF
trade. The chlorine produced is used
for making bleaching powders. which
I'm turn has rcvolutioniz,d the bleach
Ing trade here and abroad. The pro
duction Of sodium by clcctrolyZing
fused caustlc soda has developed rap.
idly ~ Niagara and other places where
large electric units are supplied nc low
rates. The production of sodium j.
now conducted on large scale.
The application ~ the electric fur
mace to steel manufacturing has also
received q good deal 81 attention in
Franco and Ivy the Niagara people. TX
pcrimcnts have been conducted To man
ufacturr steel from pig iron in the clec.
tric furnace. ana also 10 Siuclt the ores
directly aud manufacture aud reiinc
tin material in two connected furnaces
At II Etirnnr. France. iron ore ha-
been trcltrd most successfully In spr-
cially prepared electric furnaces. aud
new fnctOric, are being projected Tor
carrying the work forward on a com
mrrcinl scHlc.
The manufacture Of carbon bisu,
phldc rs directly treating in tho cleo.
irlc furuHce charcoal aud sulphur is
now IN operation az Penn Van. y. Y
wh"r" a Gaily output OF 10000 pounds
il an average The electric furnaces
employed Cor this work q the Penn
Yam factory represent The lar-rS, yrt
made ia any of ,lIr ClcCirorhpmical in
dusuics &. 'his country. rhcy are siA.
teen fsct iu diameter and about forty
ftr, high. having 4 capacity sufficient
to make larger daily outpu, tian any
similar iac,o7y IN the woyfd
-ri'r praluc .ol of ni.vic acid Icy cleo
,r5rhruirui methods ~ q now process
that promises e. .ensiye changes ~ on
sgs.rul,urr Tho manufacture 90 n.,r,r
rrid from sac nitrogen 9ud oxygen o.
thu MIR in sunic.cu, quantities Cor com
mrrial us,s has brca thc dream aud
hope o.. scientists FOR yen~s. 80 Ma
gufa experiments have been cou'lu ';rd
successfully he producing commercial
ni.r,r acid rs Us'ns = high tension cur
rem. 100 nu uir cha mhcr. 10y whiri 70
yir.d 81 one pound OF nitric acid Is "''-
.ainrd for every seven ho~s' power
hours Steps are Row heius taken to
establish the production of nitric acid
on large commercial scale. aud while
further experiments Ia ;his Held VIII hc
conducted they will Ice Simultaneous
with the practical work OF making the
product.
10 remarkable have these and similar
Industries become that purely expert
.acninl companies have been formed
withia ihc pas; year TO investigate FUR
,her in eiectrochcmistry at Niagara Tor
the sole purpose OF discovering new
a.. t.a In