davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1903-02-01

portion of hull and machinery weights than
the smaller for equal results in strength and
, speed.
ADVANTAGES OF THE
INCREASE IN SIZE
The advantages of the increase in size and
length of the Connecticut are clearly shown.
with reference to the elements of speed
and power.
Model basin trials prove that at a speed
Of eighteen knots the power required for
the Connecticut is about 6 per cent less than
that required for the new Maine; whereas
at nineteen knots the power required for the
Connecticut is nearly 80 per cent less than
/ that or the MainG.
III.
The gun is still the supreme sea weapon,
for. though 1t may not be able to destroy.
1t can render a ship helpless by putting out
Of action its battery and personnel. The
individual gum" writes Lieutenant Com
mander Niblack. 'is the unit of offense in
one sense: but the combined fire of as many
guns as possible, directed according to a
definite scheme by means of a well-organ-
lied fire control, alone means victory.
1.-The key to modern feet actions is con-
centration of gun fire. To achieve this we
must install our guns properly. and We
must Of all things train our personnel. Fleet
formations should be based on gun fire. and
In battle We should limit tactical move
ments to those which least distribute it."
The difference between the heaviest naval
ordnance Of 1862 and 1902 is shown in the
diagrams, which were among the ~illustra-
tons OF a paper read by Rear Admiral
Charles ONeil. chief of naval ordnance,
before the Society of Naval Architects. The
sketches tell their own story; but 1t may
contribute to a more definite appreciation
of the revolution in shape and in power If
the data of the gun be compared.
In the old ordnance. Of which We were
Justly so proud. the weights Of the projec-
tile and charges are not the normal ones.
but are those authorized for extraordinary
circumstances-'at ironclads at short
range"
Fffteen-1nch Cast Iron Smooth Bore Muz-
zle Loading Rtfie-Weight, 1877 tons: length.
10 fet I inch: powder and charge, 100
pounds black powder; projectile. 40 spheri-
cal; velocity. 1900 foot seconds: muzzle en-
ergy. 1881 foot tons.
Twelve-Inch Steel Built Up Breech Load
Ing Rife-Weight. SO tons; length. IL feet 6
inches; powder and charge, $50 pounds
smokeiess; projectile. $50 armor piercing: ve-
locfty, $500 foot seconds; muzzle energy.
A. 246 foot tons.
The flash frigates of the Civil War car
ried as their favorite broadside gun the
s-lnch smooth bore. II feet in length that
with a ten-pound charge and a seventy
pound shot developed an energy of SAT foot
tons. The muzzle energy of the latest L.
inch rife is therefore fifty-four times as
great, SO that one shot from one new turret
gun will develop as much energy az both
broadsides of a fighting fifty-four gun fr!g-
ate of the days of sail or Of sail and aux
Hilary steam.
OLD ORDNANCE SYSTEM
STILL IN "
Our present ordnance system dates in es-
sentials from 1889. Tentative efforts had
been made before this to replace or to re-
vamp the old ordnance. but without sue
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1903-02-01

designers of their treatment of the battle
ship question. especially as the question of
Observation-Disclosures large or moderate
is still in dispute.
The frst-class battleships of the navy
may be separated into six groups. according
to the period in which they We're author
ICED, or into four groups if displacements
and speed be taken. If. however. this lat
ter standard be accepted, the grouping
would be inaccurate, as the gun energies
and battery disposition thus assembled vary
SO greatly.
To the first group belong the Indiana.
Massachusetts and Oregon, of 1880 tons.
authorized in 1899: to the same class may
be assigned the Iowa, of I.Si0 tons, author
tied in 1892. Antedating these were the two
ships. the Texas. now rated as
a second-class battle sip, and the first
Maine. intended originally as an armored
cruiser. but later classed as a battleship.
In the second group dSS5) are the Ken
lucky and kearsarge, of 1,o40 tons; in the
third QS96), the Alabama. Wisconsin and
Illinois. of u.56J tons. and in the fourth
GS9S), the Missouri. Maine and Ohio. of H.
go tons.
Excluding the Missouri and Ohio, the
above-named ships are in commission-the
Kearsarge and Kentucky in Asiatic waters
and the others on the North Atlantic sta
ton.
NEW ONES PROVIDED
o BY CONGRESS.
The fifth group dS90 consists of the
Georgia and Nebraska, and $500 of the Vir-
ginia, Rhode Island and New Jersey, each
of about 1850 tons. Finally, We have the
Connecticut and Louisiana and the new ones
as yet unnamed. all provided for by the
present Congress
The growth of displacement between the
Oregon and the Connecticut periods
amounts to 500 tons. and the increase of
the mean speed amounts to nearly two
knots. Should the 1899 and 1900 construc-
tons be taken as the standard for speed,
the difference is nearly three knots.
A very radical difference of opinion exists
among naval officers on the question of bat
tleship displacement. A majority seem to
favor displacement Just as large as may,
without diminishing any other essential ele-
ment, be handled without difficulty and be
able with safety to enter. the year around.
the principal ports of our seaboard.
An influential minority believe that ships
should not be allowed to exceed 1000 tons.
1t bases this conservatism on several
grounds. the principal Of which is that,
other things being equal, or nearly equal, a
great number of units must be more effec-
tive than a more limited number, even If
the latter be large size. 1t is the control
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1903-02-01
".

~.
In an able discussion on the Tactics Of
the Cum" by Lieutenant Commander Nib
lack, he ~fortifes his contention that the
key to modern actions is concentration Of
gun fire. This officer declares:
Modern steam-1eet tactics differ in
many essentials from the tactics Of the
sailing-ship period and from military tactics
on shore. In the Jays of sailing ships prac-
tically all guns were necessarily mounted
In broadside. and bow and stern fire, for
structural reasons, were inconsiderable. The
natural formation was column Tor Zine
ahead" as it is called abroad, as this gave
the greatest effective fire, viz. broadside.
ADVANTAGE GAINED BY
BREAKING ENEMY'S LINE.
In the approach Of such fleets to each
other in an engagement very few guns
could be brought to bear, and the prelimi-
nary maneuvering was generally to secure
the weather gage, or ~wirdward position,
which gave the advantage of forcing the
engagement or Withdrawing from it.
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1903-02-01

mounted by large pink roses, 'and these are
IS a dozen.
Becoming boas in mOdish shapes are made
from delicate shades of paper. These cost
about the same as the NUTS. With these
are funny caps with Ions Chinese pigtails
for the men.
A melon-shaped ball about twenty inches
in diameter trimmed with large pink roses
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1903-02-01

can be made the source of much amuse-
ment If filed with absurd little gifts which
match and a scramble Is made for them
when the ball is broken.
There are many beautiful favors in silver,
and brocaded bags with silver gilt tops have
been a favcrite with the debutantes this
season. These can be used for opera-glass
bags afterward II desired.
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1903-02-01

Of numbers that. in its opinion. enables the
work to be done.
Formerly we heard a great deal of dismal
prophecy from this minority. 1t feared and
proclaimed that, with large displacement.
We were putting all our eggs in one basket,
and that the loss of a ship meant the de-
struction of an army corps. Fairly consid-
cred, the objections cited by the minority
are more fanciful than real.
Indeed. when the two types are submitted
TO the test of comparative battle efficiency
what opposition could the imperfectly pro-
tected four 6-inch guns of the Oregon offer
to the heavily protected armor, single case
mated twelve Finch guns of the Connecticut
class?
And at the end of this fight. which should
prove to be the cheaper group?
ALL BATTLESHIPS UNHANDY
ON OCCASIONS.
1t is usually claimed that the IL, 01D-ton
ship must be less handy than the II ,01O-ton
craft; that its maneuvering qualities must
be inferior: but, then, all battleships can be
unhandy on occasion. and If the model tank
experiments can be relied upon. the Con-
necticut promises. through it's proportions
and adjustments. to be at least equal in
handiness to the earlier ships.
Its draft will certainly be greater. hut
this will not forbid its entering an Ameri-
can harbor on the same stage of the tide
that the Oregon or any other OF our battle
ships. so far designed. will lave to use.
II.
This increase in size Of warships has been
common TO all navieS in recent years and
Is coincident with the increase In merchant
vessels. Such increase in size may involve
decrease in hardness and 1t may not-there
Is no compelling necessity-but it surely in
wolves practically an increase In cost.
In comparing the Connecticut. our latest
American design, with her predecessors.
Chief Constructor Bolles, United States
Navy, travis instructive and Illuminating
parallels. some of which may be para
phrased here. He declares that, first of
all, the problem of the naval architect
should be to produce the best military unit
for the least amount of money and that it
remains for those who command naval YES
sells to say what limit of military power
shall be placed upon the individual unit of
the feet.
A distinguished foreigner recently asked
why our battleships were so large or of so
great displacement, and was told that the
conditions of our service seemed TO make
1t necessary for them to go anywhere and
be ready to fight when they get there.
While our recent battleships are undoubted-
ly large. the Virginia class of five vessels
being 1880 tons normal displacement, and
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1903-02-01

which she says must be sung with the
voice. or stand out like u solo instrument
at all times.
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1903-02-01

designers Of their treatment of the battle
ship question. especially as the question of
Observation-Disclosures large or moderate
is still in dispute.
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1903-02-01

portion of hull and machinery weights than
the smaller for equal results in strength and
speed.
Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1903-01-23
Ink and Fish Trick.

This is really first class delusion.
You first bring before the spectators a
glass vase full of ink. You dip ladle
into 1t and pour out some of the ink
upon plate in order to convince the
audience that the substance In the vase
is really ink. You then throw hand
kerchief over the vase and Instantly
withdraw it, when the vase Is found to
be filed with pure water, In which a
couple of goldfish are swimming.
This apparent impossibility Is per-
formed as follows To the interior of
the vessel Is fitted black silk lining
which adheres closely to the sides
when pressed and which is drawn in
side the handkerchief during the per-
formance of the trick. The ladle has a
hollow handle with an opening into the
bowl. In the handle is a spoonful or so
Of ink which runs into the bowl when
1t is held downward during the act Of
dipping 1t into the vase.
Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1903-01-23
Missing the stitch In Time,

An interesting illustration of how
great and costly strikes may result
from the action Of an employing corpo-
ration on misinformation was given by
one Of the speakers at the Civic fedora
tion meeting. A railroad strike tying
up the ntercommunication of three
counties, lasting seven months, involv-
ing the presence of state troops and
costing the counties involved about
$45,000 in addition to the losses Incl
dental to the suspension of travel, be-
gan with the discharge of a man who
had run train off at a switch. When
the matter was finally settled, the COM
pany investigated the accident, discov-
cred that the man arbitrarily dis
charged was not in any sense at fault
and promptly reinstated him. To have
found this out when the accident hap
pcned would have been an important
economy.-New York Times.
Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1903-01-23
Up From Humble Boyhood.

Difficulties and small beginnings
needn't discourage boy. For instance,
one Of the most respected ministers in
New York city, man whose opinion is
asked on all the questions Of the day,
who dimes with President Roosevelt and
who is invited to California and Cana
da and various places to lecture to
great crowds of people. had to leave
school and work for $1.50 week to
help take care of his mother when he
was only nine years old.
The first trousers he and his little
brother had were made of figured
skirt Of their mothers. The boys were
too big for skirts, and yet she was too
poor to buy cloth. The clergyman, who
is white haired now, says he will never
forget the day he put on those bright
colored trousers. The design was such
large one that only by standing side
by side SO their four legs were In a row
could they piece out whole figure
Exchange
Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1903-01-23

A London dispatch says that George
NJ. Barnes, secretary of the Amalga-
mated Society of Engineers and one Of
the British labor commissioners who
recently visited the United States with
Mr.. Mosely, has made public some of
his impressions, which rather surprise
those who have had experience on both
sides of the Atlantic. Mr.. Barnes says
of the labor conditions of the two coun-
tries that, so far as wages are con-
cerned, England lags considerably, but
that in every other respect the COM
parison is in her favor.
"The most noticeable drawbacks in
America" he said, "are the congested
character of the workshops, the disre-
gard for the comfort of the workers
and the bad sanitation. I am persuaded
that on the whole the workmanship of
the American mechanic is inferior to
that of his British cousin. This, how
ever, is not SO observable in the engl-
neering industry as in others.
with regard to working hours, as
rule they are longer than In England,
especially in the engineering trade, but,
as l have indicated, the wages are
higher.
with regard to the social conditions
Of the American workman, think they
are considerably less pleasant than
those prevailing in this country"
Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1903-01-23

A remarkable revelation of child la
Dor in this city is about to be made
which many who have studied the
matter declare will show that more
child labor exists in New York than in
ull the states of the south combined. 1t
will be a revelation of children put to
work under the legal age through the
widespread perjury of parents; Of chill
dren growing up illiterate under the
Shadow of New York's great public
schools; of children stunted in mind
and body by hard work and long hours
In their growing years and of whole
host of "outlaw" children protected by
no law whatever.
The facts on which this revelation is
based have been gathered in the last
six months by the child labor commit
tee of New York. Last May the settle
ment workers of the city organized for
taking concerted action ON the child la
Dor question. A child labor committee
was appointed, with Robert Hunter,
head of the University Settlement, as
chairman. This committee has since be-
come an independent body backed by
about 100 of the strongest philanthro-
piss and reformers in New York.-New
York Tribune.
Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1903-01-23

that course, for one by one the we'll
known symptoms of the disease left
her. Words cannot express my graft
tude, and cannot too earnestly recon-
mend this great medicine. Her rec0v-
cry was entirely due to Favorite Rem
edy, which was the only medicine taken
after her case was abandoned by the
physicians" DIR. David Kennedy S Fa-
vorite Remedy has never yet failed
where the disease was within the range
of medicine.
Hundreds of men and women with
that "run down" condition, unable to
work, have recovered health and
strength through this remarkable REM
edy 1t purifes the blood and stirs the
liver and kidneys to healthy action.
In cases of rheumatism, kidney, liver
and urinary troubles it is we'll known
specific.
If you suffer from kidney, liver or
bladder trouble in any form, diabetes,
Bright's disease, rheumatism, dyspep-
sia, eczema or any form of blood dis
ease, or, if a woman, from the sick
nesses peculiar to your sex, and are not
already convinced that DR.. David Ken
nedy's Favorite Remedy is the medi-
cine you need, you may have a trial
bottle absolutely free, with valuable
medical pamphlet, by sending your
name, with postoffice address, to the
DR.. David Kennedy Corporation, Ron
dout, N. Y, mentioning this paper.
DR.. David Kennedy's Favorite Rem
edy is for sale by all druggists at 81
bottle or bottles for $5-less than one
cent dose.
Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1903-01-23
As to Anaconda.

The case of Anaconda illustrates the
fact that the lot of the outclassed horse
is pretty hard one, even If he be out
classed by but the least trifie, as Ana
conda is. The "snake boss" can still
pace several heats in row around 2:02
and 2:03. But unless he catches him
off he can't beat Prince Alert, and he
must meet him every time he starts
next season.
A great many people do not expect to
see him beat Audubon Boy next sum-
mer and perhaps two or three others
that might be named. If he races on
the grand circuit he will probably
have to be content with second or third
money as general thing, which is not
particularly glorious nor especially
profitable.
But there is practically nowhere else
for him to race, for he can beat all the
second class PAGERS so easily that they
would not enter nor race against him
In the free for alls ON the minor tracks.
Just where to place him becomes, there
fore, problem.
The general impression is that he is
difficult horse to drive and not an
ideal roadster. But for that he would
probably find his way into some speed
way stable. He has won nearly 100
heats in standard time and probably
twenty-five in 2:05 or better, his earn
ings reaching close to $4,000.
Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1903-01-23
Career of Champion Keane.

Figure or fancy" skating is one Of
the most difficult branches of the game
to master. Years Of persistent practice
are required before man can perform
creditably. DR.. Arthur G. Keane, the
present champion of the United States,
has successfully defended the title for
four consecutive years, and the indica-
tions are that he will continue to hold
it for some time.
DR.. Keane is native of New York
city and, strange to say, has never
competed outside of that city. In 1893
he defeated George d. Phillips, who
had held the leadership for several
years and who worsted Keane in 1896
and 1897.
Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1903-01-23

Britt's record was interesting. After
trimming all the men In his own class
he went afield for bigger game and
even to taking ON 160 FOUNDER.
Britt got tired of winning medals.
and In the professional ranks he
thought he could make considerable
money. His first professional mill was
with Toby Irwin before the Acme Ath-
letic club of Oakland, Cal. 1t lasted
fifteen rounds, and it was evident that
Irwin had met his master.
The next fight was with Tim Heg-
arty, the Australian boxer, who came
to this country to lose the big reputa-
tion that he had won on his own heath.
Timothy was knocked out cold In the
eighth round by one of Jimmy's lefts
and has not done much since.
The third contest was with the ia
nous Kid Lavlgne, the Saginaw Won
der. Britt beat him to a standstill In
eight rounds, and the Michigan boys
brother threw up the sponge to save
him from a knockout and serious in
Jury.
Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1903-01-23
FOR THE CHILDREN


"Here, Bunny, Bunny, Bunnyw It
was the day of the first snowfall Of
this season, and the woman who called
was one Of the many women who find
pleasure In going to Central park daily,
carrying with them bags of nuts with
which to feed the squirrels that find
their homes there.
AS she called there was a flash of
gray, whisk of bushy tail, and there
appeared before her lively little ro-
dent with his tiny hand raised dramat-
ically to his breast A dull, white eye
ball told the story of sightlessness In
one eye.
to an interested onlooker. as the squir-
rel began feeding, you see, when these
little one eyed pets are eating they al
ways sit with the blind side toward
their benefactor while devouring the
dainty given them. Do you know why
that is?
"Well." she explained, throwing the
squirrel another nut, "they are con-
scious that they are near a friend and
need not watch her closely, SO they
keep a sharp lookout on the other side
for stray dogs or other enemies"
True enough. Even as the woman
spoke one of the many dogs that take
their daily airing up and' down the
walk by the West drive escaped from
its young mistress and. with its leader
dangling, made dash for the squirrel.
There was another fash of gray, a
whisk Of bushy tail and sharp
squeak Of fear as the wary little crea-
ture with the one eye darted away to a
safe bough to blink and chatter and
finish his peanut in safety.
"Are there many of these blind squir-
rels In Central park" asked the on
locker of the woman, who seemed
versed In squirrel lore.
'There are a good many, I'm afraid.
You see, 1t Is the work of mischievous
boys who come here to the park with
slingshots, diabolical little instruments
of wood and, rubber, and deliberately
shoot out the eyes Of these harmless
creatures. However, the policemen
keep sharp lookout for such boys,
and their misdemeanors are becoming
fewer, as they have learned that park
policeman swings his stick with much
vigor."-New York Tribune.
Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1903-01-23

A small boy was travelling with his
father on an accommodated" train. A
stop was made at little distance from
a country station and the rear cars left
standing on curve while the engine
and forward cars went on to do some
switching.
The laddie became restless and slip
ped away from his father and was
soon hanging half out of window in
the rear of the coach. Presently his
surprised little face reappeared, and he
shouted to his father:
ooh, papa, papa, the train has all
come unbuttoned'
Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1903-01-23
DR.. DAVID KENNEDY's SALT aHEUM CREAM cures
Skin or Scrofulous Diseases. soc. Druggists
A Munchausen Yarn.

Baron Munchausen, when hunting
for deer upon one occasion, encountered
magnificent animal, but found him.
self without shot. Speedily gathering
together handful of cherry stones he
loaded his gun with them and fired at
the deer, hitting him squarely between
the eyes, not killing him, however. The
deer managed to escape but some time
later the baron encountered him again
and was surprised to see a beautiful
cherry tree growing out of the ami
mails forehead, covered with blossoms
and fruit
Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1903-01-23
where Flint Come. From.

You never would think of it, would
you? But I'm told that flint is nothing
more or less than sponge turned to
stone Once the sponge grew on the
bottom Of the sea, as other sponges
ago. and since then the sponge, turned
flint. has laid covered by rocks and
earth Of many kinds piled thick above
1t. Seen with microscope flint shows
the make of sponge in its fibers.
Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1903-01-23

Count Tolstoi, as is well known, al
ways wears boots of his Own making,
which boots are the admiration of the
shoemaker who taught him the trade.
But the latter was certain that the
count would starve did he endeavor to
earn living by boot manufacturing as
the work put into each pair was too ex-
cellent and slow to prove profitable.
Some time ago Count Tolstoi tried to
persuade two of his disciples, young
men of education and culture, to turn
shoemakers, but they declined.