The Ellensburg dawn. [volume] (Ellensburg, Wash.) 1898-1914, 1903-08-27
SOME INFORMATION
THE IMPORTANT INSECTICIDES
Directions for Their Preparation
Also Tells How to Use
the Same.
EXTRACTS FROM FARMERS BULLETIN 10
I,,,ed by the u. S. Department Of Agriculture
Written By c. l.. Marlatt, Assistant
EntomoIosist Read Them.

The AFSculCulS' dilS titti anu
London Purple - For all ordinary
cases, the use of these poisons in water
in the form of spray is advisable. In
the cotton fields of the south, where
prompt and economical action against
the cotton worm is essential, the dry
applications of these poisons is the more
popular. The latter form of treatment
is feasible also for low growing crops,
such as the potato but cannot be en-
Moved in the case of orchard and shade
trees,and is less satisfactory than the
use in a spray, in being wasteful, in
lacking uniformity. and in being more
apt to injure foliage.
Paris Green or London Purple-may
be used at the rate of pound to 100 to
$50 gallons of water, or ounce to 6 to
Ii gallons. The greater dilutions are
for the tender foliage of the peach, and
an average of l pound to $50 gallons of
water is a good strength for general
purposes. The poison should first be
made into thin paste in a small guam
tity of water, and more than equal
weight of powdered lime added to take
up the free arsenic and remove or les
sen the danger of scalding. An excess
Of lime will do no injury. The poisons
thus mixed should be stra ined into the
spray tank or reservoir, care being
taken that all the poison is pulverized
and washed through the meshes OF the
strainer. The use of the lime is desir-
able in the case of the peach and plum
the foliage of which, especially the
former, is very tender and easily
scalded. To the stronger foliage OF the
apple and most shade trees, Paris green
may be applied at the strength of |
pound to $50 gallons OF water without
danger; with the London purple it is
always better to use the lime.
lit is desirable to apply a fungicide
Wv VIZ ooIlC bliiCS 80 Oll lilC oPPiC III
Goblin moth and the apple scab fungus.
the Bordeaux mixture see recipes on
pages l6 and 2l may be used instead of
water, adding the arsenical to it at the
same rate per gallon as when water is
used. The lime in this fungicide neu-
tralizes an excess of arsenic, and
makes it an excellent medium for the
arsenical.
The Kerosene Washes Kero-
sene is very destructive to plant life,
but diluted it may be safely applied,
and the emulsions made by combining
1t with either soap or milk, are SO far
the most satisfactory means of diluting
it discovered.
The Kerosene and Soap Emulsion
This is made after the following form
ula:
Kerosene ............... . gallons
soap .......... ........ pound
water. .................. ! gallon
Ihe soap, first finely divided, is dis
solved in the water by boiling, and
lnen added boiling hot, away from the
IRE, to the kerosene. The whole mix
lure Is then violently agitated by pump
ing 1t back upon itself with force
ald direct discharge nozzle, throwing
stream, preferable inch in diam
eler After about five minutes pump
'ag the emulsion should be perfect, and
lne mixture will have increased from
w IN bulk, and assumed the consist
eacy OF cream. 1t should adhere to
sass without oiliness. Well made, the
emulsion will keep indefinitely, or may
W diluted for immediate application.
0reat Increase in spraying Five
years. ago practically nothing was
Auown OF this subject; in fact, the num-
''r actively engaged in spraying their
"ees' vines, etc., for such diseases as
apple scab, black rot, downy mildew
'uu other diseases of the grape did not
'"ceed half hundred all told. Now
~ ia'r estimate, probably no less
'Dau oo'OoO fruit growers are engaged
~ 'nls work. From the Atlantic to the
aclnc and from the Great Lakes to
,ue Uulf, the methods recommended
:" 'ne department are practiced every
year.
'scuniary Benefit of Spraying-Last
.'''oa TWO hundred and fifty grape
s'o"ers In different parts of the coun-
W made a series of observations with
view to obtaining some definite in
EQUATION as to the value in dollars
suu cents of the recommendations made
" 'he department in the treatment of
cape diseases. The facts reported by
."eSe lew men show conclusively that
.1' actual profit to them over all ex-
+ resulting from the treatment of
s'a'A rot and downy mildew was in
'Vuad numbers, $37, 900.
now and When to Spray-It should
ways be borne in mind that no hard
"uu last rules can be laid down for