davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1903-06-07
THE TIARAs OF THE POPEs.
There Are Now Five in the Papal Treasury
Their Great Value.

THE tiara which the executive committee presid-
ing the festivities commemorating the 1uoliee
of the pontifcate of Leo XIII presented to the Holy
Father, February 20 last as an expression OF eH-
utant jov from the whole Catholic world, Is the
work of a promising Bolognese artist, certain
Augusta Milan engraver who, both IN the con-
cepton of the work as well in the execution OF
the same. has shown himself to be an artihcer OF
the first rank says The jewellers Circular
THE tiara consists of thin plates or Leaflets OF
silver. worked together after the manner OF hsh
scales: it's form is ovod. slightly pointed at the
apex the whole being surmounted by a cross which
rests upon n diminutive globe representing 1he
world which. in its turn. rests upon small mono"
cap which Is perforated with starlike holes so as
to resemble of the armament.
The silver ovoid is divided into three sections oy
three golden crowns placed above the otner:
and in the bands which between the crowns are
frfezes wing olive branches laden with berries
bundles of leaves and twigs indscriminateiy inter
woven. which cover the base with leaves and frulr
Now in order to maintain the shape of the tiara
more nearly in conformity with those already In
existence and at the same time constructing II
wholly of metal instead of brocade. as heretofore
MiIani conceived the notion of ornament1ng IL Win
light and rich bass-reief, consisting of decorative
cartouches interaced with olive tW1gs growing at
the base and developing into full flower at the sum
nit. OF the medallions between the cartoucnes
three represent the three Popes who have occupied
the Papal chair for the longest periods VIZ 81
Peter. Plus TX and Leo Kill the present incun1-
BENT two of the medallions also contain the Oates
and the dedcatlons, while the third presents tfe
figure of angel All of silver lattice or srlie
work. and the may be said of the nedallons
in the upper part which present the figure of the
Redeemer and the seal of the holy year at the back
of the tiara -,
1.-The three crowns arranged one above the oIner
are executed in full relief and maintain the heraidiG
character of the tiara. being further ornahentsu @
with garlands of flowers and foliage In the re-
spective bands are engraved the following noioeS'
I f2T R5y1N9 0v 5Kg EASE6GRSTSE AGTE
.sBetween the upperrnost crown and the surmount-
ing globe perforated zone rendered necessary
In order to tighten the weight of the tiara "IicH
turns the scale at exactly one kilo. Mianl coud IN
no better way have overcome the great dffncultes
which presented themselves ana ms WoIk uoess
great honor italian art The tiara is estimated
be worth 4000-
New-York tribune., 1903-06-07

might appear In the first place, elevated struct-
ure would cost more than an ordinary road This
The line would be exceptionally expensive. Second
ly. enormous amount of current would be needed
to energize the magnets Mr.. Albertson thinks that
this would be considerably less than would be re-
quired for moving the same train by methods now
in vogue. There is chance. though for experts to
disagree. Not until the matter tested could the
truth be aScertained.
1t must be forgotten that the power of a mag
net varies in certain ratio with distance. If the
ure on the under edge of the girders the magnet
ism might be sufficient keep il there. If the pole
were detached and removed TO distance OF even
quarter of an inch the pull would be diminished
OF course. it would not be feasible. If the train
moved at fifty miles hour. to allow contact
between magnet and girder. because of friction 1t
traction fine not to have any rubbing what
Hence it would be necessary to interpose
take up the friction and to fend the magnets off for
a suitable distance. Such separation when
reduced TO minimum would nevertheless dimin
sh the lifting power of the system, and consequent
ly call for more electricity.
Even If exact balance between the weight Of
empty and the upward pull of the ma gnets were
of passengers. whose number and positions inside
would be subject to constant change. These inc
qualities would count for little In the amount of
power needed to run the train. but might seriously
interfere with ease of operation and open UP long
series of embarrassments for the reason just given
Again. there is still much doubt about the effects
of atmospheric resistance when speeds of
hundred miles attempted. Fast express trains
have Spurted for minute at time a
such velocites. II is said that the Enlpire State
Express covered - mile at the ra tie Of
l20 miles an hour. But no one knows whether
BILE; much less any tell what difficulties
would be encountered at three hundred miles
hour.
Mr.. Aibertson,s pretty dream may never be real
ized II Is not likely 10 receive serious consideration
by capitalists electrical engineers it Is not
so crazy as many Of the projects which the world
hears about
New-York tribune., 1903-06-07
A WONDERFUL RULE.
Meriden Architects Invention a Boon for
Mechanics

H. NJ Jones architect of this city. has pro
duced a remarkable invention in the shape OF a
mechanics pocket measuring rule, which he
has been studying for several years.
He has taken cheap. common rule and with
out increasing diminishing its original size.
weight. appearance original usefulness con-
venience has produced a rule that will give the
length and levels of the ends of all kinds of braces
rafters
1t will square off board square and lay out
a cellar. make OctagOn square nlitre. 1t
will tell the height of any building elevation.
the depth of any valley or chasm. the width of
any street or stream. or both Anchor boat in the
middle of river. and the rule Will tell how far ii
is from the shore; rOofer can tell the dmen
sions of any roof while standing the ground:
it will measure anything in sight. whether in
reach or not it will give the length of any
straight or santtng line. ii solves ali the prob
lens in geometry and trigonometry the mechanic
is ever called upon to solve. The Improvement
be attached all kinds Of rules in whether of
the French or English systems, and to d rule
while making. One cent per rule viii pay the cost
of the improvements: to a rule already made 1t
will cost two cents rule.-(NeTden Journal.
New-York tribune., 1903-06-07
DIZZY RAILROAD SPEED.
An Original Scheme for Making Three Hun
dred Miles an Hour

A bold plan for securing unprecedented veloctties
on a railroad has been heard OF at intervals for the
last two years While its practicability is exceed
ingly doubtful, the ingenuity displayed by its in
entities II to Not only does he talk
OF travelling three hundred miles hour. and
crossing continent in less than half dav, but
be proposes method which first appeals strong
ly to the fancy.
that would be feasible overcome gravita ton
by powerful magnets. and thus reduce the weight
Of his train practically nothing Having thus got
haul the cars with a small expenditure of power.
Mr. Albertson has allowed himself to think that the
speed already referred to might be secured with a
one horsepower engine
It would necessary to adopt elevated road
for the system. This should take such form that
enormous magnets, hung from the cars, would
reach down under the metal girders OF the struct-
ure These would be electro magnets, energiZed by
the current that supplied to the moving train.
Their poles would point upward. and their attrac-
ton would pull them up toward the girders. The
connections with the being rigid. the lifting
effort of the magnets would tend to raise the coach.
II the inventors intentions fully carried out
the magnets would be numerous and powerful
enough to overcome the whole weight of the
vehicle. The latter would be provided with small
wheels. like those ordinary cars, 10 sustain the
weight when the train stationary and when
the current turned off from the magnets. Rails
for These to rest on would be needed. too. How
ever, In theory It would only be the wabblfng side
wise against which It would be necessary to pro-
vide safeguards
New-York tribune., 1903-06-07
A YANKEE SNAKE CHARMER.

Stamford. Conn. June 6 (speciaD.-Most persons
have no liking for snakes. They will go a long
way around one of the small. striped variety by
ing in the centre Of the country road rather than
get anywhere near il. What the cause of this
innate repugnance 10 the reptiles that seems to he
part of the makeup OF nearly every human be-
ing is an unanswered question: but there is no
doubt about the feeling. Naturalists say that
snakes occupy a position OF much value to man
and beast in the economy of nature DESTROYING
.any things that would be harmful to both II nor
got cut of the way. Occasionally. however n
woman can be found who likes the com
papy OF snakes and who makes pets of them Earl
Severance. OF this city. seems to haze q wonderful
New-York tribune., 1903-06-07
ROSES TO PAY THE RENT.

Two beautiful roses. red and the other
white were paid to Dillwyn Wistar. of PhiIadel-
phia. this afternoon at the annual feast of roses
at Tupehocken Reformed Church. The presenta-
ton was made by little Edith Troth WeIker
daughter of the Rev. J. ". WeIker. the pastor. and
in accepting the payment Mr. WIstar made an
address
In the eighteenth century Casper Wistar gave
the congregation d tract or land for a church and
it stipulated that there should be an annual
payment of the red rose as rent.
This condition forgotten until nearly two
years ago great festival was held last
year. Recently new 800 pipe organ was placed
In the church and 81, ,gs0 contributed toward
its payment by the descendants of Casper Wis
tar of Philadelphia.
Becailse of this the congregation decided to nay
10 the Nistar descendants a white rose annually
on Whit-Monday. Hence the payment OF the two
roses to-day.~lP Philadelphla Record,
New-York tribune., 1903-06-07
PLAN A NEGRO EMPIRE IN HAYTI.
Want the Eloquent Yale Colored Under
graduate for Leader.

Yale recently bestowed the Henry James Ten
Eyck prize for oratory on a negro. William PICK
ems of Little Rock. Ark. the first of his race who
has ever secured the coveted reward. He is a
Junior in the university.
In his prize winning speech Mr.. Pickens argued
that the negroes Of Hayti were unable to govern
themselves and that the intervention of the United
States was necessary for their welfare.
For some time l have taken keen interest
In the affairs of Hayti Island, which have been
for so long in a very chaotic state" said young
Pickens the other day. 1.-The people there about
the most uncivilized nation in the vicinity of the
United States. They absolutely unable to
govern themselves, and If the present state OF
affairs continues for any length Of time the whole
nation will annihilate itself.
1T is surprising to that my country
men of my own planning to intervene
feet the plans of this tunta which the c9fore9
most intellectual ColOred men of the country, are
forming down South but they are III earnest. anu
matter coolly and logically not allowing their heels
to carry away their heads Down in Sturgls, Ky,
Afro-American empire with its seat of government
in Hayti and its power embracing the entire Carib-
bean Sea. and l have been asked to become the
"a few davs ago received letter from n. l..
Musgrove, secretary of the iunta- Musgrove
outlined a scheme for American negroes to conquer
Hayu in the midst of one OF its revolutionary up
papers and seeing the interest took in the mat
ter decided that / was the one best fitted lead
thin in carrying out their purpose ..,,.e,.,
and help raise money for the junta To equip an
army. lease warship. transports etc tinaiy
Sons of Freedom who are to eventually place il
un6er the protection of the United States
strong branches in the South and is invading the
North. have not expressed my willingness to be
their ruler upon the consummation of their plans;
but have been deeply interested with their ideas
New-York tribune., 1903-06-07
THE SIBERIAN FUR INDUSTRY.

The leading markets for Siberian tC-s are IrAit
one thousand miles east of Mosr,v and r-j miles
of the J-ral Mountains. ard Ni1rs E.vr1~oG
where annual fairs are held. Th- fair at Trnir IS
held in February each year crd that at Mini
Novgcrod in July and August The forr--r IS rnucI
the largest and has just closed. jEe supply of fes
consisting of bear. gluten. lynx. alk reindeer
stag musk deer. fox. sable. mlrtc1. mink err1ire
polecat. squirrel. Alpine wolf and blue silver a5i
red fox and two kinds Of Wildcats i-diS-
enOUS to kamchatka- The Siberian uta X hare
has become very scarce. we'll as blue fox which
brings about 50 per fell
The supply not equal 20 that Of former years
The number of buyers from all the leading CAPITALS
of Europe and America increased and prices vo-s
higher which is attributed in part fact th7-
the world has adopted the American fashion o5
wearing furs outside instead of IS Innings which
requires better skins
Although Russian company ENJOYS The ruouot.9-
" OF catching Alaska seals. they are all sold in
London, and none are to be found in the Russian
market. 1t is claimed by the Ieadins experts Tb3t
unless Russia. the United States E;nsland canada
and Japan agree to put stop to peIaCir sea lina,
seal fells will disappear from The market
Previous TO September 1902 Russian squirrel feliS
were only used Innings for ladies' Slubas bur
the demand al the Mini Novgorod f5iv dirinas
the undressed skins ton which there is no. duty
In America) sell at from 10 to 30 cents each. II
for cap. % to 40 for a boa. and . TO l0 for a
nuf- Pale squirrel tails sold s. IS A poOd t36 ~
White foxes are sold at S. each. Undressed Saols
skins sell from SO to So" each and il requires from
80 to 100 to make Jacket 50 50 for a cap TO Il
for boa, and to for muff.
Sable and eruine faVorira fIrS .vi
those VINO can aItord 20 purchase the best
Lccal merchants at IrkutSk purchase n consider
able quantity OF furs from hunters and trappers.
as 90 All merchants throughout Siberia, which. r
not shipped direct TO Moscow and St PetershJrg
md their way to the annual fair IrbiJ iu Fob
ruary, where the leading fur houses Of the world
Consular Reports
New-York tribune., 1903-06-07
CHURCH BELL RUNe BY LIGHTNING.

Lightning struck the steeple and rang the bell
in the tower of the Diamond Street Baptist Church
in a recent storm A portion Of the steepIe was
split. and the lightning rod melted in parts
There brief pause following the descent or
the electric bolt against the church then came a
crash OF thunder that startled the 1eGhbOrhoOd for
two squares every side. Windows shivered AMI
and women believing their homes had
been struck. rushed trembling into the street.
Those living in the square where the church IS
situated heard a single and heavy stroke OF the
bell The whole town Guivered with the shock ON
the Thirty-frst-st side of the eGifce shower OF
broken stones and mortar fell JeTTuEiZIng Tor the
moment several pedestrians. who were 1urTylnS
hOnewaTd the which that mo-
rnent coming down i'm torrents. Persons WHO
had seen the lightning strike felt sure that the
church fire. although no blaz' vas discern
lbIe. The impression grew aTu"H@ the spectator,
and little later the excitement WIS iuter~l1et
when fire engines. hose carts and hook and ladder
trucks came dashing by. hut none "f 'hese ~.episd
at the church a superficial aNamiv9t50u OF ths
church in the darkness did reveal ans -re1+
dana age.-( (PhiiadeIphfa Press
New-York tribune., 1903-06-07

valued at s4 500 in the making of which the great
est care had been taken to collect whatever gems
could be traced to the destroyed Papa caps In this
wise. amid the eight rubies and twentyfour pearls
sparkles a marvellous emerald of 40 carats of
the finest in the world, worth $500 900, which had
been added by Gregory XIII TO the already sump-
tuous tiara Of julius II.
This valuable crown often pledged TO defray
the war expenses of the pontiffs of those days It
unfortunately fell into the hands of the French
soldiers at Rome. in 179S and for a long time no
trace whatever could be found of any of the treas
ures 1t contained until the matchlesS emerald
discovered in museum. In this tiara rubies and
pearls enrich two pendants fringed with gold. and
twelve brf1iantS flash the small cross erect on
the top of the orb. The design of each coronet is
different Two gold cords fasten to the mead this
tremendously heavy cap which weighs eight
pounds This tiara is. however. more majestic in
appearance than the graceful and delightfully."- light
one OF only three pounds sent to Plus IX by Queen
Isabella of Spain. in 1856. In this model. which
$4,000. three COronetS exactly alike * is Il
perfect dazzling 1000 brilants and nine
teen precious stones and sapphires cover the
CupOa'
New-York tribune., 1903-06-07
4 LIVING MAP.
Eew.Medco Welcomed President Roosevelt
with Il

One Of Shs unique things presented TO tbs view
NJ President Roosevelt during his Western trip
nurred IA the exercises at Albuquerque, n. NJ
Anout one hundred and fifty feet IN front of the
epeaker's stand erected Immense platform.
containing q prodigtous map Of the United States.
hnc1ined upward te be n full view OF the
president and his party. 1t was inclosed with a
esnopy OF bunting. flags. etc, and had little girl.
dressed and labelled to represent each State stand
tnE upon the respective State maps Just outside
y low railing Fl front stood Q little girl with
tended hands appealing for admission to Uncle
sam who stood on the inside, opening the gate
with one hand and handing the little maiden star
with fhe ether. The tabeau was known as the
pTyang map" Every member Of the Presidents
party was interested In the sentiment exe1npn1ed
byt
New-Mexico has been part Of the public do
main since IszS and has had forty-sir bills, run
saing through half century OF time before
congress .n an effort 20 come into the Union Her
nicials to-day assert there about four hun
dred thousand people IN the Territory. More than
Thousand miles Of railroad have been built since
the last census was taken one hundred and fifty
postofices have been added TO the Territorys list
during that same time, and one-third millions
Of acres Of land have been entered homesteads
by settlers. and the mining CATTLE sheep lumber
and other Industries have taken great forward
strides. The people Of the Territory will reopen
the Statehood fight in the coming Congress The
Territory has a population eight times that Of
Nevada. four times that Of Wyoming, three times
that Of Idaho larger than that of Vermont,
large as that OF Utah and Montana and almost
equl that OF Oregon In size # Will be the fourth
New-York tribune., 1903-06-07

power Of charming them. He Is a young man Oh
twenty-three and he seems to like nothing better
than handling snakes His favorte resort when not
engaged In business is at Roxbury, a rocky. WIG
region about miles north of the city There ls
a chasm among immense powders. Rarely VIII
anybody venture 1t at any season of the year
though It Of natures curiosities in this re
gion, but in the summertime no one goes there put
Earl Severance. Seated small. rounded
rock ne will whistle low, soft notes. In rev
moments black heads protrude from the crevices
and then slowly the wriggling bodies begin TO ap-
pear, and the snakes approach the charrner he
selects those which please him. places them in
bag and brings them home as sndifferontiy as
though they were hens. The reptiles are of the
variety known as black snakes. and some W them
are fully seven feet long by actual measurement
Mr.. Severance caught $50 last year in the Roxpury
chasm. which he gave to museums and other ap-
plicants for them.
New-York tribune., 1903-06-07
FACTS ABOUT PATENTS.

Some one has unearthed the interesting fact that
the first patent ever issued in this country was
granted TO one Samuel Winsow. in 164l. for manu-
featuring salt The grant was made by the Massa-
chusetts Bay Colony for ten years. and was condf-
tional upon Mr.. Winslows completing his plant
within a year Later. under the Articles OF Con-
federation. the States permitted to issue pat
ents INDEPENDENTLY. as the original colonies had
done The hrst patent granted by the United States
as a nation was Issued TO Samuel Hopkins OF Yer
mont VINO claimed protection for method OF max
ing pot and pearl ashes According to recent esti-
mates by the Commissioner OF Patents II three
dourths to seven,elghths OF the manufacturing cap
t or the United States Is based less direct
" upon patents incidentally It may bs potad that
New-York tribune., 1903-06-07
SILVER TIARA RECENTLY PRESENTED TO POPE LEO XIIL
publishers

the number Of applica tions fled at the Patent
ONCE in sixty-hve years from LSS' t. ls' reaches
patents actually issued in this country from th-
time OF the earliest records TO December 81. ll, lS
7OoSA The nearest approach TO this by foreign
countries is Frances record of o 90 grants from
records texten6lng. OF course
much further into the past that those q this
the close of the 1901 Great Britain
follows with record OF 294.75S while Germany
total is only 144G39 Although this comparison
would seem to rebound to the credit OF Americal
alertness and enterprise. it should be rene ere1
that has been. until recently. much IS difficult
to secure patents here than abroad The grand
total Of patents by the nations Of the world
up the time of the last compilation. in 1901, is
2.0S7.812-(Harper's Weekly
New-York tribune., 1903-06-07
sMooNsHINE" WHIsKEY IN ARKANSAS

hot Springs. Arh. June CspeciaD.-Sone weeks
ago six men were poisoned by drinking too much
.smoonshine" whiskey out in the wildcat region
west OF here, IN the adjoining county OF Nontgon-
ery, and since then the federal officers have re-
newed their efforts IN an endeavor TO run down
snd put IN jan the makers Of the Illegal louor
The country is mountainous and there are several
counties with railroads After much hard work
OF the sinners John Brumley and RoII,,
Moore and their still. found by the officers ON
May q. after all nights vigil in the remote mart
Of the mountain fastness The still the cantors and
New-York tribune., 1903-06-07
UNNAMED BY A VOLCANO

AT the last reception of the Royal Society
number of photographs Of the eruptions in St Vim
cent and Martinique were displayed. One picture
represented stone axe which Is said to have been
thrown into the crater. with numerous Others. by
the natives when they were vanquished in a battle
at the end of the seventeenth century. That axe
was thrown out by the recent eruption. apparently
in perfect condition. (En gine ering
New-York tribune., 1903-06-07

The locomotive when In active service would de-
pend gravitation TO get q grip the rails
Ordinarily Therefore. it would have no use for
trains. perhaps it might be thought desirable TO
tighten its weight slightly Accordingly. this ma
chine may also be provided with magnet like
those under the cars. The method by which the
engine would obtain its current would be mma-
terial. A trolley wire third rail storage bat
terry might serve Some contact system, drawing
distant power house. would be preferable because
a conductor would be required to energize the mag
nets.
When begins to study this attractive scheme
he finds that it is not pie and economical as
New-York tribune., 1903-06-07

In 1885, for his episcopal golden jubilee, Leo
XIII received from Paris another grand tiara,
composite emblem originally meant to typfy Purity.
CHASTITY and Power, and to which were gradually
added two coronets to indicate the prerogatives of
spiritual and temporal power combined in the
Papacy, while third afterward added to
symbolic the Trinity we'll as the supremacy of
the ponttf on the three parts of the world and his
triple title of Father, Prince and King of His
People
There five tiaras in the Papal treasury.
and these only date from Napoleon. the oldest and
most costly having been lost through the vicis
STUDIES Of and revolution. Napoleon kind
of compensation gave splendid one to Plus VI.