davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The labor world., 1903-08-22
ENGINEERS AND FIREMEN HAVE
NOT FORMULATED DEMANDS

ST. PAUL, August 1S.-The Great
Northern firemen and engineers are
still in session. but have made no for
NAL demands on the management of the
system for increased pay. The firemen
have organized and are at work for
mulating the matters which are to oe
presented to general manager Ward.
The engineers are holding regular ses-
sions, but have not completed the pre-
liminary work of drafting thSamatters
that are to be taken up.
1t is stated that the committees will
be able to call for a conference with
the management toward the end of the
week, or early next week. From the
most definite information obtainable
it is inferred that the principal matters
to be taken up will relate to new wage
schedules. The committeeman consis-
tently refuse to talk, and their sessions
are executive.
The labor world., 1903-08-22
SUPERIOR ObEYS
CHILD LABOR Law
o. N. CaIef Says Few Cases Of VIOLA
ton Are Reported in This City,.
Manv in Milwaukee.

"Nowhere in Wisconsin are the laws
regarding the employment Of children
more rigidly enforced than in Superior.
With all the factories, stores and mills
here there are but few under the pre-
scribed age at work. This was the
statement of o. N. Calef, the labor
leader, to the News Tribune in discus
sing the situation yesterday. He con-
tinued:
"This condition is due partly to the
fact that the different labor organiza-
tions, as we'll as the factory inspectors,
are on the lookout for violations. 1t
| is true that in some factories in Supe-
! rior boys are at work-some of them
| under IA years Of age. They are not
J employed throughout the year, but only
! during the school vacation. AS soon
as school begins nearly all will leave
| their present employment and return
| to their studies.
''In some of the larger cities of the
state, notably Milwaukee, Oshkosh, Eau
Claire, Kenosha, where there are many
factories, the employment Of infant la
Dor is reported. In those places en-
ployers are protesting against the pres
ent child labor laws and in some of
! them the state labor commissioner is
blamed for the strict enforcement Of the
| laws"
Prior to the session of the legislature
last winter there were reported to be
no fewer than 1000 children employed
in the different cities Of the state
These were mostly under the age OF
IA years and a majority of them were
at work in Milwaukee. The legislature
passed a more stringent law which has
had the effect of reducing the number
while the inspectors are able to exer-
else greater firmness in enforcing tn,
| law.
The labor world., 1903-08-22
FALLS 70FEfTAl
IS STILL In !
St, Paul Laborer Shoots Throu.
and Lights on a Pile y
Stones,

ST. PAUL, August 1S.-A, IA
,aborer employed in the con,trnI
the Foley Bros. & Kelly bui,i
Fourth and Broadway, was ~
If not fatally, injured by a fail /
Moe was working on a der;
the third floor Of the frame. 4
The derrick broke and Moe
tween the beams of the floor ];
the entire distance to the base,
fall of 10 feet, without strikin
thing on the way, and fell on /
and shoulders on a pile of ston
pings. \
Moe was unconscious when nj,
hv the other workmen. The mi
bulance was called, and he ],
moved to the city hospital. He
ed a severe cut in the side Of Il
and apparently internal injur,
extent Of which have not beer
tained. Moe is single.
The labor world., 1903-08-22
A Strike of Early Days.

The antiquity of trades unions or of
their ancient and medieval equivalents
is a we'll established fact, but that the
peculiar manifestations Of the perpe-
tual struggle between labor and capt.
tai through which we are now passing
are paralleled in other times is not so
generally known, says Burton ]. Hen
drick in a New York paper. The build
ers' strike Of 1903, however, could pro-
ftably be compared to a prolonged
'stand out" of journeymen cordwain-
ers on Manhattan Island in the year
Of grace 1909. 1t is evident from the
interesting records bearing upon this
notable war of employers and employed
that not only are the methods of trades
unions not particularly new, but that
there is no great novelty in their ter
minology. "To strike was the favor
ite word to describe the drastic pres
sure brought to bear upon the mas
ters, and when we find that one of the
charges brought against the recalcf-
trant curdwainers was that they ap-
piled the "opprobrious term Of scab"
join their association we seem to be
Oll lIOuCll SIOu1lN'
The word "scab" was used not only
as a noun, but as a verb. Thus a back
sliding union man who had been ex-
PEELED from the organization was said
to have been "scabbed." The sympa-
thetic strike, the organization of en-
ployerS to meet the eXaCt1OnS Of work.
ingmen, the prosecution of the lead
ers on the charge of conspiracy, all
these were successive steps in the Ia
Dor struggle which excited the little
cry of New York a hundred years ago.
It was some time in the year 1905
that the journeymen cordWainers or
shoemakers-of the city organized
themselves into a "society" or "club''
for the purpose of mutual benefit and
for mutual protection against the "ty-
ranny of capital" The constitution
drawn up on this occasion is a for
midable document. The initiation fee
was fixed at "43k cents" and the
monthly dues at "6A cents The
money thus paid was to be deposited
in the United States bank, to be kept
as a munition Of war in case Of a
''standout." The secretary's salary
was the modest sum of dollar a
month. Penalties were attached for
failure to attend meetings regularly
upon members of the craft from other
towns who did not promptly join the
association and upon all apprentices
who were backward in pledging their
allegiance. Another rule was that pro-
viding a schedule of fines against
members who used abusive language
to their brothers in the society room
The keystone of the whole organiza-
ton, however, is found in the eighth
article of the constitution, which is
| worth quoting in full.
| mo member OF this society shall
work for an employer that has any
journeyman cordWainer or his appren.
ti.a.-i a,a.z- lat ::
l1slQnR. .ioa this society, unless the touf
4tz.xIs..S -
The labor world., 1903-08-22

not Joined this 50 betty an not
port the same to the presfAent tfhe
first meeting night after it cS>ses,F Fto
his knowledge he shall pay fine Of
one dollar 80
BY a. rule of the society it was pro-
Vlded that no master cordwainer
should have more than two apprenti-
ces. A schedule of "society wages"
was also drawn up.
For the four years following their
organization on these lines the Jour-
neymen cordWainers kept compara-
lively quiet Whether they had every-
thlng their own way history does not
relate, but it was not till the fall of
loo9 that they felt called upon to put
tnelr elaborate machinery in motion.
ABOUT the latter port of October in that
year. however, their troubles accumu-
lated thick and fast. Their first eriev-
ance was directed against one James
Corwin and one Charles Aimes. master
coroWalners, who had in their employ
certain Edward Whitess. The latter
had formerly been union man in good
standing, but had broken one of the
rules OF the organization and been fined
$2. Whitess refused to pay this fine
ana was promptly dismissed, or, in the
language OF the day, he was "scabbed :"
Again 1t was discovered that certain
employers had more than two appren
'lces IN their shops, which was in di-
rect violation of one Of the most sacred
principles of early nineteenth century
trades unionism. The wages paid bv
several of the masters were also not in
accordance with the scale, and there
were numerous minor grievances Of a
lalnlllar character. Here, therefore.
were sufficient grounds for several Ia
Dor strikes, and the cordWainers of
that day decided to force the issue
Inc nrst demonstration was against
the employers of Whitess. Messrs
Almes & Corwin, the employers in
question, were notified to DISCHARGE the
scab.>
They did so, but the latter. navino
MS fine and thus being reinstated was
re-enployed. He was evidently an old
otlehoer' however, for he was soon in
arrears again and was again thrust
from the sacred circle. This time
Almes refused to dismiss him. His
pullishinent was what was known az
strike against the shop'-that is
II was Mr.. Aimes' establishment alono
which was affected. Messrs. Corwin E.
Almes, however, went on the ouiet to
otner shops and had their work nri-
Vately done. This was not the on1v
grievance against the master cord-
"a1ners. 1t was alleged that thew fol-
lowing the very good example of the
Journeymen, had formed a union Of
thelr own for the purpose of lowering
wages and mutually protecting them
selves.
The Cordwainers' society met SOL
emmy on the 18th day of October.
lSo9, and ordered general strike
against all the master cordwainers in
town: The cordWainers in New York
were pretty evenly divided between tho
union and the non-union men. There
were about 375 in all, of whom 1875 he-
lonsed to the society. The latter. how
ever comprised practically all the hest
"orkmen in town, SO that their refusal
10 work was a serious matter to tho
masters. Whether the CITY Of Now
YORK went bootless for the succeeding
SIX months or was compelled to have
recourse to the output of the less skill
The labor world., 1903-08-22
SHORTHAND REPORTERS NJ m1I 49,.

c1Nc1NNATI, o., AUGUST n1o+,ona]
fifth annual convention aaoc;ation. on I be-
shorthand Reporters a. assoIntd Ss here today
gan a session Of four .oays was delivered
The T address Of welcome was ssnonse by
oy:President ey Hendrick C. Ill.,
Trenton, N. ). ros,,t
The election was held today result
ing gras,dent as de" Charles c. Beatwell, BosI 'd
~ Pr9Slue W;ce nresidsnt, Jerome B. Howard l
G;nc;nnati: ton. T,re r. Morris E. Jones. Kansas st
City and Miss F1orence ~ KendricA
Louis: Secretary treasurer
e. Hill. Trenton, N. J..
The labor world., 1903-08-22

.nt,v brewing between the I'm indSpennSis %pernins
and *hs hisky 59uas quotation was dgoppsd pq"eds, to
shs s1se " the basis for fins finished xa1on the
;adtpsnSsnts ; Sset claims that stoas as the QUOTA
has has been fer some days past and has
selling goods 9sstiat a1 tno Of the quotaton con-
mittee of the board OF ~ nuotation was
suit Of which the reduceu 49, second drop
sent @ out today. This is the a sv,O weeks.
~ nr;ces made in the last wv
The labor world., 1903-08-22

1t was clear enough, therefore. con-
tlnued the advocate, that there was M
warrant In. statutory law for the pres
ent prosecution. This state. therefore
1ell pack upon the common law. which
IL was. asserted, clearly. forbade con-
1eoeracles such as the one in oues-
tlon. Mr. Sampson declared that even
the common law did not include amonp
consplrac1es the refusal of shoemakers
to work, and even If it did it was not
applicable in this country. The rest
or his argument was given up TO q
violent denunciation of the highest
common law on general principles. He
CANNED that 1t was conceived in bar
narlsm and that it could not possibly
nave 1orce IN a free country. He ridi-
culed the common law principle that
all contederacies Wrongfully to oppress
thlrd person were criminal. From
THIS the prosecution deduced the nrin-
clple that all conspiracies to preiudice
the public were criminal, upon which
the case against the cordwainers nrac.
tlcally rested. 1t is not necessary tn
go further into the details of the arg,.
ment or into the rebuttal offered hv
the attorneys for the state In spite Of
oampsons and Colden's eloquence and
learning the indictment was not dis
missed, and the case was decided
AGAINST them, as noted above.
The first attempt of the state NJ
rev York to force union men to work
and to prevent them from discriminat-
ing against nonassociated fellow work.
~, 1,siiieh was thus a complete success.
L ne coro"a1ners were forced to go back
10 thelr, benches side by side with the
Hlen Whom they had "scabbed." Tn
the hrst legal struggle between capita,
ana labor the workingman apparently
stood no chance. Evidently, however.
'he laoor unions have mode some pro-
gress IN the last hundred Years.
The labor world., 1903-08-22
"a
Etionette of the Umbreil


From the New York Press. "a
If you wish to do the real thin
adays in the brief intervals u
isn't raining, don't walk abroal
your umbrella rolled tightly AMI
cover. The cover must be left 81
pletely, and your umbrella must
rolled, naturally, and if you va
absolutely correct a wooden rol
take the place Of the steel one
We have not give" over followl
lead Of Englishmen for -o.T
this new tad probably came fml
don, for no one ever saw a ]
and more particularly the kin
Briton who gets himself in y
trated .papers-with a well roll
:brella. ,,1 ,,s..,5 RI + a A
II y
The labor world., 1903-08-22
WILL HAVE A UNION SH0p

Union men recently employed by a.
firm of machinists in Jersey Ci+v hs,,o
struck practically for a reduction fror,
so''o TO $3 for days work. The men
were brought from other points and
palo more than the union scale, but the
proprletors assert that they demand
recognition of the union, regardless of
the reduction in kages.
The labor world., 1903-08-22
Stone Singers of tho Nile.

Wiz Aye" 1Ork Tribune,
Wnen the wheat is growing in the
nelos near the banks of the Nile
Egypt great quantities of birds Of
every kind pounce down upon the
tenoer grains and would soon de-
stroy the whole crop were it not for
tne "atchful ''stone singers" These
are men who stand all day perched on
lttle platforms here and there through
OUT the fields with Sings and pebbles
smoothing any bird that comes within
reach. The work of a stone sinner i.
d regular profession in Egypt, though
a POORLY paid one, it being thought
that eimply standing all day is not
very hard labor. 1t is only a. few
weeks twice year that the stone
SINGERS can find employment.
The labor world., 1903-08-22

full men is not set down in the history
books.
According to the modern notions of
trades unions these recalcitrant cord
wainers were we'll within their legal
rights. 1t is an illustration of the pro-
gress made in public support of labor
men that the New York Of 1909 took
no such charitable view. The striking
cordwainers were regarded as enemies
Of society. Their refusal to "bottom
shoes or to make pumps with French
edges except on their own terms was
looked up as a grave infraction of law.
The great local jurisconsults of the
day spent weeks ransacking the law
books to find some ground for their in
dlctment. They burned the midnight
oil over Edward Ills statutes Of la
borers in their eagerness to apply them
to the rebellious shoemakers Of free
America; twisted old Elizabethan stat
utes regulating the wages Of working
men to apply to the present instance;
sought elusive precedents in the Eng
l1sh common law. : They worked so
hard that they persuaded grand jury
that indictments should be made, and
one day, therefore, tWenty-four jour-
neymen cordwainers found themselves
up before the justices Of the sessions
| on nine counts Of conspiracy. The
| presiding justice was none other than
De Witt Clinton, by virtue of his Of
flee as mayor, and the others were Pc
ter Mesfer and Thomas Carpenter.
Messrs. Sampson and Golden appeared
for the defendants and Messrs. Grif-
fin ro1 NIL.
! dragged along for six months, and in
July, 1910, all the accused were found
guilty by the jury. The presiding
judge, however, decided that the rebel
lious shoemalers had suffered enough.
In timing them he referred to the novel;
ty of the case; said that evidenctly the
jury by it's verdict did not intend so
much a punishment as warming. He
therefore gave some fatherly advice
as to their future behavior and let them
off with merely nominal fine of a dol
lar each.
The actual proceedings of the trial
are not especially interesting. The
facts themselves were not in dispute
None of the defendants denied that
they had been guilty of the acts al
legged. They simply maintained that
the refusal to work except on their
own terms did not constitute an act OF
conspiracy. The larger part Of the
| proceedings was thus taken up by the
learned counsel in debating this point
Mr.. Sampson, as soon as the court
convened, moved the dismissal of the
indictment, and his argument upon this
motion is the interesting feature of the
proceeding. He cited all existing stat.
utes defining conspiracy and champer.
ty and showed conclusively that nj
transaction such as that Of which hi.
clients were accused came under an!
of these heads. As to the legality O.
the acts in question Mr.. Sampson ad.
! mitted that there were certain Engisl
Il statutes which dec1ared them unlawful
hts .ylerest fis,ass sby III
The labor world., 1903-08-22
E1GIES WILL CONVENe'

NEW YORK, August 1S'-Ine l,e tra- %
hua, 1arn,, n order of Eagles will meet at
1e, Wa,nraonv n hall the first five days OF
,,ox+ - month It will be attended by rep
resentatives Of lodges IN e'e''
in the union.
The labor world., 1903-08-22
ONLY A PRINTER.

o,o,v nrinter! His finger tips
Gi1y Gilly ,1oica again to long dead nps.
GnS from a past and hoary axe
Pncaij the words of seer ana sase'
Rnt line by line he tells the taIe
mat color gives to- canvas pare
And masters old before US staiu hand
With brush and palette claspeo III "a''o
So we may see.
With patient toll. while others sleep'
He makes the ages backwaru. ea,GGItt'
And knights in armor rae ahu uaIhSt,:s IS,:s
"For God. my lady, ana the llkn''
Rut to3 by VII The e. magic of his hands
The curtain rises in all LANDS.
And actors for a season rage
Their few brief hours upon the stage
So we may see.
Onlv a printer! His magic trade,
Hath ali earth's scenes before us laid;
He moves his hands. and 10!
The world with knowledge is aRloW!
And by the magic Of his art
The futures curtain draw apart
So we may see.
Only printer? His magic spell
Preserves earth's sweeest story we'll;
Of how. on Calvary's cruel tree.
The Savior died to make men free.
A prophet he
For by his art he makes the book
Wherein the weary soul may look.
And looking. see the. promise biest
Of home and loXe' and endless rest
Eternity. eternity. sas.s
WYNN. Maupin. in Inland Printer
The labor world., 1903-08-22
..o-T1eU ANS CONVENE.

CLEVELAND, August lS.-Ihe
+1yentv-first convention of the oroer
Of Scottish Clans Of the United e'"'es
and Canada, began here today
The labor world., 1903-08-22
FIRST NATIONAL RANK

Capltal, Five Hundred Thousand
Doilars; Surplus, Five Hundred and
1tyi Thousand Dollars Savings De-
partment. Books given. Interest paid
The labor world., 1903-08-22

s. I. Levin, importer Of wines and IL
Guors, at SOL West Superior street,
Carries the very best stock s. the city
36x.ra s.hiI.. anl n we fiieinalf ia1lEIooS0o.
The labor world., 1903-08-22

,a.bse1ibe ter th,,s Lsser sss
The daily morning journal and courier., 1903-06-13
IVdLLTNGFORD.

Yesterdays storm was quite heavy and much rain fell. The heavy wind created considerable damage about the town. A large limb on an elm tree in front of Mrs. Catherine Backes house on South Main street, was blown down and fell across the trolley wire and de- layed the car for half hour or more. A young maple in Center street, in front of M. J. Buffers was broken off. A large mass of the ivy on the Con gregational church was torn off. Many other similar cases are reported in vari- ous sections.
 There is a movement on foot to have public display oe fireworks uptown on the evening of the Fourth of July.
 Rev. F H. L. Hammond will make the address at the memorial exercises of Acca naut lodge in Odd Fellows hall to-
The daily morning journal and courier., 1903-06-13
THE TALKING FISH.
Curious Sounds Made by. Various Deni-
 zens of the Deep.

Curious Sounds Made by. Various Deni-
 zens of the Deep.
 The historical dame who angrily re- fused to believe her sailor sons narra- tive of flying fish would have been in clined to take up the poker if she had come across Professor Holder. For this patient investigator of things oth- CT people do not notice announces that there are something like seventy differ ent kinds of fish which produce sounds. Most people have heard of the grunting carp, but no one but Lewis Carroll could have dreamed that there is fish which wanders about saying 'umph, umph, umph,'' and another which marches through the silent places of the deep saying bloom, boom, boom. V We can imagine how this latter, the drum fish, must make the nervous old ladies in the fish world jump as it booms into the quiet corners where they are snatching forty winks.
 The fish that says "umph' is the blue catfish, sometimes called the midship- man. Then there is the sunfish, which initiates the typewriter by rushing about chattering out "click, click, click" while the solemn dogf1sh of Newfoundland gets through life with an occasional "roik."
 In view of Professor Holders discov- cries, mute as fish is an expression which finds small support iii actual fact. Apparently fish sounds may be produced by the pharyngeal bones, but in general they proceed from the pneu- matic duct and the swimming bladder. London Globe.
The daily morning journal and courier., 1903-06-13

soon as the man whose express busi- ness it is can reach the belfry, every bell in the city begins to toll, as an ex- pression Of prayer for deliyerance, or of appeal, if the tremOr has not subsided. On the occasion described the quaking of the earth was accompanied by an awful rumbling, similar to the noise of an avalanche and in less than three minutes the church towers fell and the bells came crashing to the ground. The great effort of everybody was to keep well in the middle of the widest streets, to be more out of the reach of flying stones and timbers. and to get into the broad open space of the main plaza as the safest place; but the earth shook so that it was extremely difficult to keep on ones feet, and in their flight scores were buried under falling walls or killed by the debris that filled the air. The whole city was enveloped in clouds of dust and darkness. and above the sound of the horrible rumbling re- echoed cries of human anguish the frantic believing of beasts, the howl ing of terrified dogs and the cracking of tumbling buildings. Not single house was left entire in Arequipa, and but one church tower remained. that of Santa Catarina; but it was so damaged that it had to be pulled down. For weeks the citizens were compelled to live in tents pitched near the banks of the river, and for many days none dared to return to town, because the rumbling and shocks continued. Of course the rougher element ventured forth first, and many families whose valuables were spared by the earth quake, or were but partly buried in the debris, lost all at the hands of thieves.
 Meanwhile Mount Misti, which had not been in eruption before during the historical period, vomited forth quanti- ties of mud and lava, together with clouds of smoke, the latter completely hiding its sides from view; but through the darkness came the horrible sound of falling boulders and roar ing as of a colossal furnace. The usual calm river was rendered impossible and unfit for use by reason of its sud- den violence and sulphurous odors, while the rise in it's waters was so great and rapid that within six hours several villages in the adjacent valley were swept entirely out of existence. The sick in the hospitals and the pris-
 oners in the carcel, being unable to flee, were buried in theruins.
 FANNIE B. WARD.