davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The commercial. (Union City, Tenn.) 190?-193?, 1903-01-23

Fresh, hot Cream Bread daily at
Dahnke's.
The commercial. (Union City, Tenn.) 190?-193?, 1903-01-23

Electric door bells, battery lamps
and inside Office wiring put in on
short notice and first-class Rtyle.
phone So CT. Watson +.
The commercial. (Union City, Tenn.) 190?-193?, 1903-01-23

Stops the Cough and Works Off the Cold,
Laxative Bromo Quinine Tablets cure
d cold in one day. No cure, No pay.
Rrice, Is cents.
The commercial. (Union City, Tenn.) 190?-193?, 1903-01-23
entertainments at Woodland.

S. M. Stone and wife entertained
a number of their friends Tuesday
night. Alto o'clock the lads and
and lasses were invited into the
dining room, where refreshments
I IN. .>.nco41t
The commercial. (Union City, Tenn.) 190?-193?, 1903-01-23
TIME OF TRAINS At
UNION CITY.

NoRTH-BOUND.
No 3 leaves daily .. IL .33 a. M
No No I l2.40 IN
No. II. week days, mix. l.30 p
s0UTH-BOUND.
NJ 4 leaves daily. 3.38 pm
~ . 1855 am
No lis. q week days. mix. I.50 am
c. S. CLARKE,
General Manager 81. LOUIS.
N. SHEPARD, JNo. ~. BEALL, =
GEM Pass Agent, AssfGen'l PassF Agent.
NOZZLE. sT. LOUIS.
The commercial. (Union City, Tenn.) 190?-193?, 1903-01-23
Social.

THE young folks enjoyed a social
Is Charles Lasley's last Friday
,J1oht Following we're presents
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1903-02-04

The cattle men held their annual con.
vention at Kansas City few days age.
and the question of the beef trust cam.
before them, and the result of the pro-
posed merger of all the packing houses
was stated to the convention as fol-
lows:
1.-THE raisers of live stock In this
country would, II such n merger cor
poration We're formed, be compelled to
sell all their products to one purchaser,
and that purchaser would fix the prices
to be paid, the number of live stock TO
be purchased, and the places at which
they would purchase and pay for the
same"
The farmers, In the aggregate, raise
ten times the number of beef cattle
that are sent to market from the free
ranges of the West The farmers are
therefore Interested In controlling the
beef trust, for they will be more at the
mercy of the trust when they market
their stock. A large shipper of cattle,
like the great cattle barons Of the
plains, may probably be able to ar.
range the prices they will receive be-
fore the steers are shipped; but the
farmer who sends Il carload to the Chi
cago or Kansas City stock yards is. and
will continue to be, entirely dependent
upon the price that the beef trust die.
tates. No class of citizens are more in
terested in trust busting than the farm
ers, and yet n majority of them con
tinue to vote for the political party
that is allied with the trusts.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1903-02-04

storing these particles of carbon from
the carbon dioXide of the atmosphere,
which in those times, it is thought,
was in greater proportion In the air
than it is today. it naturally follows
that great and ever-increasing stores
of carbon We're being put by, not as
pure carbon alone, but chemically COM
bincd in the form of starches, oils. etc.
essential to plant growth.
But the earth was at this time in
very unsettled condition. and perhaps
after these forests had grown and de-
veloped their trees and dense foliage
and undergrowths for long periods of
time a slow and persistent subsistence
of the land would take place. AS this
sinking went on the tides would grad
ually wash in among these forests de-
posts of silt and mud, which would
increase as time went on. until the
once living and tlourishing forest was
completely submerged. And so flu
ture coal-bed was laid, which the ever
increasing weight above would event
ually along with the natural chemical
influences, convert into coal as we
know 1t. After Il time the land would
rest again, and the surface would be-
come suitable once more for plant
growth and In the course of time a
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1903-02-04

that is, not particular whether he
SWAN i'll the water or moved about on
land. He had relatives. and the whole
tribe went by the general name of
laDyrinthodants-t name being of d.
mansions to correspond with its bear
ers. Then there We're scaly, alligator
like reptiles, and the smaller fry in
cluded tree lizards, land snails, large
scorpions and spiders, cockroachps,
beetles, huge NIay-Hies, and other
marsh insects. Among things in the
seas We're the oyster, and fishes TO
which the armorcd sturgeon of today
bears some resemblance. All these left
their trademarks. so to speak. in coal.
But this is in a manner depression.
There were trees in those days. Not
the sorts we now have, but those of
less complex structure. They were tall
some of them over 200 feet, and cor
respondingly thick. They have left
| descendants, but puny ones-horse-
tails, club MOSES, ferns, are common
instances. The construction of these
trees tells us that the earth was
very damp place those days. There
was water everywhere, and in abund-
ancc. Even the air was habitually
saturated with it. The sun was hot,
and the combination made things
grow. Figure ] shows at its right a
fossil root-end Of calamte or horse
tail Of the coal period, and figure 9
modern horse-tail, actual size. Com
| parison speaks for itself. Club MOSES
were abundant. In varieties many of
which are extinct. These MOSES grew
100 feet or more tall and scattered
myrads of seed spores and spore
| cases; season after season this con
tinued. until deep and dense layers
We're formed around the roots. To-day
we get coal that is more or less COM
pletely built up Of these resinous
| spores-tlle bituminous sort frequently
| owes its brilliant and glossy appear
ance TO the presence of this resinous
matter. These big club MOSES are
termed lepidodendra. The stem or
trunk of lepidodendron is covered
with Scars where the leaf stalks were
originally attached, and these trunks
are often found standing upright in
the coal mines. with their striking
scars arranged spirally around their
whole length. The sandstones and
shales found above coal strata often
reveal fossilized portions and casts, or
impressions OF the scaly bark of these
great stems.
If we add TO the plants already men
toned certain cOniferOuS trees similar
to pines and larches, we will compre
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1903-02-04

daily match their wits and their ener-
giles. Lawyers make plans In these
rooms that will free the innocent and
punish the guilty; and promoters sell
South American mines and West AT
rican land rights. The offices of a
great Western railway system bind
the East and West with bands of steel
and commerce, and exporters send
goods from New Hampshire mills to
the Orient. An energetic man with
military carriage, after an hours con-
ference, is just completing the sale Of
an important block of land to the pro-
prletors of n great department store,
while directly above him an insignifi-
cant looking little man, wheeling ner-
vously In his chair, is outlining to con-
federate capitalists n scheme that will
give them control of n big street rail-
Say system. AT his left, in turn, sep
arated by thin partition, an engineer
is solving the problem of building
fiftcen-story building on narrow tri-
angular plot of quicksand in such a
way that no disturbances of the soil
shall shake the foundations of adjoin1
ing structures. Typewriters, rapid fire
guns OF industry, rattle away III every
corner OF the fioors. Bells. each ring
ing Tor purpose, sound IN unmuslcai
confusion on every side. Every land
ing is an EDDY IN Its swirling crowds
uiat hurry up ana down. IN ana out,
throughout the long days.
from 'he tlihe tnese men enter their
onices IN 'he morning uhtii they so Ut
hisnt, many OF them need not leave
the Duiidlng. Messenger boys rush III
ana OUT WIN messages. Is! Telegraph
caDle ana telephone they can tax with
London, san francisco, or ooth street.
as they wish. supplies are there, thelr
restaurant is there, their barber. their
newspaper, their bank, their insurance
company, their own police and detect
I've service, their own IRE department.
tneir proker' their lawyer IT is COM
pete community III itself.
AZ night the thousands drift away.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1903-02-04

new forest would spring UP, which III
due time would once more. meet the
same fate of submergehce. This again
would be followed by others uctl we
get coal stratum beneath the coal STRAIT
um, each showing the same remark
able order-first bed of clay, which
represents the soil of the ancient for
est; next the coal layer itself, repre-.
Settling the Accommodations Of the once
living vegetation, and above this the
deposits of sand and mud which have
hardened into shales and sandstones.
A second time another layer of clay Or
soil follows, and over 1t coal and sand
stone, the whole to be similarly re.
peated.
1t has been truly and frequently re-
marked that our stores Of coal repre-
sent so much fossil sunshine Of the
Carboniferous period. For the carbon
gathered during the sunlight by the
plants of this period constitutes the
great and chief source of energy con-
tained In coal, and the heat and light
given out during combustion is but
the warmth and light Of the suns rays
absorbed ages ago by the leaves of the
strange plants which we have been
considering reasserting itself as 1t
were, after lying dormant through the
countless ages.
And as we sit by our fireside and
appreciate the glowing embers while
reading our newspaper or book with
comfort and enjoyment. with our
rooms Illuminated primarily from this
same source, and our surroundings fur
Their cheered by the innumerable aes-
thetic and useful products derived
alike from coal, such as the lovely
coal-tar colors, exquisite perfumes, and
the jet, marbles, states. and sand
stones from the adjoining strata, not
to mention the comforts derived from
the numerous curative drugs that
chemists have learned to compound
from the coal-tar products, and even
sugar 800 times sWeeter than that OBJ
tanned from the cnne--indeed, the Won
derful products and benefits obtained
primarily from conl would require
pages for their mere mention; for the
Carboniferous strata was special one,
like none before or after. and yielded
more for the progress and service of
man than all the other systems put
together-we must see how vast and
farseeing are Natures schemes, and,
although these great forests grew ages
ago apparently without any special
purpose, yet on these the progress ind
social happiness of man to-day largely
depends. Nature is one vast whole
inseparably related and connected.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1903-02-04
dent should not dodge, hut play an
open, fair hand!-Atlanta Constitution.


Free Coal with String to 1t.
Didn't we give the people free coal
last winter when they were freezing?
Didn't we make coal cheap by taking
the duty off when the price got too
high2 Isn't the Republican party al
ways ready to relieve tire suffering PEG.
ple?" These are some of tke boasts
we will hear during the mart cam.
paign.
No, the Republicans have not given
lis free coal. Reluctantly, when mass
meetings We're being held; when the
press was almost unanimous for free
coal; when investigating committees
We're putting impudent questions to
the trusts and We're probing for bottom
facts, and when the winter was half
gone, the trust leaders In the Senate
and House considered 1t wise to still
the clamor somewhat by pretending to
give the people free coal. A bill was
fixed UP and jammed through both
houees of Congress in one day, giving
practically no time for debate, and alb
solutely no time to amend by putting
other trust articles on the free list.
The duty Of 81 cents per ton Will
continue In force on bituminous coal,
which is practically the only coal that
will come in. A rebate. however, will
be paid by the Treasury Department
to the importer, which will reimburse
him for the full amount of the duty
paid. AS, however, the Secretary of
the Treasury made another anarchistio
ruling which has nullified the law
Placing duty on bituminous coal.
when lie telegraphed collectors of Gus
toms to admit all coal imported OH
and after 18th inst. free of duty, un-
der tie act of 10Th inst.,' coal will vir-
tually lie free for one year, and prices
will most likely fall much more than
the amount of the duty. 1t may, how
ever. DO February before enough coal
can be Imported to supply the demand
and break the trusts prices.
One year from now, without any dis
cussion in Congress, and without any
agitation of the tariff question, the Re-
publicans hope, the rebate will cease to
be paid, and the trust will continue its
graft, temporarily suspended in defer
ence to the overwhelming sentiment of
freezing people. The trusts are still
supreme; only their political agents in
Congress have become little frighten-
ed, that's all. They expect the people
to forget all about SIS coal before the
next campaign. Will they?
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1903-02-04

bend TINT the forests of the coal pc
Rod, although largely composed of
what we now regard as insignificant
weeds, were not by any means insig-
niticant rs forests. On the contrary,
everything points to the fact that the
forests We're so dense as to be almost
impenetrable through the various
plant growths, individuals striving
with one another to get their leaves ex-
posed to the sunlight just as the liv-
ing plants in crowded situations do to-
day, for sunlight was just as essential
TO these carly plants as 1t has always
been TO all plant life. In among the
great stems We're undergrowths of
FERNS, many of which are very similar
TO sorts which flourish to-day. The
frequency with which fronds and
frondlets of ferns are seen in coal and
shnles shows how plentiful the growth
must have been. The two central ex.
aniples in the top row of figure 8 rep
resent cameo and intaglio pieces, and
when closed together these become
simply n piece of smooth, weather.
Worn stone, with its secret hidden at
the core.
Coal can he made to tell Its secrets
just as surely as can the sandstones
and shales found near 1t. 1t would be
useless to look at any casual piece of
coal to trace its vegetable origin, but
by cutting thin piece and grinding
carefully between glass with emery
and water until it becomes SO thin as
to be transparent, and then submitting
this TO microscopical examination, we
discover something as to its structure
So 1t occurs, by making sections
through all kinds of coal, we are al
most invariably able to trace their
vegetable origin from the softer vege-
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1903-02-04
Told by a Clerk.

Not long ago rubber bands were used
only In government buildings, LAWYERS
offices and by druggists, but now Won
find them serving In all sorts of shops.
Indeed, they are an important adjunct
to even the grocery dealer. They an.
swer every purpose as cord and are
very much easier to handle Besides.
they make more symmetrical parcel,
and that Is the salesman's pride. Take
the interesting box of candy, for In.
stance, the pink cord and blue cord
which for SO long n time marked the
bonbon box MS its own, has given way
to dainty ribbons, and the outside
wrapper is bound with rubber bands.
sometimes of the narrow thread-Iikc
variety, and sometimes of the wider
kind. Yes, l think the rubber band has
come to stay. don't know how much
the Irvine and cord industry have been
affected by its use. but, as far as / can
observe, it must be TO considerable
extent
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1903-02-04

table ana wood structures, until it be.
comes saturated and consolidated
eventually losing its gaseous constitu.
ents, and becoming converted into car
boniZed coal of various states of purity
rs it nears tile stages of the more pure
forms of carbon.
Given, now, that coal is consolidated
and carboniZed vegetable matter. We
have yet to find reason which shall
account for these vast beds of coal
being buried so deep beneath the sur
face Of the earth. And more than this.
how Is 1t that coal fields are found be-
meath coal fields, as in South Wales.
where no less than eighty distinct beds
of coal have been recognized? Some
times these beds are of great thick
ness, one of the most noted instances
being the famous bed of South STAFF
fordshlre, England, which was 80 feet
thick. We have glanced at the Won
derful fossilized remains of the vege-
tation of the Carboniferous period and
seen how they indicate that the for
ests of those times developed dense
masses of vegetable growth, which, so
far as quantity is concerned, would
considerably surpass all forests of the
present day. For If the whole vege-
tation of existing woodlands could be
converted into coal. 1t would probably
not make coal field of more than two
or three inches deep. Yet the various
seams In some coal areas would make
depth of from 200 to 300 feet. From
this we can estimate that these great
forests of the coal period, which de-
velopcd and stored these enormous ac-
cumulations of carbon, were something
almost beyond our Imagination. For
at present we know of no source of
carbon other than that gathered
through the agency of the green por-
tions of plants and stored in their
trunks roots, branches, etc. The green
leaf absorbs from the atmosphere the
carbon dioXide or carbonic acid gas,
which is built up of one part of carbon
chemically united with two of oxygen.
This Is decomposed by sunlight in the
chemical laboratory of the leaf and
the oxygen is given back to the at
mosphere for animals to breathe and
again consert into this same carbonic
acid gas, While the carbon Is retained
and built into the wood structure of
the plant. And rs all the myriads of
plant leaves of the great carboniferous
trees We're continually catching and
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1903-02-04
Al Yeast a stare Ha, Becn Mail.


The passage Of the free coal bill for
one Year, by both branches of Con-
gress was notable for the fact that the
Democrats In the Senate did not offer Il
single amendment, but Joined with the
Republicans in pushing the bill to an
immediate vote. The Democrats at
least deserve credit for doing some
thing which the Republicans have said
all along they would not do. 1t is new
demonstrated that tariff bill can be
brought before the Senate and quickly
passed, Notwithstanding that under the
Senate rules tariff bill Is subject to
endless amendment. 1t must lave
been distressing moment, however,
to a number Of old tariff reform war
horses to see this free coal bill slip by
without proposing free everything else.
Their self-restraint was admirable, and
n shivering nation chatters out its
tlanks.-Springtield, Masn, Republi-
can,
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1903-02-04
d Beresford is the greatest naval
Innan,s Musical Insects.

More than 5000 persons in Japan
make a good living by breeding. train
ing and selling what are known ms
singing insects" Like crlckets, these
insects are, and their Japanese names
are kusa-hibari and suzu-mushl.
The music which they make resem-
bles that of Il silver bell and. though
rather monotonous, is very clear and
sweet. The japanese keep insects in
tiny bamboo cages, and take quite MS
good care of them rs Americans take
of canaries or other pet birds. Some
of them prefer the music which is
made by certain species OF frog,
known as kajika, and they are always
ready to pay n high price for frogs
which are well bred and well trained.
These they can generally obtain. for
several persons pass their entire time
breeding and training frogs and in
sects, which they offer for sale every
year at fairs held during June In Toxic
and other large cities,
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1903-02-04

1901 Is IA per CENT that for the three
years yields the startling percentage
of 90, Or more than half as many more,
Another remarkable fact is noted in
the larger proportion Of Women among
the suicides Previous to 1902 the ratio
among suicides was five men to one
woman. But last year there were three
times as many women ms for the year
before, making the ratio ave men to
three women. AMohg the known causes
for suicide despondency ranks first,
about one-tenth are traced to do.
nestle infelicity, 433 to lll-health, and
S76 to disappointed love" Fully one.
third lett no clew to the cause for self.
murder While liquor accounts for
136 and business losses" for OF. Poi
sons remain the favorite means of dis
patch TO the unknown, but more than
one-thifd of the suicides shot them.
selves OF more interest," however,
than the details Is the central fact that
year by year the number of those who
commit suicide Is increasing out of
proportion to the Increase In population.
1t probably means that the stress of life
is more severe in the United States now
than Its has ever been previously.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1903-02-04
Republicans 1ndict tho Tariff.

The Republican majority In Congress
has submitted convincing proof that it
recognizes the present evil Of high pro-
lection and that free trade in the rem
edy for that evil The action of the
Senate In placing anthracite coal on the
free list furnishes this proof. Tie
confession is made that the Republic
cans abandon their former position and
agree that the removal os the tariff
duty on anthracite coal, willie contain.
ing no menace of lower wages for
workingmen, offers relief to consumers
by making competition possible. This
is the extreme form Of the argument,
extended all along the line, upon which
the advocates of tariff refosm urge Il
revision of the Dingley tariff.-St.
Louis Republic.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1903-02-04
@a8aaaaaaaEHHASHH98
d POLITICS aa = = s
81 =- OF THE DAY 81
E9aa98g8gazEHH4S
Trusts Will Not Be Harmed.

AIubtS w III A$ot dc huThSus
The New York Press, one of the
rock-ribbed G. o. p organs, is little
worried because of the delay of the
Republicans in passing antitrust bills.
Failure to deal with the trust question
squarely and promptly, 1t says. will
ton bottom side up" 1t then assumes
that the passage of an antitrust bill
is assured beyond doubt, Is equiya-
lent to a fact accomplished, and pro-
ceeds to congratulate Its party on the
good results to follow the antitrust
legislation and gives special credit to
President Roosevelt. saying "There are
very few influences now to dispute his
power to get the legislation enacted
which he thinks necessary"
The Washington Post, another good
g. o. p. organ. takes an entirely diff
ferent view of the matter. 1t tells the
Press that "There is rs yet not n par
ticle of evidence that the leaders in
Congress desire to do anything inimical
to the interests of monopolistic COM
bines. And who is there that imagines
the power of the trusts so decadent
that they could not prevent the pass
age through the Senate, between this
date and the 4th of March, of any bill
from which they had any reason to
apprehend trouble? The chances are
hundred to one against any anti
trust legislation by the Fifty-seventh
Congress. The chances are thousand
to one that, If any so-called antitrust
bill goes through, it will be as inno-
cent as Il bread pill or prepared chalk
imitation of morphine. The Press
shows the credulity of one who was
born yesterday"
There is no reason for these two
good Republican organs to quarrel.
The Washington Star of Jan. II, the
personal organ of the President, settled
matters when 1t said that rs the trusts
were willing to have legislation pass
the Senate, If it We're not drastic, and
that as the President was not asking
for drastic legislation, but simply
wanted .somc kind of action,' an
agreement would most likely be reach
ed with the trusts which would per
init the enactment of mild legislation
regulating the trusts
Antitrust legislation under the aus
pieces of the trusts is on the cards for
the next performance at our national
capitol,