The Savannah morning news., 1903-07-24

banditti whom he routed out of noun
tain businesses and imprisoned or eX-
ecuted.
In 1859 the powers in Italy, besides
the papal states, were the kingdoms
of Naples and Sardinia and the prov
inces of Lombardy. Tuscany, Modeaa
and other provinces. all under the do
minion of Austria. These provinces,
under Austria, had for a long time
been misgoverned and oppressed, and
there had been a number of rebellions.
Finally, an army under the patriot
Garabaldi and King Humbert of Sar-
DINA threw off the Austrian yoke and
then proceeded to Naples and Sicily,
driving out King Francis II. whose
reign over that country had been re-
markable for tyranny. King Victor
Emmanuel Was elected King OF United
Italy, and only the papal states re-
manned out of the United Kingdom.
These states, extending across the king
dom and cutting ii in two, and having
within them the city of Rome, the
natural capital of the country, We're
covetously regarded by King Victor
Emmanuel and his advisers. Since
1S49, however, France had protected
the Pope in his dominions. French
force having been placed in Rome, after
a period of practical anarchy, during
which the Eternal City was in the
hands of a mob that had driven out
the Pope.
When it became an open secret that
Victor Emmanuel only waited for q
chance to seize the papal states, EN-
peror Napoleon III put a large French
army in Rome and kept it there until
1870. The war with Prussia then com
PEELED him to withdraw this force, and
the Pope was left helpless. 1t is doubt
full If, even with his opportunity. Vic
tor Emmanuel would have endeavorad
to seize Rome by force had it not been
for the fact that powerful Republic
can spirit was growing in his kingdom.
France had again established re-
public, and Italy seemed ripe for It.
1t was partly to divert this growing
sentiment that King Victor Emmanuel
in September, 1870 marched on the
Eternal City. Pope Plus was man
of peace; he resolved that no blood
should be shed to preserve his
power, and gave orders that as soon as
the walls were preached the city
should be surrendered. This last COM
mand of the Pope, as a temporal ruler,
having been promulgated, the Pontif
retired to the Vatican, self-immolat-
ed prisoner.
For four hours the cannon of the
invader Numbered at the walls of the
Eternal City until a breach was made,
and the papal flag was then hauled
down from the defenses. 1t was never
raised again save in the sacred pre-
cincts of the Vatican.
Pope Plus TX made a treaty with
King Emmanuel whereby he was to
retain the Vatican, having full power
over it's area, including the colleges
and the churches connected with it. and
was to have an income of 3,255,000f,
but the Vatican has never been recon-
ciled with the Italian government, anc
the claim to the right of temporal pow
err over the papal states has never been
abated The Pope has always refused
to accept the income allotted him by
the italian government and 1t has
accumulated until it now amounts to
between $4,000 900 and $1S,000.000.
The Vatican, which is really big
enough for a city of 10000 to 10000, Is
all that remains to the Pope. From
it's boundaries Pope Plus TX and Pope
Leo XIII always refused to go; they
would not leave the prison allotted to
them by the usurping government OF
Italy.