davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1903-02-06
AS@&

Little food suffices it.
a fine specimen was recently sent from
Tanga in Usambara to the geological gar
den in Berlin, and it is in excellent
health, though it only eats one white rat
every week. Through observing this
specimen the interesting fact was learned
that rhinoceros adders do not, like other
snakes, let their victims go after they
have bitten them, but wait patiently UNI
til the poison kills them, keeping firm
hold of them, and speedily swallow them.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1903-02-06

Justice, to the delegates.
Another notable figure is that of Peace,
with an olive branch in her hand, which
she holds aloft as though she would
thereby check the onward rush of the
menacing warriors who confront her.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1903-02-06
PHOTOGRAPH FEAT.

Snap shooting at a balloon, when it
is at great height, is a very rare, feat
accomplished in the Photographic line.
This photograph shows balloon high in
midair, at moment when the aeronaut
is just in the act of cutting adrift from
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1903-02-06

the huge airship to descend by his para
chute.
This balloon very recently made an as
cent near the town of San Mateo, Cal.
The photographer was stationed on a
high hill that enabled him to obtain an
excellent view When photographed the
balloon was several thousand feet high.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1903-02-06

A bee unladen, will fly forty miles an
hour, but one coming home laden with
honey does not travel faster than twelve
miles an hour.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1903-02-06

Italians of the poorer classes are noted
for their general good health. This is to
some extent attributed to the fact that
the working people of Italy eat less meat
than those of any other European nation.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1903-02-06

One-quarter of the members of the
British Irish Privy Council are not mem
bers of Privy Council and more than half
of the Parliament
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1903-02-06
NOTICE TO THE PUBLIC.

The public is hereby notified not to
give any credit to anyone on my account.
M. J. Bowe.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1903-02-06

In 1888, out of every 1000 Swiss, ia
spoke German. The proportion has now
fallen to 697 per 1000
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1903-02-06
Ian. 23-aO-Feb. 6-19O3.

Jan. O-0U-f en-. 0-IJU0.
i ORDER TO EXAMINE ACCOUNTS.
STATE OF MINNESOTA, County of Blue
eEarth-SS. In Probate Court.
In the matter of the estate of FREDERICK
Wiederhaeft, deceased.
On reading and filing the petition of Al
bert E. LANCE. administrator of the es-
tate of Frederick Wiederhaft, deceased,
representing among other things, that he
has fully administered said estate, and
praying that time and place be fixed
for examining and allowing the final ac-
CONT of his administration, and f." the
assignment of the residue of said estate
to the parties entitled thereto by law;
It IS ordered, that said account be ex-
amined. and petition heard, by this Court
on Friday the 18th day of February, A d.
1908. at 10 o'clock a. M. at the Probate
Office in the city of AIankato, in said
county.
And it is further ordered, that notice
thereof be given to all persons interested
by publishing copy of this order once in
each week.. for three successive weeks
prior to said day of hearing in the Man
kato Free Press, a weekly newspaper
printed and published at Mankato in said
/ county.
Dated at the City of Mankato the 18th
day OF January A. D. 1903.>
BY the Court.
VIM. F. HUGHES,
| probate Court SeaD Judge of Probate
S. 3. WILSON.
! Atty. for Administrator.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1903-02-06
Jan. 23-3O-Feb. 6-1903

Jan. 23-30-Feb. 6-1903.
ORDER FOR HEARING APPLICATION
FOR APPOINTMENT OF ADMIN
ISTRATOR.
STATE OF MINNESOTA, County of Blue
Earth-ss In Probate Court.
In the matter of the estate of Maud
Ross, deceased:
On receiving and filing the petition of
Mary A. Crandall, of said county, repre-
senting among other things, that Maud
Ross, late of Blue Earth county, Mime
sofa, ON the 2lst day of October, A. D.
1902, at the County of Blue Earth died
interstate, and being an inhabitant of this
county at the time of her death, leaving
county, and that the said petitioner is the
administration of said estate be to her,
said petitioner granted:
1t is ordered, that said petition be heard
before said court, on Saturday, the 14th
day of February, A. d. 1903 lat 10 o'clock
a. M, at the probate office, in Mankato in
said county.
Ordered further. that notice thereof be
given to the heirs of said deceased and to
all persons interested, by publishing this
order once in each week. for three sue
cesive weeks prior to said day of hear
ing, in the Mankato Free Press, a weekly
newspaper. printed and published at Man
kato, in said county.
Dated at Mankato, the 18th day of jan
uary, a. ID. 1903.
BY the Court
VIM. F. HUGHES.
probate Court Seal) Judge of Probate.
THOS. HUGHES,
Atty for Petitioner.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1903-02-06

Crops are being harvested somewhere
in the world during every month in the
year
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1903-02-06
Friday, February 6. 1903
Jan. 3o-Feb. 6-13-1903.

ORDER FOR HEARING ON CLAIMS.
STATE OF MINNESOTA, County of
R,u the Earthss s. In In pro6ate Court NJ
Veig, deceased.
Letters testamentary on the estate of
said deceased being this day granted unto
1t is ordered that all claims and de-
Imands of all persons against said estate
ton and allowance, at the probate office
in the city of Mankato in said Blue Earth
county, on the following day, viz:
o Monaay the aith DAY OF July, A. u
said day.
1t is further ordered, that six months
itors to present their claims against said
estate, at the expiration of which time
al claims as, not presented to said court, or
forever barred unless for cause shown
further time be allowed
Ordered further, that notice of the time
and place of hearing and examination of
said claims and demands shall be given
by publication of this order for three sue
, cessive weeks prior to the day appointed
for such examination, in The Mankato
Free Press, weekly newspaper printed
and published at Mankato, in said county.
Dated at Mankato, the sd day of jan
BY the Court
WIN. F. HUGHES,
probate Court SeaD Judge of Probate.
S. B. WILSON,
Attorney for EXecutrix.
JAN 3O-Feb. 6-13-19O3
ORDER TO EXAMINE ACCOUNTS.
STATE OF MINNESOTA, County of
Blue Earth-ss. In Probate Court.
In the matter of the estate of ]. w. Rob-
ertS, deceased.
On reading and filing the petition of
Henry c.. Mclean, administrator de bonis
non of the estate of J. w. Roberts de-
ceased, representing, among other things,
that he has fully administered said es-
tate. and praying that a time and place
be nXed for examining and allowing the
final account of his administration, and
for the assignment of the residue of said
estate to the parties entitled thereto by
law:
1t is, ordered, that said account be ex-
amlned, and petition heard by this court
on Saturday, the 21st day of February
A. D. 1908, at ten o'clock a. M. at the
probate office in the city of Mankato, in
said county.
And it is further ordered. that notice
thereof be given to all persons interested
| by publishing a copy of this order once
| in each week for three successive weeks
| prior to said day of hearing in The Man
kato Free press, a weekly newspaper
| printed and published at Mankato, in said
county
Dated at Mankato, the 23d day of Jan
uary, A. D. 1908.
BY the Court
VIM. F. HUGHES
probate Court SeaD Judge of Probate.
B. c. TAYLOR,
Attorney for Administrator
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1903-02-06

,. d. " IIlDOAN-
Atty. for Administrator.
The daily journal. (Salem, Or.) 1899-1903, 1903-03-25

Mrs NJ. j.. Mccartney today re.
turned to her home at Harrisburg. az
ter a visit with her daughter, Mrs. A
j. Basey, who is just recovering from
a severe illness of typhoid fever.
@. P. Terrell, who is now located al
Gearhart, Clatsop county. was in the
city today.
Mrs. W. R. Anderson has gone to
Portland to spend a few days with
friends.
Julius c. Wolf. a hop buyer OF
Silverton, was in the city today.
Max o. Buren,, the furniture dealer.
was a visitor to Albany today.
j. c. Goodale, Jr.. the lumber man,
left for points south today.
Mrs. F. e. Smith is visiting with
her relatives in Corvallis.
Mrs. 2. F. Moody has returned from
a visit in Portland.
Roy Goodhue visited the Lyons
creamery today.
The daily journal. (Salem, Or.) 1899-1903, 1903-03-25

Recitation-"we Miss Them When
They're Gone"-Roxana Hoffman.
solo-"Perhaps She is Somebody's
Mother'-Goldie Lathrop.
Recitation-"Dont Know"-Mahea
Cleveland.
Music-R. Dorman and Baldwin
brothers.
Dialogue-"The Morning Calf
Mrs. John Bait. Roxana Hoffman.
Recitation-Otto Timm.
Solo-"Only a Dream OF the Old
Home'-Rodger Bait.
Music-R. Dorman and Baldwin
brothers.
Dialogue-"Awful Lovely Phylop.
sies"-Addie Cleveland. Hattie Dor.
man.
Recitation, "Cats"-Raymond Cleve.
land.
song-"Moonlight on the Lake
the choir.
Recitation-Hattie Dormap.
Muslc-R. Dorman, Baldwin broth.
ers.
Dialogue-"How They Kept a Sc.
cret," Mabel Cleveland, Lena Mize,
Goldic Iathrop. Dottie Dove. Katie
Bait. l.. Stephenson and NJ. Budd.
Closing address-Mr. Daniels.
MRS. JOHN BAIT. Manager.
The daily journal. (Salem, Or.) 1899-1903, 1903-03-25

Miss Emily Thatcher has gone to
Portland for a visit.
John J. Roberts, a local hop man.
spent the day in Portland.
MIR. and Mrs. U. Grant Longsworth
OF Jefferson, visited In Salem yester.
day.
MIR. and Mrs. F. NJ. Brown have re.
turned from a few days spent at New.
port.
DR.. c. II. Robertson Is convalescing
from his recent attack Of appendicitis
and expects soon to be able to resume
his practice.
Miss Burse Reddick, Of Oregon City.
is in the city to attend the Lane.
Fechter wedding, which will be cele-
brated in this city at s o'clock this
evening.
Mrs. w II. Chatter has returned to
Portland, after a visit to her parents
in this city. She was accompanied
home by her father, George Collins,
who will spend a few weeks In Port
land.
Mrs. Anna Waterman, who has been
spending the winter with her sister.
Mrs. w. r. Anderson, has returned to
her home at Spokane.
J. II. Alderman. state school super.
intendent, was in Milwaukee today.
where he delivered an address along
educational lines.
MIR, and Mrs. C. A. Modem have
gone to Tacoma for a visit. when they
will go to Ia Grande. or some other
Eastern Oregon town, where Mr.. Mol.
den will engage in business.
J. A. Otter returned to Sublimlty
this morning. lie a y that the peo.
pie OF that section are to have a cream.
cry plant. It will be operated by Van.
der, Walden & Herman. Of Washing.
ton county. and will soon be ready to
, start up.
a NJ. Drake Of Portland. president
Of the D~eschutcs Irrigation company
was In the city Tuesday. Mr.. brakes
company has contracted for the re
clamation of about 10000 acres Of arid
land IN the Deschutes Valley but hC
reports that the company has not yet
commenced operations. He returned
to Portland last evening.
The daily journal. (Salem, Or.) 1899-1903, 1903-03-25
Es:s! Social Realm
La the

Social at Liberty.

A box. necktie and apron social will
no held in the school house at Liberty
Saturday evening. March 2Sth. There
will also be an entertainment, consist.
ing of music. recitations. etc.
The neckties are to be made of the
same material as the aprons, placed
in an envelope and placed with the
box. The owners name will also be
In the envelope. These will be hand.
Cd hap-hazzard to the gentlemen al
thew enter. The proceeds of the en-.
,ertainment will be used for the bene.
Al OF the Sunday School, and all are
welcome. The program is as follows:
Opening address. Prof. Jas. Blanch.
ard.
Song-Mr. and Mrs. Kleber Wood.
Lizzie Turner, John and Roger Bait.
Recitation-"T Never Spoke Before"
Violet Hoffman.
Muster. Dorman and the Baldwin
brothers. violin and mandolin.
Dialogue-Jennie and Raymond
cleveland. Walter Dorman and Walter
Hoffman.
Recitation-Mrs. John Bait,
Music-R. Dorman and Baldwin
brothers.
Dialogue - Going Somewhere
Mr.. and Mrs. John Bait. l.. stephens
and X. Wood.
Song-'The Gushing Rill'-the
phofr
The daily journal. (Salem, Or.) 1899-1903, 1903-03-25
PERSONALS.

Miss l.. Statesman is visiting in
Portland.
A. W. Giesy has gone to points on
the Sound.
Mrs. J. c. Hertz has gone to Port.
land for a visit.
The daily journal. (Salem, Or.) 1899-1903, 1903-03-25
Salem Wedding Bells.

Mr.. John Fechter, Jr.. and Miss
Fannie Lane, both Of this city. will be
married at s o'clock this evening.
Al ] o'clock Thursday afternoon at
the home OF the brides parents, Hon.
and Mrs. Edward Hlrsch. on Che.
meketa street, will occur the marriage
OF Miss Lou Hirsch. Of this city. to Mr..
Byron Loomis, Of Portland.
The daily journal. (Salem, Or.) 1899-1903, 1903-03-25
FOR c~URIOSITY'S SAKE.

There are many stores In which the visitor who comes In for eu,iosftvs
sake is not over welcome But the Barr Store is always delighted to have
anyone come in ana look around We have mentioned this matter once or
twice before In these columns. but we want TO emphasize II once ore be-
cause it Is so importaut' That You take enough interest in our goods to
rome and look at them even without the slightest thought of purchasing Is
from our standpoint, a material compliment to this stores growing renuts.
tion. And so please always feel free TO look" here as much as YOU like.
BARR'S JEWELRY STORE. State & Liberty SITS. Leaders in low prices
The daily journal. (Salem, Or.) 1899-1903, 1903-03-25
Mohalr rake. Another Iumn.

Mohair is king OF farm produce at
present. VIM. Brown a Co. are
offering 80 cents. and the market
seems strong. s.25.tf
The daily journal. (Salem, Or.) 1899-1903, 1903-03-25
Women are Peculiar

They have ailments and weaknesses peculiar to their sex causing
them distress and anxiety. Thousands are carried to the grave
by Decline, Consumption and other diseases of a fatal character
by not correcting the evil in time Time and trial have proved
that no medicine will equal Beecham's Pills to combat these all
ments and give happiness and health. Millions of women in every
part of the world take no other medicine to keep them In per-
feet health but MA .
The daily morning Alaskan., 1903-02-18
INLAND WEATHER.
TsioEraphio Reports of olinAtio.COu'
 ditions FrOm'ths Interior.

The following was the eondlllOnlci ths weather at the various points of the To- tsrlor as reported by telegraph yesterday morning:
 Atlln-oCloudy, south wIpd, 90 above. Tselsh-SnowlnE, north wind, g above Whltehorse-CloudY, calm, TO above CAhbOu-SnowlnE south wind, a above.
 Whlts Pass-Cloudy, south wind. 2s above.
 Glacl,r-Cloudy, south wlnd' 34 above. Log Cabln-Snowlng, south wlnd, 2i above,
 Bennstt-Cloudv, calm, 90 above.
 HOOtaIlnqua-CloudY, calm, below. Selklrk-Cloudv, calm, 20 below. [ SsIwln-Clsar, calm, i6 below.
 Oawson-CloudY, calm, 2 below. Forymlls-ClOudy, calm, below. Ogllvls-Clsar, calm, TO below" Yukon Crossing Cloudy. calm, 4 below La Barge-Cloudy, calm, ( aboys,
The daily morning Alaskan., 1903-02-18
m. Fir.t st.am cruIssr

It Is generally known that the first steam driven vessel to cross the Allan tlc was built In Canada. The informa- ton Is not SO general. however, that this same craft was subsequently, con verted Into a cruiser and was the first steamship engaged fin actual war.
 The facts ln the case are stated in "Johnson's Alphabet of First Things ln Canada" The ship was the Royal VII liam. She was built at the Cove, Que bee. in the winter of 1S3O-St and during the season Of 1882 -S3 piled between Que bee and Halifax. In the latter season she was sent to London and there char tered by the Portuguese government to transport troops intended for the serv' Ice of the late Dom Pedro to Brazil Re turning to London, she was sold to the Spanish government. by the latter con verted Into a cruiser and employed against Don Carlos in the civil war of 1886. thus being the first steamer to fire a hostile shot
The daily morning Alaskan., 1903-02-18
The Original welding Cake.

Our wedding cake Is the remains of a custom whereby a Roman bride held In her left hand three wheat ears, and many centuries later an English bride wore on her head a chaplet Of wheat The attendant girls threw corn, either In grains or in small bits of biscuit or cake upon the heads of the newly mar rled couple. and the guests picked up the pieces and ate them. Such was the beginning Of the wedding cake. which did not come into general use until the eighteenth century and was then com posed of solid blocks hid together and Iced all over with sugar, SO that when the outer crust was broken over the brides head the cakes Inside fell on the floor. and they were then distrib- uted among the company.
The daily morning Alaskan., 1903-02-18
JANE MEDEDITH.
Waterproof Glue.

To make waterproof glue, soak it in water until sOftened thoroughly, but preserve the shape Heat slowly in llnsced oil until dissolved, then mix thoroughly. To make dreprOOf glue, pour water over good glue and let it remain over night. then slowly melt and add white lead to make the right consistency. This will withstand hre. but not boiling water. To fasten h. bels to tin. take good yellow glue, break it Into small pieces, cover with water and leave three or four hourS Pour on the water. place the glue h a wide mouthed bottle or pint ean and cover with acetlc acid. Set in warm water until dissolved and incorporate tho two by stirring. ....-
The daily morning Alaskan., 1903-02-18
No N..h rnr- nn.n1-


 A gentleman who had business in q mail town tout vest had ordered some important letters sent there, and on hls arrival went to the pOstofice Co Inquire for them.
 "No letters here for you" said the postmaster.
 ''rhes ought to have been here yes terday"
 Couldn't have got here yesterday, Old Brown. who carries the mail, was drunk and didn't so over to Iosco after l."
 And how about todayf"
 "well. he's sober enough today, but hls old woman has cut her foot"
 But there win be mall tomOrOwT "Skassly, sir We don't have any man on Thursdays"
 ''Then how about next dayT
 Friday Is sort of o1 day with the Iosco postmaster, and he generally goes fishing. 1T he don't he sends the boy over I never count on it however" "You seem to have a lipshod way of running postal affairs out in this eoun- try"
 "waal. dunno but we have" ho ad- mitted. as he looked over the top of his Spectacles. but as long as nobody but Uncle Bill simpson ever gets any mall, and that's only a circular about how to kill cockroaches we kinder take things easy and let the United States run along without busting her b'iler."-Bal- umore Herald
The daily morning Alaskan., 1903-02-18
UnparaIIeIed Generosity.

Town Councilor-Haye you heard Mir. Skinflnt. that our generous towns man. Mir. Muller, Is defraying the cost of a new promenade all round the townl We think a wealthy man like yourself might also do something for us
 Sklnhlnt-well, what do you say tC my giving you a park Of oak treesf
 Town CouncilOr-Oh, you noble heart cd phllanthropist! Why, do you really mean to-
 skinaint-Yes yes; m make the town a present of an oak forest. You have only to And the land, and l VIII supply you with as many aeorns as you may want for seed.-Chronik der Zelt
The daily morning Alaskan., 1903-02-18
orIt In th. nrs.

A useful hint was given the other day by a physician who removed u piece of grit from a patients eye. The accident had occurred at the beginning of a railway journey lasting some hours. Another time when you are troubled with grit in the eye" said the doctor. don't attempt to get lt out. but just cover lhe eye with your hand to keep it closed and blink away as hard as you can with the other till the grit is dlslodged. This hint was given to ne by a commercial traveller and how ii acts Is more than can tell you, but i' does, and that Is all that matters to the sufferer"
The daily morning Alaskan., 1903-02-18
She Knew.

Mrs Hayfork Gin country pOstofaeel Anything for mel
 Postmaster-I don't see nothin'.
 Mrs. Hayfork-I was e1pectin' a let ter or postcard from Aunt Spriggs tell In what day she was cOmin'.
 Rural Postmaster Calling to his wife Did you see a postcard from Mrs Hayforks Aunt Sallyl
 His wlfe-Yes. She's eOmin' or Thursday.
The daily morning Alaskan., 1903-02-18
The Northsra Pacific

Rups tL ossttralns between Puget Sound .A... V. r4pl. It's famous North Coast Limited affords every convenience as we'll as luxury known to the modem travel, Tickets to all points ln the United States and Canada. lf you contemplate trip East, call on or write to A, Iinllng, Genl. Agent, Tacoma, or l. A. Nadsau, Gsnl. Agent, Seattle.
The daily morning Alaskan., 1903-02-18
AFTER BODY
Gone to Recover Corpse of
 Nelson Bennett.

Frank Madison of Juneau has left On the Ssaolln for Steamboat bay to get the body of Nelson Bennett who was drowned To that l,esllty last November. The body has been buried under a canoe on the beach. Mr. Madison has been employed by the government to attend to this Grussoms ehore.
The daily morning Alaskan., 1903-02-18
rnhoned the unIon.

Fl have come" he began, address Ing her father. toto suggest to you that a union of our families wOuld"-
 'T'm not in favor Ot unions" the testy old captain of industry interrupt ed, "and will not submit the matter to arbitration. Good morning. ."-Chi- cago Record Herald
The daily morning Alaskan., 1903-02-18
Labouehsrs's sarsAsm.

Of Gladstone Henry LabOuehere once remarked. q do not object to Mfr Gladstone occasionally having an ace up bis sleeve, but do wish he would not always say that Providence put it there."
The daily morning Alaskan., 1903-02-18

This Is the season of the wear when everybody should have thelr blankets washed. The Royal Laundry Is doing them ln great numberS. Get your order 10 early.
The daily morning Alaskan., 1903-02-18
Found

A black silk umbrella was left at the residence Of Mr. Jas, A, Kettles during hlS wlfs's Illness. Same can bs recovered by applying to Mrs. Farrell on State street between Fourth and Fifth avenues and paving for this ad. 2i6-H
The daily morning Alaskan., 1903-02-18

Many a man who goes through life bemoaning the fact that he Is misun. derstood ought to be thankful that such s the ease.-Chieago NeEG
The daily morning Alaskan., 1903-02-18
ALL PAYING
No Atlin Claims Are Worked
 At a Loss.


 ". S. Fsnn, who Is at the Dewey, Is one of the most sxtsnslve Individual calm owners ln the Atlln country. He Is hold log large areas of both placer and quartz ground. Mr. Penn and hls daughter arc on their way South for a vacation trip. He asserts that there lS not . placer elalm being worked ln the sntlrs district that Is not only paving the running expenses, but handsome profit. And many of the claims have been operating all wlntsr and the owners arc drawing dividends after every clean up. Times arc not booming ln Atlin, but there Is not broken man In the district or one who cannot get all the wolk he can do at good wages There Is plenty of money ln the camp and every body, though perhaps not having money 10 burn, are ln easy circumstances. ThtTs are IS steam pumps running ln the district and the s4o, 900 steam drsdEsr that Is to be operated on the Poor Farm" Is bslng built and will bs Installed next summer. The machlnsrv on the Hawkins leases on Otter creek, has been moved to Wright Greek. Mr. Fem owns the rich quartz ledge On the otter liver, two and a half mI les from the Tespee.
The daily morning Alaskan., 1903-02-18

cluetts latest style msn's collars and cuffs at thf B. M. Behrends Go.
The daily morning Alaskan., 1903-02-18
skagway Weather

For the 74 hours preceding 6 o'clock p. m., February I7, Ioo7; Highest temperature 90 above. Lowest temperature 3s above.
 H.. Clark,
 U. 8. Voluntary Observer