davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The broad ax., 1903-07-04
UNITED STATES IN MINIATURE
position Showing Products of
the Different States.

Assistant Secretary Brigham, of the
department Of agriculture, has Sc
cured the use of a sunny slope OF
ground of about ten acres near the
government building at the st. Louis
exposition, and this viii be laid on
as a miniature reproduction Of the
United States, says Bradstreet's. The
several states ard territories will be
clearly defined, the boundary lines of
each being made up Of pathways, so
that visitors can walk around each
separate commonwealth. The pred
ucts of each section will be repre-
sented in the various states, and, IL
the skill of the departments experts
can accomplish the desired results,
will be growing in the state to which
they are native when the exposition
is formally opened on Nay 1, 1904.
For instance, miniature fields Of
rice will be growing in Louisiana,
Texas and the CarOlinas, with the
other products of these states; Mis-
siEsippi, Florida, Alabama and GeOr-
gia, the Carolinas, and Texas will
have fields Of snowy cotton, green
wheat, and waving corn; Virginia and
the golden tobacco belt of North
Carolina viii show the plant in all
Its varieties, while Maryland, Arkan-
sas, Missouri and other states will
AFFORD q bird's-eye vieW-Of the diyersi-
Hed crops grown within their Dor
ders.
The broad ax., 1903-07-04
sERYAHT err PROBTEII.
u Is.n suhie9t IN which the Hoass-
wivea 81 Every Clvlliasd Ceun-
try Are Deeply IhtsrsStsd.

The servant girl question, while
"settled" time and time again upon
paper, Is Still a very live issue among
those Who are most vitality interested
the housewives OF the country. In
America it is said that the lack of
good help at reasonable wages is the
cause for so many people living in fats
and hotels, and there is no immediate
prospect Of a change in this direction,
IS good domestic servants are becom-
ing more and more difficult to obtain.
In view Of this fact, Il is interesting 10
look at the question as II is handled in
other lands. Great Britain claims TO
be the best country in the world for
good servants, from both points of
view. A leading English journal states
that "England's' greatest industry is
domestic service"
The statement sounds untrue, and
yet the returns of the board of trade
voueh for 100000 female domestic
servants IN England and Wales, as
against 100000 men engaged in min
ing, while farming lags far behind and
the rest of the trades are nowhere.
And there is no fuss. All the scrub
bing Of floors, cooking Of meals and
making of beds are done without any
Of the banners, professions, oratory,
strikes or lockouts Of other employ
ments.
The servant problem" vexes the
soul of many an English housewife,
but to learn the value Of the British
domestic ene must go abroad. In the
households Of the czarina Of Russia,
the German empress, the queen Of
Sweden and Norway and the young
The broad ax., 1903-07-04

the sdjutant eeneral AfsW mo-7I-
ago he vas promoted TO be brir1-iis-
gsneral, and nov. he = 70 be one 81 TIE
master minds q the general staif Thics
3 due in-so large measure to his int
tiEtive.
As colonel and assistant adiutant
Gen. Carter made himself IndisDeneSbIo
70 Secretary Root. Whenever Root
wanted 70 do anything Carter was the
fellow who told him Just how Il could
be done. ThEt sort Of assistant always
endears himself to his superior. When
the idea Of a general star came up-no-
body knows exactly whistler Root haS
the idea first or Carter-the assistant
adjutant general worked out all the de-
tails with vast industry and splendid
sdn. he was sent to the capitol by the
secretary TO explain the bin to senators
and representatives, and It is due large
" 70 his clear, cold intelligence that
the measure finally became a Law.
Carter is not by any means an ''ofHcs
soldier" he had years Of the hardest
kind Of service against the Indians on
the frontier, and he is booked to 20 to
the philippines very soon. OF course,
he Is not altogether popular among hts
military associates. Men Of his char
acteristes who have been noticeably
successful seldom meet with the entire
approval Of former equals whom they
have passed in the race. And there
are Insignificant majors Of the line who
graduated from West Point in the same
class with Brig. Gen. Carter.
Troubles Of the Postmaster General.
Just at the present moment Postmas-
ter General Payne is the object OF more
The broad ax., 1903-07-04

extensive business department Of the
government. It is the irony Of fate that
the man under whose auspices this is
being done should meet with wide
spread criticism because he doesn't hap
pen to be doing it in exactly the way
some Of the critics might like. To read
some Of it one would imagine that the
postmaster general were the principal
culprit instead Of the prosecuting ON
Ger. Henry c. Payne is one Of the best
liked men personally who is prominent
IN republican politics. he is regarded
by all his associates as one Of the very
shrewdest and brightest political man
ayers in the United States. Mark
Hanna says he is the very best-and
Mark Hanna is q pretty good authority
on that question He calls Payne
Harry" and Payne calls him MARX, I"
and the two are as fond Of each other a.
II they were brothers. ......--
The broad ax., 1903-07-04
INVENTOR OF THE sCYTHE.
Was Joseph jerks, OF Lynn, Mass,
Who Lived Two and q Half
Centuries Ago.

In rummaging among old papers
a Lynn gentleman has discovered the
complete pattern of the American
scythe, which was invented PA cen
turtles ago by Joseph Jencks, an iron
worker of Saugus, Mass. The inven-
ton Of the scythe, says the Boston
Record, is referred to in Lewis and
Newhall's History of Lynn"
This seythe took the> place Of the
English "bushwhacker" scythe, made
of a piece Of thin steel about Is inches
long and three inches wide. JenckS
more than doubled the length Of the
scythe, reduced its width to IA inches
and stiffened IT by welding a square
bar on the back.
The patent was, by enactment Of the
Massachusetts, general court, as fol-
lows:
May %. 1865: lit Is ordered that
Joseph Jencks, senr., and his assigns,
only, shall haue liberte graunted to
them to make that engine the said
Jencks hath proposed TO this Court for
the more speedy cutting Of grasse,
for seven yeares, and that no inhab-
liant or other person within this
jurisdiction during that time shall
make or Vse any Of that kind Of engine
without license first obtained from the
said Joseph Jencks, on the pOenalty
Of i've pounds for query such engine
so made or vsed, to be recovered at any
Court in this Jurisdiction by the said
Joseph Jencks, Senr., or his assigneh"
The broad ax., 1903-07-04
AN ANCIENT AMERICAN VASE.

Of that mysterious civilization which
fiourished a thousand years ago in
Mexico.
The jar Is thought to have been a
funeral or votive offering, says the
New York Herald, which was one Of
the essential mortuary rites of the
people of that time. Its age cannot
be accurately stated, but II probably
reaches back for a thousand years or
more. It was found BY Carl Lum-
hOltz during one Of his exploring ex-
petitions. It came 70 light while dig
ging in private garden in the City
Of Topic, which had evidently been
In remote times the site Of some TEN
pie or wealthy burial place.
Two skeletons were unearthed.
Around the neck Of one were found
g balls Of solid gold, also q large
breastplate ornament Of gold.
The broad ax., 1903-07-04

There il a floating island in Der
wsntwatsr, England, not far from
Lodore falls. It's travels are re-
stricted 20 alterations between the
bottom Of the lake and the surface.
When moved to retirement It sinks
and remains in Watery SsclusiOn for
periods which vary from q few months
to as long as seven or eight years.
It's existence above OF below water
appears to Predetermined by the pres
enee within the island Of gases whose
quantity governs its buoyancy. Esth-
waite lake, IN the same neighbor-
hood, boasts . not less pulling but
more amenable Island. This has
served aE . ferryboat 70 conduct a.
many a. IS persons a. 3 time across
the bosom Of the water upon which
Il Hides.
The broad ax., 1903-07-04

james NJ A "el2'] Si' the municipal gov
eminent are rubbing their eyes TO find
whether they are awake.
A young man named Watson, Just
barely of age, has been In charge Of q
fund in the auditors once which re-
shifted from payments made By citizens
Obliged to pay one-half the cost Of lay
ing sidewalks In front Of their houses.
This sum is pretty large, but II seems
to have been shoveled into a drawer
and into the bank and out again with
hardly any record except what young
Watson chose to keep.
A few days ago It was discovered
that he was supposed to have made
away with $4,000 dollars Of the fund,
and now he is In jail.
The disquieting feature Of the case,
however, is the fact that this young
man, when appointed to once, is said
TO have already had a criminal record.
It is said that as boy Of II he was
convicted Of forgery and sentenced to
two years in the reform school. This
seems to have been known to the Dis
trict officials, and yet he was intrusted
with the care Of the funds, and no check
whatever was put on him He had a
salary Of 81 400 a year, and on this
salary he supported a wife, played the
races, and cut a dash with a red devil.
He was known as one Of the liveliest
and most extravagant sporting charac-
tiers in Washington; and yet though
his superiors knew he was doing all
this on $1,400 a year, and that he had
a shady record TO boot, they never sus-
pected anything wrong until the S7O,-
900 had disappeared.
The broad ax., 1903-07-04


Kansas republican state committee he
e. a young man, hardly 40-WithOut =
particle Of camaraderie, bent merciless-
IL on the prosecution Of his work.
Probably Brist0W fl personally the
least popular man IN the government
service. Members Of congress for years
have been complaining that they could
not get things" out Of his division in
the post once department. But BristoW
hasn't minded a bit he has courted
the distinction, If anything, and he takes
delight in hewing straight to the line in
everything ofieial.
Bristow Is q born sleuth. BE re-
joices In the scent Of crime, and he viii
pursue q trail leading up to 1t with the
reIentlessuess Of a Jayert- It is a rath-
er curious thing that Just at this time
there should be at the head Of the corps
OF inspectors 30 typical q hunter-down
Of wrong. tits quite probable that Il
the present inquiry had not been started
BristoW would not have retained his
position in the department long, for he
had lost hts political backing at home,
and there were scores OF members Of
congress who were demanding his re-
moval or transfer. But It would be a
rash politician who would venture to
suggest 20 the president now that he
dispense with the services Of his fourth
assistant postmaster general
IOIug A COOLIDGE
The broad ax., 1903-07-04
RUSSIAN MAIDS ARE HUMBLE.

Queen HSiena of Italy, the English
nursery -governess is a power behind
the throne, and pretty nearly every
reigning sovereign of Europe seems TO
have been nursed and taught by an
English maid before he passed on to
the throne.
But with all the foreign demand for
English maids, thererare conditions iR
many countries from which the most
daring would shrink.
Even q downtrOdden ''stOPgaP"
would not 60 to France At the French
wages of IS q year for the good do
nestle or the fourpence an hour Of
the visiting maid, who corresponds IN
Paris with our Saturday charwOman.
The French maid is very clever, and
if she can get permission TO pay the
weekly bills. collects five per cent.
commission from all the tradesmen.
But English wages would seem TO her
fortune. Only IN wealthy households
has she q chance TO get plump.
Rural England scarcely knows such
tragic poverty as that which drives
women from many parts of Europe to
abandon their own children and seek
employment as nursemaids in the
cities.
The mountain women Of the Pyre-
nees have a monopoly Of nursing the
children Of the rich IN Madrid, the girls
from the valley Of the Spree supply
the like want in Berlin, and Breton or
Norman women are the nurses Of
Paris, while Montenegrin peasants
swarm to Rome. In Paris one may
know the nursemaid's prosperity by
the length and splendor of her cap
ribbons, trailing to the heels, and in
the other capitals they wear beautiful
peasant costumes. These costume
nurses" however they may have SUI
fered by the wrench which tore them
from their native districts, have very
good time in service. BY doctors or
ders the nurse" must not be crossed
OF contradicted, so rules both her mis-
tress and the household with iron
riRor, making herself as disagreeable
as she pleases. She adopts the chill
dren, who are barred by etiquette
from knowing their own mother ex-
cept as a visiting stranger.
The quaintest Of all domestic service
Is in Russia, where the peasants have
only lately been released from slavery,
and for fear Of starvation in winter
flock TO the houses Of the mobiles, where
they smash the croekery in grateful
return for mere board and lodging.
The Russian lady, always merciful to
the poor, finds her house overrun by
useless but humble retainers with
swarms Of children. and when she
bopes 70 rest there Is sure to be for
lorn maid scratching the door ike
little rat because she dare not knock.
To stop the scratching she Is admit
ted. then, falling on her knees. kisses
the foot OF the mistress, pleading with
tears that she did not know it was
wrong to boil potatoes in q silver
dish.
As 20 the upper servants they march
into the most private rooms, dlsdain-
Ing 70 knock at the door, and, 81 q
o1est q dressing. the maid thinks
5ofhinr Of taking short cut through
the room rather than 60 round By the
par.srs. IL the guest is dhpleased
fbtv VisI abjectly liss IFS hands, Won
serinr What e. earth has put hin out
a. his tempsr.-Cincinnati Commercial
Trfbuna.
The broad ax., 1903-07-04
IONS a COOLIDGE.
eunpoVZdeF ana GardenfnE.

Nasmyth, a landscape painter OF
reuute. helped TO compose some OF
the finest park and forest scenery
81 Great Britain. The estate OF the
duke Of Athol was diSfgured by an
unsiehtIy crag, the rocks Of which
we're inaccessible 70 climbers.
Nasmyth determined 20 make q bold
bid for success with q cannon, which
vas At hand. BY ais advice tin CAMS
ters were prepared and loaded with
tree seeds. Fired from the cannon's
mouth. these novel shells burst
aeainst the face Of the erag and scat
800 their fruitful contents among
fse rocky eregices. Nature carried
On the work, and IN the course Of
years those barren heights were
clothed with trees Of luxurious
Growth. Nasmyth's son James, the
seottf-h astronomer, 8 said 20 have
repeated the expsrinsnt With equal
Sueoola
The broad ax., 1903-07-04
ODD GROUND FOR LAWSUIT.
COuldn't Get = Lawyer to
Take late COuFt.

Samuel Davis, court stenographer Of
the Second circuit, relates the Kansas
City Journal, says that an Irishman
who several years ago tried to en-
gage the legal services Of his father
had the oldest ground for lawsuit
be has ever heard of. The Irishman
wanted to sue his landlady for SIS.
Hs explained that he made a contract
to pay her three dollars a week for
board, but she was to deduct IS cents
for every meal he missed. Having got
the contract duly signed, Pat began to
board elsewhere and charged the lady
with whom he had contracted IS cents
for every meal he missed. He figured
out that by managing this way he
missed S5.25 worth Of meals each week,
for which his contract required him
10 pay only three dollars, 80 that by
staying away he made S2.25 clear. The
Iadlady refused to pay him his prof
it," and he wanted Mr.. Davis to bring
suit against her for him. Father
laughed at him a bit" Mr.. Davis says,
Asnd he got indignant. "A contract is
= contract said Pat, and she ought
to be made to live up to her'n just as
well as me to mine There were sew
eral other myers in town, and some
Of them were pretty hard up for cases,
but don't know Of anybody that took
that one after father turned It down"
The broad ax., 1903-07-04
TYpEWRITIEG EXPERTS.
FInd new Field ter Their AbfIItiss a.
FuFnishiaE Tsstinoay IN
Lawsuits.

Il win come as a surprise to many
people to know that there Il q great
deal Of character In tyPewriting.
Were half a dozen operators to use the
same machine, paper and actual words,
each printing on a dozen sheets, and
were all these to be mixed up indis-
eriminately, practiced eye could dis
tinguish each operators work instant
ly, says the Chicago Tribune.
In a recent law case, where .
lengthy typewritten document Of
many sheets was in question, it was
alleged that one Of the pages included
had been substituted for another
sheet. Although to q casual eye al
the sheets seemed to be the work Of
one hand, experts showed that the
spacing was quite different, especially
between the end of one sentence and
the beginning of another, and on the
substitute sheet the new paragraphs
began in quite a different position on
the lines, and the letters were shalZy
instead Of upright and firm. And the
punctuatiOn-the crucial test-waS
wholly different.
The experts were unable to trace the
person who had done the bogus type
writing, but they agreed that it was
q woman, young, and only a beginner
at tyPewriting; that she was nervous,
not strong, and that her education
was only moderately good.
The writer of the other sheets COM
- l. =
the evenness, correctness. and frmness
of the typewriting to be an expert
enced "typist."
The broad ax., 1903-07-04

concentrated at
tention than al
most any other
man in the United
States. Mr.. Payne
is conducting one
Of the most search
ing and effective
investigations that
has ever been con-
Quoted by a public
officer, and the re-
suit Of which will
be to purify and
establish on a
more businesslike
fOOtinR the most
The broad ax., 1903-07-04

AGLGAl wv AOAl
Payne. That b
the fourth assist
an postmasteT
general, who hap
pens to be at the
head Of the corps
Of inspectors to
whom Il has fallen
to carry on the in
quiries. There Is
nothing Of the
politician alb gu {
BristOW, although
he was for awhile
-. a.
The broad ax., 1903-07-04

Blaokheads are q mas Of eongest-
"a matter and dust; obviously their
cure Is In cleanliness and restored cir
eulation Of the blood vessels 0f tie
face nOthing but friction and clean
linsss win prevent their return. Often
they are the result o. disordsred
stomach, indiges1ion and eonstipatlon.
sad gtrlat Gftentiol should b giFan
20 TIE llWs Of hygiene. Daily bathI
are NECESSARY.
The broad ax., 1903-07-04

An American Tropical Laboratory.
One of the characteristics Of mod
srn scientific progress Is the estab-
lishment Of laboratories and ObserYa-
tories Of various kinds at points
where phenomena Of great interest
can best be studied, although such
points may be remote from centers
Of human population and from ordi-
nary Hnss Of travel. just now an ef-
fort II making to establiSh q seien-
tihc station at the Tortugus Islands
near the coast Of Florida. A cOnsid-
erable number Of naturalists have
expressed interest IN the seheme.
some thihk Il would be an excellent
point from which 20 observe the mi
grafton Of birds; others that bio
logical laboratory esthbliShed there
would give rich results. Il h pointed
out that We now know more Of the
life Of the Red sea than We do Of that
Of the Caribbean sea and the gulf Of
Mexico. lying almost e. our doors.
The broad ax., 1903-07-04

passeo IN the
corps. Gen. Haywood has seen the ma
rine corps grow from small body lit
tie regarded by the OtheT branches OF
the service into body Of nearly 1900
men, standing on q level IN the public
regard with the army and the navy.
The greater part Of this growth has
come since he was promoted 70 the
head Of the corps, ten years ego.
The CORDS Is three times as large 60
It was then. His own Eank was that
Of colonel. Il has been raised Bucees-
sively by congress 10 bFigRdier general
and major general. Gen. Haywood, In
person, has had more TO do with the
advancement Of the corps from its small
estate than any other man he has
commanded the respect o. congress ana
successive administrations, and he has
Neen regarded Is q soldier not involved
In any schemes and plots for personal
advancement.
The marine corps takes pride In It's
lighting record. II has seen service In
every war entered into by the United
States, and In proportion TO its numbers
it has acquitted itself with extraOrdi-
nary credit. Its enlisted men have the
reputation Of being better drilled and
Of preserving better discipline than the
enlisted men Of any other service. In
Col Waller the corps has one Of the few
really distinguished lighting nerves Of
the United States, and II Is due 70 Gen
Haywood and the esprit de corps which
he has cherished that much Of the re-
cent laurels have been won.
The broad ax., 1903-07-04
NJ ~ 81 - ~.

A projsct = on foot IN Geneva for
he sstabhShmsntof ssrial Excursions
to VIsH ths sGunnlt q Mont Blanc.
a eaptiEe balloon, controlled and
laEorod b. bgdFsulic power, . - b
fhs uaana e oonTeYance. Farss. -
psr had, incIudihg RI.0O0 insurlncs
Dolisy against Academia.
The broad ax., 1903-07-04

1cer whose com
mission dates far
ther back than the
commission Of any
other omcer Of
the military or
naval service.
Maj. Gen. Hey
wood entered the
service before the
civil war, and has
served continu-
ously ever since
with a record for
Eallantry not sur
The broad ax., 1903-07-04

IN tie nsWzpaDers- Re never scans 20
have had the faculty Of getting that par
teulaF kind of fame. and Jet be e ~
gArdsd n tbs var department 80 81
many WHyB tie most eccompl ishsd pro
tsa1ional solder q tie service During
and after TIE war with spain be vas
Gen cOrbina Es-l1iant q ne onss g
The broad ax., 1903-07-04

VII no A1elNlF
Tor q long time
ThieVing has
been discovered IN
the Omces Of the
District Of Colum-
bia and the cir
eumstances are 50
extraordinary that
the worthy eiti-
Gems who have
been congratulate
ing themselves for
years on the i'm
maculateness Of
The broad ax., 1903-07-04

Alaska's commerce last year, ex-
elusive Of gold production, rescued
81. Ooo, 900, or nearly three times IL
amount paid for the territory.
The broad ax., 1903-07-04

hcers Of the new
general star Of the
army. That e At
ting. II there Is as
sumed to Be any
merit IN the gen
eral star, for, with
the eLcoDaon Of
Secretary r cot,
Carter 81 RESPONSE
bic for its creation
more than any
Other one nan
Carter is not an
omcer whose name
The broad ax., 1903-07-04

The cost once sleuth.
There Is another man in the post Of
Zee Investigation who is Of quite Diff
The broad ax., 1903-07-04

Gen. HeyWOod 90 Retire.
The United States marine corps "a
about to lose as its commandant an Of
The broad ax., 1903-07-04

Gen. Carter on the stEG.
Brig. Gen. william II. Carter has
been named one Of the three general Of
The broad ax., 1903-07-04
BUSY DAYS N
WASHINGTON
Army and Post once Changes Keep
Things on TIE Move.
pefaIcatioa ~ District % oolanbta
OmoIaI-Msi. Gen. HsyFOOd 90
Retire frOH Marine Corps
Postal scandal Gossip.

washington.-Ths District Of Co
sumbia has had a shock from which it
The broad ax., 1903-07-04

Troubles Of the Postmaster General.
Just at the present moment Postmas-
ter General Payne is the object Of more