davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1903-01-16
The Tarir ON Gear.

What has become of the presidents
Recommendation that the .etarif ON an.
thracite coal should be removed and
anthracite pnt actually where 1t now Is
nominally, on the free list72s
This was the p recommendation OF
his message that met with universal
approval among the common people,
who wish that he had gone further and
asked for the removal OF the tariff on
all coal.
But congress seems no more disposed
to give the people .partial than COM
piete relief iron the oppression Of the
coal monopoly under the tariR.-Chica-
go Record-Herald.
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1903-01-16
Tried to Conceal III.

It's the old story Of murder will
OUT only in this cas- there's no crime
Awoman feels run down, has backache
or dyspepsia and thinks It's nothing
and tries to hide it until she finally
breaks down. Don't deceive yourself
Take Electric Bitters at once. It has
. reputation for. curing stomach. liver
and kidney troubles and will revivify
your whole system. The worst forms
Of those ailments yield quickly to the
curative powers OF Electric Bitters.
Only Soc, and guaranteed by Fallon.
the druggist.
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1903-01-16
The Calvo Doctrine.

The situation in Venezuela brings
Into prominence what is knoWn as the
-Calyo doctrine" upon which the Lat
in-American republics, Venezuela in
cluded in its present emergency, base
their pr tests against foreign inter
ference in the collection of claims.
This doctrine takes its name from Sc
nor Carlos Calvo, an eminent Argen-
tine statesman and historian, who rep
resented Paraguay at Paris and Lon
don and was a member Of the Histor-
ical institute of Paris and of the French
Academy of Moral and Political Sci
ence and who was a recognized author.
ity in all matters pertaining to Latin
America.
The principle laid down by Senior
Calvo was that foreign creditors must
first seek redress in the courts of the
country against which they have claims
before resorting to diplomatic or other
extraordinary pressure.
The Calvo doctrine has been recog-
nized by Americans in the asphalt
cases now pending in Venezuela. The
rival American claimants have submit
ted their case to the local courts, and
pending a decision this government has
refused to make any representations.
Naturally President Castro set up the
Calvo doctrine in protest against the
recent effort Of Germany and Great
Britain forcibly to collect claims which
had not been adjudicated by the Vene-
zuelan courts. Had the German and
British creditors recognized this doc
trine and first submitted their claims to
the local courts their standing would
have been much better. The implica-
ton that they could not get Justice In
Venezuela would at least then have
rested upon a more substantial basis
than mere assumption.
However, as the claims are now to
go before the international tribunal OF
The Hague for arbitration it is perhaps
not important that the allied creditors
ignored the Calvo doctrine, though 1t
Is reasonably certain that they would
not have moved in SO summary a fash
ion against an American state powerful
enough to pro,ect itself.
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1903-01-16

American Investments In Mexico.
There is much Of interest and signif-
n in a recent report Of United
States CopsIi General Barlow, station
ed at the City of Mexico, to the state
department at Washington touching
American investments in the republic
of Mexico. According to his statement,
citizens and former citizens OF the
United States have above $5O0.OO0,O00
invested there now In railroads, min
Ing and agricultural and manufactur-
ing industries. About 20 per cent of
this capital is invested in railroads, be-
Ing four-fifths Of all that Ii 80 en-
ployed In the country, and this has
been q potent force Id developing other
interests. About $sO,OOO,00O OF Amert
q money is invested in mining, intro
ducing improved machinery and meth
DDS which have not only opened new
mines, but made old ones more proftas
bic. Progress In agriculture is less
marked, and little more than a begin
ming has been made In manufacturing
enterprises, but In these directions
there Is promise Of great advance vet
to come.
Mexico now buys So per cent Of all
her imports from this country and
sends 50 per cent Of her exports Il
markets. Doubtless most, IL moi all,
that appears az a balance against us is
simply TIE proceeds Or profits Of In
vestments there, which are RENTED In
the form OF commodities whose value
Is realized on this side OF the line.
All this has come about BY the de-
velopnent of q stable government,
largely due to the long and salutary
administration Of President Diaz. The
progress nude BY Mexico In the last
quarter Of century furnishes a lesson
for Qther Spanish-American countries.
which will rise In the national scale
and advance In prosperity IN proportion
assthey maintain Just and stable rule.
making life and property safe and en-
~couraging foreign capital I'd engage in
the development OF their resources.
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1903-01-16

Mancate Your 8oWels with Cascarers.
Candy CaSGartic. cure constipation forever
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1903-01-16

Compliance With the Presidents
Recommendation Would Open the
Question Of Protection to Trusts
and Force the towards to Meet the
Dreaded Issue.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1903-06-23

in Texas seems doomed, and tbot
line of business will move north
ward to the Indian Territory and -
Oklahoma. But then the ones+ion
comes up, how long will it be before
the weevil gets into that part Of tho
country? The rate Of progress morrill,
ward is forty to sixty miles wear
and the weevil has now marched over
nearly half of Texas. Notice was
taken of the fact that a North Caro-
Iinian has done so foolish a thino
as to bring two of these curses TO
this State. They ought not to be al
lowed to live a minute. This much is
to be said about Texas and cotton
that if that State gets rid of the
weevil and machinery is invented to
pick cotton then the "Lone Star"
State can grow the cotton crop for
the whole United States, and cut
North Carolina and others out.
Governor Aycock and the writer
were talking about this a day or two
ago. North Carolina raises more cot
ton per acre than Texas. In fact,
this State and one other show the
largest yield per acre. But at what
a cost is this effect brought about
in North Carolina! The annual ex-
pense for fertilizer, bought from
manufacturers, is upwards of four
million of dollars annually, while
in Texas not a cent is expended for
this purpose. In fact, the writer was
told while in Texas that only one
carload of fertilizer had ever been
taken into that State, and that the
man who received it was at once in
formed that he would be arrested
if he did not Immediately remove it.
Col. F. A. Odds.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1903-06-23

One of the best farmers in the
county requested us to print the ar
ticle by Prof. Franklin Sherman,
Jr., which appeared in The Progress
sive Farmer of last week on the
Hessian Fly and the best means OF
combating it. We comply with the
request with great pleasure. This
pest has cost CASTOR County thou
sands and the State tens of thou
sands of dollars this year. The
means of destroying this pest ut
terly do not seem to be known as
yet, unless, as suggested IN u W
agricultural department in u IS
sue of May u, the total abandonment
of wheat and rye production for a
year or two should produce that
happy result. But this plan IS so
difficult of universal observance as 10
render it impractible. The next DeSI
means of combating the pest, as
set forth by the State EntomoIogl7I'
in the article aforementioned, Will
be found to be of practical appIlca-
ton, and the more widely his me'n-
DDS are adopted and the more tal'n-
fully they are carried out, the more
satisfactory will the results be to
the wheat-grower. We trust that all
of our readers who are planters u
small grain will read Professor 0n7I
mans article carefully and observe
in concert, as. widely as pos7loI''
both at this harvest-time and III liz
autumn's seed time, the dlrec'IoH
he has given for reducing the SER
business of this insects raTageS
u crops of wheat and rye'-0''
tonia Gazette.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1903-06-23

The American Telegraph and Tele-
phone Company is experimenting
this summer, through the Bureau of
Forestry, with methods of lengthen-
ing the lasting powers of cedar and
chestnut poles. The Bureau has sent
several men to Wilmington, N. c., to
study the loss of weight by cedar
poles under proper methods of sea-
sOning and the increased length of
service of the poles which seasoning
and preserving bring about. Similar
work is being carried on near Harris
burg, Pa, with chestnut poles.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1903-06-23
The Cotton Boil Weevil in Texas.

The cotton boll-weevil is the curse
of Texas. The writer was in Texas
in April and told, it is thought for
the first time, of what the aggregate
loss was last year to that State, the
best estimate, privately gathered,
showing a loss of 100000 bales. I'm
less some way is discovered of get
ting rid of this pest the cotton crop
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1903-06-23

Clinton Democrat: Mr.. P. F. Stew
ems wears the belt as the champion
cabbage raiser. We saw one from his
crop at the retail store of Nj. R. B.
Switzerland that weighed % pounds.
The aggregate amount of straw
berries shipped from Clinton alone
this season is in round numbers 1900
crates; and at an average of $3.50
per crate would reach $4,000.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1903-06-23

where, for no soil can be made per-
manently fertile without it.
Where the soil contains little or
ganic matter the exhaustion of the
nitrogen by teaching and the partial
-uselessness of the other elements in
consequence, has led many people to
the opinion that all fertilizers will
really do the second year when ap-
piled in liberal quantities. [ will re-
fer to some experiments along this
line conducted by Mr.. @. P. Hudson,
of Ard, Arkansas.
In 1901 Nh. Hudson fortified a
piece of land for corn, using 600
pounds of acid phosphate, 120 pounds
muriate of potash and 200 pounds
of nitrate of soda per acre. The
yield was twenty bushels per acre.
His corn, on similar adjoining, where
no fertilizer was used, produced only
eight and one-half bushels per acre.
This showed an increase of eleven
and one-half bushels per acre on the
fortified land.
In 1902, the same land was again
planted in corn. The yield was better
this season; his unfertilized corn pro-
ducing twelve bushels per acre. On
the land which was fortified the pre-
vious year, nothing was applied ex-
cept nitrate of soda, at the same rate
as before. The yield this year, how
ever, was twenty-nine bushels per
acre, showing an increase of seven
teen bushels to the acre over the I'M
fortified plot.
The fertilizer in this instance was
applied at the rate of 92O pounds per
acre the first year. The crops failed
to utilize it all the first season and
the unused phosphoric acid and pot
ash vas there ready to be taken up
by the next years crop.
To make commercial fertilizer a
blessing to the farmer, however, it
should be used to improve the soil,
and not simply to make the crop.
While these fertilizers are valuable
and can be made to pay as a direct
application to any crop in the drill,
their greatest value in general farm
ing is to assist in growing those
leguminous crops, like cow-peas,
which build up the soil on a perma-
nent foundation.
F. j. MERRIAM.
F7,1+OD 10 %
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1903-06-23


fertilizers exhaust themselves the
first year; that they act simply as
a stimulant, and that their after
effects tend rather to make the soil
poorer instead of richer. This be-
lief is strengthened by observations
of some who noticed a gradual fall
ing off of yields, although they had
used fertilizers each each on the
same land, in small quantities. We
must acknowledge facts, it is true;
but did it ever occur to you that
there might be some other cause re-
sponsibIe for this diminution in
yield, beside the fertilizers? The
fact is, that this same commercial
fertilizer has gotten many of u
farmers into very bad habits. They
have come to depend too much upon
the guano to make their crops and
pay too little attention to the me-
chanical or physical condition of the
SO1' Ldnu, WHICH, IL "Ou1u OGnOA
wise have been necessary to turn out
long ago for nature to rebuild or
else be subjected to some systematic
renovating process, is stimulated
(you see, I use the word) into one
more effort each year to produce a
crop. And so the game goes on with
the farmer sure to lose out in the
end.
But, is it the fault of the fertili-
ger? Have you ever done anything
to that land to make it produce be-
sides scratch it about four inches
deep with a scooter pillow, and apply
a mere smell-about 200 pounds of
guano per acre? The analysis on
the stack shows us that this 200
pounds of fertilizer contains about
"a pounds or % pounds of plant
food, worth from $1.6O to $500, while
a crop of cotton, to produce 800
pounds of lint per acre, must draw
from the soil about JOG pounds of
plant food, worth $1O.86. When we
remember, however, that over half
of this plant food is nitrogen, and
that this nitrogen represents over
three-fourths of the total value of
the plant food removed, and further
more, when we know hat this nitro
gen or ammonia may be obtained
from the air by growing leguminous
crops, we begin to see that some
method of farming which will in
clude its capture, must be adopted.
Now from my own experience, [
know that the effect of commercial
fertilizer will continue for a good
many years; especially the elements
phosphoric acid and potash. Nitro
gen teaches away largely, except
where it has been converted into or
ganic matter.
To secure lasting effects from
commercial fertilizers they should be
applied to the whole surface of the
land, not a little driblet under. the
row and the same crop planted which
will convert them into structural
growth, using their help to capture
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1903-06-23
What to Do with the Strawberry Fields
after Fruiting.
Editor of The Progressive Farmer:


The most successful strawberry
growers pillow up their fields as soon
as the berries are all gathered and
SOW them in cowpears, thus putting
the land in perfect filth to reset
in strawberries the following fall,
winter or sprin, as may be most con-
venient. But the vast majority of
growers gather two and sometimes
three crops of berries from the same
field.
How to do this successfully is the
object of this article. Bar off with
a turning pillow the strawberry rows,
leaving unplowed a strip about a foot
wide containing the plants. On this
strip chop out the plants, leaving
them about eighteen inches apart.
Always leave young Gone year old)
plants instead of old ones when pos
sible. In this chopping out also kill
all weeds and grass. A week or ten
days later SOW cotton seed meal at
the rate of 800 to 1000 pounds an
acre in the furrow left on each side
of the row. Then split out the mid
dies, throwing the earth closely
around the plants but not on them,
or they will be smothered.
WIan0ron -nno4Sooh1n +h01JOh
with a large acreage it is not usually
practicable, it pays to burn off the
field or bed before barring off. To
do this NOV the foliage of the
plants as closely as possible. Then
loosen up the straw used as a mulch
and on a dry breezy day, after the
moved foliage has got dry, set fire to
the field along the border to wind
ward. If there is a fair quantity of
foliage or mulch the field will burn
quickly over, leaving the soil as clean
as a floor. Weeds, seed and any in
sect pest that may chance to be
pICSC1IG WILL 1ICCG C1C44 JuOSA1CA4G
day; to a novice the strawberry
plants will seem to have done SO too.
But seeming will be all.
In a week, or earlier if it rains, in
the fre-blackened, Sahara-like field
a magic transformation will take
place. Every strawberry plant will
have put forth leaves of the most
vivid and beautiful growth. The
rows can then be barred off, chopped
out, fortified and treated as above
directed.
Subsequent cultivation should be
the same as for young felds-shal-
low blowing with a small tooth cult
vator and shallow hand hoeing fire.
quent enough to kill all grass and
weeds before they come and to keep
the crust on the soil broken. This is
all important as in a dry time it
greatly lessons evaporation and mini
mixes the effect of drought.
O. W. BLACKNALL.
Vance Co., N. @.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1903-06-23
The After Effects of Commercial Fer
fiIizors
tilizers.

Editor of The Progressive Farmer:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1903-08-28

In eighteen hundred ind ninety nine. dot Upton
man. he said
I'll build boat to lift dot Cup. yacht racing dot
Is dead"
He telephoned by Mr.. Fife to make him dot design,
A great big yacht NIT great big sails 10 sail der
ocean brine.
He took dot emblem OF good luck der Shamrock
for a name,
IND shouted dot NIT such yacht he'd get dcre
yust der same;
But bad luck come unto dot boat. II seemed like
she yes cursed:
Columbia left him far behind und dot is leaf der
First.
Den comes in nineteen hundred one, Tom got mud
der boat:
IND do, vcs quite lovely ship. so lne as What can
noat
Dot Second Shamrock. like der nrst, come here to
LIT dot Cup
IND moved II down ind turned 1t round but could
not lift II up;
Good sallormcns What knowed II all said she would
cross der line
She crossed It quick. but what's der use, She
didn't make der time
Den peoples said us not der boat der fault lies nit
der crew
But What did We care whose der fault1 Dots leav.
ing Two.
Now yet once more Sir Thomas comes und brings
a boat init speed:
Der English want TO shange der name but he said.
WHAT'S der need"
He called dot Shamrock Number Three uud fought
he'd win der race,
Cause Erln's emblem Shamrock leaf had never
seen disgrace;
Ifc sailed her on der windy side so quick blr,,
cant fly.
Und turned her round behind der wind nit sails
away up high:
But Number Tree got left dot time Reliance clipped
her wing.
TN all der sallormans are glad und dis Is What dey
sing
Three leaves of Shamrock: Sir Thomas Llpton's
Shamrock
Shamrock der First
Got left der worst
Der Second most der same.
More Sharrocks won't come over
Unless der four leaf clover.
Der lucky kind
Are hard 10 ind
But dcy are never left behind.
Sir Thomas now can tell der King
Nc got no Shamrocks moro TO bring
Nhat7 SNKHpg.-
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1903-08-28
Yesterdays Yachting Failure

An anti-climax is one OF the most
dispiriting evils which beset the path
of aspiring humanity. Consequently the
fifth meeting Of Shamrock III. and
Reliance, which must take place to-
morrow, is likely to be but dull affair
1t will probably be like the superfiuous
third act of badly made comedy
But Reliance must defeat the challenger
three times in all before the historic
Cup may be put back into the locker to
await the fourth voyage Of Sir THOMAS
LIPToN to these hospitable, yet nauti-
cally ungenerOus, shores.
Yesterdays failure WAS especially I'M
fortunate, because the American cham
pion had her opponent beaten from
start to finish. The wind was SO light
that the possibility of finishing the
race was questionable from the moment
the competitors went over the line, both
of them after the expiration Of the
handicap time. In such conditions it
was perhaps fortunate that the race
was not completed within the time limit.
1t was not a race; it was procession,
and very poor procession at that.
We have heard good deal about the
Shamrocks being a wonder at turning
to windward in light weather; but the
only wonder yesterday was that aroused
byher sluggishness. The speed of Sham
rock III. in light airs has been sadly
overestimated, and her crew has learned
that to beat Shamrock |. is pleasant
pastime compared with the struggle
to keep within signalling distance OF
Reliance.
Are there any conditions in which the
challenger would give anxiety to the
ships company on board the defender?
Perhaps those conditions might be found
in 25-knot breeze, when club topsails
could not be carried to windward, and
a lively sea, which would operate I'M.
pleasantly ON Reliances broad, fiat
bow. But in beat to windward and
return in 2O-Anot breeze and a moderate
sea, a triangular race with a moderate
breeze and no sea and windward and
leeward race with very light wind and
the ocean like millpond Reliance has
been consistently the leading yacht.
1t seems fair to conclude, therefore,
that there are no conditions in which the
challenger could defeat the defender,
hence the postponement OF the final race
is only a prolongation Of the agony Of
Sir THOMAS Upton.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1903-08-28
1t Was a Famous Victory.

This famous victory OF the Hon. ION
JoHNsoN-what does it amount to? Moth
ing for this year: that is admitted. Much
for next year: that is expected. What Is
the discount value Of the expectation?
Tom has the Ohio Democratic State
Committee. Therefore, Tom will be able
to send johnson delegation to the Dem
ocratic National Convention.
Well, suppose nothing happens to
his plans, suppose the Ohio Democrats
cannot or will not resent his rough
handed and two-faced policy or put
his machine out of business. What
prestige will Tom JOHNSON bring into
that national convention2
He expects to be beaten at the polls
next November. There is every pros
pect that he will be beaten monu-
mentally. If he is, he will be an instruc-
tive instance of the WITHDRAWING power
of Organism.
TOMS nomination may be a worse
thing for him than for his Democratic
opponents.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1903-08-28

new Cunarders are in an advanced stage.
and 1t is expected that one OF the vessels
will be built on the Clyde and the other
on the northeast coast of England. They
are to be built in conformity to plans
and specifications approved by the
Admiralty, and, in pursuance OF British
naval practice, it is intended to make
the machinery for the two ships in du-
plicate, or, in other words, to adopt the
principle of standardization. 1t is as
yet too early to analyze the plans in de-
tail, but Engineering is convinced that
they will be acknowledged to represent
the most satisfactory compromise be-
tween the requirements of passenger
and mail service and those of merchant
cruiser duty in times of war
Is the outlay required for the high
speed contemplated by the Cunard COM
pany for its new passenger steamers
justitiable from commercial point OF
view? Engineering admits that, viewed
separately, high speed in steamships
may not pay, just as it is doubtful
whether in England high speed rail-
way, deprived OF mineral traffic, could
be successful financially. There seems
to be no doubt, however, that one branch
of steamship service materially assists
the other The prestige secured by the
attainment of the speed record has a
tendency to attract business even to the
freight steamships Of company.