davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1903-05-17

The great step from gill-breathing
to lung-breathing is the one
that opened a new world for the verte-
brates. Now this step is not to be
sought between man and the lung
breathing amphibian. 1t lies between
the amphibian and the fish, There must
have been an animal once that passed
from one form to the other-the bridge
between gill and lung. t
The frog is a higher amphibian. We
must look to a lower form. Such a
one is the salamander. We must hunt
for a lizard-fish.
i Now our study. of evolution leads us
10 believe that from the world of the
ancient amphibans there sprang two
great branches-one became a land
walking folm, and. finally man. The
other became the bridge.
We know the link-form between am
phibians and birds. 1t is the archaeop-
teryx, the lizard-bird. It's remains are
fairly plentiful We know that it had
feathers and wings, a crocodile jaw
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1903-05-17

with teeth, a long lizard tail and liz
ards claws on its wing bones.
The Lizard-Fish.
So the imaginat ton must picture the
hzardfish as a half-and-half creature
"a thing with two lungs in it's breast
and gills on its throat.
In 1885 Johann Natterer discovered
living creature in the Amazonian
swamps that approached these re-
quirements. 1t had scales and was
formed like an eel. 1t had fully-de-
veloped gills, and it had also, a fully
developed pair of lungs and all the
Including apparatus for lung breath
ing including nostrils.
Scientists We're still in bitter battle
about this paradox Lepidosiren Para
doXus they, calledAit at last) when a
similar fish was found in Africa.
For thirty years the two creatures
We're Nightmares to science. Some de-
clared that they were fish, and the
lungs belied the finest theories. Some
tried to relegate them to the amphib-
ians, and they upset the whole world
of amphibia.
Then came Darwin. And in ten
years the world began to accept the
two creatures as link-forms.
Through the fossils found then, we
learned that in a very remote period
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1903-05-17

The centenary of Emerson, which
occurs on the 25th of this month, is an
event of such importance in the liter
airy world that one is led to wonder
why more preparation is not being
made for it's observance and why more
publishers, through their various pc
riodicals, have not devoted considera-
BILE space TO that great and good man
who did so much for the uplifting of
American letters throughout his life.
One circumstance is, indeed, worthy
of particular note. A complete edition
of Emerson is to be issued on the CEN
tenary day, an edition which shall in
clude everything that Emerson wished
to have published and in exactly the
form and language which he chose to
represent him. 1t seems unavoidable
in these days of many editions to
make a perfect collection of an au-
thor's writings. Either the publishers
themselves decide that some things
had better be omitted or the ambitious
editor makes changes in the copy. 1t
is fortunate that, in the case of Elmer
son, specific directions were left before
his death as to the manner in which
he wished his works to appear and,
now, for what is probably the first
time, the edition will be both COM
plete and entirely Emersonian.
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1903-05-17

ceived a big four-foot long carp-like
fish. And this fish had gills and scales
but also a lung-one single lung.
Now as DR.. Krefft examined the
mouth of the strange monster, he
found not the ordinary fishes teeth
but only four big teeth with their
crowns indented like the comb of a
rooster.
And such teeth had been found long
before-fossil teeth belonging to the
dim past. The creature to which they
had belonged was still unknown, but it
had always been classed with the
fishes. Agassiz had christened the un-
known beings Ceratodus-meaning
Horn Breathers." sa
Now DR. Krefft held in his hand
freshly captured thing that was not
only a "lizard- fsh,h't but actually had
the teeth of the lost iCeratodus.
Krefft did not hesitate to name his
find Ceratodus F'orsterii. Eater, when
the expression of the caudal end of an
extinct Ceratodus was found and final
ly,' when a preserved skull of one
was uuearthed, it Was proved that the
most unexpected of unexpected things
had Happened creature that had
been accounted extinct millions of
years ago, was living in the world of
to-day.
Yet for twenty years the knowledge
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1903-05-17
stages that characterize frogs.
Mans Marine Ancestor.
First Lizard~FiSheS

stages that characterize frogs.
Mans Marine Ancestor.
So in the Ceratodus we now recog-
nize a true survivor of the lizard-fishes,
and thus an ancestor of mantle par
ticular ancestor that we have to thank
for our lungs.
And the Ceratodus furnishes an IL
lustration of how that lung developed
from the gills.
The African relative of the Cerato-
dus swims merriy in the water and
breathes honestly through his gills as
long as the water lasts. When the
droughts come he buries himself In the
mud and breathes cheerfully through
his two lungs.
But the Ceratodus can live only in
streams that never go entirely dry.
His one lung is not so able as the two
lungs of the African fish.
Now where the Ceratodus lives, the
extreme of drought goes only so far
as to dry the main stream, leaving wa
ter holes here and there. Into these
holes crowds everything that needs wa
ter to live. Soon the densely-packed
creatures exhaust the oxygen in the
water holes. The water becomes foul,
and the creatures that have only gills
are in dire trouble. Hordes of the true
fishes die.
But the Ceratodus remains we'll and
happy. He keeps his nostrils above
the surface and breathes the upper air
with his lungs.
How the Lung Began.
Now let us imagine that gray, dim
time when there stood mighty forests
of fern and other long-past growths
that we burn to-day as anthracite
Picture waters that experienced Pc
riodical droughts like those Australian
waters of to-day. Now think of those
ancient water holes crowded with
an advantage the existence of a lung
struggling forms, and you see what
meant for the survival of the Cera-
todus.
OF course, you will object that the
mere fact that the lung was an adj
vantage, could not produce one.
Where did the lung come from? Ger
atodus shows us. The lung did not
fall on him from the blue sky.
The true fish owns a. well-known
organ-the swimming bladder. This
air-infleted bladder regulates his
weight for him, giving him the same
specific weight as is that of the water
where he lives. Anatomically this
swimming bladder belongs to the
alimentary canal. In many fish there
is an air-connection with this canal.
The inference is simple that such an
air-filled sac might have served on
occasion for taking air into the blood;
that is, for breathing.
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1903-05-17

of the worlds story, very near to the
very oldest, the only existing repre-
sentatives of vartebrates were fish.
Then, in the carboniferous age, mill
lions of years ago and yet long after
that remote f1sh-age, the amphibians
appeared. Somewhere between those
two periods, then, there must have
occurred the change of one or more
of the fishes to lung breathing, land
dwelling animals. That must have
been the great time of the lizard-tish,
if the lizard-fish were the links
1t would have been fine, then, had
it been possible to discover fossil re-
mains of lizard-fish. If one could
have laid the bones of the ancient
creature alongside the bones of the
living one, and proved their resem-
blance, the world would have had a
valuable. living, demonstratable proof
of the truth of evolution!
But it seemed as if no such proof
would ever be found. None of the
ancient fossil-beds showed a lizard
fish. sa.s .s.
AustraIia's Missing Link.
Then in 1869. the land of the living
Uniforms, Australia, produced it. And
the proof was a tooth
One day Gerhart Krefft, curator OF
the museum of Sydney, Queensland, re-
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1903-05-17
MMMmgmgmmMMgMMM MM@MMgzMaMggM

Last week l lunched with jerks and
Rupert Hughes,
And both men said some pleasant
things of youse,
Though Rupert's spent some moons on
Albion's Isle
His accent has not changed bit the
while:
He apes not Englishmen because the
man
Is first and last true blue American.
What do you think doth now engage
my pen?
men,
For use in schools the book will be
when done
And when complete I'll win lot of
or Gilbert Stuart I've already writ
And kindly friends declare I've made
hit.
The joke is this; it is not in my line,
And at the start thought must de-
cline.
But reading up" within the Astor
Is in itself distinctly worth the while,
And then the shaping Of the tales l
find
Is work distinctly pleasant to my mind;
So that you see for me had been a
loss
If / had said, This bridge I cannot
cross"
We all are well, and hope that you're
the same,
And send regards to you and kid and
dame.
Write 10 me soon; like your letters
Well
No more just now.
Sincerely yours.
"Bettell."
r. s. As one who makes not rhyme
his craft
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1903-05-17
THE LITERARY OUTLOOK
Emersons Centenary Next Week-Dickens UnriValed Re-
ception-ToWnsends Yellow journalism.
LOOMS to Phillips in Rhyme.
By HERBERT BREWSTER.

Mr.. F. B. Sanborn, who, with Chan
ming, 'Thoreau and Alcott, knew Emer-
son most intimately for nearly thirty
years and associated with him daily
in his Concord home, relates story of
Emerson which touches a side of him
as a poet which no one had hitherto
remarked.
This sense of rythm or time in mu
Sic writes Mr.. Sanborn, che had per-
fectly; when he transgressed it was
from purposed disregard thereof; but
of tune in music he had none or the
very faintest conception. He shared
this defect with many eminent poets;
but his young friends, Thoreau an&
Ellery Charming, had the musical ear,
and therefore have occasionally sur
passed Emerson in the harmonies of
verse. When they did so he was not
always aware of the fact, from this
very defect. OF that, however, he was
fully aware, and used to tell a story
against himself on the subject. He said
that, when he went with other lads,
to be taught vocal music by a blind
vocalist, and they were all requested
to 'sound-and that is, to run UP and
down the scale a little with their
notes.-the blind man said. when he
heard Emerson's Intellectual notes:
That boy need not come again; he
cannot learn to sing"
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1903-05-17

into e. w. Townsend's Lees and
Leaven," recently brought out in book
form, he was directed to secure the
right from the publishers. The pub
fishers arranged with Mr.. Townsend
for the use of the story in this man
ner, but, meantime, the yellow" pa
per's editor had found time to finish
the story.
Were awfully sorry" he telephoned
to the publishers, but when we finish
ed the story we found that Townsend
had painted too accurate a picture of
us in the latter part, and we'll have to
give up the idea of using the story"
1t was an unconscious bit of praise
for Mr. Townsend's book that, because
he had shown up yellow" journalism
so keenly, a self-confessed yellow
newspaper did not dare publish it, al
though they were anxious to have it.
When Mr.. Townsend heard of the Gu
rious decision, he chuckled and said:
Il hardly thought they would be
able to do it, but / thought they might
have the nerve to run the story and,
when they came to the yellow journal
ism part. to illustrate ii with pictures
of the editors of a rival yellow paper"
The following letter in rhyme from
Charles Battell LOOMS to Henry Wal
lace Phillips will interest all those who
like to hear about authors and their
doings:
Fanwood, the second month, the second
day,
Dear Phillips.
Bear with me while / pray.
Long have / read and now the page
grows stale:
Walking is barred, for loudly roars the
gale;
Talking IL also off, for down below
The good wife reads the children tales
by Poe.
/ do not smoke, TO drink am asham-
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1903-05-17

Why then if that 1 write must 1 be
blamed?
How goes it with yourself and wife and
child?
Have you these roaring winds, or is it
mild
Upon that island home wherein you
dwell?
I'll wager not. The blasts must blow
like hell.
But blasts that blow in hell are al
ways hot,
And those in Richmond, I'll be bound,
are not.
How wags the world and how doth
wag the pen?
Linn you the habits and the ways of
men
Whose strenuous days and roaring
nights are passed =
In boom towns hot and rolling prai-
rie's vast2
And do the shekels beat against thy
door,
SILVER thy panes and roll about the
Quite lately I took train to Boston
town
And saw the man who runs the book
called Brown.
/ found he was a man both good and
true.
<auu many lhli8s ne bhiu 10 ne OF you.
That serial tale he published yester
year
Brought comments in his mail far and
near.
One said (of mis- remarks this is the
gisD,
1.-THE West he writes OF never did ex-
ist"-
One wrote. II read his tale with fervid
zest,
IT'S easy seen he sure does not know
the West"
And !. dear boy, who'ye heard you
talk. fOrsooth
Know of the twain the latter spoke
the truth
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1903-05-17
N. Schultz,
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St. Julian and Whitaker Streets,

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The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1903-05-17

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seamless, two thread, Isle finish,
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The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1903-05-17
I feel quite proud. This is my only
draught.
SOME WASHINGTON GOSSIP.


he has dragged about the hospital SO
long. He is very small for his eleven
years, but is an unusually active child
and has walked almost constantly since
his feet were operated on. He used his
feet so much that the two-inch thick
ness of plaster and bandage on the bot
toms of his feet was worn through, and
let part of the soles of his feet, touch
the ground. When DIR. Lorenz treated
the little fellows feet at Providence
Hospital last December he kneaded
them between bags of sand and tore all
the muscles and ligaments lose from
the bones and then worked them into
normal shape.
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1903-05-17

In certain existing forms of true
fishes we have found the little begin
nings of such development.
In the Ceratodus the development
became complete.
Along the wall of the swimming
bladder there began to form air-suck-
ing blood vessels; the mouth of the
bladder began to lengthen from the
depths of the canal toward the mouth,
as it was used more and more to suck
in air. The air passage became a
wind pipe, and the swimming bladder
lung.
The Final Growth of the Lung.
Now let us think farther. In the
course of centuries, perhaps many cen
turtles, some of the water holes became
entirely dry. Then everything died thae
had not advanced beyond the stage of
Ceratodus, the creature of one lung.
needing at least some water.
To picture any survivors, we must
picture a creature that had gone be-
yond the old Ceratodi-a creature that
had reached a still higher state of COM
formity to conditions, like the African
| two-lunged fish that can live in sun
baked mud.
And then another step. The water
disappears entirely and forever at last
from some of the holes. The lizard
| their lungs exclusively began to wrig-
| gle across country to seek wet places
| elsewhere.
Now geology tells us that at this
/ time, in the Devonian epoch, most
| areas of the world held shallow waters
that became smaller and smaller
steadily partly from evaporation and
partly from draining away in the sands
that now form our 'old red sandstone"
when the Fish Became Amphibians.
The lizard-fish had to wander often
| err and oftener, farther and farther.
The swimming bladder lungs became
strengthened more and more. The gills
| degenerated more and more. At last
they appeared only in the unripe forms
| during cubation-"ancestral por-
traits" shown to-day in the unborn
birds, fSd more plainly in the frog,
while it is still 'pollywog, only to
disappear entirely with growth.
The lizard-fish had become a lizard,
! an amphibian!
They surely are not particularly
agreeable or attractive animals, these
lizard fish
In the museum the layman would
probably overlook them in his interest
in the mass of fishes that seem far
more curious and bizarre. And yet, how
bmuch hides behind these oldest lung
breathers in the world!
Millions of years ago those lizard
fish of the Devonian or the Carbonifer-
GUS age played their role-the great adj
vancement of life. Then they became
4 almost lost. They disappeared from
the lands where culture, the ideal sun
blossom of nature, unfolded itself. No
tie seemed to remain between their last
/ survivors in the swamps of Africa or
South America and in two lost streams
Of Australia, and the line of light that
began to arise in. the life of earth far
upward for the animal.
And yet from this line of light, from
culture, there grows one day the great
desire for knowledge. And after the
neasureless procession of time it turns
back to the lizard-fish; it seeks him in
his lonely Queensland wastes and helps
him to a wonderful resurrection.
i 1t is the true resurrection of nature
| through the spirit.
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1903-05-17

The other day one OF the leading
yellow" newspapers decided 70 secure
a story OF New York for daily serial
and, as one OF the editors had dipped
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1903-05-17
EDUCATIONAL.
MOrtOn's School ior Boys,

Ill Park Avenue. West.
Prepares for college; fits for busi-
ness"
]. r. MORTON, NJ. A., Principal
r. r. l.. FARMER, M. A., Principal.
II. c. SOMMERVILLE, NJ. A.. First
Assistant.
MISS EDITH JOHNSON. Second Asst.
The Kimball graphic. (Kimball, Brule County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1905, 1903-07-17
POPE STILL IMPROVES.
Pontiff Dressed Himself Yesterday and
Participated in the celebra-
ton Of Mass.

Rome. July 13.-Pope Leo has lived to
see another Sunday. and with the Sab
bath quiet which fell upon Rome came
also peace and even progress to the
pontiff. Beginning in the morning with
distinct signs Of Improvement. he main
tanned this throughout the day.
Last night DR.. Lapponi made the fol-
lowing important statement in answer
to the question IL he believed that the
improvement in the pope's condition
could continue: 81 believe that If the
improvement continues until July Il
we may not perhaps achieve an abso-
Lutte cure. but VIZ will secure such O
general state Of health in the patient
as will allay u anxiety"
During the morning h pontiff par
ticipated in the celebration OF mass.
The ceremony was held in the chapel
adjoining the sick chamber, Mgr. Mar
zoni being h celebrant. The door
connecting the sick room with the
chapel was opened so that his holiness
might follow the service. He insisted
that DR.. Papponi and his valet, Contra,
should leave his side and enter the
chapel in order to better hear the mass.
The history Of the day wae eompara-
lively u~neventful. The pontiff had sew
eral hours repose, DR.. Papponi resting
physician twice administered injec-
strengthen the heart. and another in
lection Of can1phor-caflene to over
throw he patients growing depres-
The Kimball graphic. (Kimball, Brule County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1905, 1903-07-17
MAY CONSOLIDATE.
". p. S. c. e., B.. Y. p. U. and Epworth
League Propose Getting
Tone<har

Denver, Colo, July ia movement
of signal Importance in the religious
world has been launched by the Chris
tan Endeavor convention in session
here.
1t is a tentative proposal to work for
the amalgamation Of the Christian En-
deavor society, the Epworth league
and the Baptist Young Peoples union,
and it will be presented In the form Of
a petition from the Endeavorers to the
other two national bodies.
ITO evangelize h world" This is
the keynote Of the noted ministerial
orators Of this country and England
who, by their zeal and eloquence, are
stirring the souls Of the large audi
ences which attend the sessions OF the
Endeavor convention. That a definite
plan of carrying on the work will be
adopted before the convention adjourns
is probable.
At sunrise services in five of the city
churches this morning were attended
by thousands of delegates. The con-
ference Of state, district and local union
officers began at 10 q. m. Well consid-
cred addresses containing many valu-
able suggestions to the workers were
delivered. simultaneously the conven-
ton proper was III session in 3. large
tent in Camp Endeavor." Our Re
sources and How to Develop Them"
was the toYic OF he day.
The Kimball graphic. (Kimball, Brule County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1905, 1903-07-17
HE GOT HIS MAN.
Man Wounds son-in Law and Then
Finishes the Job on the ope-
rating Table,

rating laoIes
Button, Ind, July l4.-John Terrell.
6. wealthy farmer living near Petro-
leum, nine miles north OF this city,
killed his ~son-in-law, Melvin Wolfe,
yesterday afternoon, firing both bar
Wolfe lay on a doctors operating ta-
BILE to have a leg amputated, this be-
ing necessitated by a wound from Ter
rells gun, fired a short time before.
-Four a ago Wolfe married Ter
rell's daughter. Wolfe deserted the
girl, it is said, leaving her with a child
In her arms. A suit was brought to
compel him to support his wife.
1t is claimed Wolfe today twice
drove past the Terrell home. shouting
insulting remarks and and shaking his
fist at Terrell. The third time he drove
past Terrell jumped from some bushes
along he roadside and fired at his SON
in-law with a double barreled shotgun.
The first charge shattered Wolfe's leg.
The second barrel missed.
Wolfe was hurried to the office Of
DR.. Saunders at Petroleum and placed
on an operating table to have the leg
amputated. While a crowd stood
around watching the doctor, Terrell
came up from his home in q buggy,
broke in the doors Of the Doctors Of
flee, drove out the crowd at the point
of his gun, and with the remark, II
am after him, and I am going to get
him yet" fired both barrels into his
son-in-law's head.
Wolfe was terribly mutilated.
Terrell got in his buggy, loaded up
his shotgun and pointed it at the mob
that hastily formed. held it at bay and.
drove to the sheriff's residence. He II
in iail,