The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1903-08-11

al monarchs.t If today IN ,eh resn %osi'
Catholic and nom Catholic, there IS respeG.
for conscience, 1T is due to the papa Ky
battles of conscience, and to the civil
independence OF The papacy, which en-
abed the poges 20 fight these na conscience
always and everywhere survive II i ,,o
defense be left to the individual: ana iia
general representative of its rights ps
enthroned SO high above all coH ma snIis
est liberty? This Is H question upon
which thinking men may well ponaert.
How far imperialism might go, or mlent
wish to go, towards the enslavemne zass o1
the spiritual. we can judge from PRUSSIA
under Bismarck's May laws, or from
Russia under the workings of the hoiy
synod.
In the future, as in the past, for the de,
Tense of conscience, the world VIII need
the pope; and the pope, TO TO-, oelen 1 oi tn1
supremacy of conscience, VIII n ie CIV,
independence. 1t was considerations Such
as these that one day brought M Inlers
to speak to France a truth most pro
found, however paradoXlcal the form uI
der which he clothed it, In order tna'
the spiritual and temporal remain Sepa-
rated elsewhere in the world. in Rome
they must be united"
The Position of Leo.
Every pope would re-echo the words
which, in 1887, Leo XIII. addressed TO Car
dinal Rampolla, his secretary of state:
I'VE have ever, as in duty bound claimed
real sovereignty. for the Roman pontif.
not from ambition, or for worldly glory,
but as true and efficacious guarantee or
his independence and freedom. Ana
every bishop would subscribe to the dec
laration made to Plus TX. by the hundreds
of prelates assembled in Rome in 1862:
Eve recognize the civil princedom OF the
holy see as a necessary institution and as
manifestly founded by the providence of
God, and we do not hesitate to declare
that. in the present condition OF human
things this civil prfncedom is altogether
requisite to the salutary and free govern
! ment of the church and of souls. For the
head of the wheIeechurch must be subject
to no sovereign the IGNORED guest of none,
but be established in his own domain and
his own princedom, and be in every re-
Spect his own master.
Hence, in political occurrences which, in
the days when modern ChriStendom- was
being built upon the ruins of the Roman
empire led to the geivil sovereignty of the
pope, Catholics have seen the guiding hand
From the Roman forum there went out
the highways which led to the remotest
frontiers of a mighty empire, universal in
It's scope, and almost universal in its ex-
tent. Over them marched, with the Ro-
| man legions, the learning. the art, the
commerce of Rome. The milestones, whose
numerals the wayfarer read in his prog
ress proclaimed the distance of cities and
tribes from Rome, and measured their i'm
portance and their culture. Rome's royal
nobleness". marked her out as worthy
seat of the mighty empire that began on
the plains of Judea and Galilee-an en-
| pire which, though in an entirely different
order, was destined to be greater than the
empire of the Caesars had ever been-to
be, in fact, what Rome'S temporal empire
had striven in vain to be. an empire uni
versal and eternal. OF this new empire
Peter held the scepter, and in Rome he
placed the seat Of its power. LAS in the
all human events have been ordered to-
| wards Christ and his church, so ancient
Rome and Its empire were founded for the
sake of Christian Rome' Rorne's empire
appeared in Daniels vision the greatest, as
| it was the last, of the five great empires
which were to precede and emblematize
the empire of Christ. The city of Rome
itself had been declared by its seers and
poets the s'sUrbs Aeterna' the Eternal
City. the fated destiny of whose sons was
to rule the nniyersef 315.aa. =, 54oS
,,Iu regere gimperio, populos, Romano,
What was seen in vision by Hebrew
prophet. and foretold by Roman seer was
to be fulfilled in the fisherman of Galilee
And so did it come to pass that when
the church, had attained its normal form
ana stature, its supreme pontif. the sue,
, eessor of Peter, was found to be lowered
ereignty.
From the days of Pepin-indeed, from a
much earlier date-the pope was the ruler
ct Rome On the 10th day of September,
1870; the armies of Victor Emmanuel took
forclble possession of the city and made 1t
the capital of Italy. -->'~,o
The Occupation of Rome
The occupation of Rome took place de-
spite Victor Emmanueps solemn assllr-
ance that he would respect the city of the
Popes, and without the concurrence of the
Roman people. When, in 1850 Victor
emmanuel was invading Umbria and the
Marches, he recognized that all law, di-
vine a, and civil; forbade his going to Rome,
statement. Il lfffpHH To he
of the chief of tile church. to whom l am
willing to give. together with the allied
and friendly powers all the guarantees of
Independence and Security That the
Italian occupation 3of Rome took place
without the concurrence of the Roman
people is freely admitted even by those
poral power. Rome had been Won
writes Mr.. Bolton: King in his History Of
Italian Unity, abut not as they would
have wished it;;ssst was not through the
and the papacy had bowed of free will to
the principle of nationality. The accident
OF European policfesshad brought the Ital-
ians there The Roman plebiscite, by
endeavored to give to its conquest the ap-
pearance of popular approval, has never
been regarded otherwise than as daring
Pope's UnceasIng Protest.
Against the Italian occupation of Rome
~A1O PoPS uuSCdoi1lSiy-r pTOIGSIS. AS SUI
preme head of the church the pope can
not do otherwise. The question of the
civil independence of the holy see. is a
question of principle. The civil indie
pendence of the pope is an inherent need.
and, consequentlN an inherent right of the
church. The enjoyment of this, as of other
rights OF the church, may, through stress
OF cfrcumstanc and the interference of
man, be interrupted for periods of time
more or less prolonged. But the right
itself. no series of events, no power of
men. takes awaysa and the pope. as the
church's ruler and guardian. must de-
fend 1t. Were he to remain silent. while
despoiled of his civil Independence he
would implicitly acquiesce in the viola
ton of principle; he would sacrifice a sa-
cred right of the church and would be-
come an unwise and unjust steward
Moreover, in the present condition of
the papacy the sole safeguard of the
popes spiritual independence is continue
GUS protest. AS long as he protests. so
long is he free and independent; as long
as he does not become a subject of the
Italian kingdom,5 500 long is he the unfet-
tered world bishop with dignity uninl
paired. No jealousieS are aroused in other
nations; no fears are entertained that he
be constrained or Influenced Had the
pope accepted the sproffered annuity of
a