davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The colored American., 1903-06-27

vsa1s HOW "a any man may quickly cure himself a,,s,
years OF suffering from Sexual weakness attst
taiity. night losses varicoceIe etc ana dost VI
small, weak organs to full size and yigoT ai &c
send your name and address to DR.. KnanD' 'iupT MiiT
zeal Co 6o7 Hull Bldg. Detroit Mich. ana eo as
VIII gladly send the free receipt with fnu ssy tnsy
uons SO any man may easily cure himself a. Sec- Slec-
ms Is certainly most generous offer and 'bs
lIilo"lhf extracts taken from their daily mail
snow what men hink of their eenerositv Haii'
Dear Sirs: PLEASE ACCEPT NV sinre.a.I,
Tor yours OF recent date, 1 have e;van aiAs @
treatment thorough test and the benss, 'SuI Tu
oeen extraordlnary. 1t has completei1 br,caS I
me up am inst as vigorous as when hov eS go
you cannot realize how happy / am.T A"u
ea.D;, Dear SITS Your method worked beautifully
and vtgor have completely returned and snialEHh
ment Is entirely satisfactory"
pear Sirs :-Yours was received and had NJ
troeole In making use of the receipt as drectsS
and can truthfuliy say IL is boon TO weaL ,nsr
yiRor,' Hs'n ana
All CORES pondence is strictly conf .an,;,t
N JAILED IN plain sealed envelope The ,oe;nt n
rec for the asking and they want every man to
have It, i' Han 10
The colored American., 1903-06-27

Booker T. Washington recently re-
ceived a handsomely framed certif-
cate of membership in the Union Club.
a leading beneficial organization in
Bluefields, Nicaragua, Central Ameri-
ca
The colored American., 1903-06-27

will introduce a bill TO jut a check on
Iynching. Senator HILL Democratic,
will introduce bill TO repeal the 18th
amendment. Each side will make a
strong fight. There will be a large
crowd in attendance
BROWN BONES.
The colored American., 1903-06-27
Pupils Given DiplOm as
Continued from first page.

70 Oh SI1OOJnlSs IL IDC CIAAA1dS4eSAA VI
the Southern educational leaders con-
tinue to substitute education for
ignorance and thrift for idle
ness in the backward masses
of the South as it has been
doing, an incalculable value in eco
nomic progress will have been made.
Fer they will bring into productive
activity a large population that has
not as yet contributed its share TO
economic civilization. To these great
movements also may be added the adj
Vancement of the population of our in
sular possessions in the Philippines
and Porto Rico.
The leading governments and the
foremost minds of our times are TAX
ing the stand that economic efficiency
is more desirable and more necessary
than military glory. The industrial
age is making this change in the
worlds thought, and this thought in
time will be considered its chief con-
tribution to civilization. 1t is worth
observing, too, that it is not a move
ment of theorists, not plan of dream
ers, but the work of thoughtful prac-
tical men. Enough, however, of the
condition of the world in which you
find yourself and in which you are to
work out lifes problem.
EDUCATION BUT BEGUN.
The education for which you have
been striving is a relative term. No
man or woman has ever been com
pletely educated. No education has
ever been finished. You who appear
before us tonight have completed spe
cial courses of training in special de
partments. and have learned every
thing which the High and Training
School was able to teach you, both in
knowledge and skill, but your educa-
tion in the end is an individual mat
ter. All that the school can do for the
best student is to teach him where to
find the source of information, how to
utilize the materials at hand, and how
to use the tools of his craft or of his
profession.
You who are to do any original work
COL ANA THREE .hety; Ca
in the world must go on from this
point to educate yourselves in the
light of what has already been taught.
Two of the great elements of educa-
ton have been given you; that is.
discipline and instruction, the third
element, or development of original
power, the most thorough education
cannot give, that must be developed or
exercised by your own individual eff
forts.
A realization of the limits of educa-
speculation. Never before has it as
sumed such Importance. The time is
past for us to place confidence in the
ability of a man or woman who claims
a monopoly on the whole gamut of
knowledge. If there is a crying need
among the young men and women of
our race it is that of special training.
If teachers of the foremost race on
earth feel the need of Tlch preparation
for the teaching of any one subject,
how much more preparation, my
young friends, do the teachers of the
more backward race need?
NOBLESSE OBLIGE.
You who have chosen special work
in the manual training department, l
would have you remember the fact
that the result of your training should
be to teach you not how to abolish la
Dor, but how to Undue it with
the knightly spirit of service in
performing all labor The sound
ing of that keVnOte is the nrOh-
The colored American., 1903-06-27
FOR RENT.

Large Hght-furnished room with
~ SoaT9 M Tor TWO. Apply at 941 T street
The colored American., 1903-06-27
FOR RENT.

A nice large room; furnished or nm
Iurnished: line neighborhood: 1927
Madison St. N w.
The colored American., 1903-06-27
TELEPHONE, s17 COL UMBUS.
WILEY U. oVERToS- W. DAVID Brown
OVERTON AND BROWN

Undertakers and Embalmers,
LAG West 53rd Street
Bet 9Th & 7th Aves New York City.
Brooklyn Branch, 315 Bridge Street.
Camp Chairs and Coaches to let for all
purposes.
The Southern farm gazette. (Starkville, Miss.) 1895-1909, 1903-02-01

sIp" process of evaporation. So,
too, here the evaporation and the
slow downward passage of water
are the only means of getting air
into the soil. Deeper drainage
does all of these things and more.
and does them rapidly. In form
ulating a plan for the drainage of
any field we have to consider the
grade of bitches, their size, their
shape and especially their depth.
In general we ali understand that:
l. The grade must be SO slight
that the ditch wiil not deepen bv
washing.
?. The grade must be so steer
and sc uniform that it will not
fill up as the result of sediment.
;. The ditch must be so nearly
straight and 50 connected with its
tributary bitches that sandbars
Will not form.
+. Tbe ditch must be large
enough to carry without break
ing the maximum amount of wa
ter that will ever reach it; the
grade is an important factor in
determining its capacity.
5. The ditch must have some
considerable depth if it is TO
effect thorough or deep drainage.
g. It's banks should have such
a slope that they will not easily
cave in, that's they must be sop
ing instead of nearly vertical.
Z. It,. bottom, i'll the case of
small bitches, should be 50 lar
rowed that in low water the
stream will run near the center
of the ditch and so straight and
so rapidly as to keep this little
central channel free from sedi-
ment and sandbars.
We know how difficult it is to
put these principles into practice
but the nearer we conform to
them the better.
The grade will vary widely
with the nature of the soil. Usu-
ally a grade of>thrce inches 20 the
hundred feet will be quite safe
against washing and in some soils
for short distances a sleeper
grade is permissible. Whatever
the grade, it should not decrease
as we get further down the hill,
for this results ia checking the.
velocity of the current aud a
check in velocity causes a deposit
of sediment and the filling Of the
ditch. Ii the grade cannot be
uniform it may be greater in the
lower than i'll the upper part OF
the ditch, thi~ change having the
incidental advantage OF increas-
the capacity as we get
lower down the ditch where more
water has to be carried.
1t need scarcely be said that
tributary bitches which usually
have a general direction up the
main valley, shouta when practi-
cable, be bent around so as 10
point somewhat down the valley
at the point Of union with
the main ditch. Otherwise a
>andbar and the breaking ii the
opposite back Of the main ditch
NAV often DE eXpe ted.
AS to the size OF the ditch, eX-
p%erience must be the usual guide,
though the figures which drain
age engineers have put on record
are OF value suggestiyely.
Zoo large a proportion of ditch
es, we fear. are merely carriers
Of surface water and not deep
enough to matcria ly reduce the
level of saturation in the-soil.
AS to the.shape of the ditch. 1t
too frequently happens that the
banks are so nearly vertical hat
thew quickly cave in and too often
The Southern farm gazette. (Starkville, Miss.) 1895-1909, 1903-02-01
.OhL-

NtrOgen cruising Ha'"|" " gas
&c. seTs in in tia Unable to plants
an siticaly ins escape into the
att -pnei9sSt4@dre most abundant
when there is lack of air in the
soil, that is, when the ground is
thoroughly saturated with wa
ter.
Another necessity for oxygen
in the soil arise from thefact that
its presence is to the termination
of seed.
From the above we must con-
clude that drainage to be effect
i've must do something, more than
rid the surface of puddles. 1t
must lower the line of saturatiou
to such an extent that plant roots
shall be left above the water
table The deeper the drainage
or the lover the water table, the
deeper will plants send their
roots. Now the deepar the roots
penetrate the nearer to a supply
of moisture they will be in time
of drought. fence, drainage,
deep, effective drainage, actually
insures that the crop shall obtain
during drought more moisture
than it could obtain on undralned
land and for,ities the plant
against drought as well as
against long periods of wet
weather.
3. A third advantage of drain
age is that it promotes a more
open or granular or crum-like
arrangement Of the soil grains.
This is the main end to be effect
ed, in the writer's judgement in
some Of our stiff soils, especially
SO in the stiff, waxy or prairie
soils. This Encouragement of
the soil PARTICLES into granular or
open texture is explained as due
to the larger amounts of soluble
salts in a we'll drained, we'll VEN
tilated soil, these having a ten
dency to cause numbers of small
clay particles to flock together
(1occulate) into tiny masses,
which masses act like grains of
sand and which thus united can
not pack together so closely as if
each minute clay grain were in-
dependent. This granulated
condition, in which the groups of
grains draw close tO'each other
but leave ample space between
adjacent groups, prevents excess
,lve pacing, facilitates drainage
and ventilation, and has a tendon
cr ~ prevent the occurrence of
very large cracks or assures in
the ground during dry weather.
We can imaging this latter effect
to be due to the loose condition of
the com pound granules, which
in the s~hrinkage that accom- pa
MES drying do not stick to each
other and thus pull apartin great
blocks leaving wide cracks, as
undrained clay soils do. Instead
the shrinkage of drying results
in slightly increasing the distance
between individual granules form
ing myriads of microscopic
spaces instead of a few wide
cracks OF the kind that break
plant roots, as so aften occurred
last summer.
If the foregoing is clear, we
should now be in a position to
appreciate the great advantage
of surface or thorough drainage
The Southern farm gazette. (Starkville, Miss.) 1895-1909, 1903-02-01

soil or having lana OF any
kind not naturally weil-dralned.
Drainage may be divided into two
parts, surface drainageand sui
surface drainage is more effect
i've tban surface drainage be-
cause it includes the latter and
something more. There may be
surface drainage and nothing
more.
By surface drainage as here
used, we mean simplythe remov-
al of only enough water to pre-
vent it's starding in ponds on the
surfaca. This definition might
be h., u.>Eed so as to include
the removal Of the excess free or
gravitational water, Chat is, the
water that can escape by gravity
or purely down-hill movement)
held in the beds or ridges. Sur
face drainage then is effected by
water burrows and by very sha.-
low bitches. In effect surface
drainage means the removal of
little more than the water that
woulG otherwise standin puddles
on the surface, leaving the stra!-
um of soil Immediately below tt e
surface saturated with water.
On the otherhand, sub-surfate
drainage not only removes water
but also lowers the line of satur.
ation(called the water line) some
distance below the surface. Both
forms of drainage are useful as
we shall see below.
Let US take the marlborough
form, namely, sub-surface drain
age, and ascertain why it is ben
eficial, Any thorough drainage
is beneficial to cultivated plants
because:
l. 1t permits the drying off
of the ground, SO as to render
possible effective preparation and
cultivation.
2. 1t permits air, carrying
with it it's oxygen, to occupy the
llrger spaces from which water
has been drained away. This
is the essential thing, the intro
duction of oxygen into the soil.
Oxygen is indispensable to ali
the niger forms of life, including
cultivated plants as we'll as ami
mails. II our supply of air and
oxygen is cut. off we die of suffo-
cation. Plants are constituted
much the same way. Their
roots must have oxygen if thrift
is to be maintained. Water con-
tains but little oxygen, too little
to afford breath to land animals
and too little to sustain for any
long period the roots of plants in
a thrifty condition.
The roots of crops must have
air and oxygen. Saturation al
most excludes air completely aud
the draining off of gravitational
water permits air to enter the
soil. The u%nthrifty yellowish
color of plants standing too long
in a saturated sell is due to the
absence of sufficient air end this
is remediable by proper drain
age.
Moreover the trash and other
vege table matter in the soils can
not properly decompose and
change into plant food unless
there are present great numbers
of germs which br eak down the
tough organic matter and con-
yaYt ~ into the SO1uh1a nitratoo
The Southern farm gazette. (Starkville, Miss.) 1895-1909, 1903-02-01

You Know What you are Taking.
When you take Groves Tasteless
Chill Tonic BECAUSE the formula
is plainly printed on every bottle
showing that it is simply Iron
and Oulnine in IL tastelesS form.
No Cure, No Pay. sic.
The Southern farm gazette. (Starkville, Miss.) 1895-1909, 1903-02-01
Stock Farm


PoLLED DURHAMs-I offer a
choice lot of bull calves that
ought to please the most critical
judges, they are OF good form,
excellent pedigree and nice color.
POLAND CHNAs Service boars
open and bred g!Ps and fall pigs
that are well bred and good midi.
viduals. YoW trade solicited.
Good treatme1t guaranteed.
r. ?. HiTE, caIIatin, Tenn.
The Southern farm gazette. (Starkville, Miss.) 1895-1909, 1903-02-01
The PRINCIPLES
OF DRAINAGE.
A<A

= O more lm portant subject
I'M can engage the attention
OF the farmer living onstitf
soil Or having land of any
Hattiesburg daily progress. (Hattiesburg, Miss.) 18??-1909, 1903-04-28
SUNDAY SCHOOL CONVENTION OF
METHODIST ANNUAL CONFERENCE
Interesting Session Held Last Night Conse-
Grafton and Prayer Service
Address by Prof. Hamill- Large Number in
Attendance--Proceedin of This Morn
ing's Session.

Grafton service and many in response
to this invitation focked to the altar
and knelt in prayer, which was led
by Rev. G. S. S. Harmon, followed
by Rev. w. B. Lewis.
The address of the evening was de-
livered by Prof. H. NJ Hamill, D. D.,
of Nashville, Tenn, superintendent
of training work for the Methodist
Episcopal church south. It goes
without saying that the address was
mastery in every sense of the work.
Prof. Hamill is all entertaining
speaker and one of the best equipped
Sunday school workers in the United
States. His subject last night was
"The Sunday School and the
Church"
The convention is the largest in it's
history. Nearly four hundred dele
gates are already In attendance and
many more are expected today.
There are also twenty-five or thirty
ministers present.
Hattiesburg daily progress. (Hattiesburg, Miss.) 18??-1909, 1903-04-28

by them respectively by reason of
such death, the damages to be for
the use Of such widow, husband or
child, dexcept that in case the
widow should have children the DANA
ges shall be distributed as personal
property of the husband. The legal
or personal representative of the person
injured shall have the same rights
and remedies as are allowed by law
to such representatives of other per-
sons. In every such action the jury
may give such damages as shall be
fair and just, with reference to the
injuries resulting from such death to
the persons suing. Any contract or
agreement expressed or implied, made
by an employe to waive the benefit of
this section shall be null and void !;
and this section shall not deprive an
employe of a corporation, or his legal
personal representative of any right
Or remedy that he now has by law. "
Associate Justice Price took a hard
rap at over-zealOus court officials in
his decision in the case of ". r. Blaw
VS.. state, wherein it was shown that
the presiding judge influenced the
grand jury to bring an indictment.
He declared that the Judges are only
to enforce the law after the parties
are brought into court, and have no
right to assume the role of prosecutors.
A @ sweatbox confession was invol-
we'd in the case of Sol McAlister VS..
state. from Tishomingo county, and it
was reversed and remanded, the court
reiterating it's former decision on the
subject Of involuntary confessions.
Hattiesburg daily progress. (Hattiesburg, Miss.) 18??-1909, 1903-04-28

The sixth anual session of the
Sunday school convention of the
Mississippi annual conference, under
the direction of the Conference Sun
day School Board, convened in the
Main Street Methodist church last
night at o clock.
Rev. B. F. Lewis of Magnolia,
president, called the convention to
order, after which was held a song
and conservation service led by Rev.
T. L. Mellen, presiding elder of the
Seashore District.
Rev. Mr.. Mullin made a stirring
address along the line of entire con-
secration to the Sunday school work
There were many responses of ap-
prevail of his timely ana impressive
remarks.
Hymn No 437 was then sung by
the the entire congregation, which
had packed the church to It's utmost
capacity, and an invitation given to
come to the altar and kneel in conse-
Hattiesburg daily progress. (Hattiesburg, Miss.) 18??-1909, 1903-04-28
ALABAMA NEGRO
Has Hard Time Starting in the
Northwest - Tried to
Dynamite Him.

Muskegee, I. T., April 27.-The
officials here have just been notified
Of the destruction Of two houses, both
of them store buildings, at Beggs, by
dynamite, and the imminent danger
of race troubles.
Three weeks ago a negro and his
three sons came to Beggs from Ala
bama. They had little money which
they used in buying property and soon
built a store which they stocked with
goods.
They were warned three successive
nights to get out of the town, but they
did not heed the warning, declaring
that they could not be run out and
that they would not go.
Saturday night stick of dynamite
was attached to the building and it,
along with the adjoining drug store,
was blown to pieces. The drug store
was the property of white man.
Not one of the occupants of the
building were injured by the explo-
sion, and the negroes announce their
intention of remaining in the town
regardless of the rough treatment they
have experienced. More trouble is
looked for.
Hattiesburg daily progress. (Hattiesburg, Miss.) 18??-1909, 1903-04-28
WHAT CAUSED THE FIRE.

On March 20 saw mill in Batties-
burg, Miss, was destroyed by fire
that was due to an overheated bear
ing underneath one of the main build
ings. The plant was protected by
automatic sprinklers, but the fire COM
menced in place that could not be
reached by water from those in the
story above the fire; in such cases
sprinklers will not be fused by the
heat until the flames have burned
through the floor. The buildings
comprising the plant were compactly
grouped and exposed by piles of
lumber, and there was no outside
water supply. This was not sprink-
Ter failure. All spaces beneath build
ings should be equipped with a suffi-
cient number of automatic sprinklers,
if the plant proper is so protected.
Such places, when large enough, are
very apt to be used for storage, and
amount to an unsprinklered portion
of building. By some it is thought
unnecessary to sprinkle Easements
containing shafting only, but this is
a mistake. Fires from overheated
bearings are numerous - take the
machinery floors of grain elevators
for example-and sprinklers protec-
tion is needed where there is shafting
just as much as anywhere else In
surance Press.
Hattiesburg daily progress. (Hattiesburg, Miss.) 18??-1909, 1903-04-28
London, April 27.-It is officially
announced, here that the Chinese
government has sent to the Russian
SUPREME COURT DECLARES
That Chapter Go of Acts of 1893 is
Violative of 18th Amendment
to the Constitution.
Special to the Daily Progress.

Special to the Daily Progress.
Jackson, April 28.-A decisiaon of
far-reaching Importance to damage
suit actions was handed down by the
supreme court at its regular weekly
sitting last evening. The opinion in
the case of Mrs. Ballard VS. Missis-
sippi Cotton Oil Company was read by
Chief Justice Whitfield, who declared
that chapter 66 of the acts of 1898 a
lola. se of the fourteenth amendment
y the contribution of the United States
that it imposes a restriction upon
IL corporations without reference to
any difference arising out of the
imposed upon natural persons, and
thus depriving corporations of equal
protection under the law.
The act in question defines the liza
bility of corporations to their en-
ployes, and until the legislature can
meet and frame an act within the
limits Of the constitution all damage
suit litigations against corporations
will be in bad shape. The section
declared unconstitutional is as follows
''Be it enacted by the legislature
Of the state of Mississippi, that
section 1863 of the annotated code of
1892 be amended so that the same
shall read as follows: Every employe
of any corporation shall have the
same rights and remedies for an in
jury suffered by him from the act of
omission of the corporation or its
employees, as are allowed by other
persons not employees where the in
jury results from the negligence of q
superior agent or officer, or of per-
son having the right to control or di-
rect the services of the party injured
and also when the injury results from
the negligence of a fellow servant
engaged in another department Of
labor from that of the party injured
or of q fellow servant on another
train of cars, or one engaged about {
different piece of work. Knowledg,
by a party injured of the unsaf,
character or condition of any ma.
chinery, ways or appliances, or of th,
improper loading of cars. shall no
be defense to an action for injur.
caused thereby, except as TO conduc
tors or engineers in cha ge of dan
gerous or unsafe cars or engines vol
UNFAIRLY operated by them. Whel
death ensues from an injury to an
employe an action may be brought il
the name of the widow of such EN-
ploye, or by the husband for the dealt
of his wife, or by the pa ent for TIL
death of child, or the name of tn
child for the death of an only parent
{or such damage as may be suffere
Hattiesburg daily progress. (Hattiesburg, Miss.) 18??-1909, 1903-04-28
FOR BISHOP.
Indications Point to Election of
Theo Bratton, at Diocesan
Council Tomorrow.
Special to the Daily Progress.

Special to the Daily Progress.
jackson, April 2S.-Unless all indi-
cations fail DR.. Theo. Bratton, OF
Raleigh, North Carolina, will be elec-
ted Bishop OF Mississippi at the SEES.
sion of the Episcopal diocesan coun-
ell tomorrow.
1t has been conceded for the past
ten days that the selection would be
between DR.. Bratton and Rev. P. G..
Sears, of Meridian. The latter has
announced that he will not allow his
name to be used before the council,
and this leaves DIR. Bratton practically
a clear field.
The Episcopal council convened at
10 O'Clock this morning with DR.. Geo.
@. Harris, chairman Of the standing
committee, presiding. After the
opening services Bishop Gailor, OF
Tennessee, delivered the memorial
address in honor of the late Bishop
Hugh Miller Thompson, who was
Bishop of Mississippi from 1885 until
last January.
The selection of a bishop will be
taken up Wednesday morning and at
the night session church extension
work will be considered. Every parish
in the diocese is represented.