davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington times., 1903-07-22
THE FIRST BATTLE OF BULL RUN
FOUGHT FORTY-ONE YEARS AGO
Account of the Defeat of Federal Arms in the Initial Con-
fct of the Civil War

rebellion would be short affair, mere
breakfast job" and. secondly, the oft
repeated declaration that "one Southern
soldier was equal 10 five Yankees"
1t proclaimed the unwisdom of the
Governments policy in calling out but
5000 volunteers for the period of three
months. Most of the men in McDowell's
army had about completed their term
of enlistment before the battle was
fought.
II indicated, too. that soldiers to be
efficient must be trained to harlships as
well as tactical manipulations.
IL affords ample scope for the use OF
suppositions as a means of argumenta-
tIon. "IF' Johnston's army had pursued
the Union forces vigorously TO Washing
ton; If Washington had been captured
by him; az" on the other hand. Nc
Dowell had gained a complete victory:
"if' Pattersons forces had held John
ston's in the Shenandoah Valley, as was
expected, what would have been the re-
suit? Conjecture may run wild at this
point The safest conclusion Is: "AlI is
we'll that ends we'll"
The battle was, IN some respects.
looked upon as a mere matter of sport.
Members OF Congress and other officials
went TO the battlefield as they would to
horse race or a ball game They
contest which was to decide the result
of appealing from the forum 10 the
field.
II was the initial effort in a great
struggle to settle the question whether
this is a nation Of strong cohesive pow
err, or a simple compact. to be broken
at will. The question was settled
finally, though some errors were at first
committed in stating the equation.
Viewed In the light OF impartial his
tory, the battle OF Bull Run is an inter
esting and profitable one for careful
study.
]. FRAISE RICHARD,
Washington. d. c.. July %. 1903.
The Washington times., 1903-07-22
INJUNCTION GRANTED
IN LIE DR0IT PARK CASE

In connection with the suit Of Charles
". Richardson and others against
Thomas C. Hensey. Mellen Hooker. and
other trustees asking for an accounting
IN relation TO the purchase Of the Dean
tract OF land In lie Droit Park. Justice
90 show cause, on August %. why they
should not be enioined from disposing
OF certain shares OF stock. The COM
plainanfs are also 20 have access 10 the
books OF the defendants, containing
the accounts relative TO the purchase
and management of the land.
The Washington times., 1903-07-22
TARIFF CHANGES ARE
NOT NOW WANTED
Westerners Willing to Wait Until
After Election.

Representatives James A. Tswney OF
Minnesota arrived in Washington last
night. Today he is attending to bust
ness for his constituents before the de-
partments. When asked about the po-
1iticsl conditions in his State, he said:
The people in my district are content
TO let tariff revision rest until after the
election for President There are those
who believe in standing lat. and others
who think there should be a revision Of
certain schedules However, all seem
to be willing TO let matters alone for
the present. when the President was in
the West he made this suggestion and
the people have taken kindly to It.
The time for a change in the tariff
laws is after a nltional campaign, which
IN itself tends to disturb the business
conditions of the country"
Representative Tawney has been max
ing q trip through the West, and he
found the same sentiment In all of the
States where tho Iowa idea was ram
pant few months ago.
The Washington times., 1903-07-22

The following account of the First Bat
tie of Bull Run is written for The
Washington Times by J. Praise Richard.
secretary and historian Of the Society OF
the Army OF the Ohio:
On July q, 1861. just forty-two yeacs
ago yesterday, occurred the first great
battle in the war OF 1876. On the
Union side il was called the Battle OF
Bull Rum on the Confederate, the Bat
tie of Manassas.
The Union Army, commanded by Brig.
Gen Irwin Mcdowell was composed OF
FIVE divisions, commanded in order %
mention by Brig. Gen. Daniel Tyler. Col.
David Hunter, Col. S. p. Heintzelman,
Brig. Gen. Theodore Runyon, and Col.
Dixon S. Miles.
In the list OF brigade commanders
were men who subsequently became
prominent In military and civil affairs,
Including such characters as z. ID. Keyes,
X. c. Schenck, William T. Sherman, A
E. Burnside, s. p. Heintzelman, w. D.
Franklin, o. B. Wilcox, and o. D.
Howard.
The Confederate army was composed CT
separate commands, the Army OF the PO-
tomac, under Brig. Gen. G.. T. Beaure
gard. and the Army Of the Shenandoah,
under Gen Joseph E Johnston. The
plan OF operations was really made by
General Beauregard but when Johnston,
the senior officer, united his forces with
those Of Beauregard he sanctioned the
program and gave the credit 10 whom 1t
was due.
The Confederate army, somewhat
loosely organized. did not contain di-
visions. It's unit OF organization was
the brigade or these brigades Beaure-
gard had seven, and Johnston FIVE. In
its ranks were men who ultimately
achieved distinction as commanders Of
divisions and corps, viz, Mr.. l.. Bonham.
r. S. Eweil ID. r.. Jones, James Long
street, p. s. Cooke, Jubal A. Early, Wade
Hampton. T. J. Jackson. F. S. Barlow,
b. p. Bee J. Z. 3. Stuart, and A. ElkCy.
The forces engaged were about equal,
some 80 900 on a side The battle began
on Sunday morning and continued iurl-
ousiy until about o'clock in the after
noon. McDowell's plan OF attack was q
good one. being an effort 20 turn the
enemys left. During the early part OK
the battle his plan was successful, his
columns sweeping everything before
them. Finally endorsements began to
strengthen and encourage Johnston s
forces, and the lack OF support 20 weaken
and discourage the Union ranks.
The victory OF the early part OF the
engagement turned into a Union defeat
yea. worse. a panic. Mcdowell was
powerless TO stem the tide, and his 'orces
we're swept back TO and through Center
Vile toward Washington. The day was
lost. and many OF the Union soldiers
eagerly sought protection within the
Notifications Of Washington. The story
is we'll known and need not be repeated
here.
Mcdowell reported his losses as fol-
lows: Killed, officers and men. 4Sl;
wounded, officers and men, 1,01i; total,
/ 1872.
Johnston's report shows: Killed, of
ncers and men, 378; wounded. officers
and men. .4S9: total, 1867.
A few observations may be INDUCED:
This battle dissipated several Ideas
firstly. the boast of Secretary Seward
and others. that the suppression OF the
The Washington times., 1903-07-22
COLOMBIA CELEBRATES
HER INDEPENDENCE DAY
Parades and Receptions Mark the An
niverSary.
nIVerSary.

Colombia celebrated Monday her
GLORIOUS Fourth, or rather her "Glor-
ious Twentieth" to be strictly accurate
Although the Colombian senate is IN
VOWED in a desperate struggle over the
attempt 10 ratify the Panama Caual
treaty. although an occasional hint Of
secession OF some OF it's states drifts
northward from the Central American
republic, and although the Central and
South American Gable Company has cut
her of almost entirely from the outside
world. reports came this morning which
prove that nevertheless and uotwith-
standing" Colombia made merry yec-
The Washington times., 1903-07-22

terday to celebrate the anniversary OF
the day. in 1910. when she declared
herself free and able to stand alone.
The celebration in Colombia OF its
day OF Independence is much like our
celebration Of the Fourth. There are
fireworks. military parades. public re-
ceptions. banquets and balls. with the
usual speechmaking and attendance by
officials of foreign and domestic brand.
There was a big reception yesterday
at the prefecture OF Colon. AS is Gus
tomary In Central and South American
countries all officers OF foreign govern
ments turned out and took active part
In the celebrations.
The Washington times., 1903-07-22
NUPTIAL KNOT TIED
ON CABIN JOHN BRIDGE
Wedding Ceremony Performed on
the Famous Arch.

Frances ID. Moran, aged nineteen
years. of Washington. and Winfield I.
Bender, aged thirty-one years, of Phila-
delphia. were married last evening on
II. Austin, OF that place. Fred Schaffer
acted as best man. The Misses OgIe
strewed flowers on the bride, while
Haley's Band played the wedding
marches. Supper was served at the
hotel.
Mr.. Bender is one OF the leading mu-
sicians at the bridge. II is understood
that this was a surprise to the friends
and relatives of the bride
The Washington times., 1903-07-22
Summer Resort Gossip.

Charles G. Wauters, charge d'affaires
OF the Belgian legation here, arrived in
Newport yesterday for the season. Mr..
Wauters IS a guest at the Berkeley.
Capt A s. Blount, U. s. A., is spend
ing his leave at the Greenock Inn.
Lenox.
Former Speaker David B. Henderson,
Mrs. Henderson, and Miss Belle Hender-
son have gone to the White Mountains,
where they will be located at the Pro-
file until August.
Col. Charles A. Maxwell and Mrs.
Maxwell. OF Twenty-first Street. are
spending the season at Hotel La Fay
cite, Cape May, n. J.
Mrs. Lee Baumgarten and daughter
are spending the summer at Camp
Schley Inn, Braddocks Heights. Nd.
II. c. Hellam, Caleb Sears, and c. II.
Roeseh are spending their vacations at
waverly Cottage. Ocean City. Md.
The Washington times., 1903-07-22
ORDERS TO PROTECT
APPLICANTS FOR PATENTS

sued an order requiring the full first
names OF applicants for patents to ap-
pear on specifications submitted to the
Patent Office.
An order has also been issued which
will prevent the examination OF the file
OF records by persons other than the
applicant. assignee, or attorney employ
ed. except as provided for under the
interference rules or nv written order
Of the Commissioner OF Patents
The Washington times., 1903-07-22
DEATH or MAY F. KEFFER,
WELL KNOWN IN THIS CITY

News was received here yesterday Of
the death, on Sunday. at Knoxville
Tenn, OF May Florence Refer. sister
OF Prof. Charles A. Keffer formerly Of
the Agricultural Department. and now
or the University OF Tennessee. The
body was buried at Des Moines. Iowa
Miss keher resided here several years
and had many friends in Washington.
The Washington times., 1903-07-22
MRS. KEANS WILL

Bessie +. Kean. by her will. dated
December 5, 1902. leaves TO her brother.
George Franklin Perry. and her sister,
Florence Perry Clark, her interest in
real estate in Willimantic, Conn. The
remainder of her estate is left TO her
husband. John T. Kean.
The Washington times., 1903-07-22

secretary of the United States legation
at Berne. Switzerland. and the Hon.
Wayne MacVeagh, who is to represent
the Venezuelan claims before The Hague
arbitration tribunal Mrs. MaeVeaRh
and Miss MacVeagh will accompany him.
Other Washington peope who are sail
ing today are Mr.. and Mrs. William
Miller Collier. Miss Costello, DR.. VIII
liam II. Hawkes., and Mrs. John NJ. KEEL
lY.
Mrs. Garrett A. Hobart was present
a the opening of the Waumbek. at JEFF
fersan. n. H. the other day. Mrs. Ho-
bart. who is well known and very pop
uiar there. was warmly welcomed
Mrs. G. W. Williams has left the city
for the remainder of the summer. She
is now at Nahant. where she has taken
apartments at the Tudor
Mr.. and Mrs. Joseph J. Gross, Lloyd
E. Moffat, and Mr.. and Mrs. w. II. Pike.
jr., of Washington. will sail today on
the White Star liner Majestic for Liver
pool.
Mrs. George Westinghouse, who had
planned to go back 10 Erskine Park
Lenox. last week, is still detained in
Pittsburg. She will probably return to
her summer home the last of this week.
S. F. Emmons sailed yesterday or
the Kaiser Wilhelm for Europe.
Mr.. and Mrs Daniel S. Lamont are
spending the summer at their country
home in Milbrook, N. Y.
Mrs. Portner, who is entertaining
party of young people at her home in
Manassas. Va, will give a dance for
them this evening
Herbert Putnam, Librarian of Con-
gress. sailed yesterday on the Kaiser
Wilhelm II, to spend his vacation
abroad.
Mrs. NJ. Click. widow OF John Click,
has gone to Atlantic City with her
daughter, Miss Mathilda. for the sum-
mer.
Miss Lizzie Tiverney has gone to
Connecticut, where she viii be the
guest OF her uncle. George w. Father
Later on she will visit Ocean Grove and
Atlantic City.
Miss May E. Draney has left the city
and will be at the Intervale House, n
tervale, n. H., until fall
Miss Hoyt Stoddsrd Gale has gone 10
Swampscott. where she is a guest at the
Lincoln House.
DR.. w. B. Greene is up in Maine fish
ing. His headquarters is at Phillips.
Mr. and Mrs. II. Clay Browning and
family left Washington today for Green
The Washington times., 1903-07-22
News and Gossip in SoCietys Realm.

ture hat of white chiffon. and carried
Bride roses. After the wedding the
young COUPE left for Atlantic City
where they will spend their honey
moon. They will be at home after
August 1, at 472 H Street southwest.
The Washington times., 1903-07-22
Weddings.
McGinness-B alderson.

Observation-Disclosures.
The marriage of Miss Inez Mable
Balderson, a popular young woman Of
Westmoreland county. Va, and John w
McGinness. of this city. is announced
to take place at St. Andrews Chapel
in westmoreland county, Wednesday
July %.
The Washington times., 1903-07-22

brier White Sulphur Springs. where
they will spend the remainder of the
season.
Sol Lansburgh is another Washing
tonian who will sail today for the other
side. He will take the steamer from
Baltimore.
Albert H. Mccartney, U. S. N, and
NJ. J. S. Fair. U. S. N, and Mrs. Fair
are at B'anfT, in the Canadian Rockies.
General and Mrs. Corbin are the
guests of Mr.. aud Mrs. William Nc
MILAN, at their country seat at Eagle
Head. Enthusiastically Sea.
The Washington times., 1903-07-22
Cabinet Circle.

Miss Rebecca Page Knox and her
friend Miss Althea Mohler, of George
town. are at Atlantic City. Miss Knox
has been obliged to abandon her trip TO
Europe on account Of illness in the
family with whom she was TO have trav-
eled. Miss Knox is not expected at her
fathers summer home in the BerK-
shireg until late in the season.
Hugh Knox, son OF the Attorney Cen
eral. is visiting friends at Seabright.
n. J.
The Attorney General and Mrs. Knox.
with their elder and younger sons. are
at Beverly Farms. where the men spend
most Of their time playing golf at the
Essex Club.
The Washington times., 1903-07-22
Claspy-Riddle.

Miss Maggie Riddle and William G
Claspy were quietly married in the par
sonage of the Fifth Baptist Church. on
Thursday. at 10 O'Clock. The ceremony
was performed by the Rev. c. c.
Meadow. The bride wore a becoming
gown of blue mousseline. with a pic
The Washington times., 1903-07-22

Capt. F. w. Dickins. U. S. N. who
has been ordered to Pensacola. Fla.
as commandant of the navy yard and
Gulf station, is now with Mrs Dickins.
who is visiting her parents at "a Iowa
Circle, for a short time.
The Washington times., 1903-07-22
The Diplomatic Circle.

The. japanese minister and Madame
Takahira, who had purposed sailing for
Japan on July 1, but were unexpected
ly detained here. have. after a some
what prolonged search for a suitable
summer residence. decided upon a cot
tage at Chevy Chase. Both Mr.. and Mrs.
Takahira were much disappointed at
their inability to carry out their origi-
nal plans. as they left behind them In
Japan a little son and daughter, whom
they have not seen since the minister
was accredited to this post in August,
1900.
The Washington times., 1903-07-22

Mrs. Charles Burch and little son.
Charlie. of 1916 Eleventh Street north
west. and her sister, Miss Annie Cow
ling. have departed for Vienna, Va,
where they have taken a cottage for
the summer.
The Washington times., 1903-07-22

Secretary Moody will leave Washing
ton either Thursday night or Friday
morning for his home in Massachusetts
where he will spent a part CT his sum
mer vacation. En- route he will stop at
Oyster Bay for conference with the
President upon departmental matters.
The Washington times., 1903-07-22

DR.. W. P. Liggett departed today for
the Greenbrier White Sulphur Springs,
where he will spend the balance of the
summer.
The Washington times., 1903-07-22

Among the Washingtonians occupying
boxes at the Atlantic City Horse Show
were Mr.. and Mrs. w. I. Dyer, who
were guests of Thomas Benzet, of Phil
adelphia.
The Washington times., 1903-07-22

Louis F. Corea. Niearaguan minister
to the United States. sailed for Europe
yesterday on the steamer Kaiser Will
helm II. Senior Corea will travel exten,
sively for several months.
The Washington times., 1903-07-22

Mrs. Alice Lane and Miss Mary Til
ton, of 14S7 Corcoran Street, have gone
to Atlantic City for a weeks visit.
The Washington times., 1903-07-22

Miss Louise Axtell of Kansas City,
Mo-. is the guest of Mrs. Slater Doyle,
1875 S Street.
The Washington times., 1903-07-22

w. F. Paxson, accompanied by his
daughter. Miss Fanny Belle Paxson, and
Miss Anna Hepner, are spending some
time at Atlantic City.
The Washington times., 1903-07-22

Mrs. F. NJ Marshall and daughter
Mrs. Mary Lillian Arnold, are spending
the week at Atlantic City.
The Washington times., 1903-07-22
Atlantic City News.

Mrs. Thomas r. Harvey, with her
daughter Evelyn and sister. Miss Jor-
dan, of Columbia Heights, are at At
lantic City.
The Washington times., 1903-07-22

Mrs. Garrett A. Hobart was present
at the opening of the Waumbek, at JEFF
fersan. n. H. the other day. Mrs. Ho-
bart, who is well known and very pop
uiar there. was warmly welcomed
The Washington times., 1903-07-22

John r. Zimmerman, who has been
quite I'll at his home, 612 A Street
southeast. is improving slowly.
The Washington times., 1903-07-22
Chit Chat.

! OIlIl SHQl.
DR.. W. P. Liggett departed today for
the Greenbrier White Sulphur Springs,
where he will spend the balance of the
summer.
Capt F. w. Dickins. U. s. ~. who
has been ordered to Pensacola, Fla.
as commandant of the navy yard and
Gulf station. is now with Mrs. Dickins,
who is visiting her parents at "a Iowa
Circle, for short time.
Mrs. Charles Burch and little son.
Charlie. of 1916 Eleventh Street north
west, and her sister, Miss Annie Cow
ling. have departed for Vienna, Va.
where they have taken a cottage for
the summer.
Miss Louise Axtell OF Kansas City,
Mo, is the guest of Mrs. slater-D Doyle,
1875 Street
John r. Zimmerman, who has been
quite I'll at his home, 612 A Street
southeast, is improving slowly.
Mr.. and Mrs. Arthur ]. Elliott Of
Brooklyn, n. Y, are visiting Mr.. and
Mrs. S. C. Kemon. of lexington. Mrs.
Elliott will be remembered as Miss
Louise Kemon, formerly of this city.
Mrs. Jennie Harl. OF Mount Vernon
Place, has returned from a ten DAYS
trip to Cape May.
Admiral Charles O'Neil. chief of the
Bureau of Ordnance. L. S. N. will leave
for Newport shortly to inspect the tor
pedo station there.
Mrs. E. S. Jones and daughter. Mrs.
F. NJ Leib Of 100 F Street southeast. left
Washington Monday to visit relatives
in Baltimore.
Harry Fritts. of Louisville. KY. is
visiting his mother. Mrs. James r.
Fritts. OF s2s E Street northeast.
DR.. and Mrs. ]. Clarence Hatton are
spending a few weeks with relatives at
Bradley Beach. n. J.
Mrs. J. Harry Shannon sailed yester-
day afternoon from New York for Liver
pool
number OF well known people are
booked to sail on the International
Mercantile Marine Company's American
Line steamer, st. Paul, which leaves for
Southampton today Among them are
The Washington times., 1903-07-22

Mr. and Mrs. Arthur ]. Elliott Of
Brooklyn, n. Y, are visiting Mr.. and
Mrs. S. C. Kemon. of lexington. Mrs.
Elliott will be remembered as Miss
Louise Kemon, formerly of this city
The Washington times., 1903-07-22

Mrs. G. w. Williams has left the city
Tor the remainder of the summer. She
is now at Nahant. where she has taken
apartments at the Tudor.
The Washington times., 1903-07-22

Mrs. Jennie Harl. OF Mount Vernon
Place, has returned from ten days
trip to Cape May.
The Washington times., 1903-07-22

Mr.. and Mrs. Joseph J. Gross, Lloyd
z. Moffat, and Mr.. and Mrs. w. II. Pike,
jr., of Washington. will sail today on
the White Star liner Majestic for Liver
pool.
The Washington times., 1903-07-22

Admiral Charles O'Neil. chief of The
Bureau of Ordnance. L. S. N. will leave
for Newport shortly to inspect the tor
pedo station there.
Republican news item. [volume] (Laport, Pa.) 1896-19??, 1903-04-09
PrOtectiOn a Handicap

Enemies of protection who advocate
reciprocity in competitive products are
constantly saying that our manufac-
turing industries languish for lack of
free raw materials and also for lack Of
larger access to foreign markets. This
can hardly be true. Why, for the cal
endar year 1902 our manufacturers i'm
ported materials from abroad of the
value of $453,OOO,OOO. This was S42,-
100000 more than In 1901, and $685.
100000 more than our manufacturers
bought of foreign materials during
1896, free trade tariff year when
many so called raw materials We're Oh
the free list which are now dutiable.
We have nearly doubled our imports of
manufacturers material since then.
This would indicate a tremendous in
crease in manufacturing activity.
There must be some mistake in the
contention that protective tariff stiles
industrial enterprise and places our
manufacturers at disadvantage. They
seem to be getting along under pro
tective tariff amazingly well alike as
to domestic and foreign trade, for they
show enormous increases in both di-
rectionS.
Republican news item. [volume] (Laport, Pa.) 1896-19??, 1903-04-09
and Revelation.

II this Bible does not appeal to the
brain, how Is it that science and reve-
lation by the statements of the Bible
are daily becoming more and more har-
monized? AS intelligent men do you
not know that, though the scientists
have for centuries been squabbling.
these differences are gradually passing
away and that science and revelation
are coming into closer and more har-
monious relations in regard to many
things whereon they formerly dis
agreed? 1t is only within few weeks
that Professor Sayce, writing on the
latest archaeological discoveries, said.
'In every case where we can test the
Bible story by contemporaneous mon
uments, the authenticity of which is
doubted by no one, we find it con-
firmed and explained even in the mi
nutest points," Do you not know Gs
intelligent men and women that many
recent discoveries Of the archPologists
prove that the leaves of the Bible, some
of them written 1900 years ago, are
absolutely in accord with scientific
facts which are continually being re-
veGlcd ?-Rey DR.. Frank De Witt Tai
mage, Presbyterian, Chicago.
Republican news item. [volume] (Laport, Pa.) 1896-19??, 1903-04-09
Why Musn With the Tariff

Our foreign commerce does not re-
Quire the application of the reciprocity
idea. nor is our home business Ian
gushing because our duties are too
high. We leave it to the public to de-
eide whether or not the supply of coal
is equal to the demand for it, and what
Is true of coal is true of many commod
itics and necessaries. Our merchants
are experiencing no difficulty in dis
posing of their stock to advantage, and
they are invading markets abroad after
Il fashion which has thoroughly arous-
I'd England and Germany, thus proving
that where there are accumulations an
Dutlet has been found for them. Why
then muss with the tariff at this stage?
Simply because the Democratic party
is hard up for an issue. Unfortunately
that organization is being aided and
abetted by a number of nervous Re
publicans who ought to know better
and who will learn better If certain Re-
publican districts will see to it that
they are represented in congress by Re
publican spokesmen.-Fal River Her
aid
Republican news item. [volume] (Laport, Pa.) 1896-19??, 1903-04-09
What It Certainly VIII Do.

The policy of protection is the foun-
dation of our whole industrial system.
Nine-tenths of our industrial capital
is invested, nine-tenths of our indus
trial wage scales and other arrange
ments are made; upon the supposition
that this nation will continue by law
to reserve the home market for home
producers.
To begin to repeal the tariff would be
to disturb all these arrangements. 1t
would unsettle business; it would de-
Etroy commercial confidence in the fu-
ture; it would bring ON hard times.
That is what tariff tinkerlng by the
Democratic party has always done in
the past; that is what it certainly will
do again, Annapolis Examiner.