davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Sierra County advocate. [volume] (Kingston, N.M.) 1884-1960, 1903-02-27
BUMBLEBEE IS vICTIMIZED.
The Common hive Rec GnnBinSIy
bwindiew Him uat of tiiS Hard
Work proce@ds.

The wisdom and the extraordinary
industry Of Tie common hive bee are
known to everybody, out II h not gem
orally known, even to inen who Lave
made a stuuy Of insects, how cunning
and rcycngeful they are aud how by
their attentions ana compliments they
manage 70 8winals the biz black aud
oi lis hard duy's work ~ toney gaihe r
irg Ills dapper little cousin II an
adept ut playing on lis weahnesf es,
says Nature lAe hive bee Is thor
ough cisy dweller living "a tbe oee
metropolis which has IL hfr meclnn-
health tlat look over the ventilation
Of the city and the removal I the gar
baRe lee policemen who Guard The
hive against the moth and ot cr honey
thieves. with the bee queen TO rule
over al. The clumsy. loud-bu2zing
bumbebee. however. is vefitnble
farmer and lives with n comparatively
small family in his mud farmhouse IN
the clover fields. He is such n simple
soul TINT the hive bees look upon him
rs a hnyseed.
Several Of them will meet him when
he is on his way home with load ~
honey and induce him 20 stop and have
a chat IN the bee Language. Then they
,at hi.a ans rrt hir~. snd the trrrt'e-
bee loves TO be tickled. Thus they
work upon his good nature until be nc-
tually lets them take part of his bfg
81 sweets all II II sometimes When
he has been robbed IN this fashion the
smart hive bees bid lin m rvectiona'e
good-by. acting jmt as II they we're
slipping him on the back and probably
telling him that he must come up 10
town and take dinner with them soms
day when ne il not busy. Who ever
Knew bumblcbee to have a day -
himself? Then the robhera 90 home
and lay their plunder away, while the
bumblebee sets out FOR his farmhouse.
cengratulaiing himself upon having
such good friends.
Sierra County advocate. [volume] (Kingston, N.M.) 1884-1960, 1903-02-27
FACTS FROM LAST CENSUS.
rAsye Has Been n steady Declin~ IN
rliit@racy During the Last
Ten Years.

Tho changes that have occurred
literacy of the inhabitants OF this
country are OF an interesting charac-
ter as detailed In the last report on
population of the twelfth census, says
Washington exchange. In 1850 Of
the aggregate population of 10 years
OF age or over II per cent, we're classed
as illiterate; In the census Of $500 the
percentage of illiierncy wah 1873 per
cent, which, In the census of 1890, had
sunk to i0.7 per cent. This indicates
n steady decline In that class Of our
people who are entirely without edu.
cation. This decline Is most marked
In the colored race. Thus, In 1850. there
were t,60i,2OT colored persons, male
and female, living In the United States
OF 10 years OF age and over, and of
this number ae@o, SIS could neither
read nor write, thus giving propor-
tion OF illiterates Of 10 per cent. but
in 1890 the illiterntes Of negro de-
scent had fallen to 5Ti per cent,
and by the census of 1900 II was shown
that still further decline had taken
place and that only a45 per cent. can
now be thus classified The number
OF foreign iliterates among our for
eign white population appears to re-
main about constant. In those OF this
class over 10 years OF age there were
IL per cent. Of iliterates In 1850, l3.1
per cent. In 1890 and iea per cent, In
1900 On the other hand, among tho
native whites this limitation upon in
tellipence seems to be slowly passing
away or the native white population
OF over 10 years Of age II was found
In 1890 that s7per cent were illiterate.
This number was reduced In 1890 to
62 per cent, and still further reduced
in 1900 to 40 per cent. The greatest
gain In this last respect seems to hnve
been made In the southern states.
Thus, for example, IN Georgia In 1880
23.2 per cent. OF the native white pop
ulatiOn Of 10 years of age aud over
could neither read nor write, but In
1900 this proportion had been reduced
to l1.0 per cent, and the reduction
holds good in nearly all Of the gulf
states In Georgia in 1880 only isa
per cent. Of the colored population
above 10 years of age could read or
write, but now this proportion has In
creased to All per cent, We have
given this simply az an illustration
Of the way In which Il gradual and /
highly satisfactory change " taklng
place among eur people. Education IL
not everything: in fact n thoroughly
educated inan may be an entirely dis
character, but In free coun-
Iry where the government depends
on the viii of the ma iority, II II es-
scntial that intelligence rather Han
ignorance should control public policy |
and unless citizens can read and write
4 Is hardly possible to have this neces-
,ary result secured
Sierra County advocate. [volume] (Kingston, N.M.) 1884-1960, 1903-02-27

One morning u banker stepped into
his Office and most effusively greeted his
bookkeeper who had entered his ser-
vice just 20 years before, at the same
time handing him closed envelope
with the remark:
This Is 10 serve you As . memento
Of the present occasiun."
The grateful recipient did not ven
ture al first 10 open the envelope until
encouraged to do so by II nod and
smile from his employer. Aud what
do you think IL contained9 The
bankers photograph that and moth
ing more. The bookkeeper VAS dumb
for a moment.
"Well what do you think OF it?"
his principal inquired.
ITS just like you" was the reply
New Yorker.
Sierra County advocate. [volume] (Kingston, N.M.) 1884-1960, 1903-02-27

Cast iron articles were first made
In England In the year I7o0.
Four persons cross the Atlantic In
the s.eerage to each cabin passenger.
The number of ships in the American
whaling feet has fallen IN the past ~
years from ~ to 40, and much the same
Us the case with the Scotch whaling
industry.
In water Of ~ fnthoms or under n
large ship Of 20 knots loses about
three-qnartcrs knot speed compared
with her pnee when travelling In water
30 fathoms or over.
henri llonriet, n Swiss matchmaker,
has recently completed watch made
entirely out Of the Ivory taken from
billiard ball works and ease COM
plcte. 1t keeps good time.
The middle colonies, New York. New
Jersey, Pennsylvania and Delaware,
were really conquered soil, taken from
the Dutch Neither Of the two great
companies attempted to colonize this
part Of the const, and II only came into
English possession In 1904.
The South kensingion museum,
London, has been presented with the
famous Waisingham collection II
micro-Iepidoptera, consisting ~ 20o,-
900 specimens, and upon tits collection
of which Lord WaitipRb0m has been
engaged for 30 years The Waising-
ham collection IN the largest aud the
most important In existence II In
clndes among others the fainoasH Heller
collection. and alao those formed by
Ilofmnnn and Christoph The speci-
mems embrace many Of the originals
selected as standard types by various
aulhoritieS VINO nave written ON tne
subject.
Sierra County advocate. [volume] (Kingston, N.M.) 1884-1960, 1903-02-27
Two DoLLAxs Per YEAR

to young men are greater to-day than
they ever were before, hut, on the
other hand, there never was a period
In the worlds history when the unall-
hcations requisite for success In any
line of worthy endeayor we're OF q
higher character The artisan, the
farmer. the business man. the clergy
man, the physician. the lawyer tho
scientist, ench In his various rank.
must prepare To reach up to cver.en
larging ideals, II he wunld attain his
full height,O $. Marden, In Success,
Sierra County advocate. [volume] (Kingston, N.M.) 1884-1960, 1903-02-27

The Father One thing | want to
Know, young man. Do yon speculatcr
The suitor Why I'm not going to
marry your daughter. Detroit Free
Press.
Sierra County advocate. [volume] (Kingston, N.M.) 1884-1960, 1903-02-27

The time has come when. 10 be mas
ter In any line. II requires long years
II careful training and preparation.
IT is true that the opportunities open
Virginia citizen. (Irvington, Va.) 1891-1921, 1903-10-09

Ing how n well sounding front name
can lift tie bearer out OF the ruck
Lloyd Oshournc. Quillcr Couch. Barry
Pain. Leslie stephen. Marriott Watson,
Robertson Niclioll. Halliwell SutcIifre.
Bloundelle Burton. .Headon Iui. Eos
ter Fraser. willmott Dixon. Todding-
ton Symonds. Hamilton Aide and. most
majestic example OF all. Rudyard Kip
ling. One can imagine John or Henry
Kipling going to the city with black
bag, but Hudyard-never.
SO much for the literary men. And
IL we turn to the artists we find much
the same thing. For instance, VIII
liam ]. Hardy might be anybody. but
Dudley Hardy can be nobody but the
designer OF countless chic posters and
the creator OF the yellow girl" Again.
the directory Is fun Of Wilson's, but
there Is only one Patten Wilson. and,
though II abounds In Goulds, there IL
only one Carruthers Could
Linley Sambourne and Leslie Ward,
Raven Hill and Dana Gibson are other
cases in point. Seymour as front
name In adopted by Lucas and u
Haden, and the ear is gently tickled
BY such names as Byam Shaw, Stan
hope Forbes. Yeend King. Napier Hen
~, Cation Woodville, Briton Riviere,
Mortimer Menpes and Onslow Ford
The stage provides us with not few
examples Of the value of surname to
lead on ones style with. The examples
among the ladies and gentlemen OF the
drama are too numerous almost to
record.-London Answers.
Virginia citizen. (Irvington, Va.) 1891-1921, 1903-10-09
WHAT'S IN A NAMes
II xt's . Mouth filler IL May sisnif.
. Good Deal.

II IT'S . Mouth FfAfer It May signify
. Good Deal.
It has recsntly been laid down that
people who are lucky enough to have
their front--or "Christian"-names OF
what is really q surname will have
marked ability In some one direction.
And, really, glance at the lengthen-
ing list of our celebrities goes some
way in support Of the assertion.
Take literary liens, for example.
How nobiy mouth filing are the names
of Clark Russell, Conan Doyle, Chris
tie Murray, Hall Camel Nobody would
ever think OF the knight-noveiist az
Arthur Doyle" while to rob the de-
picter Of black country" ways OF his
Christie" would be to confuse him
with another Of the same name, but a
landscape painter. Stanley weyman,
Cutcli6s Hyne and Petit Ridge are 9TH
er notable examples.
In passing one may note that Stanley
has been 30 long I'm favor with roman
dcaiiy minded mothers that we are In
danger OF forgetting that 1t is really a
surname and. into that. the property Of
noble house. SO are Sidney. Howard
and Herbert.
Collins IL not very distinguished
name. but stick "wilkic" or Mortimer
IN front OF II, and It recalls either
thrilling mystery stories or dainty love
hyis, while preceded by "Churton" II
stands for expert. literary criticIsm.
Bell, again, 10 somewhat commonplace.
but how changed when you hitch mo
beriey" or ''Currer" to It. Morley
Roberts sounds rather superior to Ar
thur or John OF that iik. though the
bearers OF the last two names have
been not undistinguished In their re-
spectfye lines or business.
There are few more instances shov.
Virginia citizen. (Irvington, Va.) 1891-1921, 1903-10-09
f. Irish Tobacco.

John Redmonds recent plea for the
Regulation OF tobacco culture I'm Ire.
land recalls the fact that 1t was Der.
mitted there until 1880, though forbid.
den In England and Scotland. wex.
ford tobacco was then so hishly es-
teemed that It's price was three times
as great as the Virginia leaf. The
rapid extension OF the culture. more
than 1000 acres being planted with to.
bacco. led to its prohibition in 1880
twenty years ago Gladstone expressed
his dissatisfaction with the veto and
offered TO remove 1t II scheme were
produced for the collection OF the duty
so that the revenue might not suffer
Two years ago an Official experiment
was made I'm Meath, an acre OF land
yielding Lice pounds OF serviceable to-
baeco. This Irish tobacco. II is said.
was inferior to American leaf, but this
Is largely considered matter of ..cur.
Ing" Even Australian grown tobacco
was rank failure until the British
government engaged an American ex.
pert to instruct aud advise the planters.
Virginia citizen. (Irvington, Va.) 1891-1921, 1903-10-09
Called Up and c.,1es Dow,

a former Brooklyn official who IN
well known in many sections OF the
borough had occasion to attend a con-
cert given in large hall the other
evening. His wife and many friends
were among those present. During an
intermission every one was somewhat
startled to hear a stentorian voice ring
out from the gallery.
els the Hon, Mr.. Blank present?, the
voice said.
Slowly and majestically the afore-
said erstwhile official rose from his
place In prominent part Of the house
and faced the gallery in a disnified
manner, as suited his station In society.
u am Mr.. Blank" he replied as he
drew his rather stocky figure to its
full height,
"Sit down, you lobsterr' called the
voice, with an emphasis that was as
great as ii was embarrassing.
The dull thud that was heard imme-
diately after the above sally was only
the noise caused by the ex-ofiicinrs
anatomy as Ii came In contact with his
rather hard seat. During the laughter
and confusion that followed the guilty
one escaped.-Brooklyn Times.
Virginia citizen. (Irvington, Va.) 1891-1921, 1903-10-09
POSTAGE STAMPS.
The Wasted One. Net Uncle Sam
over n NiIlfou a Year.

The Wasted One. Net Uncle Sam
over n MiIlfoa a Year.
An experienced clerk I'm a branch
post Office uptown says that Uncle Sam
- In pocket every year more than
fl,OOO.OOO by purchase OF postage
stamps which never are used.
"How many stamps" he says, do
you lose through carrying them care
iessiy In your pockets and fishing them
out again glued together and useless ?
How many do you put In n corner of
your pocketbook, finding them again
months later looking like anything but
postage stampsi or course nobody
ever thinks Of sending such stamps I'm
for redemption. Suppose the waste I
am speaking OF averaged 20 cents
annually for each business man. The
total would be enormous.
Hot weather was q great revenue
maker for the government before the
little oiled books came In: but many
persons loseeehefr books, and the aver
age Is about the same, Some persops
actually come back to the stamp win
cow and ssk IL lost stamp books can
be traced, like bank books. Another
way In which Uncle Sam gains Is
Through tradesmen sending out letters
inciosing stamped addressed envelopes
Tor replies. which I'm the majority Of
cases are never used.
Some business houses collect such
envelopes and redeem them, but few
take the trouble TO do this. Think Of
me thousands OF return postal cards.
TOO, that are never used. Lots of per
sons are careless Of putting stamps on
letters or papers. and they fall on.
linen the matter Is held ND for double
postage on the other end OF the nne.
"A great many persons put on too
much postage. They slap two two-cent
stamps on a letter that would have
gone for 2 cents. II is amazing how
little Information usually well in
FORMED persons have about different
classes OF mail matter. The pay for
IL, too. and pay well. The beauty OF
our postal system is that the govern
ment gets the benefit OF all mistakes"
New York Press.
Virginia citizen. (Irvington, Va.) 1891-1921, 1903-10-09
WHY THE MILK souRs.
How Bacteria Are Both sIosssle snS
Friendly TO Dairymeu

How Bacteria Arc Both sIosssle ana
Friendly TO Dsirymen.
How 20 keep milk sweet for the lon
gest possible time Is a problem that has
interested housewives and dairymen
ever since mankind discovered that
milk Is good to drink. Various causes
have been accused OF making the milk
sour. from lightning to III tempered
fairies. but until within comparatively
recent years no trustworthy reason
was discovered. What has been found
out I'm the modern scientific laboratories
particularly on this side of the water.
mt Wesleyan and Wisconsin UNIVERSE
ties and at the Massachusetts Institute
or Technology, I'm Boston-is that bac-
terra are responsible.
These bacteria, OF which there are
many that have not yet been more
than discovered, are everywhere I'm the
air OF the dairy waiting an opportunity
to fall head over ears. IL one might use
the expression. into the first milk pail.
There are indeed comparatively few
bacteria In the milk until IL reaches
the air on its way from the cow to the
milk pail. But the period OF milking
Is long enough to admit large number
or micro organisms. and the milk Is so
good substance for them to grow I'm
that they increase with marvellous
rapidity.
These bacteria have a twofold char
acter. Roughly speaking, they are a
great nuisance TO the dairymsn who
wishes to keep his milk sweet for the
market, and they are also a great bless
ing to the dairyman who wishes to
change IL into butter or cheese. They
so1F the milk by changing the milk
sugar which IL contains into an acid:
but. on the other hand, without the
chemical action produced by bacteria.
neither butter nor cheese. as we are ac.
customed 10 these products, would be
a possibility.
Some Of the dairy bacteria have been
30 carefully studied in the scientific
Laboratories that the bacteriOloglsts
nave found out how to cultivate them.
much az the dairyman might cultivate
particular breed OF cows, and the
bacteria that are responsible for "June
butter" are thus cultivated and dig
tributed from the laboratory to the
dairy. BY this partnership 1t has be-
come possible to produce o standard
butter that Is practically the same at
whatever season of the year 1t is man.
ufactured.
Cheese making also depends upon the
action OF these unseen helpers. DIFF
ferept kinds OF bacteria are undoubt-
edly responsible for different chooses.
although modern science has not yet
succeeded in isolating them and set
ting them to work under the orders of
the cheese makers.
Virginia citizen. (Irvington, Va.) 1891-1921, 1903-10-09
THE ORIGIN OF COFFEE.
why the Berry Defies Production In
the United states.

Why the Berry Denes Production In
the United states.
As TO the history Of coffee, the legend
runs that II was first found growing
wild In Arabia. Hadji Omar. a dervish,
discovered II In 1885, 617 years ago. He
was dying OF hunger in the wilderness.
when. finding some small round ber-
ries, he tried TO eat them, but they were
bitter. He tried roasting them, and
these he finally STEPPED In some water
held IN the hollow of his hand and
found the decoctien as refreshing as IL
he had partaken - solid food. He bur
fied back to Mocha. from which he had
been banished, and, inviting the wise
men to partake OF his discovery, they
were so we'll pleased with 1t that they
made him a saint.
The story is told that coffee WINS in
troduced into the West Indies I'm I723
by Chirac. French physician. who
gave Norman gentleman Of the name
or De Clieux. captain OF infantry on
his way to Martinique. a single plant.
TIE sea voyage was stormy one, the
vessel was driven out of her course, and
drinking water became SO scarce that
1t was distributed In rations. De Clieux,
with an affection for his coffee plant.
divided his portion OF water with II and
succeeded in bringing it to Martinique,
although weak, not in hopeless condi-
ton. There he planted K In his garden,
protected II with a fence Of thorns and
watched II daily until the end OF the
year, when he gathered two pounds of
coffee. which he distributed among the
inhabitants OF the island to be planted
by them. From Martinique coffee trees
IN turn were sent to Santo Domingo.
Guadaloupe and other neighboring ia
lands.
The coffee tree IL an evergreen shrub.
growing, In It's natural state, to q height
or fourteen TO eighteen feet 1t is usu-
ally kept trimmed, however. for con-
venience In picking the berries, which
grow along the branches close to the
leaves and resemble in shape and coIor
ordinary cherries. The tree cannot be
grown above the frost line, neither can
1t be successfully grown In the tropics.
The most successful climate for produo.
uon Is that found at an altitude of
about 1000 feet. Anything much above
this is In danger OF frost, which Is fatal
TO the tree. and when coffee is grown
much below this It requires artificial
shade. which materially increases the
cost OF production and does not produce
as marketable berries. II is owing to
this particular requirement that coffee
mas never been successfully produced
IN the United States.-Success.
Virginia citizen. (Irvington, Va.) 1891-1921, 1903-10-09
Not In Favor or Kex,.,on


"A Fresoyterian convention, called for
the purpose or considering a revision
OF the creed, was In session I'm Phila.
deiphia, and n large number of the dele.
gates were staying at certain hotel.
it happened that one OF Philadelphia's
noted baseball pitchers. man OF grave
ana serious aspect when not on duty,
was dining at the hotel with a friend
All around him were Presbyterian
ministers. deep In the discussion of the
proposed revision, and one of them.
mistaking him for preacher. turned
to him and said:
Friend, what do you think of the
contemplated changesY
wen replied the pitcher. whose
mead was full OF certain proposed mod
incations OF the rules of baseball. .T
don't care two straws, just so they do
not knock out the foul strike rule. Thar
helps the pitchers"
Virginia citizen. (Irvington, Va.) 1891-1921, 1903-10-09
aIa.. rha. w,,, No, c...,,

A new kind OF glass that resists
great heat as Well as sudden changes
OF temperature is made from Brazilian
quartz pebbles. The pebbles are heat.
60 req hot and then thrown into dis
tiiieo water. The purest pieces are
next selected and welded with the
oxyhydrogen olowpipe into long stems
IKE Knitting needles, from which glass
vessels or any shape can be made. At
present the quartz glass is chiefly en-
pfoyed Tor making laboratory appara.
tus. Into test tube made In this way
white hot coal can be dropped with,
OUT breaking IL. Vessels OF other forms
can be heated white hot and then
plunged into cold water without crac,ss.
Eng.
Virginia citizen. (Irvington, Va.) 1891-1921, 1903-10-09
Norfolk Il Western RaiIwayCo

Commencing May 25th additional passen GER
Tram service VIII be operated over tine Nor.
iok western Railway as follows
Leave roanoke at a. M, Ly nchburg s:t5 n.
m, STRIVE petersburg u. M, arrive Rich
mond $50 p. m. Leave Richmond I:is n y,
f,eteTpsDnrg p; M, Lynchburg 6:i5 p m; ar,
Leave Lynchburg 40 a. m arrive Roanoke
9:Oo a. M arrive East Radford Io.t5 "a M axo
rive Bristol $50 ID. m. "' nv ar
Leave Bristol 2.C5 n N, ar,ivo r.. a.,
Iord quo p M. arrive Roanoke 1855 %. m. ar
TIVE ely Lynch burg $50 p. m. Close connection
AT EAST hadford TO and from BluefieId No.
ton, WEIGH and intermediate points.
leave Roanoke p. m. arrive HaQerstovn
a'is d. IN. ne.urning leave Hagerstown l:SO
a. M. arrive Roanoke 9:06 a. M connecti0'v
70 and from harrisburg, Philadelphia. New
ork ana interior Pennsy lvania points. Pull
man sleeping cars Philadelphia and Weicb.
w. Va. SAS"'
Leave Roanoke 9:l5 a. m, arrive Winston
Salem p. M, arrive Charlotte N a. an ~
heturnihg leave Charlotte lI:l0 A. M. leave
", " salem 8 ZOO p. M, arrive iioanoke
and Charlotte. oanoAe