davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1903-09-12
Peanuts Produce Soft Lard.

Peanuts Produce Soft Lard. .
1t Is well known that peanuts pro.
duce soft lard, says a bulletin of the
Alabama Experiment Station. When
the feeding of peanuts was continued
un1nterruptedly up to the date OF
slaughter the resulting lard melted
at the low temperature of TAG degrees
Fahrenheit, or at the temperature OF
an ordinary living room in spring. 1t
mas been claimed that by feeding en-
ttrely. on corn for a few weeks before
the date of butchering the flesh and
lard can be brought to the normal de-
gree of hardness. This was not the
case in this experiment. BY discon.
.tinuing the peanuts five weeks before
the hogs were killed and feeding
thenceforward exclusively on corn
meal we succeeded in raising the
melting point to 80.7 degrees Fahren.
heit, an increase OF 81 degrees Fab
renheit. This lard, however, was still
much softer than that from hogs never
fed on peanuts. In a similar expert.
ment in 1898 the feeding Of corn
during the four weeks Immediately
preceding the time of butchering ef-
-fected considerably greater. increase
in the melting point of lard from the
pigs previously fed on peanuts, but in
that test as in the present one the
feeding of corn during short period
did not make the resulting lard equal
in flrmness to that made by continued
feeding of corn.
In this experiment the lard pro.
duced by feeding chufas was prac.
tically as soft as that obtained from
peanut-fed pigs. g..
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1903-09-12
Michigan Fruit Prospects.

The Michigan Department of Agri.
culture reports the fruit conditions OF
the state to be as follows: Prospects
for an average crop Of apples, 60 per
cent; peaches IS per cent; pears, 80
per cent; grapes, u per cent; black
raspberries, IS per cent; orchards that
are cultivated, 50 per cent; trees alive
from last springs setting. IS per cent.
Fourteen counties are included in the
Michigan fruit belt. The prospects in
these for a full crop. Of peaches are
IS follows: Allegan, %; Berrien, ~:
Ionia, 10; Kent IL; Ottawa. 90; Van
Buren,, AZ; Muskegon, IS; Newaygo,
Oceana, 66;; Benzie, 10; Grand
Traverse, So: Manistee, 50; Mason, 60 !.
Lee1anau, 81 average for Michigan
fruit belt. &c.. 5sss. ,;
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1903-09-12
Clean or Dirty Milk,


Some dairymen think if they do not
get a good price for their milk at the
creamery that the fault lies with the
creamery; but the patrons produce the
butter, the creamery only separates it.
Patrons should not forget that the in.
terests of the creamery and their own
are the same. Dairy education has
benefited creamery operators more
than it has the patrons. The state
ment was recently made by one of our
best Informed dairy and creamery men
that-"Milk does not come to the
creamery in so clean a condition to-
day as it did twenty years ago." Be-
fore the day of the separator, milk was
not accepted unless it reached the
creamery in fairly good condition.
Now, if it is not sour enough to clog
the separator, it is received at the
welghcan OF many creameries. When
every man made his own butter on the
farm and sold it himself, he came into
closer touch with the trade and was
more particular about the cleanly
methods of it's production. Since the
creamery has come in between the
milk producer and the butter market
there is tendency to become more
careless in the production of milk.
When milk is delivered in poor con-
'ltlon at creamery or cheese factory.
40 butter or cheese maker however
skilled can make the best product
from 1t. If all of the patrons but one
bring milk that is clean and in good
condition, the man bringing dirty milk
spoils the whole.-Prof. Wilbur J
fraser, Bulletin "a, University of Hi
nOis.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1903-09-12
When Corn Is Too Extensive.

When Corn Is Too Expensive.
Bulletin 81, Montana. Experiment
Station: 1t may appear to- those from
the corn belt that the inability to
grow corn in most parts of Montana
is a strong argument against the busi-
ness of embarrassing. In peas, how
ever, we have an excellent substitute
for corn. Bulletins "a of the Utah
Station by Mills, and 80 of the South
Dakota Station by Chilcott, both re-
port peas superior to corn for fatten-
ing swine. Barley is reported by the
famous Danish pork producers to be
the best single grain for the produc-
ton of high-grade bacon. Director
Henry of the Wisconsin Station gives
the following comparison between
corn and barley as pork producers,
viz:
All pounds of barley meal produced
100 pounds of gain.
435 pounds of corn meal produced
100 pounds of gain.
Wheat-The results of several sta
lions show wheat and corn to be
nearly equal in pork producing value,
with a very slight advantage in favor
Of corn.
Oats-According to Henry's Feeds
and Feeding" the Massachusetts Sta
ton reports that 20 per cent more oat
feed than corn meal was required to
produce 100 pounds of gain. Oats are
more valuable as an adjunct to tighten
heavier rations than when used alone
Rye-The results of comparative
work show rye and barley to have
about equal feeding values. These
facts tend to prove that our grain
foods are exceptionally we'll adapted
to pork making, and at the same time
the use Of these is greatly facilitated
by the possibility of continuous sup
ply of heterogeneous forage crops during
a long growing season, and by root
crops in the winter.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1903-09-12
!. u
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Milk Powders.
7-7''SS }iir-ts >l.'.sls's, .

MIX Powders. IT,
For q generation or more inventors
have been trying to find some way to
reduce. milk to q powder like flour, in
which state 1t could be kept, like -four,
for an indefinite period, and changed 1T
will to milk by the addition of water.
Now and then we hear of some man
that has succeeded, and we are led to
expect the early advent of the drying
process on the market. But always
the inventor has failed to realize his
expectations. The invention of per-
feet process would revolutionize the
milk trade, as it would make it posi-
Bile to produce milk thousands of miles
from where it Is consumed and trans
port 1t at rate far below that now
charged. Such a powder, transmuta-
bic to milk would become second only
to wheat -four as an article of diet.
Some day, doubtless, the recret of
how to do this will be discovered. We
can in the meantime only watch the
men laboring on the problem and re-
port their progress from time to time.
Under recent date, the United
States consul at Coburg reported as
follows: "A German inventor, it is
reported, has discovered a method and
constructed an apparatus which OBJ
viates the drawbacks formerly encoun-
tered in the preparation of milk pow
der. The. apparatus evaporates milk
to complete dryness at a tempera-
ture not exceeding 40 degrees cent?
grade, and without the application of
a vacuum. The powder obtained, it
is claimed, has the fneness of flour.
Neither the taste nor the odor of the
~'llk is altered. Heated with water to
from 60 degrees to 20 degrees to a
temperature exceeding the melting
point of butter-fat, milk is reproduced,
which, on cooling, differs in no way
from ordinary milk. BY a special
treatment, the inventor says, he has
succeeded In preventing the powder
from turning sour. 1t withstands bac-
terra, mold, dampness, and changes
of temperature. About one pound of
powder Is said to be obtained from ten
pounds of milk. The apparatus is
easily manipulated and is capable of
treating' at least $500 gallons of milk
per day. A sample of the powder OBJ.
tanned from skim milk, it is said, was
found to contain 30 per cent albumin
GUS matter, 40 per cent Tactic sugar,
1 per cent fat, ~ per cent salts, and
61h per cent moisture"
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1903-09-12
Why Milk Should Be Aerated.


1t may be said in passing that, al.
though it is very difficult to demon
strate, it is probably true that the
presence of considerable amount of
carbon dioxide in the milk influences
the character of the fermentation. saws
professor of dairying. It seems to
be an established fact that where only
traces Of oxygen exist poisons are
more likely to be formed in food SUBJ
stances. It is noteworthy in connec-
ton with milk that there are several
cases Of poisoning on record where the
milk had not been aerated, had been
shut up in can, the air excluded, the
temperature high, and all those con-
ditions present which are usually re-
Arded as unfavorable. To illustrat,
this more thoroughly you shut up a
ten gallon can Of milk, leaving only a
small air space at the top, it will be
found that soon all the oxygen in that
air space is rapidly: consumed and car
Dor dioxide given of. It follows, un-
der such conditions, that we have es.
ment for the development Of an aero
bic bacteria, which would not grow
rapidly If they were transferred to an
abundant supply Of oxygen lower tenn
peratures, and other circumstances
which we usually find where milk is
properly handled.
We may claim, therefore. for aera.
ton considerable Of practical import.
1t fosters the desirable lamentations
by, creating a larger supply Of oxygen
andzby reducing the amount of carbon
dioxide.- It eliminates those gases
which are not considered desirable and
which are frequently mentioned as ami
NAL odors, taints, etc. It is quite likely
that it checks the development of
those heterogeneous which produce
poisons. " H 8.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1903-09-12
Fencing for Anaoras.

The fencing for pastures is a matter
which early concerns one who con
templates going into the business, fol
1t Is the current belief that goats will
climb onto any shed Of ordinary
height or jump fence that will STOP
other animals, says report Of the
Bureau Of Animal Industry. While
they will climb anything that is built
IN such a manner that it may be
Climbed easily, they will not jump any
ordinary fence. They will, however
creep through If there is an opening
large enough. The old-fashioned
worm" fence, especially if it leans
outward, will not stop goats. The an
giles In such fence are an incentive
and delight to them. Indeed, there
are many hogs that will go over 9
renee OF this kind. In building a goal
renee there are other matters to be
taken into account than simply that
the goats shall be kept in. The an
imals themselves Especially the young
ones) must be protected from dogs
and wolves from the outside. In the
southwest 1t is much more important
TO renee to keep vermin out than it is
to fence to keep the goats in. Sc
the double object must be kept in
view In building a goat fence. Such
a fence must be dog proof, hog proof
and wolf proof. A hog at liberty
which has once had the taste of chick.
en- or lamb or kid is a greater nui
sance than any wolf or dog. and
should be dispatched as being an enc
my to other young live stock as well
as kids.
One correspondent of the Bureau
constructs a fence of ten barbed hoe
wires, with posts set twenty feet
apart, having three stays between the
posts. The lowest wire is only one
inch from the ground; the next four
wires three and a quarter inches apart
and one-half inch added to every
space above. It is necessary that all
the wires should be kept very tight
This correspondent adds the interest
Ing note that many wolves are killed
by screw worms in wounds received
While attempting to crawl through
such: a fence A good fence may be
made of woven wire feet high
drawn on the inside of the posts, and
closely barbed strand Of wire three
or four inches above fastened to the
outside of the posts to prevent ami
mails from jumping in. A straight
rail fence. il the rails ara laid c1ose
enough, as we'll as an ordinary board
fence, will turn goats. Mr.. Jobson
says that five-board panel fence fou,
feet high is sufficient for goats. He
also says that zigzag or worm, fences
are an incentive for the. goats to
climb, and that they will walk along
the top of such, fences as easily as
on the ground. If they are permitted
to climb onto the roofs of buildings II
will not be long before they will have
them completely ruined.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1903-09-12
Valuable Fruit Lists,

Many mistakes are made in the
planting of fruit trees because the
planters do not take advantage of the
opportunities they have for the Sc
curing of reliable information on va
'rieties. Our state experiment stations
and state horticultural societies have
at great expense and after years of
labor prepared lists of the fruits that
are reasonably certain to do well on
the soils Of the state. One of the
states, Indiana, has prepared this list
according to counties, and this is a
very great help when the farmer is
preparing to set out an orchard of any
KIND OF fruit. The lists are of course
not complete, as it is manifestly i'm
possible to include varieties that will
90 we'll In part of the state, but are
not certain to do well in all. Except
where lists are fitted to suit counties
instead of states, the varieties recon-
mended are such as will give good
results within the limits of the state
for which they are made. In a state
ike Illinois, nearly 400 miles in
length, the variation of soil and eli
mate Is very great. This has led the
Illinois State Horticultural Society to
divide the state into three portions
known as the northern, the central
and the southern parts. For each of
these three sections there is differ
ent list. The tree planter has a very
dlmcult problem to handle when he
tries to choose between varieties. He
needs to make careful and continued
inquiry. Especially must he study the
varieties that are grown in his neigh
borhood, if there are any such.
The states differ enormously in their
fruit lists. Thus east of Indiana the
Baldwin is found among the number
OF recommended varieties OF it the
Ohio list says: Zone of the best win
ter apples for the northern part OF
the state, but is fall apple in south
ern counties. Very prolific, bears ev-
cry other year, not seriously affected
by apple scab." 1t would be a great
mistake for Wisconsin grower to
take this as suitable for his state. II
he planted an orchard Of Baldwin
~->OS AN VIVIAN OOuUt1CoS lave cause
to regret it. His orchard would be
killed out by some of the dry winters
and he would pronounce apple grow
ing failure. But the fault would
be with himself in not having select
ed the proper variety or varieties This
is especially true of plums. The Ohio
| list puts Abundance "a Japanese va
r1ety) at the head of recommended
plums. This might do for any To-
cality south of Chicago and north OF
Tennessee, but it would be mislead-
ing If applied in Wisconsin or Mime.
sofa.
Incidentally it may be remarked that
some Of our states are behind in this
work and some that have completed
lists have admitted varieties that are
In dispute as to their adaptability.
Thus we notice some of the Japanese
plums in the Wisconsin list, wi lie
some of the leading plum growers in
that state declare that Japanese plums
there succeed only in very favorable
locations and do not do well as a
general thing.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1903-09-12
Geology and Agriculture.

% sS.'s ~
The realm of agricultural knowledge
Is broadening. The farmer of today
knows more than the farmer of the
past, and the farmer of the future
must be still more widely informed,
New facts are entering into our aeri.
cultural Problems: Geology even is
taking its place in the curriculum of
the learning farmer. Who would have
suspected that learning about geologi.
cal formations would help increase
the crops on certain farm! Yet such
knowledge is proving both valuable
and gratifying to the farmer. To il.
lustrate:
The soil survey in Illinois has shown
few general types of soil, which have
the same characteristics wherever
they are found. This soil has been an.
alyzed and tested by pot culture and
Its deficiencies noted. The farmer on
such soil has only to know that he
Is on such soil to know also how to
treat it to get the best results. Among
the classes of soils so examined and
analysed we note the 'unglaciated."
This soil wherever found has been
formed from the original rock masses
without the assistance of glaciers.
There is large area Of this soil in
southern Illinois, comprised largely in
the counties of Massac, Pulaski,
Union, Alexander, Johnson, Pope and
Hardin, and parts of adjoining coun.
ties. The county of Calhoun in the
western part of the state and 10 Da.
viess county in the northwest part of
the state also escaped glacial action
to their own detriment. These ungla-
ciated soils have been found to con.
tain an undesirable amount of acid;
that Is, they are very sour. They are
all exceedingly deficient in nitrogen.
and this nitrogen lack cannot be SUP.
piled through plants while the soil is
sour, as the nodule bacteria will not
live in acid soil.
But It Is an easy matter to cure
this acidity by the addition of lime in
quantities Of 500 to 1000 pounds per
acre, If the soil is plowed to depth of
six inches only. As it is necessary
to grow leguminous crops in order to
put the nitrogen into the soil, the soil
must be lined. Had this been known
years ago, these soils would have
been treated as indicated and would
have been yielding profitable harvests.
In fact many of these lands that sell
for $25 per acre are declared by Pro.
lessor Cyril G. Hopkins to be as valu-
able as the lands worth 500 per acre
after they have been treated with lime
and devoted for a few years to the
growing Of legumes. It is thus that
the geologist and the chemist are
placing within our reach knowledge
that is to double the value of millions
OF acres of our farm lands.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1903-09-12
kamr Corn.

7 There are two varieties that Kansas
farmers have found most desirable for
forage the black hulled white and
the red Kaf1r, says a bulletin of the
Kansas station. The black hulled
white has a short stocky stalk, with
short joints and quite numerous leaves
OF medium large size. The Red Kat5i
is from seven to ten days earlier than
the white variety, but grows taller,
has a smaller per cent of foliage and
grows reduced yield of grain. Kaftr
corn can be sowed broadcast or drilled
In rows, The latter method seems to
have proven most satisfactory. It can
be drilled in rows the same distance
apart as corn-three to three and a
half feet apart. The kernels shoulu
be drilled In, one In a.place a few inches
apart In the row.: It can be planted
with q grain drill, a one horse corn
drill or a two horse corn planter with
drill attachment. II the grain drill,
is used it is best to stop up all but
two holes. The amount of seed tho
Kansas station finds best is one bushel
to five acres, seed weighing Sc pounds
per 'bushe1. The seed should be put
In about as deep as wheat. It
should be cultivated same as corn.
hut care need be taken not to cultivate
too deep as the roots early in the
plants growth reach from row to
row. II the crop be desired for both
grain and fodder it should be cut with
a corn binder, when the seed. is ripe
and put into shocks. The Kansas sta.
ton reports the average yield for II
years as ~ bushels, while corn for
same period averaged s43z bushels per
acre. Stock soon tire of Kaf1r corn
when fed alone. The feed lacks fat
lis deficient in protein and has an OK.
cess of starch. Fed alonesit is ), conati.
pating to all farm animals. It has to
be fed with laxative feeds to Obtain
the best results. ..,J~ - -
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1903-09-12
Fertilizers forSorchards,

=. x ertllizers TOR Orchard9sSss,
3. Scientists and practical orchardists
are generally agreed on the great value
OF well-rottsd barnyard manure as
the best for an apple orchard, says q
government bulletin. It not only sup
plies humus, but it contains q large
per cent Of other necessary nutritive
elements for maintaining health, vigor
and fruitfulness of tree and develop
ment of qualities for fine fruit prod
uct. But as the stock of this sort of
manure is not always sufficient for the
general demand, other agents have
to be resorted to-, and next In value
and in a concentrated form are I'M
leached wood ashes, which will supply
to great extent the necessary ele-
ment of plant growth. It is maintained
by some authorities that one ton Of
unleached wood ashes contains as
much plant nutriment as five tons OF
ordinary barn manure, and whenever
obtainable ashes should be used in
preference to any other fertilizer.
There are many kinds of manufac.
tured fertilizers, some of which are
valuable for special soils, but to de.
termine just which brand to use is a
little difficult to decide without know.
ing what elements are lacking in the
soil. The three elements most com.
monty deficient In soil are nitrogen,
potash and phosphoric acid, and chem.
ical fertilizers that contain the largest
per cent of these substances will be
the most economical and beneficial.
A fertilizer containing one and halt
to two per cent Of nitrogen, one to
nine per cent of available phosphoric
acid, ten to twelve per cent of potash,
will give excellent results when ap-
piled to orchard land in quantities
ranging from 400 to 600 pounds per
acre.
Cavalry Horses.
In purchasing horses for the cav.
airy service of the United States, the
following, regulations are in force.
The cavalry horse must be sound
and well bred; gentle under the sad.
die; free from vicious habits: with
free and prompt action at the walk,
trot and gallop; without blemish or
defect; of a kind disposition. with
easy mouth and gait; and otherwise
to conform to the following descrip.
ton: A gelding of uniform and hardy
color; In good condition; from 15A
to 16 hands high; weight not, less
than $50 nor more than 1,150 pounds;
from four to eight years old; head
and ears small; forehead broad; eyes
large and prominent; vision perfect
In every respect; shoulders long and
sloping well back; chest full, broad
and deep, fore legs straight and stand.
ing we'll under; barrel large and in
creasing from girth toward flank;
withers elevated; back short and
straight; loins and launches broad
and muscular; hooks well bent and
under the horse; pasterns slantine
and feet small and sound. Each
horse will be subjected to a rigid
inspection and any animal that does
not meet the above requirements in
every respect must be rejected A
horse under five years old should not
be accepted unless a specially fine
we'll developed animal.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1903-09-12

~ y source Of alcohol. It Is Easy and
inexpensive 80 cultivate; it II not q.
fected by drynassso r tianpne s;< it has
no malad iss and cans be harvested;
when desired. Yields of over 80 tons
per acre are reported for it, and a
yield Of alcohol of over $50 gallons' per
acre. The by-produ are worth some
thing for stock feeding, and the stems
dried furnish fuel. The alcohol can,
be substituted for oil in domestic and
industrial uses, and the writer goes 90.
far as to say that its cheap production
will enable it in the future to compete
with coal. - y35Ss4 :