The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-02-05
sta tions and Is per cent In regulation and

stations and Is per cent In regulation and
| in the line. f& "
The employment, Of the current is not
/ less varied than at Niagara, ranging from
the operation of street cars in Oakland:
1 to the running Of a flour mill at Stockton.
and from use in mines in various parts OF
the state to use in miscellaneous indust-y
| ries at Sacramento, Benicia, San jose,
and elsewhere. The plants must be main
! tanned in regular and systematic opera
! ton, and as their initial base OF de-
pendence is the water supply, storage res
! ervoirs have been provided in the high
| Sierras 5000 feet above the sea level,
| furnishing a supply equal to LOO Gays,
| which is the maximum dry period OF rec
| ord in the state.
The third type Of power transmission
| plant is that at the Snoqualmie Falls,
Washington, where the dynamo room
| with 10 900 horsepower Of electrical APP
paratus is situated $50 feet below the sur
| face in large whitewashed cavern, blast
ed and heWn from the solid rock. rms
unique location is due to the fact that the
spray from the falls rendered it lmpos-
| sible to locate any power-house at the
surface The current is transmitted across
| the Cascade mountains through dense for
ests to the cities of Seattle and Tacoma,
where electric lights, railways and motors
are operated. :: 4.
| -a..- Sauit Ste. Marie. - =
The Saint Marys river, which flows from
| Lake Superior into Lake Huron has been
utilized for power development upon an
extensive scale during the last lew years.
| Instead of q comparatively small flow or
water at great head, here is an enormous
volume with a comparatively small drop
| The difference in the levels of tho two
lakes is about twenty feet, most of the fall
occurring in the rapids known as Saint
Marys falls or Sault Sainte Marie. at the
u outlet of Lake Superior. On the CANADIAN
| side of the river a power canal has been IN
use for several years, yielding about w.
| 600 horse power, a large part of which
4 is used direct from the turbines for dr1Y-
! ing wood pulp grinders ,.
l On the AmercarEside Of the river a
/ much larger power development has just
)! been completed. A canal about IA miles
i in length, from 200 to $50 feet in width
} and of an average of about 20 feet, has
been cut from Lake Superior to point
:. on Saint Marys river below the rapids.
t A massive power house contains turbines
capable of developing about $4,000 horse
power All Of this power will be trans
mitted by electricity to industries on both
+ sides of the river. A third canal OF
: similar proportions is to be constructed on
y the Canadian side Of the river, parallellns
+ the one now in operation. A unique
feature of this great development is the
precaution taken to prevent possible low
. erins of the level of Lake Superior or
! interference with the vast steamship trat-
. fic which passes through the locks at the
l RAPIDS Lest the increased outlet at
= forded by canals lessen the flow of water
through the steamship locks, compensat-
ing works have been constructed at the
g head of the rapids for the purpose OF re-
: ducing by means Of movable gates, the
n outflow over the falls in proportion to the
). increased outlet Gated by the power
ie,1 rn6 NV
q maintain the flow of water from Lake Su
e perior as a fixed quantity, regardless o.
: the new outlets afforded by the power
u canals. g.. ..-
u Electric Power in Cotton Manufactures
. In cotton goods manufacture electric
power is being rapidly adopted, both II
Il New England and in the south. One 0
= the larger plants at which WaterpoWe
+, was utilized is the Ponemah Mills, a
y Taftville, Conn.,, where the energy from
y, the waterpower at Baltic, Ne miles away
y has been used to run the weaving mill o
- 700 looms, and to operate 1900 incandes
~ cent lights. A street railway system !
= operated in connection with the mill, an
=. ali electric LOGON olive is employed to hau
9 freight cars distance of one mile
The. typical southern mills utilizing
u. waterpoweE are those at Columbia, and a
u Pelzer,@ IS. c. At Peter the saving in tn
Sfirstscost of the shaftings and betting. a
Of "a mechanical system amounted to nearl
ce $40, O00. The success Of the COluInbi
e. Mills led the owner to develop, a. larg
r. .waterpoWerN system. of their own, fror
n which are driven the CRANKY: Mills, II
IN | miles distant, using 1900 horsepower i
ct motors, and the Palmetto Mills, usin
\ 200 horse power in motors. An even NOR
~ striking instance of transmission
a energy is that Of the Anderson Cotto
as Mills, at Anderson, S. c., driven from tn
- electric light plant at Portman Shoal:
~ ten miles away. Between the water
: wheels at the remote generating plant an
. the spinning frames in the mill there
le not a single belt or auxiliary shaft. Th
~ increase in the quality of production or
~ tanned by the omission of betting is yer
- marked over the old-fash1oned mechan
W caly- driven frames.
g Economies Of Electric Power.
IL The economies introduced into til
w manufa curing processes Of the. Unite
s. States by electric power have recent
n been summarized by Professor F.
e. Croker Of Columbia university, as TO
lows:
I'd F'irst-A real economy in amount
n + Second--Buildings can be lighter. own
or. Ito the absence of heavy lines of shaftir
to and pulleys.
N Thrd-A reduction in expense Of ser'
q ice, such as oiling and depreciation.
~ Fourth-More efficient arrangem ent
= machines and tools, which need no lon,
- er be placed in straight lines parall
=, with the shafting.
~ Fifth-Access to the machinery is east
" from the suppression of belts and pulley
=. Sixth-Greater cleanliness.
III Seventh-Hygenic conditions are in
We proved, owing to the diminution of du
on and dirt; absence of shafting, pulleys ct,
MI lessening of noise.
an NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS. ease IF nlacine diffe
We ent shops in separate buildings and in l
DO eating them according to the strict r
he quirements of the work and without r
is gard to the necessities of the mott
tie power.
yer Ninth-Greater facility in the increa
1st of establishments. q
p Tenth-LocAlization of accidents due
.p- motive power, with consequent less j
ID jury to individuals and the stoppage