davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1903-11-11
Coed Thinu for Farmers.

Digging up a city is a Seod thing
tor tne farmers. You can have 10
idea of the number of wagons and
horses that have been employed in
New York recently in Garth : away
earth taken out of TIE Subway and ex-
eavations for skyscrape.s. Nos or
hem belong to farmers in New Jer-
soy. Long Island. Connecticut and the
nearby counties in New York State.
Instead of being rrac tica1ly idle much
Of the fail. Wilter ard early spriE s,
trey have earned big wages for their
9WEegs. Furthermore. the demand ior
good horses among the contractors
has doomed prices tremeudously.--
New York Press
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1903-11-11
What We Are comiro To

Drink water and get typhoid DRINK
mill, and get tuberculosis. Drink
whisky ard get the jimjams Eat
soup and get Bright's disease. Eat
meat and encourage apopleNy. Eat
oysters and acquire taXemia. Eat
vegetables and weaken the system.
Eat dessert and take to paresis Smoke
cigarettes aid die early Smoke
cigars and get catarrh Drink coffee
ard obtain nervous prostration. Drink
wine and ger the goat. In order to be
entirely healthy ere must eat moth.
ing, and even before breathing one
s3ould see that the air is properly
.-Southwe estern Worlu
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1903-11-11
PAINTING OF GREAT Vale.
Old Canvas, the Work Of Gainsbor.
ouqh, Brinqs Small Fortune.

The other day in London there was
put up for sale in an art room por-
traint of lady in a white muslin
dress with yellow trimming, by Gains.
borough. on canvas, 80 by 20 lncnes,
an awful looking wreck, covered with
dirty varnish and having two large
noles in the canvas-as unprepossess-
ing an object as ever came out of
rag and bone shop. This picture, the
property of an old lady at Worthing.
had been hawked about for some
tine. the owner being anxious to
:ealize SIS on IT, but co one apparent
y wanted il. and it was taken to the
art ROOM where its merits were dis
covered When put up for sale it
started at $1,000, which in a couple
of seconds had reached $25 ,o0e and in
less than minute 1t was knocked
dowL TO purchaser for $45 900.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1903-11-11
The Red Sea.

Here is an interesting theory: What
made the Red Sea reIa The blood OF
locusts Read a few lines from Exo-
dus: And the loeusts went up over
all the land of Egypt, and rested III all
the coasts of Egypt: very grieyou>
were they; before them there were no
such locusts as they. neither after
them shall bessuch. For they covered
the face OF the whole earth, so that the
land was darkened And
the Lord turned mighty strong west
wind. which took away the locusts,
and cast them into the Red Sea there
remained not one locust in all the
coasts of Egypt" The Red Sea tc.
day is no more red than any othec
sea. Its redGening was temporary.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1903-11-11
GROW BEST IN THE NORTH.
These Animals and Plants Affair
Their Finest Development.


The interesting fact has lately come
o the attention of the government
,cientsts that the frog (:he edible va
.iety) attains its greatest and best
development net, as one would i'm
agine, in the semi-tropical swamps OF
s'lorida and Louisiana, but IN lar
Northern Canada. on the extreme
northern limit at which these reptiles
ire found This bears out an old and
pretty safe rule that both plants and
l...mals attain their best development
|. the northernmost point OF their
labitat. Thus the diamond-back ter
..pin Of the Chesapeake brings nearly
light times the price CT the diamond
1ack of Louisiana, and the best or
a3ges are grown, not in tropical Cuba
people of the older generation sti-
,emember the coarse-grained, sourish
-iavara oranses). but in northern
lorida. where the trees are frequently
Ut down by the hard frosts and cold
aeat her. Washing gton Post.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1903-11-11
Stadents Spend Little for Food,

Frederick Merge runs the dining
hall (commons) at the University of
Pennsylvania, Ee wos told that he'd
have between 200 and 500 regular
patrons, The first day he sold ins.
nireteen meals. The students have
no money he is quoted as saying.
Only few of them eat breath. y
or dinner. The majority Of them ca,
but co-cent meal in the evening.
and the rest of the time they live
on milk, crackers and apples
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1903-11-11
.Suee1 victoria Pad a Debt,

King Edwards er2oirtmenl of Sir
Evelyn Wood I, oe a field marshal
has brought out tAe interesting fact
that the family of the Ming was once
deeply indebted to the grandfather OF
Gen. Wood, Matthew Wood. a London
merchant 1t was through the gem
erCsity of the old merchant that the
duke of Kent was able to come TO-
England from Germany SO that the
future Queen Victoria could be born
on British soil The first baronetcy
bestowed by Queen Victoria upon her
acce SSOn was on Matthew Mood.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1903-11-11
NO LANGUAGE OF Tii=lR OWN.
Swiss Are the Only People Who Can
Not Boast a D;atircti>e Tongue.

WI DOdSt a - ~ Gil T OIiSCc.
Among the peo3.es Gf the world the
Swiss are a.One il having no language
ih@y can call heir Own. Acc. ding to
recent v-s.tc4 TO the lite country.
4Neut thu t9urehs Of the people Of
sWitZcTlalI speak German. while the
.cmainder diEiGe four other languages
Ans ng them. mainly French and Ital.
an. the languages varying as a rule
according to the proximity OF the peo-
9le to each country whose tongue they
peak. Public documents and no.
tees are printed in both French and
German.
In the Swiss congress or national
parliament the members make their
.3eecR.es either in French or German,
or nearly all the members understand
y h languages. The orders of the
resident are translated by an official
Interpreter and furnished to the news
napers in both languages. Probably
It would .uzzle even Macaulay'S
earned schoolboy TO name the presi.
dent OF the Swiss republic He is NJ.
tdclt IJeucher lame that Will be
strange, to many ever Of those who are
'aniliar with the names and titles Of
every other European rlVer.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1903-11-11
ELK :, THEATRE
SPECIAL ANNOUNCEMENT

SPECIAL ANNOUNCEMENT
Manager Philrot takes pleasure Il
announcing that he has completed ar.
rangements for the appearance at the
Elks' thetater on Monday, November
16. 1908, of ALBERTA GALLATIN in
ISBEN'S widely discussed play
"GHOSTS.
This play will be presented here with
the same extraordinary cast when was
so highly praised by TIE metropolitan
critics. On accouIt Of the i1tereGt al
ready manifested. 1t has been decided
that orders for seats sent to the box
office before regular sale, Will be filed
IN tie order O. taeir receipt. Free LIST
positively suspended. Prices % GEMS
10 $3.50.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1903-11-11
HORRIBLE CRIME OF NEITHER

Polish Woman Buried Her Little
Se9en-YearOId Csuehtcr Alive.
Al Cracow, Poland jury sentenced
Fronislava Iembas to death without
leaving the courtroom, so Mortified
and enraged Wee the twelve men by
the recital OF the woman's crimes.
Bronislava had a seven-ycars-ol I'D
laughter whom she hated and NAL.
treated in shocking manner. Sen.
c&ced to jail for breaking the little
mes arm, she cCnC eived there the
plal to rid herself of the "bother," as
sc called the little girl After abus.
ing the child to the point of insensi.
olity she took her upon her arms,
carried her into the fields and there
buried her under a sand hill. sitting
her cries by stuffing grass into her
mouth.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1903-11-11

twithstanding the Johnson Gr'i ..
the Cummins plantation has earned
the state en- ugh the first year to pay
for itself. which takes every plank
ont of Jeff's platform for third term
but one. the remaining one being his
desire that the people indorse him in
his confessed badness.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1903-11-11

The welfare of city is similar
TO that of private business. The
business of private concern is made
Il success by constant push and pull.
Tire city must succeed in the same
way. No private business succeeds
wAich is allowed to wag along and
just wait for business to come along.
Tie business has to be gone out att
er. SO IL is with the city. To build
up city you must go after those
things which build up cities.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1903-11-11


Comparisons are said to be odious,
but here is one by Col. Hell Il the
Nealena World that is worth reprint
ing: My. my \ Columbus. O. the
a.er official elected Prince Cupid of
Hawaii, because he looked liNe
negro. Isn't that worse and more OF
t9 man eannot lear a dark skin
in Ohio without being insulted. The
southern outrage is an insignificant
pale green outrage beside the Ohio
article"
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1903-11-11
Afterthoughrs.

ut frequently occurs" said the
member OF Congress, chat the mos
important part Of woma1 S letter is
the postscript
Yes answered his wfe. land ]
have been Informed that quite fire
lnent'y the nest important th.ns
R5oa, e b. is the amendment"
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1903-11-11
Telcnh one Cndac the nc.an

The british postal department. IL
eonjHnetion with the Belgium es5yorn.
Ment is having made a telephone
abe 70 connect the Two countries ao.
:. the Nol III Sea.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1903-11-11

The Graphic has had much to say
in the past two years about valuable
manufacturing enterprises which may
be had for Pine BLUM, but mere talk
in the newspapers and "settin' round
waitin' for somethin to turn up is
rot the way TO secure these enter pris
es. There's g-t to be some work
done. The city which moves to the
fro2t is the one in which the people
all put a shoulder TO the wheel and
give the car of progress strong push
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1903-11-11

The latest number of the Ouaehita
Herald. Camden. is pretty piece OF
press work. handsomely arranged,
and contains much interesting infor-
nation concerning Camden and Qua
chita county 1t contains a
number of half-tone views. and as a
whole is a very ereditable piece of
work.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1903-11-11
Gets Drunk en- Sunshine.

Out IN Portland Ore. it is said
that a well-known citizen recently ac-
anMnlated somewhat overheavy
.ase of intoXicstion by sitting too long
u - ,a..S.....G
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1903-11-11

will not have eneMgh friends left to
dig his political grave.-Jonesboro
Enterprise.
The Enterprise forgets that Dr..
Johnson and Pomp Brown can hardly
afford to go back on Jeff and with
the assistance of the editor of the
Dardanelle Post-Dispatch and the ed
itor of the Rison BazaO, the remains
will not go without an interment, and
there will be four mourners at the
funeral.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1903-11-11

Brinkley has reached the limit in
strenuosity. 4 lynching is now on
ly Sunday diversion in that town.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1903-11-11

The gubernatorial campaign has
grown quite tame again 1t don
even create interest any more for
somebody To call jeff liar while he
is speaking.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1903-11-11

King Cotton still occupies the
center II the stage. and il now takes
seat in peanut heaven" to get high
enough to see him.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1903-11-11

The meanest thing ever said about
President Roosevelt was by the
Jonesboro Enterprise as follows:
Teddy Roosevelt is to the Repubh-
can party of the nation what JEFF
Davis is to the Democracy Of Arkan
sas.'
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1903-11-11
Guarantee Bond and
Investment co.
Capital Stock $4,000
Fund (Jan, 9oD

GENERAL OFFICES ~ Pine St
This insure III
and
/ It's
is
quality between all classes Write
ed ny teaio nytaa and norma chez
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1903-11-11

Gov. Davis loses ground every day
ID every county, and by March he
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1903-11-11

Uncle Mark Hanna is giving Teddy
a taste of the strenuos which his ac=
cidency does not appreciate.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1903-11-11

Where is Mr. Crunshel =Willie al
this war talk is going on?
The Independent. [volume] (Honolulu, H.I.) 1895-1905, 1903-08-17
Booked To Leave.

Per S S Alameda, August 81, from
San Francisco-Robert Wallace, Mrs
Wallace and family, Judge Robinson
Mira Robinson and child, W g Irwin
Miss Babb, Mrs FL G Brown, Mas F
G Atherton, His Lordship Bishop of
Zeugma, o Riedel, Mrs Riedel infant
and maid. w p Miller, @ Du Roi,
Rear Admiral S w Terry, Mrs L B
Kerr, r T Rolph, Raymond Sharpe,
Mrs Sharpe and child, j II Wilson,
Mrs j B Watson.
The Independent. [volume] (Honolulu, H.I.) 1895-1905, 1903-08-17
Passengers Arrived.

Per stmr Ike Au Hou, August 15,
from Kauai ports-John 2 Mendoza
Misses Koelling, Miss Canton, NJ RS
Canton, Mrs Bsrtleman and ID deck
Per stmr Noeau, August Is, from
Kukuihaele-Miss MCCARTHY aud 6
deck.
Per stmr Olaudine, Aug. Is, from
Hilo and way ports-G W Cleve-
land and wife, Seeley 1 Shaw, @ w
Hudson, Prof Rebec, DR. A G Wall ,
G @ Kennedy, w FL Lambet, Miss b
Green, John Watt, e j Walker, Bro
Eugene, Bro Charles, r M Overend ,
Father Oliver, George Stratemeyer,
g A Dayiee, Miss r Wooley, Mrs w
Kekuko, Mrs F M Wakefield, Rev j
B Hsnsike, Ching Lai, D B Kuhns, j
Y Erie, M NJ Erie, Mrs II T Walker,
L M Deacon,W H Hoogs and 4 son g,
f NJ Swapzy, Barr w Musser, r W
Shingle, Miss Anuabelle Low, Miss g
d Freath, DR. j Il Raymond, A w
Carter, D FL Case, Chin Shat, zee
Chin Yuen Chonp, Mrs Wahioemai-
kai, Mrs Kamane,S K Keliinoi, 10 I'm
d Holt, Vac Shsong, Dr. Koby ashi,
w Bariowitz.
From Kauai, per w G Hall, Aug.
16-AT r jackson, T j Cross, Mrs
f Cross, Mrs j Noble, S Lesser
j Suzuki, f Hetduske, A Bonnie, Mrs
T r Jackson, Miss E Fairch lid,
Geo Fairchild, M Fernandez, Chow
Yuen, S Kukumoto, Ng Wo, Hee Fat,
A D Hills, w A Church, l. B Yuen &,
Nam Vine, Miss Schilling, Mrs H
Meyer and 2 children, F Bsumau, F
Fl Jordan, Mrs Mcdonald.
The Independent. [volume] (Honolulu, H.I.) 1895-1905, 1903-08-17
Sugar on Hawaii.

Olaa, about. 600 bags; Waiakes
5000; Wainaku, 1000; Oaomea, 20
600; Honomu, about $4,000; Haka-
lau, 10000; Hsmakhs, 1900; Pau
hau, $50; Honokaa, $500; Kukuiha-
ele, $500; Punaluu, 1890
The Dickinson press., 1903-05-09

Married, May 8, 1903, by Rev. T. L.
Rabsteinek, George E. Allen OF Chicago,
illinois and Miss ~uanita d. Rommer of
San Francisco, California; also John
L. Meyer and Miss Matilda Lu-
kanitsch, both of Eden Valley, Min
nesota. Mr.. and Mrs. Meyer will reside
at Sentinel Butte where they have pur-
chased land. They are the first Of a
large colony of German settlers who
have purchased land from the Golden
Valley Land Co.
w. L. Stockwell, superintendent of
public instruction, came up from Bis
marck Friday morning and visited the
Dickinson High school until the depart
ure Of the eastbound train. Mr.. Stock
we'll seemed much pleased with the cor.
dition of our school and was glad to
learn that the present building was to be
enlarged.
The schools observed Friday instead
Of Saturday IS Arbor day. Each room
planted an elm on the school grounds
and each tree was named by a majority
vote of the children in that room. Miss
Featherstone's room named theirs "Ted.
DIV Roosevelt" Miss Cruden's. "Longfel.
low" Miss Anderson's. ROOSEVELT"
! Miss HOLSTERS. Custer" Miss Cou-
lures, "Wild West Elm;" Miss Wards,
buffalo Bill" The high school tree was
a class treee-"Ioo3." Owing to the cold
wind the exercises out Of doors were
much shortened. Each room had pre-.
pared two special songs for the occasion
With the exception of the two lower
rooms, pupils were chosen from each
room to water the trees and care for
them during vacation.
The Dickinson press., 1903-05-09
Esr.sr p,el,a.os Re.,d,vt o,.d.

Miles City Journal: Mrs. Nellie
Tremblay. the devoted wife of w. A.
Tremblay, passed gu Of her earthly suf-
fering on the morning of April %. The
cause OF her death was intlammatory
rheumatism, the disease with which she
has been most painfully afflicted for the
past eight months and which several
times brought her 50 near deaths door
that hope Of her rallying had about van
ished. There was nothing that could be
thought Of that promised temporary or
permanent relief which was left undone
by the husband. but the efforts were all
in vain. She bore her suferings, how
ever, with patience throughout the long
ordeal.
Mrs. Tremblay was born in New Or
leans in 1855. her maiden nam being
Veatch. She was married TO MIR. Trem.
blay in Minneapolis in 1886 and one
child, named after her mother, Nellie,
was the only issue OF 1.-THE union. In 1906
Mr.. and Mrs. Tremblay moved to Dick
inson, North Dakota, and lived there till
1900 when they came to Miles city.
The Dickinson press., 1903-05-09
literary Notes.

Brides, graduates, and flowers are the
dominant features of the first month Of
summer, and the June number of the
New Idea Women's Magazine treats Of
them all. "June, the Month Of Roses"
is a practical floral paper, by Benjamin
b. Keech, charminsly illustrated. Sarah
Slater contributes a noteworthy article
on "June Brides" Agnes Warren de-
scribes "June Fetes;" and Kate Marston
writes Of "A Woman and her Pin
timely themes, the several departments
Of Society, Fad., Good Housekeeping,
Embroidery, and Home Dressmaking
receive novel treatment, characteristic
Of the season.
There is no diversity of opinion as to
the necessity OF obedience to a child's
we'll being, but in the methods whereby
obedience is secured there is a wide diff
ference in the practices, at least Of par
ents. In a paper in the June D%elineator
Mrs. Theodore w. Birney gives some
eminently sane advice on obedience and
punishment. Mrs. Birney is not partial
to the rod, and she holds that incorrigi-
bility in children is more often due to a
"lack of self-control and knowledge of
temperament and child nature" in the
parent than to any abnormality in the
child. There is, doubtless, an element
of truth in that, though lone may dis
agree. However, there are other points
in the article that many parents will do
we'll to take to heart. The author shows
a wide knowledge of the nature and
needs of children.
June being the favored month for we'd
dipgs, that issue of The Designer gives
special space to articles OF interest 10
the mi who expects soon 10 be a
bride. brides and Bride Attendants"
The June Brides Trouseau" and "Wo-
mans Fads and Fancies' all cater to
this one subject, and even the fiction
leans to that side, for "Laviny's We'd
ding Gown" and "Thalia's Successful
Play" have matrimony as a theme. The
fashions and millinery shown in this
month are charmingly summary and 30
are Fashions and Fabrics" and
"Points or Dressmaking," both of which
have left heavier subjects to discourse
on the light and airy side of woman's
attire. In the literary portion of the
book 1.-THE Magic of the Roof Garden"
Summer Sitting Rooms" Farm Life
for the Children's Summer Vacation"
and "A Cherry Ripe Drill" all breathe
of summer freedom and wholesome out
of-doors.
Refrigerator for sale. Inquire of J. P.
Tingle.
The Dickinson press., 1903-05-09
GLADSTONE NOJeS.

Mrs. D. c. F. Birdsall after visiting
relatives here has gone to Antelope for a
weeks visit.
At S. D. Grigg's there are now three
children sick with small pox.
The Will Barr farm was bough, by a
man from Wisconsin.
1t is to be hoped that the date set at
last years "Old Settlers" convention
for its annual picnic will be remembered,
viz. the 18th of June.
The first religious services known to
have been held in Stark county were
attended by about 60 persons in the
Emigrant house at Gladstone Then
Green River) on Sunday, May 7, 1882.
NJ. H. Stark, Nels Gustin. J. M. Tracy
and wife were among those who came
together from Wisconsin.
A great many fruit trees are being
planted here this spring.
The Dickinson press., 1903-05-09

Wool sacks and wool
at
McCloy & Senour's.
The Dickinson press., 1903-05-09

At the Congregational church next
Sunday morning Rev. H. V. Rominger
will preach on the subject: "Christ's
Criticism of the Pews." preceded bv a
short sermon to the children. In the eve
ming at 8 o'clock the subject will be-: "A
Brave Woman and How She Overthrow
a Corrupt Politician"
If there is one practice more than an
other which should be discouraged by
every coed citizen it is that of sending to
St. Paul, Minneapolis and other places,
to buy goods which might be purchased
here for tho same if not less money. An
other feature of this out-of-town buying
that is hardly the fair thing is that the
people who buy away from home in
variably send cash, while when
they are short of funds, they 60
to the home dealer and ask him
to extend credit. As he is usually a
good fellow he does it, but it is not fair
to ask him. Neither is it a mark of good
citizenship to trade away from town.
Palladium.
The special election or May End to
vote on the question of issuing $4,000 In
school bonds for the purpose of erecting
an annex to the present high school
building interested I64 voters enough to
present themselves at the polls. There
we're 11o votes for the issuing of bond.
and IS votes against. A peculiar thing
about those voting against the measure
is that fully one-half the number came
from the south side and at one time i
looked as though the whole populac'
over there was coming out to defeat the
measure. but after Representative Lisl
and Judge Kono had explained matter
a little, the German people began to Sc
that they had wholly misunderstood tn
real situation and were no longer op
posed to the bond issue.
The Lexington dispatch. [volume] (Lexington, South Carolina) 1870-1917, 1903-06-17

"'CoE1in' down the valley with some
kyars behind it. Yo've bin BLOWN
ard braggin' all the spring. and yer
Jest fceiin' that yo've got to whop sun
tim or die. Git down On the track
and turn yerself loose
"'Tll Go it. pop. and if I don't take
seven different twists in this ole rail-
road then III never look another wood
chuck in the face
what l tigycrcd on" said Zch as he
fcavrG a long sigh. was that Joe
y-o;.,I hey sense 'nu:f in his lead to
s%tt~c!; tie track when lie seen What
re lullg:ne was lie hadn't, though.
He stood thar and jumped up and
down and cracked lis heels together
and whooped, and when 1 hollered at
him he turns to me and seZ:
"'Pop. yo' jest watch my smoke ana
don't loose any of the fun. Yer boy
Joe are gwine to pull this railroad up
by the roots or perish in the attempt.
And he did wait for the engine to
strike him?" asked.
"Yes, jest waited right thar. prancln
around and whoorin'." replied Zeb. Il
started fur him, but bcfo' l got thar
the bullgine struck him, and he went
sail;n' over the bushes. 'Peared to me
he never would cit done sailin', but
bimeby he cum down with crash.
When I looked him over, found he
was all broke to pieces. was hftln
him up when he open his eyes anu
smiles and SEE:
".Pop. did tackle the railroad?
"'Yo' did, My son. sez l.
"'And thar was fout?
"eThar was
"And which got whopped"
"As he was a-dyin' and l didn't want
to hurt his feeiin's I told him that he
had licked the hull outfit and kivered
the family with glory. lie lifted up
one hand and tried to wboop. but that
vhoop was only a whisper, and he died
in my arms"
sThen he never knew how it was"
"Never knowed it, sab. Jest went to
his death thinkin' he had twisted that
railroad clean over two mountings and
back ag'in and that be weighed ton
or naore'n any other critter in Tennes-
see.
"Poor Joe! If I'd a-gone at it and
dri7' him about two feet into the airth
when the cussedness fust got holt OF
him, he bin livin' and humble man
today, but let him tackle railroad,
and be got busted all to squash"
NJ. QUAD.
The Lexington dispatch. [volume] (Lexington, South Carolina) 1870-1917, 1903-06-17
Night Air.

One of the bugbears of old time peo-
pie is night air. and there is little ex-
aggeration in saying that the supersu-
ton against night air has killed more
people than the free circulation Of it
has ever injured There is abundance
of proof that night air is injurious to
no one. On the contrary, people who
sleep outdoors under the mere protec-
ton Of q tent are the bealthiest Of oil
people, and the practice has largely
gained in popularity Of late years IN
der wider knowledge Of hygiene for
people in delicate health to 60 in
camping parties and breathe the bal
sam of the night air. The vigor gained
from a few weeks Of such an outing is
a marked proof that the old prejudice
against night air is as foolish as most
other old wives whims.-Exchange.