davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1903-06-21

suggestions of an obelisk, but there is
nothing Egyptian about It; In Its light
ness and springiness 1t Is thoroughly
American. BY the skilful arrangement
OF its gradually ascending base, and tho
grouping Of uplifted pinnacles about II,
1t has an expression OF upward striving
toward an inaccessible Ideal such as is
portrayed by no other monument that
ever was built.
a few details OF the construction help
the mind in considering this gigantic
creation as structural possibility. The
volume of the main central shaft is
nearly twenty.six million cubic feet (ro-
member It is over quarter OF mlle
high, and 225 feet square at the botton)
and considering the weight OF good build
Ing stone to be $50 pounds to the cubic
foot, There would be pressure of forty
six tons on every square foot OF the
edElH Oh WlllCll ~ Sloous AZ bbilb ~ ooiAu
would therefore make 1t at once to-,
| heavy and too expensive. On the other
hand. the wind pressure upon It's enor-
nous length will aggregate, during the
winter gales, hundreds OF tons, so that
to erect It OF steel framing with a. mere
sheathing OF stone, like an office building.
would render It liable to DO broken off
or blown over bodily. 1t was necessary.
therefore, to make another adjustment
of differences. The final plan shows a
construction partly followed out In GAL
leries, for tho sake of lightness. and
rornprising both steel and concrete In
massive combination. with heavy stone
work on the exterior. The result Is a
structure which, according to all archl,
tectural experience. would stand firmly,
When his idea had thus far developed
| an additional brilliant idea came to the
architect. Since the structure was to DO
rallerled on the interior. why not make
| It quite as much an American monument
within as without? Why not bring to-
eether In one large national museum
within its massive walls all the import
ant relics and keepsakes Of our American
career and make one harmonious chrono-
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1903-06-21

where they are fast building up mill
tary aristocracy. 1t is less 80 here. and
there is more chance for the ordinary SOL
der to rise to a good position.
THE RUSSIAN CAVALRY HORSES.
Russia has some excellent cavalry. The
men ride like Texas cowboys and their
horses are among the finest in the world.
The common cab. horses OF the Russian
capital are better than the swell car
rage horses of Washington. They are
Orloff stations as black as coal, with
fine action and great speed.
There are splendid horses all over Rus
STA. and. indeed. the empire has more
horses than any other country In the
world. According to the statistics OF our
Agricultural Department all the horses
on earth number about 65,000,o0o. Rus
sia alone has so.ooo.ooo or estimating four
persons to each family, about one horse
to every family in the whole empire.
The most of the Russian horses belong
to the peasant farmers but a vast num-
Der are found on the steppes or high
plains and in the lowlands. The steppe
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1903-06-21

but for sheer structural deeds Of daring
bold readings toward the mechani.
cally impossible-gye US a F'renchman
every time. 1t Is not, therefore. alto.
sether a surprise to find that this scheme
for the tallest and greatest monument 1t,
the world has been evolved and reduced
to working possibility by man bearing
the Gallo name OF Desire Despardele--
man who for some years has served as
chief Of the department OF architectural
design In the Massachusetts Institute OF
Technology. NJ Despardelle states tho
idea OF great American monument FIRST
occurred to HIN when he saw the magic
white city OF the Chicago Worlds Fair.
Some extraordinary imposure ought. he
thought to be placed on the site to mark
It after the white city had vanished.
Nothing OF the sort. OF course, was at
tempted, but tho longing had been OF
SUFFICIENT strength to put Professor Des.
pardelle at work on a vast project. From
this as a beginning. one can trace the
growth OF the idea In his mind through
long line OF designs that hangs on the
Walls Oh NIB OIllCe at tne institute Oh
Technology. Tho earlier drawings are
comparatively small. incining to the
gothic style OF architecture, but In them
you can note a stendy progress to the
much larger, simpler, clear.cut design
that stands as the fnal effort. And the
evolution IL not merely ono OF style: az
the monument has grown In beauty and
magnifcencc. so also the designers idea
OF what 1t is to raeen has developed. In
It's final form 1t marks no special point or
epoch in our history, but rather typifies
America and the Americans from the
Declaration OF Independence to the
present day. 1t is a monument OF monu.
ments. ''Why should not civilization at
intervals place symbol OF Its progress
UP to given timer asked ~. Despair.
delle, in a recent interview. What
have In mind is an eptomc OF the vast.
ness OF American civilization,
magnificent idea and a magnificent
design. so all sorts OF people have said
ana thought: and the French government
has given It Its special communication or,
as they express It, crowned" It. Just
why government should thus concern
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1903-06-21
S,n,beas From The South 81 Sz 4ux s557ov Just

fer trouble, en- de yuther half in cussin'
out de worl' kaze dey found It.
Dis is a great country fer folks ter
rise In: but 1t would take a ton err dyna-
mite ter SEN some err dem higher.
De fattes 'possum is always on de
hishes' tree. EN- it's mighty seldom de har-
ricane comes ter blow.him down ter us.
Dis thing dey calls civilization Is well
enough in It's way. but what we needln'
in dis country Is mo- picnlos in de woods.
De small man in de mig place is lax
lizard in de sunshine, wavin' his blanket
en- tellln, creation dat he's a alligator,
De ears. err 1ackass is long enough ter
hear ev'ything dat gwlne on. but de po'
creetur' amt hardly got brainse enough
ter flop EN-
De way er de transgressor Is hard,
onless he tuck enough money wild him
wen he lef' de bank ter lay in supply
er feat Their beds.
pey's several reasons why wisdom don't
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1903-06-21

logical display OF them, instead OF hav1
ing them scattered about the country
And finally, since the monument was thus
to typify the growth, the might and the
accomplishments OF our country from the
very day We became a nation, where else
should it properly stand but In the city
Of washin gton?
Right here came the transition from
considering It a mere design, interesting
on paper, to considering 1t a possibility
a probabillty-in fact, necessary pro-
ject, one that must sooner or later be un-
dertaken. A gentleman whose influence
In Washington is by no means inconsider-
able, whose artistic feeling Is strong, and
whose heart Is enthusiastically American,
has lately become very earnest over the
idea and the design, and Is to-day putting
forth his energy toward Its material real
ization No matter about his name; he
would rather not see II In print quite
vet in this connection. but suffice It that
this has become his pet idea
There seems according to his argumenS
to be every good reason In the world why
we should have national monument at
Washington and very few reasons why
we should not. Plans are even now in
progress to change the National Capital
from a city OF magnificent distances to
a. city Of real magnlflcence, and the new
monument could be worked into the new
scheme OF things to crown all To the OBJ
lection which might naturally be raised
that the new construction would eclipse
the Washington monument already there.
and even the Capitol itself, 1t Is fairly
contended that it would, Of course, sub
ordinate them all Individually, but ~
would but add to their assembled beauty.
Anyone who has seen, from the nefghbor-
ing mountains. the city Of Rome seeming
ly gathering itself eplendidly about the
great dome Of st. Peters despite its other
magnificent features. will be able to fore
see in his minds eye the improved eff,
feet in Washington were NJ. Despradelle's
monument there to set the pace, as
1t were, for the architecture of the whole
town; and to him who has seen Venice
before and after her tall Campanile fell.
the advantages will be still more OBJ
vious. n
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1903-06-21

Especial Correspondence to The Times.
Dispatch)
BOSTON. MASS. June 2o.-Whether 1t
will ever be erected or not, who knows7
II ndll cost money, a great deal OF money,
Az Judged by European standards. though
nothing alarming when one considers the
aggregate of American wealth. The price
OF three or four battleships or of one flrst-
class university would compass it-per.
hsps will compass II. But the present fea-
turc OF interest Is that the thing Is pos
sible--is n perfectly feasible engineering
proposition. Once erected, 1t would stand
az monument to the greatness and
achievements OF the American people
from It's birth to the present day, the
most tremendous structure OF Its Kind
ever planned by man since the days OF
the Tower OF Babel; tho greatest single
and about the biggest thing in physical
dimensions that could ever be projected
while building materials are what they
are. Indeed, you cannot from cold facts
and figures get any idea OF how wonder
fully tall and imposing this monument
or, more properly speaking this symbol
IL planned to be: for beside It the tallest
cathedral spires seem like toothpicks set
against n sky.scrAper; the great dome OF
St Peters becomes low and inconsequent;
the washington Monument and even the
cid Pyramids themselves shrink to puny
things and tho slender Eitfel Tower app
pears but f,imsy skeleton. Such Is the
construction, designed to stand at the
National Capital. that has been worked
out by a Massa chusetts Institute OF Tech.
nclogy professor with such completeness
OF details that wore the money for its
erection forthcoming, work on 1t might
begin tomorrow. Even as an architects
dream, It Is worth reading about. and
there is a strong likelihood that the dream
Will become reality. Hero Is the story OF
its creation. as grandiose design that
has already evoked the enthusiasm Of
artists Ike Augustus st. Gaudens and Of
practical business men In New York and
Boston. to whom 1t has been shown.
In matters OF design and construction
we look to the English for the most
conservative. substantial works. to our
selves for the most ingenious inventions:
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1903-06-21

Especial Correspondent OF The Timcs-Dis-
patch0 t
ST. PETERSBURG. May 12-Thc Gear
is In favor OF universal peace. but he has
the largest army OF the world. He has
more officers than we have officers and
men in our regular army. and even IN
these piping times OF peace his troops
exceed one million Should war re de-
clared he could increase them 20 five
millions. and could put into the field
10000 OF the best horses In tho world.
For the past thirty years military SER
vice has been obligatory upon all Rus
slams. Every boy. on becoming OF age, is
liable TO service. and there are sI6,HO
new recruits every year. OF these. 10,Co0
are taken into tho active army and fleet
and OF the rest the majority go into tho
militia They serve off and on until
thew are forty-thrco years old. and arc
always ready to be called out in case CT
war.
It takes a vast number Of troops to
keep this great empire in order. The
frontiers are enormous. During the CHI
nese war 10000 men were sent 70 Siberia
ana a great wall OF Notifications ms
10 DO kept UP along ths western frontier
10 guard against invasion from Europe.
The frontier guard now amounts 10
GDoo men, and in addition vast numbers
have to be scattered throughout the va
rious states and the Russian territories
In Asia.
SOLDIERS FROM EVERYWHERE.
These Russian soldiers come from
everywhere over he empire and they
serve everywhere. Some OF them are
sent to Russian Turkestan. where they
form part OF camel troops taking long
marches over tho desert. Others arc Co.'S
sacks serving in Southern Russia and
different parts OF Asia, and also with
The regular troops in other sections.
There are Finns from Finland. great
Russians and little Russians, Tartarsi
and CIrcassians, and indeed so MANI
rnces that some regiments could not pos
sihly make themselves understood ou'-5
side their own army division. seq many
OF tho different characters here In st.
Petersburg, The uniforms are OF all
colors Here Is long-haired officer
from the Caucasus with coat reaching
down to his feet: there a Cossack with
A cap OF black astrakan. making, ms mead
like that OF the Medusa; and farth:r
along noble Russian IN me swell UNI
form OF one OF His Majesty'e pet regt-
ments.
lam much interested In tho Cossacks
They are dark-faced, rough looking fel-
lows from about the Black Sea. There
ara about 100000 OF them all told. and
they furnish 10000 men for tho army
They are sent out by the various Cos
sack States, each Of which equips, clothes
and arms it's own soldiers They belong
mostly 10 the cavalry. and are. among
the finest horsenen OF the world. In
deed, it is said that the average Cos
sack can ride bareback, standing up Ike
the athlete OF the circus.
These men are professional . so.u,e, 49,
10 can in the army. They are loyal but
are ar very Independent. and are better
treated than the other soldiers, They
Know hut one thing; that Is. to obey
and they will fight to the death. II was
these Cossacks who gave Napoleon 50
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1903-06-21

much trouble when he retreated from
Moscow. They hung about him and
kept up a continual attack. When the
French soldiers threw away the gold
and silver they had stolen at Moscow
the cossacks gathered 1t up and gave 1t
to the Kazan Cathedral OF st. Peters,
burg. 1t has been moulded into silver.
fence, and 1t now surrounds the altar OF
that church.
WITH THE RECRUITS.
As It is now. every family in the RUS
sian empire has something to do with
the army. There are in all about twenty
five million families. They are recorded.
and record Is kept OF all births and
deaths. The ages OF the boys are watcll-
ed. and every year call IS issued 70
those who are twenty-one to come forth
for inspection. They draw lots. and two
hundred ana nifty thousand Of them are
put into the regular service. while the
most OF the others are assigned to the
militia. Those in tho active army serve
five years. and later on have eighteen
years In the first and second reserves.
The Russian army is one Of the great
civilizing forces OF this country. The
peasants are very ignorant, and there
are but few schools. Those drafted into
the army are taught to read and write
and they are sent back home with new
ideas gotten through their service IN
deed, the change Is so marked that
man who has had military service can
command Is per cent. higher wages In
almost any pursuit than those who have
not served.
MILITARY SCHOOLS.
Russia has large number OF military
schools. It has academies which VIII
rank with West Point. and also subordi-
nate schools for every branch OF the ser
vice There are three such schools IN st.
Petersburg and ono in Moscow. st. Pc
tcrsburg has cavalry school. an artil-
lery school and school for military en-
cheering.
Some OF the best OF The recruits get into
these schools and they are also attended
by the sons OF tho nobility and military
officials. About 5000 new officers are
needed every year and the increase OF the
service owing to the pushing forward OF
matters In Asia gives many chances for
advancement.
ONE CENT A DAY.
On the whole, however, there is little
inducenient for poor man to 80 into the
Russian army as an officer, and none
whatever for him to serve as soldier.
The common private does not receive, all
told, more than cent day the year
through, although his food ana clothes
are found His regular allowance is little
more than a rouble year, but he has
other extras which bring It up to little
less than 81.
Think OF 81 a year for spending money
including cigars and drinks and you have
the condition of 100000 OF Russas million
men. OF course many get money from
home, but the families OF others are too
moor to send them any, Do you wonder
at the occasional extortion? I don't. The
officers are a little better paid, but not
much. A lieutenant In the Infantry gets
about 5000 year. captain about $500 and
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1903-06-21

"Deyg tu'n me out er meetin' Of double
But de- Devil make him answer he mus
"You got ter dance Hereafter. SO you bet
ter Tar 1t now"
LET foot, Br'er Jinkins-
LET foot en- right.
Dancin' wild de devil
On Sunday-meetin' night
En- fun den onte de present-on de hig
road en- de street.
Br'er Jinkins keeps a-gwlne Wild a shuf-
fe In his feet
En- he don't want any fiddle. or de music
err de hans.
pin err his hans!
Lef' foot. Brer Jlnkins-
LEI foot Ell right.
pancin wild de devil
On a Sunday-meetin' night!
Lively Timesin Biyille.
"Well, sir" said the Billville citizen.
,.ef they ain't a power o. confusion In the
skies after awhile. I'll give 1t up!'
whats the trouble2"
"Wel. over yander is Deacon Jones.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1903-06-21
Russian Army Greatest Military Establishment Of the orld

not bother you. He Is a very decent tel-
low and minds his own business. He is I
more polite than the New York police
man and more gentle and kind to the
people. Indeed. one might go all over
Russia and hardly know that the police
exist. I have travelled thousands of miles
hero at one time or another and have
had no trouble. and that at the same
time that other Americana imagined they
were being prosecuted. One correspond
ent claimed that he was expelled from
the country when I personally know
that no left because he was scared to
death by the ghosts Of his own iinagna-
ton. w @
HOW KEENAN, LEFT RUSSIA.
At the same time the government does
not extend It's hospitality to those they
believe ready to Islander and Willy 1t.
This is the position that George Kennan
holds in the eyes of the officials. Every
one knows how he has attacked the Rus
SLAMS and many here think very unjustly.
Notwithstanding this he came to Russia
about two years ago and took UP his resi-
dence here He had just gotten settled
when a policeman called upon him and in 4
formed him that the government thought
he could do Russia, most good by leaving
1t, Tho policeman had an order to this
effect. and at his directlsn Mr.. Kennan
went to his room and remained there un-
til arrangements were made for his de-
parture. His meals were served In his
rooms. He was allowed to write letters
and his friends were permitted to call
upon him, but further than this he was
prisoner. He was sent away within a few
days.
,r,rr por rc,1, ~, on, r,r1rrrr, cprrpn
The police corps of the Russian capital
numbers about two thousand men. I,don't
know the number required for the Greater
New York, but I venture 1t is double 1000
The city Is divided up into forty-two po.
lice districts, each of which has its pollce
station and police court. record Is kept
in moment the history and standing OF
every man. am told that these records
nre kept on papers Of different co ie
SUSPECT" yellow may mean "criminally
dangerous" and white "eminently respect
able and a friend of the government.
there is no doubt that the government
keeps lists OF the names of mon dangerous
to It, and that such lists are sent TO the
agents OF Russia all over tho world.
POLICE SPIES,
The 1000 policemen OF st. Petersburg
known, There are thousands more In
the secret service who dress In citi-
Gems clothes. Indeed. 1t Is said that every
and that the janitors OF the various fats
give monthly reports on their tenants.
The landlords Of the hotels are respon-
rope, where I am stopping. has police
had to leave my passport there upon my
! depart, Every hotel takes charge of
your passport the moment you come IN.
and this Is the case not only with the
foreigner but with the Russian as we'll.
Every citizen Of the empire must carry a
passport, and the native Is subject to
the same rules as the foreigner.
FRANK G.AqARPENTER.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1903-06-21

sand Of them every year for the caval-
~.
And then there are the Kalmuck horses
bred by the wandering tribes OF SOUTH
eastern Russia and beyond tho cas-
plan Sea In Asia. They number about
30. 900 In mares alone: they are noted for
their cavalry qualities. The Kirghiz. who
live over In Asia, but are governed by
Russia. have something like four million
horses, and the peasant farmers Of Rus
sia have horses which will serve in time
Of war. Even the commonest OF the
plow animals are good trotters and they
are made to go like the wind.
The chief race horse hero is the Orlotf
trotter. breed originated by Prince Or
loft who imported Arabian and English
stations and crossed them with Dutch
and Danish mares.
THE CAR AS A HORSE BREEDER.
The Gear spends vast sums In the I'M
provement OF the Russian horse. He mas
board OF horse breeders which taxes
charge of the government studs. Inc
finest OF Arabian and English horses
are Imported and also British. French
and Prussian draft horses. The best OF
these arc sent to different ports OF tho
empire. In addition there are thirty-ono
state stables under the management OF
the chief of this board which furnish
stations to the farm districts free OF
charge. There are many private So
cietes for horse improvement and about
1900 private stables.
Many OF the cavalry horses are bought
the ho5se fairs II wSh are Of Rns
sta, and especially in the stock-raising
centers. The horses as a rule are cheap,
spn eInns ,sS or Sns ss5 FOR general
RUSSIAN FoRT1FICATIONs
Tho Russian empire is we'll fortified.
Poland Ia defended by four stronghoids
and there are numerous other forts al1 5ag
hs E99SRssn rant ana there ea ara
1or passed as Tie latter forts as came here
they se on an ans s1a s f e saa e.
HISS Russian ais'i navy. From this island e the
mnnlan sa,S are w,ah na 9ort nnon T. FORM
ling e strns w 81 fortfsations rislns
It were out Of the water. The islands
o %th ke ha past fsW Years. Russa has
i ReeH Ea eten Siberia Just before the war
t thns time e' and ,ra had
been erected about Viadlyostock; Fort
Arthur Is now strongly fortified. II Is
Commercial metropolis at the Msnchurian
end OF the Trans Siberian road: and IS
the Cars naval station N the TAR east.
and in the Caucasus, so that there Is lit
tie danger OF the empire being sur
prIsed,
THE POLICE AND THE ARMY.
Every one fears the. Russian police. and
the average tourist who comes here tmas.
ines that spies are always tagging at
Ills heels. AS far as ] can see neither
SO prominent or offlcious In St.. Peters
burg as they are In Berlin. The Ger
man policeman Is everywhere The Rus
sian policeman, provided vow nave "a q
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1903-06-21

of. say. 800 feet. the identical design.
built on a scale which raises 1t 1.5o0 feet
will appear altogether out of proportion
and this new monument Is to be between
j 800 and 800 feet high from the ground
10 where its far-seen beacon burns, the
actual height depending somewhat upon
the character Of the surrounding country
and the nature of the approaches, though
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1903-06-21
THE POLICE AND THE ARMY.

cry out In de big road; en- de principal
one is dat he fools saves her de trouble
by dom all de hollerir'.
De sayln' is. YOU mus fight de devil
Wild fire. but dat won't do-kaze he's
use ter 1t. I'm of YOU thow water on him
you only raise mo- steam!
Dey may be a time a-comin' Wen De
lion EN- de lamb will Law down tergedaer,
but iedgin' from de way things Is swine
on now It's my opinion dat de lamb won't
lay dar long.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1903-06-21

itself about what exists only on paper
might not at first appear, for any one. it
would seem, with bit of charcoal and
an eye to architectural proportion, could
design graceful shaft to whatever airy
height he chose. Yet to design thing
of this sort that would stand firmly and
look we'll means-~as every practiciog
architects knows--much more than sim.