davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The independent. [volume] (Lincoln, Neb.) 1902-1907, 1903-10-22
name of EACH party having can
didates on the ballot; and to the

name of EACH party having can
didates on the ballot; and to the
right of EACH party name, a cir
Gle one-half inch in diameter, with
leaders connecting the PARTY
NAME to the CIRCLE"
Secretary Marshs skunk ballot COM
plies with this as far as concerns the
republican, prohibition and socialist
parties; but it fails to provide party
circle for either the democratic party,
or the peoples independent party,
and, therefore, is Illegal.
Had Secretary Marsh the least re-
spect for his official oath, he would
have prepared his sample ballot" af-
ter the fashion below. But, political
accident that he is, he seems to inn
agine that it is his duty to violate the
law in order to give his party some adj
vantage, real or imaginary. Here is
the correct form:
The independent. [volume] (Lincoln, Neb.) 1902-1907, 1903-10-22


In proof of this, let us read the first
syllabus of the opinion written by
Chief Justice Norval in the case OF
State of Nebraska ex rel. Charles @.
De France VS.. Douglas Frye, 62 Neb.
Reports, 817:
''It is the duty of the proper Of
ficer (the county clerk in this in
stance) in preparing all official
ballots, to put at the top and left
side of the ballot, in black-faced
capital type, not less than one
eighth Of an inch high, the name
of EACH party having candidates
on the ballot, and to the right Of
EACH party circle one-haf inch
in diameter, with leaders connect
ing the party NAME to the CIR
Gle"
This was case in which the re-
lator sought to have the ballot printed
identically as above-and he won.
Judge Norval, speaking for the entire
court. said:
1--WE are unanimously of the
opinion that the relator was en-
titled to the relief sought herein
and the writ is accordingly al
lowed"
The Independent comedies that the
republican party is entitled to first
place; but it cares nothing whether
The independent. [volume] (Lincoln, Neb.) 1902-1907, 1903-10-22

The war is still over in the Philip
pines. Last week Governor Taft ca
h'ed the president that Governor
Ratts renorts the surrender OF Col
onel Banholtz of the conssabnlary, Of
thirty-three more rifles. at Iigao. Al
bay, making hundred in ALL"
The independent. [volume] (Lincoln, Neb.) 1902-1907, 1903-10-22
PopuIists, Attention!

Just as The Independent had antici-
pated, the mephitic individual who
draws the salary of secretary Of state
has sent out pretended Sample bal
lots" to the various county clerks,
The independent. [volume] (Lincoln, Neb.) 1902-1907, 1903-10-22

with the implied suggestion that these
clerks shall violate the election laws
Of Nebraska in preparing the official
ballots The Independent herewith re-
produces the top portion of one Of
these so-called sample ballots:
The independent. [volume] (Lincoln, Neb.) 1902-1907, 1903-10-22
spending the other fellows money.
STATE DEBT.

This statement includes state bonds
and general fund state warrants which
were outstanding interest-bearing OBJ
legations of the state:
The independent. [volume] (Lincoln, Neb.) 1902-1907, 1903-10-22

Thwart the Secretary
of States Attempt to
Rape the Ballot.
La Junta tribune., 1903-07-22
Sssshs SsessseiO~.

There have been no develop.
ments in the strike situation since
our last issue. although there are
all sorts Of rumors 10 the air. The
shop men are still out and only a
few employees are at work. Guards
have been placed around the shops
and no one 10 allowed to 60 near
them.
T. williams. Of Omaha, third
vice president Of the International
Association OF Machinists. was
here this week confessing with the
membess Of the local lodge. hut a.
vet no course Of sceiou has been
determined upon. Il wss report
ed yesterday that usiess the local
mea were taken back there would
be . gesesal strike ordered on the
Sssta Fe tomorrow. but we have
beee unable to learn whether the
sumos 10 authessic- The men are
vesy quiet aud have lissie to say.
The railroad o6cisls sse equally
retieeos. ssd is % al0osa iapossi-
ne . seesse ds6sise isfosnasios. ;.
Gessssl Mssages Msdge vss
issesvisvsd BY . seposses tos The
Topeka Cspissl Lass Saturday asA
gave ess tie felIowiaG:
n. U. Msdge. gesessl mssages
q de Seses Re. vAea asked lase
Saturday Il she eePleyes q L.
Jsssa hsd bees Ieeked ose, said:
me. L = has6ly . leeksue
Aosss - q she oes. iselsdssg
. ss0bes a beiIesnakess. ~.
ehieiseA CT sepaisess ed sshss|
Ie4sssss 9sis vssk sAis veek ssA|
~ eooSeey viu 80 allsU sAsDl
- sssuss - seess plseeA WHo|
Aese os6e - ssssseeoesss 10 fo|
the pasees q tie oes sd d -
La Junta tribune., 1903-07-22
A....... vysss. cs.s.

The case OF the City Of La Jun J..
e vs.. Charles S. Heath. charged
With seilssg assesian water without
4 license. is nov in the court Of
appeals. A wise reporter on the
Denver Republican. in noting the
filing Of the brief. makes . plain
statement Of facts regarding the
case. most OF which will be news
to our readers. 1t is As follows:
"Whether . municipality has
the right to compel its citizens 20
use water from the municipal ~
ter works and opay the customary
charges tot the same. Is the aues-
ton brought before the court Of
appeals BY the fling Of the brief
Of Charles S. Heath in the case Of
the City Of La Junsa vs. charl.s S.
Heath.
"Fsom the statement Of facts
filed il appears that because the
waters Of the Arkansas river are
strongly impregnated with miner
ais many OF the citizens refuse to
use the water. Several sunk ss-
eesion wells and sold the water to
their neighboss. wheseon the city
council passed an ordinance pro
h:bitins citizens from using water
from the wells unless they also
paid for city water IL also te.
quised the owner Of sn sstesian
we'll 10 secure = permit to sell wa
ter from the city council and to
pay license OF $50 = year II per-
mission was granted.
"A trial OF the case in the coun.
~ court resulted in the declaring
Of tina ordinance null and void, il
being declssged against the pub
lie good and the laws Of the state
to give the city council an arbitra.
~ power to grant or withhold .
permit. Tn. court OF appeals is
asked by the city Of La Junta to
pass upon the decision OF the low
es court"
La Junta tribune., 1903-07-22

intend doing anything Of that
kind. There is no great necessi.
ty for the La unta shops now
that we have the new shops IN
Topeka. The work formerly done
At La Junta will nov be brought
to Topeka with the exception Of
repairs that are Immediately nec-
essary to rolling stock. The work
which has been handled in the
back shop At La Junia will be
brought here"
"Whst was the content,on OF de-
mand Of the strikess1" wss asked.
"They made no demaod." said
Mr.. Nudge. "Their pay checks
did not arrive on the day they
were expected. and the uea just
walked out. OF course. the com
pany could not staod ios that. Il
is customary to deliver their
checks TO them on the 10Th Of
each month The checks were
delivered to the express Office
here on the issh. as usual. but
failed to reach their destination on
time. The master mechanic oi
the shops ssked the men fos .
conference with their grievance
committee, but this request IVES
ignored. The men will not be
taken back. We cannot have
strikes over such trivial mstsess.
and do not want such men working
for US. Some Of the. meu were led
isto the trouble by agitasors and
these may be given work again
sftes We have time to learn who
they are. but the leaders cannot
work Tor the company again"
Der Nordstern. [volume] (St. Cloud, Minn.) 1874-1931, 1903-10-15
Ded1.

vSein G6ab f9eint fi9 ia f9redlia
erfGltet gu haben2"-m@ 9 Der @ermffe!
8ergdnsene Wode bat er ii4, uls Die
Mabam' in Die Slide fam, cine babe
Stunbe lang perfteden miihen, uno ala
i9 i'm nu4ber porfu4te, ba mar er
irrthimli4er Wetie in ben Gisi4rant
aerathen!"
Der Nordstern. [volume] (St. Cloud, Minn.) 1874-1931, 1903-10-15
Sin nrr

.9l6er, 2iebfte, Su barfft Did ni9t
n1ebr 10 uufresen. tpeil Sein Mann
burdsebrannt ift!~-r44 tpeibt Su,
fiebe 5reunbtn, bic sertnsite aleinigs
teit brinst mid slei9 gang ausei1>
,nberi"
Der Nordstern. [volume] (St. Cloud, Minn.) 1874-1931, 1903-10-15
Ttsgtds Die Sors, Die Ihr inner GskauftH a
::s:ia G1XMlZM
Gun, rinfndr.

Profeffpr: r8us pirben Sie
thun, fpeun sic, uie i'm porliegenoen
SaGe, ben 3uitanb bes 9utienten perz
f9ltmmert id6en9~-& q n b | b a t
G9neD: r4eb, du9 ben &opf i4Itz
telu, 5err profefor!"
Der Nordstern. [volume] (St. Cloud, Minn.) 1874-1931, 1903-10-15
Durd1Cdfuut

6 t: r@ebe bier ri4t au nabe, lie
bes ainb, Der 4nftri4 f4etnt mod
feu4t gu isin!"-S lie: rMber, Dir
thur, bas fast Du nun f9on betm
britten -sSutpelierlaben!"
Der Nordstern. [volume] (St. Cloud, Minn.) 1874-1931, 1903-10-15
5alnd1t Der Grrunhnbfit.

G6ef: .@ie tonnten sic nur bic
56retbmafdine bonn Slid t~perfen9'
g dreiber: rgntf4ulbtgen
sic, es sef9ab in Der 3eritreutheit;
t9 mol1te tie ndmlia btnter's DIR
ffedenI"
Der Nordstern. [volume] (St. Cloud, Minn.) 1874-1931, 1903-10-15
Gin Sd1mrrrnnthrr.

rWdrum lansen sic nidt gu, JrGus
lem aucp2-rS@ babe mid unf bic
3unge gebthen.-rOa fann S9nen
nun fretli9 ni4ts anberes mebr
fnmeden!"
Der Nordstern. [volume] (St. Cloud, Minn.) 1874-1931, 1903-10-15
GefdhrItd1e merhuuu.

CUTE 5reunbin: u9at Su
audi f4on etnen 9etratbsantrag Be,
tommen9"-9 rete: Limb Of; ib
babe fdon bier 9erren bic 9anb OBJ
gef9lagen."
Der Nordstern. [volume] (St. Cloud, Minn.) 1874-1931, 1903-10-15
Afud1elei.
Wus

CMus elmer Notwithstanding
49,. eridien Dor mir Mdr Seibel6uz
Der, f6niglidem Notdr IN 9urgeltpete
tinsen, 6err Urban SrDhli4, 8eiBer
Der Wein> unb 8iertpirtbf4aft mSur
guten Quele" babier. Oerfelbe tt
mir Nptar n 9 betannt t,
tpesbalb mir befen Same, Stanb uni
@o6nort BON ben mir perfDnlid
betannte 9erren: gDlefftn
8ierbeilis, 3irdenbiener bahier, UNI
Sptnan Nii6tern, Mineralpah erhGnbs
Ter babier, beftGtigt purbe. -.
Der Nordstern. [volume] (St. Cloud, Minn.) 1874-1931, 1903-10-15
Dertuuldfte RnIlett.

Grau: r8arl, morsen tpirb's Elm
Sabr, baB Su mid gum Mltur sefibrt
baft."-W unn:r Sd, unb ban1 1dff
Du bic Sibrung iibernommen."
Der Nordstern. [volume] (St. Cloud, Minn.) 1874-1931, 1903-10-15
6umoristischc
QutaltamrrHiI.

Der 2Ope pflest als befonberes
Grtennunss5eideu cine Wiite UNI fit
Al bdben."
Der Nordstern. [volume] (St. Cloud, Minn.) 1874-1931, 1903-10-15

AndI Elm Rrd1enkiinfIrr.
rGeaner aablen! 9abe b0dfte Gile-
reife Inn 2 l1br 40 ab!"-uSappbl,
bitte!-1.5O unb 2.4O ma9t 8 Mars
9OIbitteI"
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1903-01-10
AN IMPORTANT ARREST
ALLEGED MEMBER OF ABINGDON
BANK RoBBER GANG CAPTURED.
Posing as Wealthy Stookman from
Texas--Was Taken by Surprise and
Made Nc Res stance.

Quincy, ILL.,, January .. After stopping,
since last saturday, at Que Of the leading
hotels, posing as wealthy stockmau, and
lavishy spending money, w. Lane, alias
Dr. Butler, alleged member Of the Abing-
dou bank robbcr gang, was captured at 1
o'clock this morning IN an ailnisht rcstau-
rant At the time OF his arrest Lunc was
giving an aftcrthealcr lunch ~ small
party with whom he had become acquaiut-
ed through some OF the well known people
Of the city, all believing him to be riot,
Texan. The man excited the suspicion of
Officer Lcahy while tclephonins the West.
crn Union reply TO Il telegram sent 10
Chicago, and which concerned shipment
made by Lane of 5000 Leaby searched
the rogue's gallery after his suspicious
were aroused and found Lanes picture aud
"a lengthy record. Detectives aud Officers
were at once detailed to 30 In search of
the suspect He was found attending the
play "irdcy, tue butJW,' with a party
at tour ana was Kept unHer close watcn uu-
IN the arrest WIS made at tine restaurant.
six REVIEWERS nCld by as mdny men wCrc
thrust into mis- face, aud tue diners wer"
uverW helmeu with CONSERVATION Lime was
uuarmCd. 4 revolver, exactly like the ono
carried 10y the other men ia The Abingdon
luair alrpHuy under arrest, was tuuuu in
his yHlisc AT the fremont hotel
Lane wilt Doe taken 10 Gaiesburg for pre-
limiHry trial TINS evening,
Luuc admits being ut GIlrshurg with Ed
die quinn ana EuNvnrd raymond on the
Monday before the robbery. ON Tuesday
morning they disappeared from 'ialcsDurs
ana th0t mght tlle trnccvilc bank wLS
robbed Next day the men appeared at
Galcsburg and were seen tpgcucr " Cdncs-
day night, VI is believed they were an tn
io6 ana that MI were arrested hero. fl is
.I.fI 10 an a
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1903-01-10
GOVERNMENT FORCES VICTORIOUS.

Reoccupy Tuck cas- After an Hours
Fighting with RevoIutionists.
Caracas. january . The port Of rucacas
was rcoccupied yesterday Ivy forces Of the
Venezuelan government after a fight with
revouuonists Of one hours duration. tn.
cacas, which Is about forty miles north
vcst OF Puerto CnbclIo. has been occupied
for the last four months by the revolu-
tiHnists. 1t has lately been the point where
much Of the goods and ammunition Snug
gIed over from the island OF Curacao have
been landed.
Tho revolutionary force under General
Ramos which was defeated last SUNDAY
near Guatire. has dispersed. The march
Of the rebels upon Caracas via Guatlre hat
been checked
The revolutionlsts succeeded IN holding
the English railroad running from Tucacai
for FIVE hours. At the end of that time ths
government forces occupied the line
The government is pursuing the rebels.
Another engagement has taken place nca,
Coro ana resulted In the routing az the en-
envy. octavio Marques and $50 men wers
taken prisoners by the government soldiers.
who also secured a quantity Of rebel ammu.
milton
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1903-01-10

PRIVATE PENSION BILL SCANDAL.
Mr.. Russell Took 1t as the Subject for His Maiden
Speech Congressman.
Especial 70 The postD

o. Russell
vast Of
bills
also
he
o
Afforded cited the fact that
las whch
bills
the
AND THE
PENSIONS
Russell o the private pension
bills session this
aud that the maintaining S4o525 lie commended that the
melcd
allow the buricncd with @ Of bills which could
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1903-01-10
ElRE pEPARTMENT sTRLKE.

Fremen Demanded immediate Action on
Grievance and When Refused Struck.
Tampa, Fla, January 0.-Tumpa's entire
fire department Is ON q strike and the ciy
is without IRE protection tonight Tho ire
men organized union recently, Tne chief
discharged three men TUESDAY and the
union made demand on the council that
the men be reinstated. AT council meet
ing tonight the matter was referred TO the
fire commission for Investigation. The fire
men demanded immediate action, and when
this was refused all the men were ordered
out and abandoned the stations. The po-
llcemcn now are placed in charged of sta
lions until other arrangements can be made,
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1903-01-10
WILL JON N BLOCKADE.
France Loses Patience Because of Vene-
zuela's Failure to Make Payments.

france Loses Patience Because of Vene-
zuela's Failure to Make Payments.
New York, January o France probably
will Join the European powers IN the
blockade Of the Venezuelan coast. says the
Worlds Port Of Spain correspondent for
the reason that Venezuela has failed to
make the first payment Of 100000 due on
the French claim on December u.
Venezuela also owes the French Cable
company $4,000 and the company refuses
10 extend credit TO tie government.
President Castro Is deeply incersed. HIS
attempts 10 borrow money frpm the Bank
vi Venczucla have failed. Inc goNernnenL
already owes TINT institution S2Eg,oW.
President CustrU's next step VIII be 10
force loan from tie merchants.
The better element IN Venezuela Is urg-
hg him TO give up his Office His resigna-
ton has been publicly demanded tu a
speech delivered Ia tho plaza II IS impossi-
bic Tor him 10 hold power beyond Febru-
ary
capital In expectation OF attack.
The foreign bankers are waiting for a
change In the government before negotlat-
Ing any loan.
General Matos, leader OF the revolution,
in q public letter, guarantees satisfactory
settlement with the allies within twenty
four hours after he Is inaugnrated prcsi-
dent of Venezuela.
He asserts TINT Castro delays the set
Element in the hope of uniting the people.
There IL hunger now ana there VIII be
starvation later Seven hundred idlers ar
In Guayra have goln TO join the revolution
lists The situation Is deplorablc.
President Castro conceals and the censor
stops all unfavorable news.
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1903-01-10
Two PASSENGER TRAINS COLLIDE.
Several of the Crew Injured and Missing
as a Result.

indianapolis Ind, january 1.-Two pas
sengcr trains ON the st. Louis division OF
the Big -Four colllded last night four miles
west OF Moro. H. and ono mile east of
Bcthalto. they met head ON Botn en-
gnes are lying on their sides. one man is
missing aud one man Is known to be badly
hurt. The trains We're the second section
Of 40. II which left here late yesterday
morning on a 1875 schedule, going west
and 80. 36, castbouud. which was due here
at go this morning. TON Corrigan, a
mail clerk, was injured internally. En-
glnccr Hendricks Of the westbound train
jumped and sustained injuries which may
prove fatal
Engineer King Of No. SC, living at Mat
tooD, H.. is reported badly hurt. The Ere
man on No. II IS missing. None Of the pas
sengers has been reported injured. rne
crew of No. II report here that the engine
is overturned and all ears wrecked except
one The mail and baggage cars are badly
broken up. The engine of No 30 Is also
overturned and the ears wrecked. but tAe
crew OF that train has not reported.
Later reports are expected he.e every
minute. II was said AT the Big Four offices
here that the crew of No II overlooked
No 50 and tnis caused the accident.
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1903-01-10
Whlskies Advance IN Pnee.

Louisville, January 9.-The Herald tomor.
row will say: All WHISTLES OF the crops Of
1899, 1900, 1901 and 1902 were advanced
"a cents a gallon yesterday by the local
distlllerS. Whistles OF the 1899 crop. which
have been ON the market for six months
without bidder for them. were snapped up
In lots OF i've and nfty barrels. The pas
sage OF the outage bin Is largely responsible
for the activity Of the market,
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1903-01-10
Answer Reoeived At Berlin.

Berlin. January 9.-presldent castro's &C.
ccptancc Of the arbitration conditions Of tho
allied powers was received today At the for
cign office here, whore i IS regarded as
being long step toeard settlement OF
the questions in dispute The foreign Of
ice hopes that most Of the points will bs
arranged amlcahly at the preliminary dis
cusson at Washington before reaching The
Hague arbitration court.
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1903-01-10
OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES

complimentary things that have been said
about him alnl that he was deeply touched
thereby 40 Tunes during the course oi
hs r,mnrks he found II almost impossible
co. proceed so strong was bis emotion
The appointment OF Mr. Henry TO sue
coed Colonel Lauhum on the judiciary CON
mltcc docs not come as surprise, but
ho s not hclUC congratulated any the less
warmly on that account When be first
cam" "a congress he opplicd for mn assign
mout ON lhut tommlttcc aud the fact that
he has finally been appointed speaks well
for his persistence nnd for the esteem
iu which he Is hold hy the speaker H.
WAS unanimously Endorsed by the members
OF the Texas delegation
Colonel lunhum VIII probably icavc
Washington for Texas within the next two
or liroc days lr is regarded MS decidedly
10 his credit Nat hN worried here un 20 tho
last moment consistent with Ills prcpara.
lions for the Inauguration.
RAIL INDoRSES CooPEiuS BII.Ls
Chaiymnn Burton OF the rlYcrstmu har
bors commisec todny fccciyca a tci&grant
from Representative Ball. IN which the
latter gave his Endorsement to representa-
tive Cocpei's bin relating 10 the Improve
mcnt of the mouths OF The Sabine aud
Neches rivers 'rbc committee will, there
fore take ny the bnl ON Monday next In
this connection il nav hc stated that The
Impression which seems To prevail az Beau-
mont To tine effect thai the delay iu tho
htiA tI Us tNt i'NNtl or n report ny AulbNNt
Adams, IN charge OF riyer, nud hurbors in,-
pruvpJucnts Va that district. is entirely err
roncous AS has already been explained iH
these dispatches, the delay has been caused
directly by the refusal ot the Port Arthur
Canal company 70 consent Ia the govern
ment connecting With It's cann
COLLECTION OF CUSTOMS IN TEXAS.
A statement sent 10 congress today hy
the secretary OF the treasury shows that
I a..t ~ -.
pended In the collection OF customs at
Texas ports This is wholly IN salaries and
Is diylded as fuiuys:
Brownsville, twenty-siy employees, S3lll.
Corpus Christi, twenty-five employees, Sl,'
5SJ.
III paso. thlrty-seven employees, S49,JoS.
Eagle Pass, thirty three employees, Si2,3Sl.
Galveston, thlrty-nlne employees, Sis,sol
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1903-01-10
AcnrRn on A Bill.

Washington january 9.--As result OF
extended consideration Of various pending
antitrust bills. the subcommittee OF the
bouse judiciary committee. OF which Rep
rescntatiye Iittleheid Is chairman, has prac-
ideally agreed on an antitrust bill. II has
moi vet been adopted formally. but II is
said to meet the approval Of all members OF
The subcommittee. II win be laid before
tbe mn committee tomorrow, when It Is
~ nected its features win be made public.
n f. understood that u provides for pub
iicity. not through new commission 10 ne
meTce commission. II Is further understood
that tho bill covers the administration =
suggestions for ANTITRUST legislation.
dar which were drawn hy the attorney gen
oral. win 20 TO the judiciary subcommittee
under the general rule adopted al the ime
the subcommittee WAS created
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1903-01-10
n euavra Marlne No..

La Guayra. January o The former veue-
zuelan gunboat Restaurader. which now
,,a,,,. /, tbo d,rcction ~ prerto c,ahalio
The British cruiser Ariadine and the
British torpedo boat destroyer Rocket ar
rived here this afternoon
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1903-01-10
nutoh Marshin y cnracoa.

The Hague, JanuafY Slew 81 tha
events IN venezuela iht DutcA aAses noi
land has been ordered % nlaain "a Neat
Indian waters and the batteslnp DE- kag
ter is proceeding to Curacao.
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1903-01-10
General superintendent RESIGNS.

Denver Colo, January o -Charles Dyer
today resigned as general superintendent OF
the Colorado Southern rnad II Is reported
The office will bc abolished.
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1903-01-10
Anotb.t Earthouake Shock,

Ashtabsd. Russia Turkestan, January a.
There was another violent earthquake q
Andiinn,on "Wednesday, hut II did not result
10 any further icEa Of LIE