Evening capital. (Annapolis, Md.) 1884-1910, 1903-07-21

entertained. and he mingled among tn
best people IN England and took clos
observations upon the country. TIL
species Of intercourse no doubt broad
ened his mind and made him see tina
the modern world could not be reduce,
to the haggard outlines OF Italy.
From London he went To France an,
paid visit TO Louis Philippe, who was
dangerously near his fall.
When he got to Rome Pope Gregory
was dying.
Pecci was well acquainted with Car
dinal Feratti, who soon became Plus
IN, and that pope made him archbish.
op OF Perugia at the age of thirty-six.
Nearly az the same time the new pope
granted a general amnesty for political
offenses and was for time regarded
as a man of liberal intentions.
1t was fortunate for Archbishop Pee
ci that he could retire 10 a distance
from Rome in the mountains toward
Tuscany and exercise his prerogatives
without becoming involved In the ris-
ing political passions at the Eternal
City. where very soon MazzinL Carl
baldi and others revolutionized Rome
and formed a triumvirRte Of dictators
and had to stand siege by the French.
at the close of which the pope was 40
heartily frightened that he revoked his
liberal dispositions.
Retired to a city OF about 10000 peo-
pie, the archbishop of Perugia, as has
been said, lived there thirty-two years.
or down to the year 1873 He was a
universal reader. and among the wise
saints in the Catholic age he chose St
Charles Borromeo as a man TO initiate,
the giver of his riches TO aims and edu-
cation He thereupon gave hts mind to
the study of education In Perugfa.
He made up his mind In the first
place 10 educate his clergy thoroughly
and TO sec that their habits were indus
trfous and pure. Next he set upon the
education of the upper classes. many OF
whom were contemptibly flliter9te.
Finally he came down 30 the children.
At one time the Evolutionary ele-
ments in Perugta arose, and conflict
took place between them and the papal
troops. who were Of all pations. Swiss.
German, Irish. and even American, and
the populace was worsted
The archbishop surrounded himself
with friends Of like tastes with his own,
favorable 30 education and sincerely de
sirous of seeing morals made voluntary.
He had been received In the city, when
he returned there the second time, with
a magnificent demonstration. AS the
ruler, both ecclesiastic and civil, he In
habtted the palace upon the public
square, which had on one side Of II the
city han and on the other the cathedral.
In 1864 he was made a cardinal, and
this entitled him TO take part In the Sc
lection OF future popes.
Giancing back for moment at these
dates, we will see that the pope was
born In the year after Gladstone, that
he became a full priest near the close
Of General Jackson's administration
and that he became archbishop Of Pc
rugia at the time of our Mexican war.
His habits did not differ at any time.
He was remarkably laborious. OF
spare frame, with a high. capacious
forehead. large mouth. full. long
and expressive nose and an expression
Of thorough refinement, purity and
acuteness.
Being a nobleman Of the best class Of
Italian descent and Of a nation imme-
MORALLY ardent for knowledge and low
ing the arts. he was also destitute of
sourness and had convictions without
being opinionated.
None could impeach his private life.
He was ever accessible TO bis priests
and TO those people who required him
as a spiritual friend. bat he also had
high spirit and when browbeaten dis
closed something like a military power
within, and he could use indignant
words. He was too worldly wise TO be
cheated, too discreet to commit himself
in either word or deed except as his
Judgment and conscience were touched.
and after the Italians In 1860 overran
his state they found that he was DIFF
hcult man TO handle in that he kept on
the side Of intelligent public opinion.
In short, he was pope In spirit, rep
resenting the antiquity and authority
Of the church long before It was proba-
bic that he would fill the pontifcai
chair. He rose to this distinction at
last by having deserved It
Though II is probable that he was
not unmindful of the honor and infiu-
ence OF that great office, be knew too
well that to reach II In this dangerous
age he must deserve 1t by a combina-
don of character, of courage and Of
wisdom.
In 1866 the French troops were with
drawn from Rome, and the pope was
left 70 such an army as be could him
self create The Italians. however, six
years previously had overrun Sicily
and Naples. annexed Tuscany and 9th
er states, and finally Venice. and were
determined to occupy the papal states.
At this time Cardinal Pecci addressed
the priests In words which should be
common to all churches, saying:
'sThe moral conduct Of the priests is
the mirror into which the people look
to find a model for their own demean-
or. Every shadow, every stain, is re
marked by the vulgar eye, and the
mere shadow is enough to make the
people lose their esteem Of priestly
worth. 1t is impossible that a priest
who lays himself open to such re-
r,v,.a rFaau or ctrcrfqsora WIN has the