Arizona republican., 1903-07-05
FORGOTTEN GENIUSES.

Mention the telephone. and instant ! ly the names of Bell and Edison come before the minds eye. Speak Of wire less telegraphy, and one immediately thinks of Marconi. The name of santos Dumont is as closely connected with the flying machine as that of Robert Steph enson with the locomotive. Yet there are dozens of things. big and little, which are a part of our daily life, of the origin of which we never think; or, if we do, we fail to connect them with :he names of their inventors-men as worthy of praise as any of the worlds heqefactors.
 When our grandmothers were young, pin money was a necessity, not figure of speech. Pins were sold at four d penny. It is to the forgotten Samuel Slocum, an EngIshman, that we owe the cheap pins of today. In 1850 the idea came to him that pins, which were then made by winding a fine wire on the he ad and fastening it to the post of the pin, might be made at a single operation. But, strive as he would, he could not perfect the idea. At last he shut himself up in a room in his house in the Isle of Wright and remained there eight days, seeing no one and having his meals passed in to him. At the end of that time he had every de- tail perfectly worked out, and in 1881 the manufacture of the modern pin commenced.
 A few years ago, comparatively speaking, every one laboriously laced his boots from the lowest hole to the top. There was none of that lightning crossing of the faces into the neat lit- tie hooks with which the modern lace boot is provided. The inventor of the boot hook, H. A. Ship, who was born in London more than seventy years ago. is at present ending his days in an almshouse. He sold his patent out right for the sum of f50, and the pur- chasers are said to have made f250, 900 out of the idea.
 It is less than a century ago that al- most all the worlds cooking was done over the open fire. Joints were roast ed on a spit. Bread was baked in a brick oven, tediously heated with wood. For buildings and cakes the portable Dutch oven was the only contrivance known. In great houses elaborately built-up ranges of brick, with iron tops, were just beginning to be used. The small compact range or cooking stove seen today in every kitchen was un- known. There is probably not one per son in ten thousand who could say, if asked, who invented the cooking range. His name was Josiah Reed, and he died only four or five years ago at the age of ninety-two. His great invention, which revolutionized domestic life, brought him neither fame nor fortune.
 Thomas Fitzpatrick died about a year ago. He worked a reform in modern &I,1 ,,, ventions of the past half century. He was the builder of the first modern flats. It was about thirty-fve years ago that the idea came to Fitzpatrick. who was builder by trade, of erecting an edifice. each separate floor of which should constitute separate dwelling. The idea caught on at once. and now there are large areas in most great modern cities where fifty to seventy five per cent of the inhabitants are flat dwellers.
 Englishmen who are town dwellers ride in trans every day, and if asked. what is the origin of the word they usually attribute it to Benjamin Out ram, the Derbyshire man, who first in- vented the flange for keeping the wheel on the rail. This is quite a mistaken idea Tram" is the old Swedish word for wooden sledge. and the world owes the successful modern tram almost en- tirely to John Warren, a Manchester man.
 Before his time George Francis Train, had laid tram lines in London. But these were built with high rails like those used on railways, and constituted such desperate danger to traffic that the vestries had them. all torn up. MT. Warren devised the flush-rail system. built the first tram to run upon 1t with his own hands. and within fourteen months from the time he commenced operations had 900 pople at work mak- ing the trans, and another 1.5O0 run ming them, and looking after his horses. of which he owned 4,0O0. He hade a