The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1903-08-30
THE SUN. SUNDAY. AUGUST 80. 1908.

| the Austrian Government to accept the plan
| of an improved submarine, Bauer went to
| London, where vessel was built nominally
after his plars. As n matter OF fact. modi-
fications by Lord Pamerston, Pausmore
and Scott -Russel were introduced, and the
result was disastrous, for at one OF the
trials the boat sank and drowned a largel
number Of people. After an ineffectua
attempt to persuade the American Govern
ment to adopt his invention Bauer, as a
last resource, went to Russia. His boat,
named ale Diable Marin" was built at the
I.eucntemferg Works, st. Petersburg, in
Nav, 1855, and was accepted by the Russian
Admiralty in November Of that year. In
Nav, 1855, this submarine started on its
trials at Kronstadt.
Before noting the outcome of the expert
ments we should state that Bauer's vessel
had length of 50 feet, a beam OF IL feet
inches. and n depth of II feet. 1t resembled
a dolphin in outward shape. The frame
work of the hull was of iron and was credited
with the power Of resisting l5O-foot column
of water Propulsion was obtained by
means of propeller in the stern. The
motive power consisted of four wheels 1,
worked on the system of the treadmill.
The least satisfactory detail in the invention
was the lack of efficient propulsive engines
Stability and submersion were obtained by
four cylinders, into which water was forced
by pumps. Large tubes over 80 feet long
and pierced with little holes were placed
along the top of the boat; from these fell
continual rain, which, to a large extent
., nir ba Araf
serious trial of "Le Dable Marin" began,
its inventor, having reduced the flotability
TO practically NIL let litres of water into
the smallest Of the four cylinders, where
upon the vessel slowly sank from sight.
After this first immersion, Bauer elected
double the quantity OF water that he had
allowed to come in, whereupon the vessel
rushed to the surface. During the next few
days, having overcome the nervousness OF
his crew, Bauer went through an exhaustive
series of experiments, turning, diving, rising,
speeding ahead and astern, all OF which
evolutions were carried out satisfactorily.
At the cremation of Alexander H., on Sept.
g. 1855, Bauer remained submerged for
four hours with a band Of four musicians,
who, when the first gun of the imperial
salute was fired, played the Russian i'm
peral hymn. No Tower than 1874 expert
ments in submarine navigation were made
by Bauer in Russia. On the last occasion
he had the i'll luck to lose his vessel by
allowing it to go too near the bottom, the
result being that the propeller was caught
i'll mass of seaweed and could not be
freed. He managed, indeed, to rehoat
the vessel, after four weeks work, but it
was again lost off Ochda, and there it re-
mains to this day. In 1858 Bauer left
Russia. Having reached the end of his
resources, he was obliged to abandon his
experiments and thenCeforth sank out
Of mems minds. Our author holds that
his splendid energy and dogged determine
ton should never be overlooked in the
history OF the evolution of the submarine
boat. He unquestionably pushed forward
tie science Of submarine navigation many
steps and proved ConClusively that to live
under water in comfort was not impossible.
We pass over the experiments made
in submarine navigation between 1858 and
the American civil war The North, with
all its enormous resources. did not possess
a single torpedo or submarine boat. Our
author expresses the opinion that if the
fleet blockadng Charleston had included
twenty such vessels, they would have
broken down opposing obstacles with
speed and the way to the city would have
been thrown open. The Confederates, on
tbair MARI annrecisted the use that might
bo r,oda NJ submarine and tornado yessels
On Fol- II tsot the Housatonic q fine
ne,v,v built shin Of the Union navy an
,r,,rnd ar tbe berbor or Charleston was
,Iastr,,,od ,ndor tho following circum-
.,,,o,.. About , o,,,r,or baFora q o'cIocl.
i, Tho o,-,,ir,, tb, ,e;o.r If tho watch
,Io,,ri,J , sr.,,icio,,s ,t,inct maxim, for tho
i,i, Tic ,I,iac, r.,,wl,led a nat miami,
,,n,.;,c An tho ,otar In two minutes
F.o,, ,to TINA ,,hor II u.,s first s;gbted
!, h,d raacbad rho chin. side The sub-
marin" "of'' W "H'h lhe haih' DaNiu
,',n - ,h, u, oI,,, ,,nox
,';,,. ~ a., ,,,,"n,';,,, uLo, w., oo,,,
'''' I:,. u..:.
, L,-,. i.
=. ~ ,,..'o a,,'.. ~. ,,a ',n.
~, ''''i ~ ',,,.,., .',, -
~ ''''P -" Pc
Wv ,,o" ."', Nv. Nv, I" O''Ni
"''' Wv .,. .I ,,
y, ll' u.,.n., s'
= Wv 49,, NV"
"'''' '''''' ",'' w.
sun , r'"', ,,,.i, ,'' ""''
az ..,,r .i , - .''o ,'o : :. "