davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The ranch. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1902-1914, 1903-07-15
SYSTEMS OF FARM MANAGEMENT
IN THE UNITED STATES.
Nv w T SpIJJMAN


AgrostologiSt, Bureau of Plant Industry, L.
S. Dept. of Agriculture.
The most successful system OF farm
ing is that which gives the largest
profit leaves the soil in condition to
yield maximum crops, and brings to
the farmer and those dependent on
him the largest measure of happiness.
In conducting farm upon such sys-
TEN, the farmer must continually an
swer for himself the questions: what
crops shall | grow and what area or
each? What care shall | give these
crops and the soil upon which they
grow? What disposition shall be
made of the produce of the fields?
If the crops are to be sold, then when
and where? If they are to be fed,
then to what classes of stock and to
what number? What manures and
fertilizers shall be applied to the soil,
to what crops, in what season, in
what quantities? What provision shall
be made for the protection OF grow
ing crops from insect pests and fun
gous diseases, for storing crop prod
ucts, for the protection and care OF
live stock? When and where shall
live stock and their products be mar
keted? The repeated answering or
these and other similar questions con-
stitutes farm management-a business
in which is found the application OF
many sciences, but business so broad
and complex that it must rest mainly
on the accumulated experience of gen.
erations of those who have followed
The ranch. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1902-1914, 1903-07-15
THE ALLEGED HUMORlSTS.

When you are lonesome you realize
what poor company you are.-Life
German Instructor Ito usually late
student)-'I see you are early of late;
you used to be behind before, and now
YOU are first at last.'-Harvard Lam
poon
Such a Foolish Observation-Disclosures
Cat quick lunch stand)-"Do you want
to eat this sandwich here or take 1T
with your" Gentleman-"Both.'' -Har-
ward Lampoon.
His Needs Were Small.-Landlady-
What portion of the chicken would
you like, Mr.. Newcomer" Mr.. New
comer-"Oh, half of it will be ample,
thank you. "-Tit-Bits.
Mrs. Waggs-"I understand that
drinking is one of your husbands fail
ings." Mrs. Jaggs-"You have been
misinformed; it is his most pro-
nounced ess.'-Chicago Daily
News.
Consoation.-'Tm feeling very ill
again, doctor; do you think I'm going
to die?" My dear madam, compose
yourself; that is the last thing in the
world that is going to happen to you"
-Tit-Bits.
Teacher-"Johnnie this is the worst
composition in the class, and I'm 60
ing to write to your father and tell
him." Johnnie-"DOn't keer il We do;
he wrote it fer me."-Detroit Free
Press.
Mrs. Grady-"Mrs. Dolan loikes her
second husband bether than her first"
Mrs. Dooley-"An' phwy?" Mrs.
Grady" Shure, he's in Jail so much
she has nearly all she earns fer her.
silf."-Judge.
Rupert say, papa, Ethel is so
tired, and she would SO like to have
a ride; couldn't you turn me into a
little donkey?" Papa-"What do you
mean Rupert? You're talking dread
full nonsense" Rupert-"Why, papa,
I've heard uncle say you're always
making a great ass of yourself, so
YOU might this time just make little
donkey of me!"-Punch.
The ranch. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1902-1914, 1903-07-15

dissemination of the knowledge we
have. and that the investigator is free
to take up those fundamental problems
which deal with general principles,
such as the principles of nutrition, the
principles of breeding, etc. Elsewhere
the one great problem is the stocking
of the soil with humus. The expert
menter can aid the farmer in choos-
ing the proper crops for this purpose.
Again, the problem is to find a crop
adapted to peculiar soil or climatic
conditions, and so on But when these
problems have been solved in the lab
oratory or in experiment plats, there
remains the problem of readJustlng
the system of farming. Heretofore
the farmer has been left to himself in
this matter, and frequently he has
been slow to avail himself of the re-
suits of investigation because the prob
lem has been too large for him. For
instance, the cotton growers OF the
South have long recognized the neces-
sity of introducing leguminOus crops
into their rotations to secure much
needed humus. But these crops can
only be utilized as feed for stock. This
means that the farmer must learn the
characteristics of the various breeds
| of stock and how to care for live
stock, all of which is new to him. He
must have pastures, and he is not Ia
miliar with the grasses and the man
agement of pasture lands. Again, much
of the land is leased in small lots to
negro tenants who are familiar with
| the cultivation of no other crop than
cotton, or perhaps corn. 1t is there
fore necessary, in order to secure the
benefits from humus-prOducing crops,
| to revOlutiOnize the system OF farming
and to change wholly the relation that
has heretofore existed between land
lord and tenant.
When crops adapted to the climate
and soil and capable of building up the
soil have been found, shall the farmer
be left to reauJust his system to fit
them, or shall an effort be made to
help him in this readjustment? To
give this help the experimenter must
first make himself familiar with the
peculiaIities of the soil and it's man.
agement, climate, market conditions,
character of available labor, social con-
ditions, the character of the available
live stock and the conditions which
must determine it's management-all
factors that govern present practice
and which must govern the new sys-
tenn. 1t is easily seen that the adop-
ton in practice of the results of in
vestigation may be much larger
problem than the investigation itself.
These broader problems cannot be
taken into the laboratory; neither can
they be solved by plat experiments,
The ranch. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1902-1914, 1903-07-15

SOCldl anu JhdI SlOoI OhiS
ma, the SOIL have all been determin-
ing factors in the development of the
systems of farming that have been
gradually evolved in the various Sec
tions of the country. These systems
for the most part have been worked
have always followed lines of least
resistance. This or that crop or sys-
tenn of cropping has become estab-
lished because it furnished the great
est immediate returns, and has re-
manned even when it become unprofit-
able because of the natural conserva-
tism of the farmer. Frequently a
system established by one generation
has been bequeathed to the next, to
it's financial undoing. One of the prin-
cipal reasons for this state of affairs
lies in the fact that the American
farmer has until recently been draw
ing on soil resources accumulated by
natural processes through long ages;
ne has not been compelled by force of
circumstances to learn how to con-
serve the fertility of the soil. Land
has been so plentiful and so cheap
that when one field was exhausted he
simply transferred his operations to
another. No cause for alarm was felt
so long as uncle Sam was rich
enough to give us all farm" on tho
fertile prairieS of the unbOunded West.
But conditions have changed. Most of
the farm lands of the West have been
occupied, and the new generation
finds itself under the necessity of earn
ing a livelihood on the lands of it's
fOrefatherS. In all the older sections
of the Eastern and Southern States
the problem of restoring the soil to
it's original fertility is pressing one.
Had the farmer been left to his own
resources in working out this problem,
agriculture would undoubtedly by this
time have been in a deplorable condi
ton. AS it is, much land has been
abandoned, and the profits of agricul-
ture are very small in some regions
where farming was formerly highly
profitable.
Work of the Investigator for the
Farmer.
Fortunately the development of the
agricultural press, the farmers insti-
tute, the experiment stations, the
schools of agriculture, and the Depart
ment of Agriculture during the past
quarter of a century have contributed
to the general dissemination of agri-
cultural knowledge These agencies
have probably averted period of ag-
ricultural depression such as afflicted
England during the period which gave
rise to the corn laws" Heretofore
the aid which the farmer has received
from agricultural investigators has
been mainly in the line of laboratory
studies of chemical, physical, and
physiological problems. In this way
much has been learned concerning the
principles involved in the production
of crops, the conservation of soil fer
tility, and the feeding of animals. The
farmer has been left largely to him
self in changing his plans to fit the
suggestions offered him. Too often
he has been compelled to change the
suggestions to fit his plans. Too lit
tie attention has been paid to the sub
| Of 70
The ranch. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1902-1914, 1903-07-15

though these means will aid in their
solution. They do not always lend
themselves to laboratory methods, but
require rather the methods of the stat
istician.
Benefits of a Study of Farm Condi-
tions and Farm Methods.
Here and there in all parts OF the
country farmers can be found who are
highly successful. True, their success
is generally due to unusual eXecu-
tive ability but this is simply say
ing that they have answered the ques-
lions propounded in the above defini-
ton of farm management and an
swered them correctly for their condi-
tions There is no more fruitful field
of study than the methods and results
of these men. 1t will usually be found
that they can give satisfactory reasons
for the system of farming they follow
and the methods they employ. Com
parison of their methods with those
of other successful farmers will often
give the clew to principles that under
lie successful practice. There is no
question that farmers everywhere
would benefit by knowledge of the
methods pursued by the most success
full of their fellows. Few can Ne orig
inators; the majority must be imitat-
ors; hence the value of the sugges-
lions gained by a knowledge of what
others have done and are doing. The
agricultural papers have realized the
Importance of this. Some agricultu-
raj writer's have undertaken to study
farm conditions and farm methods
over large areas of country, with great
benefit to their readers, particularly
where these writer's have had sufficient
training and knowledge to make their
deductions reliable. This study should
be taken up more seriously. 1t should
include a study of methods pursued
on all classes of farms, both success
full and unsuccessful, and should eX-
tend over the whole country. With
the knowledge thus gained one should
be in position to recognize the lead
ing problems that confront farmers in
all sections, to know what changes IN
farm practice are needful, and to I'M
derstand how these changes may best
be accomplished. With these ideas in
mind, the writer during the summer
of 1902 visited several widely sepa-
rated agricultural sections for the pur-
pose of studying the methods of farm
management in vogue in those Sec
tons. In the present paper the meth
DDS on only few of these farms can
be given, and in order to present
cal recommendations only actual prac-
tees CD these individual farms will
be described.
Continued on Page Tenn
The ranch. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1902-1914, 1903-07-15

though these means will aid in their
solution. They do not always lend
themselves to laboratory methods, but
require rather the methods of the stat
istician.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1903-09-04
MINERS SHOW DISSATISFACTION.
District Presidents Will Try to Have the
strike Commission Meet Again.

PoTTsvlLLE. Pa, Sept. 3.-Despite the
declaration Of Judge Gray. District Presi-
dents Fahv, Nichols and Dettrey OF the
coal miners said tonight, after the session
Of the mine Cancellation board, that they
have positive ASS urance, on the authority
OF Carroll Wright that the Coal Strike
Commission is not dead and can be recon-
vened at any time. The mine representa-
tives are preparing 10 push President Fahy's
resolution that "A Joint sessi IN Of the com
mission and the arbitration board be held
The board after being in session to-day.
decided 10 hold the next meeting in Pbia-
delph.a for three-days session, begin
ming Oh Sept 49, and passed resolutions
requesting one Of the circuit Judges OF
the Third judicial district = he United
States To appoint al umpire 20 decide upon
any question on which the board may fail
Ia agree at that time
crlsb Wa reached to-day by the board
Shea the two most important question,
Affecting the anthracite miners we're
brought up They related TO the short
saturday and the net and gross payment
VI wages
Grieyances were considered from the
Fast Ridge Lyle, Oakhill and William Penn
60 llieTs Complaints were received from
timber cutters and the contract leaders. no
drhnlt. acl ion being taken as Ia them
President Fahy submitted re.oIutlous
prov ijiLg for a Saturday Of seven hours
aud Twelve minutes without reohIctI "A
iu wages and prDyso for Payment T. ran
time over this Shorl day, and providing tOr
lh increase ~ 10 per cent on the ear and
yard for contract employees The b ard ia
'ieadoo,sd' on thes" problems Which will
be referred Ia the umpire
POTTsyiIIr, Pa Spt 3 Tho ooucIlin-
tiou board M ~ ~" ONO Of Sun, I'm
taud.n, IlIrh'r - the Philadclphia and
10 ading q 8l ard Iron Company al sbo,u
II U'riDrk tNlf Nor"IrR 'GgrJl u HH.llt.
~" umpire sGE not pr"Hul nj VI" in', tiIp
THE 6ft, moon II was HuIOuuord tLtt
nr Wrighi's communications "a thr hoaId
srr' rO' bs wac NJ Drrt supp's' 4 ~ cl.iurz
nu matters r'i'rt'd 80 him huf o, Nv Ia
lure- concerning ih'U
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1903-09-04
DIED.

CHAVE Suddenly, at Linwood. l. T. Sept
Ella Clist ChAye. wife Of Thomas c thsve.
Funeral services At her late residence Sun1sg
sept. o. Al O'Clock p, NJ. and at 81 Psl.'
NJ Y Church 81 $50 O'Clock Relatives All
friends invited 10 attend
DRAYTON Suddenly, At Lake Placid = y,
on Sept. D. 1905 John Batter Drayton ~ Plata
held, N j.
Notice Ct funeral hereafter.
GARDNER On Thursday. Sept 3 1905 A. slar'1
Springs. n. Y, John H. Gardner ~ a. o.
year
JENNINGS. AZ Southport Conn sept bar"
Jennlnss aged IS years
Funeral tom his late TrsidsDcs Southport. ~
Monday sept 7, at?3j p
LEONARD Al AlDIgusraue Now ArI'.o, .'
Aug 81 1903 Henry Hone Leonard '.'H'
soD Of Joseph c, aud the iato Hanna. i.1
ward Leonard, III the 10Th year " b!s aye
hcGEARy Al Jersey cry Sabine l.. n ~
Thomas j ArGeaY
FunsIAl services ~ 81 Jossphs Cturrt 10 %
win ay saturday, sept o. a. 10
NICHOLSON ON Thursday sept 1898 "H|a"
NicOlsOn.
Funeral services satu1iAy evening A. ' 20
a. hts lAiS Teslicncc sgI D.hAb az lf."'|
Igirrme.t private
HYLANCE A. Ontron raU ta'.
Isios sept rru v 90. Nt ~ 80
n RylaBce ~ u ot PslDam .
Funeral and lH,rnIrnt a. Nin. o. t'Hn.
Afrvsl ~ - o',io.sI lsa't.. ram
DAP yp
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1903-09-04
BELLEVUE DOCTOR SUSPENDED.
Dispute With the Superintendent Leaves .
Ward short OF Physicians.

DR.. William 3. Jones, the house physician
In charge of the fourth medical division at
Bellevue Hospital. was suspended last night
by Supt Mabon. The men had disa gree
ment over the placing of DR., Jones's assist
ant, Dr. Richard Coleman, who had been
taken i'll with typhoid fever in a ward used
ordinarily for women.
The hospital has many cases of typhoid
fever, at present, in the various wards,
There were almost q score Of cases in DR..
Joness division. DR.. Coleman has been
looking after most Of them. and he was him.
self attacked by the disease few days ago.
The other doctors say that his affection is
due to overwork. which weakened his con-
stitution, and therefore his powers of re-
sistance TO disease
When the young physician became i'll
and showed symptoms of the fever, Dr.
Jones decided that 1t would be better to
put him " quiet part Of the hospital than
in one Of the wards already crowded and
the patient was placed in one Of the rooms
OF the Townsend cottage, which was do
1ated FOR the use of women. This ward
as a southern exposure and il one OF the
best ventilated in the hospital.
Supt Mabon was not consulted in the
matter and when he learned last night
that DR.. Coleman had been put in that ward
he sent Tor DR., Jones ana demanded al
explanation. After some words Or, Jones
was suspended,
Some Of the doctors carried the news
to DR.. Coleman, who thereupon refus ed
to remain in the hospital. All the other
doctors tried to persuade him not to leave,
but he was firm in his decision to 60 el.e-
where An ambulance took DR.. Coleman
to the Pet Graduate Hcspitsl
The fourth medical division ia one of the
largest in the hospital, and ii is cured for
by house physician and four Al sstaLts
With the Hires OF DR. Coleman and the
suspension Of DR.. Jones, the 200 patients
we're left with but two doctors to look
after them. as another of the a. sistsnts -,
Dr. Pyle, Is on his vacation.
As a result Supt Mabon had to call in
Dr. +. C. Nammack. one Of the visiting
physicians. DIR. Nanmaok had charge OF
the ward last night. 1t is likely that other
members Of the visiting staff will take turns
doing DR.. Joness work temporarily
Supt Mabon announced that he would
make charge Of insubordination against
DR.. Jones. The matter will he laid before
the Board Of Medical Examiners, who will
pass upon the case DR.. Jones had six
months more to serve before his term az
an inferno would have ended.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1903-09-04
WEILBRENNER IN AN ASYLUM.
Presidents Midnight yiGiter 10 Insane
-t.arger Guard Asked For,

MINEoLA, l.. l., Sept. a-Henry We'll
brenner, who was arrested on Tuesday
night at Sycamore Hill while seeking an
interview with President Roosevelt. and
who had loaded revolver. passed last
night in cell in the Nassau cqsnty jail,
having been brought here yestsItlay after
noon from Oyster Bay by Deputy Sheriff
McQuade. Weilbrenner was examined
Yesterday afternoon by Drs. Irving F.
barnes, George A. Stuart and James Hall
who pronounced him insane. and on their
decision Justice Franklin OF Oyster Bay
committed him to the county jail here.
At 1870 clock this morning Weilbrenner
was brought before County Judge Rea-
bury and formally committed to the State
Asylum at Kings Park. The proceedings
before Judge Seabury we're very brief.
The Court asked Weilbrenner on what
charge he had been arrested and he re-
piled that he did not know. The Judge
then made out tho commitment papers,
and Weilbrenner was taken to the Kings
Park Asylum this afternoon.
OYSTER BAv. \. Y, Sept. 9.-A request
has been sent to Secret Service head
quarters, in Washin Ct on. to have the force
here enlightened by at least three or four
men. The request was made by the men
in charge OF the Secret Service squad here.
ManN kilograms were received at the
Executive Office to-day from friends OF the
President inquiring whether Mr.. Roosevelt
had really been in imminent danger OF being
shot, as the exaggerated and sensation al
stories which some papers published OF
the incident made it appear. The state
rnent was made at the Executive office
tonight that the President had not been In
imminent danger and that he was not at all
disturbed by the affair The crazy man
did lot point the revolver al Mr.. Roosevelt
1t fell out OF his pocket when he vas dragged
from his carriage.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1903-09-04
ODELL on LABOR CONFLICTS.
He Says That Violence Should Necessary,
he Met With Force.

JoHNsTowN, n. Y, Sept. 3.-Gov. Odell
delivered an address to-day at the Fult on
county fair, in which he said:
In these days. when ia the conflict of trade
conditions arise which cause disturbances
among these interests, too often our laws
and their administration are assai!ed In
such events order and its restora ton are the
first objects Of those who are. charged with
the administration OF our affairs The out
breaks therefore. which. at times occur in
eessry. be met with force and lessons taught
which cannot be misunderstood. know
that this may come as a harsh CONCLUSION 70
the loyalty Of the great majority Of our
people that We may feel assured that it's
utterance is in line with the best sentiment
OF our citizens.
1t ia the right Of every man to sell his labor
and his products in the best market The
development OF our modern busi ness methods
has led to vast comblna,i ions OF both capital
Of the laws, the state recognizes them as
legitimate. 1t does not, however, regard
with unconcern such. discrimination ms may
interfere with the rights OF individuals or
OF the state
I pom our citizen soldiery we must depend
for protection against breaches OF the peace
cope with. and therefore any action which
may tend to discorlrag &c enlistment by either
an employer or fellow laborer is distinct
crime against the State, and is so treated
under our laws Such action il nearly trea-
sonable. and those who are responsible for
it show an ignorance Of our statutes If they
hone to retard the administration OF Justice,
because the same men may be commanded
to act in the suppression Of disorder by those
who are charged with the enforcement and
administration OF our laws.
/ am n believer in labor unions, and 80
long III their functions are exercised alonR
lawful lines the right Of the individual work
man to pool his labor with that OF his fellow
man ia und sputed, Actions. however, that
are out Of harmony with our republican In
stitutions should be prevented as much AZ
actions which may Cypress labor and deprive
ii of its rights and enjoyments.
The fact that the Governor made no ref
erence to the barge canal scheme was u
disappointment to many of the farmers
Of Fulton and Hamilton counties and
caused comment. When the Governor
entered the fair grounds he was preceded
by Diet ao hment of Company G., National
Guard. The Governor was accompanied
by Senator Bracket of Saratoga. Con.
gresham Sherman OF Utica and Congress
man Littauer. This evening Congressman
Litsuer gave n dinner al the Kingsborough
to the Governor and his party. Jacob
Smell the leader Of the Mont gomery count v
Republicans was not included.