davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-03-28
HIS STYLE OF ADVERTISING
Tho Unexpected Development of OvIo
Chapman When Business ,...
Got Dull. =
New York Sun.

New 4OTk Suu b !.
The professional writer OF advertise
|ments, - remarked a man in the advertis-
ing business, knows more about his
trade than any one else does. But occa
sionally some rank outsider, from whom
it Is least to be expected, comes out with
a stray idea that Is worthy of attention.
II remember the case of an old man
named Ovid Chapman, who kept the gen
eral store in q sleepy little Massachusetts
village. He was not an educated man, but
he was clever, as Is proved by the fact
that he could read his own handwriting
One day he wandered into the office of
the village weekly and asked to see the
business manager. .T
Hey, your he said by way Of greet
ing to that worthy. I want two inches Of
space for two months. Things has been
droppin' off consid rable in my line lately
an I'm goin' to try advertiser for a
SPELL
"'Ahem! coughed the business man
ager, now just what is your line of bust
ness, Mr.-er-Chapman2' % -
-"Wal,I jest keep hardware, candy,
shoes, toothbrushes baccy, shirts, and all
sech things But you needn't bother
about that; I've got my ad all writ up,
and he took from his pocket a: slip Of pa
per upon which was scrawled the fol-
lowing: = - = Il p. 20. 4. "a
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-03-28
REAL ESTATE TRANSFERS,

REAL ESTATE TRANSFERS. , j.
Charles p Pfremer and wife to Alexander P.
Hill and wife; lots and &, McCall's subdiv-
ison, 81 800.
Julius L. Hohler and wife to Oscar F.. Goerne;
part of lots IL and Is. block Z, Subdivision Of
Lots In Ferrants First addition. 81 600. -. j.
John W. Swart and wife to John NJ. Finnberg
lot IL, block 80, Murphy's addition 5000. :
John Swanson and wife to Ernest o. Getchell
81 215. -. - = y
Willard R. Cray and wife to Ida T.. Engquist;
lot 4, block II, Penniman's addition $3,205
Charles Anderson and wife to Ole Edberg;
lot I block 4, Wyoming Park addition, $500. :
John G.. Schober ct al. TO Ferdinand Deisting;
southeast one quarter of section 4, township 11S,
| range %. $3.50. : - 80 -:
|: George w: Mitchell to Fred E. Church; part
Of lot 8. block 223, Hoag & Bells addition, $685.
| 600. = -.,.. :*,..1@ :, :,
| Henrietta M. Ame]ung to G. j. Axsen; lot 4,
| block "A, Highland Park addition, $500. -,
Daniel lyman to Theophie Vandelac,; in sec.
ton II, township 12O, range %, 81, 2OO.'
B F. Aldrich and wife to. John W. Swart;
lot r. block; 80, Murphy's addition, $780,:
| Frank Schaal ct al. to William Schaal; in sec
| ton "a, township 119, range 81. 81, O5O.=E.a.
Lena Schaal to William Schaal; in section "A
| township 119, range p, $3.50. go
Agatha L. Gersdorf to Hedwig L.. Rinske = lot
| 5, block 8. Orth & Hechtman's addition, $475. I
Edward A. Flowerday and wife to Lewis r
Paulson;. part of lots and 2, block 81 Wilson'S
| rearrangement, 81 100. - '..5- T.. T." - =
| lot 6. block 2, Highland Park addition. $780, -
| William L. Wolford and wife to Martin e
| Laying; lot II, block So, Bakers Fourth add
/ tion 1926. ~rs \. ~ '5 -..~., ., -
Two minor deeds g. 800 =
! Total, nineteen deeds $50, 222.. u, I'D. -.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-03-28
Doing a Good Work

Minneapolis is the home Of a accompany
means in their homes than any other in
stallment company known. The United
States Installmeht Realty company. was
organized one year ago and has had a
most wonderful growth. Many families
have been made happy by purchasing
homes through this com pany. The pay
ments are small and much easier to pay
than rent. This company has become one
of the prominent and substantial bust
ness institutions Of Minneapolis. and
among its stockholders may be found some
of our most successful business men. The
officers and managers Of this great COM
pany are men Of good standing and of
good business ability. Bonded in the 5F'fdel-
ity Guarantee company of New York.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-03-28
AMENITIES OF EARLIER COLE.

Cane had just been apprehended for the murder
az Abel. 81
into % argument oYsr golf, and I raped him
go with my putter."
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-03-28

be- THE LIGHT THAT FAILED
Brooklyn Life.
Mrs. A.-When / was engaged to my
husband he was the very light of my ex-
istence. 3 Z, : . r.; s. ..
Miss D.--And now ~. - t.l'- y
Mrs. A.-The light goes out every night.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-03-28
NOTICE

1oc POUND FOR PURE LARD; ROLL BUTTER,
-1Sc and zoe: full cream cheese, Ice. The
Minnesota Dairy, 8 It'll st S. as...
SHIP YOUR VEAL, MUTTON LAMBS, PoUL-
try, etc, to George Besser, 81 and 81 Central
Market Minneapolis. Write for instructions
on how to dress and ship. Also market quota
lions furnished - r. yrs.i. 9 :
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-03-28

"'Yas,' he said, coming to the door, with
a satisfied chuckle. I believe in advertis-
in. But it's like baked beans; it's got to
be we'll done to be any good -
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-03-28
. MINES AND MINING E

-. - MI1N Ed0| 11NU@ UX1N1N0 = y.
~~S~~~1>~SSS~N~>4 >|~~~~0~o~~~~~~~~~
2,600 SHARES RED BOY EXTENSION GOLD
Mining Co: stock; mine in eastern Oregon:
- money. Address 1857, journal. 81 !: 80, II
DIvIDEND.PAYING MINING sToCKs.@ GEO.
+; Girling & Co, Temple Court Tel, Main 1858.
171Ac SHARE FOR STAR PETROLEUM OIL
stock of Beaumont. Texas. Send for our
Gernahia Life company building ST. Paul,
Mimi. - y; sS$ia,ss$sl - $5.:5 -
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-03-28

Some days later, when passing his
store, was surprised to see this placard
hanging above the boots and shoes in his
window: .~" ~" = -. = = . y.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-03-28
LADIES, TAILORING
MACHINERY AND ENGINES


IRON WORKING AND WOOD WORKING MA
chinery: largest stock in the northwest. North
ern Machinery Co., PIT Sd st S, Minneapolis.
HOSTING AND OTHER ENGINES, MACHIN.
cry, betting. boilers, pumps, heaters, radi-
ators, pipe, fittings, and hose. The Gil
more Rollins Co., Minneapolis.
FOR SALE. ~. -,
GASOLINE LAUNCHES, strong and speedy:
fine models; $235 and up; Crescent, three
bladed reversible bronze propellers.
x DULUTH GAS ENGINE WORKS, Duluth,
MINI. So. ~. go -, ~. . -. ., go.
SECONDHAND ENGINES, BOILERS, IRON
and wood working machinery, radiators, rails,
beams, vaults, doors, etc. Harris Machinery
Co, Minneapolis, MINI.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-03-28
RUBBER TIRES

SOLID RUBBER CARRIAGE TIRES, 81 UP;
bicycle tires, $1.75 to So; automobile: suIky
and pneumatic tearrip ge.sttres at lowest price.
Both 'phones,y 1888. j., N. Johnson Co, Ga
NfcOllet ay.s5#s:a3jsi e 54-sss2Fl
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-03-28
RELIGIOUS LITERATURE

LIBERAL RELIGIOUS LITERATURE SENT
r. free. Address M. T.. Partridge. st. Anthony
Park. secretary of +. O. NJ Unitarian church
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-03-28
Wants, II, Is, 10, 20.
CLAIRVOYANTS

PROF. @. CARLSON,
The great magnetic healer; will move from 2e
7th st to 7O5 Cd st NE, Minneapolis, the 25th
Of March. and will not receive callers before
the LIST OF April.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-03-28
MUSICAL.
PATENT ATTORNEYS.

>~~~S~~c~~~~-~~~>
WILLIAMSON & MERCHANT, Patent Lawyers
p and solicitors: main office. 929-935 Guaranty
!: building. Minneapolis. Mimi. Branch office,
81 McGfll building, Washington, D. c. Il
PATENTs-PRoTECT YOUR IDEAS: NO Al.
lowance no. fee. Consultation free.l Est. 1854.
Milo B. Stevens. s. Co., S61 14th st,Washington
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-03-28
STOVE REPAIRS RE 3 Z

~>~~~~~~N~~~CN~cY~|
REPAIRS TOR ALE STOVES. S. GRE At IVES
|: tern Stove Repair Co., 3I2 HennepiG az. d.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-03-28
LADIES' FASHIONS

IMPORTED MODELS AND PATTERNS, SKIRTS
sleeves, waists, jackets, shortwaists ETC.; only
authorized agency in the northwest for I'M
ported paper patterns. S. T. Taylor system
OF dresscutting taught, Petty, 260 Syndicate
+ Arcade. 'E" ~
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-03-28
The Guaranty Doctors

HOURS-Daily 8 a. m. to s Pm
Sunday mornings, to 1 p. m. y
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-03-28
I :; =. ,. ~ - Z
TAILORING.

~~~~>-c~~ror>S~o ~~~S~S~>Ne~oS~o-O
MODERN CLOTHES AT MODERATE PRICES
Hinshaw Merchant aiior 627 Boston block.
LATEST STYLES IN SPRING AND SUMMER
suitings. .TnrnQuist the Tailor. GIG 1se av' s.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-03-28
DETECTIVE AGENCIES

McNULTY DETECTIVE AGENCY-PROMPT
service; best city references; most reliable op-
orators; business confidential; price reasonable.
30 Kasota block. N. w., 279o-J1.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-03-28
DREsSMAKING

EVENING, STREET AND FANCY TAILOR
made gowns; special attention to out-of-town
orders Smith & Clark, 80 10th ct s.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-03-28

PuEs-DR. II. WAITE, rs YEARS. SPECIAL.
list, cures every case. Write for pamphlet;
mailed free. 1919 Hawthorn az. Minneapolis.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-03-28
MEDICAL

LAD1ES-USE OUR HARMLESS REMEDY FOR
delayed or suppressed menstruation. It can
not fail Trial free Paris Chemical Co.,
Milwaukee. Wis. " -. -'E'
The Montgomery advertiser., 1903-01-01
A LION IN THE PATH
AMERICA STANDS IN WAY OF
 EUROPEAN GREED.
Unitd States Averse to Forcing China Into Bankruptcy, While Other Nations Want All They
 Can Get.

Pekin, Dec. 31.-The ministers here of the foreign powers have telegraphed their governments the refusal of China to pay the international indemnity in gold notes and have discussed the matter among themselves It is proposed to inform the Chinese Government that failure to fulfill the obligations provided in the pro tocol will entail grave consequences.
 The policy of the United States pre- sents an obstacle in the way of delivering joint note to China on the matter, and the present difiiculty is generally attrib- uted to the encouragement given the Chinese by the American government s endorsement of their arguments. The Chinese are content to await develop ments. believing that the powers will find it so difficult to agree on a course of action that the present deadlock will be prolonged indefinitely.
 The monument to Baron won Ketteler, the German Minister who was killed in Pekin shortly after the outbreak of the Boxer troubles will be dedicated January 18th.
 The foreign ofice today admitted that there was some truth in the reports of warlike preparations on the part of Tung Flu Slang, although 1t characterizes the stories of his movements as exag- gerated. The foreign office says the vice. roys of the northern provinces have suf- ficient troops to subdue him. This lat ter statement. however. Is disbelieved. It is expected that the government troops will join Tung Flu Slang in the event of his undertaking a rebellion. Popular sympathy is with Tung Flu Slang who was exiled and degraded for obeying the orders of his superiors and attacking the foreign legations here.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1903-01-01
SUE FOR A MILLION
MEN ALLEGE THEY WERE USED
 AS STRIKE BREAKERS"
Declare They Were Kidnapped by Emissaries of the Erie and the
 Pennsylvania Company ana
 Carried to Coal Rexton.

New York. Dec. M.-Suits have been brought by twenty-two residents of this city, whom claim that during the recent coal strike they were decoyed to the mines in Pennsylvania by agents of the Erie and of the Pennsylvania Companies.
 Damages for $50.0O0 each. amounting to f1. 100, ,e0o in all. are sued for, and the attorney for the plaintiffs consulted with an assistant district attorney today about bringing the matter to the grand jury.
 The plaintiffs claim that under pretense of doing work for the railroad and coal company, they were devoyed to Hoboken. where they were locked in a car and car raed against their will to the coal re- Rions in Pennsylvania and compelled to act as strike breakers" under threats of '.being turned over to the fury of the nlners."
 The men say they finally succeeded in making their way back to the city, but declare that on their way home they had narrow escapes from being mobbed
 An officer of the Erie said that no com plaint had been served on the company. He added that the company was without Information as to the action, that he was confident the compaIes had done noth- ing unlawful. and that he had no doubt the companies would be able to success fully defend any suits that might be brought against them.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1903-01-01
THE WASHINGTON VIEW.
Believed That China Cannot Pay All That Is Asked.

Believed That China Cannot Pay All
 That Is Asked.
 Washington, Dec. 31.-The State De- partment has been officially advised through its riscal agents in China that the second installment of the Chinese in- demnity fund which falls due tomorrow must be paid in silver, or rather on silver basis.
 This result has been anticipated and the department more than a month ago was advised unofficially of what would happen. The first installment of the indemnity, which was due July l. last, was likewise paid on a silver basis, the nations receiving the money reserving the right to reclaim the difference be- tween silver and gold basis. Therefore tomorrow the department will have plac- ed to its credit $496 O9s. for 1t has without hesitation decided to accept the payment on the bassis proposed.
 An immense extra charge would be i'm posed on China should she pay the in- demnities on a gold basis, for a Chinese tael, which was worth "A cents at the time of the agreement was signed, Is now worth only 61 cents. The impression prevails here among persons who have taken part in these settlements that the indemnities demanded by the powers are far beyond China's ability. She may for a year or two borrow enough money from various internal sources to pay the installments falling due every six months. but in a short time the powers will be compelled at the risk of losing every thing to come to a re-adjustment of the whole indebtedness. either by submitting the case to arbitration at The Hague. which China evidently desires. or by a mutual agreement between the creditor nations.
 Most of the first installment paid to the United States last July and amounting to nearly a half million dollars was in payment of missionary claims for dama- ges arising from the Boxer outbreak. The department adopted. the plan of pay ing out 25 per cent of each large claim. This absorbed nearly all of the first in stallment. By this method something like two years will be required for the settlement of the claims.
 It Is said at the State Department that probably never in the history of the heavy claims presented to the attention of settlement commission as these com Ing from missionaries as a result of the Boxer uprising. The commission has cut into these with ruthless hand. In one case a claim was submitted amounting to $250, 900 for mission property destroyed Reliable affidavits show that $100, 900 was a generous estimate flor the property. In
 individual cases, missionaries put in claims for jewelry and articles of luxury
 By a curious adjustment. the commis- sion. while allowing some of these claims with liberality, has placed very low valuation on human life. Assuming a murdered missionary of the age of 50 to be capable of ten more years work at the rate of $4OO per year. 1t would award an indemnity of about $.OOO to his or her heirs. The State Department. which is the reviewing authority in these cases. probably will raise the allowances. but 1t may still further cut down the claims for personal property losses.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1903-01-01

kinnon of Hartsville. South Carolina.
 The residence was decorated for the occasion with palms, evergreens and cut flowers and presented scene of rare beauty.
 The ceremony was pronounced by Rev J. c. Sturgeon, pastor of the Presby- terian Church of this city in a very solemn and impressive manner. The marriage was witnessed by the many relatives and friends of Miss Mcclure, who, extended to her their most hearty congratulations. notwithstanding they regret to lose her from our city and com munity.
 Among those who attended the we'd ding as guests were: Milton McKinnon of McKinnon, Ga, brother to the groom, Mrs. C. l. Carroll of Banks, Ala, Miss Ellie Ballard of Birmingham, Ala, and Miss Etta Mcclure of Mcclure. Ala Mrs. McKinnon is the daughter of the late Henry Mcclure and one of the most highly cultured and accomplished young ladies of this county, MT. McKinnon Is one of the most prominent business men of his section of the State, and a mem Der of several fraternal organizations of his city.
 The happy couple left one the early morning train for a ten days trip to Florida points after which they will go to thei= home at Hartsville, s. C..
The Montgomery advertiser., 1903-01-01
Y. M. c. A. Reception.

The members of the central branch of the Young Mems Christian Association will hold their annual election of directors tomorrow night after which a public re- ception will be given. we directors will be elected to serve for three years. Their names will be presented by the nominat- ing committee for ratification.
 Elaborate preparations have been made for the public reception which bids fair to be the most pleasant and successful ever given by the association. A large Reception Committee has been appointed and 1t will have the assistance of the La dies Auxiliary.
 The natatorium has been completed and will be opened for inspection tomorrow night. The heating apparatus was in- stalled today
The Montgomery advertiser., 1903-01-01
I,ockhart-Dinkle.

MT. Clifford Eugene Dinkle ana Mlss Helen Lockhart were married this alter noon at 2 o'clock at St. Pauls Episcopal Church. Rev. B. F. Matrau. rector or the church. performing the ceremony The church. which was tastefuily deco rated. was thronged with the friends or the bride
 The ushers were Messrs. Paul Stewart F. N. Scott, Herbert Kyser and Ed Gra- ham. The groomsmen were Messrs. Bowie Smith, Henry Jones, G. Pepper of Green vile, Tex, pr. Percy Reed of Birming- ham, Mr. J. P. Moody of Greenville' rex, was the Eroom's best man.
 Miss Octavia LeVert Nelson was the maid of honor to the bride whose other attendants were Misses Edith vaughan Grace Hunter, Permelia Jones, Kate Bethea of Faunsdale.
 Malcolm Lockhart and Miss Gala Barr Craig preceded the party.
 The bride is the charming daughter Of Dr. and Mrs. Robert Lockhart and has been one of the most popular young la dies of Selma society. MT. Dinkle is a popular travelling man of Greenville, Tex.
 MT. and Mrs Dinkle will be at home in Greenyille.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1903-01-01
REMARKABLE CURE OF GROUP
 A Little Bows Life Saved.

l have few words to say regarding Chamberlain's Cough Remedy. It saved my little boys life and I feel that l can. not praise 1t enough. bought bottle of 1t from A. D. Steere of Goodwin. s. D.
 and when I got home with 1t the poor baby could hardly breathe. l gave the medicine as directed every ten minutes until he threw up" and then thought sure he was going to choke to death. We had to pull the phlegm out of his mouth in great long strings. I am positive that If had not got that bottle of cough medicine. my boy would not be on earth today.-Joel Demont, Inwood, Iowa. Foi sale by all druggists. -adv.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1903-01-01
NOTICE.

The entire stock of merchandise, consisting of Dry Goods, Shoes, Hats, Hardware, Drugs and Groceries; also a lot of first-class farm Mules, Wag- ons, Flows, cts, of the Estate of K. L. Armistead at Pike Road, Ala, will be sold.
 Parties wishing to purchase any or al- of this property will kindly com municate with the undersigned or his agent, W. F. Showdown, at Pike Road, Ala. L. Steiner,
 As Trustee. All the above must be sold at once.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1903-01-01
GEORGE wAsH1NGroN's QUEUE.
It Hid Luxuriant Suit of Straight
 and Very Dark Hair.

The Father of his Country concealed a luxuriant suit of hair beneath his queue wig. Many TOW wish the old fashion were in vogue, to conceal thinned hair or badness. Yet no one need have thin hair nor be bald, if he cure the dandruff that causes both. Dandruf cannot be cured by securing the scalp, because it is il germ disease, and the germ has to be killed Newbro's Herpicide kills the dan- druff germ-no other hair preparati ton vii. Destroy the cause. you remove the effect There's no cure for dandruff but to kin the germ. Send 10 cents in stanps for sample. The He-picide Co. Dept
 K Detroit, Mich. Sold by E. c. Fow. Ter Druggist. thu.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1903-01-01
Low Rates West

On January 9th and 2Oth, the L. and N. II. K. will sell one-way Colonist tickets from Montgomery to all points in Texas, Oklahoma and Indian Territories, and to certain points in Arkansas, Louisiana and Missouri at greatly reduced rates
 For information pertaining to rates, routes and schedules. call on s. T. Sur att. Union Ticket Agent, or write or call on w. l.. Beasiey Passenger Agent. Union Station, Montgomery, Ala.
 ady-tf
The Montgomery advertiser., 1903-01-01
The New1 G Selma.
-ssr,lser .jurca u,

.--ssrtlsef Jurcad.
 Selma, Dec. si. ne Selma Library Association will at cnce appoint committee to canvass the city Tor subscriptions to fund for a public library. The letter recently re- eeiyed from Mir. Carnegie stating that ne was willing to donate a sum if the citizens of Selma would show active and material interest in the matter has given new impetus to the desire for a library and the matter will be taken up with re- newed vigor
 The committee has not been selected. Its members will be called upon to make thorough canvass of the city and it is thought no trouble will bc experienced in raising sufficient funds to show MT. Car negie that he would have the hearty CO., operation of the people of this city if he should desire to establish a public Ii. brary here.
 The interest in the proposed institution Is not confined to the members of the Library Association. but Is shared by practically all residents of Selma. It is believed that enough money will soon be raised to assure the foundation and main tenance of the library.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1903-01-01
All the above must be sold at
Simpson Succeeds Crow.

Florence. Dec. 3l.-(speciaD-Maj. R. E. Simpson yesterday received his appoint ment as Clerk of the Chancery Court of Lauderdale County from Chancellor w. H. Simpson. The 'ormer incumbent, E. c. Crow. having resigned to practice law in Birmingham. Major Simpson is a prominent young attorney of this place and Is well fitted to fill his new position. He is a prominent member of the State militia, being Major in the Srd Alabama Regiment N. G.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1903-01-01

wedding party were charmingly enter tained at q dining last evening given by MT. and Mrs. Watkins M. Vaughan.
 Capt. John w. Craig, U. S. A. left this afternoon for tho San Antonio army post after pleasant visit to his parents, Hon and Mrs. George H. Craig.
 Gary Hooper. after spending Christmas with lis parents. Mir. and Mrs. J. Foote Hooper, has resumed his studies at the Marion Military Institute.
 William F. Neil of the world at large is in the city on a visit to his relatives.
 Rev. s. P. Speigel. State evangelist of the Christian Church, Is in the city.
 W. W. Hudson of The Meridian Press was in Selma today.
 Hon. Henry Seymour of Demopolis spent today in Selma.
 Hon. A. M. Garber of Talladega is in the city.