davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1903-03-18
RECENT LEGAL OPINIONS.


Homestead xemption-Commitmen to
Asylum
One who, having wife and infant child,
and a house which he has occupied as
homestead induces a daughter, because OF
the infirmties of himself and wife and their
ina bility to provide for themselves. to move
into the house with them and TO assume
its expense and care Is still housekeeper
with a family so as to be entitled TO the
homestead exemption. His character as
homesteader, with the attendant rights Of
homestead exemption. is not lost by his
commitment to an insane asylum and the
death of his wife while he is there; III
Southwestern Rep. Ky. Judge O'Rear),
9i01
-Humors of the Law
Pipes. tobacco and cigars are not within
a statute which makes a wifes separate
estate liable for articles of comfort and
support of the family, nor are newspapers;
all of such articles being mere luxuries.
bradley VS.. Murray, Sc, Ala, Pol
False teeth furnished the wife are neceS-
saries for which the husband is liable if he
allows her to wear them. (Gilman VS.. An
drus, Is Vermont 24l.l
of Maryland as that of being a black Re
publican" baltimore VS.. State, 10 Nd,
1851
y-Breaking-What Constitutes
Under a statute in the State of Arkansas
a burglary is committed by either breaking
or entering the house of another with In
tent TO commit a felony. Held. that the
removing of two Stats on the outside or
a window, and also the putty and tacks
holding a pane of glass of window. but
leaving the pane in place, so that no open
ing was made into the house. did not con-
stitute so as to render the defendant liable
to a prosecution for burglary. ri South
western Rep. ARKANSAS, Judge Riddick)'
SAL
Use of Intoxicsnts by Jury
II intoxicating liquors be shown to have
been used by the jury impaneled in cap
ital case the presumption arises in FAVOR
of the convicted defendant that 1t resulted
injuriously to him, and the burden is upon
the State to show affirmatively to the en-
tire satisfaction of the court that their
use was to such limited and moderate ex-
tent as to completely and satisfactorily
negative any harm to the defendant from
its use by the jury or any member or II.
| [33 Southwestern Rep. Ella, Judge Taylor,
E2l
While the crew of a train which had
stopped at a regular meal station were
eating their dinner a passenger who had
remained in the car was assaulted by an
intruder and another passenger Held,
as the leaving of the train with no one in
| charge while the crew were taking their
meals was a reasonable regulation. and the
| assault one which could not have reason
| ably have been anticipated. III southwest
| ern Rep. (Texas, Judge GarretO, 1851
Settlement of Prosecution-Duress.-
Where a woman has sued out a warrant
against a man. charging him with being
| the father of her child. they may settle
| the case by his paying her money or CIV
ing his promissory note II such note De
moral and legal, to authorize a recovery
thereon. The mere fact that the note is
given while the putative father is under
| it void. [43 southwestern Rep. Ca. Judge
| SimmOns), All
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1903-03-18
Prisoners Fare Well.

1t is announced that the Louisville and
New Albany prisoners confined in the Ma
rion county Jail for contempt are well salts
fed with the treatment they are receiving
from Sheriff Metzger. Their room is be-
ing taken care of by Rufus Cantrell, who
waits on the table. Yesterday the at
torneys for Sachs and Watts filed notice
with the United States district attorney
that they would appear in the Supreme
Court, at Washington. on Friday OF this
week and ask that the prisoners be released
on bail while the Supreme Court Is consid-
ering their application for their release on
a writ of habeas corpus.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1903-03-18
IN FULL REGALIA.


Governor Durbin and staff. in full re-
gala. will probably attend the dedication
of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition at
st. Louis April 80 and May i and 2 The
Governors secretary is corresponding with
members of the stan concerning the pro-
posed trip and IL is believed that IL will
be made.
The Governor is besieeed with requests for
places on the exposition commission. Each
congressional district will have one men,
Der and there will be two members at large
upon the commission. The probabilities are
that the commission will be named before
the dedication ceremonies
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1903-03-18

The suit of Joseph Bernstein against the
Indianapolis street-railway Company for
5000 damages was begun before a jury in
Judge leathers's court yesterday. Bern
stein Is dealer in junk on South Meridian
street Last fall his store caught fire and
a line OF hose which was laid 10 IL over a
street-railway track was run over by a car
and the stream IL supplied cut off. Bern
stein seeks 10 hold the company liable for
this act. as 10 Is alleged the stream was the
first one 70 the flames and would have ex-
not been cut
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1903-03-18
PAINTERS HOLD OPEN MEETING


At the open meeting of the painters
union held last night in Morrison's Hall
several speakers were present to talk to the
union. which is increasing in membership
daily. Five new members were admitted
last night, and in order to preclude the pos
sibility of dissension' between the painters
and paperhangers a charter was issued TO
the latter trade for a local union. Forty
workrnen of the paperhangers' trade have
stated their intention to sign the roll of the
new paperhangers' union. National Presi-
dent Valhorn. of the painters union Ma
tional Secretary NJ. p Carrick, OF the paint
ers; E. p Barry and Ed Gould. of this city,
addressed the meeting. Harry Simons. stat
istician of the Central Labor Union and
spoke at some length in opening the meet
ing in discussing the outlook for the paint
ers' trade during the opening months Of
building work.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1903-03-18
IN THE LOCAL COURTS.
Christopher Doyle Sues for Alleged
Injurfes-Other Court Cases.

A suit was fled in the Superior Court
yesterday by Christopher Doyle. who was
injured In the collision between a West
washington-street car and c.. III. & d.
freight train March 2. which is intended to
determine the responsibility for this acct
dent. in which a dozen others were hurt.
Doyle's collar bone was fractured and he
received other injuries He alleges that
the conductor OF the street car carelessly
signaled the car TO move in front OF the
train. He also alleges that the train was
backing at a high rate OF speed. and be-
ing night time. had no lantern displayed
on the end car, which crashed into the
street car. Doyle wants $500 for his in
turies.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1903-03-18
New Military Company.

A meeting will be held in Carpenters Hall.
Delaware street and Virginia avenue. FRI
day night at which an attempt will be
made to organize a new military company
for Indianapolis. The new organization
has already chosen the name of the Indian
apolis Commercial Rifles, and elected as
officers Newton Hardin, captain: Fred H..
Lexow, first lieutenant, and Walter W.
Morgan, second lieutenant. Details of men,
bership and dues have not been arranged,
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1903-03-18
FIRE LOSS OF $1,000.
The Arabella c. PeelIe School Badly
Damaged by Fire.

The Arabella c. Peelle school of art Of the
Free kindergarten at 617 West Pearl street,
was badly damaged by fire yesterday morn
ing at o'clock. The building is a two
story frame structure The loss is esti-
mated at $1,000. The fire started from a
natural gas crate in the main schoolroom.
Before the fire was discovered IL had
burned out the lower part of the building.
A man living next door to the school was
awakened by the noise Of the flames, and
when he saw the fire he ran to the No. 6
engine house q block away and turned in
an alarm. Besides the building being dam
aged much of the school equipment was
destroyed. The school was patronized by
West End children.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1903-03-18

The right OF a city to issue vehicle IL
censes and collect fees therefor was again
upheld by the Supreme Court yesterday
The court refused to entoin the enforce
ment OF the Terre Haute vehicle license
ordinance as against carriages used for
health or pleasure. pending an appeal from
judgment holding the ordinance 10 be valid
The court gave no reason for holding the
vehicle license ordinance CONSTITUTIONAL A
ruling had been made on the same point in
an Indianapolis case several months before
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1903-03-18
SALES OF REAL ESTATE.
Twenty-Four Transfers Made Matter
of Record Yesterday.

instruments filed for record in the recorders
Office of Marion county. Indiana, for the twenty
four hours ending at p. m. March n. 1903:
STATE ate Bank ss Of Indi sy. 70 Anna c Mock
Richard DOWN ct al. to Charles NJ Coop
er, Lot 5. Nutting jr.'s. sub. A Z.
Mary j. shesrer. ct al to Charles N. '
Cooper Lot sos, f. T. Fietcher's "a
Edward h Eidridse ct ux. to Charles N.
fH0psr Let e, 8 Smiths sub. A. T. .am
Ella NJ fTink e, al. to Eli.abeth II. c. -~
kreber. Lots IS and S. Ruddeirs Glen
rss%s. go 5, faiaef to Samuel j. Wilson SO"
Square. bSu s na ada AZ oakess Wilton ,o
Samuel y J. Wilson Ct us to Thomas p.
ton.saaare sub. pasidson's sda.. "n LOO
vorb p Ssrs or , s, I1 70 Gssrs
Up is. pa'. :. ."e y sec .. sos
csrslis! 's.as s.smljns 70 william Butler Loo
Wsss e, P ;95 Land CO E Elmer
nsy :. al. Lot IL Goes sub. outiot
Robert ). Love to John r. Love. Lot ss.
q Indiana polls .,......:.... 10 100000
part Of Lot H. Browns sub. outlot iSs.
Alexander A Hamilton e; NIX to Guy b. '"
M MaTlt snOs St ADD css and wads
Louis z. r. Miller ct ux to Charles E.
=, v.,,.s = ,soooo
,i Lincoln paIS al: = : .seo.a :. 10000
Lot "a. 81 10. "a "a section 's Of Lino sohi
Robert K Spear to Grace Myers. lot ii.
Myerss sub. A. E. Fletchers 4th add ESQ
Sarah Smith ct al. to Della b. Stasts
part Of Lot .. Irvinston:. i.ocooo
Sheppard. Lot .. Berkeley add........... 400
Leon T. Leach ct al to David NJ Bye et
ux-, parts of Lots and 2. So :. city
or Indianapolis Observation-Disclosures. 6775O0
Armstrong Park Land Company 70 Fred
w. Brown. Lot 472 Armstrong Park
Jesse NJ Brayton et al. TO William A.
Lockwood ct al, Lot 10. 50 8, "a section
Of Martindaie's Lincoln Park add. 10000
Transfers. %: total consideration. .s1.o7sss
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1903-03-18
DIR. PEARSON. Practically Acquitted.

DR.. John s. Parsons was practically ac-
quilted of the charge OF murder IN police
court yesterday morning. Or. Parsons shot
and fatally wounded Alexander Downie
last summer. The doctor was tried on the
charge OF murder, but the grand jury
which took up the case did not indict him.
He has been out on bond ever since the
shooting occurred.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1903-03-18

The claim of Mary d. Brooks against the
estate of Helen j. Tate has been relied In
the Circuit Court. This claim was filed two
years ago for 5000, but was dismissed on
trial in Morgan county when the court was
about 10 instruct the jury for the defend
ant. The Old claim alleged an express con-
tract, while an implied contract only has
been proved. The new claim. which is for
services rendered from 1865 to 1855, alleges
both an implied and expressed contract.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1903-03-18
ELKS PROFIT HANDSOMELY.

Receipts Of the Two Minstrel Per-
fOrmances Aggregate $1,000.
The second performance of the Elks
Ministries was witnessed by crowd that
almost exhausted standing room. The per-
Torrance was improved over Monday
nights as the performers were past the
footlight scare. The receipts for the two
performances were about Sl,500. and the
lodge cleared a handsome sum. Next year
II Is probable more than a two nights
show will be given.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1903-03-18

The stomach Of Robert ]. Drake. who
was farmer living near Harveysburg Ind.
has been sent to DIR. j. ~. Hurry by the
coroner of Fountain county for analysis
Before his death Drake refused to eat for
two weeks and there was some suspicion
of foul play. DIR. Hurry will make a care
full analysis and send the result to the
coroner.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1903-03-18
Heirs Sue the City.

The heirs of Nicholas Jose have sued the
city to quiet their title to land plated for
street purposes in Jose's second Pleasant
Valley addition. They alleged it was
agreed TO have the property east of this
addition plated and a forty-foot street
opened, but this was not done nor did the
city ever accept the street opened in the
Jose plat.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1903-03-18
In the Probate Court.

The will of Albert Otto leaving all his
property to his wife, Bertha Otto. and
naming her as Administrative. was admit
ted to probate yesterday. The will of Anna
Jane Barnitt, bequeathing all her estate 10
her daughter, Catherine B. Johnson, was
also admitted f. NJ. White qualified as
administrator Of the estate of Enoch B.
Rurgett
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1903-03-18
Schultz pleads entity.

Frank Schultz. who stole large amounts
Of provisions from a grocery. pleaded
guilty to petit larceny in the Criminal Court
yesterday and was sentenced to four
months in the workhouse His wife, Katie
Schultz. who was indicted jointly with him.
was released on her own recognizance. 1t
is likely nothing further will be done with
her.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1903-03-18
A COUNTERFEIT DOLLAR.
Robert swannegen, Colored, IL Ac-
cused OF Passing Ii.

cused OF Passing Ii.
Robert Swannegen. a colored man. was
bound over to the federal grand jury by
Commissioner Moores yesterday. on the
charge or passing a counterfeit dollar.
The evidence developed that the money
changed hands while Swanegen was
drinking one night with some men and
women. Commissioner Moores was some
what surprised to learn that the accused
and his friends were drinking in Buckner S
saloon on Indiana avenue at 1880 o'clock in
the morning. The commissioner expressed
his surprise in open court and wanted to
know how ii was possible that these people
could be drinking in a saloon at 4:3o o'clock
in the morning when the saloons were
supposed to close at IL o'clock at night and
remain closed until 5 in the morning.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1903-03-18
Bertillon System Adopted.

Thomas Halls. secret-service agent at
this point. is to have the Bertillon system
of measurements attached to his Office. p
]. Ahern, member of the Secret-service De-
partment. is here TO give Mr.. Halls some
points along this line. His Office will be
equipped later.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1903-03-18
Transfer 1. Bankrupt.

petition in bankruptcy was filed yes
terday by William E. Bean. an Elwood
teamster. whose liabilities are s5s7O.16 and
assets $50. Charles L. Maurice. of Lo-
gansport. has filed a petition in bank
ruptcy, showing A,s4s.96 of liabilities and
so of assets
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1903-03-18

William Jackson. who broke into the home
OF Mrs. O'Boyle. on North Pennsylvania
street. and stole wraps. received a sentence
OF from two 10 fourteen years IN Judge
Affords court yesterday. Jackson cut the
telephone wires into the house 80 the police
could not be notified. but in his hurry TO
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1903-03-18


which
tn
memorial
Aorder
l. s. Ayres&
memorial fund The viii be turned over the
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1903-03-18

The Appellate Court yesterday affirmed
Judgment for $500 recovered by Jemima
Statesman. of Elkhart, against her father
in-law. Mrs. Statesman charged that SLAM
derous reports had been circulated by her
good name.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1903-03-18
Louis Kemper in City.

Louis Kemper. secretary of the national
organization of brewery workers is in the
city on personal business.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1903-03-18

Postmaster McGinnis has received a long,
delayed letter from the department at
Washington, stating that there are not suf-
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1903-03-18
Old Claim Relied.

escape forgot his shoes. They led to his
Identification and arrest
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1903-03-18

ficient grounds for the discharge of Albert
Leap, financial clerk at the local postoffice-
General McGipnis considers that the In
cident Is closed
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1903-03-18

but the membership will be restricted to
$50 men between eighteen and forty
years of age, who do not care TO be-
long to the National Guard. but wish to be
members of a military body organized and
ready for service should occasion demand it,.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1903-03-18

pany VS.. Emma B. Loughmiller. Floyd c.
c. Appellants petition 10 amend index.
etc Appellants petition for oral argument.
1871. Peyton f. Ballard VS.. Susan Alli-
son Campln. Henry G. c. APPELLANTS pc
tition TO transfer to Supreme Court.
4721. Chlorinda Curless VS.. the Diamond
Plate Glass Company. Howard c. c. APP
pellant's brief 90 and petition for oral ar
gument.
1854 Walter ]. Dixon ct al VS. William
III. Eckenberg. Howard G. G. Appellants
petition % TO transfer and exhibits 60 on
petition.
1921. William H. Maxwell VS.. Henry
Wright ct al. Steuben G. G. Appellant .
petition TO transfer and brief 90 on petit
ton.
4647. Clara wegerly VS.. Mary Evans.
Warren c. c. Appellee's brief 6)
1852. The Cleveland. Cincinnati. Chicago
& st. Louis Railway Company VS.. John w.
Bergschlicker. Henry c. G. Appellees pc
tition for additional time
45OS. Supreme Lodge K. of II. ct al. VS..
Joseph f. Jones ct al Knox G. G. APP
pellants' motion TO correct clerks certifi-
cate and notice for March 20. 1903.
New Suits
4759 George w. Poppy, administrator.
VS.. Amelia Walker ct al Noble G. c. Rec
ord. Assignment OF errors. IN term.
AGO. Fire Association of Philadelphia VS..
Daniel w. Yeagley. Miami c. c. Record.
Assignment of errors. In term. Bond.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1903-03-18

1924. Frank Bird Transfer Company ct
al. VS.. Mary A. Krug. Marion C.. e. Petit
ton for rehearing overruied.
1873. Union Central Life Insurance Com
Daily new dominion. [volume] (Morgantown, W. Va.) 1897-1906, 1903-05-28
Notice for bids on Paving.

Notice is hereby given that until
O'Clock on Monday June LIST 1908, tbs
undersigned Committee of the Common
Council of the city of Morgantown viii
receive bids on the grading, curbing anc
paving of Chestnut street from Peasants
to Foundry Streets, Walnut street from
the lower end of the present paving tC
Front street, and Bumbo Lane iron
High to Chestnut streets, and at the
option of Council, from Chestnut tt
Front Streets, in accordance with plans
and specifications on file in tue office o
the Recorder.
Bids on each section to be made sep
erately, and to provide for either stone
o. concrete curb.
The Committee reserves the right t.
reject any or all bids.
M. HAYEsl Committee
5-22.9t M. T. SIsLERi
Daily new dominion. [volume] (Morgantown, W. Va.) 1897-1906, 1903-05-28
ABOUT OUR FRIENDS.
Personal Mention OF Prominent People.
How they are and Where they are.

How they are and Where they are.
W. NJ Morgan has been in Wheel
i ing on business.
Captain c. G. Pierce OF kingwood
viii he visitor here May S0th.
MIR. and Mrs. K t. L. Alien have
gone to Buffalo for short visit
sir. and Mrs. W. II. Cooke have
gone to Pittshcig for short visit.
S. G. Stewart OF Arnettsville has
returned from visit to bis son at
Chicago.
Prof. T. C. Atkesou has been IN
Taylor county to conduct a farmers
Institute.
Mr.. and Mrs. George B. Geran
who have been in Uniontown have
returned home
Tom Pastorious will play with
Fairmont on Saturday at that place.
They meet Point Marion
EXCURSION rates for July 4th will
be for one fare for the round trip.
The tickets will be good for several
days.
Frank Mcintosh of Central City
is here to visit Gus Leistman of the
Avenue. He was formerly resident
OF MorgantOwn.
Charlie Mccoy, of townsville, was
in town yesterday. He was recently
married and received the congratula-
lions Of many oil his friends here.
Miss Mary Charnock, one of the
most popular teachers in the public
schools has gone to her home at
Wellsburg TO spend the summer.
James G. Hart and Harry Nc
Alpine of Brownsville are visiting
Frank Herd They will remain un-
til after May 30th.
Mrs. Christine Washington, of
Charles Town, Jefferson county, who
has been here tor several days visit
inc Mrs. George Rogers and Mrs.
st. George I. Brooke, left at noon
Yesterday for her home.
Miss Lura Thompson, state repre-
sentative of the Illinois Woman's
Foreign Missionary Society of the NJ.
p. church, who has been here for
week or more attending the meeting
of the Executive Board OF that body,
left for her home Wednesday.
G.. w. Bland of West Union is here
to spend the week on business. He is a
graduate of the law department class
of 1914. This is his first extended visit
since he graduated aud he sees a great
improvement 10 the town since he
arst came here.
key Umbel is knocked out by
sore face and cannot lead the Gniver-
sity band The latter had some
trouble in playing yesterday but they
managed to pound ont several selec-
tions including s'Dixieo while the ball
game was in progress. They want to
learn to play that tune and play it
oftener. 1t is the winner.
Daily new dominion. [volume] (Morgantown, W. Va.) 1897-1906, 1903-05-28
Weather and Crops.

MARION Hoult; Warm and dry
until the 22nd, when fine shower re-
vlved vegetation; wheat heading and
promising; oats looking fair; pastures
short; meadows light; potatoes back
ward: corn slow about coming up
w IL. Bunner.
MoNoNGALIA-Ar Wheat
heading and looking well; oats grass
and garden stuff growing rapidly;
there will be some apples, and a few
peaches. IS. G. Musgrave.
PRESTON Rockville: Corn all plant
ed: very little up yet; no rain for four
weeks; wheat turning yellow; pastures
short; meadows look as If they would
be light. II. Walls.
PRESTON Kingwood: Corn making
a good start; grass short; fruit will be
about one-fourth crop; potatoes look
promising; wheat looks we'll; oats very
promising. j. g. Brown.
Daily new dominion. [volume] (Morgantown, W. Va.) 1897-1906, 1903-05-28
Geo. c. Hayes & Co.
Leading jewelers..
r. A. HAYES. Optician
r. A. HAVE

JEWEL " WALLACE, Jailors, make
speciality of cleaning and pressing
clothes. Donlev Building, Peasants
street.
If you want cake made for any
occasion cali on Fred Erd 327 High
street. Best quality only kept
10 few days regular examinations
will be held at the University and the
boys are busy making monkey rolls.
MANY of the students who have be-
longed to the anvil chorus are now
working double time on the bellows.
The game of Wednesday changed their
occupation.
liz you go TO Werner, Fortnev Il
Cos you can buy Bates seersucker
ginghams for 10 e Sea Island per
Gale 10 g and 40 inch batiste in
fine sheer quality for Is e,Mennon' s
borated talcum powder Is e per
box and mary other articles under
value.
THE Stewart Plumbing Company
who recently opened an establishment
at the corner of Chestnut street and
Chancery Row are getting in line Of
chandeliers somewhat different from
any offered here in the past. They
are Manila copper finished and are re
garded as great improvements over thu
oxidized copper finish. Mr.. W. R. p
Stewart the manager is practical, ex
perienced man and has the most skill
ed workmen to be found. They hay
already number of contracts on hant
and intend to let the quality or thei
work show for itself. VI