Arizona republican., 1903-05-18
THE COLONIES
 OF THE WORLD In What Manner They Figure
 in Commerce
The Trade Amounts to Three Billions of Dollars Equally Divided Between Exports and Imports-Discussion of Their Commercial Relation to the Governing Countries.


 ernrnent of the colonies of the world are discussed in detail by a monograph just issued by the treasury bureau of statistics entitled Colonial Admins tration, 1SO0-19O0."
 It shows that the colonies, so-called, of the world, including in this term all territory not contiguous to the country by whose government it is controlled, occupy two-fifths of the land surface of the globe and contain one-third or the worlds population, or about 5OO.- 100000 people. Of this colonial popula- tion of 500,000,OO only three small groups numbering less than 15.O00 900 population, or 3 per cent of the whole, are composed in any considerable de- gree of tile people of the governing country or their descendants. The principal colonies composed of people from the governing country or their de- scendants are the English colonies of British North America, Australasia anG South Africa. The remaining 4S5, ,OOO 900 people. governed by countries not con- tiguoils to that which they occupy, are of different stock from that of the gov erning country, and less than 1 per cent of their population is of the nationality which administers the government. Practically all of Africa, Oceania and Southern Asia are governed by coun tries not contiguous to the territory in question. All of the governing coun- tries are located in the temperate zone and practically all of the territory gov erned as colonies is, with the exception of Canada, Southern Australia and New Zealand, tropical or subtropical.
 The 4S5. .000,OOo people of stock differ ent from that of the governing coun- try. and located in the tropics. are di- vided into three great groups: East Indian, West Indian and Africa. The East Indian, or oriental group, includes the British colonies of India, Ceylon, the Malayan Peninsula, Fiji and .BoI- neo, the Dutch colonies of Java and Sumatra and the French colony of Indo- China--all located comparatively near to the Philippines and having a popu- lation, climate and other conditions somewhat similar to those of the Phil ippines. The second group, the West Indian, includes colonies governed by the British, French, Dutch and Danish government; the third group, Africa and adjacent islands. includes territory governed by Great Britain. France, Germany, Italy. Portugal and Belgium.
 The population of the British colonies is in round numbers $50 million; that of the French colonies 56 millions: Netherlands colonies, 35 millions; Bel gian colonies. 30 millions; German colonies. 15 millions; Portuguese colon ies, millions, and Spanish colonies, 135, 900. while the uncontiguous terri tory governed by the United States has a population of about 10 millions. Of the popula ton of $50 millions thus gov erned by Great Britain, nearly 300 mill lions gre in the East Indian group, B millions in Africa, and less than mill lions in the West Indies. Of the Dutch colonies, 8 millions are in the East In- dian group, and 50,000 in the West h. dies. Of the French colonies about 21 are in the East Indian group, 25 millions in Africa, and 300, 900 in the West Indies.
 The report shows that the commerce of the colonies amounts to about three billions of dollars, of which about one half is imports and a large proportion | drawn from the governing country; | W large proportion of the tropical and subtropical products required by the countries which administer their gov ernment.
 On the question of the government of to which the study is especial | ly devoted, the report shows that in the | colonies composed of people of the gov erning country, or their descendants, the administration of government is left almost exclusively to the people of the colonies themselves; in the colonies whose population is chiefly of race, customs and climatic conditions differ ing from those of the home country, i the governor and other executive off, i cers are usually appointed by the hone and these with the aid of natives Casually in the form of legis- lative body, one branch of which is elected by the people) frame the laws and regula tions which are administered | by the officers appointed by the home Local and municipal leg islation and administration are left to the natives wherever practicable, and they are encouraged to assume the du- ties of administering law and improv- ing and developing the community and otherwise. The con- struction of roads, railways, telegraphs and other methods of communication by which the natural products of the colony can be sent to the markets of the world is encouraged by the home and in most cases the cost is borne by the colony itself; and the development of the colony is usually with the development of fs- ilities of transportation and communi- cation. Funds for the conduct of the colonial government are raised in prac- fically all cases in the colony itself and by methods usually adopted in other parts of the world, though in the newer colonies customs duties are the chief reliance for this purpose.
 The commercial relations between the