davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington times., 1903-08-09

TEW people know that the art OF
printing is of comparatively mod
ern origin, only four hundred
years having elapsed since the first book
was issued from a press. The principle
however, was developed among the an
cient Assyrian natives; indeed, entire and
undecayed bricks of the famous city OF
Babylon have been found stamped with
various symbolical figures and hero
glyphic characters.
In this, however, as in every similar
relic of antiquity. the object which
stamped the figures was in one block OF
piece. and, therefore. could be employed
only for one distinct subject. This
though a form OF printing, was utterly
useless for the propagation of literature
on account of the expense and tedious
labor entailed in the process.
Still Used by John Chinaman.
The Chinese are the only existing peo-
pie who still pursue this rude method OF
printing by stamping paper with blocks
of wood. The work which they intend
to be printed is, in the first place. care
fully written upon sheets of thin, trans
parent paper. Each of these sheets is
glued. with the face downward, upon a
thin tablet of hard wood. The engraver,
then. with proper instruments. cuts away
the wood in all those parts on which
nothing is traced, thus leaving the tran
scribed characters in relief. In this way
as many tablets are necessary as there
are written pages.
No press is used, but when the ink is
laid on and the paper carefully placed
above the wooden tablet, brush is pass
ed over it with the proper degree of
pressure.
A similar kind Of printing by blocks
for the production of playing cards and
rude pictures of scriptural subjects was
used in Europe toward the end of the
fourteenth century. But in all this
there was little merit.
The Great Discovery.
The greatest discovery in the art of
printing was that of forming every letter
of the alphabet separately so as to be
capable of Encouragement and forming
in succession the pages of book This
avoids the intermirable labor OF cutting
The Washington times., 1903-08-09

fording space for the linking apparatus
The smaller surrounding cylinders for
producing pressure were arranged in a
framework in connection with slopes.
by which the sheets were fed in blank
and came out printed on one side.
The size of the main cylinder, the
number of exterior cylinders, and the
rate of speed determined the number OF
impressions printed per hour. The first
Hoe press used in Europe was installed
in the offices of the Paris newspaper
La Patrfe.' in 1S4S. and the next. with
six cylinders, for "Lloyd's Weekly
Newspaper" in London. during 1857.
Presses of Today.
About the time that the Hoe ma
chimes came commonly into use anoth-
er advance was made in the art of rap
i'd printing In 1859 a long series OF
experiments ended in the successful
substitution of curved stereotype
plates for pages of movable type. Be
sides escaping the risk and wear in
volved in working pages of type in cir
cular chases, the new method relieves
the types from all direct printing work
so that instead of two years a font
may last twenty.
The early Hoe machine. however.
with all it's advantages, retained the
inconvenience of printing on one side
only. These difficulties were first en-
tirely overcome by new machine, the
walter" contrived and perfected be-
tween 1863 and 1868 by the manager of
the London Times" printing estab-
lishment. This press printed both
sides by one operation from a contin
uous roll of paper. In the manufacture
and operation of fast printing press
es Americans are conceded to lead tho
world.
The modern printing press is a mar
vel of ingenuity in invention and skill
in operation. 1t performs every opera
ton of printing. pasting, folding. and
trimming a newspaper. A press of the
latest type will print upon a large roll
of paper. fed to the impression cylin-
ders by an automatic mechanism which
insures a uniform tension. Afterward.
the paper, now printed on one side.
passes around a "transferrer" and re-
turns to the opposite end of the same
impression cylinder, reversed so that
both sides are printed by the
same form carrier. The page then
passes on to the folding and delivering
machine, which cuts the web into
sessions, collects these sections one
The Washington times., 1903-08-09

these old veterans worked long and
faithfully at the case.
Il knew Capt w. w. Moore, who was
highly honored by his fellow-citizens
with many places of trust. as well as
his son, Colonel Billy, of military
fame, who at one time handled the stick
and rule. Other names are crowding IN
upon my memory. There was James F.
Holiday, for some time foreman OF the
Globe, and afterward elected Collector
of Taxes; Ferdinand jefferson, for many
years translator in the State Depart
ment; A. b. Claxton, foreman for Gideon
and who afterward held a responsible
position in the Treasury Department;
John Trenholm, printer, and scholar as
well, who assisted President Pierce in
getting his inaugural address together,
and who was often called into cOnsulta-
ton with the heads of the departments.
Men Who Stood High.
Then, too. there was William Wood
ward. grandfather of our Health officer.
who was a comp on the old Intelli =
gencer.' and who left two sons in the
business; John Larcombe. for many years
distributing officer OF the Government
Printing Office, and one of the best tabu-
lar hands l ever saw; James English.
foreman for Cornelius Wendell and first
foreman Of the Government Printing Of
fee. He was a man thoroughly posted in
his business William r. Mclean, the
most prominent Odd Fellow of his day.
was good friend of mine, as was Co
lumbus Drew. who went to Florida and
afterward became governor of the State
Gerard Stith. afterward mayor Of New
Orleans, was a well-known printer in
Washington half a century ago You
may have heard of Adam Cavis, con-
nected in those days with the Confed-
crate money bureau. After the close of
the war he returned to his home. and
for a long time was confidential reader
The Washington times., 1903-08-09

~ NE OF the very oldest printers
in Washington, and consii-
cred by many as the dean OF
the type-setters in the District OF Co
lumbia is Fred NJ. Detweiler, a mem
Der of the welI-known firm Of Judd &
Detweiler. He was born near Middle
town. Pa. February 10, 1880, and at the
age Of fifteen went 10 Harrisburg fer
the purpose OF learning the trade OF
printing. He remained in this city only
a year, serving the balance of his time
in Philadelphia.
The great strike of 1850 compelled
Mr.. Detweiler to look elsewhere fer
employment. and he finally came 10
Washington in that year. His first en-
ployer was George Gideon. During his
experience as a printer Mr.. Detweiler
has worked in the Offices of the Re
publican. the Sentinel" the "Amsri-
can Organ" the Congressional Globe, -
and the state and Union" all Wash
ington newspapers.
At the beginning Of the civil war M-
Detweiler was foreman OF the Sunday
Chronicle" and continued in charge Of
the paper for some time after il was
merged into a daily. In 1869 he enter
ed into partnership with the late
John G. Judd. AS workman Mr.
ing very energetic. Few men of his
time cared TO try conclusions with him
on a long string" He was a prom
inent member of the typographical So
ciety. and one of the charter members
or Columbia Typographical Union No
1O1.
The Washington times., 1903-08-09
CONTINUED from First Page.)

for several years. Their hours were
reduced from ten TO nine about seven
years ago. and there is a general move
ment on foot now to make eight hours
constitute days work in this branch
of the business. With that object in
view, subordinate unions are forbidden
BY the international organization from
entering into contracts with employers
extending beyond 1905. unless a provI-
sion is contained granting those hours
after that time.
While seeking shorter hours, the In
ternational Typographical Union dis
plays its conservatism by counseline
arbitration. Its conservative spirit was
shown several years ago by making a
law requiring a three-fourths majority
in a subordinate union before a strike
could be ordered, only those who had
been members for six months being al
lowed 10 vote, and the sanction OF the
international executive council made
The Washington times., 1903-08-09

ure of stability than ever before IN its
history.
In signing it's agreement with the
newspaper publishers the Typographical
Union enjoys the distinction of being
the first national labor body to negotiate
an arbitration plan of adjusting differ
ences.
Ir order to protect itself as we'll as
the proprietors of offices who employed
union labor ct good wages against the
competition of concerns whose methods
were considered questionable, the or
ganiza ton. in conjunction with the al
lied trades. some years ago had trade
mark copyrighted, in the shape of the
following label:
The Washington times., 1903-08-09

IT HIS, the largest and best equipped printing of
fee in the world, stands the corner of North
Capitol and H Streets northwest. 1t cost more
than two million dollars TO build this huge shop and it
has floor space of $4,000 square feet or two-thrds
of large city block Miles of steam pipes tons of ma
chinery, brick stone and marble enough rebuild two
thirds of the Washington Monument used in its
construction
Three 300 horse power Croker dynamos installed
The Washington times., 1903-08-09
A SHORT HISTORY OF THE ART PRESERVATVE
How the Process of Stamping Letters on
Paper Has Been Perfected in the Cen
turieS Between the Day Of Babylon and
NineVeh, and That of Modem Cities.

new blocks of types for every page. The
credit of inventing this simple. yet mar
velous, art is contested by the Dutch
for Laurence Roster, between 1920 and
1926, and by the Germans on behalf of
Johann Causfeisch, of the Gutenberg
family. about 1883 In all probability
the discovery was made at the same
time-a theory consistent with the gen
eral social progress ct the period and
the secrecy which both inventors main
taired at first respecting their art.
The types first employed were OF wood.
but soon the practice of casting them
in metal was introduced. The earliest
of these metal types resemblcd the
black letter in use by transcribers. and
one great aim of the first printers was
to produce books which should closely
erto n use.
Gutenberg's Bible.
Between 1850 and 1455 Gutenberg sue
ceeded in printing a Bi5Ic, copies of
which are now exceedingly rare and val
liable. 1t is in quarto size, double COL
umns, the initial letters of the chapter
being executed with the pen, IN colors.
Besides this Bible. some other speci-
mems Of the work of Gutenberg. the
product of his press at Mayence. have
been discovered The Dutch at HARLEM
preserve and show with reverentiaI care
similar specimens of early printing by
Roster 1t cannot be denied that PRINTING
was in use in Mayence, Strasburg and
HARLEM before it was extended to Rome.
Venice, Florence. Milan, Paris. Tours,
and other European cities.
Cations Press.
About 1471, Caxton, the famous English
printer. set up his press, the first in
England. in Westminster Abby. These
presses were very rude and clumsy. The
first improvement upon the printing
press was made by the celebrated Earl
Stanhope. He constructed a press OF
iron. and that OF a size sufficient to
print a whole surface of sheet. and he
applied such a combined action of levers
10 the screw as to make the pull a great
deal less Iaborious to the pressmen. and
to permit much quicker and more eff
cient working.
A multitude of improvements succeed
ed those of Earl Stanhope. in most of
which the screw was dismissed, the pres
sure being generally effected by levers,
or by the simple and efficient principle
of Strengthening joint.
The Washington times., 1903-08-09

| in the Government Printing ONCE HI
died at the age of eighty-six-a fig fol
these men who say we printers don't Iiv,
long.
lone Of the best beloved of all our city
fathers was Nat Sardo. The genial
Nat, as he used TO be called. was d
prominent knight OF the stick. Robert
Penman, too, what an anable and hand
some fellow he was, to be surei He was
drowned in the canal. and how we
missed him. J. c. Franzoni was a print
er of note. You remember his father
carved the figure of Time on the great
clock in the old House of Representa-
tives. A fine piece of work il is. too.
knew young Franzoni well and it was
said of him that TO know him was to
love him
War Time Memories.
THE civil war brought a number of
printers TO Washington. The most
prominent of these were James Mont
gomery at one time foreman of the
Philadelphia North American and
who recently died at the age of eighty
six. and James Daley. afterward fore
man of the Public Ledger, and one OF
the masters of the Denver Home. Sam
uel HaldemGn, late president of Typo
graphical Union No. 1O1, was another:
and John Cunningham, assistant fore
man of the Government Printing Office;
p. Louis Rodier, a veteran of the civil
war. for many years in charge of the
Treasury branch, and Uncle Billy
Jones, who was noted for his speed in
tyDesetting.
But the list is getting too long. 1
could extend it ad infnitum. almost
These samples. however, will give you
some idea OF what the craft was In we
good olden times Taking them all in
all, better class of men in their voca-
ton would be hard TO find. They all had
The Washington times., 1903-08-09
U1lEr
CtLEiK ' :.i s1ag1D
~Asstsii,s iss

This label has proven very effective
weapon for the printers in their fight
for better conditions, and several thou
sand dollars are spent annually in eff
The Washington times., 1903-08-09

There half dozen elevators The employees number
$3.50 persons, and out of $4OOOOOO expended on the
plant last year. twOthrds of it paid in salaries
There 127 presses of all sizes in the building and
they turn out every day 100000 impressions. Last
year 100000 pounds of type were handled.
1t is here that almost all the Government printing
is Congressional proceedings, reports, pam
phlets communications which be preserved the
Presidents message
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1903-02-01

You may need some good reliable
footwear at hits season. either heavy
winter shoes or rubbers and should
you want a nice party shoe or sliper
in ladies or gents, misses or children
you will find them at Ed. Burlingtons
shoe store.
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1903-02-01

Try Friend for cigars. He leads.
Ladies and children furs at almost
half price at F. w. Days.
The heavy storm in the Sierras
caused a delay on the S. P and the |
passenger train was three hours late
yesterday in consequence
For fresh milk and cream at short |
notice call Phone 531.
Drifted snow flour will make nice
light bread and cakes. Only $3.50 a
sack. Kelly's Arlington block.
A number of the members of the
Legislature departed for nearby
homes last evening
Beef and all classes of meat at re-
duced rates at the Eagle market
Major Dennis, of the Reno Journal
is suffering from a severe cold, and
although quite sick, it is thought he
will be up and around in a few days
Furnished rccms for rent Enquire
at this office.
Things at the North Rapidan are
running smoothly. 1t is only with
the greatest difficulty that any one is
able to make his way out, the snow
being piled eight feet high in places.
Chronicle.
For saie-Furnished house on King
street Of seven rooms, which will
sell reasonable. Inquire of
Mrs. Jennie Sprague.
Felt boots, ladies rubbers, gents
ruhbers, childrens rubbers and over
shoes at the lowest prices. Kelly's
Arlington block
The funeral of the late Joseph VOL
! fenberg took place yesterday after
noon from the Catholic church. Many
friends from Empire and this city
congregated to pay the last respects
to the memory of the young man.
We can save you so per cent on q
full dress suit Call and see Joe Plat
the Pioneer Clothier, and get YOU
measure taken.
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1903-02-01

Local News of Carson and Vicinity.

TriA cures bruises and sprains.
Neckties, 25 cents at the Emporium
Dr. VanDeventer has just returned
from the Holy Land and will preach at
the NJ f. church Sunday morning and
evening Hear him.
Silk lined Mocha gloves, wool
Days
More meat for less money at the Ea-
gle market
1t is reported that the sale of the
LOgan-Hully mine, has been consuma-
ted. The supposed purchasers are
New York capitalists and the price
paid for the property is said to be
$3.50, 900
If you want a tamale that tickles
the palate and is recognized as the
best in the line, leave orders at Mrs
NusS' residence.
From this time on tarales can be
purchase at Mrs Nuss' residence
only.
Special sale OF boots. shoes and
rubbers at Ed. Burlingtons. Plenty
of stock to select from and all first
grade goods at low prices. Don't fai
to take advantage of the sale
| The Great American Tea com pan.
has about finished placing shelves
and fixtures in their store in this city
They expect to be ready for busines.
next week
For Sale-A Seyen-rOom house il
good condition, veil located and in q
desirable neigbborhcoc. For full par
ticu!ars, enquire Of D. w Quill, at tht
Walsh grocery store.
Legislators will find bill files, Rob
} erts' rule of order, stationery and tn
daily San Francisco papers, deliver
ed to all parts of the city. The Fo:
Store, opposite the Capitol 1w
} Word was received in this city az
! nouncing another important strik
in the Montana-Tonopah ground.
is said to the fourth great vein {
ore encountered in sinking the shat
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1903-02-01
For Sale
lE--T WO.

Good dry split pine au5 'irr. wood.
has never been fuined ana Is prime for
use. VIII be sold in quantity tp suit
patrons. Saving done at short notice
cut to suit r"trnns L SAVAGE
Phone 191.
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1903-02-01
=
FRAJERNAL SOCIETIES.
0RmsBY LODGE No 4
A. 0. U. ".

MEETS every Second and Fourth
TUesdy of the Month. SojOurning
cordially invited.
G. +. krTZMEYEE, NJ. w.
GEO. w. KEITH, Recorder.
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1903-02-01

We can save you so per cent on a
full dress suit Call and see Joe Platt
the Pioneer Clothier, and get your
measure taken
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1903-02-01
Dancing Academy.

Florence Hastings will open an ad-
ult class on Wednesday evening, Feb
ruary 4, at o'clock, at Armory hall
Social at 9. Admission, gentlemen, so
c; ladies free; class lessons, So per
month. Afternoon class meets at
D. m Tuition $3.50 per month IT,
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1903-02-01
WOOD FOR SALE.

The best Of dry yellow pine wood,
no second growth, has never been flu
med, will be delivered in any quanti-
ty, either cut or in cord wood lengths.
Orders promptly delivered
R. Savage. Phone No. 191.
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1903-02-01
Psychic and Scientific PaImist.

Madame Destange, the Psychic and
Scientific Palmist, is meeting with
great success, but as her time is linn
tied here, she would like the people
to call early as she would like to read
for all who are interested in Palmistry.
Hours 10 a. m. to 5 p. m. Z to 9 p. m,
two blocks east of the Postoffice, south
side.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1903-12-31
BRICK MACHINE ARRIVES.
viii BE Placed in Position at once.
capaeit 10000 Daily.

Yesterday afternoon tho new brick
machine for the Ardmore Coal ard
Power company arrived and is being
mloaded today. The machine will
be carried to the company's coal mine.
Il rec and onehalf miles southeast OF
the city. at once. where the founda.
ton and house for 1t is already built.
As soon as the same can De properly
placed the company will put the ma.
chine at work. This machine makes
dry pressed brick and has capacity
o. 10000 per day when used "a hours.
The material and dirt accessible at
this mine is inexhaustible and makes
As fine. If not a better. brick than tde
Concyville, Kansas brick, which IS
the best that comes 10 this market.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1903-12-31

they stand a chance Of losing in the
long run.
Doubtless this assertion will be rc
ceivcd with general uplifting OF
hands on the part Of the holierthan
thou who like TO pose as the infalllblt
adviser of the farmers no matter what
the situation may be, but we feel that
It Is fully justified by the facts nev
ertheless.
The advance which eliminated IN
the present top figures was the result
OF the inevitable laws Of supply anl
demand. The crop promises to be
unusually small this season and
der ordinary circumstances migh;
be even further curtailcd by the boil
weevil next year But as the Record
sees II, tho conditions next season
arc likely 10 DC anything but ordinary,
and therein lies the danger which VIC
believe to DO apparent In other
words. high prices and an impending
famine will inevitably cause many far
mors 10 largely increase tho'r acreage
and in the end the results arc likely
tp be more or less disastrous M th.
years when the farmers raised u.aa
ucally nothing but cotton pr'co went
down to o cents After season or
two c.! This uinous business the cot-
ton acreage was diminished. other
products were raised at "a profit and
cotton prices commenced 10 get back
II where they should be-.
And now it seems likely that recent
history Is to repeat itself. \ mate
rally larger acreage might not bring
about a radical reduction in next
years prices. but Ia the end it is
scarcely conceivable that IL would fail
To do again just what it has done in
the past. or course. the producers
might continue TO get the top prices
for another season and grow fat tncrc-
on, but what of the future?
If the cotton growers will take ad-
vantage of the good luck which Is
being showered upon them, without
losing their heads and giving up ev-
erything else to cotton next year. they
will find some millions of extra cash
in their pockets and continued good
market for their staple. IT, however.
they make the mistake OF planting
every available acre in cotton to the
exclusion OF all else. they will rroha-
bly, lose those millions and several
more. They should profit by the les.
sons of the past.--Fort Worth Record
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1903-12-31
Chicago Grain Market.
RECEIPTS.

Chicago-hogs, 35 coo, &c up.
cd tie. 5 900. &c up.
Kansas City-hogs, 1000, Sc up
Cattle, 5000, SC ur.
Omaha-hogs, 4 600, SC up
cattle, 1,sOO, s; IN.
.,,Irortbo rc.- ~, A,1,,,o,-~F.~
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1903-12-31

The matnees given by Richard *
prinsle's Famous Georgia Minstrels
have proved very popular, giving as
It does the ladies and children o
chance to see the really excellent
performance given by these sons of
Ham, besides there is a number OF
people who cannot attend the night
show, who gladly visit the matinees.
The management announce a special
Bargain Matinee" in this city on
Saturday afternoon at 2:3O o'clock at
the Robson opera house. when the
same performance will be given as
at the nigh tshow, but the prices will
b. greatly reduced.
The program this season is made
up with the special idea OF pleasing
ladies and children. Remember the
matinee win take place rain or shine.
3O.3.
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