davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1903-11-19

is bad enough without going to the
pains Of imagining all this trouble, or
paying any money to go through the
experience, And frequently the act.
ors are much worse than the play
Madison Outlook.
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1903-11-19
ALL HOME PRINT
Subscription price. per year.
Member Of the south Dakota Press Association
Official Paper 0f Union County

THE W. g. T. U. are holding the
national convention at Cincinnati,
Ohio, with 500 delegates in attendance.
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1903-11-19
Ex-Saperintemdenf Of State schooI Fl
Deaf Mates il Dead.

Word Was received Tuesday that
Prof. James Simpson, of Sioux Falls,
died in that city Monday evening 1t
9:15. Mr. Simpson was III charge of
the state school for deaf mutes for over
twenty years and did much toward
building up that Institution. He WAS
compelled 10 retire from the manage.
ment of the school last spring and has
steadily declined II health since that
time. He was 40 years Of age and
leaves . wife and three sons. Such
men the whole state should honor for
they are men, who, forgetful Of self. d.
voted their lives and talents ID the
|betteuuent and uplifting of humanity
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1903-11-19
A Shooting ARRAY.

At little past one o'clock this after.
noon w. A. Swenson met Philip Neu-
harth In front Of the Republic Office
and asked him to pay his bill. A few
words were exchanged which caused
Mr.. Neuharth to draw q revolver from
his inside coat pocket. Mr.. Swenson
then turned to go away when Neuharth
shot ct him. The men were not more
than six feet apart and either the
bullet went above Mr.. Swenson's should
er or the cartridge was u blank. There
are advocates Of both theories. Tn
tense excitement prevailed along the
street as soon as the matter was made
known. The marshall was called who
arrested Mr.. Neuhart and placed him
10 the local jail Beyesfcrd Republic.
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1903-05-08
In Search of n WIFI

A Mississippi mar sent the following
letter in answer to a matrimonial ad-
v~ertisement: "In inclose nv photo
graf with My Full Description. It
the features as nachel as. can
bee only it is to Dark; I am very lite
Complexion, Gray eyes, ORION har.
6-foot high, waight 100 Lbs, inclined
to be hump s%houldered; A Muskler
Man and a widower 20 years old, with
A Common School Equations, but hav
Got Anof to Atten to Emmy Business.
| am Strictly Morrel. Don't use To-
bacco Nor Whiskey." He is anxious
to have her understand that her cage,
Complications, wait, and All Suits me
to aztec, Kind Loving Girl. Ihave Only
One Thing to Offer. And it is Neither
Lands Mar Gold. But q Strong Arm
and True Hart and will Lay Down nv
Life for the Rite Girl and Be happy.
for i am tired Of living Alone. The
Girl that Steels myzHart and takes my,
Name for the Remainder OF Nv Life
win make Happy, for j am Hunting
a Girl that idleise and Make i
Angle Of.
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1903-05-08

Last year the wealthy of the cities
clad themselves in white, and; much to
their satisfaction, seemed to hold a
monopoly on this mode, womankind in
general not adopting the fashion to
any great extent. This year the ultra
fashionable will have to share the craze
for white with their less fortunate sis
tiers. This is shown by the fact that
not only the shops patronized almost
exclusively by the wealthy, but those
frequented by the middle and poorer
classes, are showing white gowns in
great variety of style and material. 1t
will be a white season for everybody.
The white gown that will wash is a
profitable investment. 1t will stand
laundering better than any colored
material, and the woman whoNmust
trust her summer clothes to the yicis-
STUDIES of summer hotel laundries will
stand a better chance of getting
through the season presumably II she
depends upon white lawns, linens, ETC.,
than if she allows herself to be- led
away from wisdom's path by the al
lurements Of the ~delicately tinted and
lowered wash goods. The latter may
stand careful laundering with some
degree of success, but the average
laundry of the summer resort is fairly
certain to rob them of their beauty in
a very short space of time.
White is universally becoming, is
procurable in every grade of material,
adapts itself to any color in dress &C
~cessories, cleans or washes well. These
are its titles to favor, and they justify
it's selection.
First, as to the white morning frock.
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1903-05-08

a decided point in the back. Some of
them give the effect of wings, as they
are Joined at only one point. They will
be worn with wolfe and other summer
cloths as well as with the silks.
: Ribbons of every style, width and
price are shown for the smart summer
outfit, in belts, sashes, stocks, ties,
chous, ribbon roses and ribbons as
landings for skirts and waists. No
toilet seems complete without them, as
they relieve the severity of the tailor
mace gown and add charm to the
tdaintier toilets.
Broad sash ribbons of m%ousseline de
sole are shown, with both white and
black grounds, " which. are thicklv
strewn half blown rosebuds, a shower
OF Loose violets or lilies of the valley.
the flower Represented forming the
color scheme. These flowers are
printed (not woven or embroidered).
and an inch wide satin stripe forms the
edge of the ribbon.
ELLEN osMoNDE.
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1903-05-08
The History Of st. Sophia
at CoDstuDtiDople
From Christian Cathedral to Moha1nrnedan Mosque
Its Connection With the Macedonian Question. :.

excommunicate the. Eastern church
IN the great altar Of St. Sophia.
1904. Capture of Constantinople by
the Crusaders. Wanton PROCLAMATION
of the sanctuary by the soldiery. Bald
win, of Flanders, is crowned first
Latin emperor of Constantinople in
St. Sophia, which is converted into a
Roman Catholic church. The TeDeum
resounds in the dome for 81 years.
1861. Constantinople is recon
quered by the Greeks and St. Sophia
restored to the Orthodox faith.
1917. Andronicus P~aleologos, the
Elder, erects the huge buttress masses
disfguring the outside.
1916. Earthquakes. Collapse of the
great eastern arch and all that part of
the dome resting OF it.
1860. Restoration of the vault by
John V. Paleologos.
1852. A Te Deum is again sung in
St. Sophia by order of the last Con-
stantine. But this alienates the SYM
pathies of the people, who, from that
day, avoid the church as a Jewish syn
agogue or a heather temple.
1883. Fall of Constantinople. Mo-
manned II. respects St. Sophia, which
he solemnly dedicates to Islam.
A few words regarding the treat
ment of St. Sophia by the Turks would
form a fitting conclusion to this brief
historical sketch. Contrary to what
is generally believed, the building did
not suffer much from its new masters.
The damage reduces itself to a partial
scratching of the arms of some crosses
in b%as-relief and to the w%hitewash
cover of the majority Of the mosaics.
Many mosaics have been removed as
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1903-05-08

Linen is first favorite, and although
this season has seen astonishing elab-
grafton of linen 'frocks, the tailored
frock of white linen has a chic distinc-
ton of its W for morning wear and
for informal afternoon wear. All the
crashes, the heavy mercerized cottons,
come in line With linens for shirt-waist
suits and other simple frocks of white,
and pique, and duck are still used
though they have to a large extent
been supplanted by the linens.
The complete frock of one material
is, Of course, the particular choice of
the season, but separate white skirts
OF heavy linen or cotton are a sensible
investment and may be worn with
thinner blouses more comfortably
than with blouses of their own weight.
Lawns in sheer quality are made up
more deliberately for afternoon frocks
and share with dimity the honor Of
being the most serviceable of white
wash stuffs. More flmy, and naturally
more frail, are the French batistes,
which are enjoying a tremendous
vogue, and this season there are sew
eral new mur1s which are undoubtedly
the most delicate and beautiful of the
white goods that can lay any reason
able claim to the name of washable
materials.
Neither the null nor the fine batiste
would stand any but the most careful
laundering, and would stand that only
a few times; but, as a rule, frocks of
these materials are made up without
reference to the tub, are deliberately
trimmed with lace or embroidery, and
whens oiled are sent to the cleaners.
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1903-05-08

a measure of precaution, through the
cracking and precariousness of the
mortar in which they we're fixed: This
liberation for images whose repre-
sentation is forbidden by the faith
was attended with a pious zeal towards
the preservation of the building. In
1873, Sultan Selim II. repaired the east
ern arch; in 1s47-1S49, Sultan Abdul
Mesjid spent nearly a quarter of a
million sterling for a general restora-
ton, while the first care of his son
Him. Sultan Abdul Hamid H., after
the earthquake of 1894, was to appoint
a commission of architects in order
to study the damage, and to at once
order a general repair. 1t isenly fair,
therefore, to acknowledge the great
debt of gratitude we owe to the sultans
OF Turkey for having preserved to the
archaeologist, practically intact, the
grandest architectural conception the
world has seen.
owing to the unrivaled audacitv Of
us construction, as we'll as to the
formidable thrust of its dome. St. So
phla would never have been a really
graceful building on the outside. It is
even to be feared that, through the
st1il greater hatness of the first cupola.
the original form of the church was
more disappointing than the present
one. Evidently, the early Byzantines
attached no great Importance to the
exterior view of their churches
Outer pomp had to be entirely subordi-
mated to the requirements of inner
harmony. All they seemed to have
cared for was to have roofs of easv ac-
cess; and it was doubtless to this end
that steep outside curves were assid-
uously discarded. At the same time.
the combination of both outer and
inner splendor in the self-same build
ing is a question which the medieval
Greek architects did not attempt to
decide. Nor has the problem received
a satisfactory solution since their
time.
The mortar which covers the hr;ck
walls OF St. Sophia is doubtless less at
tractive than the fine naked stone walls
OF other churches. But while rain and
the molecular work of heat and frost
tend in the long run, to decay any
stone exposed to their action, the
mortar, if only carefully repaired.
plays the part Of a barb against the
disintegration of the actual structnre
beyond. That is why the walls of St.
Sophia are still young, though nearly
IA centuries old; and il they failed
on some points, it is to other causes,
not to exposure, that the failure
| ought to be attributed.
E. N. ANTONIADI.
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1903-05-08
The
Thot Confronts England =
Armies of the unennp1oyed Bring About q C1amor
for Relief from INDECENT Aliens.

in London hearts that the foreigner
can be eliminated fromthe poor prob
lem by legislation; neverthelessa an at
tempt is being made to secure some
sort of legislation that will hereafter
prohibit the admission of foreigners
who are known to be penni1e SIS who
are likely to become S
Conferences hayesbeen held and
commissions have met to considersthe
question. AllsLondon is aroused and
is urging action in borough, council
and parliament. London is bent on
protecting herself AZ may be seen from
the following comment from oneof her
important newspapers:st III his de
Tense of the alien before the commits
sion Mr.. Coin discloses that the alien
soon comes up to the level Of the in-.
habitants in the neighborhoodSina
which he arrives. But Mr.. Cohn for-s
gets that the ultimate success of this
or that alien means failure to some
native born Englishman. Competition
is too severe. among ourselves all
ready 49,
There is precedent for excluding
the undesirable foreign immigrant.SIn
thereignof Charles 1.-the Clinque ports
adopted drastic measures to exclude
this element. In a letter dated March
3,,l627, from Sir John Hippesley, the
then lieutenant of Dover castle, to the
mayors, bailiffs and jurats of the
.sClinque. ports it is declared that in CON
seqnenceSof the scarcity of vituals and
sofstmeans5to sett the poore on worke
in the Provinces under the a~rchduches,
there is a course there intended to send
those. Of the poorest and worst condi-.
ton; Of French and other for Calais,
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1903-05-08

edlctS are ODeyed 10 the letter again.
Lace, which predominates in the
manufacture of these dainty accesso-
ries of the toilet, is simulated in va
rious materials. Happy the young
woman who can bring forth from the
family chest a bertha of duchesse lace,
a pelerine or fichu of !Chantilly, or a
three-cornered shawl of Irish point or
guipure. Among the newer laces
which are exceedingly popular for col
lars and %pelerines is the Paraguay lace,
with it's delicate wheel patterns sug-
gestive of drawn work. This is often
combined with a heavier lace like gui-'
pure or Arabian. If used alone it must
be worn with a heavy delicate fabric.
A noticeable feature connected with
the renaissance of the pe1erine is the
absence of violent contrasts, For in
stance, white lace is not worn with
dark costumes for the street, but with
the most delicate Of spring colorings,
such as pale gray, ecru, mode and tan.
Black lace is combined with darker
shades. =
A stunning imported costume dis
plays the artistic use of the pelerine.
The material is lusterless pongee in
the natural tint The skirt yoke is OUT
lined with bands of silk braid in ex-
quisite shade of wood color and brown.
The seams of the cores form inverted
plaits and the flare at the foot is
headed by ornaments formed of the
silk braid. The pelerine shows skillful
combinations of the natural poongee
tint with the various shades Of wood
color and browns, which come to q
point and are finished with small tas-
sells Of the same coloring. Alternating
with embroidered bands is ecru lace
Insertion. Asscant frill of the same
pattern finishes the edge Of the peleirr-
inc, with the silken tassels over it,.
For wear. with the soft, summery
silks are collars, pelerines and boleros.
made from a soft, lustrous silk COM
hined with silk braid in open renais-
sance and honiton patterns. All the
summary lace effects ins stocks, collars
and pelerines are exceedingly open
and flmy.
The boleros q small and i
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1903-05-08

enough money vas taken so that each
man had two or three shillings, but as,
the campaign progressed and became
tiresome the shower of coins dwindled
until scarcely enough'was taken to pay
for the exertion. Moreover, the public.
began to suspect, what some, Of the
newspapers were proclaiming, that a
large proportion of the marchers
would not work when offered employ
ment. The raids were clearly over
done. On a certain day in February
no fewer than 10 professions r said
to have marched through London bear
ing red banners varied by an occa-
sional flag displaying a skull and cross
bones.
In spite of the criticism of the mo-
tive and method of the marchers, new
interest has been awakened in the sub
ject of amending the poor law SO as to
make it effective in the 1essening of
poverty or of appealing it altogether.
The agitation has brought to the sur
face the fact that a, considerable num-:
Der of the unemployed in London are
aliens, ana the London public is de-
manding that undesirable immigrants
be refused admittance into England.
Last year, according to the president
of the board of trade, no fewer than
4,618 destitute aliens were granted
poor relief in England and Wales. OF
these 1924 were cared for in the city of
London alone. This was entirely indie
pendent of the destitute aliens cared
for by the Jewish board of guardians
and the Russo-Jewish joint commit
tee. Theseztwo charitable bodies re-
1ieved in the course of. the year up
ward OF. 5000 destitute. aliens in Lon
don Alone ~@'s<s 81 IL
It is difficult to determine the num-
Der of aliens in London, or the rate at
which the number is increasing by inn
migration. Certain it is, however, that
London is an important objective point
for many of the distressed peop1enwho
help to swell the steady exodus from
various parts of the continent. These
fleeing people do not all eome:toAmer-
lea by any means. IL
The Italian colony isstheamost uni-
fled of the foreign elements in IaDndon.
According to recentsreport Of the
Italian consul there Were. 18,34e. OF his
people to be found in the Italian quar-
ter last year. Theyarescomposed, he
says, of the most desperate (poor)
elements, consisting chiefly of. adven-
tuners. They come to England inthe
belief that they have only got to start
in business totmakefa great success.
After q time theylose what little they
have and after =. time die i the
# Il were t idl,ssssacarstfbe that which is
essentially. clhhssirrialeeterfstsc zof the life
Of East L[oondonpllone Would5treas Of the.
tailoring, bpqpttamaaldng, scabinetIm max
ing, tobacco preparation and ssimilar,
occupations permittingrthat evilcondi5
tiono employmeht called Sweating y
Each sweat ahopawould be found "a
have its large foreign teelearpent,and
each neighbprhood It's destitufe aliens.
These are conditions that have. existed
Tor many years, and there IS no 1aope
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1903-05-08

and again restored by Theodosius the
younger in AS, Constantine's church
was at last totally DESTROYED by fire
in the Nika riot of 532.
The quell of the rebellion raised
J%ustinian to the acme of power. His
ambition was to reconstruct the church
in such splendor as to transcend any
thing ever achieved before; and the
unrivalled genius of his architect, An
themius of Tralles, enabled the en-
peror'to produce a building which, in
originality of design, audacity of
structure, and gorgeousness of deco
ration, has never since been equalled,
or even approached. It was only 80
days after the fire that Justinian un-
dertook the reconstruction, and he
pushed the work with such relentless
activity that the present building was
completed and opened in the incredibly
short space of not ever six years.; the
dedication actually taking place on
Christmas day, 537.
The 1865 years separating us from
the dedication saw vast changes in
the appearance of the church. In the
first place, the original dome, which
was 20 feet hatter than the present
one, fell in $50 through the effects
of repeated earthquakes, and it was
thought safer, in its reconstruction,
to check somehow the thrust by rails
ing the curve to a greater height. The
second dedication under Justinian took
n1ooo nnoo an Th~%~o~o 49,,
563, seven years before the birth of
Mohammed.
An adumbration of the subsequent
history Of St. Sophia may be given as
follows:
A. D.. go. At the critical moment of
The war between Heraclius and Chos-
roes the church comes nobly forward
and saves the state, by coming many of
the treasures in it's possession.
62s. Heraclius lifts in triumph the
wood of the True Cross before the al
tar of St. Sophia.
725. Leo the ~Isaurian issues his first
edict against image worship.
TAI. Great earthquake of Constan-
tinople.
s42. End of the Iconoclastic contro-
versy; triumph of orthodoxy.
865. Erection of a belfry near the
west front of the church.
S69. Earthquakes; the vaulting
cracks in several places.
s69-s70. Eighth Ecumenical Synod,
held in south aisle of first floor level
of St. Sophia.
s75. Basil the Macedonian, CONSOLE
dates the great arch to the west by an
additional thickness.
975. A strong earthquake shock
causes the western arch of St. Sophia
to totter, and to drag the dome in its
fall.
9s1. Basil II. restores the fallen
parts. .'.
9S7. The ambassadors of vladimir
are SO dazzled by the grandeur of the
Divine service in St. Sophia that they
decide. the conversion of the Russian
& nation to the OrthodoxGreek church.
1854 The ENJOYS Of Pope Leo TX.
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1903-05-08
HE QUEEN said a member
! Of parliament during the
Jubilee festivities Of 1897,
! "reigns over more subjects
: than any other monarch;
she also rules over more

X she also rules over more
paupers." The winter that
has just past has been avery severe;
one for the London poor The appli-
cation of England's old, much-amend-a
ed and now almost worn-out poor law
makes a heavy drain upon the pocket
books of@the*taxpayers, particularly in
London, whereSthe condition of the I'M
employed is most critical. But these
legal demands are not the only de-
mands for the aid of the hungry that
the London public has been asked to.
meet. Armies of the unemployed which.
march from one end of the city to the
other, pass collection boxes. -,
1T is asserted that a great manysof
these marchers are tramps who would,
rather make a little in thisgway than
do any honest labor, but that,a great
many, on the other hand, are honestly,
DESTROYS of securing employmenti is adj
mitted. Many Of them are returned
soldiers, which r said to have sug-
gested the idea of forminga marching
column. Their plan of procedure has
been to marshal themselves into rath-
erE orderly professions, flying banners
Of distress and thanking the column
with a goodly number Of menswhose
business it is to carry contribution.
boxes and to dart here and there
among the o%nlookers, inviting the gem
erous ones. to contribute. At the end.
OF the raid this money:iis divided even:
~ among the marchers. At first
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1903-05-08

Wentaa 1Arp1aAiatNs s4Osy,a
b He was q young man OF thessmart
kind, and heswaA giving tlhe population
t 1hse luxury Of seeing N shs hseffqQqal ldSao
IN the ice.
tsYaas,,she explaaii1Htesdy whit I'm
going to d6is to entsout III be1stlyAAl-
ssPhabet, dontcherknpsna hbn1AatoNZh
without 9 break. 5,..,.,s.ss 81. 81,
The crowd.gasped, and. allSwentuel1.
until hehad comllpafeteed re lsetferN,s
when there wdsacrrqanshll,,safnn talsS g
bang, and the gentlesmashsr had dis
appeared through thesice,sleaxinaa
The loudaslaughter had NOT ssbsided
claiusd So nhIgsnN iess3sJJs
sNYhat.athe. blue snakegAre you
|blithering idiots laughing ~ Cam
you7seethat this hs letter 02s-
Cleveland leader.
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1903-05-08

E~RELINES, collars, boleros
and collarettes in manifold
numbers are necessary to a
complete summer toilette
this season. Paris has said
so, and Paris rules in the
world of fashion. Her