davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1903-11-10
VERMONT NAN HURT.
Claimed He was Assaulted and Robbed in
Rostnn.

Claimed He Was Assaulted and Robbed IN
Roston.
Boston, Nov. 9-Harry E. Collins Of
Newport, Vt, "a years old, Is at the city
hospital with a scalp wound and indloa-
tions Of fracture Of the skull, How Coll
Inns received his injuries Is mystery. He
says be was assaulted and robbed in his
room at the Falmouth house Saturday
night, but the authorities take little stock
IN bis story.
At the hotel, because Of his report that
be had been robbed Of $40 or S12 and had
been left practically peaniless, he finally
admitted he belonged In Newport VT,
and got the clerk to write to friends in
that town for mileage book which would
enable him TO return home. AT the hotel
an impression prevails that Collins fell
and cut himself
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1903-11-10
Fair opened AnapieIouslr.

Montpelier, Nov. 10.-The fair Of the
Montpelier Military Band and Co. II,
opened auspicionsly last evening IN the
Armory. The programme this evening
viii be given by the choir Of the Bethany
church
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1903-11-10
DEATH OF MRS. WALLING.
Northneid Woman Died suddenly satur.
dav Night

NUFthHcId WnnlHn Died Suddenly batur.
dav Night
Mortified, Nov o. Mrs II. FIX. Wall
Ing died suddenly Saturday evening at her
rooms in the hotel block, where for few
weeks past she has made her home with
her sister, Miss Minnie Moore She was
a we'll known resident Of Northheld, this
place having been her home for number
Of years. Sae WAS the vile 0f the late DR.
III. III. Walling, who died only few
months since. She is survived by her
sister, Miss Moore, and by one daughter
Mrs. Minnie Shuttiew0rth, wife Of Lieut.
NJ. a. ShuttIewerth, both Of whom are now
in the Philippines. She had beed in poor
health for a number Of years but OF late
had appeared better.
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1903-11-10
WILL PURCHASE ~NAULAHEA. :
New York Man Buys Rudyard Kipllng's
Vermont Home.

Brattleboro, NOV. 10.--A New York
man with Brattleboro connections has bar
gained for "Naulahkan Rudyard Kip
ling's American residence, situated 10 the
town OF Dummerston, but the deeds have
not yet been passed the titleto the grounds
not being clear The house has been in
the hands Of real estate agents in Boston
and elsewhere ever since the author aban-
doned It. The price at first charged was
$4,000, but the present price Is not far
from one-thIrd that amount.
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1903-11-10

There will be a special meeting of the
stockholders OF the Barre Cooperative So
ciety on Thursday evening, November ~,
at I p. N. in Miles hall Please make an
effort to be present. George Livingston,
president, John Anderson, clerk.
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1903-11-10
MONTPELIER DEFEATED.

Edmunds High school Scores SIX
Points.
Montpelier, Nov. 8. I'm the return foot
bali game played here today between Ed
munds high school aud Montpelier Semin-
ary, the Burlington team added another to
its unbrokeu list Of victories, winning by
a score Of 6 10 0. Both teams were very
evenly matched and at one. time 1t seemed
probable that neither side would score.
The FIRST game played in Burlington was a
tia
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1903-11-10
GOODS WERE ABSTRACTED.
Mixed gtate 81 Affairs with Former Bur-
lington Merchant.

Burlington, Nov. 10 "A feature Of an
unexpected character was made public
yesterday in the bankrupt estate Of A. h.
McCarty, formerly clothing merchant on
Church street, 1t being the disclosure Of
the fact that goods valued at about S3, GOO
had been abstracted from the stock after
Mr.. McCarty was petitioned into bank.
ruptcy by creditors and it is claimed that
y ID McCarty, father Of A. f. McCarty,
is the one who removed the goods.
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1903-11-10

A. 2. Abbott & Co. claim to have cor
1ect styles 10 ladies' garments
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1903-11-10
KAISER GOES FOR A WALK.

Recovering Rapidly After an Operation on
His Throat.
Berlin, Nov. 10.-An Official bulletin on
the kaiser's condition this morning reads.
Improvement in the wound continues
Hls majesty went for walk this morn
hg."
The St. Louis Republic., 1903-09-21
INTERESTING CHAT
OF PLAYS AND PLAYERS
REPUBLIC SPECIAL.

REPUBLIC SPECIAL
New York, Sept. 2o.-Several persons
prominent in the theatrical and musical
world arrived on the American liner Phil
adelphia yesterday Among them were
Forbes Robertson and his wife. Miss Ger
trude Elliott who IS sister of J Miss
Maxine Elliott. the wife of Nat c. Good
win
Mr. and Mrs. Robertson came to play
in q dramatization Of Kipling's story.
The Light That Failed" which they have
months. With the exception of a brief
engagement in ''Thermidor.'' MIR. Robert
son has not played in this country since
he was here as Miss Mary Anderson's
leading man.
I'VE have changed the story and given
1t pleasant ending in the play. instead OF
the tragic one in the book" said Mr..
would rather the audience went away with
a pleasant taste in their mouths"
"And ESipling really did write two end
both are published. but the second edi-
tfon has bsen withdrawn from circula-
tion.'
When asked why she played Ophelia in
q black dress. Miss Elliott replied:
.It made a better stage picture with
my black hair, and, then. as Hamlet is
in mourning, why should not ophelia also
country. I shall wear iight-colored Wig"
Miss Elliott was looking well and very
pretty. The resemblance to her sister Is
very marked: 1t was she who selected
and Seyenty-seventh street. so as to be
near the home Of her sister. Mrs. Good
win. where her child IL staying. Mrs
Goodwin was at the pier an hour before
the boat arrived to meet her.
Mr.. Robertson brought over his own
Company, twenty-eight in all. including
A. Aubrey Smith, a celebrated crtcketer
known as stRound-the-Corner Smith,"
from the twist he gives the ball: George
Summer, Guy Lane, Cecil Kennatrd. Leon
Quartermafre. Frank Buckley. Herbert
Beaumont. Arthur Harold. 8nsst Coz
The St. Louis Republic., 1903-09-21

to some extent by railroad attorneys; con-
sequently. after the massage of the act, II
has been necessary for lawyers 10 give
their various interpretations of II. They
have callHIl upon the mechanical associa-
tons To show by drawings the practical
application Of such safety appliances
which would properly meet Its REQUIRE
nents This Mas not been an easy task.
and IL has not bsen accomplished without
delay and labCrious discussions.
A good test OF 4 lucid and definite de-
scription Of a mechanical appliance is the
possibility OF making correct drawing
of II. and II an act relating to safety ap-
pliances is so worded that II can be prop
erly illustrated by drawings. then II
should be accompanied by drawings and
refer to them. IL the safety-appliance act
and its amendments had been so well
considered in advance in their passage by
Congress. and they had been illustrated
by drawings which would make their
meaning clear to the rank and file OF the
railroad men who are required 10 make
practical application Of the provisions of
the act much of the confusion. expense
and loss of time would have been avoided.
With these facts before US. 1t ought TO
be possible to profit by past experience.
and future legislation relating TO safety
appliances should be referred to the me-
chanical associations before enactment.
Railway Age.
The St. Louis Republic., 1903-09-21
Roadmaster.' Association.

The twenty-frst annual convention Of
the Roadmasters' and Maintenance OF
Way Association will be held at Kansas
City, No, beginning on October u. The
Coates House will be headquarters. Sub
iects for committee reports are as fol-
lows:
Best method of maintaining line surface
and gauge.
Best method OF educating young men to
make foremen of them, and discipline or
section men.
New and improved appliances for Use
on maintenance Of way. H.
Track drainage and tiling.
Wooden. metal and composition ties and
tieplates and preservation Of ties.
Machine ditching.
In addition to the reports individual pa
pers will be presented as follows:
Advisability OF putting in sixty foot rails
to take Joints out of crossings, by J. A.
Lahey, Chicago Terminal Transfer.
General track work, by A. Morrison,
Cambria Steel Company.
Timber preservation by Doctor Hermann
Won Schrenk.
Track tools, their use and abuse, by J.
Creeping Of rails. by F. J. Allen, Chi
cago. Burlington and Quincy.
The St. Louis Republic., 1903-09-21
WAR DEPARTMENT TO GUARD
SECRETS WITH MORE CARE.
Military Attaches of Foreign COun-
tries Hereafter TO Receive Only
Limited Information.
REPUBLIC SPECIAL.

REPU BI.IC SPECIAL.
Washington. Sept. 5O.-AIilitary attaches
of foreign embassies and legations in
Washington Will hereafter gain only the
information voluntarily extended them by
this Government from the Bureau OF Mill
tary Information, War Department
This is a development brought about by
the General STAFF. and is intended to bet
ter control the data concerning the Uni
II States Army and its administration
which finds its way into the archives of
the intelligence service of other armies.
Heretofore military attaches, while gain
ing much from the Bureau of Military In
formation, have also frequently picked up
valuable details from bureau chiefs in the
War Department although, of course, no
army officer gives away secrets which he
knows are Of value to the enemy
There is considerable information about
the army which the War Department is
perfectly willing should be given to other
Powers which extend to American mill
tary attaches the same courtesy The
alert military attache. however. weighs
this lightly. He seeks for the secrets
which are closely guarded; the character
OF coast defenses. the exact state of pre-
paredness for conflict: the reserve of
arms: ammunition and supplies; the
standard OF craftsmanship: the location
oi fatal defects, If there are any
Hith the growth of the United States on
Ianu ana sea the Powers are sending ex-
tremely intelligent and energetic officers
10 the United States for service as mill
tsry and naval attaches. The portion of
the naval establishment they are pc NIT
ted TO Inspect is carefully restricted.
1t was clever mo re on the part of the
President 10 invite the Ts al attaches of
several embassies and legations to be his
guests on the MayficWer at the review of
The North Atlantic feet in Oyster Bay
They would have doubtless learned more
had they been on the flagship KeersarEe
or one OF the other battleships to see the
crew at quarters. working the guns and
hs ndlfng the ship in the eYolutions.
But as the guests of the President on
the MayHower. their view was too, remote
for detailed observance Of the mechan-
ism and enlisted personnel of the fighting
The St. Louis Republic., 1903-09-21
nixideuds Declared.

Chicago Junction Railway and Union
Stock Yards Company preferred. IA per
cent. quarterly; common, per cent. quar-
terly.
Evansville and Terre Haute. preferred.
Norfolk and Western. per cent. quar-
Pittsburg. Fort Wayne and Chicago, 1Z
per cent, quarterly. and special dividend
of 1S4 per cent.
st. Louis and San Francisco, first pre-
ferred, l per cent. quarterly.
Southern Railway. preferred. 2is per
The St. Louis Republic., 1903-09-21
FULLERTON ARRIVES TO-DAY.
First Installment of Government
Funds for Fair Received.

Robert Fullerton. the disbursing officer
for the Government appropriation for the
Worlds Fair. win arrive IN ST Louis from
Des Moines, Ia. this morning TO take up
his work. his bond for $4,000, which is
the second largest required OF any Govern
ment Official. having been approved at
Washington Saturday.
General B. q. Farrar. Assistant Treas
urer OF the Subtreasury here stated last
night that he was in receipt of sealed
package and letter addressed to Mr.
Fullerton from Washington. These doubt
less contain the rules and regulations gov
erning the disbursement of the money.
which is to be sent In lots Of 10000 The
first inssailn,snt has already arrived.
The St. Louis Republic., 1903-09-21
DEATHS.


BENNETT.-Entered into rest on Sunday.
September 80. 1903 at SIS o'clock a m. VIII
Bennett. Funeral viii take place from late
residence. No. 1917 Cass avenue, on Tuesday.
yited. -'
BYRNE1Entered into rest Sunday. Septem-
her -. 1908 at 5:s6, Catherine @ Byrne In her
Ssce No 1a St Anse sgenne luen rnsdayy sny sp-
tember 2. at 10 o'clock. to Church Of the Holy
private.
George, A. Gibbons and Ms, Anna Bryan.
2. at 2 p: m. from family residence. .Nc. lsss
Cote Briliante avenue, to Beiefontaine Gene
terry. Friends are invited 10 attend.
HADIcAN-on September %. 1895. at i:so ..
OF Martin ard NarSaret KadIcan, dear bratber
cf, Martin and Della Hadican. Funeral VIII
Jennie collins, No. 234s Hickory street. Due
notice Of funeral later.
KEITH-Bntsred into rest Friday September
=; ls'si at I a. m. suddenly. Captain Henry
CIlfist's church cathedrai chapel. Monday.
isf e e~por a RS @ and i' siss9Os ssss40aipf NO. Ps
pers please copy.
i,A.NefoRD-Son ~ SUNDAY; September .. 1s12
I,Ss;denes. ~ iiso Grattan street. on Tuesday.
g1sRho'r geR thence at to oun. ors 81 St csmessar
Friends iuTited to attend
STEVENS = Sunday. September 80 1914 al
@ p xo,ce Oil %s ~ sSs GSpPsr & s,eyens w ,y. ssd q
itl='ieiph'n pzpers please COPY.
TIsIMBLE-Entered inte rest after Q Ilnger-
Ing Illness. at a m. Saturday. at her home,
tss. West Belle. Mrs Nancy TTirlble. aged g
years and months. beloved mother Of George
" Tr.ruhle ard Ars- q. z. shaw. Infermsnt
II louisiana. No. Tuesday afternoon.
:. .wAI.DERsiEFsTEzR SATURDAY, septembsr
y. ;a13. at 3:lb T. m. Barbara wsIdeTrueyer,
telcTed mother of Henry and Jacob Walder-
rssy-r ard Nayge-fte scannell snee tralder-
taeyeri. aEei Es gears. Funeral Monday sep
.cInhe- q. Al = n. from the residence cs her
eSu-in-i2g. Alfred Sc5nneil No. 1854 wess Piae
touierArG. TO Ser CathetiIal Church. thence 70
- Marcus Cemetery. Friends invited
zUcEEa-on suriay. September .. 1875, at
4 n m. 9e3sle t1ee DTysdals). beloved wife OF
Devid :, zzcxer. Due aosies OF funeral viii
ks sss-sA
The St. Louis Republic., 1903-09-21
WOUNDED POLICE STILL LIVE.
Chief Heuks and Captain Bren-
necke Both Improve.

REPUBLIC SPECIAL
Evansville, Ind. Sept. 2o.-captain Fred
Brennecke. who was shot by Detective
Thomas Hutchins Friday night, was in
better condition to-day than at any time
since the shooting. He Is not, however,
out Of danger.
same time Shaved some LITTLE itnnrovee
ment- Jacob Lutz, the bystander who was
shot. is now thought to be out OF danger.
The St. Louis Republic., 1903-09-21
RAILWAY APPLIANCE ACT.
Companies Unable to Uaderstand ii
Requirements of the Amendment.

Requirements of the Amendments.
It seems certain that the railroads will
not be able to fully comply with the re-
quirements OF the amendment to the
sasety-appliance act as TO placing grab
irons on the sides and ends Of engines and
tenders. at the expiration of the time
limit. October is next
Hopeless confusion and naisunderstand-
ing followed the passage of the original
act. and the came unfortunate condition
now confronts the railroads in their ef-
ferts to ind out what the recent amend
ments mean and how they can properly
comply with their requirements tn. ch,ef
cause of these troubles Is the fact that
the lectslation has been directed BY the
legal advisers Of tfafnrnen's unions. and
The St. Louis Republic., 1903-09-21
LOCAL ITALIANS CELEBRATE.
Anniversary of COuntry's Inde-
Pendence Fittingly Observed.

The anniversary OF Italian independence
was celebrated by the Meridianale Italian
Protective Society. No. 1000 North Sew
enth street. on Sunday. September 20.
The sons of Italy listened to speeches
in their native tongue and the music of
tneir native land. Amusements and games
peculiar to Italy followed
The St. Louis Republic., 1903-09-21
Railway construction.

Tracklaying has been completed on the
Brunswick and Birmingham from Bush.
nell to OciIla, Ga, eighteen and one-hair
miles. -
The Denver and Rio Grande will build
c,It-off from I.ittleton to Sedalia and an
other cutoff from Castle Rock to Monu-
ment.
The Gulf and Ship Island Railway mas
built eleven miles of track from Menuen-
hall to Silver Lake. Miss.
a survey will soon be made of the pro-
posed Memphis and Shreveport Railroad'
which is to extend from Memphis, Tenn-'
to Shreveport, La. go miles.
Tracklaying is being pushed on the Mis-
souri, Kansas and Oklahoma branch from
Falls to Guthrie, Ok.
Work is being pushed on the Mobile,
Jackson and Kansas City road, which ts
building an extension from Beaumont
north 10 Decatur. Miss. lO0 miles.
The St. Louis Republic., 1903-09-21
Hallway Conventions in 1903.

October Master Steam Boiler Makers
Association at Chicago.
October I3-Roadmasters and Mafnte-
nance of Way Association. at Kansas
City, Mo.
October I3-American Association OF
General Passenger and Ticket Agents. at
New Orleans. La
October 2O-Association Of Railway Su-
perintendents OF Bridges and Buildings,
at Quebec, Canada
october 2S-AIuerican Railway Associa-
ton. at Richmond. Va.
November 1l-American Association OF
Travelling Passenger Agents, at New Or
December Annual meeting American
Society of Mechanical Engineers, New
York City.
The St. Louis Republic., 1903-09-21

ham. c. NJ Graham and AurioI Lee and
the Misses Ruth Berkely. Minnie Griffin.
Georgette Serville and Josephine Harker.
The American tour of Mr.. Robertson
anu Miss Elliott will open at the Star
Thsater. Buffalo. September 2S. Their
Theater, will begin November g.
The St. Louis Republic., 1903-09-21

Returning tourists with nothing to
wear have only TO drop IN at BARR'S to
find the newest and best of the seasons
STYLES waiting for them. Come they even
from across the seas. Bars buyers. have
got here just ahead of them with the new
est. most chic of European modes. The
Fall season is on al Barr's great store
The St. Louis Republic., 1903-09-21
WASHINGTON UhIvERsITY
SCHOOL OF FINE ARTS.

Instruction In Drawing. Modelling. Paint
Decorative Design, Ceramic Painting and
Metal Work. First term. day classes.
yemher Students may enroll at any
time For terms and further information
apply at school oface. Nineteenth and Lo-
Gust streets. or address the Director.
The St. Louis Republic., 1903-09-21

and is called THE Parson and the Pugi-
list"
The St. Louis Republic., 1903-09-21

J. Fred Zimmerman of the firm OF Nix
on & Zimmerman was still another pas
senger He was enthusiastic in his praise
OF the Wagner operas as produced in
Munich. He hinted at a production which
he had talked of bringing over from
Vienna. but said he was not ready to
speak about the matter at present.
The St. Louis Republic., 1903-09-21
SPECIALTIES.

FUNERAL FLOWERS
And designs Of all kinds - wreaths, pillows
crosses etc. also artificial emblenns Loose Gu,
flowers Eden Floral Co. lbs Olive st
The St. Louis Republic., 1903-09-21

Miss Ada Rehan was also a passenger.
She brought back a pet King Charles
The St. Louis Republic., 1903-09-21

Augustus Thomas's new play, written
for Charles Frohman. was received by
him from Paris on Tuesday. Yesterday
Mr.. Frohmsn cabled Mr.. Thomas his ac-
ceptance of the play. notifying him to
reach New York for rehearsal before De-
cember /. 1t Is play of New York life
The St. Louis Republic., 1903-09-21

David Bispham returned from two
months tour on the Continent. He will
go on a concert tour through this country
and return to England next May
The St. Louis Republic., 1903-09-21

HADICAN-on September ea 1895 at i.s0 D.
m. officer Thomas J. dadican beloved son
of Martin ard Margaret HadicaI, dear brother
az Martin and Della Hadican- Funeral will
take place from the residence Of his aunt, Mrs
Jennie Collins. No. z3t3 Hickory street. Due
notice Of funeral later
The St. Louis Republic., 1903-09-21

GIBBONS-OE Sundya, September % 1905
et O'Clock p. m. Eliza Gibbons mother OF
George A. Gibbons and Mrs. Anna Bryan.
Funeral will take place Tuesday, September
q at p. m. from family residence No. 4sSs
Cote Brilliante avenue. to Beilefontaine Gene
terry. Friends are invited 10 attend
The St. Louis Republic., 1903-09-21

A dashing young Irishman will be the
role Richard Mansfield will essay next
year. It will be in The Garden of Lies"
a dramatization OF J. II. Forman's novel
of that name. The character Is Dennis
Mallory. Contracts for the play were
signed yesterday.
The St. Louis Republic., 1903-09-21

STEVENS = Sunday. September So 1914 al
7:Si D.. m, William Copper Stevens. aged a.
ytass. Notice of the funeral viii be given later.
fh.l=,ieiph.n pzpers please copy.
The St. Louis Republic., 1903-09-21

BTRNE-Entered into rest Sunday Septem-
her - 1908. at $50. Catherine g Byrne, In her
elghty-hrst year Funeral from family resi-
dence. No. 12l4 st. Ange avenue. Tuesday, Sep
tember .. at 10 O'Clock. to Church OF the Holy
Angels, thence TO Calvary Cemetery. Interment
private.
The St. Louis Republic., 1903-09-21
SCHOOLS.
THE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL, fof Boys

Episcopal: established 1874. Boarding and day
school for girls. Reopens D. v. september .:
1so3. Apply 20 SISTER SUPERIOR. 1sef-fs15
The St. Louis Republic., 1903-09-21

Il am ready now for work said Miss
Rehan. This season / star with Otis
Skinner under Leber & Co.'S manage
ment. We shall open our season at At
lantic City on October 10. After that We
go for a tour, through the South end
West. We shall play The Tanning of the
Shrew. The Merchant of Venice and
The St. Louis Republic., 1903-09-21

TRIMBLE-Entered into rest after I,nger-
Gsss West Belle. Mrs. Nancy TTirlble. aged q
sears and months. beloved mother Of George
~ Tr.rutie ard Mrs. g. p Shaw Internert
n louisiana. No. Tuesday afternoon.
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1903-04-21
Not Day Nursery Child.

AS there has been a report that one of
the children from the Day Nursery had
run away and had been picked up by
driver and taken back, the true facts in
the case are given as follows: On
Thursday little girl about five years
old, bareheaded and clad in checked
apron, was found on West Morgan street.
A lady heard her crying and went out to
her. Three little boys We're with her try
ing to find where her home was so as to
take her there. The child had become
so frightened she did not know which
way to go, and was crying so she could
not tell her name. This lady knowing the
Nursery children wore checked aprons
and as she was found near there, natur-
ally supposed there was the place to send
her. A driver passing offered to take the
child. The lady Immediately 'phoned one
of the board of managers what she had
done. This lady went at once and found
it was none of the Nursery children, but
a little girl from near the Baptist Tab
ernacle. The telephone was used to the
police station to notify them that lost
child wa sbeing kept at the Nursery I'M
til his home could be located This was
soon done, for her father came and car
ried her home.
Here, by the way. is another use for
sery IT is the best place of all to send
any lost child until its parents can be
found.
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1903-04-21
IT MEANS Sl25,OOO
SAVED,
Com. Young Says That is
What insurance Rate Re-
duCtiOn Amounts to.

Insurance Commissioner James r.
Young was asked yesterday by a News
and Observer reporter what the recent
reduction of Is per cent on the rates
for fire insurance risks in North Caro-
lima would amount to.
at will amount" said Mr.. Young, "to
a reduction of from so cents to $3.50 a
thousand on all mercantile risks in the
State.
THE total reduction; that is, the ag-
gregate amount gained on all mercantile
insurance throughout the State, will be
between thirty and forty thousand dol
lars.
There will be some reduction also on
special hazards" continued Mr.. Young,
''and altogether that will make the re-
duction on preferred business and mer-
camille business combined about $125,000.
THAT means that IL we were to issue
the coming year the same amount of in
surance that we issued last year, we
would pay $125,G00 more on it than we
will now pay, provided we were paying
on the same basis as the other States. :"
This reduction in fire insurance rates
for North Carolina is a result of the
efforts of our Insurance Commissioners,
and is a recognition of our effective in
surance laws as compared with those
of other Southern States.