davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1903-04-14

above the average. Have all the ear
ly pullets you can for winter layers.
In growing young chicks it is quite
necessary to mix considerable good
common sense and judgment in with
their care and feeding. Many are
quite too apt to coddle and care for
them in ways not beneficial, and to
neglect the most important demands
OF nature. Protecting them from
cold and damp is quite necessary;
but this does not mean that they
must be shut up on board floors, or
that they must be kept by the fire.
What they need is a dry, comfortable
place to go into out of the wet and
damp. Shade and hot sun is quite as
necessary in summer.
Your young chicks are quite sure
to have bowel trouble. Much of this
will come from bad feeding,-wet,
sloppy food is almost certain to cause
it. Corn meal mixed with cold wa
ter, and fed too wet, is sure to cause
it. Sour milk,-sour food of any
kind may it, as will a continu-
Gus supply of over-rich food of any
kind. Anything that causes indiges-
ton will bring on bowel trouble.
Damp and cold create a condition
that produces it. All these may be
avoided if you will have it so; in
fact, much of all troubles that we
have with our fowls and chicks is the
outcome of neglect and careless
methods.
We note, so far, better results from
early matches than for the past two
years. It is to be hoped that climatic
may lend their aid in all
directions the coming season. So
far, the hatch. in England has been
quite satisfactory, as it has been
here in the Southern States. "Bet-
ter than usual" is the report from
lower Jersey and eastern New York.
The Northern and Western States do
not hatch many chicks prior to April,
out such reports as we have indicate
success than last season. Tu-
Ups and other early bulbs are ten
ahead of last spring about New
York City. This would indicate an
Early spring.-Albany Country Gen
,leman.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1903-04-14

possible to get a large tree near at
hand and with a ball of two or three
bushels of earth clinging to the
roots. This is very easily done if
the tree grows in clay soil.
In transplanting trees, and espe-
cialiy wild forest trees, it is only a
reasonable procedure to cut back the
branches very severely. The main
lateral roots of most trees will ex-
tend out from the trunk approx
mately as far as the height of the
trees, and when transplanted proba-
bly, at least 80 per cent of the root
system of any tree must be cut off.
The more severely, then, the top is
cut back to balance this root prun-
ing the better chance the tree will
have of living and making good first
years growth. Especially is severe
top cutting desirable if there is any
likelihood of the tree striking a
drouth during it's first or second
year.
In planting out Or transplanting
trees, unless a ball Of earth is re-
moved with the roots, there is no bet
ter method than to sift in sand
around the roots. Unless the soil is
very light and friable there will like
ly be air spaces around the roots
which will cause them to wither and
die. Of course if the soil can be
hydrauliced there will be no air
spaces but on the other hand roots
sometimes rot in closely packed
heavy soil, which they never do in
sand. Moist sand seems particularly
adapted to the starting of the little
roOtlets.
Little gullies around the farm, and
even big ones, if a little more time
is allowed, can be cured very readily
with cedar-brush. Simply throw
small pieces of brush into a washout,
with the top of the brush pointing
uphill. The thick branches of the
cedar will catch and hold the dirt as
it is washed down. AS the dirt COW
ers the brush of course other pieces
of brush will have to be thrown in,
until the gully is finally level. Nature
can thus be made to do a large
amount of shoveling.
X X X
Farmers do not appear to realize
the value of the Farmers Bulletins
issued by the Department of Agricul-
ture. The Department employs some
of the best scientific agriculturists
in the country and pays them good
salaries. They have at their com
mand an extensive library of refer
ences and experiments and ample
practical facilities for getting down
to the facts regarding any subject
which may be investigated. Based
they can learn from ample
study and with the entire machinery
Of the great Department Of Agricul-
their command they prepare
the best description they can on the
growth of some particular plant, or
he care and management of farm
Some particular bulletin
may be the result of a number of
vears of experiment and study by sew
,ral people, eminent in their line, and
would cost any private publisher hun,
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1903-04-14
Easy SCIENCE STUDIES FOR
FARMERS.
Wow Soil Was Made.

FdlLANA
IN taking up the subject of soils
;4b . view to classifying them ac-
.ordinp to their physical character
;.+;cs. as promised last week, we
And that to properly handle this mat
- from a "how" standpoint, it is
rooossarv to go way back in geo.
Ioric history and sit down, fgura-
+;roIv speaking, on the barren rocks
rbicb form the earth's crust and out
e which soils have been made. A
lecture on the science of geology,
ubicb treats of the formation and
structure of the globe would be much
foo large a mouthful for us to under
take in this connection, although it
i one of the most fascinating studies
the Investigator a pursue. A lit
tie knowledge of geology is neces-
sarv, however. if we are to under
stand the nature of soils, and as ag-
r~iculture is so closely related to this
topic that farmers are sometimes
called sons Of the soil, we consider
it of sufficient Importance to devote
little space to the early history of
the rocks which compose the earth's
surface.
If you will observe the sides of a
deep railway cut, you will notice that
at the top the grass is growing in a
thin layer of dark colored soil; be-
low this Will be layers of clay or
gravel and below this layers of lime
stone or sandstone, or some other
kind of rocks. The earth as far down
as We have been able to dig or bore
Is made of layers-strata they are
snetimes called-one on top of the
other, like those of an onion.
live could peel the rocky layers off
from the earth's surface and get at
The core. We would doubtless be
very much surprised, because we do
not know what the centre of the
earth Is lie. Some have guessed that
was molten and others have sup
Posed it to be solid rock, while still
another spccuIator has almost proved
~' theory that there is a hollow
S.aee at the centre caused by the
@D.ractIon Of the molten mass
".'A was very likely the earth's
s'.ler stage, it being supposed that
>'n1 and the earth in turn threw
another hot bubble which is our
looA. The moon being small. has
go"n cold and is quite dead indeed.
NC earth has probably lost it's origi-
neat and now depends for warmth
'' lis parent, the sun, which still
,rI0> III glory as the centre of the
oLar system.
,o'y'er interesting all these spec
.0Ns may be. We Go know that the
make Hp the carth's crust in
n'"cf layers, each of which has a
and peculiar characteristics,
matter In r-E.
The San Francisco call., 1903-12-19
ENJOY CHRISTMAS TREES.
Children of Golden Gate kindergarten
Association Exchange Presents.

The Golden Gate kindergarten Asso-
cations little scholars have enjoyed
holiday exercises this week, and have
been the recipients of Christmas boxes.
What is more and of greater import
ance is the pleasant fact that the little
ones have given presents to their par
ents and to the directors and teachers
of the kindergartens, wrought by their
own tiny hands.
Each kindergarten has had its
Christmas tree and the presents of the
children have been purchased from do
nations contributed specially for the
purpose by the generous supporters of
the juvenile organizations. All told
there are about 1OG0 children attending
the kindergartens.
The directors and officers were much
delighted at the exercises, as they
heard the songs and the recitations
and noted how neatly each Of the 1000
little ones was attired and the excellent
department in all instances
Those of the very admirable organiza-
tions which have had their children's
yuletide feast Of fun and frolic are:
Stanford Memorial Free Kinderearten No
1872 Mason street whose principal is Miss
Collymore: Stanford No. ?, 1882 TWENTY
fourth street which is under the direction IF
Miss Ada Z. Moore. Stanford No. s. 457 Ninth
street Miss Celia DAILY principal. stanford
No T. 2Ss0 Sixteenth street Miss Mary : Nc
Cormick. principal; stanford No ). 323s Mis-
sion street Miss Maude Lissak pTfncipsi.
Hearst Free Kindergarten, No. l. 500 linton
street Miss Cora B. Griffin princtnaI.
Hearst No o SEQ Union street
Miss Frances Anne Field. PRINCIPAL:
Hearst No 3. SEQ Union street. Miss GifaTd
principal: Hearst No. 4. $50 Union street. Miss
Ebba johnson, principal: Hearst No 3 5eO
Union street Miss Mabel Reed princlpsf:
J. Sheldon Lux-Potter Free Kindergarten 40
1 and No. , 1C6 West Mission street Mrs
Alexena Roberts, principal; Merchants Ex-
change Free Kindergarten corner Of Seven
teenth and Noe streets Miss Corinne CivIe.
principal: Lester Norris Memorial Free Kinder
carten 1887 Pacific street, Miss Gertrude
Hussey principal: Pope Free Kindergarten 221
Ninth street Miss Anna Angel. principal: Two
Friends Free Kindergarten, 1918 Folsom
street Miss Gertrude Thompson principal: T.
Fuller Shattuck Jr Memorial Free Kinder
garten log West Mission street Miss Xena
Roberts principal: Emily p Walker Memo
rial Free kindergarten. 221 Ninth street Miss
Anna Angel, principal; Osgood and Grace
Bradley Memorial Free kindergarten and j.
{ Wilrnerdlng Memorial Free Kindergarten.
934 Harrison street, Miss Helen T. Bacon.
The San Francisco call., 1903-12-19
ATTORNEY GENERAL WEBB
GIVES IMPORTANT OPINION
Informs Board of Railroad Commits
sioners 1t Has No Jurisdiction
Over Stage Roads.

Attorney General Webb, in response
TO an inquiry from the Board of Rail-
road Commissioners. has rendered an
opinion TO the effect that the board
has no Jurisdiction over stage roads
In support of his opinion Attorney
General Webb quotes section IA of the
act of the Legislature organizing the
board and defining its powers, which
reads:
The term transportation COM
panies' shall be deemed TO mean and
include: First-An companies owning
and operating railroads (other than
street railroads) within this State;
second-aE companies owning and
operating steamships engaged in the
transportation Of freight or passen-
gers from and to ports within this
State: third-all companies owning
and operating steamboats, used in
transporting freight or passengers
upon the rivers or inland .aters of
this State"
The San Francisco call., 1903-12-19
DIR. Nieto,s Interesting Sermon.

The Rev. DR.. Nieto delivered a pro-
found sermon at Congregation Sheriff.
Israel last night. DR.. Nieto said the
Jews had upheld tie spiritual idea be-
fore the whole world and that the
spiritual is yet to come, but could not
be won by armaments, or by cannon,
but only through and by the soul. He
asked who more than the Jew had
gone forth in the cause of charity?
And, he said, had not the Jew been
handed over to the infuriated popu-
lace TO murder? Had not the Jew
been handed over as the sacrifice, and
had he not been blamed for every
body's sins. He asked who more than
the Jew had suffered in this world, yet
who more than he was entitled to be
called the servant of the Lord? Chris
tianity. he said, accepted their Bible
and Christianity was founded upon it.
The San Francisco call., 1903-12-19
MARK WOULD
Be PRINCIP AL
RumOr That He VIII Quit
Board if He Can Succeed
Brooks in Girls High School
TWO CANDIDATES IN LINE
Miss Rose Thayer of Chinese
Primary Soon to Sever Her
Connection With Department.

A rumor was revived around the City
Hall yesterday that School Director
Mark intended to resign from his Of
fee if he can make sure OF appoint
ment by the Board OF Education to
the principalship of the Girls High
School. from which Professor Elisha
Brooks desires to retire. The wise ones
further say that either D. j. Oliver Jr
or Albert Armstrong is slated by May
or Schmitz for appointment to the va
cancy created by Marks probable res
ignation- Oliver is an official in the
Order of Woodmen, while Armstrong is
head Of classics in the Mission High
School
Mayor Schmitz said. when asked as
TO the rumor, that he had not heard
Of Marks prospective resignation, nor
had he considered Oliver or Armstrong
as candidates for a School Director
ship Mark himself laughed at the idea
Of his rumored intention.
The opinion, however, strongly pre-
vailed around the Offices Of the School
Board that if arrangements could be
made for Mark to succeed Brooks as
principal of the Girls High School
both would resign their respective po-
sitiOns to consummate the deal. Brooks
stated a month ago that he had no
immediate intention of resigning. 1t
was said then that Mark wanted the
place. 1t is believed that Brooks will
not sever his connection with the School
Department before the end Of the school
term next June.
There viii be another vacant princi-
palship TO fill as soon as Miss Rose
Thayer, at present principal of the
Chinese Primary School, carries out her
announced intention to resign her po-
sition in the department. Miss Thayer
contemplates an Eastern trip. and her
friends hint that she will extend ii TO
the matrimonial state.
Among the applicants for the prin-
cipalship are Miss NJ. V. Arnold and
Miss ]. z. Greer teachers in the Chi
nese Primary School; Miss Martha Gal
loway. teacher in the Cooper Primary;
Mrs F Quinlan, teacher in the Ere
mont Primary. and Miss Agnes Nc
Laughlin. teacher in the Jefferson Pri-
mary. The appointment will not be
made until Miss Thayer has actually
resigned. which she may not do until
next month.
The San Francisco call., 1903-12-19
Erwln's SUCCESSFUL LECTURE.

James W. Erwin delivered another
Of the series Of his illustrated lectures
before the members of the California
Camera Club and their friends last
night at the Alhambra Theater. Not
withstanding the rain the house was
filed and the lecture, which was de-
lightfully descriptive, and the stereop-
ticon views won the highest admira-
ton and applause. During the inter-
mission the Hawaiian Quintet rem
dered several specially selected songs
Of the islands. One of the numbers,
Aloha Oe." composed by Queen
Lilluokalani, was encored.
The San Francisco call., 1903-12-19
YOUNG GIRLS GRADUATE.
Seventeen Pupils of st. Mary's Cathe-
draI Receive Their Diplomas.

Seventeen Pupils of st. Mary's Cathe-
draI Receive Their Diplomas.
The Sunday school festival and
graduating exercises OF st. Mary's
Cathedral were held Thursday night at
Lyric Hall. The hall was crowded
and an excellent programme was ron-
dered. Seventeen young ladies re-
ceived their diplomas. They were
Miss Margaret Reilly. Miss Gertrude
WinthrOpe Miss Isabella Mcdonald.
Miss Kathleen HOrgan. Miss Amy
Buckley. Miss Mary Sands. Miss Cert
rude TautDhaus, Miss Kathleen Stack,
Miss Nellie Richards, Miss Mary Mur-
ray, Miss Constance Rosettis Miss
Olive Henernan. Miss Katie Kelly,
Miss Katie Mann. Miss Rita Coleman.
Miss Adele Henry and Miss Lillian
O'Connor.
Miss Mary Sands was the valedie-
tOrian.
The San Francisco call., 1903-12-19
Christmas Gifts for Leper Boy.

The first installment Of Christmas
gifts for Lucien Coullin. the little
leper boy. now at the Twenty-sixth-
street Hospital. arrived yesterday at
the Health Office. Every year charIt-
ably disposed people gladden. the heart
Of the unfortunate leper by presenting
him with little tokens, for which he is
deeply grateful.
The San Francisco call., 1903-12-19

lecture and they we're accompanied BY
invited friends. A luncheon was given
to a class of eight graduating students
by their companions and a very pleas
ant afternoon was spent.
The faculty Of the school was in
vited to be present at the ADDRESS OF
Miss PeixOtO To-day the Atalanta
Athletic Club OF the Girls High School
will hold their jinks. which will be
strictly private.
The San Francisco call., 1903-12-19
Rain Falls North OF Tehachapi.

The rainfall was general in North
ern California yesterday, but there
was no sign OF the nseded showers in
the south. In San Francisco the rain
fall was SO OF an inch and in Red
Bluff IS Of an inch 1t is predicted
by Forecaster Meade that the wealth
er will be showery to-day north %
Tehachapi.
The San Francisco call., 1903-12-19

principal.
Among those who took an active il
terest at the Hearst Kindergarte-
yesterday morning were:
Miss Clara Fitch. Miss Mary Brown =
Louis Sloss. Mrs. Louisa Greenwald, Mrs. Leo
Sloss, Miss Mary Weygant, Mrs. G. Frieje
mann. Mrs. W. Wright, Mrs. Norris DAVIS
Mrs. Silas Palmer Mrs. A. B. Field. Mrs. Z
a. Cunningham. Mrs. J. Burke. Mrs. E 81
ferguson. Mrs z. r. Berges. Miss Anna L
Angel and Miss Anna NJ Stovall
The San Francisco call., 1903-12-19
Excursion Rates TO Sunny Paso Ro-
hles

During the holidays the Southern Pacific
will sell roundtrio tickets 20 Paso Robles for
only s. 20 thus placing IL within reach OF all
10 rass Christmas and New Years al perhaps
the most delightful place in California. Pure
mountain air. glorious sunshine. hot baths OF
medicinal water CT mud. finest drives in tbs
state through scenery unsurpassed. and Hotel
FL Paso Robes with its faultless service and
cusine. combine 70 make your visit most en-
joyabie Fuls information Of ticket agents
The San Francisco call., 1903-12-19

ton Of medals, Dr.. ". B Howard; salute 10
the flag; -star-spangled Banner
The music was under the direction Of
Miss E. n. Booth.
Following is the list of honorary
graduates of NJ. E. Casey's class:
George Tanning. Carrie NJ Bair. Anna n
julia /. Greninger, Rose DIsgfdson. Grace f.
Monteh. May h Montgomery and Ethel y.
Wiggin.
Other graduates Of Mr.. Casey's class
were:
Lettie NJ. Belt Gertrude $. Binet. Ella May
Crowhurst. Juanita L Eckstein. Clarira NJ.
Game. Grace M- GarthOrne. Irene E Grady.
Irene Pearl Kitch. Annie Z Mitchell Matte
/ Moore, Ella n Mulhaupt. Elva N Mclean.
Ethel NJ OConnor. Lille G Oehlman. Mabel
O'Reilly Camilla l. SOuthard- Percy E. Arm
strong. Wallace c. Collins. Carleton K Cook.
Fred R Hadlsy. Amos Heister Gail c. Larkiu,
standish L. Mitchell william DeK. Smith Ed
ward F. Sullivan and Lyman G. Thompson.
The honorary graduates of Miss
O'Loughlen's class were:
Ethel Heffernan. Margaret Kuabsnschuh
Marguerite Mahoney. Mabel Mcdonnell. Enid
Root. Annie Hurley. Philip Eldridge. Harold
Percival and William OrtOn.
Other graduates of Miss O'Loughlen's
class were:
Eda Halbretter. Edna HoadIey. Irene Hoad-
ley. Hazel Jones. Rose KOchsndo-fer. Julia
Monson Lily beile ah0seoacl- AnIie N0rtn.
Hazel Ostrarder Becky Sterling. Emma VIII
lams. Frances Lange. Annette Smith. Camille
Besudet Raymond Bowley. Prosper Forest
Harry GunnisOn Eugene Hawley. Alfred Hous
Carl Riedy Howard Van Orden.
CELEBRATE AT GIRLS HIGH.
The students Of the Girls High
School signalized the closing Of the
haIf-yearly term yesterday by listen
ing to an address by Miss Jessica Peix-
otto. who was specially invited TO
speak to the scholars.
Miss Peixotto delivered an interest
ing address on Russia" which she
visited recently. She dwelt on the
home life of the educated classes and
the methods Of living and the treat
ment of servants.
More than 500 students attended the
The San Francisco call., 1903-12-19
BUYERS of Christmas Presents

Should visit Andrews Diamond Palace.
221 Montgomery st. under Russ House
and see large stock of diamonds. watches
& jeWelry at lowest prices. Open evgs.
The San Francisco call., 1903-12-19

The Palais de Costume at the st.
Louis fair will show the dress cos
tunes. house furnishings and, to
certain extent. the manners of various
periods in the history of man.
The San Francisco call., 1903-12-19

We are selling agents for fountain
pens that will fit your hand; cost from
81 90 to $500 each Sanborn, Vail & Co.
741 Market street.
The San Francisco call., 1903-12-19
Give Her a Kodak.

We carry complete stock of them
Every instrument guaranteed. Kirk
Geary & Co. 112 Geary street.
The San Francisco call., 1903-12-19

1VE-h choice German song aha with
words az scholarly appreciation the
one h-nIreGtn anniversary Of the
death of The creat German writer. Jo-
ham Gottfr.ei Herder. was observed
ia this city LAST evening. Prominent
German Americans We're in attendance.
The observance took on the customary ~
form. NJ "a banquet with speeches. The
programme was enlivened by songs Of
German composers. some Of which were
ser t0 the words CT the poet Herder
he event took place IN the rooms Of
the Merchants Club.
All over the world. last evening.
wherever there is q German city or
German colony or any considerable
number Of erudite Germans. similar
exercises occurred. The illustriOUs
Herder shared the fate Of nyriads OF
great men who have attempted 10 do
something beyond the common under
standing. AT first he was neglected.
Eis writings were considered 70 be
merely eDhemeraL Later the great
Goethe. the author OF Faust" the
German Shakespeare, was proud 10
mention that he had been q disciple OF
Eerder. The scope Of Herder's mind
became apparent after q time. He was
the son Of poor parents. Poverty and
adverse circumstances early drove him
10 intrOspection and 70 solitary com
mIrion with nature. and thus favored
a more than propOrtiOnate development
n the sentimental and poetic side OF
his mind.
Ee became renowned al poet. as q
neraphysiciar. as a speculative phil
os0pher. and has been credited by some
with being the originator Of the theory
of evolution. From this brief reference
it VIII be seen that his appeal TO the
consideration Of p0sterirv IS based prin-
CipaLy upon broad German scholar
shin. Naturally enough the leaders in
cCmmemCrating his memory all over
the world yesterday were the studious
The san Francisco celebration Origi-
mated with Professor Julius Goebel OF
Stanford University He early found
active cooperation on the part Of
Charles Buudschu of this city. A vol
U1tary committee undertook the task
Cf organizing 2 Herder celebration. z.
W Dohruann. one OF the regents Of
-te University Of California. was Sc
leetei % preside as roastnaster. The
university men were strongly repre-
ssuted. as win appear from the list Of
those who were invited 10 take part.
This list included President David
S-err Jordan and President Wheeler.
and long array. OF professors and per
sors known In public life The list IS
as follows
The San Francisco call., 1903-12-19
HORACE MANN SCHOOL.

The graduating exercises of the Hor-
ace Mann Grammar School were held
yesterday. The following programme
was rendered:
Opening chorus. Praise Ye the Father !;
recitation The Two Roads, Prosper Forest;
class song, .'Our Country: composition, His
tory OF Our School. Standish Mitchell; piano
duet ''Sunfower Dance" E. Halbritter. E
Heffernan; class song. Birds of Spring reci-
tatfon a Complaint" Anna Braese: vocal
duet. Mitchell and Robert Sachs; recitation.
Character of Eloduence.' - George flaming;
vocal duet. Prosper Forest. Howard Van Orden:
distribution of diplomas. Rev. DR.. Simmons;
vocal quartet. Grace Garthorne. NJ. Knaben-
schuh. Edna Hoadley, Irene Hoadley; distribu-
The San Francisco call., 1903-12-19
EVERETT SCHOOL CLOSES.

The closing exercises of the gradu-
ating class of the Everett Grammar
School were held yesterday afternoon.
when the following pupils received di-
plomas:
William Ruegg Edna Wollweber, James Ar
mott, Alfred Bonner. Alice Holland. Gertrude
Wilhelm Ellen Gustafson, Esther Helm Leola
Sullivan, May Hallahan. Park Bovyer. Hazel
jenkins. Margaret Stewart and Herbert Scott
The Bridge medal was awarded to
William Ruegg and the Denman medal
to Edna Wollweber.
The following programme was accept
ably rendered by the pupils:
.Old Flag Forever. song by class; piano
solo May HaIlahan; violin solo. Esther Helm.
ACCOMPANIED by Alice Holland: recitation,
Ellen Gustafson: class song: piano solo. Mar
gtterite Mcpherson: recitation, Emma Baillie;
rfano solo Marraret
The San Francisco call., 1903-12-19
GERMAN CITIZENS HONOR
MEMORY OF POET HERDER

Admirers Of Famous Author Pay Tribute of Their
Love and Respect to Genius of Illustrious
Writer of Folklore Stories and Verse