davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Tonopah bonanza. [volume] (Butler City [i.e. Butler], Nev.) 1901-1909, 1903-11-14

The electric light company would
greatly please the public by beginning
operations about an hour earlier
each evening. Its failure to do this
may represent a small economy to
the company, but it is exceedingly
inconvenient TO its patrons who are
forced to make fully an hours use
of lamps each night while paying for
electricity.
Tonopah bonanza. [volume] (Butler City [i.e. Butler], Nev.) 1901-1909, 1903-11-14
DISCOVERS TOES
OF PETRIFIED MAN
COIehan BroadenS Horizon
OF Science
Distinguished Naturalist Makes Won.
derfnl Discovery At Gold
Mountain.

Anthropologist Thomas Colehan
called at the office of the BONANZA
while in the city last Thursday, for
the purpose OF showing two petrified
toes which he had discovered while
working on his claims in Gold Noun
tain. The wonderful find was made
on the west side of the mountain in a
cave, the crude mural decorat ions of
which seem TO give weight to the
theory that it was once the habita-
ton of primeval man. The toes, Mr..
Colehan explained we're found about
two feet under the surface of the
ground just above the hard forma-
ton. Mr. Colehan said that he had
forgotten to bring the wonderful
discovery in with him, but would do
so on his very next trip to the city
He, nevertheless, gave an interesting
description of what he considers a
most unusual phenomenon.
Being erudite in matters anthrop-
illogical" he said, 81 feel entirely
qualified to dissertate upon the scien-
tiic significance of the wonderful
discovery have made. The toes are
the great toe and its next door
neignbor on the right foot. We are
confident that we will locate the rest
Of the pre- adamite individuals per-
son somewhere in this cave, and as a
consequence | have suspended all
work on the claims and set two shifts
to excavating in the cave.
Fertilization, con tinued PROBES
sor Colehan, lis the antithesis Of
putritica ton The one is a solidiying
process by which the outward form
of living organism is perpetuated
in stone, while the other is dissou-
ton of the organism into its constitu-
ent parts by means of what is com
monty called decay. The former
phenomenon is to be found only in
the most arid regions. 1t can only
be accomplished through the slow
process of the ages, and as the man
whose toes now belong to me must
have lived millions of years ago, it
would seem that the chief use of
the phenomenon Of petrification is to
severely jolt those who still believe
literally in the Mosaic account of the
creation.
Mr.. Colehan states further that it
is his intention to send the toes to
the st. Louis exposition and that, in
obedience to many telegraphic re-
quests, he is now preparing for a
number of scientific publications a
series of articles setting forth his
own conception of the age of the
earth together with a condensed his
tory of pre- historic man.
1t will be remembered that Mr..
Colehan is one of the thirty-three
living members of the Society of Mo
manned Khan. He is its only rep
Tonopah bonanza. [volume] (Butler City [i.e. Butler], Nev.) 1901-1909, 1903-11-14

A story is told on Congressman
Van Duzer which, although we seri-
ously doubt, we nevertheless print.
1t is said that, in an argument with
some of his constituents they com
planned that the low price of silver
was a detriment When the con.
gresham promised to have the same
remedied, someone suggested that it
was impossible as silver's price was
controlled by the law of supply and
demand. "We will repeal the law OF
supply and demand" the congress
man said, or rather, is said to have
said.
Tonopah bonanza. [volume] (Butler City [i.e. Butler], Nev.) 1901-1909, 1903-11-14
SAMUEL PARKS.

The sentence of Samuel Parks,
walking delegate, to two years i'm
prisonment in Sing Sing represents a
swift triumph of justice. 1t was
clearly established that he had used
his position with the labor unions for
the purpose of eXtorting money from
employers. Abuse of power, how
ever, is no more of a crime in the
ranks of organized labor than in the
strongholds of capital, but the re
markable thing about the conviction
OF Parks is the farewell statement
which he made to the New York
newspapers. Elsewhere in these
columns his statement appears in
full. He openly declares that the
practices for which he was sentenced
are common to labor unionism, and
the only logical move of the unions is
to denounce Parks and refute his
statement. Should they fail to do
this, they tacitly admit the truth of
his tons, and it is therefore to
be hoped, for their own sakes, that
they will completely repudiate this
eXtOrtionist and all that he has said
and done.
Tonopah bonanza. [volume] (Butler City [i.e. Butler], Nev.) 1901-1909, 1903-11-14

During the Spanish American war,
one of the most remarkable dis
patches sent from the field of action
was the following, received by the
st. Louis Globe Democrat: General
Shafter struck in the abdomen by a
thirteen-inch shell. The surgeons
are probing for it and report that
the generals condition is not serious. "
Tonopah bonanza. [volume] (Butler City [i.e. Butler], Nev.) 1901-1909, 1903-11-14

And still the ship trust swindle
continues to deepen. After the trial
is over, perhaps the highest ideal of
Wall street trust magnate will be
to keep out OF jail.
Tonopah bonanza. [volume] (Butler City [i.e. Butler], Nev.) 1901-1909, 1903-11-14
LARGEST CIRCULATION IN TONOPAH

There is only difference of one
letter in the spelling of Columbia and
Colombia, but other differences are
becoming apparent.
Tonopah bonanza. [volume] (Butler City [i.e. Butler], Nev.) 1901-1909, 1903-11-14

The recent prominence of Goldfield
makes the origin of its former name,
Grandpa, of interest This was
originally Grandapa, to conform in
sound and accent to Tonopah, but
the middle syllable was dropped and
then the miners meeting changed
the name to Goldfeld.
Tonopah bonanza. [volume] (Butler City [i.e. Butler], Nev.) 1901-1909, 1903-11-14

1t would seem superfuous to say
more regarding the reduction works
since the definite and committal
statements published by our contem-
porary last week.
Tonopah bonanza. [volume] (Butler City [i.e. Butler], Nev.) 1901-1909, 1903-11-14

An eastern exchange figures that
the average age Of the United States
senate members is tifty-six. Accord
ing to last reports, several of these
boys are still unmarried.
Tonopah bonanza. [volume] (Butler City [i.e. Butler], Nev.) 1901-1909, 1903-11-14
NOTICE TO TAXPAYERS.

A RRANGEMENTS HAVE BEEN MADE
"A whereby residents OF Tonopah and vicinity
may pay their taxes through the Nye County
Bank Of TOnopah
r. f. GILBERT
Treasurer Nye Comfy, New.
Tonopah bonanza. [volume] (Butler City [i.e. Butler], Nev.) 1901-1909, 1903-11-14

The New York legislature contem-
plates bill making strikes and lock-
outs penal offenses, and incident ally
providing board of arbitration to
adjust all differences between en-
ployer and employee. The considera-
ton of the question is timely, but it
is to be doubted whether such mega
tive legislation will do otherwise than
aggravate matters.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-02-03
MINES AND MINING

-~~~~~~~N~~0~~-~~> ~~~~~~~~-~>~O0-~>c~~>~
so PER CENT EARNED ANNUALLY; ZINC
ore vein 90 feet deep; need money and will sell
a few shares Write for details. VIM. II.
Leavitt, Southeast Minneapolis E. .... ....-
SEND $40 FOR 200 SHARES NoN-AssEss.
able AngIo-Saxon mines $50 feet more cuts
famous lode. when shipments Will be resumed :
dividends soon follow. c. l.. Bauman, 51I
Andrus, Minneapolis. Established 1897.
BUY STOCK IN THE COLUMBUS CONSOLE
dated Gold Mining Co.. of Lead, s. d. This
property adions the famous Homestake and
Hidden Fortune mines and has the same de-
yeloped ore bodies and T5-ton cyanide plant
under operation. For full particulars and
prospectus, address John G. Mccarthy. fiscal
agent, Aberdeen. S. D., care Ward Hotel
FOR sALE-5oo SHARES ARIZONA COPPER
Mountain Mining Co. stock, zoe per share. 1876,
s. Journal. -. - l..t. :
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-02-03
CUTLERY GRINDING

RAZoRs, RAZoRs-Is YOURS DULLs YER.
beck the Grinder knows how to sharpen them.
Mail it. Eli 18th st 8.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-02-03
COWS, DOGS, POULTRY, ETC.

>~I~~-~~>~~~~~~
FOR SALE-FRESH MULCH cow AND CALF
a good mixer. kind and gentle: price $50. Fred
Eustis. No. 5107 4th st Sc. Minneapolis.
FOR sALE-TWO YOUNG FAMILY COWS,
giving IL quarts per day each; $50 and $3S
each or trade for horses 1910 Chicago az.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-02-03
DETECTIVE BUREAUS

BAXTER DETECTIVE AGENCY, ESTAB-
Eshed 1890. A general detective business
transacted for corporal lions and individuals.
Skilled agents sent to all points; city ref.
ezsnces. 615 Temple Court, Minneapolis.
N1nD
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-02-03
BOARD AND ROOM

LARGE. HANDSOMELY FURNISHED FRONT
ROOM suitable for three. also side room, with
good board. 922 9th av S. n. w. phone.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-02-03
CLAIRV0YANTs

DR.. CLAYMoNT, WONDERFUL CLAIRvOY-
ant, magnetic healer. palmist % 9TH st s.
JOSEPHINE MARVIN, THE RENOWNED
clairvoyant and palmist, gives information on
business speculation, Investments. love. mar
riage and divorce; reveals everything; predic-
lions infallible. 10 7th st S.
HELENAR-sPIRITUAL, BUSINESS MEDIUM
and life reader; consult her on all business
affairs; love, troubles. absent friends; she
has no equal. "A 7th st S.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-02-03
PATENT ATTORNEY

WILLIAMSON & MERCHANT, Patent Lawyers
i and solicitors. Main office 929-935 Guaranty
1 building, Minneapolis. MINI. Branch office,
So McGill building, Washington d. G.
PATENTs-PRoTECT YOUR IDEAS. NO AL
Iowance; no fee. Consultation free. Estal,-
lshed 1864 Milo &. Stevens & Co., S6l 14th
st, Washington.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-02-03
MOVING

SAFES, BOILERS AND HEAVY MACHINERY
moved household goods moved and stored or
packed for shipment by expert packers. Col
Boyd Transfer and Storage Co., 4e S Sd St
THE M P. D. DELIVERS PACKAGES IN CITY
1oc; ST. Paul 1Jc. 6l9 9TH av 5; both tells, 1903.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-02-03
MEDICAL


GEORGE McLAIN, NJ. D. G. M,
Specialist
Eye Ear. Throat and Nose. Rooms s and 9,
Syndicate block, first floor, over Plymouth
Clothing House. Minneapolis, Mimi.
LADIES IN DOUBT, PLEASE CALL OR WRITE
DR.. BLY,. Az Nc. av, Sd floor. New book. 25c.
PILEs-DR. H WAITE, IS YEARS SPECIAL.
list. cures every case. Write for pamphlet,
mailed free. 1919 Hawthorn av, Minneapolis.
FLUELLA G. MCKAY, Is
Electricity, Swedish movement cure, alcohol,
vapor, sweats for chronic and nervous diseases,
rheumatism. etc. 905 Northwestern building,
800 Hennepin.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-02-03
INSTRUCTION

~-~~~~~-~~>~~~~-~~~~>
A TEACHER OF PHYSICAL CULTURE WHO
has had best training Chicago and New York
afford and years of experience teacher.
wishes pupils. either In class or privately
will give ladies' lessons at home If desired:
object of training is to make the body health
I. c., 1913 Nicolct av. Telephone $780,; il.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-02-03
BOARD WANTED

GENTLEMAN WISHES GOOD BOARD; FUR
nished room and bathroom privileges in fiat.
at $50 per month. $500, journal.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-02-03
ANNOUNCEMENTS

ENTIRE STOCK OF OIL PAINTINGS AND
framed pictures portrait frames, ovals, also
framing pictures at prices to keep four frame
makers very busy; entire February clearing
SAFE and framing pictures at bargain prices.
ZeShaMgh, II 9Th ST s. ..t-.a
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-02-03
STORAGE

THE BOYD TRANSFER AND STORAGE co.
has unequaled facilities for moving and storing
household goods. Expert packing for storage
or shipment. Collective carloads for the coast
a specially. Office, 46 S Sd st.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-02-03
HAVE BYRON & WILLARD PRINT IT.

WANTED-TO BUY GOOD HOUSE TO MOVE
my, property. within moving distance of 9Th
CONDITION and location. 9121. Journal.
WANT "A MODERN OR PARTLY MODERN
home; would like to put i'll some land as part
(, pay. Address 9S47, Journal. 80
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-02-03
BUSINESS SPECIALS

nently removed by electricity. Miss Hollister.
77-79 Syndicate block. Pioneer stand OF ths
Northwest. Exclusive specialist.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-02-03

MACHINERY AND ENGINES
IRON WORKING AND WOOD WORKING MA.
chinery; largest stock in the northwest. North
ern Machinery Co.. 21I Sd st S, Minneapolis.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-02-03
LOANS AND CHATTELS

MONEY TO LOAN
ON FURNITURE, PIANOS, HORSES, WAC
ONS, ETC, ON SHORT NOTICE AT CHEAP
EST RATES IN THE CITY. EASY WEEKLY
OR MONTHLY PAYMENTS. STRICTES1
PRIVACY GUARANTEED. CALL ON THH
OLD HOME COMPANY, ESTABLISHED 20
YEARS MINNESOTA MORTGAGE LOAN
COMPANY, 300 BANK OF COMMERCE.
BLDG, CORNER OF 1st AV S AND 4th ST.
LOANS MADE ON HOUSEHOLD GOODS, FURH
in storage and warehouse receipts, at one
half the usual rate. Monthly Instalment
Loan Co., s25 Guaranty Loan. h.
RICE LOANS ON ALL KINDS OF PERSONAL
property; charges reasonable. SIC Globe bldg.
WILLIAMS, 41S GUARANTY BUILDING,
large loans specially. Terms to suit bor-
. rover. Lowest rates.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-02-03
DREssMAKING

lN~~~~~~~~~~\N~O~%~<><~~ ~~%<~~~~>~~~S~~~
MIL LINERY AND DRESSMAKING taught quick
Send stamp for particulars. Dobbs Bros Mpls
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-02-03
REAL NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS.

UN1NcUMBERED CHICAGO PROPERTY TO
exchange for farm :, lands or a good ranch.
Box 266, Spring Valley, MINI.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-02-03
Wan ED-REAL ESTATE

NE WANT GENUINE BARGAINS IN CITY
property; owners only are requested to list
with u.s. Charles s. woodruff, Cos Guaranty
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-02-03
FINANCIAL

THE MINNESOTA LOAN AND TRUST COMA
ny, 313 Nicollet ay. is safe and convenient
place for the deposit of oney. Capitai ans
surplus 5000, 900. Interest begins on the Cay ol
deposit. go
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1903-02-15
Assos lated Press Afternoon Dispatches.

PANAMA Feb 14-Colone Robert Tribe has suicded General
Tribe IS still active.
VIENNA Austria Feb, 14The Archduche Elizabeth mother
of tbe C)nen Regent Maria of Spain is dead
ROME Italy IPeriodca reports Of the failing health OF
the pope are reuted remarkably good health which HIS one
is enjoying -. -: +o
NEW YORK N " Feb I4-Wm. J. Bryan was IN TINS cry 10 10
Democratic leaders He has ISSUED
will not be candidate Tor the
nomination in the campaign.
MANILA p L. Feb 14-The Moro stronghold at Bayan mas SUD
nnted peacefully to American forces y, -,
A OF the ConstaDuiary against 'h
is imminent A hard fight is expected -
WASHINGTON D. c., Feb I4The t1l<lns anti rust Din
d bv CONGRESS has gone President for signature ms
many introduced this session to
f rim e gaunte Congress- 1t anticipated that KooSeVe VIII
sign the BILL . 1,1 +odoY
WASHINGTON D. c., Feb. 14President Roosevelt TO-DAY TO-DAY
d the hill creating Department of Commerce also the Genera
Sa Rll abor Commissioner Carroll D. Wright is Ponle
mentioned head of the new Department WHICH WI" "
: Jv an additional member in the Cabinet
LONDON England Feb 14Foowing the slghng ode % M of Ven
s orders have been warshps to raise the
ezuelan ports naturally great rejoicing throgh4ur
pet1een tbe Powers .revouionsts the people nave
~ and much financial loss Large cagoes OF Ppe e
on way.
Berlin Germany Feb 1Geat satisfaction over til the optooe
4 Venezuelan affair manifest in the official circles OF Germany
starring out on equal footing with Great Britain ana ta
ende herself the of the Allies by the maj terms
The radical policy of Emperor Wllan winch caused
o comment and for the results is now haeo a.
offs craftsmanship
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1903-02-15
s. s. ALAMEDA
AGAIN IN PORT

The Alameda reached port at
O'Clock last night from San Francisco,
bringing three days mail. She had a
smooth run down, and saw nothing on
the way. There nave been some
changes in the personnel OF her of1clal
staff since the boat was here last time,
as follows: S. H. Church is now chleI
engineer. L. Dawson is third othcer,
and these three gentlemen are hrst,
second and third assistant engineers
reenectively. George Clark, George
Marshal. F. Kalstrom. The Alameda
passed the San Francisco llgntsniP 1n
sly days She brought 955 tons or cargo,
snd tbe following passengers: Samuel
Frazer, H. vanderson, E; Idn Gardnnes- 7
Jones, B. E. Noble, T: F. Wlckpaan; :ea Ma. "a.
GoIdstein. A. Hougtetin and VIE, MISS
7 aura Berry, Mrs. F. j. Wallace ana
t~o o,' children, H. Howland, e. E. Ken
nedv and Captain Klitguard.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1903-02-15
PACIFlCS WIN
CHAMPIONSHIP

The game at Makid yesterday after
noon between the Honolulus and the
Pacifics was one in which the cham
pionship of the league was decided, but
also one in which the defeated team
was entitled to great credit for their
good work. The game was between the
leaders in the league, the Pacifics, and
the tail enders, the HonoIulus; and that
the Honolulus acquitted themselves
nobly in spite of odds against them, Is
shown by the low score of 1-0-
The Pacifics won the toss, and once
the ball was in motion kept it most OF
the time in their opponents territory
The defense en- the side of the Homo
Iulus was of the best. On both sides
the playing was of an individual orda~
rather tnan team work. Several times
Morse would have shot a goal but Cor
the good work of A. Cation, the ho-
nolulu goal keeper. Beardmore and
Guild did some fine kicking firm cor
ners But in spite of it all neither sIde
was able to score, though at the last
Blackman missed a goal by but re"
inches.
The second half was marked by some
good kicking, but also a large number
of corners With the thought of gain
ing the league championship, the Pa
cifics played better ball than ever and
at last, in spite of splendid defensive
work on the part of the Honolulus
Morse shot goal. AS the Honolulus
did not score after that the Pacifics are
entitled to the championship for the
season. The teams played as follows:
Pacifics-Goal. F. Young; fullbacks,
A Guild, S. BeardmOre (Capt); half
backs. F. Ha;stead, Stokes, Churton;
forwards. CatteraH, Blackman. p
Morse, Bayer, Williamson.
Honolulus-Goal, A. a. Cation; full
backs. Gleason, Fuller; halfbacks, Ry-
croft. Birkmyre. Glass; forwards. Wa
terhouse. Simpson, ]. H. Cation CCapt),
Cockburn. ]. Marcallino.
The teams of the Junior League, Y
NJ. c. AS. and Honolulus, played before
the regular game, but neither side
scored.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1903-02-15
GOSSIP ABOUT
W. O. SMITHS VISIT

rne San Francisco Chronicle OF rep
e+,, nrints this from its Washing
ton correspondent;
WASHINGTON, Feb. 5.--Some ntIle
,,,s+arv slIrrounds the visit mere VI W
n smith of Honolulu, VINO CAME - ~
tba island paradise at hreakIlecn eP Nee
ON the ostensible errand OF he he'uiiS
leeislation providing for !ia 80.
1ener settlement on MoloKal- 40 ~
80 bas not at any time during the
Sa-s;,.e, such an act, and as the people
{f IJawai; were informed of TINS Iact'
A,t.s,,,, haste in coming here was some
what extraordinary.
Now a story is current that the loI ol'po
Sition TO making Molokal a ndlioi, O.
leper colony was deftly WORKED up ~
Hagstian politicians and hnancieKs
who hope to get ditcn Dill TN
Congress. 1t is said the plan Was -
make A show of desperate resist ~ = :
fo the leper scheme, whlch "ouiu -
quickly withdrawn on the ass . en-
+bat the ditch bill would receive faVor-
sbIe [onsidera ton. Smith is not chars-
cd with completely in this scheme.
SENATOR Burton of Kansas has chaIh-
rioned several matters desired by lhe
Hawaiian planters, notably thal VI mn
nortiner Chinese semi-slaVe ldpofei9'
hut his efforts have met no encourase
n,ant in either branch OF congress
Congress. in fact, is too busy dodglhs
offaneiva treaties and concocting trust
legislation to bother with the terri
tories. Hawaii has reputation TOO:
in washington, of being the center %
expert political manipulators, and whlie
this reputation is no doubt undeservea.
anything proposed from that TERRITORY
viii be rigidly scrutinized. senator
Mitchell is authority for the stateInehl
that no further legislation whateVe,
concerning Hawaii will be consldereu
during this session.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1903-02-15

General Thomas a hero-of the war OF
1872 General Thomas built fort at
Lebanon and commanded the garrison
during a portion of the war. In 1881,
when sseventy-six years of age, Mother
Cfulick travelled from Hawaii to Leban-
on all alone and visited the old fort
which she remembers very well during
the 1912 days. She graduated from the
Lafayette School and when but a young
woman travelled by stage across the
country to Lexington. Kentucky, where
she was assistant in another Lafayette
School conducted by her cousin for
young Southern women. She was prof.
cient in teaching painting and draw
ing She also taught in Tennessee and
in this way became acquainted with
General, afterward President Andrew
Jackson, and his family. When the
General was injured in a stage acct
dent she assisted in caring for him.
Mother Guiick visited Washington
and has pleasant recollections of going
through the White House. When she
came around the Horn to Hawaii, she
and her husband went to Waialua
| where he conducted a boarding school
Later on Mother Gulick taught board
| ing school in Honolulu near the Ka-
waiahao church, and among her schol-
ars We're Hon. Samuel Parker, Sam
Macy and E. B. Friel.
| Mother Parker. one of surviving
| Missionary Mothers" is now ninety
| five years of age, and is the SECOND
Oldest white woman in Hawaii.