The Hood River glacier. (Hood River, Or.) 1889-1933, 1903-03-13

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murcury, has greater effect on insect
life than copper. We use the copper
salts for spraying for fungicides. OF the
various salts formed from copper, copper
sulphate Is used almost entirely, Copper
is largely used as vitrol in wheat, and il
also used for spraying plants. We have
to combine copper sulphate with various
agents that have tendency to neutralizC
it SO it will not injure the foliage, and 81
it will stick upon the foliage longer. AL
though great deal of chemistry worl
has been done on Bordeaux mixtures
only enough has been done to teach vi
that we know but very little about it.
The professor gave an interesting ex
hibition OF different methods OF prepar
ing the Bordeaux mixture, allowing the
solutions to develope during the follow
ing discussion, thus demonstrating tC
the audience the best way OF making the
preparation for use in the spraying
pumps. The discussion following was
largely of technical nature, and many
formulas were given for making spraying
preparations for use in destroying differ,
ent pests. The best method OF prepar
ing the Bordeaux mixture is to dissolve
equal quantities OF the milk Of lime and
copper sulphate separately and ther
pour into the spraying tank at the same
time, making the material ready for use
G. r. Castner-I would like to ask
about using copper sulphate in the place
Of salt in the lime, sulphur and salt spray
for San Jose scale
Prof. Cordley-There is practically nc
difference. Some experiments indicate
that neither one Unnecessary. We think
it is safer to use one of the two until
more data can be obtained. So far as
scale is concerned, you might get better
results from the copper sulphate, al
though doubt it very much.
g. r. Castner-How would it be fol
apple fungus7
Prof Cordley--I think it would be all
right. AS matter Of fact, | am very
doubtful of the efficacy of early spraying
for apple scab.
j. l.. Carter--I would like to ask a
question as to how to get good milk Of
lime, good, smooth preparation.
Prof. Cordley-It depends somewhat
upon the lime. Under all circumstances
only enough water should be added to
keep the lime Stacking fast We should
not flood the lime; should not nearly
cover it. Keep it moist and generating
heat.
]. l.. Carter - Suppose you are usine
100 gallons of water and 33h pounds Of
lime; it is pretty hard to keep it from
packing.
Prof. Cordley--I think it would be bet
ter to have it in larger box, with the
largest surface possible exposed.
T. R. Coon-What is the best way to
prevent or kill aphis, and when?
Prof. Cordley-The best time is just
as the eggs are beginning to hatch
Whale oil and soap solution, or kerosene
emulsion are the best things to use.
I. r. Coon-How about concentrated
lye?
Prof. Cordley-This will kill aphis,
but | don't like to use it on the trees.
1t will injure the trees.
T. r. Coon-What is the matter with
salt, sulphur and lime it will kill them.
Prof. Cordley-It is all right; the
Others are cheaper.
Mr. Sproat-I would like to call Prof.
Cordley's attention to the orchard of f.
Locke. This gentleman has used con-
centrated lye for five or six years. His
apples are practically free from scab, the
skin Of the apples is as bright as though
He uses 6lbs. Babbitt's double strength
lye to 100 lbs. of water and 10 lbs. sul-
phate of copper. He is recommending
this spray to the growers Of the valley.
Prof Cordley--As an inseticide, it is
valuable; as q fungicide it is of little
value.
T. r. Coon - In what proportion
should concentrated lye be mixed in
order to kill aphis? ] have used lye
made from oak ashes, which kills all
the aphis.
Prof. Cordley-I can't tell you; have
not used 1t enough to know. l would
not want to advise.
Mr.. Mohr (Peter Mohr's son)-We
have used concentrated I've for aphis,
but it did not kill them for us without
killing the foliage also. We used whale
oil soap and kerosene emulsion, and ii
killed them on two applications.
T. R. Coon Did you ever put lye
on before the buds swelled?
Peter Mohr-We never put 1t on be-
fore the buds swelled; we put 1t on
when the trees We're in full leaf
E. L. Smith-The lime, sulphur and
salt solution is what is known as the
California wash The lime, sulphur
and blue vitriol is known as the Oregon
wash. In southern Oregon they have
never used anything but lime, sulphur
and blue vitriol. Prof. Forbes, one of
the greatest entomologists in the United
States, has made extensive experiments
with these two mixtures, with the re-
suit that one is as effective as the other.
In either case 99.02 per cent of the
scales on which the applications were
made were killed. Less than l per
cent were left alive, and this was pro-
bably due TO their being concealed
under the bark. In regard to leaving
out the salt in these two sprays, the
Agricultural College has made ex-
tensive experiments with the result
that the conclusion is reached that the
salt does no good. The sprays were
equally effective without salt. A solu-
tion of pound of sulphur, pound of
lime to gallons of water did the work
thoroughly. For San Jose scale it did
the work perfectly. There is no ques-
ton that the salt Is useless. In southern
Oregon they never use It.
Mr.. Mohr-Will sulphur aud lime kill
the oyster shell scale?
Prof. Cordley--Not likely, as the oys-
ter shell scale is then In the egg, and
the eggs are protected. The best time
to kin this scale is when the eggs are
Matching. The oyster shell scale Is not
important enough to consider at all In
the Willamette valley; don't know
whether it is here or not.
q, L. Carter-What Is the remedy for
brown aphis?
Prof. Cordley-The same remedy.
w A. Slingerland-You would not,
then, recommend spraying for fungus,
or apple scale.
Prof. Cordley-For apple scale alone,
/ would defer all spraying until the
fruit buds start; any time between the
time the leaf buds start and the time
they open.
L. L. Smith-Western Oregon has
considerable fruit badly affected with
apple canker. There is some Of it in
Hood River valley Mr. Smith cited