davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1903-05-14

Ginghams! See the assortment we
have. Notice the qualities at 124c per
yard. Veale & Knight
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1903-05-14
At Boston, Boston 9, st. Louis ).
At Brooklyn, Chicago 3, BROOKLYN

Yesterdays American League scores;
At Philadelphia, Philadelphia Q, Chica-
20 0.
At Detroit, Detroit Z, New York 1
At Cleveland, Cleveland ?. Boston l.
At st, Louis, Washington 3, ST. Louis o
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1903-05-14
~ S. end

Summary. Struck out by Wishart 5,
by Hull i5 two base hits, Wishart 2,
Bolles; three base hits stoughton; base on
balls OFF Wishart 4, OF Hull j. umpire
Wing; time hrs. 40 min.
Sanra htr fuufpaa.
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1903-05-14
American league Standing


at Hanover Dartmouth 6, Tufts 2
AT Canton, n. ", st. Lawrence S, Mid
dlebury 3.
AT Cambridge, Harvard l6, Cornell B.
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1903-05-14

Important Notice. We are sole agents
for Byron Jackson's home grown aspara-
gus, Best in the city. City Fish Market,
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1903-05-14

Buildings Burned ut Barre Transfer.
Montpelier, May 1.-THE buildings Of
James Herne at the Barre Transfer were
burned yesterday afternoon. Including a
house and small barn.
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1903-05-14
DOUBLE WEDDING.

Two Couple Married at East Barre on
Monday
East Barre, May H. There was a
double wedding at the Office of Justice A +.
G. Dickey on Monday when Pasquale Bag
aglio and Maria Yamboriwi and palo Zaf-
fri and Maria Pazzi were united in mar
riage. Both couples will reside In East
Barre
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1903-05-14

Prindle & AverIll have just received a
large assignment of kerosene oil stoves.
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1903-05-14

shamr9eks Did Not Leave Their Moor
ings.
Gourock, May 1.-THE Shamrocks [
and III did not leave their moorings this
morning owing to unavoidable weather
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1903-05-14
LEAGUE BASE BALL.
Pittsbmg Nationals Defeated BY the
TaiIenders

Yesterdays National League scores
AT Philadelphia, Philadelphia L. Pitts
burg IL
AT New York. New York 5. Cincinnati
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1903-08-10
WAY THE WILD CAT WAS WHO.
Tom Bowie Relieves the Distress of an
Embarrassed Feline.

Chicago is a mighty dull place now
nothing doing" writes Tom Bowie
to Guthrie friend. Hot weather
hits us about as hard here as it does
in Oklahoma. Haven't seen an inter-
esting thing. either Yes. I have, Sun.
day morning was out to the north
end of Lincoln park near where the
Ferris wheel is now, and was walking
along that street that faces the park,
when saw a cat in yard that had
sat down on a piece of sticky fly paper.
Well 1t was enough to kill you. You
know she'd sat down on it with her
tail straight out so that when she got
up there was her tail right up the
middle Of It, just like the mast to a
sail, and there was a right smart
breeze blowing off the lake and, don't
YOU know, It just kited her across the
yard like & yacht AND I just had 70
hold on to the fence, ! laughed so.
And the expression on that cats face,
you just ought to have seen it; she
was one of these cats that have a
white middle OF the face and two
loops of gray off to the sides that
give a sort of human expression, and
if she didn't look woe-begone, sort of
what have l gone and done, kind Of
far-away, absent-winded look, you
know 'Ihe she'd look around at her
self and that sheet of paper looming
up like the side of a house seemed to
scare her and she'd tear over the lawn
Then she'd sort o. sit down to think
about Il and consider ways and meansi
then she'd walk sideways to see e Il
wouldn't come OH. Finally, she tried
going up a tree, cartin' that paper
along with her as II It was an import
amt document, and she couldn't get
along without IT, She got half way up
the trunk and changed her mind and
dropped down again, and when she
lit is Slowed around to her side, so
she couldn't more'n half walk Darned
lf / didn't begin to be sorry for the
poor thing, 50 / called her, and she sat
there minute looking sort Of NOUN
ful and then she began TO come oyer
70 me on three legs, half sitting down,
like a baby with sore foot crawling
along the floor. and she came under
the fence and / put my foot on one
corner of the paper and she pulled
loose. But she was a sight, sayl Then
she began lickin herself on and clean
ing up. But she Aopped to say
meaow' to me. certainly felt like a
benefactor But that's all have seen
in Chicago worth telling about"
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1903-08-10
NORMAL NOTES.
BY ]. II. Bowersox.

The energies of the students have
been wonderfully Increased by the
rain. we Judge by the smiles of the
teachers and instructors this morning.
Il don't like any one make laugh
at me-" said one of the instructors
when two songs were announced at
one time.
The teachers should remember the
social at the Central school building
tomorrow evening. Everybody invit-
ed.
Next Wednesday at close of the
monring session, the teachers who
wish a note book grade viii leave the
note book in the office at Central
school building.
The Rev. Nicholas of the Episcopal
church. conducted the devotional ser
VICES this morning.
The teachers of Logan county are
requested to make preparation for the
work 70 be exhibited at the Louisiana
Purchase exposition at st. Louis In
dividual work and drawing, bookkeep-
ing. penmanship, etc, and general
clcss work viii be accepted This re-
quest comes from the Oklahoma
Worlds Fair commission.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1903-08-10
nAEMoeLoelN IN FICTION.

The suggestion that American fiction
has become yitiated and neryeless has
reused Mr., Churchill williams 70 as
sort that the virile and vigorous worl,
OF action is in fact more prominent
and popular today than ever before
and that The dominant phase Of the
moGern novel IS an infusion OF strong
red blood,
without forgetting what Cooper dill
10 vitalize the romance Of American
pioneer life," writes Mr. Wiliiaras IN
the Worlds Work for July, IS. was
Iret lIarte who first nade for rs a
por ait of the American man ,f ac-
tion with the streng.n. saak las. es.
passions and quick intelligence which
we could understand; and that the
model was 4 western man Is significant
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1903-08-10

OF more than the accident Of Mr.
Harte's familiarity with California. It
Will be observed that It is The west
which has been giving us this sort Of
thing all along Iiamlin Garland,
Frank Norris, Stewart Edward White
Jack London. are western men. owen
Wister, while not OF the west, has
drawn upon it for his best work On
the other hand, not an eastern writer
of fiction nor a recent notable story
of the east with the scope and inten-
ton Of those which deal with the west
just now recalls itself It may be
sufficient in explanation of this TO
note that the west offers more OBJ
vious opportunity for the display Of
forceful qualities, that the lines OF
character there are more likely to be
definite, that as an individual the west
ern man counts more positively for
good or evil every time, while for SET
ting he has about him what is pecul-
iarly palatable 20 the romantic appe-
tite."
Mr.. Williams continues:
ITO give up one Of our kind whv.
does more than we have done and SO
pricks our pride. and again does a lit.
tie less and so restores our self re-
spect Is the surest way to our appre-
citation BY the balance which the
novelist maintains between these two
extremes we rank him. Paradoxicsl
as It may sound the perfect man IN
the opinion of each of us is that one
who has exactly the right quantity OF
imperfections as judged by our indi-
vidual Standards
The trouble with most of the "red
blood" in modern fiction is that 1t has
more of the qualities Of red paint
than human corpuscles. Blood is spill
in liberal quantities. and the arena is
bespattered with very crimson gore;
but the impression produced is that Ll
aniline liquids used for tragic effect.
This striving after effect has indeed
become so general that it is taken for
granted and is passel unchallenged
What is needed nowadays Is a novel
with real haemoglobin--with true red
blood. pulsating in human veins. Less
of mechanism, less of conscious and
Falpable craftsmanship. and more of
sincere. normal feeling, will be the
characteristics OF the coming novel
which the world now needs.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1903-08-10
NolsE AND PoWER-

The problem n cheap and abundant
energy has for some years engaged
the attention of the brightest minds.
Ever since the requirements Of man
for his industrial operations overpas-
sed the abilities OF a blind horse walk
ing in circle, inventive persons
have been busy devising means where
by natural forces may be so utilized
as to furnish power for human ap-
pliances The water wheel was among
the earliest devices Of this kind; it
was closely followed by the windmill
Here progress halted for many cen
turtles, until the introduction of the
steam engine enabled mankind 60 ex-
tract fer his own use the vast potential
energy Of coal.
During the past cycle many natural
forces have been diverted into useful
channels and made to furnish power
for machinery and light and heat for
swarmjng communities
It has remained for an indianapolis
man, Barringer Cox, by pame, to dis
cover that the incessant noise OF a
great city is source Of mechanical
power ana can be so collected and fo-
called as to run d specially construct
ed motor adapted for the propulsion
of machinery
The details Of Mr. Coxs invention
have not been furnished us, but it is
claimed by the inventor and his
friends that the system is perfect
success and may be used in small in
dustrlal establishments where 1t is
designed 70 supply all necessary power
1t no expense whatever.
We may smile at the idea, yet afte
all It has more than one grair of rea-
son abest It. The noise Of grea
city Is after all the waste and over
flow OF that citys abundant energies,
The ideal machine is nolseless; it IS
owing to the defects in it's mechanism
and the taking up Of lost motion that
some Of the energy put into that ma
chine escapes In the form OF noise.
It therefore, man is able to capture
and transform This errant energy SO
as 70 make useful power OF 1t, he has
simply utilized another waste product;
and this IS quite in line with the
spirit Of the age
Al all events. we are glad that
some use has been found for tie sur
plus noise that renders city life so dis
tressing. The invention viii be well
coined By certain owners Of city real
estate who have had rolling mills and
cotton congresses erected near the
property They nay now advertise
Choice building site; cotton mill
across the street, boiler factory around
the corner"
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1903-08-10

shall organize the Pioneer Lodge of
the Knights and Ladies Of Honor in
the A. o. u w hall in Guthrie on
Wednesday. August 18th, 1908, az
O'Clock p. m All charter members and
other good people who wish protection
for their loved ones in the way of gooi
safe and cheap life Insurance are re
quested to be present Bring your
ladies' They enjoy every privilege
that gentlemen do no entrance fee is
charged to join The first part Of the
meeting win be free to all while the
history and plans OF the order are
being explained when we hope to add
many more OF the best people to our
charter list, Very respectfully,
cras. Buchanan,
Chief Organizer and Manager. Okla
homa
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1903-08-10
0 0 0 O 0 @ 0 Q o 0 Q Q Q 0 0 Q Q
@ CITY HALL NEWS NOTES. @
Q Q 0 0 % o 0 0 0 0 o Q O 0 0 0 Q

Business at police court this morn
ing exceeded any Monday morning OF
the past few months. Mrs Lou Por-
Ter was araigned on the charge OF
keeping a house OF nlfame and plead
NOT guilty The case was continued
until tomorrow afternoon. Minnie
Freeman and Jessie LEVEL. arraigned
on the charge OF being inmates. also
plead not guilty and tha case was con.
tinted until this afternoon. Morgan
Griffin. Frank Horn. John Doe. Allar
Stanley Frank King and Pat Conelt
niaed guilty 70 the charges OF being
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1903-08-10

The real estate transfers In Guthrie
are more numerous than those Of any
other territorial city. This Is midsum-
mer, too.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1903-08-10

Attorney Folk is making some ring.
ing speeches in Missouri. Folk can
not be handicapped by the fulsome
praise Of Republican journals.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1903-08-10

The chief thing is this Keep
pushing for Guthrie.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1903-08-10
As True in Oklahoma As in Mlssour

As True in Oklahoma As In Missouri.
(Extract from a speech by Joseph w
Folk of Missouri)
TOO many officeholders do not re
alize they are the agents Of the peo-
pie; they have no more right to use
their official powers for personal gain
or to pay personal obligations than
they would have 70 put their hands
into the public treasury to pay a pri-
vate debt"
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1903-08-10

Sold By all druggists, 75c
Halls Family pills are the best
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1903-08-10

Joseph Folk: "There are some who
deplore the exposure OF corruption on
the ground that it injuries the city or
state. No community can be hurt by
the enforcement Of law. Corruption
cannot be cured by hiding 1t. There
is no secret remedy known for it. Ex-
posure and punishment Of public
plunderers is state honor, not it's
shame. The disgrace Is in tolerance,
not in correction. It is more honor
able to correct evils than to bear
them in ignoble silence The only way
TO stamp out corruption is to strike il
hard Whenever it rears IT'S ugly head
II is OF course. humiliating to know
so much corruption has gone on SO
long without hinderance, but it is
more patriotic 10 apply the knife OF
the law tosthe cancerous growth than
by tolerance 10 allow 1t 10 eat into AMI
destroy civic life"
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1903-08-10

Our prices are right, our vehicles
unsurpassed. See our s75 90 20 buggy
and we have them as low as $4,000
T. s. Lyon. corner Division ana okla
homa avenue,
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1903-08-10
500 Reward, s1oo.

The readers Of this paper viii be
pleased to learn that there is at least
one dreaded disease that science has
been able to cure in all it's stages and
that is Catarrh. Hairs Catarrh Cure
is the only positive cure now known
to the medical fraternity. Catarrh
being a constitutional disease, requires
constitutional treatment. Halls
Catarrh Cure is taken internally, act
ing directly upon the blood and mu
oous surfaces Of the system, thereby
destroying the foundation OF the di
sease, and giving the patient strength
by building up the constitution and
assisting nature in doing its work
The proprietors have so much faith IN
its curative powers, that they ofreI
one Hundred Dollars for any case
that It fails TO cure. Send for list Of
testimonials.
Address +. j. CHENEY & CO..
Toledo, O
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1903-08-10

Guthrie's weekly bank clearings are
certainly evidonce Of something doing
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1903-08-10

WANTED-A girl TO do general house
work. evenings on Apply at once
to 1901 w Cleveland.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1903-08-10
o @ 0 O O c O @ o O o . @ O O O c
o REAL ESTATE TRANSFERS. G
= acooc c0ooc =
, Q o 0 Q o 0 0 0 Q o {

10 @ Q . 9 O Q O Q Q . @ Q o @
\ gan County to Jno. T. Stew
art, tax d pit ne u. 1854.
and sw Il ne "A, 1862. ...S 1903
Browne Cornelison and W to
Robert sohlberg. wd; und
u lots 2t to "a. blk So,
G. p. ~. ... 900. 90
Jas, F. Griffin ant to Ed
Jacobus, wd: u Sc H..
1868 .. M . 49,. 100000
sam1 r. stalcup and W to
Jas. Sly wd; " NV Y,
22-1S-2 ~. 49,. . ~. 10000
Robt. A. Gaffney to Ferd Rit-
terbusch, wd; lot Z. blk SO,
c Hill... .. . .. 100000
Ferd Ritterbusch and W to r.
A. Ganney Wi; NV "a.
Z5-l6-5 ..., ...... .... 100000
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1903-05-18
ARKANSAS IN BRIEF.
+ + /. - + j. + - i. + + + !. +

White river is still rising at New
port, and much water from the swol-
len Black river will soon augment
the flood Already some lowlands
have been overfpwed and planted
crops ruined. A little further rise
will do great damage and largely cur
tail tie lowland crops.
The remains of Isaac Yopp. who
was killed in a street car accident at
Tacoma. Wash. will be buried tomor.
row at Hazen. his old time home. He
was a son of Col. A. F. Yopp.
G.. E. Shut, prominent man OF
Texarkana, who killed J. G. Whitener,
his former partner, a year ago on the
Texas side of Texarkana. must hang.
His sentence has been affirmed by the
supreme court. and Gov. Lanham has
refused to interfere. The hanging will
take place next Tuesday at Boston,
Tex, near Texarkana.
w. A. Hardy. and not DIR. Harttzog,
was the.ssufferer from gasoline ac-
cident at The University of Arkansas.
Percy Jones, who was killed by
mob a: Winston, n c.. is no kin to ex-
Senator J. K. Jones.
Haity Price. said to be the chief OF
the Hot Springs footracers, will be
truleht back from Oklahoma City.
Chas. Weisner. a German gardener
of Hec Springs, was found dead on
East mountain.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1903-05-18

Chas. Weisner. a German gardener
of Hes Springs, was found dead on
East mountai:,.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1903-05-18
Milton Blum received an offer

Milton Blum received an offer
Saturday night from the Hammond
Typewriter company to take charge
of the Cincinnati branch of the bust.
ness. This is a f1aftering offer and is
a fine paying business. Mr.. Blum has
in the past been one of the most sue
cessful men in the business, and this
is another gratifying evidence of his
success.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1903-05-18
Windy PIummer Pulled.

Mr.. H. C. Plummer was arrested
this morning for violating the Sab
bath at Bell park yesterday and taken
before Esq. A. J. Stewart, who con.
tinued the case until Wednesday.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1903-05-18
NOTICE TO STOCKHOLDERS.

The stockholders of the Pine Bluff
Carnival company will meet at ice
factory office on Pine street at p
m. Friday and any person having
claims against the company should
present them to the undersigned De-
fore that time, SO that they, may be
acted upon. JEFF HICKS, Pres.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1903-05-18
DougIass-Ta ayIor.

S. Douglass and Anna Taylor
were married by Rev. Ross Moore at
10 o'clock Sunday night at the reei-
denee Of E. B. Taylor. Douel9 SIS
teaches school at Grapevine. in
Grant county. He and his 'ride left
for New Orleans. where they vii!
spend their honeymoon.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1903-05-18

James S. Larkin is assisting in the
Office at the Hotel Trulock this week
Look out for. the big drawing at
the Brook Hill July L. Holland and
Lampert. ~
Best and most sup-to-date station
cry; very latest out at Walker Drug
company's.y
-Ryan's Catarrhline Cures your
colds and headaches when all other
remedies fail.
On June the first. Eek. the up-to.
date photographer, will close his gal.
lery for the summer.
-Wanted-EKperience men for
sash and door factory. Sawyer and
Austin Lumber company.
Ours is parlor compared to
other drug stores in Pine Bluff Call
and see u.s. Walker Drug company.
W. S. Steed, general delivery
clerk at the postoffice, has just re-
covered from second attack Of meas
les
Come in and get acquainted with
our method of doing business. Al
ways glad to see you. Walker Drug
company.
-Estelle Belcher was fined $25 and
costs and given thirty days on the
farm by Esq A. J. Stewart for disturb
ing the peace.
We have what we believe is one
of the best equipped, best stocked and
best kept drug store in Arkansas.
Walker Drug company.
Best equipped, best stocked, best
service, and the prettiest, neatest and
cleanest drug store in Pine Bluff.
Walker Drug company.
There will be a joint meeting OF
the Merrill and Y. M. G. A. board
of directors in few days to outline
this years policy for the work.
The artists who have just about
compile ted the decoration on the Elks
theater Will begin today to decorate
the residence of Fred l.. Dilley.
First, we are doing big busi-
ness: second, we are prepared to do
it; third we are going to do larger
businesss. Above three statements
convey exactly our position. Walker
Drug company
Strauss and Miller have just re-
ceived fine $200-cebox with patent
dc,:s ~ wlic. the icebox is always
c!csnd. White goods are being taken
out the door is closed from the inside,
and is especall, l"ilt to keep butter
ard cheese
If you want the very latest in
handkerchief extracts and toilet wa
ters, we have a full line of RAIDER and
Gillettts, of Paris; Pinauds of Paris:
Crown, of London; Hudnuts, of New
York, and all the leading and latest
odors manufactured in the United
States. Come to us. Walker Drug
company.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1903-05-18
Daily 6rapbi.
LOCAL AND OTHERWISE
LEITNER AND WE'LL.

On Or about May Is we will move
to 113 S. Main street. to the premises
now occupied by the Pine Bluff Water
and Light company, where we will
have more cOmmodious quarters. We
buy and sell real estate, make loans
and handle property for owners in
a manner largely productive and ben
eficial to them. Call and see us.
LEITNER AND WE'LL,
Now at 1873 W. Barraque st.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1903-05-18
Hip Broken.

NJ. Stevens. manager of the camp
for the Rose Lumber company, was
morning and his hip was broken. Dr.
Gallagher was called to attend him
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1903-05-18
Suit to Partition Lands.

J. B. Talbot sues Edward M.
Shields in the chancery court for a
partition Of lot 3. block 81. Tannehill
md Owens addition.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1903-05-18

Mr.. Stearns. the jeweler. says that
fair week was the best weeks busl-
ness he has had in six weeks. he
feels that the fair was the cause OF
the increase Of business.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1903-05-18

Mr.. Geo. H. Adams left for Jones'
boro this afternoon in the interest OF
the Adams Printing company, VINO
are publishing the Jonesporo city di-
rectory.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1903-05-18
I. i. i. + + !. /. I. 4. + i. = + j. + j.
/. /.
]. PERSONAL POINTS. +
+ +
+ + /, j /. !. I. /. + 1. /. 4. !. + 1. +

G. G.. Price, of Greenyille, is in the
city.
John Weldon, of abbaseka, is here
today.
H. E. Carpenter, of Fordyce, is in
the city
NJ l.. Young. of Monticello, is in the
city today.
C. P. Clemmons, of Tamo, is in the
city today
w. A. Minnitt, of Little Rock, is
in the city.
VIM. Hardwell, of Arkadelphia, is
in the city.
w. G. Garrett, of Altheimer was in
the city today.
F. Rossner, of Little Rock, is in
the city today
Miss Meta Purvis, of Stuttgart, is
In the city today.
D. H. R. Webster, of Texarkana, is
in the city today.
B. E. Halpin OF Thornton. is in
the city on business
DR.. S. w. Blanknnship, of Linn
wood. is in the city today
Mrs. E. J. Larkin and son, Braxton,
left Saturday for Little Rock.
Mr.. E. w. Vail, clera kin Supt
Peck's Office, left today for his home
in southern Illinois for a short visit
Burton Arnold. county clerk at
Batesville, is in the city.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1903-05-18
Slams on Cars.

Manager Blake Trescott, Of the
street railway, will have in few
days signs on all of the cars The
people have been contending for it for
several months.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1903-05-18

The Y. M. G. A. band gave a
splendid concert yesterday afternoon
at Merrill Institute and for very
small amount could be induced to give
a weekly concert in court square.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1903-05-18

The wooden awning in front OF
F. NJ Rosenburg's insurance Office
and Meyers bakery is being removed