davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington times., 1903-03-22

T HIS is the time Of the year when
the ecclesiastical departments OF
the book stores are especially well pat
ronized and prayer books and prayer
hook marks hymnaIs. works for spirit
uaI meditation and other requisites of
a devotional character are prominently
set forth in recognition Of the Lenten
season and in preparation for Easter. at
which time they are in great demand
for gifts.
Prayer books and hymnals come vari-
ousIy bound in paper. cloth and iea-ner,
and of each of these there are numerous
styles as TO size. design and price
Beautiful samples OF ine art in binding
are the leather. covered books Various
kinds OF feathers are used and Of diff
ferent colors, but most are black, the
ecclesiastical purple and the bright.
churchly red.
All Kinds of Bindings
The prayer book and the hymnal can
be bought separately, but usually they
come bound in harmony. or the feathers
which figure prominently in the artistic
evolution of the Eastern praye- books.
the different varieties Of morocco, calf
seal. lizard and alligator are all used.
Books bound with perfect simplicity in
some of these handsome feathers, de-
void OF all ornamentation. are essenti-
ally tasteful. such being the beauty of
the color texture, and finish Of the
| leather. All the details of production
are carried out with perfect taste so
that the inside is essentially artistic
/ Frequently the inside of the lids and
| the fly leaves are handsomely covered
with moire silk corresponding In hue
with the color of the leather and gold
tooling gives a delicately artistic finish
\ to the edges of the inner covers
Leather and Metal Adornments.
Some of the handsomest leather
bound books are mounted with gold or
silver with tasteful elegance. The metal
work may be brought out in ecclesiss-
tical designs. and may take the form OF
corner pieces. a narrow binding around
the edge. and in the center OF the cover
an appropriate emblem such as the
cross. the symbolic letters l. II. S.: OF
the words Prayer Book and Hymnal may
be inscribed in silver or gold across the
front and back of the companion books
The vogue OF lizard sskin. which leads
the fashionable feathers this season, is
apparent even among the Easter prayer
books and hymnals. A very elegant sci
is bound in black lizard with cornel
books being bound with silver. Another
handsome set is in fine morocco OF tn,
bright ecclesiastical red. the 6ge'
bound narrowly in silver. Soft gra.
suede with dull silver mountings is still
another artistic combination.
The Lenten girls prayer book is il
constant use during the penitential Pc
The Washington times., 1903-03-22
SOME COSTLY EASTER PRAYER BOOKS

riod. and it may readily harmonic in
its symbolic violet blue with the sea
son OF its use Purple lizard skin artis-
ticslly covers one set. the edges OF the
books being bound with silver. Another
beautiful set has a covering OF dark viO-
let calf with silver lettering and clasps.
and still another is covered with dark
purple morocco with a cross and letter
ing in gold.
For the Easter Bride
The Easter bride will carry a hand
some ivory-bound prayer book or one
OF white morocco. There is sometimes a
sunken-in cross on the ivory prayer
book and the white morocco book may
have silver or gold mountings. new
idea is for the bridesmaids also 70 carry
prayer books. Probably this is becsuse
the flowers customarily carried by them
last for only a short time and the prayer
books serve as more enduring remem-
brances OF the bride who usually be-
slows them upon her attendants.
A beautiful example in the way OF a
bridal prayer book is bound in ivory.
with monogram in gold The book is
finished inside. With white moire silk.
and the marriage certificate is exQui-
sitelv Illuminated on parchment
Among the costly prayer books. which
are designed for Easter gifts. are those
bound in ivory sometimes carved with a
subject after the old masters Mother
I - NaTr
ed on velvet is another of the more
elaborate and expensive forms which
the prayer book may take. Still others
are bound in the sxquisitely translucent
deep toned tortoise she'll with silver or
gold enrichments.
But most beautiful OF all is the
prayer book every day in the week.
Prayer-book marks are always popu-
| lar Easter gifts. These have white
violet or purple ribbons finished with
the cross, anchor ana heart emblems
OF faith. hope and charity. in silver or
gold When OF gold. the symbols some
times are jeweled. For the Easter gift
bestowing is a set in gold having a sap
phire sunk in the heart. a ruby in the
cross and diamond in the anchor
The Catholic Prayer Book.
The prayer books and works of spir
itual meditation used by those OF tn,
Roman Catholic faith are bound in pa
! per. cloth. leather, celluloid, ivory, an,
i mother pearl similarly to those whicl
have been described Many rosaries an,
crucihxes are given at Easter. TIL
rosaries are in wonderfully varied ma
terials: glass. china. steel. aluminium
jet. Roman pearls. ivory. mOther@of
pearl. Jade. silver. gold precious stones
and many different kinds Of woods ar
all used for this purpose. Among tn
most costly rosaries are those beautiful
ly cut from amethyst. topaz or lapi
The Washington times., 1903-03-22

board a some time during the civil
war. They are now kept on the dredge
as curiosities. The remainder OF the
shells passed through the pipe. and
while some OF them were collected at
the other end several escaped and are
now part OF the new ground. On another
occasion the pipe refused to draw salts
factOrily and the prod produced two
shells OF modern make.
Rattle and Roar in the Pipe.
Notwithstanding the number OF stones
which effectuaIly stop the work. II is
surprising TO see what large ones have
made the trip in safety. A person walk
ing along the pipe hears a constant
rattle and roar OF stones which must
be considerably larger than baseball,
and the new ground will ofIer abundant
opportunities for the development Of
picturesque language il an effort is
ever made to dig into it.
Under favorable conditions. where
the bottom is not too stony or too
hard. il IS estimated that the pipe de-
livers 10 per cent solid matter ard 90
per cent water. but in dificult exca-
vation such as that now going on, the
solid matter will be only . per cent.
and sometimes not that much The
contract at the Barracks calls for 50o.-
600 yards OF solid matter. The pump Is
capable of delivering $4,000 gallons Of
water per minute. and with 1000 feet
Of pipe attached can get out $4,000 gai-
ions per minute which will give some
idea of the immense amount OF water
which will be taken from the Potomac
before the contract Is completed.
Dimensions Of the DTedge.
The dredge is named Alice vivian.
after the youngest daughter OF Charles
The Washington times., 1903-03-22
Monster Steam Dredge Wv
ian Constantly at Work,
Day and Night, Deepening
the Channel and Making
New Territory for Uncle
Sam Some Remarkable
Aquatic Finds. :. >. :.

tions Of broken part to account ia Ak
inE something else.
The Washington times., 1903-03-22
There Are Fairies.

There are fairies: elves that swing
In a wild and rainbow ring
Through the air. or mount the wing
OF a bat TO courier news
To the fairy king and queen;
Fays who stretch the gossamers
On which twilight hangs the dews;
Or who whisper in the ears
OF the flowers words so sweet
That their hearts are turped to musk
And to honey. things that beat
In their veins of gold and blue;
Ouphes that shepherd moths of dusk
Soft of wing and gray of hue
Forth to pasture on the dew.
There are fairies-verily,
Verify:
For the old owl in the tree.
Hollow tree
He who maketh melody
For them tripping merrily-
Told it me.
There are fairies-verily
There are fairies.
Madison Cawein.
The Washington times., 1903-03-22

into the pipes which deliver the river
bottom to the place OF deposit.
Enormous Propulsive Power.
SO powerful is this wheel that It has
been able to send mud up plane with a
rise OF eighteen feet and deliver Il at the
end OF a pipe . 1000 feet long. The incline
at the Washington Barracks excavation
is 20 be measured in inches. the pipe Is
only 1000 feet long so the question OF
power there is but a minor consideration.
The real difnculty in the local excayo-
tion is the nature OF the bottoom. Mud
of varying thickness covers the ioor of
the Potomac. but below the mud is
layer Of stone and gravel The large
stones in this layer display all the MIN
bIeness IN getting into the wrong place
that characterizes rocking chair in
dark room. There is bar over the
mouth Of tho pipe. but a little matter
like that does not discourage the Poto-
mac stones. They jump the bar and
promptly proceed TO get stuck in the
pipe. Then things happen.
Stones in she Big Pipe
The indicators In the pilothouse show
that something is wrong. the water
wheezcs past the obstruction like cry
ing child. the engines are stopped, and
the engineer INDUCES in a line OF eXple-
tives that are we'll worth hsviSg in re-
serve for special occasions. The pipe.
the hood. and the shaft s~s raised 10 the
surface by means OF a derrick. a man
walks out on the pipe and begins 70 prod
into its end. Very often the stone Is
right at the end % the pipe, but some
times the obstruction IS farther up. II
AT the end hairy fingers pull it out. but
if farther away and the beguiling infiu-
The Washington times., 1903-03-22

tions Of a broken part to account Ia hx-
inE something else.
A Broad, Deep Channel.
When the Job is completed the Foto-
mac in front OF the Barracks will have a
channel some 300 feet wide. 500 feet
long. and SS feet deep. besides which the
shoal water along the shore will be con-
siderabIy deepened. The channel az the
beginning of the dredging was 21 feet
deep and there was some water near the
embankment which was only two or
three feet deep.
II has been found that dredges OF me
suction type are capable OF doing excel
lent work in deepening channels, provid-
, ed the channel is not too narrow, and
they have successfully completed con-
tracts which had been abandoned by the
..scooDs
Other dredges even larger and more
powerful than the Alice Vivian are be-
ing planned by ambitious builders. as 1t
has been found that the larger ones are
capable Of handling propositions which
have to be surrendered BY those OF a
smaller size. Before the Alice Vivian
took hold OF the excavations at the Bar.
I AeaNao a u NNHr Win a lNtlNI-luCn plpo
tried TO do the work. but was unable 10
get through the rough bottom eneounter-
I ed near the shore.
Crew Of the Vivian.
Mr. Vivian himself comes TO Washing
I ton occasionally 20 take a look al the
progress his machine is making. but the
/ general run OF the work is left 20 Capt.
Charles Lawson and Chief Engineer
4 john GustafsOn. who have been with him
/ for years and throughly understand
everything connected with the business.
Z Chief Gustafson is an expert machinisc
I who was employed on large contracts,
! such as the CroJon Aqueduct. long be-
fore be went TO dredging. and has worked
1 for the Government at various times.
Assisting him in the repair work is
/ John Nevenger. the blacksmith who was
/ employed because he had a genius for
+ repairing seemingly unmendable breaks.
He has a blacksmith shop on the dredge
| which he claims will do anything from
! Strengthening pin 70 splicing an eight
inch shaft. and when he finds that ne
does not have something he needs he and
the chief put their heads together and
make IT,
The others OF the crew are Patrick
I Cronin. assistant captain. or mate:
/ Joseph Clare and John Shorts. assistant
| engineers; Frank II. Baird. timekeeper
and James Kelly and Carl Carlson
pilots.
The Washington times., 1903-03-22
How the Shiny Mass Is
Drawn Through Huge
Pipes by Hydraulic Sue
ton, Propelled Thousands
Of Feet and Deposited on
thc Marshes, There to Be
come Solid Ground, :, =.


A Ii day long. and all night long
"A since las; September. an eight
ccn-inch pipe has been sucking
the mud from the bottom ot the Po-
tomac in front Of the Washington Bar
racks and discharging it on the low
grornd between the river and James
Greek. only on Sundays and at short
intervals wl,cn thc machinery balks for
a few minutes does the work stop, and
Il VIII continue until about the 1st of
Jrly.
TIE transfer OF this mud from the
bottom OF Z river 20 marsh contains
more elements OF interest than might be
exrcc1eL and involves machinery that
wouId uaze the old-time scoop dredsers
think that sorccry had seized upon their
trade. suction is the word 10 explain
the method. and when the device is
shown the matter appears quite simple
except for the enormous power dis
played.
Stirring Up the Mud.
Extending from the stern Of the big
dredgc. which IS anchored in mid
stream. is a pire eighteen inches in
diameter and about sixty feet long.
Parallel 70 the pipe and attached TO /;
by pins about six inches long is re-
volving steel shaft seven inches in
diameter. Attached to the end of this
shaft is a six-bladed hood six feet in
diameter AT the base. The hood ilts
over the end of the pipe, and as the
shaft revolves the bottom Of the river
is cut into a thick muddy mass which
is sucked up the pipe.
Like a Huge Electric Fan.
This preliminary matter OF churning
up the material 10 be removed Is plain
enough. but the great centrifugal pump
in he dredge is the thing which attracts
attention The pipe in going through
the dredge passes through a steel
hood about eight feet in diameter and
about two feet through In this hood
IS p biaded wheel which revolves like
that OF the ordinary electric fan. but its
blades are set AZ right angles 10 the
hub and have sharp curve. presenting
the appearance OF a large siX-bladed
-ogwhocl with curved cogs. When II
es desired to start the work the 300
morse power engine turns the wheel
with great rapidly. creating vacuum.
or suction. which soon draws water TO
the wheel and fills the hood. After the
hood is entirely filled the suction is
continued by the revolutions Of thu
wheel and the water and mud pass on
The Washington times., 1903-03-22

way either North or South. This num-
Der is best illustrated by the state
ment that onc-ffteenth OF the popula-
tion Of the United States passes over
the structure and half of this number
stops off to visit the Nations capital.
Nine Hundred Cars of Merchandise.
The freight figures are the more start
ling and impressive. Each day OF the
year thirty freight trains cross the
Long Bridge. Each train consists on an
average of thirty freight cars. This
means that nine hundred cars of valuable
merchandise succeed daily in getting
across the bridge between the one hun
dred and sixty passenger trains which
are run on scheduled time. Not a col
lision occurs and not a car has been
wrecked by two trains meeting on the
bridge.
The reader marvels that this is pos
sible. It is. however. but it requires
master minds in railroading to accom-
plish the task. a corps of men. skilled
in their work, look after the traffic OF
the bridge and to their credit is due its
great success. Although there is but
single track, these trains go back and
forth and IL is a physical impossibility
for two trains even going in the same
direction to be on the bridge at the
same time.
Collisions Are Impossible.
This Is accomplished by the absolute
block system which will derail the train
in charge of any engineer who tries to
get on the bridge while it is occupied
by another. At either end Of this great
structure is an automatic derailing
switch. which operates by the passing
Of the car wheels over its connection.
II the drawbridge is not set properly
II is impossible for train to enter the
bridge from either end and this condi-
tion prevails until the bridge is proper
~ adjusted.
The Automatic Derailing Switch.
When a train leaves Washington and
approaches the bridge, If the draw
bridge is properly set, the train crosses
tthe automatic switch. AS the wheels
pass over this little device. the derailing
switch is set on the Virginia side and
the train proceeds. II a second train
/ follows, the automatic switch on the
northern end of the structure is set
against it until the last car OF the first
train has passed across the switch on
the Virginia side and releases the track
to its successor. Both switches cannot
be opened at the same time, and thus
two trains from opposite directions can
/ not meet on the bridge.
Ten Million Tons of Freight
/ II is only hv this wonderful nioca of
4 mechanism the marvellous use OF the
bridge is possible. The passenger trains
with their great burdens run on schedule
time, and the many freight trains pass
\ back and forth between these. The ca
pacity Of each freight car is forty tons.
| The greater number OF these are filled to
The Washington times., 1903-03-22
. HE Gateway to the South! Such Is

IT HE Gateway to the South, Such Is
the railroad bridge which crosses
the Potomac River from the city OF
Washington to virginia over IT passes
every day mere than half the mer
chandise consumed by all the States
south Of the Potomac and Ohio Rivers
and east OF the great Mississippi. In ad-
dItion to this. there is conveyed over IT
a large amount OF the merchandise used
IN the extreme southwest and half the
western travel crosses this bridge with
ing each year.
For years 81 has been in use and over
the one track go back and forth each
day hundreds OF cars bearing thousands
OF lives and thousands OF cars carrying
tons OF valuable freight. Not a single
railroad enters Washington from the
Southland which does not cross this
bridge. Not ton of freight except that
shipped by water, goes to the many
Southern States which does not pass
over this structure. except from the ex-
treme West
Two Hundred Trains Daily.
A strict accounting OF the ordinary
traffic over This famous structure serves
best TO impress upon the casual reader
the importance ofthIs avenue. Every day,
160. passenger trains cross the bridge.
Ninety of these are operated by the
Washington. Alexandria and Mt. Vernon
Railroad and consist Of two ears each,
carrying an average OF eighty people
This indicates the travel of 7.200 persons
daily between Washington and nearby
points in Virginia
There are seventy passenger trains
operated by the Pennsylvania, Southern
Chesapeake and Ohio. the Seabosrd All
Line. the Atlantic Coast Line. and the
Washington Southern Railroads. These
seventy trains yesterday consisted Of 321
passenger. baggage. mail and express
cars. Counting $50 persons to each train
10.500 people cross the bridge in the day
In the faH and carly spring this number
is greatly increased by the Southern re-
sort traffic.
Six Millions Passengers Every Year.
Summing up the passenger travel
seventeen thousand two hundred per
sons cross the bridge daily every year
Yet with all these trains bearing thei1
burdens OF precious lives, not an acci
dent has occurred in which one OF thes,
has lost his life. In a year. 6.2S7. .5O'
travellers pass over the bridge on theil
The Washington times., 1903-03-22

Vivian OF Islip. l.. l.. who built her
there six years ago. She is 12O feet
lang and 80 feet wide amIdships Her
bottom is made OF four inches OF plank.
a layer OF tar paper and then another
layer of plank two inches thick
strength rendered necessary by the
strain TO which her hull is submitted.
In the six year, OF her career the
dredge has never leaked and is as sound
today as when Juilt.
Mr.. Vivian makes a speciality OF dredg-
ing and filling in at the same time.
and the Alice Vivian has been devoted
10 that purpose alone. frequently TAX
ing contracts which had 10 be aband-
oned by smaller dredges. She filled in
the ground at League Islaud and filled
ninety acres for II. o. Hsvemeyer. be-
sides doing a number OF other import
ant Jobs.
Repairs Made on Board.
Few machine shops in the country
could do the work which is done on the
dredge almost every day without notice.
Duplicates OF every part Of the ma
chinery are carried. but when duplicates
are exhausted IL is no trouble 10 make
originals. Every repair and every sub
stitution needed on the craft is made
bv her own force. The crew has been
employed by Mr. Vivian on the same
craft for years and each member takes
pride in seeing how fast repairs can
be made.
This celerity in resumins operations
after a breakdown gave the crew the
laugh" on an officer in the United States
engineers service a few weeks ago. He
was on board 10 watch the machinery
when an inch and a quarter chain which
The free lance. (Fredericksburg, Va.) 1885-1926, 1903-04-04
WHAT IS malaga

Malaga is not designed To be n Cure all
as at first might appear Itis n purelv
vegetable compound, containing the ac-
tive medicinal properties which Nature
has placed in the hands of the careful
student in the realm of Botanical research
am is the result of years OF pra .tical eN-
p'rience IN the laboratories Of two of
the most successful practitioners in the
United states, men who enjoy the fruits
OF an International reputation. we'll and
nobiy earned 10y their success in combat.
ing disease with Natures own remedies
Malaga lie especially prepared tocombat
ID destroy the germs of Malaria. Chills
la Grippe and Fever It arts quickly.
eliminating the disease through the Ria.
neys and Liver. healing and purifving
them and cleaning the blood OF refuse
matter and disease
Malaga will cure Acuts and Chronic Kid
uey and Liver Troubles. Pains in the
Back Joints and Limbs Mucous Blood
or Brick Dust in I rine. IL strengthen
the rinary Organs and makes Thicl
sluggish aud sranty Urine How freely
NJ will
IL strengt hens the Mucous Membranes
hat are effected 10y Catarrh. Colds. etc
Meeting radical ard quick cure
Malaga Is also composed Of slightly biz;
ter tonic principles which make il an
zeal ionic and Appetizer and cure for
NERVOUSNESS, Indigestion and stomach
Troubles
Anyone living in Malariai. ChilI- and
typhoid Districts should ALWAYS have "A
bottle of Malaga on hand and take il one,
or twice day To prevent contamination
with those diseases which are ever pre.
sent AMI ready 10 attack "A dehilitated
and enfeyblei body Fortify yourself
against these attacks by taking Malya A.
directed
For sale 10y all druggists Suall bottles
zoe Large size :
The free lance. (Fredericksburg, Va.) 1885-1926, 1903-04-04
PeNNELL's LIFE INSURANCE
is Now the Surviving Element Of In
teress in Buffalo Tragedy.

is Now the Surviving Element Of In
teres, in Buffalo Tragedy.
Buffalo. y Y. April THE life in
surance OF Arthur Il. Pennell now CON
stitutes the surviving element OF in
terest in the Pennell- Burdick tragedy.
From Information obtained. IL appears
that the life insurance is the factor
that has been working for the post
ponemcnt of the inquest into the death
of Pencil and is still active in that
direction. II is claimed on good au-
thority that the activity OF former Dis
trict Attorney Penney TO have the PEN
nell inquest postponed arose from
financial considerations.
As to the probability OF litigation.
the only persons who can speak with
authority are the agents Of the various
companies with which Pencil was i'm
sured. and those who have suicidal
clauses in their contracts are silent
The free lance. (Fredericksburg, Va.) 1885-1926, 1903-04-04
Thursday,
April 9th, 1908

Will leave Urbanna at 6 a.
IN. and arrive at fredericksburg
at 4 P. m, and will return Fri
day, the 10th, leaving Freder
icksburg at ii a. IN. and arrive
at Urbanna at 10 p m
Take advantage Of these low
rates and do your Easter shop
ping.
Round trip from Urbanna
and all wharves between Ur-
hanna and Tappahannock ST..
Tappahannock anda all wharQes
between Tappahannock and
Port Royal - cents.
Port Royal and all wharves
between Port Royal and Fred
ericksburg so cents.
The free lance. (Fredericksburg, Va.) 1885-1926, 1903-04-04

Major Pond, the lecture manager
was negotiating with John Kendrick
Bangs for the latter's talk on The Ev.
oiution of the Humorist" The major
made some inquiries as to the scope OF
The lecture, and Bangs replied that II
began with Adam and Eve and came
down TO the present day.
Cant you give 'em something older
than thatF" the manager asked joking
ly.
The funny man reflected for mo-
ment and then said. Il might work in
some Of your jokes if you think the au.
dience viii stand it."