davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
BoletiÌn mercantil de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 18??-1918, 1903-01-17
Juzego sle EoEaer1das
METER Ell dIERRO AL FUEGO

Los jugadores Sc colocan como 81
quisiesen Jugar al "pie de buey," con
la sola diferencia de que en- lugar de
poner la mano sobre la rodilla del ju-
gador que le toca en- turno, cada cual
alarga el fndice de la mano derecha y
pone el extreme del miSmo Sobre la ro-
dilla del jugador, que Sc llama el
"fogon, Todos, menos ell "fogon, -
pondran sus respec:ivos dedos, ell uno
cerca del otro, diciendo: "Pongamos,
pongamos los hierros al fuego. iQulen
10 mande?' pregunta ell fogon. "Juan
de Ia Grania," responder los hierros.
"IQuien 10 ha dicho? Juan Capricho -
Dedos y hierros, hierros y dedos. todos
son presos."
Y pronunciando estas 1ltimas pala-
bras, el "fogon" agarra el dedo que
puede atrapar, porque aunque todos Sc
retiran, siempie queda alguno.
Cuando para evitar ser preso, Sc qui-
tan los hierros muy de prisa, y este su
cede antes que el fogon haya pronun-
ciado la Erase "presos," el que. Sc ha
precipitado en- esta operaci6n, paga una
prenda. La paga igualmente el que
Sc deja prender y reemplaza al "fogon"
en- su papel.
81 muchos jugadores son presos I'm
mismo tempo, uno de ellos hace de
'fogon" para los otros.
Ell juego es mas animado y las prem
d:s mas abundantes cuando Sc ponen
Ia vez los dedos fndices de las dos ma
nos.
BoletiÌn mercantil de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 18??-1918, 1903-01-17
PAR A CURAR Ell RESFRIADO
81 EN- UN .DlA

tome las PASTILLAS LAXANTES
DE BROMO-QUININA. E1 boticario
ie devolvera el dinero 81 no Sc cura. Le
frna de E.. w. GROVE Sc halla ca
cada caiita. ,s....
BoletiÌn mercantil de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 18??-1918, 1903-01-17
iQUO VADIS?

Toma Ell zurron y ell palo, peregrino,
No detengas el paSo pereZosO,
Caminar sin deScanSO eS tn deSt1nO;
Prosigue sin desmayos, animoso,
Que te aguarda al final de tn jOrnada
Un lugar de silencio y de reposo.
Cuando miras la senda dilatada
Que Sc abre frente ii, ique interminable
Ie pareCe eXtenderse, y que escarpada
Un vago sentimiento Undesirable,
Un anhelO secreto y encendido
Te 1mpulsa con deseo irrealizable,
En- pos de I'm ideal desconocido
Que encierra en- su n1isterio inexplorado
Ell encanto del bien apetecido.
iCuantas veces llegaste deslumbrado
A la puerta de alcazar refulgente
Creyendo ALI tn viae terminado;
CruZaste los umbraleS impaciente
Corriste las estancaS encantadaS
Buscando el bien que ell corazon presiente;
Y, sus alas cayendo desoladas,
"Aqui no el,' ell corazon n1urmura
Al pasar las estancias apartadas
Mas ALA Su Illusion sc lie figura,
CORES otra vez por el camino
Tras la sombra fugaz de la ventura.
Y S1emprc nf ,4uAc e~egrino
Miranda deshacerse en- lodtananza,
Cual ret1eo del astro vespertno
Aquel fantasma que janas sc alcanza,
Quimera vas forjapdo tras quimera,
Cada muerta Illusion nueva esperanza.
va tocas el final de tn Carrera,
a traspones la cumbre de la vida
tuS plantaS Sc extiende la Iibera
DE aq uel m II tenebrosO que esCond1da
Guarda la clave del deStno humane
En- la Opuesta ribera Obscurecida.
iQulen podra descifrar tan hondo arcane
Con sorpresa veras como tenderte
Acerca tt su descarnada mano
La ilnagen eSpantable de la muerte,
Que siguiendo tus pasos sgilosa
lie brinda el hondO arcane esClareCerte.
81 en- tu pecho conservas fe ardorosa
Sera la muerte tn Certero guia,
Compahera benigna amorosa;
Mas que horrible odiada compa1ia
81 la duda en- tn pecho Sc aposenta
Mordiendo al corazon en- su agonja
Oh imagen terrorifica sangrienta
Que cruzas por el alma trepidante
Con ell sordo fragor de ia tormenta
Peregrinos, que en- narcha vacilante
Ell vale de la vida recorremos
IraS un Sueno, con alma delirante:
ST en- la muerte tan solo encontraremos
La cifra miSteriOSa del destino
Que envuelve nueStto ser cuando nacemoS;
Sigamos sin desmayoS ell camino,
Hagamos de la muerte companera
Y en- ella meditemOs de cOntinO.
Y abrazada la Cruz con fe sincera.
Puesta en- su alta virtud la confanza
Lleguemos de aquel mar a la ribera
Henchido Ell corazon por la esperanto
ALFONSO ORTIZ De LA TORRE.
BoletiÌn mercantil de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 18??-1918, 1903-01-17
Los sres. CaIdas y Ca.
en- liqllidaci6n

Han trasladado shs o6cinas a la calle
de la Fortaleza ndmero So. 3-3
The San Francisco call., 1903-12-27
CHILD TEMPERAMENTS
By VIM. J. shearer. A.M.Pd.D.

er narrow; neck, longer than usual;
build, rather light; often quite tall and
very thin.
A child Of nervous temperament is
apt to be impulsive and excitable.
quickly provoked and just as quickly
reconciled, persistent in work, very
apt to study harder in school than is
best. apt to be cheerful, likely to speak
quite rapidly. in many cases undecided
about action.
What terrible mistakes parents are
daily making in the treatment Of the
child of nervous temperament! The
nervous child acts on the minute from
Impulse. II such a child is angry or
stubborn, don't be too hasty. Give the
child a little time. Speak gently and
quietly. The result will be the child
will change for the better in a moment.
The government of such a child must
contain much Of love, though IT may De
full of quiet determination. Parents
should beware lest, by harsh treatment,
they rouse all the worst passions OF the
ohild's soul. 1t is just as easy to give
such a child the direction needed, In a
way which will enlist all It's best SYM
pathies. 1t is a nervous child who Is
found breaking down mentally and
physically because Of over-study. Such
a child is apt to gain in mind at the
expense of his health.
The Lymphatic Temperament.
Light hair and eyes; complexion,
without much color: face. square;
nose, rather fat: neck. short: build,
rather heavy. A child of the lymphat-
ic temperament is not apt to be i'm
pulsive or excitable, is not easily pro-
yoked, finds it hard to forgive, plods
along persistently, rather slow Of mo-
ton and of speech, cares little for mus
cular exercise.
The child of a lymphatic tempera-
ment needs a little more vigorous
treatment than the nervous child. While
parents should at all times be kind.
they may be more energetic and force
full with a child of this temperament.
Such a child will not need so much di-
rection as the nervous child. However.
he will stand, without great injury, far
more harshness. A child of this dispo-
sition is often believed to be stubborn,
whereas in truth the child is naturally
slow to comprehend and act.
The Bilious Temperament.
Hair, quite dark or black; eyes, quite
dark: complexion, dark: face, rather
square: nose, somewhat outspread;
neck, short: build. quite heavy.
A child of a bilious temperament is
not apt to be impulsive or serious. Is
likely to be rather passionate. re-
vengeful. Jealous and. in many cases,
unscrupulous. In work and play, ear
The San Francisco call., 1903-12-27

N HE study Of temperaments con-
siders all characteristics of the
body which show any mental pc
i culiarity. For two thousand years
1t has been recognized to be a subject
of great Importance. For many years
it has been known that study of tenn
peraments was one of the best ways of
learning to know people as they really
are. Only lately has the Importance
of a knowledge of temperaments been
considered as useful for the teacher.
Seldom, If ever, has been emphasized
the Importance Of parents studying this
subject, that they may train more sat-
isfactorily their own children.
Every person knows in a vague sort
Of way that many whom they meet
have their characters stamped indeli-
bly, upon their faces. So clearly do their
characteristics stand out that we feel
almost able to read their thoughts.
How few have ever considered the i'm
portance of determining, roughly at
least, the temperament which predom-
mates in each child. Yet to large ex-
tent parents might thus determine not
only the best treatment for the train
ing of any child, but they could fire.
quently determine for what profession
each one is best suited. While few, If
any, have emphasized this fact, still
fewer will dare deny the truth Of the
statement.
A very large proportion Of ruined
children are the victims of training,
such as the parent would never have
subjected them to had they appreciated
the peculiarities of certain tempera-
ments.
After having determined their own
temperaments parents should try to de-
termine what characteristics of any
temperament are most marked in each
child. Having certainly determined this,
a few suggestions may be of untold
value to the present and future well
fare of the child.
The Nervous Temperament.
Hair, light brown; eyes. generally
gray; complexion, clear: face generally
tapers toward narrow chin; nose, rath-
The San Francisco call., 1903-12-27

alyze and ultimately kill. AS this dead
ly effect can be produced with a minute
speck 1t can be easily understood that
radium in any quantity would be dis
astrous to human beings.
Professor Curie even asserts that he
would not venture into a room contain
ing two or three pounds of the element
for fear that his eyesight would be de-
stroyed, his skin burned and possibly
he would be fatally stricken. Radium
destroys the terminating power of
seeds, kills the larvae of butterflies and
had such a bactericidal effect that it
has been used to good purpose in the
treatment of skin diseases, and even in
cancer. It's power of causing other
bodies to become luminous renders 1t
invaluable in the testing of precious
stones. BY it's aid diamonds are rem
dered phosphorescent and can thus be
readily distinguished from paste imi-
tations, which are not so sensitive to
the rays.
Recent writer's on the subject have
gone so far as to say that pound of
radium uncontrolled would annihilate
the earth, that in smaller portions 1t
would aid in the transmutation of
metals. that it may solve the problm
of light without heat, perfect wireless
communication and achieve possibilities
still beyond the horizon of our knowl-
edge. Many hypothesis have been ad-
vanced to explain the wonderful mani
festations of radium. It is considered
certain that part of the emanations are
streams or torrents of material parti-
cles infinitely smaller than the atom,
which until now has been considered
the smallest subdivision of matter, pro-
jected necessarily by the subject itself
with a speed at least 1000 miles a sec
ond. Beyond this fact little is known
1t is yet to be determined what prop
erty of matter permits any form Of it
to maintain a practically eternal en-
ergy in expelling stream of frag-
ments of it's own mass so small that
they cause no appreciable loss in
weight. and what is the form of the
matter thus projected.
The San Francisco call., 1903-12-27
WONDERS OF RADIUM
By William Greer Harrison

practical science the most remarkable
physical phenomenon humanity has
seen.
Briefly, the facts of the remarkable
discovery are as follows: A French
chemist named BecQuerel had acci-
dentally placed a sensitive photo
graphic plate wrapped in light-proof
paper in a drawer with a piece of the
phosphorescent salt of the element
uranium. Several days later it oc-
CURED to him to develop the plate.
and to his amazement he found that,
in spite of the darkness Of the drawer,
and in spite Of the nght-proof en-
velope, the plate had been affected.
Subsequent Investigations proved that
the uranium rays resembled the So
called x rays In their power to pene-
trate apparently Opaque objects.
BecQuerel confined his attentions to
uranium. not dreaming that almost
within his grasp was one Of the most
important discoveries Of the age.
It was at this hour that Madame
Curie was led to the study of uranium
compounds and luminous substances.
A woman Of brilliant scientific attain
AAACANa chO OAO06hN a HH1A-QGfGlODGQ
mind to the work. She began an ex-
haustive research Of the residue of
pitchblende, a peculiar black ere
found in Bohemia, Saxony, Cornwall
and Colorado. from which uranium is
derived. Assisted by her husband,
also a scientist. Madame Curie thor
oughly examined a specimen of Bo-
hemian pitchblende residue utterly
devoid Of uranium, and found 1t much
more active than any uranium salt.
It was clear from this that energetic
substances never even thought Of re-
mained to be identified.
The search Of this remarkable wom-
an resulted in the discovery OF two
elements. One she named "polon-
ium," after the land Of her birth; the
other was christened "radium." Both
were found to be "radio-active'-a
word invented by Madame Curie. The
details Of her investigations are in
teresting.
In the first place, she had to Sc
cure several tons OF pitchblende res
idue. This enormous massewas found
to contain nearly all the metals to a
greater or less degree. It was neces-
sary TO separate such different metals
as lead and calcium sulphate, silica,
iron, oxide, aluminium, copper, bis
muth, zinc, cobalt, antimony, niobium,
barium, nickel, tantalium. arsenic and
others. Finally, after much costly
chemical work. the Curies reduced
the pitchblende residue into portions
containing different elements. These
were separately exposed to photo
graphic plates wrapped in Iight-proof
paper for the purpose of isolating
The San Francisco call., 1903-12-27

~ IL scientists IN all ages have
begun their Investigations on
recurring accidents with what is
called a working hypothesis
that is, in ordinary parlance, a good
guess. So It is with the latest scien-
tic discovery, radium, which appears
70 throw of continuously an amount
Of energy OF a very high order with
out loss IN weight or diminution in
force. II also appears to send out par
ticles OF matter in the light which it
yields. In that respect the radium light
differs from sun or electric light, and
unless q mechanical or chemical shield
can be placed between the particles Of
matter and any object upon which
the light is turned there would be dan
ger, where the object is a delicate one,
of its serious hurt, II not destruction.
A great deal has been claimed for ra-
dunn. A great deal was and is claimed
for the Roentgen ray and the Finson
ray, but we must not expect too much
at the moment from any one Of these
discoveries. They are ell three Of the
shighest value In the world Of science,
but their Introduction to the world as
remedial agents viii be deferred until
we know more OF them. Already the
X-ray and-the Flnson ray have been
most usefully applied-but even with
them the application is for the present
limited.
Radium IS in a class by itself and Is
q wonder-w worker. OF course the sensa-
tional side OF the discovery has been
done TO death in the press. Romantic
writer's with vivid Imagination have
found in radium what Ponce de Leon
found in Florida-the elixir Of life. The
blind are to be healed, the deaf made
70 hear and the lame to walk, by the
use Of radium. A number Of quasi
miracles have already been offered to
the public, but scientific men have
placed these stories where they belong.
No mans sight has been restored. no
deaf mute has been made to speak or
hear, and the lame have refused to
walk
Still the possibilities OF this wonder
III A-EAcAs LAAlE ldAAAA4As AAAoA SCI d6 al
guessing, and in our guessing we may
find that working hypothesis to which
7 have previously referred.
Now ii is time TO come down to the
story Of radium itself. which premise
by saying that the world owes it's graf
itude to Madame Curie. the prime dis
coverer Of radium, for bringing into
The San Francisco call., 1903-12-27

those which were radioactive. The
active substances were concentrated
by arduous processes, until at last a
few hundredths of a grain Of enor-
mously active radium were obtained.
The accepted theory of radium is
that 1t Is an element that shoots of
particles OF itself into space at such
terrific speed that 100000 miles Sec
ond is considered a low estimate. Hot-
withstanding the fact that this waste
goes on continually and at such enor-
nous velocity the actual loss Is almost
nothing. One result Of this marvellous
emission Of particles is the maintenance
Of heat three degrees higher than the
air which surrounds 1t. 1t has been
proved that radium not only possesses
this remarkable property, but that its
rate OF heat emission remains un-
changed regardless OF the temperature
Of the element which surrounds It.
In other words, there is no percep-
tible variation when the air that sur
rounds it is OF 80 degrees or that OF
S12 degrees Fahrenheit, when air be-
comes LIQUID. So wonderful Is this ele-
ment given to the world by Nine. Curie
that the most brilliant scientific inves-
tigators both here and abroad are put
ting forth the greatest systematized
efforts to discover new properties. Con-
lectures that seem wildly improbable
are daily made public. yet 1t cannot be
denied that radium has extraordinary
possibilities. 1t is so highly luminous
that print can be read by it's light, and
curiously enough, it possesses the pow
er OF imparting it's own luminosity to
other bodies which in their normal
state are quite inactive.
So powerful is the Photographic ac-
ton Of radium that it is capable of pen
etrating black paper and other opaque
objects as readily as sunlight passes
through clear glass. Held against the
temple OF a blind man radium will so
affect the retina that the sensation of
light is produced. Applied to the nerve
centers Of small animals the rays par
The San Francisco call., 1903-12-27

nest, persistent. careful and decided.
Next to the nervous child the child
of bilious temperament is most apt to
be greatly injured by improper meth
DDS of management. The child Of a
sanguine or Of the Emphatic tempera-
ment viii stand a great deal of i'm
proper treatment without being great
ly injured. Not so with those OF other
temperaments. How many children OF
this temperament have been driven
from school or from home to the Jail or
the gallows because Of improper treat
ment! The child OF this temperament
will not soon forget it's anger. There
will remain the pouting and mean dis
position to get even. He Is almost as
hard to deal with as a balky horse.
Nothing but great kindness will enable
a parent to properly manage the child
Of this temperament. Beware OF too
much harshness here, especially with
the older child.
The Sanguine Temperament.
Hair, reddish; eyes, quite light. gen
orally blue; complexion, quite horid:
face, nose and neck same as bilious
temperament.
A child OF the sanguine temperament.
like the child with the nervous temper
ament, IS likely to be imp.usivs. ex-
citable, quickly provoked and easily
reconciled. He Is apt to be quite cheer
ful and look on the bright side Of
things. Less imaginative than the child
OF nervous temperament but more emo
tional. A child OF this temperament Is
likely to be happy In the pursuit OF any
object, little or great.
The sanguine child Is really quite
hard to manage at times. Tears flow
quite easily. Angry looks and improper
words are likely to be frequent. This
child must have a firm government.
There need be very little said II It Is
spoken in kindness, but what Is said
must be said with frmness.
While 1t is very easy to find children
who show most Of the characteristics
of some one temperament, II Is very
difficult to find q child who shows all
the characteristics OF any temperament.
Nearly all have what may be called
mixed temperaments, which show some
of the characteristics Of two or more
temperaments. However, one OF the
four mentioned will probably predomi-
nate.
While some may prefer one tempera-
ment and others another. II would seem
that that individual is most fortunate
who Is blessed with a balanced temper
ament In the balanced temperament
the four temperaments blend, so that
the Objectionable tendencies "A each are
tempered in such a way as to give the
most satisfactory results.
The San Francisco call., 1903-12-27

health his mental vfgor mastered his
bodily weakness. and he went through
scenes and strife like that described
by ST. Paul as to what he endured in
his labors as Apostle of the Gentiles.
If O'Brien had been born in France at
the time of Lafayette he would prob
ably have been found at the top of a
barricade or leading a forlorn hope
against the Bastile. The whole ap-
pearance of the man indicates a
restless, enthusiastic character like
what we would expect to find in
Peter the Hermit at the time OF the
Crusades. He began life in the hum
blest walk Of Journalism and step by
step he advanced until he became edi-
tor of United Ireland, a newspaper
founded by ParneIl in opposition to
the Freeman's Journal. which was
considered too slow for the times. He
proved himself the very embodiment
Of the militant journalist. Day after
day he poured hot shot into the camp
OF the enemy. The Chief Secretary
for Ireland at the time, Mr.. Forster
felt that either United Ireland
should be crushed or that he should
pull up his stakes and quit. The
paper was suppressed and William
O'Brien was put into prison as a "sus-
pect" without trial before Judge or
jury. When william Forster threw
up the sponge and retired from the
administration Of Irish affairs O'Brien
was released only to continue in still
iercer and more defiant tone his at
tacks upon the coercion regime. 1t is
-
supporters OF the Parnen policy be-
longed to the journalistic profession.
A. M. and T. d. Sullivan, Sexton,
Healy. O'Brien, Harrington, T. p.
O'Connor, Justin Mccarthy and his
son, Justin Huntly Mccarthy. made
imperishable names for themselves as
heroes in the strife. Most of them
have risen to fame and fortune. Space
will permit me only to refer to one OF
this bright galaxy. Not since the days
of Burke and Sheridan did an Irish
orator command such attention in the
House OF Commons as Thomas Sexton,
the present editor of the Dublin
Freemans Journal. When the House
had barely quorum present,
the whisper, Sexton is on his legs
was sufficient to fill the empty benches
with members Of every party. In con-
sequence Of his brilliant record he
had the exceptional honor Of election
TO Parliament from an Ulster constitu-
ency within the very corral Of the
enemy. Since his retirement the most
strenuous efforts have been made. in
vain. to induce him to return to the
scene of his triumphs in the House OF
Commons. Gladstone, in a letter TO
Lady Wellesley, described Sexton as a
master" and acknowledged in mat
ters OF finance he was second TO
none" AS Lord Mayor of Dublin.
Sexton made a most enviable record.
At present he believes he can serve his
country best by sticking to his post in
the editorial chair of the Freemans
Journal, where his services are called
into great requisition since the pas
sage of the Wyndham land bill. He
has passed through the darkness and
the dangers of the jungle and the for
est into the open and now sees a
clear path and bright sunshine over
head.