davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Lancaster ledger. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1852-1905, 1903-01-21

Items From WaXiiaw Enterprise.
Messrs. Edd. and Ell Thomp
son, of Lancaster county, are
among the number of new board
ing students who have recently
entered Waxhaw Institute.
Mt. j. r. Eason, of Osceola,
has moved his family to Waxhaw
in order to place his children in
WaXhaw Institute. Mr.. Eason
himself remains at Osceola with
his mercantile business there.
Several subscribers have
told US within the past few weeks S
that they would certainly pay
their subscription in a few days
if they lived. Not having heard
from or seen any of these since
they told us; we naturally sup
pose that they are dead, and
would be glad if some of their
relatives or friends would write
up and send to us a nice obituary
for each, giving a brief history
OF their lives, cause aud time of
death, and any other facts of in
tcrest to the public.
The Lancaster ledger. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1852-1905, 1903-01-21
Death of Thos IL. Magiil,

His many old friends in this
county will sorrow to learn of the
death Of Mr.. Thos. r. Magill,
brother of Mr.. j. L. Magill of
kershaw, which occurred at his
home in Charlotte, N. c., last
Friday night after a protrscted
illness.
Mr.. Maglll was born April sth,
1926, and was a native of South
Carolina. He was a confederate
soldier and mem Der of Company
II. Fourth South Carolina Cav
airy. He served gallantly during
the entire war and surrendered
AprlL26, 1865.
The Observer of Saturday says:
He had been q resident of Char
lette for 80 years or more and
was popular and respected citi-
zen. At one time he wasin the
grocery business in this city and
a member of the firm of Scott &
Magill. He is survived by one
daughter, Mrs. Mary M. Horton.
Mr.. Nagill was an elder in the
FIRST Associate Reformed Presby-
terian church in this city. For
many years during the infancy of
the church he was its support and
the present success of the church
Is largely due to the faithfulness
and energy of Mr.. Magill. The
funeral services will be conducted
at the church this afternoon a.
$3.50 O'Clock by the pastor, Rev.
DR.. y. Knox Montgomery.
The Lancaster ledger. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1852-1905, 1903-01-21
SHERIFF'S SALE
STATEOF SOUTH CAROLINA,


COUNTY FLANCASTER,
In Court Common Pleas.
WIN I'm NJ Gregory, J owen Grego,
~, homas > Gregory, NJ. Eliza
oeth Biackmon Alice Gregory a.,
W. Russell Gregory, Plaintiffs,
AGAINST
Amos Z Gregory in his own right and
as administrator Of the estate of
MoiIie L Gregory, dec eased.
PURSUANT to an order of court
4 made in the above case by Judge
James Aldrich, October, 20, 1902. I
VIII sell at tn" cOurt house door within
tne regal hours OF sale, at the risk OF
tne former purchaser, TO the highest
bidder, on the
FIRST M0nday uu February, 1908
being the second dav of the month
the following described premises, to
wit:
All that piece, parcel or lot of land
situate IN the county and state afore-
Saiu, containing ten 10l acres, and
6oundei on the North by lands of w .
hussell Gregory; on the East by lands
OF NJ. Elizabeth Blackmon; on the
south by lands of said NJ. Elizabeth
Biackmnn; oN the West by lands of
lice Gregory and Amos & Gregory.
Halu lands being "A part of the estate
iahus OF Willis Gregory, deceased, aud
des1gha' ed as tract No /.
There is a dwelling on the above
premises,
IermS of 'ale CASH. Purchaser to
pay Tor al neces- ary papers.
J. p, HUNTER,
The Lancaster ledger. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1852-1905, 1903-01-21
The Lancaster Delegation.

N)S'>S
|, Members of the Legislature from
Lancaster County were assigned
on committees as follows:
Senator Hough on six commit
tees: Enrolled bills, Penal and
charitable institutions, engrossed
bills, Judiciary, Privileges and
elections, and committee on re-
trenchment.
Representative Williams is
chairman of the committee on
State house and grounds and is
,econd on the House judiciary
committee. He is also on the
committee on Rules.
Representative Potts was ap-
pointed on the committee on Ag-
ricu!ture, also on the committee
on Privileges and elections
The Lancaster ledger. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1852-1905, 1903-01-21

Governor elect Hayward will
probably be inaugurated to-day.
The Lancaster ledger. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1852-1905, 1903-01-21
Store Burned at MagiII

The building known as the old
Stanley store and dwelling com.
bined at Magill or Russell place,
was destroyed by fire last Friday
night. 1t was owned by Mr..
Simon Bruce and was worth about
S400. 1t was occupied at the
time by Mr.. Geo. G. Bell who
saved none of his goods, the fire
having made too much headway
before being discovered. The
loss is total as neither Mr.. Bruce
nor Mr.. Bell carried any insur-
ance. There is suspicion that
the fire was of incendiary origin,
but Sheriff Hunter, who was sent
for and spent day or more in
vestigatlne the burning, was un-
able to get any clue which would
warrant an arrest or make certain
that the fire was incendiary.
The Lancaster ledger. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1852-1905, 1903-01-21
Barn and Stock Burned.

Mr.. j q. Wilks's barn was
burned yesterday morning about
4 O'Clock, together with a horse,
two mules, two COWS and all his
forage. Mr.. Wilks was away from
home and had one mule with him,
the only one saved. The barn
was set on fire, according to re
port, and it is said that the in
cendiary is known. Mr.. Wilks
had no insurance and the loss Is
severe. Chester Lantern.
The Lancaster ledger. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1852-1905, 1903-01-21
SHERIFFS SALE
STATE OF SOUTH CAROLINA

STATE OF SOUTH CAROLINA
COUNTY OF LANCASTER
In CouIt of Common Pleas
The Springs Banking and Mercantile
Co, PtdtntiH,
Mary T.. Williams, Defendunt.
DURSJANT TO an order Of court
4 make in the above case by Judge
James Aldrich, October % 1902, I will
sell at the court house door within the
legal hours of sale on the
First Monday tn February. next
being the second day of the month the
following described land, to wit:
All that piece, parcel or tract of land
situate III the County of Lar caster,
state OF South Carolina. containing
three hundred and seventeen
SIS 1CreS, More or Less.
bounded on the North by lands of
Joshua w. Hendricks, on the East by
lands now claimed by the heirs at law
or George w. Crenshaw. deceased
(known as the Baily place. and lands
or Reuben Patterson, and on the West
by lands now or formerly of a. D.'Hil
lard and Thomas Barton-the said
tract being known as the Martha Gill
lum tract.
Terms OF sale CASH. Purchasersto
pay for papers.
j. p. Hunter,
Sheriff l.. G.
GREEN e. HINES,
Plaintiffs Attys.
The Lancaster ledger. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1852-1905, 1903-01-21

Miss Hattie Elliott and Mas
ter Eugene are visiting their sis
ter, Mrs. J.'B. Mackore1.
Mr.. L. T. Hunter, our eff :
cient chief of police, has had his
residence newly painted.
Lost! A memorandum book
with market account, also 81 bill.
Finder can have dollar bill if book
is returned to
MANLY J.'PoRTER,
Cor. Main and Dunlap St.
Rev. w. H. Ariail received
a telegram Wednesday bearing
the sad news of the death of his
brother John A. Ariail, which
occurred that day at his home in
Piedmont. Rock Hill Herald.
See change ia schedule l.. &
O.. in this issue. The morning
train for Chester now leaves at
7:15 instead of 6:45. aud arrives
In Chester at SIS, making all
connections as heretofore.
ALI ladies interested in the
erection of Confederate Monu>
ment and especially those who as
sisted in the Bazaar, either by
contributing articles or otherwise,
are earnestly requested to meet
at the residence OF Mrs. Ira B.
Jones Thursday afternoon at 3
o'clock.
The Lancaster ledger. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1852-1905, 1903-01-21
Tribute From Lancaster

On receiving the sad news of
the death of Mr.. N. &. Gonzales
last Monday afternoon, the follow
ing telegram was sent by Mayor
Il. E. Wylio to The State:
Lancaster, Jan. 19.-Mr. N.
&. Gonzales had many warm adj
mirers here and his death has
saddened the entire community.
How can dear old South Carolina
do without her peerless son is a
question that cannot be answered.
But his unseltish service to the
State In times that tried men .
souls WILDE his monument. Tru-
ly he died martyr to duty and
the cause of truth which was dear
TO his heart.
Col. Leroy Springs, who was
in New York at the time, sent
the following message to Mr.. A.
+. Gonzales, brother of the de-
ceased:
Now York-Have just heard
here of the death of your much
esteemed brother. l beg to ex-
tend my heartfelt sympathy to
you all. 1 consider his death q
great loss to our State
! Leroy Springs.
The Lancaster ledger. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1852-1905, 1903-01-21
Deaths.

Deaths.
Mr., Alex Baker, an aged citi-
zen of the IaXabaw section, died
on Wednesday last after a pro-
tracted illness. He was about
80 years of age and leaves surviv-
ing him son and three daughters.
His remains were inferred at
Pleasant Plain Thursday.
MIR. Will Sistare, of Wax
haw died last Sunday after a
protracted illness of typhoid fever
nd his remains were inferred in
Tlrzah church yard on Monday.
He was about so years of age
and had been married less than a
year. His wodow survives him.
The Lancaster ledger. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1852-1905, 1903-01-21
S1.5O PER ANNUA
Notice to Debtors and Creditors
Of ] 4 EStridge.

All persons indebted to the es-
tate OF j. a. Estridge are hereby
notified to make settlement at
once; and all persons to whom
he was indebted will present their
claims property sworn to or be
barred in twelve months, to the
undersigned.
w. MARCUS EsTR1DGE,
Jan. 13, 1903-Im. Admr.
The Lancaster ledger. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1852-1905, 1903-01-21
Local IA alters
have Brede's
Steam Bread
SEMI w EEEh0

Miss Allie Hood is visiting
relatives at Rock Hill.
Mr.. j. l.. Poag made a bus
mess trip to Rock Hill this week.
Miss Lillian Little, of Win
gate, N. c., is visiting Mrs. Jas.
Hallman in the Unity section.
Presiding Elder Meadors will
hold the first quarterly conference
Tor this. conference year at St.
Luke church next Saturday.
Miss Alma Tillman, the Int.
tie daughter of Mrs. Annie r.
Tillman, who has had severe
case of jaundice, is convalescent.
Mrs. j. D. Adams returned
home Yesterday from a protracted
visit to her parents at Bridgewa-
ter, N. e.
Q d Jones, Esq, Of the Lancas
ter bar, attended the State bar
ASSOCIATION meeting and banquet
in Columbia last week.
-5843 pounds, net, was the
weight of thorough bred Berk>
shirs hog slaughtered by Mr.. j.
N. Estridge OF White Bluff on
Friday last.
At the annual banquet of the
State bar association held in Co.
lumbia last Friday night, Judge
Ira b. Jones, of this place, re-
sponded to the toast "The Judi
ciary."
Hon. L. Y. Williams, of this
place, was elected vice-president
of the State bar association from
the 9th Judicial District for the
ensuing year at the annual meet
ing held in Columbia last Friday.
Our aged and respected
tewnsman, Mr.. w. r. Bennett,
had a severe attack of some ner-
vous affection Sunday afternoon
and has been confined to his bed
since.
Mr.. -. Robins, who has
been the assistant Supt., of the
Lancaster Cotton Mills the past
year, has been made superinten>
dent of the Eureka Mills in Ches-
ter and went over last week to en-
ter upon his duties as such.
Married, on Thursday, Jany.
18th, 1908, by Rev. Jos. p. Den
dy, Mr.. Geo. A. Bowers of Oak.
hurst ana Miss Eliza Horton,
daughter of Mr.. W. S. Horton of
Kershaw.
Married, recently, by Magis
trate Mobley of Heath Springs,
Miss Minnie Reeves, daughter of
Mr.. j. j. Reeves of the Oakhu, s,
section, and Mr.. Grover Horton.
MIR. aud Mrs. j. W. Bu'lo,
OF Richmond, V, and Mrs. D..
N. Mnckey of Heath Springs, are
visiting MIR. and Mrs. j. T. Mack
ey at this place.
The first quarterly confer
ence for Lancaster station M. f..
church South, the present year
will be held in the church Friday
night at 1880 o'clock. Rev. w.
T. Meadors, the new presiding
elder, will preach at Lancaster
Sunday night.
-Bishor Capers, who was to
have preached here, in the Epis-
copal church, last Monday night,
postponed his visitation to Lan-
caster until next Friday, 23rd
inst. He will preach Friday
night, at Z o'clock. The public
generally is cordially invited to
attend.
The Lancaster ledger. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1852-1905, 1903-01-21

The Best Prescription TO" Na'a"~
Chills and Fever is bottle of
Groves Tasteless Chill Tonic. 1t
is simply Iron and Quinine and
tasteless, No Cure No Pay.
The Lancaster ledger. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1852-1905, 1903-01-21

Our MIR. j. VI. Hood is al
ways in the market TO purchase
mules and cattle. AID don't you
forget it.
Lancaster Mercantile Go.
The Lancaster ledger. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1852-1905, 1903-01-21

So-To- Tssc for FIFTY Cents.
Guarantecd tobacco habit cure makes waap
men strong, b!oc" pure, soc. .el. All dIrgt,SS
The Lancaster ledger. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1852-1905, 1903-01-21
CLOSING
OUT SALE

On account of the Dissolution
Of our Flrm--a Notice of which
appears elsewhere in this paper
we are now offering our entire
Stock of Dry Goods, Shoes and
Clothing Al and BELOW
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1903-12-13

book" she said. "a New Yorker came
here to see me q few months ago, saying
that he wished me to write story to be
published by New York firm. I told him
/ was too busy to write, but he insisted
that ! should. He happened to mention
that the firm was just publishing some
work of Omar Khayyam's, so 1mmed-
lately thought of writing an answer to the
pesStmism of that poet
II directly. and emphatically dislike
Omar" and here Miss Kellers free left
hand shot forth forcibly in the air. coming
down on the arm of her chair: Her face
took on stern expression, and her right
Sullivan.
81 have shown in my story, which will
soon be published. why have every rea-
son In the world for being an optimist. 1t
Is only because I succeed In my undertake
ings. I think It is sometimes a good thing
to be a little blue. for after the rain the
sunshine can be better appreciated, but
pessimfsm is unforgivable.
This work on optimism Is only a book
let Of some eighty-fye pages. 1t is an alb
referred to my own life. 1 have shown in
1t that had lived in India, the almighty
seat Of pessimism, how dwarfed my life
would have been"
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1903-12-13
WALKS 900 MILES TO
LEAD BRIDE no ALTAR.
Stsker Gives Up HIS Vocation In Or
aer'Thst He May Wed the Woman
Of His Choice.

REPUBLIC SPECIAL.
Baltimore. Dec. Ia, letter received by
Me. Herman Etuercken. Lutheran mis-
sionazy stationed At the immigration Pier
at Locust Point, from NJ. Won Humbert. a
former stoker on board one Of the North
German Lloyd steamships. reveals the
climax to . romantic love affair which
he6 fts inception on the briny deep The
letter weo dated at Marengo, Ill, and 1t
c0neeSned the announcement OF the ap-
Hnne 81 the Of Tts5 to miss
nov resident OF the Illinois town
The hrst meeting Of the couple took
place several months ago; while Miss
Bremen on one Of the North German
steamships. Won Humbeft was stoker
on the vessel, and once while up on deck
lsbor down in the freroom Of the big ship
he NV Miss Schaefer. The two became
attracted to each other. and their meet
ings tnereafter during the voyage were
ship reached saltimore. Cupid had played
havoc with the hearts Of the couple, and
Won Humbert decided then and there to
Ject OF his love to the Western city to
which ahe was en- route.
when the immigrant train bearing the
Young woman left the yards at Locust
he did NOT ride far. however. for when
tho couductor came to collect tickets Won
Humbert did not have one, and the con-
bagee9e on his back Won Humbert
trudgea back to Baltimore disappointed.
but stu determined to follow his sweet
ne man raised 81 on his baggage and
then turned his face westward. After
ween OF trampinE and stealing rides on
freight trnius he finally reached Marengo,
~. ana Sas received With open arms by
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1903-12-13
DROWNING LAD is SAVED.
Dragged to the Shore by Rope in
His Teeth.

REPUBLIC SPECIAL.
Troy. N. Y. Dec. Fan escape from
drowning with rather unusual features oc-
CURED in the river near the Laureate
Boat Clubhouse. Allen Van Decar, aged
about II years, was playing on the Ice
ions, II fs said. dared him to walk out on
the thin ice which had been formed over
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1903-12-13

The boy grasped the timber. but his
hands became frozen stiff and useless. The
little fellow In the desperate circumstances
Dug his teeth into the timber and chung
Tor dear LIE. Mr.. Fafrelvs weight was
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1903-12-13

called for help. James Farrell. an en-
ploye of B. Cooper Co., ran to the river
and, procuring q piece of timber. he passed
u out on the water with direction 70 the
lad to grasp 1t until they could reach him
more conveniently.
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1903-12-13

a channel through which canal boats had
recently PASSED
He ventured out and the ice broke away
beneath him. He struggled in the water
ana held himself mp by grasping the ice.
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1903-12-13

the shed and secured rope He than
threw II to the boy and the later took q
arm hold with his teeth. BY this mean j
ne was gently taken from his perilouS no.
sition. The boys body was stfn and coid
aud he was nearly unconscious. s-''>-
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1903-12-13

MAYSTERNS, OF COURSE The The se sasys show gy
ery floor designers
genius upholstery Acres of useful beautiful and
prices that emphasize leadership
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1903-08-09
AGENTS, nExr LISTS.
Mercantile Trust Co..
EIGHTH AND LOCUST.
Ri MI IIST-

DID building; 25sta. and ,aSes.. D 1900
I1-l3 washington ave: through TO Luz "a ~,
n so s15 saiso square ann Feet s 50,
i; Madison h, ss teo. - ssdins
i5x7s: s-ysar lease: viii remodel 500
s. e sSr: Eleventh. and csrr: s-siory !, "a
1901 Lucas. stories and basement: 2ox -,
N. 20 coz. Main and oFaiion: s-siory ~
si5 \. seventeenth IT.. 5-siory building; -.
Ssss steam plant; s-year lsaset.;: z'fo
noors and basement; ehsine. boiler "a,
"a, and shaftins pos NoS: $500. ,d .i:. I'D
'' vstor a "a n'o' " a 1850
SIG Pine: store: elegant ioca,ion...-...-. 20
ELS rin Washin nes fG arc factory: 5xi35 o
400 y. Main. stories and basement; ,.,
14.4 y. Broadway. s-s,ory building. with "a
SIS Mo.ssn s:s.ory builG.as: se1:e -: Is
lofts: elevator and heat: l2s
ST Locust. ID floor; 2anios ...........-.... g,
1913 Franklin; store s sS1ls: : ;-. l e
e s. Main IT. stories and basement, %
lloi Clark. ssioo: viii pu, in hrss-cia's :,
II Market IT.. 4-s,ory building; aa:o.. s.
FL Chestnut ST.. store and basement y
800 n. Broadway. store and rooms ~
2733 Franklin ave. store ......-...-----.-: ~
ia n Sixth ST.: I'd floor. rooms and -
bath; 2o150 lg,,,;. :.
421l W. Finney ave-: storei plate -gass.; "
HOB n. Grand ave. room 8: light ana ~
neQI '.--...''
1903 N Grand ave-: room ................ 70
12l5 Goodfelow; store: low rent ..-...-... u
12lT Goodfellow, store: low rent...-..s... "a
1s,5 Olive St: stable and express Office.
with rooms above ........---.--..--.. see.
OFFICES.
Allen building Broadway and Market .--.-
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1903-08-09

REAL ESTATE CARDS.
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1903-08-09
THE REPUBLIC: SUNDAY AUGUST 9. 1903
AGENTS. RENT I1srs.
RESIDENCES

HE~olDENCES.
N. O. cor Twenty ninth and Pine sts, 10
1884 Pine St. thu broom house; furnished LII"
2o Morgan M game 'uy a rSo. BATH go: 500
4sss Morgan ii rooms. bath. etc; mod: WV
4ois West Belle. 10 rooms. bath and Wv
:ls u Spring ave. 10 rooms. bath and
soss Raymond ave. rooms. bath and wy
furnace :. .......................... 800
a s Wassnrsss ave- and ana bath &c
iiss Wright st. rooms. bath and fur
1880 JIn!ata St. rooms bath. etc:
%, eng e sI1iy:iSird St. ;issm cottage. is
w ton hall, bath. gas ' and natures.. 800
soss North Market st, ! rooms. bath. .. ~
gas and furnace: modern ............... *oW
1929 Tamm ave, Groom house: France. SW
FLATS AND ROOMS.
1870 Maryland ave. rooms. bath and mn.
1s.7A Goodf.oW ave- "" 1000 room. eG and bath is
N. Jefferson ave-. rooms and bath: "a
$3.50 Olive s st.. rooms ist ioor: rear:
1870 olive ST.. 2 rooms. LIST floor; rear: ~
1890 olive ST. rooms. lat floor: rear;
sssaA d 1eimar bi. rooms. I'd door bath
AIS "! W., PINE s'. St. rooms: bath and
siss Dei h bi. 5'I rooms. bath and fur
4,s7A n1 Page bi.. rooms. bath. furnace. 800
l7l3 Franklin ave. I'd floor. ". s.. rear; .so
'htee B IScma AND STORES.
Several good hotel sites for rent. For particulars
N. W. corner Broadway and Hickory:
building; will divide Call at office
,.,- for particulars;
1914 4. Broadway s viii alter to suit ten
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1903-08-09
RETAIL GROCER OR CATERER.
No. I Grocery and Saloon

For rent: No. location: in northwest part Of
oily For particulars apply National Brewery
Co.. Eighteenth and Gratiot SITS.
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1903-08-09

100 acres: 90 in cultivation splendid location 70,
$50 Gravois ave.. st. Louis. NO.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1903-01-12
CUT RATES To OLYMPIA
WHEN LEGISLATURE MEETS
RIVAL STEAMBOATS, WILL ae PLENTY RUN eE.
TWEEN TACOMA AND The STATE CAPITAL - PRESENT
MONOPOLY WILL BE BROKEN UP

With she opening Of the legisia-
tose this morning there promises TO
BE- lnausarated a lively passenger
rate-HiaShing contest ON ths steamer
route between Tacoma and ols u4pia,
Captain W, J. Ellis ~ the Wash.
inston Navigation Company an
nouncrd last week that the steamer
hay city would be put on the ran
next Sunday. ". Z. Forcr. manager
OF the :, Wiley Navigation Gem
p4ay of this city. has xene TO Ia
COMA To arrange for putting the city
OF Aberdeen 90 the run. This ar
tcrnoon Il was rumeted that nArtie-
we're figuring On huSing the Walsh
from Captain Mccormack to run be-
tween these cities In connection with
the Flyer.
fherv IL a big demand for better
steamer service 70 Olympia and a
sharp fight 10 expected among the
rival steamer owners for the control
OF the traffic.
The bax City was rccently with.
drawn fresn the ENerest run. since