The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1903-03-01


Sind. and observed much friendly tolera'
| ton between the Moslem and Hindoo inhab'
itants. The cities founded by the Arabs IN
this region. however. have long since per
| ished. and only certain Arabic family names
| survive.
Where the Arabs had failed the Turks
succeeded. The southerly migration OF
| the Turks was the master movement IN inc
Mohammedan Empire in the TENN ano
| eleventh centuries. The Turkish Huaro
became the masters OF the Caliphs OF bag
dad. and Turkish officers gradually ac-
auired the control Of many provinces
Among other vassal States Of the Cahphs
the ssmanid kingdom on the Oxus became
the object Of a scramble among TURKISH
Adventures, and this scramble led to the
invasion OF India. In 9e2, one Alptagin'
a Turkish free lance, who had fallen out with
his Samanid lord, established himseli WIN
a couple Of thousand followers within the
fortress Of Ohazni In the heart OF the Afghan
mountains. Here. secure from interference
no built up little kingdom, and here
fourteen years later, his slave, Sabuktagin'
rriened In his stead The new ruler was
not content with his masters original
stronghold, but. gathering under his ban.
ner the neiahborins Afghan tribes, added
wide territories TO his dominions, and
eventually placed his son Mshmud In COM
mand OF the rich province OF khurasan
sabukta sin was the first Moslem who at
tempted the invasion Of India from the
northwest. His repeated defeats of the
Brahman Rajah Of the Punjab had no i'm
mediate result but the temporary submis-
sion OF the Indian King and the payment
Of tribute. 1t pointed the way into Hin
dostan, however. His son succeeded him
In eo7, and, between the years 1000 and
1000. made no fewer than sixteen dis
tinct campaigns in India, in the course OF
which he traversed the plains from the Indus
TO the Ganges After the great rout in
zoos OF all the Punjab Raj0hs. backed by
allies from other parts Of Hinco,tan, there
seemed TO have been no concerted resist
snce. Mahmud did not aim. however, at
permanent conquest beyond the Punjab.
and. even there the authority Of some OF his
descendants, the Ghaznawids, was uncer-
tain. Their individual reigns were OF
lIttla importance for the history Of India.
They are described as men Of benevolent
character and signal plety, and some OF
them devoted themselves TO the improve
ment ~ the condition OF their subjects.
There seems to have been. for the most
part. peace and stability within the central
proyipces Of the Ghaznawid realm, but
peace was purchased at the cost OF power.
The force that was TO uproot the Ghaz-
nawids came from neither the east nor the
west, but grew up in the midst OF them.
In the rugged hills Of Ghor, between Ghszni
and Herat, a bold race Of Afghan highland
ers followed the banner Of the chief OF Sur.
Two brothers Of the Surf race having sue
oessively been slain by the King OF 0hazni,
a third brother, Ala ad-din, avenged them
in MS He not only captured Ghazni and
p,it its inhabitants TO the sword, but almost
snnihilated the city. Only the tomb OF
Mahmud and two lofty minarets at q little
distance from the modern town survive
70 ahov what Ghazni was. After Ala-sd-
dtn's death In iisi, and that OF his son tw o
vssrs later, his nephew. Mu'izz-ad-din.
commonly known as Mohammed 0hori,
became King Of Ghazni, and undertook q
series Of oAmpaig ns in India which recalled
the days OF Mahmud. For thirty years he
harried the country stretching from the
Indus to the Ganges. gathered all the Mo-
hammedan provinces OF northwest India
under his control, and materially extended
his territories toward the east. Compared
with Mahmud the name Of Mohammed
Ohori has remained almost Obscure, yet
his oonauests In Hindostan were more
considerable and far more permanent He
left a vioeroy in northern India. who began
the famous Slave dynasty, the first OF the
many Moslem Kings that have ruled from
Delhi a large part OF the peninsula.
u.
In 100 pages the author gives a succinct
account OF the thirty.four Moslem Kings
who. beginning with Moham med Ghori's
viceroy Aybek, ruled at Delhi from l20<
to the invasion Of Babar In 1879. These
KinRs are distributed into five successive
dynasties. First came the so-oalled Slave
KInrs. descended from Aybek. the slave
Of Ohori, or from Aybek's slaves: theet
we're all Turks. Next followed the Khaljis
probably Turks In origin. but essentially
Afahans In association and character
| The third dynasty was the Turkish house Of
Tsshlak. Tbs irruption Of Timur. who
| burst into India In 1898, put an end TO the
domination Of the Taghlak princes. and
broke up the kingdom Of Delhi; but the
dynasty Of the sayyids, or -nobles"-sc
called. because. though natives Of India
they claimed Arabian descent from the
family Of the Prophet Mohammed-assumed
authority at the capital. The Nth dynasty
was that Of the Afghan Lodis. who hello
what remained Of the kingdom until they
we're defeated by the Emperor Bsbar OF
the field OF Psnipst.
Though the kings Of Delhi during thess
three Centuries we're foreigners by origin
the fsc, made little II any Differences In ths
respect paid TO thsir authority by converts
| TO Islam. The caste system had accus
toned Indians 10 immovsbls barriers he
tween olsAs~s. end. though the Moslen
kings of Delhi had. - . rule. no claim u
psdlsrss-ths ssyyids profssssd 10 IL
/ sscsptionA- and NO, much distinction ol
osssmonisl purity, they created Q specls'
| Of oas,~, 10 ~it, N. case ~ Islam, fellow
ship unsurI.As-sd in ooh.Truos and str-ngth
| Tbs srsai power of lsam. considered ~
| Q vulsslonATy inhu-nos IA linda, LAS be-I
dus 60 che l-.nehis conferred by tina EAST.
And 20 ia slssstins i1nusnoe ID. mo
men, sa Indlsn seepU islAia he snlsT'
q bso,hSfhooa ~nlch admits so dslil't IOf'
of clsss Ia tbs sisl.t II tiod aud every kins
n