davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Brownsville daily herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1897-1910, 1903-09-17
mexico'S Birthday

The celebrations in Matamoros
and Brownsville of Mexico's natal
day as a republic were observed APP
propriately. The decorations of the
buildings and plazas in Matamoros
were splendid and exceedingly
tasteful. The fireworks was a good
feature. Both on the 18th and 18th
nights the crowds on the plazas
were crushing.
THE HERALD man did not go
Tuesday night, but last night he
was over from $50 until 1915.
During that time he was highly
entertained by quietly observing
the scenery and customs of the peo-
pie.
We did not get out to the fair
grounds in Brownsville, but learn
that very enjoyable time was had
there by large number Of people
The Brownsville daily herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1897-1910, 1903-09-17
HIKING ON sAMAR.

IA Philippine army song after the tune
of Marching Through Georgia.
Up the old Catubig, where the ali
gators play.
And at night mosquitoes bite and
drive your dreams away;
Thirty days at first they said was
all we'd have to stay,
Hiking after Lukban on Samarl
CHORUS:
Hurrahl hurrah! We're on the hike
today,
Hurrahl hurrahl Look out for COM
pany "K."
Googoos quickly pull their freight
and hide themselves away,
Hiking after Lukban on Samarl
Hiking after Lukban in the jungles
of Samar,
ONOi u aPo ilOl vi Inc maps, yell
low dogs of war;"
Hunting bamboo cannon and bad
Bolo men they are,
Hiking after Googoos on SamarI
CHORUS:
Hurrahl hurrahl Look out for COM
pany *"
Hurrahl nurrah! There'll soon be
hell to pay,
Killing blacks and burning shacks,
for war is he'll, they say,
Hiking after Googoos on Samarl
S. II. ARP.
Fort Brown, Tex, Sept. Is, 1908.
The Brownsville daily herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1897-1910, 1903-09-17
Order Of The Eastern Star.

Waco, Tex, Sept. 12.-The Order
of the Eastern Star, which meets
here in Oct. Is, and holds three
DAYS, will be well treated, the local
chapter having commenced prepara-
tons for the gathering. There will
be sum three hundred highly
representative Texas women present
at the gathering, Mrs. Minnie E.
Smith of Cumby, Tex, being grand
matron. Patron E. C. Canon, of the
local chapter, is expecting a large
attendance, and is now having
printed the letter of invitation
which is to be sent out from here,
also an outline program. Waco
feels complimented that she was
chosen again as the meeting place,
the order having met here last
year.
The sessions WILDE held in the
Masonic building here. Railroads
have given rates TO the meeting.
The Brownsville daily herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1897-1910, 1903-09-17
LOCAL ITEMS.
Furniture at H. Grunewald's.

Furniture at H. Grunewald's.
An adjourned meeting of the
Eastern Star of Hope, Chapter No.
424. will be held this evening at
80 p. M. for the purpose of install
lag officers. All members are
earnestly urged to attend.'
IN. Mcdonald from Edna, was
a passenger on last nights stage.
Full cream chase, only IS cents
a pound at Leo Tfses.
Passenges up today from the
Point we're: VIM. Laroche, Alex
Champion, Simon Garriga, John
Stephenson, Joe Frummie, Mrs.
Lilr Sebree and son.
FoR SALE. AT the residence of
the late DR.. G. S. Smith, two road
carts, one single harness, one gem
tlemans saddle, one iron safe,
backs, lot Of drugs, one key of resin,
show cases, one large pair of scales,
aud various other articles of use.
The society young gentlemen and
ladies have engaged the federal
court room for a ball this evening,
beginning at s o'clock
Pure Silver Leaf fsgf for sale at
leo Wise's only II &c tsper pound.
Keeler Instep- Support for ladies
aud gentlemen. Call at H. Grune-
mald's.
Maple and, puFe cane syrup in
barrels at Leo %kse's.
The Brownsville daily herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1897-1910, 1903-09-17
NOTICE OF MEETING.

The annual meeting of the stock
holders of the Brownsville and
Gulf Railway Company will be
held at the Office Of the company,
Brownsville, Texas, on Thursday,
the 18th day of September, 1908,
at 10 o'clock a. M, for the purpose
of electing directors, and the trans
action OF such other business as
NAV be brought before the meet
ing. -,
many will be closed at 3 O'Clock p,
N on the 10th day OF September
1o03. and will remain closed until
three days after the final adjourn
ment of the meeting.
The regular annual meeting OF
the board of directors will he held
at the same place and on the same
Ell. PUG, Secretary.
Brownsville, Tex, Aug II, 1905.
The Brownsville daily herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1897-1910, 1903-09-17
Resolutions of Respect.

10 the Naster, Wardens and
Brethren of 10 Grande Lodge, No.
81, A. F. u a. NJ
Where's God in his infinite wis
done aaa .ender mercy in the be-
ginning did ordain that all that is
horn mist die; and
Whereas: Our well beloved broth
sr DIR. George Sherman Smith, on
che morning of thd tenth day Of
September A. D. 1903, and A. l..
1898, did yield obedience to that
divine ordination; therefore be it
Resolved: That in the death Of
sur beloved brother Smith this
Godce has lostan honored and noble
alau and the community worthy
citizen. And be it further
Resolved: As men and Masons we
seeI called upon to emulate his
virtues, remembering always that
he was human and suffering, that
humanity prompts Us to plead for
lsis shortcomings and to bury his
5mperfections beneath the clods
of the valley that rest upon his
Bosom. And further
Resolved: That we tender to his
aged sister. his kindred and friends,
wherever they are, our earnest
sympathy in this dark hour OF their
1eTeavment, and commend them to
that blessed hope of immortality,
which alone can compensate theme
Cor their loss.
Resolved Further; That page
~ our REGARD be set apart and dedi-
Gated as sacred to his memory;
shat these resolutions be spread at
length thereon, and that copy be
furnished his family and the
Brownsville Daily Herald for pub
ZJcation.
Cicna1
The Brownsville daily herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1897-1910, 1903-09-17
Signed,

Signed,
J. p. LANTz,
J. L. PUTEGNAT
7. P. BARBOUR.
Committee.
The Brownsville daily herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1897-1910, 1903-09-17
SPECIAL STOCKHOLDERS NOTICE

SPECIAL STOCKHOLDERS NOTICE
Notice is hereby given that a special
meeting of the stockholders Of The New
York, Texas and Mexican Railway Com
pany has been called 10 convene at the
general Office of said company in the
city of Victoria, Texas, at four o'clock p.
m. on the 22nd day Of October, 1903, for
the purpose of authorizing the making,
execution and delivery Of a first mort
gage upon the railways of said company
heretofore constructed as branches to
its main line Of railway, and such lines
of railway as said company shall here
after construct as branches to or extern
sions of its existing lines, with their
franchises and appurtenances. or upon
such portions Of said railways con-
st ucted and to be constructed as the
stockholders at said meeting shall deter
mine; to secure the payment of bonds
of said company to an amount not ex-
ceeding in the aggregate the principal
sum of twenty thousand $4,000 .OO)
dollars per mile for each mile of such
railway and extensions mCrtgaged there
by, which has been or shall be con-
structed ready for operation, payable at
a time not exceeding thirty years from
the date thereof, and bearing interest at
rate not exceeding five per centuI- per
annum, payable semi-annually; to be
issued for the purpose of constructing,
completing, improving and operating
the said railways aud such, extensions,
with their franchises and appurtenances;
and to repeal and rescind the resolution
adopted by the stockholders of said
company on 5he Goth day of November,
1900.
By order of the Board of Directors
entered at its meeting of date August
I3, 1903.
B. NJ SMITH,
(sEAL) Secretary of The New
- York, Texas and Mex
loan Railway COmDauy
The Brownsville daily herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1897-1910, 1903-09-17

AMERICAN RESTAURANT have
opened the American restaurant on
llth. Street opposite First National
Bank. First class American cooked
meals, everything clean and agree
able, % cents Z. S. cy. Board by
month SIS. WM. FORSTER.
The Brownsville daily herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1897-1910, 1903-09-17
BARGAIN FOR INVESTORS
Frontier Ice Plant For Sale!

Prospectors visiting Brownsville
looking for good investments would
do well to investigate the ice man
ufactory and cold storage business
at this point.
The Frontier Ice Works are for
sale, and to the right party this is
the chance of life time to secure
an established and paying business
with the best of prospects in the
near future.
For price and other information
call on or address the undersigned.
Come and examine the works.
G. w. Kendall.
Brownsville, Tex.
The Brownsville daily herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1897-1910, 1903-09-17

CARPENTER AND BUILDER Contracts
taken for both frame and blick build
ings, and all other work in my line.
Also painting and repairing Address,
Naranjo Ranch, W. S. CORKILL.
The Brownsville daily herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1897-1910, 1903-09-17
CHANGE OF FIRM NAME.

1 hereby notify my friends and
che public generally that | have
this day sold and transferred my
business and stock of millinery and
dry goods to Mr.. A. Bollack, who
srill continue the same on his own
account, and to whom all bills are
siavable. JULIA Nj. BoLLAcK.
The Brownsville daily herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1897-1910, 1903-09-17
The Thomas School.
a SELECT SCHOOL FOR GIRLS-wEST END, SAN AN

A SELECT SCHOOL END. ANTONIO, TEXAS
Royal
London England
Academy Design, New
York ElOcution H Clark
Business Department teacher Graduate leading Commercial College
called in only during
Board, Tuition and Laundering school 500
Write
A. THOMAS, a. NJ, President.
The Brownsville daily herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1897-1910, 1903-01-08
LIMANTOUR WAS
BORN IN MEXICO.
He is Therefore Eligible to the
Presidency.

Mexico, City, Jan. Eel Diario
Official, which is the mouthpiece Of
the Federal Government, publishes
a long article completely disprov-
ing the allegations made by Il news
paper hostile to Finance Minister
Limantuur, which sought to create
the impression that he was born
outside of Mexico, and therefore not
eligible to become the President of
the Republic
Minister Limantour was born in
this city on the Goth of December,
1854, and is now As years of age.
His parents were French, but res
idents here, and he therefore stands
exactly on the same footing as va
rious Presidents of the Republic
one or more of whose parents were
of foreign birth. The article COM
pletely demolishes the preposterou:
story that Minister Limantour /.
not eligible to the Presidency.
There is also the fact to be borne
in mind that had he been ineligible
to the Chief Magistracy, he coult
not constitutionally have been Min
lister of Finance, and all his oilicia
acts would have been null and4oid
Among the previous Presidents o
foreign parentage were COnonfor
Arista, Gomez Farias and Lerdo d.
Tcjada. The statement of FL Dia
rio Official clears away a repor
which has been diligently circulat
ed by minor politicians.
The Brownsville daily herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1897-1910, 1903-01-08
ELEPHANT ELECTROCUTED.
~Topsy," WHO Had Killed Three
Men, Put to Death.

New York, Jan. 4.-Several
hundred spectators today witnessed
the execution by electricity at Coney
Island of "TpSy," an elep a
who had killed three men and had
recently become r. manageable. In
mediately after 200 grains of
cyanide of potassium had been
administered concealed in n carrot.
a current of $500 volts was turned
on through cooper plates on which
the animal stood.
Almost instantly the elephant
fell, and at the end of ten seconds,
when the current was turned off,
was pronounced to be dead. An
autopsy showed that the poison
had not had time to take effect.
The execution was conducted under
the supervision OF the Society for
the Prevention of Cruelty to
Animals.
"Topsy" was about 80 years old
and was the first baby elephant ex-
hibited in this country, when she
was brought here by Adam Fore
paugh twenty-eight years ago.
The Brownsville daily herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1897-1910, 1903-01-08
OFFICIAL DIRECTORY,

DISTRICT AND COUNTY OFFICERS.
Congressman, 18th. district R. Kleberg
State Senator 9th district
The Brownsville daily herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1897-1910, 1903-01-08
NEW MAP-MAKING PROCESS

c. T. Blackiidge. Of the United
States coast and geodetic survey,
has patented new style Of copper
platemap. From a reverse negative
Of the drawing a transfer is printed
on augmented gelatine, which j,
coated with graphite, immersed in
an .electrotypc bath and q lick
plate deposited, requiring about
two weeks SITTER this th ate
nseds only cie9niHg and reteaeAiag
to make>it ready for printing.
The Brownsville daily herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1897-1910, 1903-01-08
.AvARICE AND GENEROSITY

When a man begins maxim nsoI-
ey in his youth at anything In.
games iv chance he niver can be
come gin'rouS late in life. He NAV
make bluff at it. Some men get
the use of their curiosity back sud
denly whin they ar're IL danger.
Win Clancy the miser was caught.
in fire in tn Halsted sthrect Pal
ace Hotel he howled firm a Window
"I'll give twinty dollars to anywan
thatH take me down" Cap'n
Minehan put up a laddher ar
claimbed TO him an carrid him to
the sthreet. Half way down tn lad
dher tn brave rayscooer was seen
to be chokin' his helpless burdhen-
We discovered afteherwards THAI
Clancy had thried to begin nego-
tyations to rayjooce tn reward t.
five dollars His curiosity had be-
come suddenly par'lyzed again.
So if ye'd stay gin'rous to tn END
niver lave ye'er curiosity idle toe
long. Don't run it ivry hour at tt
top iv its speed, but firm day to dag
give it a little gintle exercise Ia
keep it supple an hearty an in due
time We may injye it.-From OBJ
servations by Mr.. Dooley.
The Brownsville daily herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1897-1910, 1903-01-08

Women are fast taking places
formerly filed by men in banks in
the West.
The Brownsville daily herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1897-1910, 1903-01-08
INDIANOLA GUARDED.
Serious Consequences Nav FnlloV
Closing of Postoffice.

Memphis, Tenn, Jan. "A
message from Greenville, Miss, by
telephone from Indianola, Miss,
says:
"Every effort is being made 10
suppress any trouble here that
might grow out of the closing II
the postoffice. The mayor of the
town and the sheriff of the county
state that they do not apprehend
that there will be an outbreak, but
their actions seem to speak louder
than their words.
"The fact that 4 Gordon OF dep
uty sheriffs has been thrown around
the town leads many to think that
serious consequences will result. Is
is thought that the Government has
sent a number of secret service mep
here, and that they were among the
large number ofstrangers who came
in on the train late tonight. Mes
sages are hourly comingin from al
parts of the surrounding country
offering assistance, arms and money
if they are needed in case of trouble
The Brownsville daily herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1897-1910, 1903-01-08
NEW cAN-MAKING MACHINE

A machine for making the boxes
in which sardines and anchovies
are packed has been invented bT
Henry Finne, a Norwegian. The
machine turns out 1900 tins
day as compared with 600 made
hitherto by a skilled laborer.
The Brownsville daily herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1897-1910, 1903-01-08

christmas comes but once 4
year." said the CHEEKY citizen.
"Of course. answered the I'll ma
tured man. "They wouldn't dare
to have it twice n year. People
have to have q little time in whieh
to save up the necessary funds,
don't they Washington Star.
The Brownsville daily herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1897-1910, 1903-01-08
Looking towards Brownsville
Irrigation Development Here VIII
Be Greatest In the State.
One or Two Railroads Certain to
Be Constructed Into this Region
In the Near Future.

7 he San Antonio Express of last
Monday contains an interesting
and timely article regarding the adj
vance OF texas m the pas, year and !
its prospects of future prosperity.
The great irrigation development
near Brownsville, and bright pros
poets of the entire lower Rio Grande
region for early development come
in for a share of the writer's atten-
tiOns, which shows that general at
tention is now directed toward this
section. Those portions of the ar
ticle relating to this subject are as
follows:
I'm Southwest Texas irrigation
has become a fact. There are hun
dreds of miles of irrigation lands,
and the profit from them has been so
invariable that they are being rap
idly multiplied. They followed as
necessity the growing of rice, and
and it were folly to doubt that the
discovery of the adaptability of the
soil of Southwest Texas to rice
growing, and the great profit in
that department of agriculture will
result in irrigation there on a scale
which within the next decade will
make that corner of the State the
most productive spot in Texas.
/ RIO GRANDE VALLEYS FUTURE.
This perhaps makes opposite
the statement that the men of af-
fairs who not on but foresee.
! the trend of events, look for the
lower Bio Grande country to be the
scene OF greater development with
in the next ten years than any
other section in Texas. And the
! prediction may be made without
hazard whatever, that certainly
within two years, and, in all pro-
liability, within the year, just be-
gun, two railroads will be building
to penetrate the heart of section
now isolated and unproductive be-
cause Of its lack of marketing facil-
tiles. All other sections of Texas
have felt the energizing touch of
capital and irrigation, but for the
next few years the forces of develop
ment will converge in that section
of Texas, which has not inaptly
been called the Riviera of Texas.
LINE TO BROWNSVILLE.
"What the Southern Pacifc's
plans are has not been ulged,
but there is a report current that it
will ask permission to bring all of
its lines together under one manage
ment and that if this should be
granted, it will build down into the
Brownsville country. 1t is a fact
that it has had several reports on
that section and that those high in
its councils believe it will quickly
yield a profitable traffic after it is
opened up. But whether the South
ern Pacific shall be the pioneer in
that section OF not. it is almost a
certainty that the Katy viii extend
/ its lines in that direction this year.
/ There is reason to believe that this
has long been determined on, but
that it has been delayed by extern
sion in the Indian Territory and
Oklahoma, made urgent by the
operations of It's rivals"
The Brownsville daily herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1897-1910, 1903-01-08

The postofiiee at Indianola wsE
closed by order of the administra-
ton because the citizens objected
To having a negro woman for post
master. President Roosevelt SUI
tanned the closing of the office in =
statement made a few DAYS ago
The Brownsville daily herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1897-1910, 1903-01-08
REVERSED


Mrs. Beacon: "In the good old
days, it was plain living and high
thinking"
Mrs. Lennox: Now, thank
heaven. it is high living and no
thinking
The Brownsville daily herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1897-1910, 1903-01-08
LODGE DIRECTORY.
MASONIC.

Rio Grende Lodge No. 81, A. F. & A.
NJ. meets on the first and third Tues
DAYS Of each month. at 80 p. m, at
the Masonic Hall on Levee Street.
The Brownsville daily herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1897-1910, 1903-01-08
-OFFICERS
wOoDMEN OF THE WORLD.

Acacia Camp No. $50, W.O.W ", meets
on the second nj fourth THURSDAYS -
each .ll1ltl, at 80 pm, at the Wood
man 7 I. II Twelfth Street.
The Brownsville daily herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1897-1910, 1903-01-08
OFFICERS:
KNIGHTS OF HoNoR.

Brownsville Lodge No. 373O.K of H.,
meets on the second and fourth Tues
DAYS of each month, at 80 p. m. at its
hall on Elizabeth Street.
The Brownsville daily herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1897-1910, 1903-01-08

uarv and Fns' Mo- day in June.
Houston: Fourth Monday If Feb
uary and September.
Laredo: Third Monday of April and
Second Monday of November
Brownsville: Second Monday of May
and First Monday ofDecember.
DISTRICT COURT.
Cameron County: first Monday in
February, and First Monday in Sep
tember, and May continue in session
four weeks.
Hidslgo County: Fourth Monday af-
ter the First Monday in February and
September, and may continue in session
two weeks.
Starr County: Sixth Monday after
the First Monday in February and Sep
TENDER, and may continue in session
two weeks.
Duval County: Eighth Monday after
the Frs Monday in February and Sep
TENDER, and may continue in session two
weeks.
Nueces County: Tenth Monday after
the First Monday in February and may
continue in session eight weeks and
Tenth Monday after First Monday in
September and may continue in session
four weeks.
Dziennik Chicagoski. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1890-1971, 1903-08-05
JEGO SWIATOBLIWOSC PAPIEZ Plus X.

sic wedle form przepisanych w
niedziele, d. 9 sierpnia,
Ze wszystkich stolic Europy
nadchodza wiaIolnosci, re wyiu.
Kardynaia Sarto Papiezem wsze-
die z wielkiem przyjeto zadowo-
leniem.
Rzyrn, S sierpnia. = Z Hardy
nalow, kt6rzy wzieli udzia} W
Konklawe, oprocz umierajacego
Herrera y Espinosa, jeszcze CITE
rech innych zachorowaSo, Jest
pomiedzy mimi Kardynai Glib
bons, ktory zachorowal ma mala-
rya.
Berlin, S sierpnia. - 400 dzieci
pod opieka nauczycieli wybralo
sic Brunszwiku ma wycieczke w
okolice do lasu. Po wesoIo ma "a
bawach spedzonym dniu wieczo-
rem wszyscy szczesliwie wrocili
do domu, Ale nazajutrz wybuchla
miedzy mimi epidemia tyfusu; Ia
chorowalo 81 dzieci, hlku nau
czycieli. Zarzadzono sledztwo, by
sic dowiedziec, co by1o powodem
dziwnego tego zdarzenia.
Saloniki, 5 sierpnia. Pod
,Monastyrem wysadzono W po-
Dziennik Chicagoski. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1890-1971, 1903-08-05

brze ma swojem rZemloSle. Uro-
dziI sic w Riesi, miasteczku Ii
czqcem 1900 mieszkancow, a
matka jego az do Smierci mle-
szkala w ubogiej chatce, uwaza-
lac nawet mieszkanie dose skrom-
ne syna swego w Wenecyi "a "a
nadto dla siebie wspaniale. Plus
x ma jednego brata, Cd siebie
starszego i 6 siostr. Brat lego,
Angelo Sarto, mieszka w Dele
grazie, prowincyi Mantuy, jest
pocztmistrzem pobierajacym $50
rocznej pensyi, re tego wyzy-
vic sic trudno, przeto obok tego
ma sklepik z tytoniem wieprzo-
wina. Kiedy jego brat juz by} pa
tryarcha, przyjaciele jego zapyty-
wall sic, czyli przez protekcya
brata ME polepszy swego stano-
wiska, ale zawsze odpowiadal, re
chce posiadac to tylko, co sam
sobie zawdzieczy. Zapewne je-
dnakowoz, stosownie do zwycza-
iu, wkr6tce zostanie mianowany
hrabia.
z si6str Piusa x jedna jest
modniarka, druga iona zakry-
styana i donokrazcy, trzecia 10
Dziennik Chicagoski. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1890-1971, 1903-08-05

druga Vanutellego. Z innych glo-
sow, ktore sic rozstrzelily, cztery
otrzyma1 Kardynai Sarto. Przy
nastepnych giosowaniach coraz
wiecej gIos6w odpada}o Cd grup
gI6wnych, a Sarto je zyskiWal.
Ma popo1udniowem giosowaniu
poniedzialkowem Sarto juz mial
81 glosow. Kiedy ogloszono ten
rezultat, Kardyna} Sarto ME
zmiernie byl wzruszony i ME
m6gl prawie mad soba panowac'
Z przerazenien niemal oswald
czy}, re TAXA odpowiedzialnosc i
taxi zaszczyt, to dla niego "a VIE
lie re musia}by odmowic przyje-
cia godnosci, gdyby mu ia ofiaro-
wano. kzy staczaly sic po jego
policzkach zdawalo sic, re sta
nowczo odmowi przyjecia tiary.
Bylo to tax widocznem, re W
Konklawe zaczeto sic ma seryo
niepokoic, a Kardynatowie spe-
dill czeSG nocy ma przekonywa-
niu go, re widocznie to jest VIOLA
Opatrznosci re przyjac musi.
Kilkakrotnie malo ME zemdlal
i trzeba byso 60 trzezwic esen-.
cyani. Kiedy Kardynalowie pre-