davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1903-11-21
A SWEAT HOUSE.

woman. He come home. Sister Whitman
in house. Heap white people in house
Heap Injun come in house Bad 1njun.
Tam-chas for name, take him tomahawk,
Blackfoot Indian give him Cayuse big pow
WOW long time ago; Tam-chas hit Brother
Whitman on head two time Whitman fall.
He no dead yet Te-lau-kait come, hit Whit
man in face with tomahawk; cut face;
face look bad. Whitman no talk plain !;
heap hurt. Sister Whitman take him in
big room She go on knee. She pray Great
Father: God help my husband. God help
my people. God help me. God help Injun;
he no know. Some Injun say, good wo-
wan; Injun kill him husband; she pray for
Injun. Some Injun very bad. One man,
Joe Lewis for name, his father white come
window He see Sister Whitman. He shoot
Sister Whitman. Big shame, Joe Lewis!
Friend take Sister Whitman out house.
Tam-su-ky for name, Cayuse chief. take
him scalp Sister Whitmap-long pretty hair
all same leaves when frost come. Big
shame, Tam-su-ky!
When the Indians saw the missionary
wife praying for them after they had struck
down and hacked her husband many of
them turned away from their crime, afraid
perhaps that the Great Father would call
them to account. 1t was only a few who
were fiends enough to carry out their plot
Many OF the Cayuses, In fact, were not in
favor of the massacre. When one young
buck came from the scene of murder and
was the first to tell about it to old Peu-
peu-mox-mox Cor Yellow Bird, this chief
ha
Indian to a limb"
-na-thal-a-talc, having begun. would
| finish her story: "Injun take him all white
woman, all white child prisoner Five
Crows take him one whit woman his re-
pee-heap pretty woman. One moon kin,
| George man come He bring heap blanket
| heap shirt, heap tobac gun. King George
man give him Injun heap blanket hean
shirt, heap tobac, gun; Injun give him
| King George man all prisoner Five-C,row
! heap cry. He give back white wife"
| This, / suppose, was the end of the af-
| fair; wasn't it?" said 10 the major
| oh, no. Peter s. Ogden, head of the
| Hudson Bay Company, hearing of the mas
sacre, came up from his post, and, as Ip-
na-thal-a-talc told. gave the Indians bIan-
| kets, shirts, tobacco and guns fer the can
| tives. But the whites, wrought up, be-
| came bent on having the murderers. The
| Indians. fearing the whites would kill
i them, went on the war path.
But the war was short. 1t was learned
that only part of one tribe, the Cayuse
| took part in the massacre. The other
tribes of the region, the Umatillas, Nez
Perces. Wallulas and Spokanes, turned
against them. Yet there was one fight
that of Sand Hollows.
End Of the Trouble.
THE Indians had painted up and put on
their feathers and worked themselves up
into a frenzy; but as they drew near to
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1903-11-21

edge of the machinery he operates and has
most useful effect. II gives him more
confidence on the front end of the car, and
he knows just exactly what is being done.
The man is then told what to do In emer-
gencies and how to stop his car. 1t has
happened-not more than once or twice In
an ordinary generation. however-that a car
gets started and all the efforts of the motor
man will not stop IL. The thing to do is to
cut off the power first and then turn the
reverse lever to the opposite direction from
which the car is going The car will stop
itself within length or two
This is thing that hardly any Of our
motormen knew when We brought them to
this school The lack of such knowledge
might cause a disastrous accident Under
the present conditions serious accident is
absolutely impossible our roads under
our present system of instruction for the
motormen. An electric car on our roads
can get In no condition where ii cannot be
stopped within a length or two; 1t makes
no difference how great the speed is
We have a thousand men on our roads.
and every one of them will be required to
take course of instruction here and to
listen to my lectures-the old men as we'll
as the new. We have had all of Them here
already Friday evenings when the lee
lures are given, but necessarily I'm small
groups and scattered over several Fridays.
We will require the men to explain to us
just what they have learned. and n man
who has not learned anything will not be
retained"
School for Conductors.
school for conductors is also held in
the same room. Samples of all the trans
fers used and of the registers in all the
cars for registering the fares are I'm the
room. and the conductor is shown the use
of EACH He. too, is required to learn the
rules, and he is given book which gives
all the information about the various
roads controlled by the company. and when
the first and last cars leave given points.
Nf,inh Of tic inf Ion fc for hem
eft of the passengers Mr.. Fuller. the
general manager of the road, said that all
the motcrmen and conductors have been
invited to attend the school, and that all
who do not attend the November sessions
will be ordered to attend the sessions in
December.
Friday evening is the time for the lee.
lures. The school is modelled after the
one established by the Metropolitan COM
pany of New York for the instruction or
its motormen. The local school is smaller.
but is just complete in every detail as
the New York institution. In New York
more than 5000 motormen are required TO
attend. consequently a much larger school
is needed.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1903-11-21

again, and when cable cars were intro
duced he became motorman. He quick
~ graduated from this to the position of
night clerk at the car barns and rose
gradually through the grades of inspec-
tor and division superintendent to his
present position of dean and faculty of
the school for motormen which the
Washington Railway and Electric Com
pany has recently installed a part of
its equipment.
Most Complete of It's Kind.
The school has but one room as yet,
and it is not likely that the needs of the
railroad company will require any more
for several years to come, but this room
Is one of the most complete of Its KIND IN
the country. 1t is fitted up with every
continuance that could possibly help the
motorman and conductor on an electTle
railway to learn his trade. Across the
northern end Of the room Is a line or
dummy" brakes and controllers. There
are five brakes and controllers In the line
and it is here that the prospective motor
man receives his first lesson. Just inside
the door, along the north wall, Is mooei
of a street car. This car Is fastened TO
the floor and is complete in every detail
as TO it's working apparatus Its wheels
are raised slightly from the floor and
mower Is brought in from the street to
RIM the motors. 1t was the running OF
this car that had made the noise that had
been heard by the visitor in the office.
I'VE put the men in here when they first
come to apply for positions, explained
prof Dement, after the necessary introduce
tious. THAT is. we put them in here after
we have carefully looked up their references
and have had them examined physically by
the medical officers of the road We require
motormen to be not less than five feet eight
inches in height and to weigh at least 100
pounds. The man comes to me with card
from the surgeon, and the first thing l do
is to put him on that platform there behind
the dummy brakes and controller boxes.
The first thing man is required to learn
is how to stand properly. He must put his
weight on his left foot, which is near the
controller box and slightly behind it, The
right foot Is carried forward to a point near
the brake BEAM where 1T can work the
ratchet at the floor end of the brake beam.
In this position the man is braced for almost
any contingency that may arise. With his
right foot he can also work the bell.
Taught the Use of Levers.
1--WE then teach the man the use of the two
levers on the controller box. He is taught
that the smaller lever to the right of the
box is the reverse lever. This is what
throws the machine for backward or for
ward movements. To push the lever for
ward throws the current SO that when the
large controller lever is turned the car will
go forward. To pull this lever back means
to make the car go backward when the con-
troller lever Is pulled.
When this small reverse lever Is In the
center of the arch over which 1t travels the
controller lever is locked and cannot move.
The candidate for the position OF rnotorman'
IL taught to remove this reverse lever hrst
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1903-11-21

tai and of his leading back thousand
emigrants who would settle the question
as to whether oregon, which then was the
name given to all of the present United
States north of California and west of the
Rockies should belong to England or to us.
The United States claimed this region be-
cause Capt. Gray in 1892 discovered the
Columbia river, and because Lewis and
Clark first explored the northwest. Yet
Great Britain also had claim for Oregon
so strong that the two nations agreed for
many years that they should Jointly occupy
this region.
One night in ~ Whitman was at the
dinner table with many Englishnen. News
came that $50 Britons had come into
Oregon. One young fellow threw UP his
cap and cried out: THAT means we get
Oregon for old England" Whitman never
said word. In three days he started on
horseback and rode through the winter
SHOWS from Oregon to Washington that he
might tell the people what a great country
Oregon was, and that they should not let
England have it. Tyler was President
then; Daniel Webster his secretary. States
men believed Oregon worthless; that set
tiers could not get there. Many praised
God because he had built a high mountain
wall our western border. Whitman
wanted to lead a band of settlers to Ore
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1903-11-21

1T is called can be burned out and we
teach the men how to avoid that.
The candidate is then taught just what
happens wheE he turns on the lever. He
is shown that the first five points on the
controller dial throw the current into the
No. l motor first, and then TO No . motor
and at the same time it is in the resistance
box. On the sixth point the No. motor
is cut out and the full current goes into
No. l motor without any resistance On
the seventh point the current re-ente-s No.
motor, but this time it enters direct, with
out passing through the other machine
and, of course, is stronger There is still
some resistance. The next four points cut
out the resistance a point at time until
the last point, when there is no resistance
at all. and the car is going at full speed
Other Points Explained.
1.-THE candidate is then shown several
ways In which the controller box can be-
come disarranged, or how a motor can be
thrown out of gear and how to remedy 1t
at the controller box. He is then shown
how the current after passing through the
motors, passes through another overhead
cut-out, switch, like the frst-at the
other end Of the car, however-and then
passes down to the pillow and through a
shoe on the opposite side to that by which
it entered, passes out to the other con-
ductor rail and on back to the power house
The candidate is then placed on the car
conditions He is told that there are five
things he must do If his car becomes dis
abled. If in the daytime he must first trv
his lights, after having removed both levers
from the controller box. Then he must go
to the overhead cut-out and see that this is
all right. This cut-out acts as an automatic
fuse, and when the current is put on too
strong, or there is heavy load, it 1ias out.
thus cutting off the current from the
motors. This is remedied by simply push
ing the lever which projects from the box
back into place again.
IF the motorman finds his cut-out is in
.place and everything is right there he pro-
ceeds to the fuse box and examines the
fuse. II this is all right he examines the
connections en- the plow. These connections
are very simple, being very much like the
pins and catches you see in connecting the
lights on the trailer from the front car
There is a pin on the car on which the
heavy wire from the pillow is fastened by
simply pushing the socket on the pillow wire
over the pin. There are two of these wires,
of course, and the connections might be dis
turbed by jarring or otherwise. This very
seldom happens, however. II these connec-
lions are all right the motorrnan goes to
his controller box and tries his motors by
cutting out one after the other. II none of
these things is wrong the trouble is IN his
motor somewhere, and is for the machine
man at the shop to fix The motorman then
secures his coupling pins and coupler and
arranges his car to pick up the next car
behind to push him to the barns. as he IS
not supposed to know how to go further in
remedying the trouble.
This instruction gives the man knowi-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1903-11-21

Descendant Of Alexander Mckay.
gon. You can't get a wagon across the
Rockies" said senators. Whitman an
swered. Il have already taken one over
Them
Carried the Day.
That settled it. The words Of this mis-
bitten from his 3,OOO-mile horseback ride
across the snowy continent. as he stood
before Tyler and Webster, clad in skins.
carried their own proof. They believed
Whitman: they trusted him. He led LOCO
Americans across the Rockies. England
never got Oregon.
Yes, Injun say: Boston man get Injun
land said the old woman again.
Boston man bring him sick, measles.
Injun catch him measles. Whitman give
him Injun white man medicine. 1njun take
Injun medicine-all same build him little
house; cover him house with buffalo skin
make him rocks hot; put him hot rocks In
house. pour him water on rocks; make him
water all same cloud; hot cloud make him
Injun sweat; Injun jump in river; water
cold: Injun die Injun say Whitman give
him bad medicine. ln1un say, we XIII
Whitman
Thus Ip-na-thal-a-talc gave the last of
many reasons for which the Indian mas
sacred the missionary. There was a feel
ing against Whitman on the part of the
Hudson Bay Company. They knew Whit
man had foled their plans. They did not
want the country settled by farmers They
bought furs from the Indians. The COM
ing of the farmer meant the going Of the
beaver-the breaking up of their business.
To be sure, the Hudson Bay Company did
not plan to kill Whitman, but their ILL
will against him went from the English to
the Indians. One Joe Lewis. a half-breed,
told the Indians that DR. Whitman was
poisoning them. They sent woman sick
with measles to the missionary doctor. He
gave her medicine. She also took the In
dian medicine-the sweat bath. When she
bobbed up out of the cold water she, too,
was dead. That was proof to.the Indians.
They plotted on November %, 1S47, and
killed the missionary and his wife.
Death Of the Whitmans.
But may we let Ip-na-thal-a-talc tell
about this: big shame on indian! My eye
heap cry. Brother Whitman go see sick
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1903-11-21

when he leaves the car, and he is given the
most positive orders to remove both levers
every time he leaves the platform. no mat
ter If he just goes into the car for mo-
ment or gets off to correct a wrong in the
mechanism. He is taught to put the brake
on easily and firmly, and not to hold 1t
tight as the car stops. If the motorman
holds a brake tightly at that iuncture the
stop will be short and will jolt the passen-
gers.
Il have a bell here on the wall. and put
a class of men on the platform there and
make them work the brakes and the con-
troller levers to the bell signals The men
are drilled with this for two days, and be-
tween the lessons they are set to work on
the book of rules that they may learn
just what the company desires them to do.
They are required to recte from this book
until they are fairly familiar with the rules,
and they then put on a car with an old
motorman. They remain on the about
week or so, and then brought back
here for more advanced instruction and to
tell what they have learned during their
tour of duty on the car. If they are famil-
lar with the ordinary usages they will be
accepted and put through the more ad-
vanced course. There many men who
have absolutely no adaptability for the
street car business, and we do not hesitate
to tell them so.
The Technical Part.
Now comes the technical part OF the
work. The candidate is first shown the in
SlQo OF a cOnlTOIler DOx ana the manner III
which 1t works By a system of lights
show him Just what happens every time
he turns his controller a point. There are
eleven points the controller. and each
one represents different speed and diff
ferent manner in which the current affects
the car and the motors. The candidate is
first told there are two motors on the cars,
and by means of a chart Is shown how the
current enters the car either from over
head or underground. In the slot in the
track, a section of which is shown to the
prospective motorman, he Is told there are
two rails. known conductor rails. BY
means of slide attached to the car and
called pillow the current is passed from
one of these rails through piece of metal
called a shoe and affixed to the ploW which
slides along the rail. From the plow the
current passes, by means of heavily insu-
lated wires through overhead cut-out,
or switch, placed at one end of the car over
is the box-lke structure found attached to
the hood of the platform. From here the
current IS carried to the fuse box and
through a fuse of copper or composition
metal-several different kinds being en-
ployed and their use eXplained-to the
motor itself.
Next comes the practical demonstra ton
with the controller. i should first have ex-
planned that there is a small box beneath
the car. through which the current passes
before 1t reaches the motor. Through this
the current can pass but slowly thus pre-
venting it being turned into the motors too
suddenly and burning them out BY Sc
ries of incidents this box for resistance as
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1903-11-21

Chaplin Auxiliary, Spanish War Veterans,
met Thursday evening and Miles Auxiliary:
Spanish War Veterans, met Friday evening
at their hall, 719 9Th street northwest.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1903-11-21
Tea and Coffee Drunkenness.

rom AIneTlcah
In the annual report of the Children's Aid
Society of New York is published tab
ulated list of the conditions of families
whose children attend the industrial schools
ulated list of the conditions of families
whose condition was investigated was 3. 453.
and the family income of 561 was less than
81 per week; of .263. from 81 to 81; of 1,629,
from 81 to $40. In all, the breakfast was
bread and coffee only; the supper. bread and
tea with some cheese, macaroni or fruit.
Thus with all the terrible poverty the ar
ticle of diet that does not fail twice day
is the coffee or tea. Probably also In tho
dinner list of many these drinks were in
Guided Surely from the workingman'S din
ner bucket the pint or more of coffee Is
never omitted. But the point needing en-
phasis is that in the report referred to ii Is
children who from earliest years are drink-
ing tea and coffee. What proportion OF the
income of these poor families thus goes to
the purchase of these drinks is highly inn
portant concern, but is not directly medical
Whatever one may think as to the physio-
logic action of caffein it is agreed that 1t Is
not "a food" and that the amount OF
money thus wasted by the poor could and
should be spent in buying real health-brlng-
ing and strengthening foods. This eco
nomic aspect of the question also becomes
doubly important both as a medical and
financial matter when one finds these ar
ticles on the dietaries of all our public In
s;titutions Should much of the public
money be spent on articles of drink, nom
foods? And the custom has many bearings
on health The more coffee and tea drank
the more tobacco is used. The national
consumption of coffee and tea, moreover.
rises almost accurately parf passu with the
amount of alcohol used. Is 1t not true, as
a rule that Intemperance In the one co.
exists with intemperance in the othor? 10
not the temperance problem closely bound
Up with this use of coffee, tea and alcohol
If 90, and even If not SO. coffee ind tea are
unnecessary and peculiarly harmful to chill
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1903-11-21

the whites they became sick at heart. To
drive cwcy this fear the braves War Eagle
| and Five-Crows, their chiefs in battle, told
them that-after the manner OF their re-
ligion-the earth, their mother, would not
let any harm come to them. War Eagle
swore if Boston shoot me War Eagle
catch him bullet between teeth Five
Crows also told his braves that no lead
from white mans guns could get into the
body The faith Of the two Cayuse chiefs
was like that of the Moros in our recent
battles in the Philippines. To prove that
they were free from harm, War Eagle and
Five-Crows left their band behind them
where they could see and rode forward
yelling and shaking their eagle-feather
wands. Riding straight up they were fine
marks. Col. Gillian, commanding the
whites. gave the pleasure of shooting at
the two chiefs to the leaders of the Indian
scouts-Tom Mckay and Charlie Mckay,
the half-breed sons of Alexander Mckay,
partner of John Jacob Astor in his fur
trading on the Columbia. Forward the
chiefs rode in the face of a whole regiment.
Tom Mckay, as he has told me many
time, chose War Eagle, who said he could
catch the lead ball between his teeth. He
waited until the chief rode close up. They
kind O. hated each other any way. Then
bang went Tom Mckay and down came
War Eagle-shot through the heart stone
dead. Charlie Mckay didn't quite kill Five
Crows, but he wounded him badly. This
was enough for the Indians. 1t knocked
their Smohollie religion out of them and
they said quit"
We'll, what about the Indians who killed
Whitman"
'Oh, they were given up and taken down
to Salem and hung, five of them.
When we get back I'll show you a pic
ture of the tomahawk with which Tam
chas slew Whitman
III tell you, some day this country will
build a high monument over the Whitman
graves said the major when we left the
house of Ip-na-thal-a-talc.
AS we went to our horses we heard the
old Indian woman grooming a hymn she
had learned from the Book of Heaven"
given her by the martyr-missionary wife.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1903-11-21

in the majors eye. Perhaps he was think
ing of the grief that befell the missionary
and his wife toiling at the risk of their
lives among the western savages-an alone.
Call for Missionaries.
Twenty-Five years after the exploration
of Lewis and Clark. four Flathead Indians
from what now is Montana found their
way down to ST. Louis and sought to find
the mysterious Book of Heaven" which
they had seen In the far west. This incl
dent was published in religious papers and
a call was made for missionaries. Marcos
Whitman and his wife were among the
few who answered that call. They trekked
over the plains in 1896 and crossed tho
Rockies in the first wagon that ever went
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1903-11-21

20 Oregon. They began their missionary
life at Wai-i-lat-pou. not a great distance
from the present Umatilla reservation.
"Blmeby Whitman go away: away long
time. He come back; bring him heap Bos-
ton man "a name given the whites by the
Indians). heap cow; heap hoe:> heap dig
him land: heap eat Injun say: 'Bostons
get Injuns land" Thus Ip-na-thal-a tale
briefly told Of Whitman's long ride in ~
from the Pacific coast 10 the nations capt.