davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The ranch. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1902-1914, 1903-02-01

mental factors in soil fertility.
The producing capacity of the soil
is as much dependent upon its ply
steal or mechanical condition as 1t is
upon the amount of plant food it may
contain. The chief factor governing
the physical condition of the soil is
the amount of humus or decaying
| vegetable matter it contains. 1t is
in this connection that cover crops
may be made to serve so important
purpose.
Cover crops are of two classes: LIE
gumes. which have the power OF
gathering nitrogen from the air, SO
that when they are plowed under ana
decay the soil is actually richer in
nitrogen than it was before; and the
non-nitrogen-gat plants, which,
when they become Incorporated with
the soil, leave it little richer in plant
food than it was before, though the
presence of the decaying vegetable
matter thus added to the soil I'M
proves it's physical condition ana
makes it more productive.
Of the leguminous cover crops, the
various kinds of clovers are perhaps
of greatest value, thodugh the question
of value is somewhat dependent upon
location and other conditions. Other
crops of this class frequently used for
the purpose in question are vetch,
cowpeas, Canada field peas, and sew
eral others. Rye, buckwheat, rape,
and the like are the more common
non-leguminous plants used for cover
crops.
Other things being equal, the ideal
time to SOW the cover crop is at the
last cultivation of the plantation for
the season, allowing it to remain upon
the ground until the first working or
the soil the following spring. var
ious factors. however, will influence
the details of management. II. in the
Judgment of the grower, the soil needs
more nitrogen, one of the legumlnous
crops should be sown. If only the
maintenance of the humus is neces-
sary together with the protection OF
the soil during winter, then one of the
non-Ieguminous crops will serve the
purpose.
TiIIage.
AS a fundamental factor in progress
sive orchard management, systematic
tillage is a practice of comparatively
recent introduction While the prac-
tice has become quite general during
the past few years and is growing
more so, the principles underlying the
operation are not so fully understood
as they should be. A better under
standing of these principles will make
the operation more effective. because
it will be more thorough.
The ranch. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1902-1914, 1903-02-01
EcTING AND PLANTING THE
STOCK.
The Stock.

ad uDOn. Sucn SIoCh uo0o NV A
oorilv call for the largest plants OF
+be kind that can be secured, but
should consist of strong, healthy
Ylonts of fair size for the age, with
GOOD roots and typical of the variety.
e is false economy to secure low-grade
stock simply because the first cost is
a little less than that of better grades.
Preparing the Land.
Land can not be too carefully pre-
Jared before it receivs the plants.
This is especially true where straw
horny plants or other small fruits are
- be set out. The soil should be as
+noroughly pulverized as for a seed
bod Of course. in the case of or
cbard lands the most of the surface
can he readily worked after the trees
are planted, but in most cases it will
he found more satisfactory to attend
to all such details before any OF the
Ground is occupied by trees or plants
of any kind.
Setting the Plants.
IF extensive areas are to be planted
if will often be found economical to
make burrows along the line OF the
rows. and of sufficient depth to re-
ceiye the plants, though this is one of
the many details that is a matter OF
personal preference. The essential
feature of the operation is to make
the holes that are to receive the plants
sufficiently broad to take the roots
without bending them from their nat
ural positions, and deep enough so
that when they are refilled the plants
shall be somewhat deeper-in the
case of most kind of trees, two or
three inches-than they were in the
nursery row. But in setting out straw
berry plants and others of similar ma
ture care must be taken not to cover
the crown of the plants. The soil
needs to be packed about the roots
very firmly.
Before setting in the ground, all
mangled or bruised roots should be
removed and the tops cut back pro-
portionately to the amount of the root
system that has been lost. 1t is the
practice of some growers in setting
trees to trim to a mere whip by re-
moving all the side branches. With
peach trees this is the more usual
custom, unless the trees are very
large
The practice which is quite COM
mon, especially among small growers,
of placing quantity of manure in the
bottom of the holes be4ore setting
trees is not one to be commended. If
the manure heats, it is likely to cause
the drying of the roots, thus defeating
the very object of the intended extra
attention. 1t is better to have the soil
uniformly in good condition before
planting the stock.
Pruning.
Only brief reference to this fea-
ture of fruit growing can be made at
this time. Every kind of tree or plant,
in fact, every individual, presents it's
q own peculiar problems to the primer.
Hence no arbitrary rules can be given.
TO do the work most judiciously the
operator must understand the princi-
pies involved, then apply them to each
case. Skill in pruning can come only
wit h
The ranch. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1902-1914, 1903-02-01


the growth made the present season,
would naturally be pruned d1ferently
from either an apple or peach tree.
Likewise, the correct pruning OF
grapes is based on the fact that the
shoots of the present season produce
this years crop. The same principle
in pruning holds true throughout the
whole list of fruits-that is, the man.
ner in which the fruit is borne should
govern the manner of pruning.
In a general way, it may be said in
regard to fruit trees that all dead
branches should be removed and the
top of the trees be kept sufficiently
open to admit an abundance of sun
light for the coloring of the fruit.
Reasonably open tops are also of great
advantage in spraying the trees and in
harvesting the fruit. The natural
habit of the tree should suggest the
form to be adopted by the primer. In
other words, a tree the branches OF
which naturally droop can not well be
pruned to an upright form, and tree
with a strong tendency toward form
ing an upright head can not readily
be made to assume decidedly spread
ing form. Of course these natural
tendencies can be Influenced in a
measure by the manner of pruning,
but they can not be entirely overcome.
The tops should be kept symmetrical
and as we'll balanced as possible.
The pruning of the various kinds of
small fruit is based on the same gen.
eral principles as the pruning OF fruit
trees-that is, the manner in which
the fruit is borne and the character
of the growth should govern the
method of pruning.
FERTILlZING THE PLANTATION.
Problems relating to the fertalizing
of fruit lands are very local. and de-
pend upon the physical conditions OF
the soil and the amount Of available
plant food which it contains. General
ly speaking, fruits require large guam
titles of potash to bring them to their
highest state of development, but lib
eral supplies of the other plant foods
are also essential. The only way OF
determining what is necessary is to
intelligently study the behavior OF the
plants and be governed thereby. A
series of experiments, in which differ
enc combinations and different guam
titles of plant foods are used. is al
ways of great assistance in determin-
ing upon an economical use of ferti-
lizers. In fact, such line of expert
ments is the only way of getting def
mite data upon the matter
The fact needs emphasis, however,
that the production of heavy crops of
fruit is a severe drain upon the fertil-
ity of the soil, and unless some means
are resorted to to maintain it, soil ex-
haustion will sooner or later follow,
resulting in unproductive plantations.
The economical use of fertilizers is
based on the natural producing ca
pacity of the soil. 1t follows then from
this that combination of plant foods
which is suited to a given plantation
is not necessarily suited to any other
plantation. In fact, it would not be
unless the conditions of soil fertility
were the same. Such a series of ex-
neriments as suggested above would
The ranch. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1902-1914, 1903-02-01
COVER CROPS.

The use of cover crops in connection
with the growing of fruits is closely
allied to the fertilizer problem, mas
much as they both are both funda.
The Kalispell bee. [volume] (Kalispell, Mont.) 1900-192?, 1903-08-21
FAIR DIRECTORS MEET
And Make Further Arrangements for
the Fall MEETING,

The directors Of the Flathead Fair
association held meeting August 10
to consider matters relative to the
coming big fair this fall. Various
matters of Importance were talked
over including the erection of a large
pavilion for the display of the vari-
Gus exhibits. The new building will
be about SO feet wide and 80 feet
long, and is to be commenced at once
so as to be in readiness this fall.
The directors will visit the grounds
this evening to choose the site for
the building which will probably be
located just west of the grand stand
facing the east. Other matters were
also talked over and the racing pro-
gram for the fair discussed and
adopted. Another meeting will be
held in short time
The Kalispell bee. [volume] (Kalispell, Mont.) 1900-192?, 1903-08-21
Notice of Publication of Time Al
pointed for PROVING Will.

Notice of Publication of Time APP
pointed for Proving Will.
In the District Court of the Eleventh
Judicial District of the State of
Montana, in and for the County of
Flathead.
In the matter of the estate of Will
liam A. Rain, deceased.
Pursuant to an order of said court
made on the twenty-first day of Au
gust, 1908, notice is hereby given
that Monday the thirty-first day OF
August, 1908, at ten o'clock a. m. OF
said day, at the court room of said
court. at the court house, in the city
of Kalispell, county Of Flathead, ha;
been appointed as the time and place
for proving the will of said William
A. Rain, deceased, and for hearing
the application of Celia Rain for thu
issuance to her of letters testamenta
ry, when and where any person in
terested may appear and contest the
same.
Dated the twenty-first day of Au
gust, 1903.
James X. Lang. Clerk.
The Kalispell bee. [volume] (Kalispell, Mont.) 1900-192?, 1903-08-21
Good morning. Have you taken
L "
Somers Correspondence.

Miss Emma O'Donnell has return
ed to her home in Minnesota after
a months visit with friends here.
Miss Jessie Hamlin leaves Satur
day for ST. Cloud, Minnesota, where
year.
DR.. B. F. Bogardus was Kalispel]
visitor the first of the week.
Joe Towers has gone to Missoula
for short visit with friends.
Mr.. and Mrs. Mark Rand spent
Wednesday evening at Kalispell.
"A number of the boys have taken
advantage of the chicken season ana
spend their evenings hunting.
goodly number of good bags nave
been the result.
Mrs. Harry Smith, of Kalispeil
visited with her husband the first al
the week.
Joe Alison has retired from the
hotel business. His successor, Geo
Munyon, took charge of both houses
Monday. Mr.. Allison is undecided
as to what he will do in the future
Mrs. Phoebe Wylie and daughter
Mrs. J. c. eastman, were shoppins
at Kalispell, Thursday
Somers, August 20, 1903.
The Kalispell bee. [volume] (Kalispell, Mont.) 1900-192?, 1903-08-21

First day, Tuesday. October Is.
1908. 1870 p. m. sharp. baseball and
other athletic sports for suitable
prizes.
Second day Wednesday, October
IA. 1908:
Three-minute trot. mile, in 5
first $50. second $25.
Three minute pace. mile. in 3,
first $50. second $25.
Half-mie dash. first $40. second
$40
Ladies relay race. twelve miles.
three miles each day. changing
horses every mile: first $50. second
$40. third s25
Third day, Thursday, October Is,
1908:
2:9O trot or pace, mile. 3 in 5; first
$3.50, second SIS. third $25
Green race confined to horses
owned in Flathead county which have
never trotted for money in g public
race. trot or pace. mile, in 3; first
$50. second SIS.
ollS liillc WASH, III ~ P'', oSSoiu
s25.
| Ladies' relay race continued. :
Fourth day. Friday. October 16,
1908:
1925 trot or pace, mile. in 5;first
SIS. second SIS.
Half-mile dash: first $40, second
$40.
One mile dasn: first SO, second
$50.
Novelty race mile and a half, half
mile walk, half-mile trot or pace and
! half-mile run or go as you please;
| first $S5 second $15.
Ladies' relay race continued.
Fifth day Saturday, October II,
1903
Free4foraH mile. in 5. $500 purse;
first $3.50, second 800, third $50.
Half-mle dash; first $50, second
s25.
Indian pony race. full blood In
dian riders, half-mile dash; first 500.
second $40.
Ladies' relay race concluded.
If conditions warrant it other races
with ample purses will be provided
both harness and running races
The Kalispell bee. [volume] (Kalispell, Mont.) 1900-192?, 1903-08-21
Prairie grass pasture. shade and
running water. For particulars in
quire of A. McDermid, over First
National bank. Reasonable terms.
Sunday School Excursion.

The w. c. T. U. and the Y. w. C.
T. U. will have an excursion on Flat
head lake Thursday, August 81.
Basket lunch on one of the Gwin
islands Tickets 81, children half
price. Tickets can be had at Fitchs
drug store and at Mrs. Collins store
ON the west side until Wednesday
noon. Boat leaves Demersville at s
a. m. and teams will leave the Meth
odist church and the Baptist chapel
on the west side at a. M. sharp.
The Kalispell bee. [volume] (Kalispell, Mont.) 1900-192?, 1903-08-21
Another Two-Bit House.

The Vienna Cafe, on First avenue
was re-opened last Monday by
Adolf Armbruster, a first-class cook
and caterer. Under the new manage
ment regular meals will be served for
25 cents. The restaurant will be
open all night and special attention
given to short orders at all times
Try the new place.
The Kalispell bee. [volume] (Kalispell, Mont.) 1900-192?, 1903-08-21
Summons.

State of Montana County of Flat
head-SS.
In Justice Court of Katispell Town
ship. Before NJ. J. Sullivan, JUS
tice of the Peace.
J. II. Grier and August Wegner
Plaintiffs, VS.. w. J. Faucet, De
fendant-Alias Summons.
The State of Montana to the above
named defendant, Greeting:
You are hereby summoned to APP
pear before me at my office in kalis
pell, in the county of Flath lad, on the
9Th day of September, 1903, at 1t
o'clock a. m, in an action brought
against you by said plaintiff to an
sIwer the complaint of the above
named plaintiff.
The said action is brought to re
cover Judgment for the sum o.
eighty-seven and 75-100 dollars, will
interest thereon at the rate of 10 pc
cent per annum from the 9th da.
of March, 1902, upon a certain prom
isory note executed by YOU and du'
and payable on Marcn q, 1903.
And you are hereby notified tina
if you fail to appear and answer
/ Judgment will be taken against yo'
according to the complaint.
/ To the sheriff or any con-+able O
said county, greeting: Make lega
service and due return thereof.
Given under my hand this Sth da
of August, 1903.
M. J. Sullivan,
A Justice of the Peace of Said TOwI
| chin
The Kalispell bee. [volume] (Kalispell, Mont.) 1900-192?, 1903-08-21
Glove Contest Sunday.

Dummy Rowan and Chris Pearson
of Tacoma are matched for 20-round
glove contest at Four Corners, Tur
geon's Hall, Sunday afternoon at
O'Clock. The Butte pugilist was
never in better form and his previous
performances guarantee that the con
test will be a fast one. Buses viii
leave the city for the road house
where the battle is to take place, be
ginning at p. m. The managers Of
the affair feel sanguine of a large
attendance.
The Kalispell bee. [volume] (Kalispell, Mont.) 1900-192?, 1903-08-21
The Piano Contest.

Editor Bee: Upon counting vote
upon Wesley piano, Wednesday, Aug
10, | find the vote for the various
institutions as follows: Royal Neigh
bors of America 3157: Odd Fellows
2123; High School 45S; Altar Socie
ty Catholic church 272; Presbyterian
church 1879; Elks 50; MethodisN
church 80; Women 10; and Macca
bees s. Total vote cast to date fol
all societies 1861 Next count viii
be made August 81, 1903.
j. W. Conner, City Clerk.
The Kalispell bee. [volume] (Kalispell, Mont.) 1900-192?, 1903-08-21
TIME TABLE.
OF Trains and Stages Carrying U. S.
Mail.

OF Trains dHu otdyeS OdTTyIH9 o. d
Mail.
No. l, west bound arrives 1880 p. m.
No. 3, west bound arrives 1925 a. m.
No. 2, east bound arrives 1855 a. m.
No. 4, east bound arrives S:35 p. m.
Stage for Chautauqua, SomeTs and
Dayton leaves Kalispell every morn
ing at o'clock.
Stage for Montford, Creston, Shell
don, Holt, Bigfork and Glen leaves
daily at Z a. m.
Stage for Marston, Stryker, Tobac-
co and Gateway leaves Mondays and
Thursdays at a. m.
Mails close 10 minutes before ar
rival of trains.
The Kalispell bee. [volume] (Kalispell, Mont.) 1900-192?, 1903-08-21

Judge Clayberg, Cf Helena. accom-
panied by his son were in the city
this week enroute to Lake Mcdonald
where they will enjoy an outing for
several weeks.
The Kalispell bee. [volume] (Kalispell, Mont.) 1900-192?, 1903-08-21

Emma Carlson has commenced suit
for divorce from Andrew Carlson on
grounds of drunkenness and cruelty
They were married at Minneapolis
Mimi, September 25. 1890, and in hel
complaint she alleges that at differ
emit times he threatened to kill her
She asks for a decree Of divorce and
the custody of the two children.
The Kalispell bee. [volume] (Kalispell, Mont.) 1900-192?, 1903-08-21

MIR. and Mrs. Chamberlain were
Columbia Falls visitors in the city
yesterday.
The Kalispell bee. [volume] (Kalispell, Mont.) 1900-192?, 1903-08-21

Last call for bargains in summer
millinery at Wilson's.
The Kalispell bee. [volume] (Kalispell, Mont.) 1900-192?, 1903-08-21

Hung Up In Nearly Every Event.
Ladies Relay Race Of Twelve Miles
an Interesting Feature-The Great
Free-for-AIl Harness Race Carries
Big Money.
The Kalispell bee. [volume] (Kalispell, Mont.) 1900-192?, 1903-08-21
LOCAL MENTION

Mr.. and Mrs. A. Lund, of Columbia
Falls, spent Thursday in Kalispell.
w. L. A0air, of Essex, was in the
city on a business trip Thursday.
Mr.. and Mrs M. M. Gillen return
ed this week from their outing on the
reservation.
Mrs James J. Grant and Mrs. II.
D. O'Brien have gone to Holt where
they will visit with friends.
Mrs John Ahues and family and
Mrs. Rogge and family are enjoying
an outing at Tivoli park.
Mike Mats, the reservation cattle
man, was in the city on business trip
this week.
Mr.. and Mrs. Carl Weiss of Hell
ena will arrive next Tuesday on a
visit to Mrs Weiss sister, Mrs Jno.
Ahues.
The hearing on the probate of will
of the late John OConnell will be
held before Judge Smith, Monday
morning at 10 o'clock.
Chris Best, Christ Norgaard and
William Rathegaber, the latter a
member of the grand lodge, left this
week for Butte to attend the state
meeting of the Sons of Herman.
The city council met Tuesday night
instead of Wednesday night as ex-
pected but adjourned without trans
acting any business of Importance
Although notified the committee OF
the fire department was unable to
appear, and the matter was laid over
until the next meeting which will
probably be held next Monday or
Tuesday night.
The Kalispell bee. [volume] (Kalispell, Mont.) 1900-192?, 1903-08-21
G concluded.

For scientific horseshoeing go to
c. NJ. Jump, Third avenue west.
Fancy shooting a specially.
The Kalispell bee. [volume] (Kalispell, Mont.) 1900-192?, 1903-08-21
In His New Home.

In His New Home.
Murphy is now opposite Conlon's
grocery store. We are all going IN
to see him.
The Kalispell bee. [volume] (Kalispell, Mont.) 1900-192?, 1903-08-21

Martin Jacobson of Libby was a
business visitor in the city this week.
The Kalispell bee. [volume] (Kalispell, Mont.) 1900-192?, 1903-08-21

Ladies' fine mocha gloves at Meri
COLDS
The Kalispell bee. [volume] (Kalispell, Mont.) 1900-192?, 1903-08-21

William Lewis and wife have sold
to Allen B. Lewis. of Iowa, for a con-
sideration of 100 the southwest
quarter of the southeast quarter of
section 33. township 80 north Of
range 20, containing about 40 acres.
The Kalispell bee. [volume] (Kalispell, Mont.) 1900-192?, 1903-08-21
A BARGAIN.

Main street business lot next to
City Fire Hall.
Price s2,200.
Terms: Cash $1,000, balance one
and two years, s per cent.
GRIFFIN, STANDARD E. CAlBlCk
The Kalispell bee. [volume] (Kalispell, Mont.) 1900-192?, 1903-08-21

One dollar does the service of two
at Wilson's.
The Kalispell bee. [volume] (Kalispell, Mont.) 1900-192?, 1903-08-21

George Smith and family. who ar
rived in Kalisrell several weeks ago,
are located on Fourth avenue east,
and will make the Flathead their per-
manent home. Mr.. Smith comes
west we'll recommended and is an ex-
pert in laundry work
The Kalispell bee. [volume] (Kalispell, Mont.) 1900-192?, 1903-08-21
PROGRAMME
OF RACING
Adopted by the Directors of the Fair
Association.

GOOD MONEY FOR WINNERS
The Kalispell bee. [volume] (Kalispell, Mont.) 1900-192?, 1903-08-21

Mike Mats, the reservation cattle
man, was in the city on business trip
this week.
The Kalispell bee. [volume] (Kalispell, Mont.) 1900-192?, 1903-08-21

Mr.. and Mrs. Carl Weiss of Hell
ena will arrive next Tuesday on a
visit to Mrs Weiss sister, Mrs JnO
Ahues.
The Kalispell bee. [volume] (Kalispell, Mont.) 1900-192?, 1903-08-21

The hearing on the probate of will
of the late John O'Connell will be
held before Judge Smith, Monday
morning at 10 o'clock.
The Kalispell bee. [volume] (Kalispell, Mont.) 1900-192?, 1903-08-21

Mrs. John Ahues and family and
Mrs. Rogge and family are enjoying
an outing at Tivoli park.
The Kalispell bee. [volume] (Kalispell, Mont.) 1900-192?, 1903-08-21

Mrs. James J. Grant and Mrs. r.
D. O'Brien have gone to Holt where
they will visit with friends
The Kalispell bee. [volume] (Kalispell, Mont.) 1900-192?, 1903-08-21

J. H. Oakley, representing the Rec
Seal Lye. a Philadelphia product, wa:
here this week introducing this new
brand of dirt eXterminator and plac
ed a carload with the M. M. Co. Rec
Seal is on the list of price cutters
The Kalispell bee. [volume] (Kalispell, Mont.) 1900-192?, 1903-08-21

John Ahues was the last tenant to
move into the Wilson addition, and
now has the Northwestern Cigar
lent quarters. The sign of the big
cigar with electric attachments
swings in front of the new store.
The Kalispell bee. [volume] (Kalispell, Mont.) 1900-192?, 1903-08-21

Mr. and Mrs. M. M. Gillen return
ed this week from their outing on the
reservation.
The Kalispell bee. [volume] (Kalispell, Mont.) 1900-192?, 1903-08-21

w. L. Backhus and wife are out en-
joying ranch life with their daughter
Mrs. Emma ingalls,. and incidental!
celebrating the arrival of their SECOND
great-grand-dau in the Winston
family.