New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1903-11-08
INDUSTRIAL EDUCATION
Developed to Marked Degree IN En-
rope-Things Taught.

To the Editor OF The Tribune
Sir: All the phases OF education that have been
developed through the experience and thought OF
the race may be reduced to two main types-the
culture humane type. and the industrial, OF
professional type. In The United States the former
type has engaged the attention 81 educators up to
the present time. almost to the exclusion Of the
latter although there arc few schools in this
country which may he olassed industrial. In
Europe. on the other hand. industrial education
has been developed to marked degree.
Technical education 81 Italy during tho last few
wears has made rapid and praiseworthy progress.
In 1889 the government appointed a commission 10
thoroughly study this question in all its details
It's report 10 the effect that ltslys future as
manufacturing country depended upon the skill
and intelligence Of her working classes. and that
nothing could effectively further the interests
81 the country in = national sense. raise the
general condition OF the people. than a broad and
liberal support Of industrial education the part
II tho state
industrial schools in Holland educate sklfu and
practical worEmen for the different trades In
rtruction is divided into three departments-ele-
nentary. theoretical and practical In the ele-
rneuarv department instruction is given in reading,
writing arithmetic history OF the Netherlands and
geography. The workshops OF some OF these
schools have been developed 10 such extent
that in the working branch. for instance en-
zines driven By steam and electricity have been
set up wherever practicable The school authorities
sre pernitte6 by the state purchase the neoes-
ssry wood. iron. steel nails stone copper. metals
ooIors coal glass etc for the use Of the students
A great many tools fer the hand trades are manu-
featured every year.
Much has been done for technical education In
Russia Technical schools with advanced curricu-
"a have been founded in Moscow. St Petersburg,
Riga and in other cities Of the empire Instruction
IN class Of schools is thorough and in no coun
rrv with the exception OF Holland and Germany. Is
the system OF practical demonstration better de-
~elopeo than n Russia The schools, for the most
psr are connected with large factories. where the
student receives wages for the work actually per
formed the same as a common labo-er. During the
hours devoted 70 such practical instruction. the
student assists in manufacturing motors. pumps,
boi;ers tools II many factories it is the Gus
turn 70 permit the student 10 act Temporarily aS
foreman or manager Of some department. after ne
has passed through the prescribed course q tneo-
retical and practical training.
Industrial education in Sweden and Norway Is
chiefly connected with the public school system
and there is scarcely town. large or small ~hloh
IS not supplied in this respect In many OF me
country districts evening classes have been ar
ranged for the purpose Of giving instruction 10
young men and women in sewing. spinning ano
weaving In q number Of cities elementary tecIll-
cal schools have been founded. when prepare
students TO enter the royal technical institutes IN
stockbol-, ana c-o-benburg The elementary school
81 Boras is intended especially for weaVers' ana
has workshop fitted up for practical instruction:
The evening preparatory school IN EskiistuIa
trains young men TO work with iron ana steel
while those in Filipstao and Falun are prepare
schools ~ mining.
There are in Austria between four hundred ana
I'VE hundred industrial schools OF ell classes ana
grades Numerous special schools for weaving,
WOOD carving. basket making, and for praouoai
instruction in making firearms. machinery, eiass'
watches clocks. etc. have also been estaoIlsileo-
Technical education in Austria may be clFloed
into six classes follows; Cd The technlcal UNI
versity; q State industrial trade schools 90 nous
trial art schools: I'd special industrial schools,
with workshops: CO primar, Industrial sch5ooi
classes where instruction IS given evenings arr OF
Sunday 90 technical trade museums; Ia c@sl
lion with which instruction is given IN d seNela4
The hours devoted to practical and theoretical
instruction in the industrial weaving scllools %
nv ne forenoon from O'clock untH z o'clock.
~, h ,i 3e tsSIrtt how TO sort prepare. threau
O'Clock until Z O'Clock. the theory OF WeaHlns, Is
1I f the SCHOOLS are supplied with hand weav
ing machines. while number Of the most import
- instruction divided into two parts theorgt-
cal and practical. each course lastng SIX ho I
IorliE us 70 tbs,r,lsr,eliefs na1,lins and ordinary
quanutles on - ~ re course they
a-e fhorouphlv instructed In the art OF weaving
:, ,erv cas- are 50 grounded in the technicalites
~ weaving that they step from The schoo 70 an, me
IS nothing 10 prevent those gifted with exceptional
skin from rising TO the positions OF ioreInen ana
technical education has been the subject Of much
asre,lfioD in France. In addition 10 the technical
,l-liy-eTsiTies and technical schools for roads
BRIDGES mines and civil engineers there are indus
powder. clocks gloves, porcelain ana every otIeI
article Of manufacture IN France Whlch mas clalIhS
10 any importance There are many INDUSTRIAL
schools in France which worthy OF special at
fention This is true OF the one in CluSeS, savoy:
which was established in 1865 for the clock ana
watch Insustrv IL admits pupils between the ages
- fourteen and twenty. but every candidate must
nave a good elementary education. The aim Of the
school practical wUrkTnen for the watch
and clock industry OF that district There is also
an advanced course Tor those VINO WISH 10 become
manufactures in this branch
These foreign examples must have significance FOR
We richer iu natural resources than any
Of them: but nave not kept pace with oJlef
Countries fn fostering our home industries. We
have imported articles Of taste and luxury and
srpored the skilled laboreTs. relying on our vast
product Of raw material TO give us the balance OF
trade. and il has Education is a means TO an
end. and only As a means TO an enc does IL pertain
state Let the State 20 Il that the right
Kind Of education is provided for It's great army OF
workers: Jet State suppress uleness as Il does
Ignorance: let ~ provide trade schools. rather than
,T0rkhouSes and prisons. and this country VIII
make such advances the arts and sciences such
strides toward higher order % material prosperity
IS some OF us have never dreamed of. -
ARTHUR MARVIN.
schenectadv Y y. Nov. 4 1s03.