Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1903-07-21
DEATH COMES PEACEFULLY
TO Kill
THIS AFTERNOON.
CONTINUED From Page one.)
ever recede from the position then TAX
Interest in Social Questions.

At the same time the policy of the
Roman Curia certainly underwent a
development in the direction of mod
Grafton, which greatly contributed to
increasing the influence OF the vatican
abroad. From the very outset the new
pontiff displayed the greatest interest
in the social questions agitating the
world of today and in an encyclical is
sued in December 1878 appealed to
the intellectual forces of Catholicity
to contest the propaganda of doctrines
which His Holiness described as sub
servient of social order, abiding es-
pecially to the socialists in Germany
and the nihilist movement in Russia.
Aids Governments.
The cooperation afforded by the
pope to the various governments in op-
posing the growing forces of social
democracy paved the way for the set
tlement of disputes existing between
those governments and the vatican,
both spiritual and civil authorities be-
ing, as it were, called upon to merge
their differences and make common
cause against the common enemy. The
first great political achievement of the
pope was the settlement of the differ
ences with Germany which had given
rise to the famous Kulturkampf.
Serves as Arbitrator.
The rapid sspread of anarchic doc
trines in Germany and the attempts
made upon the emperor's life in 1878
induced Prince Bismark to make ap-
proaches to the .ultramontano party to
secure their support for his economic
policy. Herr Falk, the famous author
of the May Laws was removed from
Office and other concessions were made
to the Catholics. Finally diplomatic
relations with the vatican were resum-
ed and the late Emperor Frederick
then crown prince, signalized the res
toration of an harmonious understands
ink by visiting the pope at the vatican.
A still greater tribute was paid by Ger
{ many to His Holiness by her selection
of him as arbitrator in the dispute
with Spain regarding the Caroline
Islands and her deferential acceptance
OF his decision in favor of the weaker
His success in this arbitration induced
the pope to declare his readiness to act
as arbitrator in other disputes for the
benefit of the whole Of Europe and of
Christianity, but, for this, His Holt
ness declared it to be essential that he
should be restored his liberty as an in
dependent temporal sovereign. This
demand, however, met with no re-
spouse, as far as foreign governments
were concerned, and the hopes which
had been expressed in some quarters
that the German emperor's visit to the
pope in 1888 might lead to Germany
advocating the temporal claim of the
holy see were, soon dissipated. The pope
himself, in letter to the German
bishops, declared that he regarded the
presence of Emperor William in Rome
as the guest of the quirinal as ode.
plorable recognition of accomplished
facts
The interests of the triple alliance
were not compatible with those of the
vatican and even Catholic Austria
could not afford to offend Italy by es
pousing the pope's cause, although the
emperor, Francis Joseph, abstained
from visiting King Humbert in the city
of Rome and thereby openly recogniz
ing the legality of the Italian occupa
ton.
French Policy.
Perhaps the most remarkable fea
ture of the late pope's policy was the
change in the attitude which the vati
can had hitherto preserved in regard
to the French republic.
At the beginning of Pope Leo's reign
the identification Of the clergy with
the royalist movement which gave
rise to Gambetta's famous remark
lie Clericalisme VOLTA lEnnemi," had
caused an antagonism to all that saw
ored of religion which at one time bid
fair to lead to the early separation Of
church and state in France. Alive tC
the danger of the situation, the pope
sought to conciliate the republic by
acknowledging it as the established
legal form of government and, in
1891 the late Cardinal Lavigerie gave
expression to His Holiness views or
this subject to the great surprise Of
the Catholic press and the perturba
ton of not few members of the
French Episcopate. While thus en-
gagged in political negotiations with
various countries, the late pope pait
special attention to the actual work
of propagating the Catholic faith, ant
no pontifical reign since the Reforma
tion has witnessed such recrudes
cence of Catholicism or such an ex
tension Of the spiritual dominion O
lish speaking countries. AS an ex
ample of this may be cited the mum
erous pilgrimages which came to thu
Eternal City from all parts of thu
world, for instance, at the time of thu
celebration December %, 1887, of thu
Jubilee of the pope's ordination to thu
priesthood. The jubilee service in st
Peters on that occasion was ATTENDED
by $4,000 persons.
At the mass the pope used the gol
den ever and basin presented to hin
by the late Queen Victoria and wor
q tiara given by the emperor of Ger
many. His Holiness also wore a mag
nificent diamond ring sent him by TIL
sultan Of Turkey as personal mari
Of his good will and pleasure.
American Edict.
In February, 1900, the pope issue,
In encyclical on Americanism whicl
caused much discussion and in June
DIR. e. j. LAMBERT