The Baltimore County union. [volume] (Towsontown, Md.) 1865-1909, 1903-10-03

ming IN NEW H16lQG-- fbbPl0
Taking-The Cooling Stove-Remarka-
BILE Stereoscopic Views--Infection by
Bullets-An Ocean School.
Civilization can be gagged by progress In the
use of iron. In arecent paper to the London In
stitution of Mechanical Engineers. Mr.. j. H.
Wicksteed showed that spongy malleable iron,
made direct from the ore, was much employed
for tools and weapons about 1000 B. c., the time
of the earliest records of accurately known
date, and received great attention in the time
of Homer, $50 B. G. Until about 400 years ago.
however, bronze held the field for objects that
could not be shaped by hand hammering. The
best authorities have decided that cast-iron was
discovered between 1890 and 1850, and from that
time iron became as tractable as bronze, and the
iron foundry was added to the forge. 1t is re-
markable that this discovery exactly CORE
spends with the revival of letters in England.
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The sudden pushing out of great protuber-
ances on the sun is not the travel of matter
at enormous velocity, in the view of W. H.
Julius, Of Paris. He supposes that the visible
chromospher is middle layer of gas, and that
the protuberances are whirlpools in the outer
layer made visible through abnormal distur-
Dances by solar light having its origin in the
lower layers.
s+s
In an investigation lasting thirteen years. 1t
has been proven that the effects of inebriety
are transmitted to children with almost abso-
Lutte certainty. OF 1,744 victims, the inebriety
was traced to heredity 1,O80; to bodily disease,
injury or Shocks in 800; to starvation or poison
ing in 100; to ignorance, bad surroundings or
imitation, in IS; and in only o cases was the
origin doubtful.
A better hygienlc dust-collecting vehicle. pref
efably driven by motor, is being sought by
Paris authorities. 1t must open and close read
ily yet allow neither dust nor refuse to escape.
sFs
The "chronophotographic gun" OF DIR. ].
Marcy of the Institute of France, is an ingen-
ious form of moving picture camera, and is so
arranged that when it is aimed and the trigger
is pulled, roll of film sixty feet long is rapidly
passed behind the lens while the shutter in
front winks. With this apparatus number Of
interesting problems have been attacked. Cur
rents of hot air In cold air give photographs
when illuminated with magnesium flash-light,
and when wooden objects of various shapes
are placed in the path of the air-currents, the
pictures show how the wind circles about OBJ
structions, slowing up and then increasing its
velocity. The motion of water beneath surface
waves is shown by reflections from silvered
pearls floating in the liquid in plateg glass tank.
The human voice is photographed by speaking
the vowels into glass globe containing slen-
der acetylene-gas flame, the vibrations of the
flame showing the shape of the sounds. The
beating of the heart and the movements of the
eyes in reading are other fascinating studies
that have begun with this apparatus.
80
instantaneous photography is being applied
by a German biologist to an investigation of the
action Of insects wings. As many as $500 ex-
posures per second are obtained by revolving a
cog-wheel in the focus of concentrated sunlight
the Photographic images of the insect being
separated by means of revolving mirror. A
great difficulty is to get the insect to fly in the
narrow limits in which it can be photographed.
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The novel cooling apparatus of Prof. w. L.
Moore reverses the operation of the heating
stove. The fuel is a mixture of broken ice and
salt, and the cold of this mixture causes draft
down the chimney and over the ice, from which
the current of cooled air passes into the room,
driving out the warm air. AS the cold surface
of the cooler condenses the rooms moisture,
the apparatus serves also for drying the air.
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A new torch for mariners generates gas and
ignites on contact with water. 1t floats upright,
is not extinguished by wind or water, and gives
light of 300 to 10000 candle-power for half an
hour.
In ordinary stereoscopic cameras the pictures
are taken by two lenses about to 4inches apart
This separation causes the views, when seen in
the stereoscope, to combine in an image in bold
relief, but it is not effective for objects more
than so yards away. For greater distances NJ.
Bellieni, of Nancy, uses single teleobjective.
After one exposure is made, the camera is moved
about ten yards for objects 300 yards to mile
distant-and second picture is then taken, the
two photographs combining to give the stereo-
scopio effect in an excellent manner. 1t is ne
cessary to have the camera point exactly the
same way for both views. An accurate level
makes it possible to give the camera the same
inclination in its second position, and special
finder enables the photographer to retain the
original field of view. In obtainining pictures
of mountains or cities this new development of
art offers great possibilities.
80
A Russian lady physician has proven that in
lection may be carried by bullet from the
clothing to q wound. Using Swiss military
rifle, shots were fired-before and after the gun
had become hot-through cloth saturated with
cultures of various heterogeneous, and in
every case the steriized bullet took up germs
from the cloth. Neither high velocity nor heat
were sufficient to prevent infection.
"a
novel engineering school is that of the Rus
sian vessel Ocean" This vessel is equipped
with four types of water-tube boilers and its
sole designs for training engineers and flremen
In the characteristics of these boilers. A full
class of 400 men is expected to receive all neces
sary instruction for naval purposes during a
trip to Chinese waters.
Excessive growth Of hair on the upper lip has
been noted in 497 insane women in each 1000 in
France. It is found in only 290 per 1000 in gen.
eral hospitals, and many of these patients are
marked by mental degeneration.