davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-06-09
SPORTS.
SAYS IT'S A FAKE
John Ruel, Loop-the-Loop Artist,
Says Feat Is Impossible
on Skates.
Feat Accredited to H. G. Lefever
Made Possible by a Mechan-'
ical Device.

A dispatch from indianapolis says that
H. G. Lefever, a trick bicycle rider Of
Lincoln, Neb., looped the loop on skates
as the Cyclorami building in Indianapolis
Saturday morning. Insteal of a bicycle
Lefever used a pair Of specially, made,
large roller skates.
John Ruel, otherwise known as Diavolo,
whose exhibitions Of looping the loop is
one of the chief features of the June car
niVal here, says. that the feat accredited
to Lefever is impossible, unless the topper
is assisted by some mechanical device to
keep him from falling.
II have heard of Lefevers loop on
skates" said Mr.. Ruel this morning, land
while I have never seen the feat myself,
I know just how it is done. While was
in Indiana recently, a friend of mine saw
Lefever perform this trick at Muncie, and
described it to me. The loop used is a
specially constructed one, with a, sort Of
false bottom, a second board runway be-
low the upper one, upon which the skater
travels. The upper runway has a slot in
the middle, and one on the under side is a
truck. An arrangement similar to that
used by cable cars connects this truck
with the skates worn by the performer.
The skater clings with both hands to-
handles attached to the upper truck. He
travels in a. crouching position, and with
his skates attached to the truck, and his
position maintained by his grip on the
handles, he cannot possibly swerve from
his course, or fall.
"Any one can make the loop on skates
in the way Lefever does it. It is a fake
pure and simple. On the other hand it is
absolutely impossible for any man to
skate around the loop without some such
mechanical device to keep him straight.
The strain when the skater struck the
steep rise on the inside of the loop would
be so great that he could not keep him
self from pitching headlong. With this
truck arrangement, however, he is just
as safe as if riding in car; he cannot
possibly fall.
Il knew one o fthe best skaters in the
world who tried for three months to learn:
to make the loop on skates, but without
success. It Is hard enough to keep
wheel straight in the loop, and you can
imagine how much hardedr it would be on
skates I have ridden the loop more than
$50 times without falling, yet only last
night came within a few inches Of going
off.
AS an illustration Of the difficulty Of
the feat. for the first dozen or fifteen times
1 rode I could not see the broad black
stripe in the middle of the runway Not
until m yeye was educated to the task,
did realize just what was doing, and
feel confidence that could repeat the
feat day after day without falling. Even
now when have some such nuarrow es-
cape as last night, lose my confidence, in
degree, until I have made a few more
successful rides
Mr.. Ruel is now figuring upon varia-
ton Of the loop, which he will attempt as
soon as the present feat ceases to become
a drawing card. ,a,
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-06-09
CHANGES In THE RULES
Football Committee Decides Upon
Two Radical Alterations-Quar-
ter May Garry Ball.

The football rules committee which held
meeting in Philadelphia on Saturday to
consider revision Of the rules reached an
agreement to make two alterations in the
rules, according to a statement given out
at New Haven last night by Walter Camp,
chairman of the committee. Mr.. Camp
said:
I'VE practically agreed to make changes
in the rules governing the number of men
who are to be kept in the rush line, and
with regard to the quarterback. We
will draft a rule for next season which
will require that between the two twenty
Vineyard lines, from one twenty-tive-yard
line to the other, seven men will be re-
quired in the line.
In other words, that will prevent mass
plays and heavy formations at the center
of the field. Inside the twenty five-yard
lines there will be no such requirement.
The rule may be drafted in different words,
of course, but that is the substance Of it.
THE rules will allow the quarter back
in the same section of the field to run
with the ball, provided it shall cross the
line Of scrimmage at least five yards from
where it is put in play
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-06-09
MISCELLANEOUS SPORTS

The Wisconsin varsity and the first freshman
Fights were capsfzed by sudden squat on Lake
Mendoza last night, but all of the men were
rescued The accident happened about half a
mile from the boat house. The oarslnen were
rescued by parties in rowboats. The men were
severely chilled from being in the cold water
twenty minutes.
H. 7. Lemist Of Omaha president Of the Trans.
Mississippi Golf association, is authority for the
statement that the annual tournament for this
year will in all probability be held at Des
between now and July 1, for the purpose Of
inspecting the links. - =
One Of the best catches Of bass made at Lake
Mnnetonka this year was secured SUNDAY 81
Spring Park by Hans Holt, machinist of 7 b 6
journal. Peter Brustad, the Times machtn.
1st and Gus Dahl. The three brought in q
string of forty bass, not one Of which weighed
less than pound, while several tipepd the
scales at four pounds or more -
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-06-09
YACHTING

Weather conditions being extremely unfayor..
able, the first trial races over the An,arice, =
course between the Reliance, Constitution and
Columbia, arranged for yesterday, were called,
of heavy fog prevailed. and after every
decided that the postponement would be adyis-
able.
ffteen.knot breeze prevailed outside Sandy
HOOK, blowing from the southeast and had the
fog lifted there is no doubt the yachts could hse
sailed over the thirty-mile course within the.
limit. Should the conditions Of wind and weather
De favorable to-day there will be race &.
there will be few who will not concede that abe
will be the cup defender. Her superiority in the
quleter waters of the sound and the lighter airs
has been established. 81 .A''
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-06-09
A REMEDY FOR SHORT MEN
How Policemen Are Elongated
When They Are Measured
in New York.

New York, June 9.-An investigation has
been started by the civil service board
and Commissioner of Police F. v. Greene
into a charge made that the machine
which has been used at headquarters for
years for measuring applicants for the
force is defective
If the machine is as far wrong as al
legged there may be found to be many
policemen on the force too short for their
jobs. According to an official inspection
OF the machine. it appears that the ap-
paratus can be SO manipulated that man
being measured can add half an inch to
his height. A scheme has been found
whereby the electric mechanism can be
manipulated by the pressure from one
heel, enabling the applicant to raise him
self beyond his true height.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-06-09
WITH THE AMATEURS,

The Smetana Pillnakers Of Hopkins would like
game with any good fast team of Minneapolis,
and as they have their new grounds in good
shape now, are prepared to give any team all
it wants in their line. Bert Gaertner, manager.
Telephone Main 47S.
The Kenwoods defeated the Williams team
by the score Of a to 8. Hall and CARPENTER did
the work for the Kenwoods. The Kenwoods
would like to meet some fast out of town team
Watertown,. Glencoe Shakopee or Waconia pre-.
ferred. Address Roy sweizer, 1929 Irving ave
nue. S.
The Hawthornes would like game next Sun.
day with any 16-year old team in the city. Ad-
dress Paul johnson. 31S Twenty fourth avenue
N, telephone 2326J. 2.5 a@ss-as
The Palace, Jr., team defeated the -Menard
nine 8 to g. For games with the winners ad.
dress NJ I. Braman, Palace Clothing company
The, Minetts would like a game with any IL.
year.old team in the city. For games address
100 Ninth avenue NE.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-06-09
Low Rates to Boston and Return In June
and july

Via the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern
Ry. Tickets will be sold June 25th, 26th
and 9th, extreme return limit August LIST,
and on July list, End, 3rd, 4th and 9Th, ex-
IRENE return limit September LIST. Stop
overs allowed at Niagara Falls and Chau-
tauqua; also at New York on tickets via
that route. Full nformation, with rates
via variable routes1will, be promptly fur
.nished on application to w. B. Hutter,
N. w. PA, St. Paul, or to c. F. DAILY,
Chief A. G. P. A. Chicago.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-06-09
NORTHERN STANDINGS.
NEW YORK GETS ELBERFELD.

Detroit, June "a trade has been completed
whereby Norman Elberfeld, suspended shortstop
American club in exchange for Herman Long
and Courtney. The latter will play third for De:
two conferences yesterday. arranging and COM
pleting this deal; Detroit plays in New York the
that the exchange will be effected at that time.
Elberfeld went to Tennessee yesterday with
his family, but said before leaving that he would
report where sent, if money held out on fines
and suspension was made good to him.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-06-09

Had st. Olaf won this game she would
have tied st. Thomas for first place In the
intercollegiate league. Carleton received
no runs until the ninth inning. when they
pounded Kolhei out Of the box with two
runs. Hinderlie went in the boxtwith three
men on bases, all of whom got home safe
ly. Henry Thompson, st. Olaf's umpire In
many Of her winning games, got excited
and displayed a club and struck Carletons
manager with his fist.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-06-09
NOT POETRY, BUT VERSE

Anonymous Fan Furnishes Awful Example
to Public.
An anonymous fan hands in the follow
ing effusion, with the request that T h 9
j print it in the sporting col
umn. We do so simply to give the public
an awful example Of the depths to which
man may sink by over Indulgence In even
the most harmless sport The sporting
editor does not know what incident was
responsible for the spasn1, but 1t is imma-
terial anyway. This is it,:
Who hit the ball with the muscular arm?
Who poked the ball way out on the farm?
Which could not be reached without an auto?
Twas big George Capron, the Texas slugger
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-06-09
AFTER KERw1N AND oDwELL.

Louisville. Ky, June 9.-It has been rumored
here for several days that both the Chicago and
Philadelphia National league clubs are after Fred
odwell and Dan Kerwin. the heavy hitting center
Tebeau's Louisville team in the American asso-
citation. febeau says that either of the clubs
will have to give So 900 for the release Of the
players. and Tebeau says be stands ready to pay
each of the more money than any club in
the National league will pay for their services.
Tebeau denies positively that the men are to 60,
and says both of the National league clubs
would have 10 give two of their best men and
money tn get The Jouisvi1e nlavers - NJ
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-06-09
lI6
Baltimore a & Ohio railroad

Baltimore & Ohio railroad
Offers very low
Round trip rates
From Chicago to
Boston, June %, Is and q.
Account meeting First
Church Of Christ Scientists,
And July l., 2, 81. 4 and s,
Account National Educational
Association.
Chicago to Baltimore, Md,
June 1S and 10, account National
Meeting Grand Lodge, b. r. o. Elks.
Ticket office PA Clark street, Chicago
B. N. Austin, G. p. A., Chicago.
Robert G. Haase, N. w. 7. p a., st. Paul.
MINI. 4
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-06-09
AMERICAN LEAGUE

At Boston r H E
Boston .............0 o . 6 O 90 Z Q
Detroit ............0 OIL 5 8
Batteries-Smith. Hughes and Young; Nc
CURE and Deering.
At Washington r II r
Washington $500 i OF O o o. s 3
Cleveland .........3 o OIL O1.o Oft 10
Batteries-Clark and Orth; Bemis and Joss.
At Philadelphia 2GE r. H 2
Chicago ..........o o 10 o~ooaoo-l s
Phila delphia ......1 0 1so1 / VS. y: /
Batteries-McFarland and White; schreck
and Bender. sG%s~ s., r. e#
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-06-09
NATIONAL LEAGUE

At Pittsburg- q
PhiIadelnhfa q q q q n e q x n n >
Batteries-Phelps and Lever; Roth and
Sparks.
Chicago ............o 0 oe11oo o-s 10 3
Boston ............2 0 O-6 6 2
and Moran.
At Cincinnati r n
Cincinnati ..........o 0 o o1o+-I i
Brooklyn ......'.....O Q 0 0 O o o 90 2 1
Battertes-Peitz and suthoff; Jacklitsch and
&0hulidt, ~
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-06-09
NORTHWESTERN GAMES,

Rushford Mimi, June 9.-After winning five
straight games, the Winona Amateurs were de.
feated here % tc g.
Aberdeen. s. D., June e-Webster won from
Aberdeen in a walk by a score Of 3 to 1; Miller
for Webster struck out sixteen men. Batteries
Webster, Miller and Monson; Aberdeen. Tracy
and Fossum ~ J y
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-06-09
NORTHERN LEAGUE

At Grand Forks r. H E
Grand Forks .....o o:oo1-1 6
Winnipeg o O 2 OIL 8 O-6 8 2
Batteries-Grand Forks Sleete and Mullane;
Winnipeg, Corbett and Rogers; umpire, Owens.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-06-09

ST. PAUL, MINI. JUNE 8, 1sos.-sEALEn
proposals, in triplicate, will be received here.
July s. 1908. for furnishing such corn, oats.
BRAN hay and straw os may be required during
the the hscai year commencing July |. 1908. at
Montana; Fort Lincoln N. D.. Fort Meade. s.
D., Fort Yellowstone, Wyo., and Fort Smelling.
and ST. Paul, MINI. Instrue lions furnished on
application here to quartermasters at the posts
named U. S. reserves right to accept or reject
anv or all proposals or any part thereof.-Geo q.
Pond, G. @. NJ
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-06-09
Very Low Summer Rates

There is no one article in the line of
medicines that gives SO large a return
for the money as a good porous strength
ening plaster, such as Carriers Smart
Weed and Belladonna Backache Plasters
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-06-09

Two.base hits, Sullivan. Wood, DUNCAN: sacri-
flee hits, Sullivan, Hemphill =. Dunleavy; double
play, Childs to Hart; bases on balls OF Egan
4, off Hale 81, struck out by Egan 2: left on
bases, Louisville 10, Milwaukee 8; time, 1:55;
umpire. Haskell. - -,
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-06-09

Tod Sloan the American jockey, has begun
suit against the French Jockey club to recover
$4,000 damages because of the action. Of the
Jockey club in excluding him from further en-
trance to the weighing Enclosures or training
grounds controlled by the society. The stewards
of the Jockey club, in expel1ng him, issued a
notification that the action was taken because
Sloan had exercised the horse Rose de Mai at
Chant1lly without authority. The Temps stated
at the time that Sloan really excluded for
spreading turf rumors. The case came up before
the Paris courts yesterday and was postponed for
week - -
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-06-09
Special Low Rates to Boston and Return
~ via North Western Line,

Account N. 3. A. Good going June 80
to July 4th with liberal time limits re-
turning. Call or write for very low sum-
mer rates to other points, 3s2 Robert ST.,
st. Paul. 600 Nicollet Ave, Minneapolis.
f w. Teasdale, G.sP. A. st. Paul
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-06-09
AT INDIANAPOLIS.
Totals
*Durham out on bunt strikes.

Indianapolis 500 Q o. Q 0 1 %
Kansas City ......O 8 0 o Q 8 SO
Bases on balls. by Williams /, by Durham 6:
base hit. Grady; sacrifice hits, .Maloney, Nance:
stolen bases. Fox g. Woodruff; left on bases In
and Cunningham. Time, 1850. Attendance 1 $50.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-06-09
ON THE RUNNING TRACK

Savable, the candidate Of John A. Drake Of
Chicago, and Irish Lad, the property of Harry
Payne Whitney and Herman Duryea Of New
York, are running neck and neck as favorites for
the American derby. The race, according to the
makers Of future books in Chicago, lies between
the two millionaire racing firms.
Both were reduced from 6 to to 1 yesterday
The reduction of Savable followed his defeat
of McChesney at Harlem and the odds on Irish
Lad were sliced because of the positive informa-
ton received that Irish Lad would run for the
Washington Park prize on June 20.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-06-09
AT COLUMBUS.

Stolen bases. Turner, Shannon; sacrifice hits
Gleason, Arndt; bases on balls, off Chech /; two
base hits, Arndt, Geier; three-base hit, Mellor
double plays. Raymer to Gleason to Mellor;
Chech to Kelley; struck out by Bailey 2, by
Chech 8; time. 1:30; umpire Mulane.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-06-09

Women with pale, colorless faces, who
feel weak and discouraged, will receive
both mental and bodily vigor by using
Carriers Iron Pills, which are made far
| the blood, nerves and complexion.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-06-09
ARRIVE ChIcaoo s so a. Nj.

The famous North Western Limited, the
train for comfort, leaves Minneapolis 500
p. NJ, st. Paul, $3.50 p. M, but now arrives
in Chicago at $3.50 a. m.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-06-09
Furniture prices Cut Badly

" = $3.50 - = 3 'SSo Ut 0duiy
BY the new factory. who are going out Of
business and bound to sell regardless Of
values. Fifth street s. See ad page q.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-06-09
UMPIRE SLUGS PLAYER
Real Exciting Time Is Witnessed In Game
at NorthfieId,

Mortified, Mimi, June 9.--In the most
exciting and interesting game played in
this city in many years Northfie1d s two
colleges battled in baseball yesterday. The
final result was 5 to 3 in favor Of Carleton
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-06-09
Alex BANDELIN Is CAPTAIN.

Madison, Wis, June 9.-Alexander Bandelin
of Grand Rapids Wis, brother Of Coach Oscar
Bandelin. has been elected captain of the Univer-
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-06-09
carey's MagnesIa Cement ROOFING.

The only roofing material that grows bet
ter with age. Try it. w. s. Mott Com
pany. Both phones. 876. SIS
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-06-09
HOW THEY STAND.
GAMES TO-DAY.

GAMES TODAY.
Minneapolis at Columbus.
st. Paul at Toledo.
Milwaukee at Indianapolis.
Kansas City ateLouisville.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-06-09
NATIONAL STANDINGS,
GAMES TO-DAY

JAMES TU.UAY,
Philadelphia at Pittsburg.
Brooklyn at Cincinnati.
: New York at St. Louis.
Boston at Chicago.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-06-09

New Train Service to Hotel St. Louis
(Lake Mlnnetonka) via c., M.
~ e. St. p. ny.
Commencing Monday. June 9Th and con-
tinuing until Saturday, June 18TH in
elusive. Trains will leave the Milwau-
kee depot at 9 a. m and $50 p. m. Re
turning, leave Hotel St. Louis at 7:45
a. m. and p. m.
Very Low Summer Rates
Via the North estern Lire. No matter
where you wish to go, East or South, West
or Southwest, write for lowest rates and
full particulars to T. w. Teasdale, G. P.
A., St. Paul, MINI.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-06-09
AMERICAN STANDINGS,

GAMES TODAY.
Chicago at Philadelphia.
Detroit at Boston.
Cleveland at Washington.
St. Louis at New York
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-06-09

:. WESTERN LEAGUE.
Peoria g. Kansas City o. .:,-s
St. Joseph 5, Milwaukee t.. v
The Chanute times. [volume] (Chanute, Kan.) 1897-1913, 1903-09-18
The Council.

The city council met Monday night
and did some business. They discuss
ed the claim of r. N. Allen, and,
after lengthy talk. got this trouble
some matter In a fair way for settle
ment
The street sweeper contract was
again taken up and the sweeper
proposition was accepted. This is
surely much needed implement On
our paved streets and cannot be put
in too soon for the convenience and
comfort of our citizens.
A motion to turn of the gas In the
school buildings till the gas bills of
the district are adjusted, was carried.
1t does seem strange that. body of
business men should claim that the
city should furnish free gas to the
school district. We do not blame our
country members OF the board for
woi king the city If they can, but 1t
seems strange that there should be
any doubts in the mind of the council
In the matter.
Bert Manley's request for s25. per
month increase in salary was granted.
This seems a deserving compliment
TO a competent, faithful employee.
Fire Chief Herod appeared before
the council and in a sun burst of elo-
quence depicted to the council the
development that had been made in
the FIRE company with but little en-
enlargement from the city aud asked
that another paid employe be added
at salary of $40. and that a slight
increase be made in his prince1y sal
airy. The council seemed impressed
by the chiefs statements and some
thing will doubtless be done along
the lines suggeste d.
This was quite a busy business
meeting and considerable work was
accomplished.
The Chanute times. [volume] (Chanute, Kan.) 1897-1913, 1903-09-18

Said gentleman the other day
who left the Republican party In
the "pop age, ""I Indignantly deny
the report that | have returned to
the Republican fold. If l ever
even dreamed of returning, | would
not know which Republican party
in Kansas to join. You know there
are two-the Leland Republicans
party and the Burton Republican
party. Both are so corrupt that |
am still anti Republican, and will
still favor anybody to beat Roose-
welt. Parsons Eclipse. Rather
strong language, "corrupt." Why
not make a few specific charges?
Doubtless the gentleman is one of
the many who are against good
thing, unless they are in with it.
The Chanute times. [volume] (Chanute, Kan.) 1897-1913, 1903-09-18

Of all pursuits by man invented,
The farmer is the best contented
His calling good, his profits high,
And on his labors all rely.
Let kings to farmers make bow,
And every man procure a plow.-
Kansas Farmer.
A plow no doubt is just the thing
To have around in early spring.
1t shows results of honest toll,
But can't be used for gettin' oil.
The Chanute times. [volume] (Chanute, Kan.) 1897-1913, 1903-09-18

The great mining camp of Grip
pie Creek, Col, is guarded by a
thousand soldiers. The miners
there are on a big strike and man,
depredations are being committed
1t is about time for the government
to take a hand and demonstrate
that even striker may go too far.
The Chanute times. [volume] (Chanute, Kan.) 1897-1913, 1903-09-18

The Georgia prison commission
declared that the penitentiary ward
en- was justified in whipping a wo
man convict but took measures 10
prevent him from doing it again by
accepting" his resignation-The
Parsons Independent. The official
who does such thing is degener
ate spawn of SOCIAL evil, a moral
leper and mental pauper, and the
commission referred to above are a
libel on their monkey ancestors
The whole push need exterminating.
The Chanute times. [volume] (Chanute, Kan.) 1897-1913, 1903-09-18

All the northwest territory is un-
der snow. In Manitoba a severe
storm of rain, sleet and snow swep'
over the country on Saturday and
Sunday, leaving coating of 8 in
ehes of snow. Grain standing in
the fields uncut was destroyed.
The Chanute times. [volume] (Chanute, Kan.) 1897-1913, 1903-09-18

japan is very much incensed over
the failure of Russia to evacuate
Manchuria as agreed She is pre-
pairing to make formal demands on
Russia for fulfillment of her prom
ise to moAe forces from this country.