davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1903-12-27

percentage OF unredeemet notes OF twenty-five
State banks OF Ohio having circulation or s21s6.
3S1 2.79 The greatest amount OF circulation
issued 10 707 State banks in twelve States was
s1461,3+S. the amount outstanding e 6S6,2S3, and
the proportion unredeemed "a per cent.
From these figures il may be seen that a maxi
mum estimate OF per cent IS not extravagant and
cent Is extremely conservative.
The actual figures OF the forty State banks which
failed prior to 1876 and which were last officially
computed, showed that "A per cent was outstanding
in that year. The various tables regarding these
banks which have been recapitulated in the office
OF the Controller have been compiled from various
sources into comprehensive table. covering the
whole period showing the total circulation and the
percentage OF unredeemed notes at various periods,
follows
rPereentage unredsemed =
10 $50 80. s155 400 18s SO 60 As 80
1879 EEieo '....' 1.e42 2ss 67O 2es 1.E .ss "a
Il 1873 sa5e a. oe.o s1sss7s nsl e7s POI 1as 80
40 bank, s6sss. $50 25Os 67s lbs IOe IA
The fifteen banks which failed before 1870 were
the First National Bank, Of AttiCa, n Y; Nenango
National Of Franklin, Penn: Merchants National,
Of Baltimore; First National of Medina- n Y:
Tennessee National. of Memphis: First National, OF
Selma. Ala; First National OF New-Orleans; Ma
tional Unedilla OF Unadtlla y. Y Farmers and
Citizens National, Of BROOKLYN; CrotOn National.
OF New-Tork: First National. OF Bethel Conn;
First National. of keoAuk. Iowa; National Bank,
of NicksbUrg. Miss; First National, OF Rockford.
IL First National. Of Austin. New.
The eight which failed prior TO 1873 were the
Ocean National Of New-York; Union Square Ma
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1903-12-27
TO RELIEVE WASHINGTON OF SLUM CONDITIONS
REGARDED as DISGRACE TO NATIONAL CAPITAL-
CONGRESS ALONE CAN ACT.

Washington. Dec IS (SpeciaD.-The national cap
ital has for years been content with the magnih-
cence Of its public buildings and private dwellings
ana has endured its shabby and disreputable busi-
ne9 houses and tenenents as one OF the inevita-
Die conditions OF life the filthy and disreputa-
Die surrounding OF the great marble Capitol Itself
being disgrace to decency and menace to safe
ty and health.
But at last Jacob F1iis. OF rJevT-York has caused
Washington 10 wake up from her FTP Van Wrinkle
sleep and made her citizens believe that this Is
one OF the flthiest cities or the American CONT
rent and that the necessary campaign OF GeodOr-
ization and distnfectou must begin al once LII
ftiis gave it out publicly that he never dreamed
that such a condition could exist within the city
Oh washington; that he found filth and foulness
right under the noses OF the lawmakers while hid
den back IN the blind alleys the city sights
which would make the residents Of the worst por-
ton OF London blush for shame.
Mr.. Riis spoke the truth. and the fact has been
known 10 the good people OF Washington FOR many
years. but there was way for relief through
action by Congress. and this di1icuIt get.
There gems now determination the part OF
the District Commissioners. who are substantially
backed, to have laws enacted which viii clean out.
tear out, burn out or get out in other way the
buildings and novels which almost hem in the great
building on the hill The main approach-Pennsyl-
vsnls-ave.. the chief boast OF the city extending
from the Navy Yard 10 GeorgetOwn-has been
called disgrace to civilization The broad and
splendidly paved avenue Is lined with low saloons,
cheap boarding houses s-half-soIed-WhHe-yo
wait shops, shooting galleries. Chinese chop suey
houses. second hand stores, junk shops, three
cent lunch rooms, and houses Of even worse char
soter
Perhaps IN no city could be found a public street
OF moro disreputabls surroundings than this
washington Bowery." Many of the buildings
thoroughly unsanitary and unsafe. but the owners
decline to repair. for the rents always good and
shack Is seldom vacant. On the ''BOwery''
always be found ever changing panorama OF
human nature. Men Of all sizes, shapes and condi-
tions minsle promscuously together Wen dressed
men and III dressed men. OF intelligence and
stupid ones, old and young. foreign and native.
white and black, all mixed up in general tumble.
and, OF COURSE there Is not an entire absence OF
the other Cheap whskey. cheaper eating.
cheapest lodgings, make this vicinity a fsvOrits
place for men and women OF slanting reputation.
The color line is not drawn TO extent. and any
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1903-12-27

the river beds about New-York The method. he
permits the construction outside the cast steel
tubing Of a strong concrete foundation and wall in
which drainage system may be created. and the
elimination of deep dips beneath river beds TO fnd
q substance sufficiently firm to bear the weight OF
railway traffic or escape 4 TOO liquid enveloplng
medium, relieves the work from the horrors ana
liability accident from working in air greatly
compressed. The extreme depth OF ninetyfour feet
midway between pier lines in the East River tun-
mel planned, Mr. Mclean says, calls for
about the limit OF working pressure. Thirty-f1ve
feet above that depth, he says where he would lay
the tunnel the working pressure would not be dan
gerOus.
Mr.. Mclean has drawn plans for applying his
system Of construction to both the East River tun-
mel and the Pennsylvania Railroad tunnel, under
the North River. a cross section of his plan for
the East River tunnel and cross section of the
Rapid Transit COMMISSIONS plan form illustrations
for this article. A comparison OF the strength Of
the constructions should not be difficult, even
to layrnen and Mr.. Mclean asserts that he can
five years in construction, much OF the origl-
nal cost and 81 per cent annually in the operating
expenses Of the railroad on a capitalization Of
81 10000
Another advantage claimed by Mr.. Mclean for
his method is that he build tunnels for two or
four track railroads in one channel. and at one
operation while shield tunneliing under rivers re-
Quires separate tubes for the tracks Tar enough
apart TO Ornate the possibility OF injury to one
tube BY the excavation for the other.
Work on the roof Of the S4-foot section OF the
Harlem River tunnel viii be begun IN ABOUT
month. and the other two sections VIII De DulIt
practically ct the same time. All will be sunk be-
fore the final work Of construction within either is
begun
In view Of the fact that the plans for building
the East River tunnel contemplate its completion
in two years. Mr.. McBean's statement that he can
begin five years hence and finish his tunnel first is
regarded as somewhat startling. The method in use
by the contractors there is said 10 be the same as
that employed in the old North River tunnel, work
on which has been in progress q part Of the time
for twenty years and tube OF which is not yet
finished although several corporations have been
bankrupted by the undertaking.
Ny Mclean says that b. his method tunnels for
-+reet crossings under the Harlem and Spuyten
Duyvl Creek can be constructed more quickly and
cheapIy than bridges.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1903-12-27
DIMENSIONS OF NoAHs ARK.

As IN the case OF tbs story Of Jonah and hiA
brief but intimate acquaintance with the whale
questions have been raised about the authenticity
OF the story OF the trip OF the first houseboat the
ark Was it possible to construct vessel having
ths reputed capacity OF that famous craft7 What
were It's dimensions anyway These questions
have buZzed IN the head OF more than ono "old
subscriber and constant reader" The Editor OF
The Syren and Shipping" has undertaken 70
answer these questions and to lay for all time any
doubts TO whether the writer OF the story OF the
DeuSe was ignorant OF the subject OF shiVbuildtng
within the last ten years, he says, "tha gen
eral dimensions OF the ark have been closely fol-
lowed by cargo steamship builders for deep sea
and the American Great Lakes service According
to the Bible, the ark $50 feet long 50 feet wide
and IS feet deep. Her tonnage was u. 413 and she
had plenty OF room for pairs OF all the distinct
species or animals that classed BY Button
24+-and she could have accommodated thousand
persons and then have plenty OF room FOR the
storage OF supplies In the seventeenth century
Peter Jansen. HOLander. built vessel Of the ex-
act proportions OF the ark. and she was SUCCESSFUL
as records OF the times show. IN making money tor
her owners. Noah. the Father OF Naval Archf-
lecture is held IN profound respect by naval archf
tects Of to-day, who know how tmmeasurably the
PhCenicans Greeks ana Romans and all other
shipbuiders fell short OF the excellence OF the type
OF the ark a cOmmO6iOuS, safe and economical
vessel"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1903-12-27

tionaI OF New-York: Eighth EationaL Of New
YORK; Fourth National. OF philadelphia Wavsrly
National, Of Wayerly! n. Y; First National, OF
Fort Smith. Fort Smith, Ark; Scandinavian Ma
tionaI, OF Chicago, and the Waikiki National. Of
AiddistOwn, y. y.
The seventeen which failed prior to 1875 were the
Crescent City National OF Nsw-Crleans; Atlantic
National Of New York. First National OF Baltl-
more; National Bank OF the Commonwealth. New
York; Merchants National. OF PereFsSurg. Va :
First National OF Petersburg Va First National
OF Mansfield Ohio; New-OTleans National tsalsll-ig
First National OF Anderson Ind; First National
OF Topeka. Kan; First National, Of Norfolk, Va :
Gibson County National Bank, OF Princeton. Ind .
First National Bank OF Utah. Salt Lake CITY,
Cook County National, Of Chicago; First National
OF Tifin. Ohio, and Charlottesville National %
Charlottesville, Va
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1903-12-27
NEWBORN DAILY TRIBUNE SUNDAY. DECEMBER u 1908

tiny openinss-'monkey holes" they are locally
styled-ard from out of each OF these comes
rivulStr so tiny that It powerless to do harm
But little by little these Eubterraneen springs drill
their way through the entire thickness Of the
mountain. digging out long tunnels, into which
the visitor may enter Il he be so inclined The
guide accompanying him will begin by warning him
that it IS prudent for him to make his viii ere
doing so. since owing to the work of the
destructive streams. continual salt slides occur
In the narrow channels Great blocks OF salt are
liable at any time to crash down upon the ex-
piorer. crushing hin like fy-the sound Of ones
voice. the weishtVf ones body on the soil being
sufficient to detach them from the roof Let the
visitor, however. proceed a few steps further;
from the ceiling depend stalactles OF salt OF i'm
maculate whiteness, to all Appearances chande-
Hers; the streamlet seems TO flow along a crystal
bed. and the drop of hanging from the sharp
point OF each stalactite sCutilates like diamond
by candlalght Suddenly the guide pulls you back
calling your attention to feeble sound akin 10
that emitted by squeezed sponge; 1t is hardly
perceptible to the ear, and YET il sounds
ing OF an imminent salt slide, and it becomes i'm
peratiye to retrace ones steps without having been
able to penetrate further the fairylike In
terror of the mountain.
The mountain of CarGona being private prop
erty. three or four gorgeously uniformed keepers
are intrusted with the duty Of Eeeng that the in
habtantS of the surrounding country do not come
and help themselves to salt; It is. however.
easy matter 10 take away q crystalline fragment
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1903-12-27

eminent. The percentage of money never redeemed
and characterized as unknown currency Is com
paratvely small. yet much more in the aggregates
than most persons imagine.
In the United States Treasury IS cash reserve
or general trust fund. which is intended for the
purpose Of protecting the credit OF the governments
and the people. In the event OF a 1reas-
ury. this reserve would be used for the redemption
CT paper currency. For each outstanding gold ard
silver certificate and United States Treasury note
there IS like stored IN the Treasury vaults or
within command OF the government. Any person
holding OF these notes. may present It at a
government depository and receive it's equivalent IN
coin. According TO the latest monthly statement OF
the Treasurer Of the United States there waNon
November last S4331ss $50 in gold certificates and
Sass, eco IN silver certificates outstanding. the
greatest in the history OF the nation. lake
amounts of gold coin and silver dollars held
for the redemption of these.
On the same day the amount Of outstanding paper
currency in Ss form of United States notes was S3s
6s1 o6. SinceCs7S this amount has been the same
level because made permanent by law. For some
years after the Civil War this was styled fat
money. There was no reserve other than the credit
and good word Of the government to make it good
TO the people During the first Cleveland admins
rration A500oo.0co OF gold coin and bullion
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1903-12-27
UNREDEEMED CURRENCY.
Government Has Gained S25 900 900
By Bills Destroyed.

The clear profit up to date accruing 20 the ma
tional government through the various ways OF de
stroying paper bills is estimated amount to about
S25OJ0O00 This enormous is stored away in
the vaults Of the United States Treasury at Wash
ington in the shape of gold and silver coin and
bullion When one initiates paper money in such
manner that it never can be presented for re-
de1nption. the government enjoys the useful con-
sequences. When another demonstrates to a party
Of friends that he has money burn" by light
ing a cigar with a folded dollar BILL Uncle Sam
is the beneficiary Of the foolish idea.
The amount be figured approximately only
however. There is way for Uncie Sam and
his most expert fnancie-s 20 estimate In certain
set figures this paradoxicaI fund But it is there
nevertheless. silent factor in the shrinkage Of
national moneys. and cannot be touched because
It is part of the reserve or trust fund held for
the redemption Of the paper currency OF the gov
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1903-12-27

torce the water out. and the keystone segment VIII
De permanently bolted into place
- &c method Tor cuttiry off pilng and shenthing
- 500 Oeheath water is interesting On each side
% the channel is built piling strong fra-ne-
80, gained working platform, and on this T.
i~l"ay Is laid conforming exactly to the $50
80 smart bearing circular saw at its lower
-, 1SPe"us from an arm extending from a
sa~rn'l on truck resting ON these rails TT,a -,
Is e1setiy the number Of feet below the track on
ee a.iorm OF the subaqueous grade TO be FORMED
- - u course cuts the piles and sheathing IN
:. ~. eseny and smoothly as it moves along a row
o. 'ne tinloers already driven in place
IN ADDITION to perfection OF alignment and tr,,+b
y t-aae' Doth Of which Mr. Mclean says ar. al
most impossible I'm shield tunneIIng he says thai
s-e Val OF sheothing and floor supports OF piling
O''4 d permanent and firm protection against
washing, securing and undermining. even In the
upper stratum OF the almost liquid silt which forms
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1903-12-27

ore Is good fellow 50 long as his money holds
out
Just Off PennsyIvaaia-ave. and Immediately at
the foot OF the front OF the Capitol grounds is
Little Italy" as thoroughly uninviting a part OF
the city as one could imagine. and where poverty
misery and vice hold high carnival among the
worst element Of the unfortunates who claim II as
their phase OF abode. There Is only one redesming
feata1e II Little Itaiy''-the little children can
take refuge in the Capitol grounds and get out OF
their miserable surroundings In the boosted
civilization and refinement OF the nations capital
it is dihcult to imagine how such conditions can
be tolerated under the very shadow OF the CAPITOL
dome IN Little Italy there IS every evidence OF
llth-positive. comparative and superlative. The
modern Italians. Ike the ancient Romans. seem TO
be with oUtstretched hands. and believe that
the world owes them a living without the sweat
OF the brow and the spur Of IS the only
thing which viii give them provocation 70 work
But this Little Italy Is only OF the three
hundred blind alleys of WASHINGTON which Mr. Riis
visited. and which. ne says. discounted anything
he had ever witnessed investigated elsewhere
There just as bad al over Washington. and
the moral tone Is even worse In most OF than.
Chinatown. south OF the avenue. and not far
moved from Little Italy IS populated almost
treiy by thu Celestials. and they have been there
long that the residents OF Washington pay little
attention TO them, and seldom think OF than save
when the police make rad and run IN = wagon
load OF them for playing policy or fantan- China
town is a model quarter compared TO some OF ths
other localities where the white and black I've and
mix iadiscriniBately
\ Congressman who IS much Interested n Wash
ington. and who took kindly 70 Mr.. Rii5 and his
work here, IN speaking Of the outlook for action by
Congress. said:
4 have been in Congress several years. but
never dreamed that right here within the sound OF
speechmakers such conditions existed 7 am
ashamed TO say that we are simply surrounded with
filth, disease and vice. Why. even some OF tho
apparently respectable hosses are the homes OF
Eoied doves. They getting pretty bold when
they leave the TenderIOin' and camp right at the
Capitol grounds. Back the alleys the houses are
nothing more than shacks. in which ara housed
whites and blacks. with every element OF disease
and crime breeding.
If Mr. Ris has succeeded IN opening the eyes
Of our people he has done great WORK Il Is high
time for heroic measures to De adopted. ana
1 believe that when Congress IS shown the condt-
ton OF affairs there VIII be something doing WIKI
out any ceremony
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1903-12-27
DEATH By LIGHTNING
Over Seven Hundred People Killed This
Way Last Year.

AS may be determined, 13 persons were
killed BY lightning IN the United States IN 800.
and between 100 and 800 probably killed each
year East OF the Tooth meridian thundsrstorma &C.
cur an over the country but west OF II. except IN
the Rocky Mountains. the frequency OF storms d.
rnintshes until the Pacific Coast thsre ars prac-
tica1y The greatest number q storms occCrs
In Florida, IN the middle Mississippi Valley and
the middle Missouri Valley The averags number
OF storms IN each in 1900 was a, 60 and 90
spectively. The greatest number OF deaths n any
single State GSss-ls0O was 1sS-in PenasyIvania.
Ohio next with rs. Indiana, Illinois and New
York having 124 each. As 70 city and country, thu
more dense ths population the smaller the rate 70
the 1.000O00 OF population, due, OF course. to the
fact that the territory OF the country Is far greater
than that of the civ Beside this the metal roofs
telegraph wires, etc. OF the cities con
dUctOrs. Lightning rods, usually put up. or
no use tin roof with gutter sp0utS leading into
the ground Is much more effective. Barns with
green hay invite lightning. Maple and
cottonwood trees are struck much more frequently
than oaks these much more than beeches. Trees
are surely poor place for shelter. and feather
beds are not dislked BY the sIroks.-CTopeka Cap
ttaL
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1903-12-27
the free banking system OF thu

safety fund or under the free banking system OF thu
State OF NsW-YoTk.
The maximum amount OF circulation Issued to
them $50 754 59, and the amount OF unredeened
circulation was 1888. 2S7. or 263 per cent OF the
highest amount issued. The amount OF circulation
issued to 20 State banks In Wisconsin 1855 400
and the amount Unrsdeamed 1874, 14T LIS
per cent The maximum Issue to 2lO State banks
In the six SewEngland States S3s PAS $50, while
the amount remaining unredeemed was 1892 67, or
3O2 per cent. In the report OF the Controller IN
1883 the statement was made that the returns from
2ss State banks In New-York, New-Jersey, Dea-
ware and Maryland show their maximum cirCula-
ton to have been s65 81 r7s. while the
deemed was S. T07, AS. or percentage OF 260 The
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1903-12-27
MOUNTAIN OF SALT.
The Salt Mountains of CardOna, Spain.

The mountain possesses, however, one formidable
foe who slowly but relentessly. gnaws 1t from
the inside Scattered about in the mountain are
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1903-12-27

by way Of memeuto. So limpd is the substance
that spectacle glasses can be made out of the
more transparent pieces. The employed at
the salt works turn out crosses rosaries, goblets
and bottles. which they sell TO tourists for few
pesetas-(P Philadelphia Ledger.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1903-03-26
USED THE LODGE
TO TRAP HIS MAN
Admissions Of a Detective in the
Stratton Will Case.
CONTEST is NOW FAIRLY ON
EX-SENATOR WOLCOTT Is THE
SONS ATTORNEY.

Colorado Springs. Colo. March 25.-
The hearing of the famous Stratton
viii case. in which I Harry Stratton,
only son and heir or w. S. Stratton.
is suing for his fathers estate, vail
ued at $4,000. 900. left by the latter TO
Colorado Springs for a memorial home
for INDECENT poor, started in the dis
trict court today Two days ago
Harry G. Berry, a detective, filed an
affidavit I'm court, alleging that the at
tOrneys for j. Harry stratton had tam
pered with the list of 1urymen VINO
are 90 hear the case, and today the
time of the court was taken up hearing
the testimony as TO the truth Of the
charge which, III substantiated, viii
mean that a new panel win be called.
Berry was on the stand all morning
and Yves subjected TO a fierce cross
examination by Senator WOlcOtt who
forced him 90 admit that be was az
first employed by a representative OF
the administrators. who are lighting
the son. and while so employed went
TO the attorneys of the son and entered
their employ thus obtaining inside m
formation which he handed over TO the
administrators.
Berry is a members Of the Elks lodge
I'm this city, and in order TO create an
impression that he favored Harry
stra.ton. introduced the latter into the
lodge. When Berry admitted this un-
der oath. it created "a decided sthsa-
ffou
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1903-03-26
a fiOst Of Witnesses-Pe-ru-Ha a Co
farrt Cure Tl1af Rests IN the IInsn-

A fiOst Of WttHesSeS-Pe-Tu-Ha a Co
tarrh Cure That Rests on the UnSO-
HClted Testimony Of Thousands.
This is an age when theories have lit
tie or no weight on the average mind,
but actual demonstration is demanded.
The busy people Of today have neither
time nor inclination to speculate, and
turn with distrust from everything that
does not plainly bear the stamp Of fact.
The reason Peruna has gained such
universal hold Of the confidence Of the
people as a catarrh cure is because all
statements concerning 1t are accom-
panied by facts.
A book containing specimens selected
at random from a cloud Of witnesses
who have been cured Of chronic catarrh
by Peruna sent free by The Peruns
Medicine Co., Columbus, Ohio.
If You do not derive prompt and salts
factory results from the use Of Peruna
write at once to DR.. Hartman, giving a
full statement Of your case and he viii
be pleased to give you his valuable ad-
vice gratis.
Address DR.. Hartman, President Of
The Hartman sanitarium, Columbus, o..