davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1903-06-03
Anarchy Among the Socialists.

Milwaukee, June 3.-The growth OF
anarchy is said to be responsible for
division in the ranks of the Social Dem
ocratic party in Milwaukee. The
Twenty-first ward branch has been
stricken from the membership, the
leaders say, for holding anarchistic
tendecies and for defying the city or
ganization when it exercised its right
to keep the party clean.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1903-06-03
CHANGE OF VENUE ORDER
WITHDRAWN IN JFTT CASE

Jackson, KY, June 3.-The order
changing the trial of thes Jett and
White murder cases to Morgan coun-
ty has been withdrawn. frhe cases
will be tried here as soon as the jury
can be summoned from the adjoining
county.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1903-06-03
VARYING CONDITIONS
OF WEAVERS' STRIKE
Several Manufacturers to Accept
Demands of the Men-Other
Workers Go Out.

Philadelphia, June 3.-Several large
ingram carpet manufacturers today
announced their intention 3of grant
ing the demand of the weaters. One
plant has already resumed operations.
The haircloth weavers left the looms
today, closing four mills.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1903-06-03
TRIED TO KILL QUEEN:
COMMITTED SUICIDE
Report OF Tragedy involving Cook in
Royal Palace or
Servia.

Vienna, June -Uncon6rmed ru-
mors are in circulation at Belgrade,
Servia, that King Alexander's French
cook committed suicide at the palace
after having been detected in an at
tempt to poison Queen Draga.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1903-06-03
ralks FIrht at Manchester.

The presidents train entered this
state at Council Bluffs, and during the
early part of the day passed through
flooded districts. and in his speech here
the president referred to the flood and
said that the american citizen is able
to win his way on the long rum" and
would soon recover from adversely.
At Cedar Falls 5000 people greeted
him. at Independence there was a
crowd and the president spoke for a
moment. At Manchester there was an
other by crowd and here the president
said: Don't fight unless you have
to. but If you have TO, let the other
man know that there has been fight.
This is my whole doctrine in our for
eign policy"
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1903-06-03
At Des NIoines.

Des Moines, June 3.-The river con-
tinues to fall rapidly between here
and KcokuR. The work of caring for
the 5000 destitute flood sufferers is
still taxing the local committee to the
utmost but the committee reatfirms
that there is no need of outside as
sistance. At Atlantic two marooned
families were discovered last night
who had been imprisoned in their
homes for five days without drinking
water and practically nothing to eat.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1903-06-03
REPORTED WRECK OF
RAILROAD EXCURSION

Augusta, Ga, June Sit is report
ed an excursion train on the Atlantic
Coast line has been wrecked near
Sumter, S. c., and several passengers
killed.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1903-06-03
ranr Rnnd. Have Mahe Pence.

Chicago, June 3.--Four roads have
now made their peace with the Freight
Handlers union, three more following
the action OF the Lake Shore road in
granting an increase Of 4 per cent.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1903-06-03
FLEET REACHES
THE AZORE ISLANDS

Fayal, Azore Islands, June 3.-Lip-
tons steam yacht Erin and the chal-
lenger Shamrock III. arrived here to-
day.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1903-06-03
DAMAGE OF $4,000,
IN BURNING PAWNsHoP

Naples. June 3.-Monte Di Pieta,
pawn broking establishment, burned
last night. The estimated damage is
100000.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1903-06-03
BIG WHEELS END
Creation of Engineer Ferris Sells
for $1,000 and Goes 20 the
Scrap Heap.
STAR" WORLDS FAIR FEATURE
So Far as Making Money Goes. 1t Has
Never Made Anything Since
Except Debts.

Chicago, June 3.-The Ferris wheel,
once the delight of the Worlds fair,
was sold at auction in Judge Chytraus'
court for $1.S00. This was the highest
bid received, and was made by Attor-
ney Henry NJ. Seligman, who refused
tS say whom he represented. Judge
Chytraus. while knocking down" the
wheel and all its attachments to Selig-
man, reserved the right to receive fur
ther bids should any be made before
Saturday. y bond of $4,000 will be
required to assure the removal of the
wheel.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1903-06-03
Mrs. Roosevelt at washington.

Washington. June 3. Mrs. Roose-
welt has returned from Groton, where
she went to visit her sons, who are at
school there.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1903-06-03
ST. LOUIS NOW BECOMES
The SUBJECT. OF DANGER
From the Flood That is Moving Down the Mis-
sssippi and Missouri Rivers.
WATER is HIGH ENOUGH TO ALARM
Situation a Little More improved at Kansas
City--TotaI Casualties at Gainesville.

| age for bodies. That is the argument
used by conservative citizens in talk
ing to people excited by wild re-
| ports.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1903-06-03
Known Dead Are sixty-EIght.
CouId Not stand His Desertion.

Princeton, Ind, June 3.-Mrs. EN-
ma Gambrll, aged 81. wife of Juel
Gambril, OF this city died from TAX
ing poison. Her husband recently left
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1903-06-03
Bidding Was Not Lively.

Bidding Was Not Lively.
The auction sale began at 10 a. m,
when the first bid was received on the
contrivance that cost originally $780,
000 How much am l offered said
the court, surveying a crowd of law
yers, each of whom has as clients
long list of creditors of the wheel.
There was a moments silence. and
then a representative of Chicago
house wrecking company spoke up and
said: ''T bid $780,
Another silence, and Attorney Henry
NJ. Seligman remarked: Eighteen hun
dred dollars
Worth $40, 900 as Junk.
The bidding stopped there. Nobody
wanted the white elephant bad enough
to pay more than $1S00 for it, and as
this figure was too ridiculously small
to be considered, the auction sale went
over to afternoon for further offers
For iron and steel junk alone the ma
terial in the wheel would be worth
$4,000, but the cost of taking it down
would be nearly as great as the value
of the junk. The engine, however, is
worth $4,000, and the boilers $4,000,
while the other property conn" tied
with the thing amounts to consider
able. For all this 81 800 was the high
est bid received at the morning ses-
sion
Played Only One Star Engagement.
The Ferris wheel has led a precar-
ious life since the close of the Worlds
fair. After playing the star engage
ment on the Midway, it rested for a
long time, and was finally removed to
the north side, opposite the limits car
barns on North Clark street. The cost
of taking the wheel down was $4J, 900,
and to erect it again cost $4,000 For
several years it was run as an attrac-
ton with a vaudeville summer theater
and beer garden. But it failed to pay
expenses. Today there is outstanding
Indebtedness of about 100000, includ-
ing 100000 in bonds.
Knocked Down to Seligman.
In the afternoon there was no fur
ther bidding Nobody wanted the
wheel, and when Seligman stated his
willingness 10 give S1.SOO for it the
judge said: Put your bid in writing,
inclose with it a check for one-tenth of
the amount, give it to my clerk this
afternoon and l guess you may have
the wheel"
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1903-06-03

All the news all the time = T1O
Argus.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1903-03-12

A GREAT many remedies to temper
~ arilyrelieve catarrh have been devised
4 n from time TO time, such as sprays,
snuffs, creams and other local applications,
but as rule, the medical profession has
little or no enthusiasm in the treatment
of catarrh.
It is generally pronounced by them to be
incarable.
It therefore created a great sensation in
medical circles when Dr. Hartman an
nounced that he had devised compound
which would cure catarrh permanently.
The remedy was named Peruna and in a
short time became known to thousands of
catarrh sufferers north. south. east and west
Letters testifying to the fact that Peruna
Is a radical cure for catarrh began TO pour
In from all directions.
Thousands of such letters are on file in
the office of The Peruna Medicine Co.
Rev. z. Stubenvoll. Pella, Wis. writes
81 feel obliged to extend you my personal
thanks for my complete restoration. All
through the winter suffered from throat
and lusgtr9uble. but recovered my entire
ssSaeaith by the use Of your excellent remedy,
Peruna."
The following letter from a prominent
gentleman of Los Angeles. is a case in point
Mr.. ]. w. Fuller. President of the
Jewellers Association of Los Angeles. Cal.
has been in business in that city for seven
teen years out of the forty-fve that he has
been engaged in business. Concerning his
experience with peruua he saws:
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1903-03-12

81 was troubled with cafarrif of fse
head for many years. 1t affected my
sense of smell, hearing and sight I
spent lots of money with doctors and
the use ofIocai applications to relieve
me but 10 no purpose, until my affen-
ton was called to the wonderful effects
of Peruna.
al must ssy that ! met with mos,
surprising and satisfactory results.
Peruna took hold of the complaint and
drove IL entirely out of my system.
"Aifhoggh well along toward the
allotted SPAN of man. life am pleased
as q child over the results, and feel
Ike young man sgain."-L w.
Fuller.
Such letters as the above are not used for
publication except by the written per-
mission of the writer.
A pamphlet filed with such letters will
be sent to any address free. This book
should be read by all who doubt the
durability of catarrh.
If you do not receive prompt and salts
factory results from the use of Peruna write
at once to DR.. Hartman giving full state
ment of your case. and he will be pleased
to give you his valuable advice gratis.
Address DR.. Hartman, President of Tho
Hartman Sani,arium. Columbus Ohio.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1903-03-12
LOCAL OPERATORS
| ARE ObDURATE
Refuse to Make Concessions
In Thin-Vein Field of
Northern Illinois,
SITUATION FAy0RS A STRIKE
Conditions Are Admitted to Ee Threat
ening, But Employers Believe the
Men Cannot Afford to Leave Their
Work at the Present Time.

Springfield, H.. March 9.-Oflcial
announcement comes from the Illinois
Coal Operators Association that the
operators will not concede the de
mands made by the miners relative tc
the scale price in Williamson county
and In the thin.vein field in northern
Illinois, and the serious conditions
that threatened big coal strike are
by no means relieved. II anything
the breach is more aggravated, and
with both miners and operators in
sisting that they will not recede from
their positions conditions are excep
tionally favorable for a bituminous
coal strike throughout Illinois.
The miners and operators have
agreed upon the scale for Illinois with
the two exceptions mentioned, but II
is necessary for the joint conference
to ratify the whole state scale to make
1t binding. With these two matters
undecided the scale for the state can.
not be ratified, and this is what makes
the situation so serious.
Refuse Concessions.
The operators officially announced
that they will not concede a higher
scale at any place In the state than
the cents increase contained In the
Indianapolis agreement. This they
stated Is their final decision.
In return the miners made the dec.
laration that they will not accept the
scale offered by the operators. The
operators take the position that dur
ing the joint meeting, which has lasted
two weeks, the points In controversy
have been argued sufficiently and
nothing can be gained by continuous
discussion. Taking this view of the
matter, both sides agree that the joint
conference shall adjourn sine die.
Situation Is Grave.
The various operators In attendance
at the conference admit that the situa.
ton is extremely grave and one not
to be considered lightly. The opera
tors are of the opinion that the miners
cannot afford to enter upon a strike at
this time, urging that public opinion
will be against their cause too strong
ly. The operators take the position
that they are granting enough when
they concede an increase over the en-
tire state Of cents ton in accor.
dance with the Indianapolis scale.
Ryan Holds His Counsel.
w. ID. Ryan. state secretary-treasur.
er Of the United Mine Workers of Iii.
nois, refused to reply to the question:
DO you think strike will result in
nlinois?"
Both sides are firm in their de.
cision," said Mr.. Ryan, "and there is
no telling what the result may be-"
Diversity Of opinion exists as to
whether the miners will decide to
strike because Of the unsettled scale
conditions in Williamson county and
the thin vein field.
Only one other state in the Union,
Pennsylvania. can compete with I'LL
uois as coal producer. Illinois has
9l5 coal mines, of which 1872 are ship
ping mines, where coal is produced for
commercial purposes. The last report
Of the Illinois bureau of labor shows
the total coal output to have been 3d.
OIL 800 tons. The wages paid to the
workers amounted to over $1,000, 900.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1903-03-12
EARTHQUAKES CAUSE A PANIC
Many Towns In saxony Shaken and
People Sleep In Streets

Berlin, March Earthquake
shocks have been felt for two days in
the district Of Voigtland. Saxony. and
In the Erzgebiere (ore) mountains.
Thursdays shocks were slight. but
those of Friday were violent. The In
habitants Of Graslitz left their houses
and passed the night In the streets.
Tremors were felt as far as Plauen,
Reichtnbach and Zwickau. Houses at
Unter Sachensburg and at Asch shook
for several seconds. There was great
excitement through the affected dis
trict.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1903-03-12

GRAND RAPDs, MICH, Feb. II, 1909
| received the trial package of Doan's Kid
ney Pills promptly and can truly say they
are all and even more than recommended.
I suffered continually with severe pain
in the back, which the pills entirely over
came, and l am able to work, which would
not have been possible but for Doan's
Kidney Pills. Mrs J. A. ScHLAMD, 955
Buchanan ST., Grand Rapids, Mich.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1903-03-12
IRON MAKERS TO FIGHT UNION
Manufacturers Combine to Resist Dc
mands of Worklnamen.

New York. March 9.-The National
Structural Iron Manufacturers Asso
citation, composed of forty leaders O,
the trade throughout the country
with combined capital of more thar
100000, has been organized to re
sist the demands for an increase In
wages which win be made by the ma
tionsl organization Of the Structural
Ironworkers' Union on May /.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1903-03-12

Aching backs are eased Hip, back, and
loin pains overcome. Swelling Of the
limbs and dropsy signs vanish.
They correct urine with brick dust sedi.
ment. high colorcd, pain in passing, drib,
bling, frequency, bed wctting. Doan':
Kidney Pills remove calculi and gravel.
Relieve heart palpitation, slceplessness,
headache, nervousness, dizziness.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1903-03-12

COLUMBUS CRY, Ia. Feb. 10, 1908. j
Received the sample package of Doan's
Kidney Pills and took them according to
directions. They did me so much good,
/ procured a 6o-cent box at the drug store
and have been greatly benefited. / had
the backaohe SO bad could hardly walk !;
also had urinary troubles, that caused me
to get up two and three times of night.
I am all right now. Long may Doan's
Pills prosper. Yours truly, A. G. srPE.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1903-03-12
Arrests Matrimonial Agent.

81. Louis, Mo-. March 81. A.
Taylor. alias L. E. Dewet, alleged OPP
orator Of fraudulent matrimonial
agency, was arrested by Chief Post
office Inspector Dice and his assistants.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1903-03-12
New Monitor In Service.

Portsmouth, N. H.. March 9.-The
new United States monitor Nevada
has been placed in commission at the
navy yard here. Commander T. B.
Howard took charge of the new ship.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1903-03-12

McCarthy's "EZ Foot Comfort" is
guaranteed to cure your Chilblalns.
Ask your druggist. Price 25c.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1903-03-12
New York's Population.

New York, March 9.-According to
the report Of President Lederle of the
health board. based on figures com
piled by his inspectors, the population
OF New York is 3,732, 903.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1903-03-12

am sure Piso's Cure Tor Consumption
saved my life three years ago. Mrs. Thos.
kobblns. Maple Street. Norwi h, N. T., Feb.
II, 1900
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1903-03-12
Steamers for Japanese Line.

San Francisco, March 9.-The Jap
anese Steamship company. Togo Kali
sin Kaisha, viii order the immediate
construction of three vessels with a
tonnage of $4,000 each.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1903-03-12
Kalser's Venezuelan Envoy

New York, March emperor Will.
iam's new minister to Venezuela, Al
fred Pelldram, was an incoming pas
senger ON the Kaiser Wilhelm der
Crosse.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1903-03-12
THE TEST OF GOLD.

Number Kidney People Pills.
Golden Merit Command
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1903-03-12

Mother Gray's Sweet Powders for Children.
Successfully used by Mother Gray, nurse
in the Children's Home in New York, cure
Constipation, Feverishness, Bad Stomach,
Teething Disorders, move and regulate the
Bowels and Destroy Worms. Over 90, 900 tes-
timonials. At oil druggists, 25c. Sample
FREE. Address A. 8. Oimsted, Leroy, N. Y.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1903-03-12

Wet boots and expected pleasures
are hard to pull OF.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1903-03-12

Purest and surest, self-rising and Away,
alike, Aunt Jemima's Pancake Flour Fol
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1903-03-12

A woman is never too old to flirt and
O man Is never too old to learn.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1903-03-12

Harding's Headache aad Neuralgia Powders
Guaranteed Cure. Sent by mail for 25c box.
John Harding & Co., Davenport Iowa
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1903-03-12

One trouble with some men who pay
as they go is that they are slow
gOers
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1903-03-12

Send SOC for package OF Snel's-Thy-On n q
does not cure your EGZEM n will refnnC
yau the money. sUEL MEDICINE co. Des
Moines. Iowa.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1903-03-12

You can tip waiter enough t
make him lose his balance.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1903-03-12

Truth Is sometimes naked but
more often 1t is merely in decollette
attire.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1903-03-12

When q man runs short in his ac-
counts he is apt to run long in his
travels.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1903-03-12

Having good lime is the most
strenuous undertaking q man can at
tempt.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1903-03-12

Lucky is the consumer who gets
milk of the first water.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1903-03-12

Severe and long standing cases should
AXE advantage of free Medical Advice.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1903-03-12

Remarks may be blunt and still be
pointed.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1903-03-12
.E-sEALEo WITH PUBLIC ARRRoual

Medical Advice Free Strictly cOufidertia
The Newark journal., 1903-12-11
Oil Trough Items.

The |. O. O. f. lodge has moved
into its new hall.
Cornell Yancey is doing a big
business on the lake now.
Floyd Barnes has been quite
sick but is now recovering.
Mrs. S. X. Laster made Miss
Della Miller present of a nice
water set.
Robert Fisher is becoming quite
popular with the girls in Oil
Trough now.
Miss Bessie Brooks of Newark
spent Thursday in Oil Trough, the
guest of Miss Ida Laster.
Miss Annie French began her
school at the Hulsey school house
the first Monday in December.
John Taylor says he is elected
now; he has a horse to ride and
can go to see his girl when he gets
ready.
Organ agents are as numerous
in Oil Trough now as candidates
in spring time, especially when
they are hungry.
Uncle Warren Hulsey and wife
of Newark spent Tuesday here
very pleasantly with their daugh-
ter, Mrs. Kate Laster, and family.
Miss Della Miller has returned
home from a five weeks music
school in Oil Trough and we hope
The Newark journal., 1903-12-11

t. A. Meacham of Cave City is
in the city visiting his daughter,
Mrs. Z. j. Magness.
Craig & Henderson have some
bargains in real estate. See them
if you want anything in this line.
G., w. Mcdonnell a good citizen
of Magness was in town yesterday,
advanced his subscription a year
and took q guess at the jar of corn.
The price of cotton advanced
several points just after the result
of the government report became
known, but was down few points
on the local market yesterday and
Wednesday. However, we feel
safe in saying that the farmer who
hold his cotton for rise has lost
nothing, as the price will very lik-
The Newark journal., 1903-12-11

ely advance considerably after the
holidays, if not before.
DIR. j. B. Cunningham the old
eliable optician who is we'll known
in every county in this state for
skill in testing eyes and rectifying
defects of vision is in our city
DR.. Cunningham, unlike other OPP
ticians, has no exhorbitant prices
for his goods, which are first class
in every respect. He can be found
at the Hotel Winnie until Dec.
18th.
The Newark journal., 1903-12-11
Resolutions of Respect.

To the Consul Commander and
Soverigns of Newark Camp No.
2SS w. O. w.
We, your committee appointed
to draft resolutions on the death of
Sow. j. A. Williamson, beg to
submit the fullowing:
Whereas, The Sovereign Com
mander of the Universe has seen
fit to dispatch the Death Angel in
to our Forest and remove there
from Sow. j. A. Williamson whose
death occurred December /, 1903;
and,
Whereas, Sovereign William
son was true Woodman and a
man whose life was a beautiful
exemplifcation of the teachings
of Woodcraft: whose life was one
of usefulness, both to himself and
the community at large; man of
whom it can be truthfully said that,
like Joseph of old, he never for
sock brother in need; whose life
was worthy of emulation and a
man than whom no one was held
in higher esteem by the world or
by the members of this fraternity.
Therefore, be it
Resolved, That, while we bow
in humble submission to the rul-
ings of an all-wise Providence, we
desire to express our deep sense
of the irreparable loss sustained in
the death of Sow. Williamson. Be
it further
Resolved, That in his death the
Order has lost valuable member
and true disciple Of Woodcraft,
the community good and loyal
The Newark journal., 1903-12-11

citizen and his family a kind hus-
band and indulgent. father. Be it
further
Resolved, That as a token OF
our remembrance the members
wear badge of mourning for a
period of 30 days, and that a page
of our record be appropriately in
scribed to his memory, also that a
copy of these resolutions be furn-
ished the family and a copy furn-
ished The Newark Journal for
publication.
Fraternally submitted in L. H.
& r.
O. F. CRAIG,
L. 5. ARNOLD, Committee.
j. A. ANCHULTz,
The Newark journal., 1903-12-11
Save Your Ewes.

Eyesight is precious. Do not
ruin your eyes with cheap, uncen-
tered glasses. Have your eyes
properly tested and tense correctly
fitted by DR.. Cunningham, Hotel
Winnie.
The Newark journal., 1903-12-11
Don't Want Any More.

The funny editor of an exchange
springs this question; Who is
the happier-the possessor of $780,
900, or the father of seven daught-
ers at home2" Any fool knows
that man never gets so much
The Newark journal., 1903-12-11

money but what he wants more,
while ninety nine chances to one
the father of seven girls is abund-
antly satisfied.