davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1903-08-16

pies under the lash of the dragoman lest
you miss or retain the boat. After the
first night passed with all the equanimity
you can muster in a cupboard, without
even a shelf to lay a book upon, comes
the awful scramble for l4ree baths by
thirty or forty male passengers, some of
whom consider themselves entitled. after
such a struggle, TO retain possession for
half an hour. And so the journey pro-
ceeds, with irritation increasing with the
distance travelled and reaching its cul-
mination at the First Cataract, where
some of the passengers would be glad TO
escape by rail or by balloon, but find. if
they have taken tickets for Wady Halfa,
they must repeat the process or forfeit
their money. Cook very wisely, and with
perfect proviso that there shall be no
refund: wisely, because some passengers,
after the ordeal they have gone through,
would go no further; justly, because the
capital invested in the feet of boats.
which are in commission from Deem
Der to March only, is large, and the serv-
ice is literally and admirably conducted.
considering the difficulties of providing
supplies, with no good local markets to
draw from, and the high cost of fuel.
The better plan is not to book in ad-
vance for a round trip TO Wady Haifa by
any tourist steamer. but to take the jour
ney by installments, and run the slight
risk (Which certainly does exist of not
being able to get d passage by one of the
three boats between the First and Sec
ond Cataracts. if you are going as far
Tad Ha1f f11rf har fO
tum There are now excellent hotels at
Luxor and Assuan, which only in the
very busy season are overtaxed. A rail-
road with trains de luxe between Cairo
and Luxo skirts the Nile bank, and gives
access to most points of interest. Cook
runs three classes of boats, and two op
position lines compete with him for the
passenger traffic TO Assuan, and there
fore it is unwise to commit yourself be-
yond hope of repentance by deciding on
any plan of travel when Cair is reach
ed. and still more so to pay in advance for
your ticket. OF course, if time and money
are of no consequence, the dahabieh,
without the horrid appendage of a steam
launch. is still and ever will be, the
ideal mode of Nile travel; though, now
that the ASSuan Dam mas converted the
Nile for nearly the whole distance be-
twee nthe First and Second Cataracts
into a lake during the touring season,
dahabieh navigation over this stretch of
the river without a steam launch is very
slow and precarious, because dependent
on the winds. The tow-paths on the
banks are submerged and the current has
been arrested. Nevertheless, it is only
on the dahabieh that, with your native
dragoman, cook, and crew. you can keep
aIoof from the big hotels with all their
reminders of the busy electrically-light-
ed artificial world which you have left
come in touch with modern Egypt, and
get some faint conception of that very
old Egyptian civilization and its people.
Fifty years ago, Cairo was a beautiful
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1903-08-16

budget. Taxation is stiH Unfortunately
heavy. because Egypt's debt is large out
OF all proportion 70 the resources OF the
country or the number OF the population.
An annual tribute 10 the sultan vas
promised. which has imposed on the rev
+ enue OF Egypt during the last twenty
years q payment of over sIS.eo oeo, or
ssS5. go q year. In spite therefore. OF
reduction in the rate Of interest. through
conversion OF certain securities since Egg
ypts credit has revived. IS per cent OF
Egypt's revenue is ABSORBED BY interest
on debs an dtribute 10 the Porte. and
only - per cent Is available for admin
istration for public works
Foreigners now no longer enjoy the
unfair exemption from taxation which
they once possessed and the policy has
been TO relieve the feliah or farmer. as
much as possible without injustice TO 9th
er interests. As a result Of these auae-
liorations in the lot OF the fellaAsn. there
has been marked Improvement IN the
general air of prosperity along the banks
Of the river as wei as In the fcllahs
personal appearance His mud hat is the
same as OF yore. and he is clad with the
same scanty garments; but both are suit
ed TO the climate. and he will be slow
in disregarding either. on the other hand.
relieved from the fear OF unjust reauisi-
tons he has planted date trees IN such
number that. instead OF an occasional
grove, the river is now almost fringed
with them and the number Of young
plantations expresses hrs sense OF Sc
curity from the tree. but he knows that
his will not be counted twice and his
neighbours overlooked. Like all peasantry.
he is an inveteTate borrower. and there
are usurers willing 10 Iend. even on the
security OF next years crops, az 2i2 per
cent per month. But the Agricultural
Bank Is starting agencies in all the little
hamlets. and lending money 10 ali worthy
creditors at an equitable rate The gov
eminent has guaranteed 5 per cent on
the capital OF the Agricultural bank. an
offshoot OF the National Bank OF Egypt,
on the condition that it start such branch
es in the small agricultural towns and
lend money in petty sums 10 the fellahin
at per cent. The results fthe opera
ton of the bank in 1899 are curious. as
showing the small scale on which the
small farmer works. Savings banks have
also been opened and are well patronized.
but not by the fellahin.
Compulsory enlistment is still necessary
to recruit the army OF 1900 men which
Egypt seems 10 need. but the same dras-
tic measures. involving vicarious punish
ment in case Of failure 20 supply the quo
tum or of deSertion. are no longer re-
sorted to- In the old days the sheikh
OF the village was responsible fer the
appearance of the recruit. II he failed
TO report, one month was allowed the
sheikh 10 find him. Failing 10 produce
him. he had TO find three substitutes and.
failing that. he had 70 undergo personal
punishment. II a man desterted. his
family was held responsible for his re-
turn and a relative had TO take his place
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1903-08-16

Eastern city, third in rank after Damas-
Gus and Constantinople. Around the old
! cemetery of the Ezbekiyeh, which Napo-
| leon during his expedition of 1T9s offended
Arab susceptibility by turning from a
graveyard into garden, had gathered a
European quarter. But there was only
one street opening from the Ezbekiyeh
t. the citadel of Mohammed Ali through
which a wheeled vehicle coIld traTel Now
in cutting streets for carriages and tram
ways. some of the finest architecture Of
the old town has been demolished and
gaping interiors and tottering minarets
of mosques implore the lover of the pic
turesque to select the site for new streets
at least with some regard to the claims
of antiquity. One of the charms Of the
narrow streets of Cairo still resides in
the exquisite wooden balconies protruding
from the second stories and almost meet
ing midway. They shielded the passer-
by from the fury of the sun while de-
lighting him with the beauty of their
design and they enabled the ladies of the
harem to see without being seen, and to
gossip with their captive friends in their
pretty cages opposite. Perhaps not with
out reason, the authorities, recognizing
the danger to which these beautiful bal
comics expose the city from fire, have
forbidden that any new houses be pro-
vided with them. while permitting existing
balconies to remain. Thus one after an
other of the architectural features which
made Cairo so attractive is vanishing at
the behest of money-making corporations
or the exigencies of public safety
Alexandria is of course more modern
than ever. 1t never was purely Oriental
city. Founded by Alexander the Great,
it was more Grecian than Egyptian. In
the middle ages it was a Levantine de-
pot. After the Portuguese opened up
the route TO India by the Cape OF Good
Hope it dwindled into an insignificant
local port, and so remained until Ii came
in the fourth decade of the last century
to be the transfer station of the P. and
O. steamers of the malls and passen-
gers to and from India When that as
tute founder of the present Khedival
dynasty Mahammed Ali Pasha, linked it
to the Nile by the Mahmudiyeh Canal,
it was the only seaport of Egypt capable
of accommoda ting a large ship until. on
the opening Of the Suez Canal, Port Said,
its Mediterranean terminus threatened
to become a dangerous rival. But the
trade of Egypt has grown with such ra-
pidity that, despite the traffic detected
TO her competitor, Alexandra has increas-
ed in prosperity and in outward appear
ance beyond all anticipation. The bonn
bardment of 1882 and the destruction of
;ol,
followed, swept away the original Frank
portion around and including the huge
open space known as the Grand Square
of Nohammed Ali, which fifty years ago
was a lake during heavy rains and a
dusty plain in dry weather, surrounded
by ugly barracks that accommodated the
principal business firms, and approached
by narrow streets bereft of ali Oriental
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1903-08-16

Cairo, Aug. 15.-It is more than fifty
years since Said Pasha. his family, and
his friends, when endeavoring to absorb
as their personal possession the land of
Egypt, introduced large steam engines
TO irrigate their large estates. and sugar
factories to work up the product of their
nl-gotten possessions; yet the small pro-
prietors have till recently persistently ad-
hered 10 all their ancient ways But
now. side by side with the sakieh or
old-fashioned waterwheel, raising its
string Of earthenware jars with a dreamy
snoring groan as the drowsy cow or buff
falo revolves it, or beside the still more
archaic suspended pole or shadoof, BAL
anced with a counterpoise of mud to as
sist the fellah in raising his leather buck
ct full of water one sees occasionally
a small portable boiler and steam pump
Still, steam is at a discount. for in 1897
there were in Egypt, raising water for
irrigation, 622 stationary steam engines,
1882 portable engines, 104,S55 waterwheels
moved by animal power. and innumerable
shadoofs. Though the portable boiler and
steam pump do more work than village
full of toiling peasants, yet as each pro-
prietor of a little plot can raise what
water he actually needs for his own
crops. it could me only through coopera-
ton that a steam pump would pay. Such
an advanced stage of industrial life is
still long way off Thus the picturesque
will continue to resist for many a day
the assaults of ilitarianism, and the
common avocations of their anccsr ITS for
ages past, as depicted on the tombs will
continue to be repeated for generations to
come in actual life
The narrow strip of land on the banks
of the Nile which constitutes Egypt has
probably always been owned ami worked
under some tenure in small holdings. To-
day, of the 5.O97, 431 acres of arabic land
inscribed on the government register, 43. AZ
per cent are held by L, 1852 so-calIed large
proprietors. controlling over fifty acres,
and 56.0e per cent are held in lots of under
fifty acres. OF the small proprietors,
more than 10000 own less than five acres
Among the large proprietors are several
public companies which have acquired the
Deira and other public lands only as bro
kers, and on conditions that require dis
posing of them in small lots within a
given period to actual farmers; the object
of the government being by this as by
other measures TO encourage and assist
the presant proprietorship. A farmer with
from one to ten acres-and ten acres is
a large farm-win continue to raise water
for irrigation by hand or OK power, as
his forefathers have always done. Thus
the past will be ever present.
If one wishes TO breathe the atmosphere
of ancient and of native modern Egypt,
shun the tourist steamboat and take one
of Cooks express boats. The first shock
you receive is the blast or the whistle as
you throw off from the first landing
place; the next is the babble OF voices in
the hot, close dining-room; the third is |
when you are herded like a flock of cat |
tie and driven through tombs and tenn J
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1903-08-16
ODD MIRROR

A glass which apparently can be used
either as a mirror or window is the latest
in house additions. II resembles mir
ror because il has the ordinary siiversa
surface. yet ~ il unlike mirror because
# is transparent. Cu the back Of The
transparent or translucent plate Is "A coat
ing. which consists OF a silvering mater
lal. amyl acetate. suncotton and fussi OIL
The coating Is also tranluceat and ~
means CT Il the plate is made reaectiSe.
Thus the glass. while retaining its trans
parency. possesses all the reflective prop
critics OF a mirror
No notable Improvement has been made
IN mirrors for a long time. and fer this
reason the news that new method q
coating them has been discovered Il OF
more than passing interest
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1903-08-16
WICHITA. KANSAS: AUGUST 16. 1903.
Q a View of the Egypt Of Yesterday ar2d Today 2

beauty and offering none of the conven-
fences and sanitary advantages of the
west. But there stands oebited to the
Special and General Reserve Fund as an
extraordinary expenditure an item OF
Alexandria Indemnities,'' amounting to
e4143 $50. AS the Alexandria of today
shows, there was thus returned to the
sufferers from the bombardment and the
Indignation an ample sum with which
TO build the European quarter, and it was
evidently used on brick an mortar. and
must have been supplement by few
millions more, for the European quarter.
with its present wide streets and hand
some shops. and the European suburbs in
the direction of RamIeh have SO over
Swallowed the native town that Alexan-
dria is more than formerly a western city.
The native quarter possesses no inter-
esting features and never did. Even the
native ladies prefer the European shops
and European dress, including high-heel-
ed shoes, to their own bazaars and grace
full native costume.
The harbor facilities and the safety OF
the port have been increased. sea wall
of the recent Improvements. But these
have not been in excess of the require
INIT sof the increasing traffic, for of a
total of e14.S14.6SS of Egypts imports in
1902 Ella, OH came in through Alex
andria, and of the s17,617,o0S which Egg
ypt sent into the markets of the world
s17,1S6,324 was shipped through Alexan-
dria- Though the business OF Egypt is
transacted in throug Alexandria. Port
conptra.1veDy few travellers Cow see
Alexandria, but are obliged to receive
their first impressions of the land OF the
Pharaoh and the Khedive from the moral
and physical filth of the mushroom, paste
board town of Port Said. None of the
boats with through passengers to the
east now touch at either Malta or Alexan-
dria, as they did of yore. and only tour
lists and Mediterranean coasting steam
ers discharge or receive passengers at
what is the most interesting survival of
the old worlds great mercantile marts.
Den of my earliest experiences of the
land of the kourbash was on the Mahmu-
diyeh Canal Just after leaving Alexan-
uI1a a freight boat interrupted the speed
of the government steamer conveying the
Indian mails and passengers. 1t did not
accelerate our journey, but 1t exhibited
to his passengers the power and author
ity of the captain, when he had the unfor-
nate reis of the freight boat brought on
board, neld down and bastinadoed, to
our hopeless Indignation. Such an ex-
hibition of reckless cruelty could not be
given today; STILL the site. and the rhi-
nocerous whip are in everybodys hand.
and each class seems to think it incon-
sistent with its dignity not to whack
away at the class below il. Summary
punishment is perhaps preferable. even
to the criminal, to punishment after the
ordeal of 81 trial; and therefore ii was
probably on that principle that for
slight offense we saw one of the excel
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1903-08-16

lent force OF mounted guardsmen seize a
lad and hold him while the dragoman
with his cane imposed light eondign pun
lshment- There was at any rate a recog-
milton Of the sanctity OF law in the person
OF one OF its officials. But in the old
days, until the English occupation. the
lndiscrlminate use OF the kourbash was
lesser evil than the inhuman use of the
curVee, or forced labor on public or priyi-
legged official works. and the wholesale
compulsory enlistment OF the villagers in
to the army. The Mahmudiyeh Canal-a
work OF the greatest public benefit. which
Egypt owes TO Mohammed Ali, and which
until the introduction of the railroad,
and later until the Suez canal was dug.
enabled Egypt to be used as the high
way 10 India-was constructed by forced
labor at the cost of $1,000 lives. Even
the Suez canal was for a time dug on
the same oppressive system. Said Pasha
undertook TO provide the Suez Canal Com
pany with 3, 600 laborers, to be replaced
every three months by a fresh relay.
They were 10 be paid and fed by the COM
pany. but the wages were a pittance and
the food not overabundant. and the seni-
tary arrangements worse than defective.
The results were so appalling that Ismafl
Pasha was moved 10 cancel that clause
of the contract, but on conditions so
onerous TO his poor people that his mer-
ciful Intervention simply shifted the bur
den from one shoulder to the other. EN-
peror Louis Napoleon, TO whom was left
the assessment of the damages. decided
that e3. $50. 900 be paid TO the Canal Com
pany as compensation
One of the first ameliorations in the
condition of the peasantry after the occu-
patton was the partial abolition Of the
corvee. From time immemorial every
body had been forced 10 do his share in
cutting irrigation canals. cleaning them
annually from the accumulation OF mud
deposited during the high Nile. and pro-
tecting the banks of the river. Certain
privileged classes had obtained exemp-
ton. and through similar influences even
public labor was expended on private
property. Every male from eighteen TO
fifty years of age was liable to serve,
and one-fourth of the total male popula-
ton were expected TO give their labor
gratuitiously for forty days each sum-
mer. But so many exemptions We're Sc
cured through corrupt influences. the
burden fell with crushing weight on the
helpless peasantry Today the only en-
forced labor is that required to protect
the banks of the river itself during the
flood, and this is more equitably imposed
than formerly, and If Sir. W. WiIlcocks'
suggestions are carried out. 1t will be call
and apprenticeship danger mark In 1902.
1870 men, were obliged to give this gra-
tuitous service for 100 days; but il was
a low Nile year. OF course the suppress
sion of the covee and the payment of la
Dor for cleaning and maintaining the irri-
eating bitches and reservoirs and for
other public work has added about e4o0.-
600 to the expenditure side of the annual
The Lewiston teller. (Lewiston, Idaho) 1900-1905, 1903-09-01
CONTEST NOTICE

Department of the interior, United
States land Office, Lewiston, Idaho, August
7, 1903.
sufficient contest affidavit having
been filed in this Office by Lewis Hacker
contestant, against homestead entry No.
GAIA. made October 7, 1902, for lots IS, ID
IS, 10, 10, 20, 80, 80, section S, township
81, II. range W. B. m, by Fred Clark
contestee, in which it is alleged that said
Fred Clark has wholly abandoned said
tract and changed his residence therefrom
for more than six months next prior to
the date hereof that said Fred Clark has
never established residence thereon,
and that said tract is not settled upon OF
guilty ated by said party as by law re-
CURED or at all. Said parties are hereby
notified to appear, respond and offer ev-
idence touching laid allegation at 10
O'Clock a. IN. on September 10, 1903, be-
fore the register and receiver at the
United States Land Office in Lewiston
Idaho.
Said contestant having, in proper af-
fidavit, filed August 2, 1903, set forth
facts which show that after due diligence
personal service of this notice can not be
made, it is hereby ordered and directed
that such notice be given by due and
proper publication.
CHARLES Fl. CARRY, Receiver.
The Lewiston teller. (Lewiston, Idaho) 1900-1905, 1903-09-01
NOTICE FOR PUBLICATION.

Timber Land, Act June 3, 1878.
United States Land Office, Lewiston
Idaho,
Notice is hereby given that in COM
pliance with the provisions Of the act oil
Congress of June 3, 1873. entitled IAN
act for the sale of timber lands in the
states of California, Oregon, Nevada and
Washington Territory" as extended to
all the Public Land States by act oi
August a 1892.
CLISTIA FARLEY,
of Palouse, county of Whitman, state OF
Washington. has this day fled in this
Office her sworn statement No. --i for
the purchase of the NV Y of section No.
2o in township No. 81 n range No. q W B
M. and will offer proof TO show that the
land sought is more valuable for its tim
Der or stone than for agricultural pur-
poses, and TO establish her claim to said
land before the Register and Receiver OF
this Office at Lewiston, Idaho on Thurs.
day, the 18th day Of November, 1903.
She names as witnesses.
Dan Il, Farley, of Palouse, Wash.
Bert Farley,
Karah Farley, !" +" Jill
Benjamin r. Aytch, of Forest, Idaho.
Any and ell persons claiming adversely
the above-described lands are requested
TO file their claims in this Office ON OF
before said I2th day of November, 1909.
]. B. WEsr. Regisrer.
The Lewiston teller. (Lewiston, Idaho) 1900-1905, 1903-09-01
CONTEST NOTICE.

Department of the Interior, United
States land Office, Lewiston, Idaho
August 7, 1903.
A sufficient contest affidavit having
been filed in this Office by William M
Blair, contestant. ageinst homestead entry
No. 65I7, made November ~, 1893, fol
u Sc 4, and ne 4 Sc u. section IL
township "a, n. range W M, by Joseph
kobloih contestee, in which it is alleged
that said entryman herein has wholly
and entirely abandoned said tract of land
for more than six months last past and
next prior to date hereof; the contestant
further alleges and charges the fact to be
that said entryman has wholly entirely
failed and neglected TO comply with the
requirements the homestead law in the
matter of residence, settlement and cult.
vdtion of the land embraced in said entry.
Said parties are hereby notified to appear,
respond and offer evidence touching said
allegation at 10 O'Clock a m on Septem-
Der ~, 1903, before the Register and
Receiver at the United States Land Office
in Lewiston Idaho.
The said contestant having, in proper
affidavit, fled August 4, 1903, set forth
facts which show that after due diligence
personal service of this notice can not be
made, it is hereby ordeced and directed
that such notice be given by due and
proper publication.
CHARLES H. CARLY, Receiver.
The Lewiston teller. (Lewiston, Idaho) 1900-1905, 1903-09-01

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