davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1903-05-31
OLD MYTH EXPLODED.
The Pelican Does Not GiUe Her
Blood to Her Young.

Most persons have seen a pelican. and many have
heard of the strange legend attaching TO H. says
1.-THE London Globe" 1t is a odd looking creature
and if figure of it were presented as presunp-
tive reconstruction Of extinct form, we might
easily class it with other curfOsities Of antediluv
life According 20 rabbnical tradition, the pelican
was the third bird to come out of Noahs Ark, anu
he still lives and thrfves perhaps as ancient type
among birds the badger is supposed TO be among
ouadrupeds But his natural history Is quite SIM
pie: while the legend is all the more interesuns'
inasmuch as it still obtained some credit In the
last century. Thus it runs The pelican LuTheui
her beak against her breast. and herewith plsrceS
1t till the blood gusheth out whereWlth she
nourisheth her young" Though its origin IS Cd
vIous the tradition is Of quite unknown age od1
Waterton the naturalist. had a travelled friend
who devoutIy believed in IT, because he had so
often seen the incident occur To whom "atertoi'
addressed the aIlocution- Enough Of infant Peh-
cans, sucking their mamma in the nursery con
sign them to the fostering care Of my great-srand-
mother"
And yet in common fairness. the matter may not
ne thus rudely dismissed OF course the ancients-
with more excuse than can be urged for their de
scendants-were deceived. but they only intended
to report fairly what they had seen and heard
The tradition IN fact. explains itself The dis
+,nct,ve features OF the pelican its enormous
bill with the commensurate Sular pouch dePendins
from the lower mandtbe- So great Is the capacity
OF this elastic receptacle and 50 coIlsloe-doo LIS
strength that the natives OF many countries TO TINS
dev convert it into g. very useful bag. The upper
nnandble terminates in hook, which curves over
the tip Of the lower. and is OF reddish color
During the breeding season the adult bird also
ACQUIRES a red horny excrescence on the upper Dill
,-btch T. sheds later IN the year The tint OF the
feathers is fairly described by the poet as PeaIy
white but ruby tinctured"
These facts being promised. we may assume tha1
the two three eggs laid by the mother nave DeeN
successfully hatched. Then the parents pegIh 10
realize that in their case, all events. the cares
Of paternity is empty phrase. The amount Oh
food consumed by the young IS sometimes prOdLs-
ious AS pelicans derive the whole OF their susie
nance from the water and feed almost exclusively
on fish the use as the need. OF their formidable
fishing implements is apparent Whether WadlnS or
swimming they dredge and scoop their prey into
the pouch. where IT passes through some amount
OF maceratiou before being given 10 the young
And now ensues that curious to which the OBJ
servers OF so many ages have given wrong IN
terpretation
In order TO eject the contents OF the pouch. the
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1903-05-31

the form Of cell in which the framework forms the
outline Of a tetrahedron. In this case the aero
planes are triangular. and the whole arrangement
is strongly suggestive of a pair of birds wings
raised at an angle and connected together tip to tip
by Crossbar.
A tetrahedron is form of solid bounded by four
triangular surfaces.
In the regular tetrahedron the boundaries consist
of four equiateral triangles and six equal edges
In the skeleton form the edges alone are repre-
sented, and the skeleton of a regular tetrahedron
is produced by joining together six equal rods end
TO end so as to form four equilateral triangles.
Most Of us no doubt familiar with the COM
mon puzzle-how make four triangles with
six matches. Give six matches to a friend
and, ask him to arrange them so as TO form four
complete eguilateral trianges. The difficulty lies
in the unconscious assumption of the experimenter
that the four triangles should all be in the same
plane The moment he realizes that they need not
be in the plane the solution of the problem
becomes easy. Place three matches on the table so
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1903-05-31
COUNTRY COURT DELAYS.

room in one the county seats in this State not
hundred miles from this city few days ago. II
was in the taking Of testimony in a will contest
The Surrogate taken his seat in the courtroom
and as he had clerk, II necessary that ne
should attend to all of the business of the office
4 few moments after the opening OF the court pro-
ceedngs an attendant stepped up to the Surrogate
10 say 10 him that Il woman wished to file paper.
The Surrogate Immediately adjourned the proceed
ings for a few moments. and little later resumed
his seat A witness was being examined by the
prosecuting attorney, who had Just propounded an
important question when the court attendant whis
pered in his ear. and a second later he addressed
the Surrogate thus: Il called To the telephone
VIII YOU stop the proceedings for a moment? The
Surrogate readily assented, and the telephone cal
was answered. The attorney returned ana resumed
his questioning. but later again called, ana tne
hearing was suspended. And SO II through
out the day. when the opposing attorney was
cross-uuestioning the witnesses. In the mean tune
the expenses of court, jury and counsel were not
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1903-05-31

In order remedy this weakness. internal hracing
is advisable This internal bracing even if made of
the finest wire so to be Insignificant in weight,
all in the of the wind. increasing the
head resistance without counterbalancing advan-
taEes.
In looking back the line of experiments in
my own laboratory. recognize that the adoption
OF triangular cell q step in advance, con-
shutting indeed one of the milestOnes of progress
one Of points that stand out clearly against the
hazv background OF nultitudinous details
triangle is by its very structure perfectly braced
in its own plane and in triangularcelled kite in
ternaI bracng Of any character is unnecessary 10
prevent distortion of kind analogous to that re-
ferred to in the of the Hargrave rectangular
cell
The lifting power Of such a triangular cell is
probably less than that of rectangular cell, but
the enormous gain in structural strength together
with the reduction Of head resistance and weight
TO the omission internal bracing, counterbal
ances any possible deficiency in this respect.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1903-05-31

Triangular cells also are admirably adapted for
combination into a compound structure, in which
be aeropane surfaces do not interfere with one an
other For example, three triangular-celed kites
tied together at the corners form a compound
cellular kite which flies perfectly we'll
The weight of the compound kite is the sum Of
the weights of the three kites Of which 1t is com
posed and the total aeropane surface ls the sum Oh
the surfaces the three kites. the Tato OF weight
to surface therefore the IN the larger com
o,,nd kite as in the smaller constituent kites, con-
sidered individually
II kites could only be successfully compouhueo III
This WAY indefinitely would have the curious re-
sIlt that the ratio of weight to surface would
diminish with each increase in the size OF the
oa,,ro,nd kite Unfortunately, however, the con-
dtjons of stable flight demand considerable space
between the front and rear sets OF ceiiS' anu -
NO increase the diameter Of our compound structure
v,t,o7t increasing the length of this space we IN
inc the aving qualities OF kite. But every IN
o-a.o of This space in the fore and aft dlrecIoh
involves a corresponding increase In the leilS'I %
the empty framework required 10 span H. 1
adding dead load to the KITE ana inO4e'e
ratio of weight surface
go 80 Win triangular cells strong in a
,a,eyerse direction from side to side)' they az
structurally weak in the longitudinal GA t1l
fore and aft, for in this direction Inc hi'0
ere rectangular. ,.4r. ~ the
The necessary bracing, however not oeiiIs -
= =. .ta wind does not materially AFFECT tIie
80 resistance Of the kite and is only dlsaos'
tsgeous by adding dead load, thus incfeaSie '-'o
ratio Of weight to surface 80
r,,,, over in silence multitudinous experiments
. 80 construction carried in my Nova Scoud
10 boratory. come another conspicuous pom, %
ad,ance-another milestone of progress-'iie au l
ton of the triangular construction IN eVeiS
ion Gougttudinaly as well as laiis'' ''' -.
' -, - iiz, .ion Of the fundamental importance
t,,o skeleton of tetrahedron. especially iile
.ao,Isr tetrahedron. an element OF the sli u''1-
re tran,eyork Of a kite or fying machine
consider the case Of an ordinary ,drsr hat
- &C section is triangular lateraly' D"
a,s triangular longitudinally of 90
I@ - NE make the longitudinal as wen
Al H c-oss sections triangular. we arrive a.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1903-05-31

as TO form triangle. and stand the other three up
over this like the three legs of tripod stand The
matches then form the skeleton of a regular terra
hebron
rods fastened together at the ends constitutes a
terahedraI cell possessing the qualities of strength
and lightness in extraordinary degree
It is not simply braced in two directions in space
ike a triangle but in three directions like solid.
II may coin a word, It possesses "three-dimen-
sionaI' strength; not "two-dimensionaf strength
like triangle ''one-dimensional' strength like
rod II is the skeleton of solid, not of surface
a line.
1t is astonishing now solid such framework ap
pears even when composed of very light and fragile
material; and compound structures formed by
fastening these tetrahedral frames together at the
corners so as 10 form the skeleton Of q regular
terahedron a larger scale possess equal sodlty.
When a tetrahedral frame is provided with aero
surfaces of silk or other material suitably arranged,
it becomes a tetrahedral kite. or kite having the
form of tetrahedron.
The weight relatively to the wing surface
mains the same however large the compound kite
may be The four celIed kite. for example weighs
four times as much as one cell and has four times
as much wing surface; the 16-celled kite has
sixteen times much weight and sixteen times
as much wing surface, and the 6i-celed kite
has sixty-four times as much weight and sixty
four times as much wing surface. The ratio of
weight to surface, therefore. is the same for the
larger kites as for the smaller.
Ny experiments with compound Kites com
posed of triangular cells connected corner TO corner
have au1DIv demonstrated the fact that the dimen-
sious Of such a kite may be increased To very
considerable extent without materially increasing
the ratio of weight supporting surface and upon
the tetrahedral plan the weight relatively 10 me
wing surface remains the same however large the
compound kite may be
The indefinite expansion Of the triangular con-
struction limited by the fact that dead weight III
the form of empty framework is necessary in the
central space the sets of cells so that the
necessary increase Of this space when the dirnen-
sions of the compound kite materially increased
in order TO preserve the stability OF the Kite ~ the
atr-adds still more dead weight TO the larger struct-
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1903-05-31
THE TETR4HEDR4L.
Ne1r Principle IN Kite Structure
Explained.
By ALEXANDER GRAHAM BELL.

Caryret- 1903 by The National Geographic MaS2z-ne'
Since 1893 7 have been continuously at work upon
eyrerire-= ~.ls-ir- 10 kites ! have had the feel
iTg that 2 r,roDerIv constructed flying machine
should be capable Of being flown as a kite; and
corgerszlg that properly constructed kite Should
o capable O. use as = flying machine Wheh driven
b. its own urcpeIlers. am not so sure however,
q the truth cf the former proposition as am oi
tn latt-r
hsve NOT cared 10 ascertain how high kite
ma be flown or to make one fy al any very great
altitude The point have had specially in mind
Is this. That the equilibrium Of the structure IN
Inc air should be perfect; that the kite shoulo ~
Steadily and not move about from slde 10 slue ~
GIVE suddenly when struck BIZ squaII' anu una
When released IL should drop slowly and sen1IS ~
ne ground without material oscillation ii+-
also considered il important that the rafheNoiN
Should possess great strength with little weight
believe that in the form Of structure ho" AZ
tsined the properties Of strength. llghtness anu
fteacy fight have been united IN TeH1af haDie ue
gree
1srgrave introduced what is known as ''1
cellular construction Of kites" He coIlsu uc'eN
Kites composed Of many cells. but found 10 SUI
stsntis Improvement in many cells over two aIone
sho kite composed Of t9yo rectangular ceIls seia
fsied by a considerable space is now universally
Known the HargTave box kite" THIS repre-
Ants IN my opinion. the highwater mark OF pios :
iess IN the nineteenth century; and this form u
slle forms the starting point for my own ie
tsrches
rectangular cell. however. is structurally "e@A'
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1903-05-31

y The National Geographic Magazine" The
excerpts and the illustrations are reproduced
here by courtesy Of the publishers, all rights
being strictly reserved.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1903-05-12
COUNTY OFFICIALS DENOUNCED.
Yonkers Minister Says Those of Westehester
Profit by Law Breaking.

The poolroom situation and the apparent in
difference Of the Nestchester County officials in
prosecuting those responsible were denounced
b. the Rev. Dr.. Freeman in his sermon at st
Andrews Episcopal Church. Yonkers, on Sunday
evening He said that New-York had been
cleared Of protected vice. and prayed for a
Moses TO lead Westchester County out Of the
corrupt political wilderness.
4 recent Indictment Of poolroom men arrested
n Yonkers was dismissed by the county judge
on the ground that it was imperfecty drawn
This wss the cause Of Mr. Freeman's sermon
He saiG in part:
After an heroic and prajseworthy arrest of the
rrnrrieror Of Of the notorious gambling places
# this city. find cases before the county
courts either dismissed because improperly sus-
tanned and presented or else cuashed and forgot
tn. Defiance by lawbreakers, men who live by
criminal practice. who prey upon the wage Garner
and Fhe youth Of city. goes unrebuked by the
ant norties. and sit supinelv Indifferent while
politicians play their game and make travesty of
efforts after civic betterment. We are being treat
ed 10 z comedy OF errors in which the leading
roles are PLAYED by men who fstten al the public
-r5h
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1903-05-12
NORTON TRUST co. OUT.
Sirth to Withdra7c from Clearing
House Because Of Ne7C Rule.

The Morton Trust Company has given notice of
withdrawal from the New-York Clearing House
May %. Notice sent by it to its depositors
yesterday that and after the date named checks
and drafts drawn the company should be pre-
scented for payment at its office. This is of the
important of the Withdrawals which have
taken place since the exodus of trust companies
from the Clearing House began. According tC its
last statement the Morton Trust Company had de-
posits amounting to $5 900 600 and it had capital
of 100000 and q surplus of s5.s15o00.
The Morton is the sixth trust company which has
terminated its connection with the Clearing House
because of the latter institutions requirement
that trust companies clearing through the Clearing
House shall maintain certain percentage of cash
reserve. Il is understood that three four more
trust companies Will within the next few days
withdraw from the Clearing House.
Asked what likelihood there Of the formation
Of a clearing house for trust companies. an officer
of leading trust company yesterday said:
If that the banks would recognize
such clearing house and send TO il all checks on
trust companies members of il, 1t would an easy
matter to organize it But if the banks refused
10 recognize II and sent all such checks to the
trust companies offices direct the possibility of
success would be extremely dubious. Personally. I
do not think that there Will be any such clearing
house organized.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1903-05-12
GUARDS HEALTH
Croker's Old and Unsdmtary Back
Room to Disappear.

Expert plumbers and sanitary engineers have
renorted TO Charles F. Murphy, leader of Tam
many Hall, that the executive offices on the
first floor. on account of the toilet rooms and
lack of ventilation are in an unsanitary condl-
ton. and that it would be dangerous for any
one to transact business amid such surround
ings.
Plumbers and carpenters yesterday began re-
modelling the first floor of the old building and
under Mr. Murphy's orders the old back room.
where John Kelly and Richard Croker sat year
after year and bossed things, will disappear.
When the remodelling is done the rank and file
will hardly recognize the old quarters, so radi-
cal are the changes that are going on.
1t is the belief among the old timers in the
organization that John Kelly died prematurely
because of frequently breathing the poisonous
airs and gases of the dark back room where the
cash was handled for many years. Richard
Croker became i'll several times on account, as
he said of the bad air of the old back room
and finally spent as little time possible at
mis- desk He told his leutenants that it was
not fit place for any to stay, as the air
was so foul that it was like poison to him.
John c. Sheehan mad the same complaint when
he resigned temporarily in the Wigwam.
John F Carroll and Lewis Nixon would not
work at the old desk. Mr. Carroll. when he was
era BILE time. occupied a desk in the front room,
and Lewis Nixon did the same during his brief
leadership.
Charles F. Murphy had not been at work
MANY days consecutively before he became Ill.
His doctor told him that, inasmuch as he had
been i'll with typhoid in 1901 and was still in
debiitated condition, it would not do for MIN
to work in a room where the air was bad
Murphy thought his doctor overstating the
case but after an investigation Of the premises
had been made by sanitary engineers he Or
dered the remodellfng. Mr.. Murphy is now at
Mount Clemens Mich account Of his health.
The toilet rooms never have had any vent1la-
tion The sides of the executive offices back
I'D against Tony Pastors Theatre. The en-
gineers found things about as bad as they could
be The plumbers under instructions to
remove every vestige of the old plumbing and
replace il with the best An airshaft will con-
meet the ceiling of the toilet rooms with the
outside air. The old folding doors which used
to shut Croker and Kelly from the crowd are
TO 60 along with the partition cutting the room
in two. A new wooden and ornamental metal
partition viii run half the length of the room,
NAL king offices for Mr.. Murphy and Thomas F.
Smith, secretary Of the organization. This ar
rangement will throw half of the front room
into what used to be the rear room, and this
L shaped Enclosure will be the general lounging
room. The alterat ions will cost several thousand
dollars. and viii make the offices neat and
conf BILE
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1903-05-12

Steamer Minnehaha OBJ, Robinson London May TO
Atlantic Transport Line with ~ cabin and
mdse. Arrived at the Bar at 40 -.
and Neville May l. to Henderson Bros. with 173 cabin
500 steerase and mdse Arrived at the
Steamer Potsdam Dutch, Potter. Rotterdam and
Boulosne Mer May p TO the Holland America Line.
with passengers. mails and mdse. Southeast Of Fire
steamer Cerea Gtan Revello Genoa March 25 Messina
April 2 Crgenti and Palermo % to Hirzen Feltmann
Steamer Calabria (Brl. Bridges Marsees April H.
Genoa H. Leghorn %. Naples Is and Algers IS Hen
sengers and mdse Arrived az the Bar at $40 a m
Steamer Beatrice tNor). Christopherscn Port Antonio
sengers and fruit. Arrived at the Bar at m
Steamer Philadelphia, Crockett. La Ciuayra May I.
Puerto Cabelo curacao and San Juan g. to Boulton
Bliss & Dalett. with a passengers mails and mdse.
Arrived the Bar 2:10
Steamer Proteus. eager. NewOrleans May g. TO the
Southern Pacific Company with passengers and mdse.
Steamer City OF Memphis. Savage May Q. 20
the Ocean steamship Company. with passengers and
Steamer Mamma Hata. Charles Baltimore. to H Fos-
steamer Grenada (Br) Murchison Philadelphia May 10
to the Trinidad Shipping and Trading Company, in
ballast
Steamer Cerea OtaD. from Genoa Palermo. etc OF
steamer Rosneath. from Port Spain. South of the
Highlands 3:45 D m.
Steamer FL siglo. from Galveston. South of High
steamer iceland. Antwerp. Southeast of Fire
steamer iceland tBr) Roberts Antwerp Nav . 10
International Mercantile Marine Company with I20
cabin and 1884 steerage passengers. malls
Esperanto. Rogers Vera Cruz May 2 Progreso
Havana sth. TO James Ward Co with ninety
nine mails and dse. Arrived at the Bar az
Sandy Hook, J. May II. $50 m-wind east: light
breeze clear
CGer) Flushing (for o-d.r.,. prin
cess Anne. Norfolk and Newport News-
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1903-05-12
sCHoLER CALLS VERDICT A DISGRACE.
He Sets Aside One on Death of Girl Thrown
from Car

Coroner Scholer yesterday set aside the YER
dict Of a Jury at the inquest into the death of
Esther Weiner. nineteen years old, of No. 403
Grand-st. who was killed on March % at Grand
st and the Bowery by being thrown from a
Madison-ave. car. The motornan of the car
is under arrest. charged with homicide His
name is Michael Herman and he has been pa
rolled in custody of the company's counsel since
the accident.
When the jury returned il rendered the fol-
lowing verdict: That the death OF Esther
Weiner was due 10 the fact that the car started
before the deceased had properly boarded it,
Coroner Scholer as soon the verdict was
announced said:
will set aside this verdict on the ground that
IL is not IN accordance with the evidence adduced
here l viii put the ca over until next Monday.
II is q disgrace bring in such a verdict on the
evidence given ] never had such verdict before.
The jury has gone far over the evidence. You
made a mistake by going much into details.
You had no right bring in such a verdict I
viii make you down here every Monday
IL you learn jury duty.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1903-05-12
SOLD DIAMONDS AT SACRIFICE.
Petition Against Jeweller Charges That He
Transferred Assets to Brotherin-Law.

A petition in involuntary bankruptcy was filed
in the United States District Court yesterday
against David Marx, dealer in diamonds and
tewelry Nos. 50 and 81 Maiden Lane. The
petitioning creditors are J. II. Fink & Co., who
have claim amounting TO S2on6: Bruhl Bros,
whose claim amounts 10 1861: Albert Lorsh &
Co. whose claim is s2.75 and II. z. & H. Open
helm. with fourth claim of 1896 The petition
asking for the appointment of a temporary
ceiver states that the alleged bankrupt has within
the last three months transferred TO Carl Open
helm. his brother-in-law. assets to the amount of
$4,000. II is further charged that he 'frauduentIy
concealed disposed of property valued s5ooco,
and that within three months Marx has paid out
$4,000 or $4,000 10 alleged creditors for alleged
antecedent Indebtedness with the intent TO prefer
such creditors over his other creditors.
The petition states that committee ap-
pointed a meeting of Marx creditors, composed
of Alfred Kown. Charles Blatz, Lee Reichman and
A. Goldsmith, examine into the affairs of the
alleged bankrupt. The committee found, accord
tns TO the petition. that Marx bad 90 hand loose