davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1903-09-05

It is reported that Captain E. W. Book CT will enter the race for associate rail- road commissioner. Captain Booker is a prominent democrat of the state. and has already held several responsible political offices.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1903-09-05

The legislature will no doubt receive many suggestions from people in all parts of the state for some needed laws, pro- viding for a better system of county roads. State papers have already taken the matter up oditorially.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1903-09-05

The Gadsden Times-News suggests that 1t is now time for Birmingham to quit poking fun at Atlanta for her poor pas senger station, and turn her attention to her own limited facilities for accomodat- ing the heavy volume of traffic which an- nually flows through the Pittsburg of the south.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1903-09-05

A. D, Glass and R. L. O'Neal are the only authorized travelling representatives of The Age-Herald in its circulation de- pertinent.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1903-09-05

w. L. Henderson, chairman of the com mittee on immigration of the Mobile Commercial club. stated at the annual meeting that the population of Alabama has been increased fl per cent between 1890 and 1900 by immigration
The Birmingham age-herald., 1903-09-05
ALABAMA

new brass band has been organized at Gadsden. It starts off with bright pros
Rosebud County news. [volume] (Forsyth, Mont.) 1901-1906, 1903-12-17
Fight Will be Bitter

Those who will insist in closing
their ears against the continual rec
concentration of DR.. Kings New Dis
covery for Consumption, will have a
long and bitter fight with their trou-
bles, if not ended earlier by fatal ter
mination. Read what T., A. Beall of
Beall, Miss. has to say: Last fall
my wife had every symptom Of con-
sumption. She took DR.. Kings New
Discovery after everything else had
failed. Improvement came at once and
four bottles entirely cured her. -
Guaranteed by Forsyth Drug Co.
Price Soc, and 81 90. Trial bottles free.
Rosebud County news. [volume] (Forsyth, Mont.) 1901-1906, 1903-12-17
Send Me the Names

OF any persons whom you know M
have the western fever W it'll any llnowl-
edge you have regarding them, and !
will gladly see that they receive infor-
nation about the northwest and it's
future possibilities, and the low rates
now prevailing to all points in the
northwest.
For further information address any
agent of the Norther Pacific railway. or
CHARLES S. FEE,
G.. p. & T. a., N. p. r.,
St. Paul, Mimi.
Rosebud County news. [volume] (Forsyth, Mont.) 1901-1906, 1903-12-17
HOW to Prevent Croup

It will be good news to the mothers
of small children to learn that Group
can be prevented. The first sign of
Group is hoarseness. A day or two be-
fore the attack the child becomes
hoarse. This is soon followed by a
peculiar rough cough. Give Chamber
lain's Cough Remedy freely as soon as
the child becomes hoarse, or even after
the rough cough appears, and 1t will
dispel all symptoms of Group. In this
way all danger and anxiety may be
avoided. This remedy is used by
many thousands of mothers and has
never been known to fell. 1t is, in
fact, the only remedy that can be de-
pended upon and that is pleasant and
safe to take. For sale by Forsyth
Drug Co.
Rosebud County news. [volume] (Forsyth, Mont.) 1901-1906, 1903-12-17

Fred L. Gibson came down from
Livingston today to look after bust
ness he has here.
l.. w. Katzenstein who has been
laid up with the govt for the past week
is again able to be around.
Fare and o,e-third for round trim
account Montana Teachers associa
ton at Anaconda, Dec. 1881.
T. ]. Thompson now has the agency
for the Billings steam laundry. He
also receives fresh bread daily.
Rosebud County news. [volume] (Forsyth, Mont.) 1901-1906, 1903-12-17

An aggregation of young people
came up from Glendive yesterday and
last night matched game of basket
ball was played between the Glendive
and Forsyth teams. The game was a
good one, though. the Forsyth team
was beaten by a score of seven to
eleven. During the first half of the
game the Forsyth players were, for
into the game and Glendive succeed
ed in running up d score Of eight to two
in their favor. In the last half of the
game the Forsyth team played better
ball and held Glendive down to three,
making FIVE themselves. A large
crowd witnessed the game and showed
no little enthusiasm. Glendive has
challenged Forsyth to play the return
game New Years day but we have not
learned whether it has been accepted
or not. The lineup of the teams fol-
lows: Glendive-Fredda Bean, right
guard; Mary Osborn, left guard;
Mabel Bachelor, center; Arie Mack,
right forward; Miss Lzicar, left for
ward. orsyth-Alma Austin, right
guard; Mable Smith, left guard;
Pearl Kane, center; Mae Alexander,
right forward; Hattie Lane, lett for
ward. After the game a reception
was given in honor of the visiting
team Dancing was INDUCED in after
which refreshments were served. A
general good time is reported.
Rosebud County news. [volume] (Forsyth, Mont.) 1901-1906, 1903-12-17
BETTER Than q Pla ster

A piece of flannel dampened with
Chamberlain Pain Balm and bound
on the affected parts, is better than. a
plaster for lame back and for pains
in the side or chest. Pain Balm has
no superior as liniment for the re-
lief OF deep seated, muscular and rheu-
matte pains, For sale by Forsyth
Drug Co.
Rosebud County news. [volume] (Forsyth, Mont.) 1901-1906, 1903-12-17

Running like mad down the street
dumping the occupants, or a hundred
other accidents are every day occur
rences. 1t behooves everybody to have
reliable salye handy and there
none as good as Bucklen's Arnica
Salve. Burns, Cuts, Sores, Eczema
and Piles, disappear quickly under
its soothing effect. 25c, at Forsyth
Drug Co.'s.
Rosebud County news. [volume] (Forsyth, Mont.) 1901-1906, 1903-12-17

The Forsyth Hardware and Saddle
ry Company is showing a nice line OF
leather goods suitable for Christmas
pres ents. y
Rosebud County news. [volume] (Forsyth, Mont.) 1901-1906, 1903-12-17
IGEGE<eeGEEGEG
= Local News y
23ss3sssass333ssssss3se

H. G. Wright visited Helena Mon
day.
r. McRae was visitor from Rose
bud Friday.
F. Ramsey was a visitor from Kirby
last Thursday.
c. Lindsey of Billings had business
in town Saturday.
Rev. John Evans of Miles City was
in town Tuesday.
Attorney Collins was a visitor from
Rosebud Tuesday.
G. F. Ingersol1 of Miles City was on
our streets Saturday.
Fred Hunter was down from Billings
Friday and Saturday.
w. H. Woods of Rosebud is visiting
friends here this week.
d. E. Gallings was business Wis
itor from Rosebud Friday.
Stock Detective w. d. Smith was up
from Miles City Saturday.
Ed c. Mix of Butte was transacting
business in town Saturday,.
Mrs. John Wettreau is suffering
from a severe attack Of tonsilitis.
H. W. Wilcutt was Forsyth visitor
from Joppa Friday and Saturday.
Ladies' shirt waists and skirts go
ing at nearly cost at Hopes & Potters.
Harry Butterfield of Rosebud was a
business visitor in the city Wednes-
day.
Nobby leather Christmas gifts at
tn Forsyth Hardware and Saddlery
Co.'S. y
VIM. Schwartz of Rosebud had i'm
portant business at the county hub
Friday.
Ben Johnson, travelling engineer for
this division of the N. p, was up from
IlenQlVe sunday.
The Forsyth Drug Co. has just re-
ceived complete line of fancy station
cry, suitable for all occasions.
Newt Gilliland was up from Hath
away several days this week visiting
his sister Mrs. ]. f. Chosser.
Miss Bell, teacher of the Rosebud
schools, spent Saturday and Sunday
with her sister Mrs. Gay Huff.
Purchase piece or set of the cut
glass of the Forsyth Drug Co. It will
make an elegant Christmas gift.
DR.. d. N. Reber, moved his family
into the Longley residence formerly
occupied by ]. c. Auld yesterday.
The Forsyth Drug Co. handle paints,
oils, toilet articles, and everything per-
tanning to a first-class drug store Pre-
scriptions a speciality.
Senator James S. Hopkins returned
from Helena Wednesday morning after
the adjournment of the extraordinary
session of the 1egisl ature.
If you anticipate pleasing your
friends Christmas purchase some OF
those leather novelties of the Forsyth
Hardware and Saddlery Co. =
w. w Mcdonald was in town few
days this week, having just returned
from Moorcroft, Wyoming, where he is
wintering 4 number of cattle.
Episcopal services will be conduct
ed by Rev. John Evans at the M. E.
church Tueseay night, January 18th.
You are cordially invited to attend.
Charlie Perryman, while OH the
street Monday morning, was attacked
by a severe stroke of appoplexy. He
is improving under the care of DR..
Reber.
John Rae, a prominent ranchman on
the north side, had an appoletic stroke
Friday evening, parlyzing the entire
right side of his person. He is i'm
proving slowly.
Mrs. J. A. DeBerge is quite i'll from
an attack of appendicitis. She does
not wish to be operated upon and the
physicians will attempt her cure with
out. and they believe with success.
Sistersville daily oil review. [volume] (Sistersville, W. Va.) 1902-1905, 1903-12-30
women and Jewels.

Jewels, candy, flowers, man
that is the order of woman's pref
erences. Jewels form magnetic
mighty power to the average wo.
man. Even that greatest OF all
Jewels, health, Is often ruined N
the strenuous effort to save the
money to purchase them. If q
woman will risk her health to get
a coveted gem, then let her fortify
herself against the insiduous conse
ouences of coughs, colds and bron'
chial affections by regular use cf
Dr.. Boschee's German Syrup. 1t
will promptly arrest consumption
In It's early stages and heatl the al
fected lungs and bronchial tubes
and drive the dread disease from
the system. 1t Is not a cure all
but 1t Is a certain cure for coughs
colds and all bronchial troubles,
You can get DR.. Green's reliable
remedies at D. A. Memberships
Get Green's Special Almanac.
Sistersville daily oil review. [volume] (Sistersville, W. Va.) 1902-1905, 1903-12-30
West.Prettyman

A quiet but pretty wedding took
place last evening at the home of
Mr.. Thos. Prettyman. The con-
tracing parties were Miss Anna
Prettyman, daughter of Mr.. Thos.
Prettyman, and Mr.. Lester West.
The ceremony was performed by
Rev. D. A. Denton, pastor of the
M. E church. Miss Prettyman Is
one of New Martlnsville's charming
young ladies, having removed to
this city from St. Mary's. She
has been employed In the Office of
the Democrat for some time and
has large circle of acquaintance
among the yogng folk. The groom,
Mr.. Leslie West. Is a native OF
Weston, but was employed In this
city for some time In the store of
Mr.. Fay NJ. Watkins. The young
couple left on this mornings train
for Weston, where they will make
their future home. The best wish
es of their many friends 60 with
them.-New Martinsville Dispatch
The bride Is a sister of Mr.. Joe
Prettyman and Mrs. Fred Petty, of
this city.
Sistersville daily oil review. [volume] (Sistersville, W. Va.) 1902-1905, 1903-12-30
Oklahoma Lands.

The Frisco System by establish
Ing the Frisco Colonization Bureau
at Plttsburg, Pa, has taken steps
to enable eastern people to obtain
reliable information concerning the
very rich lands In Oklahoma and
Indian Territory, and to also OBJ
tain the lowest railrord fares to that
locality. Along the Frisco System
are the finest agricultural lands In
the southwest, at prices within the
reach of everybody. If you are
interested In that section and want
the finest farms and the lowest
railroad fares, write your wants to
Sydney Van Dusen, Travelling
Agent, 31s Lewis Block, Pittsburg,
Pa. I7u
Sistersville daily oil review. [volume] (Sistersville, W. Va.) 1902-1905, 1903-12-30
Revolution Imminent

A sure sign ofapproaching revolt
and serious trouble In your system
Is nervousness, sleeplessness, or
stomach upsets. Electric Bttters
will quickly, dismember the trouble
some causes. 1t never falls to tone
the stomach, regulate the Kidneys
and Bowels, stimulate the Liver,
and clarity the blood. Run down
systems benefit particularly and all
the usual attending aches vanish
under It's searching and through eff
fectiveness. Electric Bitters Is only
soc and that Is returned If 1t don't
give perfect satisfaction. Guaran-
teed by D. A. Hendershott druggist.
Sistersville daily oil review. [volume] (Sistersville, W. Va.) 1902-1905, 1903-12-30
Pacific Coast Without Change

In new Pullman Ordinary
sleepers, wide vestibuled and with
every modern convenience, In
charge of competent agent, from
Cincinnati to Chicago via Louis
Vile, New Orleans, Houston, San
Antonio, 81 Paso and Los Angeles
to San Francisco. Rates for berths
less than half OF cost In regular
sleepers. For free descriptive mat
ter and full particulars, address E.
A. Richter, Trav. Pass. Agent,
Illinois Central Railroad, Park
Building, Pittsburg, Ps. 11a II
Sistersville daily oil review. [volume] (Sistersville, W. Va.) 1902-1905, 1903-12-30

Is the value II. A. Tisdale, Sum
merton, S. c. places on DeWitt's
Witch Hazel Salve. He says: Il
had the piles for 20 years. l tried
many doctora and medicines, bat all
failed except DeWitt's Witch Hazel
Salve. 1t cured me-" II IS com
binatiou of the healing properties
of Witch Hazel with antiseptics
and emolllents; relieves and per-
mauently cures blind, bleeding,
itching and protruding piles, sores,
cuts, bruises, eczema, salt rheum
and all skin diseases. Sold by
Opera House Drug Store.
Stotler & Corbett, Props.
Sistersville daily oil review. [volume] (Sistersville, W. Va.) 1902-1905, 1903-12-30

Found-Ladie's kid glove for
right hand. Can have same by call
ing at Review Office and paying for
this notice. 8t
Sistersville daily oil review. [volume] (Sistersville, W. Va.) 1902-1905, 1903-12-30

Wine of Life makes weak people
strong. Price ST.. For sale by D
A. Henderson,.
Sistersville daily oil review. [volume] (Sistersville, W. Va.) 1902-1905, 1903-12-30

January magazines at Mccoy:
Book Store. 28 1t
The daily morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven, Conn.) 1894-1907, 1903-12-02
] WALLINGFORD.

The new board of burgesses has start
ed out on the principle of short sessions
and no time will be wasted in useless
talk, but business will be the principal
feature and that will be done as quickly
as is practicable AS the ball is all re-
publican, there will be no political con-
troversy over matters that need action
and not wind. -.,.r
The alphabet sale of fancy articles at
the Congregational church will be this
afternoon at 4:30. Refreshments, includ-
ing hot oysters. will be served at $50.
and continue all the evening.
Yesterdays recorded real estate trans
fer was: Alice M. Hull to Georgiana De
Rosseau, lot No. AS on Fairview tract.
The skating continues fine. If the
weather and ice continue as favorable
as for the past week skating will soon
be as popular as it was several years
ago, when everybody had the craze
Business in the various factories is
still rushing, and bids fair to continue
about three weeks more, and then there
will be a let up, and it is predicted
that there will be a decided change af-
ter January |, and not for the better
Attorney and Mrs. S. L. Woodhouse
returned to Brooklyn yesterday.
Miss Clara Hall will leave tomorrow
for Brooklyn. ....
Mr. and Mrs Eugene Post are now In
Redlands, Cal.
Mrs. II F. Berry and child are stop
ping In Montclair, N. j.
Mrs. H. Z. Morris is in Cambridge,
Mass, for a weeks visit.
Robert J. Lane is now located in St.
Louis and prospecting finely. He is
working at his trade of boat building.
There was quite a decided change in
the temperature yesterday and the
mercury was several degrees higher, but
+ the weather was still fine and fair.
The daily morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven, Conn.) 1894-1907, 1903-12-02
MILFORD.

Mr.. and Mrs. Chatfield, of Meriden,
Mr.. and Mrs. Leroy Sperry and little
daughter, Miss Elsie Sperry, of New
Haven, have returned to their homes
after a pleasant visit at the home of
Captain and Mrs. e. L. Ford.
Clifford Bristol, who has been work
ing in the Milford Straw Hat works,
has given up his position, as he has
obtained one as fireman on the New
York, New Haven and Hartford rail-
road. Mr.. Bristol entered upon his new
duties on Monday morning in New Ha-
ven.
One of the pleasant family gather
ings held last week was at the home of
Rev. and Mrs. Calvin B. Ford, Reade
street and Lafayette avenue. There
were present Mrs. Hattie Ford, Miss
Mary Z. C. Ford, Mrs. Elliot Plumb, of
Milford, and Mr.. and Mrs. Brewster and
son, of WATERFOWL. The guests had a
delightful time.
The Ladies' Aid society of Mary
Taylor Memorial M. E. church will hold
it's regular monthly meeting in the
chapel on Thursday afternoon at 2:SD.
Tea will be served from o'clock. At
o'clock aunt Jerusha's Quilting Par
ty," a little drama, will be given by
home talent.
The daily morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven, Conn.) 1894-1907, 1903-12-02
GREAT WRESTLING.

, &
National Stars Under Clark Balls and
Eagles Management.
Clark Ball arrived In New Haven last
night and has arranged a great wres-
ting tournament which will be held
under the auspices Of the Eagle Ath-
letic club at Eagle hall Thursday night,
December 10. Mr.. Ball has arranged
the following bouts: Jack Munroe VS..
H. Jalmas Lundin; O. Connell VS.. Yorke,
ana Duane OF New York vs.. Poe Bern
stein handicap affairs will be eliminate
ed at this show, as the agreements
signed for best two out of three falls,
with a time limit of one hour for each
match. Monroe is now in active train
ing for his fight with AL Limerick of
Buffalo and Lundin is working daily
in Hartford for his match take. place
with Mangan in New Britain next Tues
day and both men will be in excellent
condition when they appear here.
O'Connell and Yokel of this city ought
to furnish very exciting contest as a
bitter feeling exists between these
boys MIR. Ball has decided that the
prices will be less than the last show,
which was given at Eagles hall.
The daily morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven, Conn.) 1894-1907, 1903-12-02
FRENCH PLAY TONIGHT.
Yale Men Held Final Dress Rehearsal
Last Evening -a-.

Yale Men Held Final Dress Rehearsal
Last Evening. -. Il.
The last dress rehearsal of lie Mede-
Gin Malgre Lui," which is to be pre-
scented by the Yale French club this
eeening in College street hall was held
last night. 1t was a success in every
particular lie Medecin Malgre LUZ is
a most delightful comedy and the men
have gotten right into the spirit of the
play. The. costumes and scenery are
the most elaborate yet attempted and
the whole effect is charming. -
Act I, is laid in a wood near the
house of M. Robert. Acts II. and III.
are laid in the drawing room of Geron-
te, burgoise of seventeenth century.
Both of the scenes are very striking.
The play committee is composed of d.
F. Fox '04, president LIE Cercle Fran
Gals; C. S. Mccain '04, business man
ager; Buell. HOLSTER 'V05, stage man
ager; G. H. Young 'O5, assistant bust
ness manager. a. B. Gregory '05 has
charge of the properties and K. M.
Bissell '07 is prompter for the performs
ance. The music will be furnished by
the University orchestra, under leader
ship of r. H. Mead '04.
Great interest is taken in the play
and the sale Of seats has been very
large. The doors will be open at 1880
and the performance will begin at s:15.
Tickets may be obtained at q. P. Judd's,
Yale Coop. and will also be on sale at
the door. Price of tickets 81.
The daily morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven, Conn.) 1894-1907, 1903-12-02
Looa, weather Report.
NeM Haven. Dec. .
Brie Mention.
High water to-day, Sal a. m.
CHIEF coMMENDs CONAN.

Also Driver Grady and Policeman John
B. Roach.
There was little done at the police
commissioners meeting last evening,
and none of the rnuch-talked-o trans
fers or retirements occurred. e.+.aa.
The chiefs report was read. It rec
commended honorable mention for Po-
liceman Coonan, who disarmed and ar
rested John Tracy after he had shot his
wife; also Patrol Driver Grady and Po-
Eceman John B. Roach for the rescue
of Mr.. johnson on East Rock. The re-
report also commended Detectives Den
nehy, Daley and Ward for arrests made
during the month. ss
Policeman Patrick Roach asked for
four and one-half days pay which he
had lost on account of injuries received
to his right leg while making an arrest.
This matter was referred to the finance
committee.
1t was stated that the department
was running short of funds, and some
minor transfers were made to meet
present demands. r.. ~.
The daily morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven, Conn.) 1894-1907, 1903-12-02
ALL-AMERICAN TEAM.
New York Tribune Gives Yale Five
Men on First Team.

Nauv yorlr rr;b,na cs;vas vale Five
-,
ts Men on FIRST , Ie cam 5.e.s.....l
The New York Tribune has published
the first of the usual '.All-Amerfcan
football teams IN annaar tbis fol, The
fo11oyyinor ara tba tearos saIacted.
pirs+ teon,-I1nds IIayr,, of p.;rce.-
+o, ana Raffartv 'lof yala. taclsIas no
r,an ~ yaIa ana Enowiton ~ rIar-
1,ora. sr,,oriJs 'I5ayuitt A. Tri,nato,, ana
I,Ioo,,,or ~ y.1a. on,tar c.ta,,.t u
I,,;yoato,,. ,,,,a,ta..,se,, ~, yvitr., :, sf
The daily morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven, Conn.) 1894-1907, 1903-12-02
NEW HAVEN MOTHERS CLUB.
Fourth Anniversary VIII be Observes
On Friday.

Fourth Anniversary VIII be Observed
On Friday.
On Friday afternoon at o'clock the
New Haven Mothers club will eele-
brate its fourth anniversary at the New
Haven house parlors. The guest Of
honor will be Mrs. o. Vincent Coffin,
wife Of former Governor Coffin, OF Mid
dletown.
Receiving with Mrs. Frances Sheldon
Bolton. the president of the club. at the
reception following will be the officers
of the State Congress of Mothers. They
are:
Mrs. Harry Peabody, of Hartford,
first vice-president.
Mrs. William Ferguson, second vice
president.
Mrs. w. NJ. Austin, of Plymouth, third
vice-p president.
Mrs. F. B. Street, of East Haven,
fourth vice-president.
Mrs. George L. Clark, of Wethersf1eld,
recording secretary.
Miss Caroline Taylor, Of Bridgeport,
corresponding secretary. 44
Mrs. Homer S. Cummings, of SIAM
ford, treasurer.
Mrs. C. K. Bush, of West Haven, au-
ditor. .>ss .-.~
The programme will consist of the
regular transaction of business, re-
marks by the president, informal talk
by Mrs. Coffin and music provided by
the chairman Of the music committee,
Mrs. Samuel Avis.
The club was organized four years
ago by Mrs. Bolton and has increased
in number and interest steadily during
that time.
The daily morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven, Conn.) 1894-1907, 1903-12-02
MISS RosALYN GEsNER.

The death of Miss Rosalyn Gesner
which took place Monday morning, was
a severe blow to her many friends.
Although Miss Gesner had lived in
Stratford only a few years, having
moved there from West Haven, she had
made many friends. She was cashier
for the Patterson company of Bridge
port. Her bright, pleasant ways made
her popular among the young people.
She was a member of the NJ. e. church
choir and on the staff of Our Work, as
well as an interested worker in the
church. She was taken i'll in the choir
one Sunday evening recently and that
week was operated on for appendicitis.
The operation bid fair to be success
full, and it was thought she would re-
cover, but at the last assesses proved
fatal. The funeral was held Monday
evening at 1880 and the remains will
be taken to West Haven this afternoon
at 2:13, for interment.
The daily morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven, Conn.) 1894-1907, 1903-12-02
MUST COME DOWN.
The Bell Tower at No. SIS Engine House
Condemned

The Bell Tower at No. SIS Engine House
Condemned.
The fire commissioners at their meet
ing last night received an official notice
from the chief and fire marshal that the
bell tower at No. SIS engine house was
unsafe and must be taken down. The
work Of removing it will be commenced
Immediately. 49,.
A petition was received from the
Graduates club, n Elm street, to have
a private fire box put in the building.
"A petition was also received for a fire
box at the corner of Oak and Tyler
streets. Both petitions were referred
to the committee on fire alarm boxes.
AZ Two applications were received for
permission to erect rear tenements and
they were referred to a special commit
tee. The petitioners were Antonio
Ulziiio, of 206 Hamilton street, and A.
Acunto, Of 26S1a Wooster street.
Lewis S. Hagerty, a fireman at No.
SIS engine house, applied for fifteen
days leave of absence. 1t will be con-
sidered by the chief.