davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1903-07-16
THE SIZE OF ORCHARDS.
Many Beginners Make Mistake by
Cultivating Too Small IA Tract
at First.

1t is almost as difficult and eXpen-
sive to care for five acres of orchard
trees as it is for ten, and it is misplaced
energy to attempt TO plant orchards
too small to occupy ones full time,
says NJ. T. Warning in American Guilt
vatOr. As a good deal of modern or
charding expense consists in the labor
of spraying and fighting insects, it
will pay better to have an orchard
large enough to warrant one in pur-
chasing the necessary apparatus to
spray properly. A large orchard also
tends to protect itself from the winds,
and in winter and summer there may
be considerable saving from this.
The trees on the outside nearly always
produce less than those inside.
If one is going to have an apple or
other fruit orchard, it is just as well
to have fine one as an ordinary kind.
The latter will not cost much more in
the end, and it will prove profitable,
while The former will not. Plant trees
of well known marketable varieties
and get good specimens from reliable
NcdlCIS' spray tHCHH every SEASON
and protect them from pests of all
kinds. Do not let them injure them
selves by bearing heavily the first few
years. Pluck off the blossoms or fruit,
so that no limb or branch will be
strained. Over-production at an early
age is deadly to good tree. Each year
set out new trees in the place of any
that may be injured or killed. Do not
have a ragged orchard, but try to make
every tree come up to the standard.
This can be easily done if one has ordi-
nary intelligence, and will give the
time to the work. Use only cultivated
crops in the apple orchard. Wheat,
oats and timothy are bad for the
trees. They take too much from the
soil, but cultivated crops, seeding the
land to clover or cow peas every few
years, will produce excellent results.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1903-07-16

noticeably excited the fish. They
seemed electric with it. Perhaps this
school had been delayed by the cold
April weather, and now must reach
the pond to lay their eggs and were
in a hurry. Whatever the cause they
certainly seemed to be in a hurry, for
l had never seen them scramble over
the shoals and over one another in
quite this rush before.
The unusual excitement was less
manifest in their mad rush upstream
than in their still madden rush at the
falls. On any running day a few of
the stronger, holder fish, finding their
way barred by four-foot dam, try
to climb over through the down-pour-
ing sheet of water. The vast majority,
however-not unlike, l suppose, the
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1903-07-16
GRAVITATION VERIFIED.
NewtOn's LAW, Says nm American In
vestigatOr, Is Accurate to One
MiIIiOnth Per Cent.

AT recent meeting of the Ameri-
can Philosophical society in Philadel-
phia Prof. Ernest w. Brown, of Haver-
ford Pa. said:
Two bodies attract one another in
versely as the square of the distance;
that is, if the distance be halved the
force is increased four times; if the
distance is divided by ten the force is
increased 100 times. This is the New
tonian law of gravitation. The moon,
earth, sun and planets all should obey
this law, which was discovered by
Isaac Newton in the seventeenth CEN
fury. How far do the bodies obey it ?
The most sensitive is the moon. We
are able to observe its motions so ac-
curatey and predict it's phases with
such unfailing certainty by means of
this law that we can scarcely have.
much doubt that it is correct. But,
nevertheless, there are some small
deviations, and the question is wheth-
er these deviatioBs are due to errors
in the calculations of astronomers or
to something wrong in the law itself.
Hansen's theory of the moons mo-
ton has been accepted up to the pres
ent, but there are still some small DIFF
ferences between his theory and OBJ
servation. Two, at least, of these have
been unexplained in the periods of
revolution of the perigee and node.
My calculations have shown that the
differences are due to errors In Han
sens theory and that on a correct
theory they do not exist. Thus, it ap-
pears that Newton's law is accurate
to one-millionth per cent! 1t is by
far the most accurate physical law
known, and perhaps the most striking
evidences of the fact that our exist
ence and surroundings are not the
result of chance.-Science.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1903-07-16

majority of men-coming to the i'm
possible barrier. stop in the easy pen
built for them beneath the falls, and
are content to be scooped out, for pick
ling and fishbait, most of them, though
a few are carried up in barrels to the
spawning-ponds.
But to-day it was different. Instead
of the usual few there were many
fighting to get over. l had watched
them time and time again, but had
never seen one pass the four feet of
sheer falling water. In Wild Life Near
Home, have described how they would
dart through the foam into the great
sheet of water, strike it like an arrow,
rise straight up through it, hang an
instant in midfaIl, and be hurled back
/ and killed, often, on the rocks beneath.
To-day | felt a new thrill as | watched
them. Something of the evident eX-
/ citement among the fish possesse ed me.
| | somehow knew that, as the horse
men put it: The track was faster to-
| day"-that the swimmers were on
/ their mettle, that a record would be
! broken.
The falls were all a-f1ash and a-glit
ter with the daring fishes. Not only
/ was there a great number in the CON
test; there was also a much higher
average jump than usual. Over and
over again one would get within half
a foot of the lip of the gate.
| Soon | noticed that it seemed to be
certain fish that made this highest
mark | followed her as she fell back,
and, though it was impossible through
/ the foam and thick rush of other forms
to keep her in sight, yet ! am sure
that each time she rose it was with Il
peculiar bound showing particularly
long, 1.-the body. And each time she
fell, peculiar good luck attended, or
else it was that her superior sense and
training served her, for each time she
landed just between or just beyond
the rocks.
Again she flashed through the foam
and hung, fixed like a silver arrow in
the dark water just below the edge.
Again she fell. l was excited. Flash.
flash! flash! a score of the shining
ones shot into the falls, when over
them, above them, flashed the long,
1.-the form of the winner, striking one
of the weaker rivals beneath her just
as she reached her highest mark, and
bounding sidewise from her, glanced
over the dam and was gone.
The record was broken, and within
five minutes, by the same curious hap,
another turned her silver side over the
great hurdle and dived into the quiet
pool beyond.
1t is a rather paradoXical state of
things that creatures like these fish
hate cloudy, cold weather and rain
and will not leave the ocean willingly
for the shallow fresh waters unless
the sun shines and the wind suits and
the temperature is to their liking,
There is some reason for the chickens
staying in when it rains; but what
need have behring's of umbrellas
Dallas Love Sharp, in St. Nicholas.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1903-07-16

~ VERY simple but beautiful bright
EAv with
eAg the Wesbach gaslght First of tnl
middle
from end of the chimney within about half inch of the band
middle.
with,
and bres silk handkerchief Hold the
chimney left
briskly back
This of the should be made the it, while
time big electricity
other
the lamp chimney electrical machine.
Another pretty experiment Brooklyn
this little Wrap of
tno letting end
To this end attach several of cigarette bunch
the brush the chimney the opposite end
brk The electricity thus generated will
o a
well Also to both chimney and handkerchief the fire.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1903-07-16

Several years ago the writer par
ticipated in the work of laying down
peach trees in autumn and covering
them in various ways to protect them
through the winter and spring, This
plan has been tried in various ways
almost every year, and nearly always
with success. In a season like the
present one, when peaches promise to
De rarity, any scheme of carrying the
fruit buds through the freezing wealth
er is especially attractive. Prof. w.
Paddock has recently reported the sue
cess of several growers in various
parts of Colorado who have been prac-
ticing this method. They find it prof
liable as a commercial venture. 1t
looks like an impractical bility, to be
sure, to lay down and partially cover
fruiting tree every fall; but it has
been shown repeatedly that it is per-
fectly feasible. The expense is only
about ten to Is cents tree, and even
a dozen good peaches will almost cover
that cost.-Country Gentleman.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1903-07-16
lARg}3gggnE2a g..
ST1$4sS9ff TT4gsS
IS l-(H y k9.
ACTION OF THE HEART.
IL Blood Is Aerated and Kept Thin Ii
May Go On Indefinitely
After Death"

Hearts of dogs, pigs and rabbits in
glass jars all pulsating and driving
blood through glass tubes into lungs,
is part of the spectacle presented in
the laboratory of Prof. Elias p. Lyon.
of the University of Chicago. These or
gans have been removed from dead
animals. and are made to beat in a
normal manner without the use of
stimuiauts. which DR.. Loeb and others
discovered.
Why argue the research workers,
"since the heart taken from the body
of a slaughtered animal can be made
10 resume its motion, should not one
be able TO cause the heart in the body
OF an animal that has died a natura
death 10 puisate anew, and so put life
again into the body?"
DR.. Loeb and DR.. Lingle had already
proved that the heart is independent
OF the central nervous system of the
body Dr. Loeb put hearts into saline
solutions. and found that hours after
the heart was to all intents and purpose
deal it would resume its pulsations.
of the heart when put into these solu-
tons would act as the whole heart did.
Although DR.. Lyon disclaims the
honor of being the first to discover
that a heart could be made without
stlmulauts to perform its normal
functions after having been removed
from the body his experiments have
Ogen carried TO more successful con-
Clusiou than any heretofore made.
He takes the heart from the body of
dog places it in a jar, and attaches
thereto loop of glass tubing to which
the animals lungs are also attached
The chambers of the heart are then
filed with defbrinated blood. De
fihrinated blood is that from which
has been taken the fibrin-the proper
tY which causes it to coagulate. The
-fibrin can he removed without affect
ing in any way the chemical proper
ties Of the blood. 1t is removed by
simply stirring the cOoled-off blood
with glass rod The fibrin coagulates
on the rod.
When this blood is again placed in
the heart, the organ resumes its pulsa-
lions. In order to keep the heart in
motion the blood must be aerated
9his is done either by pumping all
into the lungs or by allowing air to
enter one of the chambers of the heart
through a tube.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1903-07-16
NUT TREES FOR TIMBER.
An Industry Which Promises Large
Returns in Cash Profits as Well
as in Pleasure.

Much is now being accomplished in
educating the public to the Importance
of timber preservation and the re-
facilitating of our forests, but some-
thing more seems necessary, as the
preservation of what remains of our
native forests only postpones the day
of reckoning
The especial value of hickory, chest
nut and walnut lumber is our occasion
for urging the consideration of ii
planting of nut trees for their timber
value, which will incidentally produce
a valuable by-product in the nuts
grown, thus making such plantation
valuable property years before its
maturity for lumber. This harvesting
of annual crops also obviates, to a
great extent the chief impeachment in
the way of planting for lumber only
by the long time investment By this
plan the man who plants and cares for
his nut grove is rewarded during his
own day by the annual crops and his
children have a veritable heritage in
the lumber.
The present is none too soon to be-
gin planting for such purposes. The
consumption of lumber of all kinds is
increasing much more rapidly than in
proportion to the increase of popula-
ton. In so years the United States
may have double its present popula-
ton, and who can predict what the de-
mand for black walnut, chestnut or
hickory lumber may be by that time?
One thing is certain; if consumption
continues as at present there will be no
lumber of these kinds on the market
unless the trees are planted by this
generation.
Besides this, there are great tracts
of land in many sections which are not
well adapted to ordinary agricultural
operations which are peculiarly suit
ed for growing timber. Our noun
tain ranges are the natural home of
the chestnut. Bottom lands which
overflow too frequently for farming
are often well adapted for the rapid
growth of hickory and walnut, so that
the waste places seem to be intended
for such beneficent uses as growing
timber and food. F. Wilson, in Nut
Grower.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1903-07-16
A Modern Dairy Fable,

They organized and built a cream
cry, hired an expert, made fine but
ter, sold all they could make and
were making money. The son of the
principal stakeholder got the idea
that he would like to be boss but
ter maker. He knew nothing about
making butter, and his idea was
based on his ignorance. Influence
was used, the expert was resigned"
and pas boy took his place. At once
things went. Purchasers returned
the alleged, not gilt edged" butter
and wrote, 'When we want axle
grease we will let you know" In
month pas boys butter had ruined
the reputation of the creamery. The
other stockholders then kicked pa
and his boy out, hired the expert
back, and prosperity returned with
him. Moral-The pull" may gener-
ally be depended upon to sprain the
business that is subjected to it.-N.
Y. Farmer.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1903-07-16
Cause OF Dairy Prosperity.

The remarkable increase in the
production of milk and butter in the
United States in the last decade was
due far more to increased yield per
COW than to increase in the number
of cows. There is plenty of oppor-
tunity for an equally great increase
in the production per COW during the
present decade. AS farmers become
more careful and accurate in deter
mining the relative production of
their cows, the culling of their herds
becomes more rigorous. This imme
diately raises the average standard
of production and tends, by aid of
the laws of heredity, to increase the
producing capacity of the descend
ants of cows retained for dairy pur-
poses.-Midland Farmer.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1903-07-16
HAVE TELESCOPE EYES.
Some Families of Deep-sea Fishes
Make Their own Light by Means
of PhOsphOrescence.

The deep-sea explorations of the
last few years have exploded the
notion that the depths of the sea
are in total darkness, as earlier ex-
plorations disposed of the assump-
ton that they are devoid of life.
Says Umschau, in an article on this
subject:
1T is true that not a ray of sun
light illumines the gloom that reigns
at great depths in the sea; but the
denizens of the deep, or some of
them, make their own light by phos-
phorescence. 1t is a very feeble
light, to be sure, and therefore the
deep-sea fishes are provided with
eyes of a peculiar sort. They are
called telescope eyes, not because
they are much like telescope, OPP
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1903-07-16
A DEVOTED MOTHER.

If had a little sick dolly.
l know what l should do;
! would tend it with care, and give it fresh
air,
And go to the doctors too.
And then if the doctor should hand me
Some candy pills from the shelf,
And dolly said: "Oh, l can't take them
no.
I'd swallow them all myself.
For you know, of course, l could never use
force,
So Ia swallow them all myself.
Yes, I'm a careful young mother.
When dollies are sick and weak
! forbid them to walk, l don t let them talk,
Nor even permit them to speak.
In winter l give them a straw ride,
Well wrapped up is each little elf,
And smiling TO see with what vigor and
glee
I am skipping and singing myself.
The Unselfish and good and wise mother
should
Do the skipping and singing herself.
-Ethelwyn Wetherald, in Youths Com
paniOu.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1903-07-16

A harmless matchmaking process
having been favored by the German
reichstag, the use Of phosphorus is
TO be prohibited after January /,
1904 The discussion of the present
industry brought out the statement
that the necrosis set up in the bones
of the phosphorus users may make its
appearance three or four years after
the workman has left the factory, and
so insidious is the disease that victims
have had bones fractured without
knowing anything was wrong. The eff
fects may extend to whole families
s4hroush heredity.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1903-07-16
KILLING POTATO BUGS.
An Excellent Way of Applying POYs-
OnOus Substances Thoroughly,
CheapIy and Rapidly.

Poisoning potato bugs by hand on
large plants is generally considered
hard work. For the easiest way-and
the best if one does not wish to use
Bordeaux at the same time, for blight
is this: Take an old-fashioned flour
sieve holding six or eight quarts and
attach it to a crooked stick with two
branches, as shown in cut. A short
search in almost any tree will find
one of the right shape. 1t is fastene@c
to the sieve by three small bits of wiz
through gimlet holes in sieve A stout
piece of Irvine reaches from the two
ends of the stick around the operators
neck to support the weight. Instead
of sieve light box with wirecloth bot
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1903-07-16
Don't Dicker with strangers

Sign no papers for any strangers,
or on any pretext, in any circun
stances on any promise of profit, osss
the ground that they are contracts,
OF for any other offered reason.
Signatures are binding. You cannot
expect the courts and juries to take
your word against your signature.
Simply refuse, always and absolutely,
to sign papers for travelling stran-
gers, who claim to be able and will
ing to enrich you suddenly and enor-
mously. The bigger the promises the
fakirs make, the surer your sigma
ture will be to get you into trouble.
Everything you need you can buyk
from established business concerns
No not decker with travelling strs
gers.-Midland Farmer.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1903-07-16
NEW HEALTH DEVICE.


SO much is heard of the different
treatments and cures for nearly all
the ills to which man is heir, or thinks
he is, that possibly interest will be
shown in the machine recently de-
signed by southerner, seemingly to
produce an effect exactly the reverse
from the rest cure which has been
preached in recent years. This new
apparatus will give you the movement
cure, actually pummeling the different
parts of the body until the disease is
supposed to be hammered out and the
healthy tissue renewed. The patient
to be treated reclnes on special
couch, fitted with very flexible springs.
Mounted on vertical standard beside
the couch is an electric motor, to
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1903-07-16

tom may be used. The sieve is filed
with dry mixture of paris green and
land plaster or flour, one pound to 100
thoroughly mixed. The handle is car
ried in one hand, the weight being on
the neck and not noticed, while the
other hand carries very light stick,
with which the sieve is lightly tapped
when over each potato hill. The poi
son is very thoroughly, economically
and rapidly applied, and above all the.
work is very light. The sieve is held
over a pan while filling, to avoid
waste.-E. N, Barrett, in Epitomist.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1903-07-16

ills to which human flesh is heir. The
root was photographed just as it was
dug from the ground in a ginseng gar
den near Cuba, n. Y. As will be noted,
its resemblance to the human form is
wonderful, for it has waist, head
and neck, arms and legs. 1t is one of
the most valuable products which
grows from the soil, and large guam
tity of it is used in America for me-
decimal Chicago journal.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1903-07-16
WATCHING THE HERRING.
They Certainly Are the Queerest OF
Fish in Their Dislike of Cold
and Cloudy Weather.

had been watching the herring for
an hour or more as they struggled
through the sluice to the dam The
fall of the water over the gates was
unusually heavy that day, as was also
the run of herring. For a week they
had been struggling in from the sea.
but to-day they poured in by thousands.
The stream was clogged.
Something - their increased num-
bers and greater rivalry, perhaps-had
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1903-07-16


which is attached flexible shaft,
through the medium of which move
ment is impaired to an eccentric. As
the eccentric revolves it oscillates a
vertical shaft with short, sharp
strokes, and on the lower end of this
shaft is the pummeling device, which is
preferably of pneumatic construction,
with means for varying the degree of
hardness to suit the condition of the
flesh to be treated. There is little
doubt but that the vigorous and not
necessarily harsh movement of the
flesh which this apparatus can pro-
-duce will have stimulating effect,
causing the blood to circulate more
freely and carrying off the waste it's
sues which have become lodged, and
at the same time building up new it's
sue by the eXercise.-St. Louis Globe
Democrat
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1903-07-16
FISH WITH TELESCOPE EYES.

tically, but because they are so ar
ranged in many cases that they
closely resemble an operaglass.
They are more or less projecting
tubes, cylindrical or conical, and have
very large pupils or lenses. They are
not placed on each side of the head
as in other fishes. but are close to-
gether and point upward or forward,
so that they have the power of BIZ
nocular vision, as in man. There is
a great difference in the appearance
of these telescope eyes in different
deep-sea fishes. Some project but
slightly, while others are placed on
the ends of a long stalk. But in all
cases the eye itself is much elon-
gated, not spherical, like most eyes.
Those variations can be followed in
the embryo. whence it appears that
these peculiar fishes have been grad
ually evolved from ordinary types
and have acquired organs necessary
to life in their gloomy home. 1t is
probable, too, that they dwell near
the surface when young. The retina
of this singular form of eye is di-
vided into two parts, one for ordi-
nary vision, the other for the pur-
pose of catching any stray ray of
light that may strike from the side.
There are also some other peculiar
arrangements similar to those which
give to birds their remarkably keen
sight and which are also found in
whales. In short, the telescope eye,
the pupil of which is always wide
open. is constructed with the view of
utilizing the feeblest glimmer of
light"
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1903-07-16
Arsenic In Hens Eggs,

Arsenic in appreciRble amount has
been found by Gabriel Bertrand in
all parts of the hens egg. This con-
firms the new belief that arsenic ex-
lists in all living cells, and probably
serves special function
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1903-07-16
THE GINSENG ROOT.
On Account of Its Peculiar shape II
Is Regarded with Reverence
by the Chinese.

The remarkable resemblance to the
has caused the Chinese to regard GIN
seng with a superstitious reverence
They believe it is a panacea for all the
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1903-07-16

The Student-That fellow has his
work cut out for him.
The College Man-What fellow?
The Student-My tailor.-Harvard
LamDOOn.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1903-07-16
They Do Them Brown.

"What do men do when they get in
the Legislature, pop?'
"Why, they do corporations, my
son."-Yonkers Statesman.