The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1903-07-21
,ceived by the Pope with marked dis

IecciVeu oy no FoPo VII" n'o' NeN NAS'
Leo NILS attitude toward the United
States has been more friendly and intimate
than that of any of the Popes. All his
life he made a special study OF American
affairs, and he was perhaps better informed
about our institutions and people IMAM
any member of the Sacred College. with
the exception, of course, OF the American
representatives. The history Of the Church
in this country under his administration
Is a record Of almost uneventfu growth
Two matters of distinctly American con.
Germ there were in which the action OF
the Vatican attracted universal attention.
The Knights of Labor. II was at first an
nounced, would fall under the papal ban
Cardinal Gibbons visited Rome and pre-
sented a strong appeal against the con-
domination. The decree was withheld on
condition that the statutes OF the order
should contain nothing .communlatic or
tending to oppose the right of holding
property. The Anti-Poverty movement
or rather the revolt of DIR. McGlynn incl
dent TO it, was distinctly condemned at
the Vatican, and the Pope conferred on
Archbishop Corrigan the rank OF Bishop
Assistant at the pontifical throne, in token
of his approval OF his course in that matter.
The Sacred College as now composed Is
nearly all Of Leo Kills creation, only two
Of the Cardinals owing their creation to Plus
TX. He made radical departure from the
unwritten law Of centuries that the foreign
element should remain in a small minority
in the assembly of Cardinals The loss OF
temporal power. of course, led to the change
and the present college, which contains a
large majority of Italians, Is world wide
in its representation America recelveo
at Leo's hands the appointment OF two
members Of the Sacred College, Cardinal
Gibbons and the late Cardinal Tascnereau
of Quebec.
One of the most notable of Pope Leos
utterances and one which indicated to an
unusual extent his liberality and sympathy
with the questions OF the day. was the
famous encyclical on the condition OF the
working classes, issued in 1891 IL was
praised with scarcely dissenting voice
by those with whose condition 1t dealt
directly, as well as by those from whom
the laboring classes might have to expect
whatever improvement might come to their
lot II was opposed to socialism and denied
that any class in the world was necessarily
opposed to another from the existing con-
In February, 1892 the Pope issued to
the French people the encyclical in which
the existence Of the republic was recog-
nized. Further than that, he allowed MINI
telf to be interviewed by reporter OF
Paris newspaper and explained to him
the interest and affection which had led
him to write the encyclical and do what
lay in his power to secure the happiness
of the French by leading to the ultimate
union of all parties in the State on con-
stitutional grounds. ~
episcopal jubilee by celebrating mass in
ST Peters before a gathering OF $4,000
persons, of whom $4,000 were pilgrims
In 1894 his encyclical was an appeal to
the people of every creed 10 unite with
the Church of Rome, and one year later
he directed this particularly TO England
Tr ipln afip hptwnen
Russia and the Vatican were resumed
after an interruption Of twenty eight years.
DELEGATE TO THE UNITED STATES.
In view of the keen interest which Leo
XIII. had always felt in the American
Church. it is not surprising that the re.
ports OF dissensions in the early '9Os should
have caused him deep concern. Following
the Mo(ilynn trouble came the differ
ences between the branch of the Church
led by Archbishop Ireland OF st. Paul
and the conservatives, OF whom Arch.
representative. Archbishop Ireland had
been very close to the Pope. and it was
through his influence that Rome decided
not to interfere with the Knights OF Labor.
Various reports regarding the conflict
in the American Church reached Rome,
cis Satolli as Apostolic delegate TO report
upon the condition Of affairs. The dele
gate came here in the spring of 1892.
II was originally intended that he should
spend two years here familiarizing himself
with the situation. but the time heightened
out to four years AZ repT PRES ehn pen OF
ganda, Mgr. SatoIli travelled through the
country, and many we're the cases referred
to him for settlement. Throughout he
won popularity by his open sympathy with
American institutions, A compromise was
~ Il L~Sr hr,E nla nd
tives which has since endured: The Dele
gate stirred up much discussion by con-
demning Catholic liquor dealers in the
matter of denunciation of the liquor trade
by one Of the Bishops. In October, 1893,
Satolli returned to Rome, having previously
been made Cardinal, and Mgr. Martinelli
took his place here. 10 be succeeded, on his
promotion to the Cardinalate, by the present
Delegate Archbishop Falconio. II Ia under
stood that Cardinal Satolli was thereafter
his Holiness's chief adviser on American
affairs.
Since 1894 Leo XIII had been very weak.
and number OF times in that year he was
reported to be near the end. There Ia
no doubt that the Spanish American War
wore upon his health. as he was deeply
grieved by it. All that he could do toward
averting il he did, but he did not take either
side, and when he was asked to bless the
Spanish dynasty and the Spanish arms
he gave his blessing to the dynasty, but
refused it to the Spanish arms, as that
would have been tantamount to prayer
for their success against the Americans.
After war was declared he said to one Of the
Cardinals
II hope shall not live to see another war"
He frequently expressed his grief that
two Christian nations at the end Of the
nineteenth century could find no other way
Of settling their differences than by war
HIS LAST DAYS
When the Pope came to write his Easter
encyclical in March. 1902. he recognized
that he was approaching the end Of his
term on earth and that this encycical should
be his testament to the Catholic Church.
He declared that humanity had never found
itself in more miserable conditions than at
that time. There was disorder in all social
relations and especially in family relations
excessive liberty had been created which
had fostered socialism and anarchism.
He invoked the union OF all Christian
churches as a remedy to save society from
the violent attacks OF Atheists and Free
masonry. He maintained the necessity Of
upholding the temporal rights OF the Church
and counselled the active spread Of Catholic
workmens societies He condemned the
proposed establishment CT the law Of divorce
in Italy.
In July of that year he wrote an encyclical
on THE Most Holy Eucharsl, in which he
referred to the blessed eucharist as the
central doctrine OF Catholic faith and the
radiating sun OF Catholic worship.
few weeks later he sent to President
Roosevelt. by Bishop 0'Gorman of Sioux
Falls. s. D., an autograph letter and a
beautiful mosaic picture Of the Vatican