davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1903-03-28

than increased the evil which was in
herent in the transported classes and
which would seemingly have been in
tensified by the placing together OF so
many of questionable moral character,
and instead of these colonies turning
out to be "hells on earth" they became
in time measurably respectable com
munities.
But with Russia's criminal colony
on Saghalien island the case is differ
ent, both because of the small size Of
the island and it's poor natural adj
vantages. The awful condition in this
hell on earth have remained a sealed
book to the outside world for the Rus
sian government guards its secrets
with the most jealous care, but an En-
glishman named Charles III. Hawes, at
extreme hardships, has penetrated
the region where 5000 murderers are
turned loose upon each other. Prac-
tically all the inhabitants are murder
ers, the others consisting of a mere
handful of officials and soldiers. and a
few who have been banished to the
! place for lesser o%ffenses. Whenever
the officials feel it necessary for their
own safety they do not hesitate to
| shoot down the conyicts like dogs, but
they do not interfere with the inhab-
itants when they are merely murder
ing one another, 1t is probable that a
murder is committed somewhere on
the island every day. While Mr.. Halves
was at the little settlement of AleSan-
drovsk four murders We're committed,
one, that of a boy, in the house where
he was stopping. He photographed
one man who had a record of eight
murders and he was considered a dis
tinguished citizen. All the business
and industries of the island are carried
on by the murderers. The mos
atrocious murderer on the island
Sophie Bluffstein, who is so dangerous
that she is always kept in chains, is the
leading hotel keeper.
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1903-03-28
FUNCTIONS OF HuMUs.
1t Serves to Retain Moisture ana
Opens Up and MeIIows Heavy
Soils on the Farm.

When there is a restoration to the
soil of the d%ecaying plants there is ac-
cumulated a dark substance on the
surface of the soil known as humus.
When this humus is abundant the sup
ply of nitrogen is large, and when the
humus disappears the nitrogen goes
with it. At the American and Canadian
experiment farms this subject has
been given much consideration, tests
and experiments being made to de-
termine the amount of inert plant food
in the soil, and in regard to the agri-
cultural Importance of humus it is
claimed that it is the natural store
house and conservator of nitrogen,
which element is the most expensive
of all plant foods when purchased in
fertilizers. Humus furnishes, the food
upon which the soil micro-organisms
live, and by which their life functions
convert its organic nitrogen into MI
trates. 1t also possesses considerable
amounts of the mineral food elements,
which are Especially in summer) liber-
ated in forms for growing crops, and it
is believed that the mineral humates
furnish a large proportion of the pot
ash. lime, ETC., required by crops.
Humus serves to increase the absorb
ton and retentive power for moisture,
and it regulates and protects against
extremes of soil temperature. 1t opens
up and mellows heavy soils and serves
to materially diminish the loss and
serves to materially diminish the loss
OF. fertilizing elements by drainage,
thus permanently improving in the
best way the light soils. Cultivation
that is, exposing the substance of the
soil to the air, as by the ordinary farm
methods with the pillow, harrow,etc.-
tends to dissipate the humus and de-
crease the nitrogen, it having been
demonstrated that for every 25 pounds
of nitrogen removed by wheat (grain
crop after grain for several years.,
LAG pounds of nitrogen are liable to be
lost, due to oxidation Of organic mat
ter.-Troy On. W Times.
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1903-03-28

and effectual method of disposing of
the worst criminal class, and once
there, it is a bourne from which no
doomed soul ever returns. And what
the %deprayity and violence of man has
not done for the place, nature has
c%onspired to accomplish with her com
bination of cold and moisture, deadly
winters and billiards., with periods of
excessive heat.
Russia is not the first and only ma
ton to resort to transportation in dis
posing of it's criminal classes. Ancient
Greece gave to the world the first step
in this method of dealing with the i'm
moral, dissolute and dangerous, al
though it was not this class of Offend
ers which was subjected to Danish
ment, but rather some patriot of com
manding talents and splendid achieve
ments, such as Miltiades, Themistocles
Aristides, or some political minority,
borne down in its death-struggle for
ascendancy by the overwhelming force
of an opposing faction. The Roman
empire, however, speedily adopted the
system to her own needs and trans
p~ortation as a punishment for crime
was inaugurated. And these practices
of the ancient law seem to have been
afterwards m~aterialized and estab-
lished in most of the states of modern
Europe. The first of the European ma
lions to do this was Portugal, and
Spain adopted the system almost at the
same time, the latter, however, did not
act in so systematic a manner; having
merely extended pardon to certain
descriptions of criminals confined in
the jails of the mother country, on con-
dition of their enlisting as soldiers or
sailors, or as mental servants generally
to be employed exclusively in the col
oniesinthenew world. The Portuguese,
on the other hand, appear to have been
long in the habit of sending regular
draughts of convicts, to be employed
at hard labor, to their colonial settle
ments on the coast of Africa and in the
East Indies.
Under Queen Elizabeth Punishment
was decreed for the first time in Eng
land as the punishment of dangerous
ogues and vagabonds," and James I.
in the exercise of his royal prerogative.
virtually converted this statute into
ian act for the transportation of Grim
inals to America" After the latter
country had won her independence
England sent her criminal classes TIC
: Australia. But wherever these cen
Wet colonies were established there
was a tendency on the part of the crimi-
nails to be assimilated by the new coun.
try and as they became established to
forsake their evil ways and become use
( fui citizens. Thus was lessened rather
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1903-03-28

western part of the state of Chihua.
hua were purchased, and a half-dozen
colonies established there. Other colo
mics are scattered along the eastern
slope of the Sierra Madre. The popu-
lation of the several colonies varies
from a few score to a few hundred
people, the total population Of the
colonies being in the neighborhood of
5000.
Here polygamy is practiced openly
and without any effort at concealment,
but in strict accordance with the
teachings of the church. According
to a correspondent who spent eight
months among the people, Investigate
ing the people and conditions in the
guise of a kealth-seeker, in no one of
the colonies is there to be found a
brothel, a gambling house or a saloon.
Neither have they jails or policemen.
Mormon mothers are also said to be
very careful regarding the social rela-
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1903-03-28

necessary, not so much because they
are places t. smoke in. as because
they are places where the father, or
at least the men of the family, can
sometimes be alone. For it is usual
low for smoking to be allowed in
nearly every room in the house.
l think in my ~old-fashioned mind,
that at least one room should be
kept free from smoke, and that that
one should be the drawing-room or
parlor, which must be made as
dainty and beautiful as possible so
that people will naturally refrain
from ~polluting it. The drawing
room, in consequence of its daiEti-
ness and beauty, is not to be avoided
as a sitting room, it must be used
as much as possible and made to ex,
ert a refining influence upon all who
assemble there. In the absence of a
possible smoking room, the hall, in
the case when it is square and roolny,
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1903-03-28
oRK ALL THE M
gage as nm InexOrabIe Taskmas-
ter That Knows No Sleep.

The mortgagei is self-supporting in
stitution. 1t always holds its own.
1t calls for just as many dollars when
1t is not affected by the drought. 1t
is not drowned out by the heavy rains.
1t never winter kills. Late springs
and early frosts never trouble it. Po-
tato bugs do not disturb it. Moth and
rust do not destroy it. 1t grows nights,
Sundays, rainy days and even holidays.
1t brings a sure crop every year, and
sometimes twice a year. 1t produces
cash every time. 1t does not have 10
wait for the market to advance. 1t is
not subject to speculations, of the bulls
and bears on the board of trade. 1t is
a load hat gals and frets and chafes.
1t is a burden hat the farmer cannot
shake off. 1t is with him morning,
noon and night. 1t eats with him at the
table. 1t gets under his pillow when
he sleeps. 1t rides uponhis shoulders
during the day. 1t consumes his grain
crop. 1t devours his cattle. 1t selects
the finest horses and the latest steers.
1t lives upon the first fruit of the sea-
son. 1t stalks into the dairy where the
busy housewife tolls day after day
and month after month and takes the
incest cheese and the choicest butter.
It shares the childrens bread and robs
them of their clothes. 1t stoops the
t%oiler's back with its remorseless bur-
den of care. 1t hardens his hands, be-
numbs his intellect. prematurcly
whitens his locks and oftentimes sends
him and his aged wife over the hills to
the poorhouse. 1t is the memorable
and ~exacting taskmaster. It's whip is
as merciless and cruel as the lash OF
the slave driver. 1t is a n to lib
erty, a hindrance to progress, a curse
to the world.-Ringwood (Okla.l
Leader.
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1903-03-28
Try a Field of Alfalfa.

Alfalfa is not a difficult crop to
raise, being sown in the spring. The
preparation and seeding are done in
the same manner as for wheat or
oats. Only n crop can be secured
the first year, and that is not always
a good one, but once started there is
no limit to the time it will thrive and
produce. 1t sends its roots down to
moisture, ten or more feet below the
surface, and is little Influenced by
climatic conditions, which every
where have a bearing on every other
crop. The effect on the soil has been
fully demonstrated by blowing up the
alfalfa and sowing to other crops
corn, wheat, potatoes. The increased
yield of these crops is phenomenal,
showing that the alfalfa roots have
nourished the soil.-Midland Farmer.
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1903-03-28
HOMEMADE BRooDER.
Raising Chicks without a Hen Is Not
Only "a Pleasant But Profitable
Occupation.

The beginner will be surprised to
find how easy it is to make a brooder.
Buy one of those little oil stoves at
the store, and the whole job is done in
a few hours. 1t is easy to operate, not
nearly SO much bother as so many
hens. The chicks are by themselves in
a roomy building. A sketch of the
brooder is given herewith. The brood
er platform occupies one side of the
building. The brooder is about three
feet square. The board top, which is
Supported by the wooden pins passing
tightly through holes bored in the cor
ners, is represented as transparent in
ORDER to show the four three-ineh
pieces of inch iron pipe beneath.
These pipes pass just through the
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1903-03-28

floor of the platform to the under side,
but project two inches above, as
shown.
Under the platform is a three-fcot
square or iron, heated by the lamp
placed directly under it. Thus the
heated air which comes through the
pipes and warns the chicks is not
from the lamp direct, but from the
warmed sheet iron. AS the chicks
grow larger. the pegs are driven fur
thel' through the cover, making it
higher. The warm air is kept in by
the strips of cloth around the edge
of the cover. While the chicks are
young they should be kept from fly
ing off the platform by a board bar
rier along the edge (not shown in the
drawing). A regular brooder lamp is
best. The smallest oil stoves or any
good lamp that will bu1n clearly with
out a top draft will answer.
The chicks will not do so well in
doors after the first three weeks. No
matter if the weather is damp and
chilly. While it is cold or stormy keep
them indoors nights, but make a good
long outside run of fine netting, or
laths with a board at the bottom. Old
buildings become infested with nits of
lice and the brooder heat brings them
out in swarms along the cracks and
corners in and near the brooder. Kero-
.ene will soak them out. Clean the
house and keep the brooder clean.
Lice cannot live long in a clean, dry
place.
Feed fine, mixed grain in gravel and
let them scratch. Meat, green stuff
and gravel are needed from the first.
They will pick up the fine grit and
struggle over a lettuce leaf or a bit of
meat almost as soon as they can stand.
Meat is half their food in a state of ma
ture, and to grow fast they must have
1t unless there is plenty of milk. The
experiment stations find hat chicks
und ducklings grow as fast again when
fed with plenty of animal food. The
growth costs only half as much per
pound as compared with all-grain diet.
I picked up the following bill of fare
for young chicks at the Rhode Island
poultry school two years ago, and still
use it, with some changes in the direc-
ton of greater variety: Four feeds
a day of fine cracked corn, cracked
wheat, hulled oats in equal parts, also
a little millet seed. Soft feed. com
prising corn meal, bran, ground oats,
equal parts and one-sixteenth to one.
twentieth part beef scrap. fed in
troughs at noon. Green food at least
once a day.-Orange Judd Farmer.
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1903-03-28

wild horse skin is not usual in the
dens to which we are accustomed.
1t is easy to provide a den or a
smoking room, because SO little fur
niture is required for it; there should
be no useless ornaments, and u +
tains even are out of place. A built
in fireplace quickly gives a furnished
look to a room, some comfortable
chairs, a roomy writing table, shelves
for books, and racks for papers are
all the requirements of the den. Any
boy who knows anything about car
pentering could make the pigeon
holes and the settle shown in the
illustration. There must, of course,
be a emoker's cupboard in every
smoking room, but nothing in the
way of drapery, from which il Is SO
difficult to shake the smell of tobac-
co.
The den and smoking room are
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1903-03-28

~lE LL is described in the Holy
Writ as the place of liquid
fire and birthstone, the
abode of the devil and his
angels and the final scene
of punishment of those who
fail to gain admittance to the portals
of the Heavenly City. Speculative the
ologians and Bible students have fig
ured out the possible location of this
region of torment and some have de-
clared their belief that it is somewhere
near the internal center of the earth.
If such should be the case it j snot hard
to imagine that the places on the sur
face of the earth where sin and crime
hold high carnival and every law of
God and man is transgressed are the
yawning gateways to hell, through
which mar is sucked to eternal doom.
Chicago has, or did have up to a short
time ago,a section called "Little He'll"
New York has its Bowery, London its
Chapel House district and every large
city of the world has its slums where
the slaves of human passion herd, and
tester and rot. When we speak of "hell
on earth we may mean the worst
place we can find in the city or town in
which we dwell, or we may have in
mind the d%epravity and crime which
centers in a certain locality in some of
the worlds metropolises about which
we have read, and we may in a relative
degree be correct. But if by a system
of forced selection and segregation we
should bring together the worst OF
classes, we should be reasonably JUS
titled in classifying it as the most wick
ed place OF earth-a veritable hell on
earth.
The Russian secret penal settlement
on saghalien island, a bit ofland off the
far northeastern coast of Siberia, is
such a spot, for its 5000 murderers
of all ages and both sexes give full reir
to their evil ~propensities and nothing
is done to restrain them. Sagha'ie
provides the government a onve len,
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1903-03-28
Ero.t-proof swim parrel.

People in northern climates who feed
swill In winter often have serious
trouble and inconvenience from its
freezing up. This can be prevented
with comparatively little trouble and
practically no expense in the follow.
ing mapner: Procure a box large
enough to hold the swill barrel and
leave a space at least a foot and a half
wide all around it. Put the barrel into
the box and pack it all around with
stable as firmly as you can
stamp it down. Then make tight fit
ting covers for the barrel and box; and
there will be no more trouble with
frozen swill.--Prairie Farmer.
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1903-03-28

may be used as such; comfortable
chairs round a blazing fire will give
the feeling of ease necessary to The
enjoyment of a pipe or cigar, but
solitude and the feeling of retire
ment, of course, are lost in so public
a place as a hall. Mr.. Jennings says
in his book, "Our Homes and How to
Beautify Them"-"As to the decora-
ton of a smoking room, its keynote
should be a rich shadowy comfort"
This is so, but probably most people
will prefer more definite suggestion.
Wood is the best wall covering, as it
does not retain the smoke, and az
soon as we have dark panelled walls,
we have 'shadowy comfort" Orient.
al carpets, andstheir colors continued
in the comfortable chairs which ars
necessary to the smoking room, will
instantly give richness.
! r. G. BARTLETT.
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1903-03-28

the same time it would take to get his
wife out to hold the bags. 1t is made
of a piece of inch board, two feet long
and four inches wide. Two-thirds-inch
wire nails are driven through from one
side and crooked with a hammer to
make a hook. The nails (a) are -
inches apart. 1t car be fastened any
where by simply driving two nails
through thames Dunlap, in Farm
and Home.
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1903-03-28
Unaerrrouna pen for p1e,.

If you have not suitable buildings
for pigs dig an underground den,
cover with boards, stalks straw, sods,
or otl er handy material. For win
ter, II deeper this den is dug the
better. Have the pigs tame by gem
tie and quiet treatment. If you have
not conveniences for separating them
and wish to separate me hog at a
time take a light crate or box, and
while tho pig is eating place this
crate or box over the pig; then with
a man on the other side to hold the
crate you can march the pig any.
where with perfect esse.-Farmers'
Voice
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1903-03-28

who arranges the den and makes it
comfortable. "She picked out a nice,
dry cave, instead of a heap of wet
leaves to lie down in; and she
strewed clean sand on the floor; and
she lit a nice fire of wood at the back
of the cave; and she hung dried wild
horse skin, tail down, across the
opening of the cave; and she said:
Wipe your feet, dear, when you
come in, and now We'll keep house,"
according to Rudyard Kipling. Now
the woman provides the man with a
"den" all to himself, or, at least,
should do so if she is an intelligent
and sensible person; but the clean
sand is no longer visible, and the
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1903-03-28
SIMPLE BAG L D
Quickly Made and Can Be Used any
where by Simply Driving Two
Nails Through 1t.

I have a bag holder of which in
close a drawing. Any man can make
and put it up ready for use in about
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1903-03-28
An Den"

haunt for the
mere man, fitting resort
for the superior animal,
remnant, no doubt, of the
old cave days. But now,
as then, it is the woman
The morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1899-1930, 1903-07-08

bunker coal. The former viii proceed
to the sound TO load lumber.
Several union sailors shipped yester-
day morning from Portland for Aber-
deem, where they are booked to join
lumber carriers unable TO go to sea
because of lack of crew. Sailors are
not plentiful by any means but yester-
day seemed lucky day for the agents
in that not only were men secured to
go to neighboring ports, but local ves-
sells, too, We're supplied.
The steam schooner Aurelia is en-
route down the Columbia with lumber
for San Francisco.
The Oriental liner. Indrapura, is ex-
pected to leave down from Portland
this morning.
The barkentine Chehalis Captain
Simpson. Is supposed to be en- route
down the river. There is some contra
diction as to her movements, bnt pref
ty authentic reports were received in
this city last night that she left Port
land yesterday. She is loaded with
SOC. 600 feet of lumber for San Francis
co. After discharging her cargo at
San Francisco the barkentine will pro-
cede to Coos bay to load lumber for
Australia. 1t was the intention of her
owner to send her to the central Ore
gon port on her last voyage out of the
bay city, but the lumber was not ready
for shipment and so the vessel was or
dered to this port for return trip to
San Francisco.
The steamship Centennial arrived
down yesterday from Portland loaded
with 1000 tons OF wheat, and proceeded
almost Immediately to sea. She goes to
San Francisco.
The steamer, Stanley Dollar, has been
shifted from the Inman & Poulsen
companys wharf at Portland into mid
stream where she will continue to dis
charge the lumber slowed away in
matches No. and 4. These matches
will be stiffened with ballast and then
the lumber will be reloaded. The
Stanley Dollars list to starboard Is still
about 10 degrees, but she is now be-
yond all danger Of turning turtle.
Should 1t oe found that after
stiffening matches three and four
the steamer remains cranky matches
Nos. / and will also be ballasted. In
this event the entire cargo will have TO
be worked over before the vessel gets
in proper shape for the sea.
The morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1899-1930, 1903-07-08
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WREN Hostetters Stomach Bitters was
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