Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1903-08-27

very hot or very cold liquids. AFTER
drinking very hot or ice cold water
we could not taste even such a SUD
stance as quinins. This fact supplies
a useful hint for consumers OF Ill ma
vored medicines.
Smell, though the least useful, Is the
most delicate Of all our senses. we
can smell the three-hundred-milllontn
part of a grain Of musk. No chemicai
analysis can detect such minute guam
titles. The most powerful microscope
would not render particle ten thou-
sand times as large visible. We couid
not taste it were 1t many thousano
times as large.
While we taste liquids, we can smell
only gases. Fill your nostrils with eau
de cologne, and you will experience no
odor whatever. Fine as our sense OF
smell is, 1t has deteriorated Immensely
since the time when our forefathers
were wild men. The Calmucks can
smell an encampment twenty miles
away; the Peruvians can distinguish
all the South American races by their
odor.
But smell is a sense highly suscep-
tible of cultivation even by the modern
white man. Dealers in tea, spices, per-
fumes and drugs, in consequence or
their training, can distinguish the
faintest differences in odors.
The organ Of hearing is one OF the
most marvellous pieces Of mechanism
in the body. In animals the external
ear acts as a trumpet to collect the
sound waves; In man 1t is little more
than an ornament, but the internal ear
is alike in both. So wonderful is lts
construction that we can distinguish
sounds varying from forty to 1000 VI
brations per second. This feat Is per-
formed by a portion of the ear called
the organ of Corti. What wonderful
organ that is may be understood from
the fact that 1t consists Of 5000 pieces
of apparatus, each piece being made
up Of two rods, one inner hair cell ana
four outer hair cells-that Is, 3o,ooo
separate parts. In some mysterious
manner the rods, with other things, are
tuned to different notes, and when they
yibrate they cause the hairs to trans
init an impulse to the nerve Of hearing.
To be musical, therefore, is to have a
good organ of Corti.
Why is II that scratching q piece OF
glass with metal causes such an un-
pleasant sound? Because 1T Is what Is
called the fundamental tone Of the ear,
which is very high. What the funda-
mental tone exactly is would take too
much space to explain, but II you blow
across the mouth of q bottle, a hollow
globe, etc., you get its fundamental
tone.
The ear Is a deceptive organ, and 1t
il often a matter Of guesswork to tell
whence q sound comes. Indeed, II you
place the open hands In front OF your
ears and curve them backward sounds
produced In front will appear to come
from behind.
Human beings and monkeys see most
things with both eyes. Our whole field
M -v4sfnY1 -pxf1nds ovor $50 dosrecs or
half a circle. The middle half Of this
we see with both eyes together, but
the. quarter at each side Is seen only
with one eye.
All other animals see most things
with one eye only. Scarcely ever can
they fix both eyes on anything at the
same time. But there are considerable
variations. A bulldog, for instance
somewhat closely approaches the con
dition Of a monkey. The larger the pu'
pill the greater the quantity Of light
which enters the eye. Large pupiled
people, therefore, see the world in q
brighter and more cheerful state thar
those with small pupils. They can see
things better in the dusk or at night.
As every one knows from the optica
illusion pictures, the eyes are easily
deceived. A white square on blacl
ground appears larger than q blacl
square Of the same size on a white
ground. Red near green looks redder
blue near yellow looks bluer; white
pear black looks whiter
Touch really includes several senses
Thus there are spots on the skin which
feel heat only, spots which feel only
cold, spots which feel only pain, spot
which feel only pressure and spot
which feel tickling. These spots are
supplied with nerves capable Of doing
| only one particular duty. The sensa
tons of the skin are grouped by physi
| ologists into three kinds-touch. pail
and temperature. The skin which GOV
| ers a scar has only one kind Of sensa
ton. 1t can feel neither pressure (toucl
| proper nor temperature, but perceiveI
pain very acutely. The tongue is thu
most sensitive Of all parts to touch, thu
forehead and elbow to heat or cold.
| We only dream sights and sounds
We never dream tastes or smells. /
| we dream Of flower garden, we se'
the flowers, but DO not smell them. !
we dream Of dinner, we Zee tho dish
On. but do not taste them.
WAYS OF WINGED WOOERS