davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1903-01-09
SHOTGUN AT cHARlvA,,R!1,l.
Iowa Daddy-in-Law Adopts Drastic
aa Measures. 81

Sioux City. Iowa, Jan. 8. - Twenty
boys gathered at the home Of George
Lyons, farmer living west Of Otto.
Iowa, last evening to serenade Worthy
Hoyt and his new wife, the bride being
a daughter Of Lyons. Lyons objected
to the charivari aud ordered the boys
to- leave. They did not obey and he
stuck q shotgun out of the door and
fred. Some Of the boys were peppered
I with shot but none we're seriously IN.
5jured. The crowd was scattered II 9
hurry and did not return.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1903-01-09
Municipal Aid,

"Well,' remarked Miss Innocence,
"the government may not believe in
women taking the initiative in mat
tiers of love, but this city certainly
does"
81 don't see how" replied Miss
Antike, with more interest than might
have been expected.
''It's plain as print. The city clerk
is advertising in the newspapers for
sealed proposals." replied Miss limo
cence-Cincinnati Commercial Tri-
bune.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1903-01-09
Not Lone .Enouoh.

You have called in response to our
advertisement" said the patent med
icine man.
eyes; you want man who can
write your advertisements. I believer"
said the serious-lo oking caller.
That's what we want. What expe-
rience have you had?
tive been writer OF fiction for
twelve years. ~ onkers Statesman.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1903-01-09
TWIN CITIES. 70 Usage.
New Route 81 the Great Western Al

New Route Of the Great Western. AT.
most Ready. IS. /,
Winona, Mimi, Jan. 1. Within the
next two weeks the Chicago Great
Western road will discontinue its
through train service on the line from
Winona to Usage. aud will install irsin
service over the new line through
Rochester from the Twin. Cities to
Usage, running stub from Rochester
to Winona. n Il
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1903-01-09
How the FAN Has FaIlen.

tJVW SW0 q III tJ&0 ~ 0I10tJs .'.'sf e
Patience Il understand Mr.. and Mrs.
Styles are just going away now for
their vacation. ss
Patrice Yes; they remind one of
Adam and Eve when they were leay-j
ing the garden Of Eden. don't theyf
What an idea? ''
Well. you see, they, too, are going
away for the fall. -" Yonkers States
man. g.s 5ai
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1903-01-09

4 An elastic currency ID the kind that
enables q maA 70 make both en0s,
neet, &
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1903-01-09


is isolated for the purpose of teaching
and is followed quite closely by appli-
cation to completed whole. Accura-
cy and neatness are insisted upon. The
practice work is accompanied by the
pres entation of much matter of inform
alton about fabrics-their manufac-
ture, raw materials, characteristics and
utilities. Concentrating is assigned
to the older children.
Experimental cooking may be be-
yond the capacity of the one-room
school house. A great deal has been
done with the demonstration work.
Home sanitation, home nursing, home
making are topics that should have a
great share of the attention of the
common school teacher. In this con-
nection, Supt. Harvey, Wisconsin, says
that it is his opinion that little can be
hoped for experimental cooking In the
rural school room, but he most jealous
ly urges a county school that offers
courses In domestic science and art
and agriculture, the county school re-
ceiving much state aid for mainten-
ance. A Wisconsin law has embodied
his idea. Every course Of such q coun-
ty school is founded upon the educa.
tional and unitarian claims for manu-.
al training.
'.By gradual Introduction much has
been done In whiting and the making
of surface forms In thin wood, with the
boys Of the country school. The boy
may pass to use nicely all the usual
tools. He may also be given large OPP
portunity to make things IN which he
d. NE 4vnt -
The mirror. (Stillwater, Minn.) 1894-1925, 1903-01-15
Ski Running In Nor
way.

Did you ever take an outing on
a pair of skis? No? Then you
have missed something. This
popular Norwegian sport is little
known in the United States. Attic
skis are used in the Northwest
to certain extent, they do not
command much attention except
in the several localities to which
they have been imported by
Norsemen. I During the gold rush
of '49 an old man carried the
mail over the Rocky mountains,
using skis for winter locomotion,
and never failed to get the mail
through on account of snow
drifts. The ski easily passes over
places in which horse would
sink. In Norway skis are used
by all classes for both sport and
traffic.
Perhaps you have taken a trip
The mirror. (Stillwater, Minn.) 1894-1925, 1903-01-15
The Diplomatic Service
: Of the j. s.

Paper Read Before the Chaatdaqold Circle.
When farmer wishes to per-
feet any certain kind of produce
he selects the best and purest for
seed, plants it remote from inferior
crops of the same species and
cultivates with extraordinary care.
He selects the best of this crop
for seed for the next year, observ-
ing the same precautions against
the chance Oft becoming mixed. :"
Again and again he does this
until the production has reached
high grade of perfection. It is
the same with the florist and the
fruit raiser.
The draft horse, the trotting
horse, the runner and the PAGER
are each brought to perfection by
generations of breeding. No
horseman who wanted to buy a
yearling colt to raise and train for
the race track would think of buy
ing one without a good pedigree,
The mirror. (Stillwater, Minn.) 1894-1925, 1903-01-15
che gbaperon Tn Samoa.

The chaperon is an important
person in Samoa. She is the con-
slant companion of the taupou, or
village guide, who is appointed to
entertain strangers and show them
the various sights. Each village
in Samoa elects a girl for this
Office, and it is necessary that she
should be the daughter of chief.
Her house is provided for her by
the village, and she is surrounded
by court of native girls. No
man who lives in the village is
allowed to enter the sacred pre-
cincts. and the taupoq goes no.
where without an elderly woman.
II the taupou resigns her Office,
the chief can appoint another
damsel of high degree. -Ex.
The mirror. (Stillwater, Minn.) 1894-1925, 1903-01-15
Hpbcrisfns.

You never lift up life without
being yourself lifted up.-Emer-
son.
To ease another's heartache is
to forget ones own.-Abraham
Lincoln.
1t is ever true that he who does
nothing for others does nothing
for himself. Goethe.
IT'S far better to love and be
poor than be rich with an empty
heart. Lewis Morris.
The mirror. (Stillwater, Minn.) 1894-1925, 1903-01-15
no matter how fine and perfect an
animal it looked to be.

Inc matter how fine and perfect an
animal it looked to be.
A friend once brought me a
young puppy from Scotland. It
was full blooded Scotch collie.
The pup received no training, for
l knew nothing about training
dog, in fact / hardly know one
breed from another, yet atthe age
of one year it was herding my
cattle as we'll as any boy in the
county could do. Most of the
great painters of today are de-
scendents of painters, SO, also, are
the musicians, the poets, the
actors, the writer's and the diplo-
ratists following in the footsteps
of their parents.
The people of the United States,
as people, are superior to any
nation in the world as diplomatists,
statesmen, orators, Gnanciers, SOL
diers, seamen, lawyers, doctors,
yes and shoemakers too. Out of
every one hundred citizens of the
United States ten men may be
selected who could perform the
duties of any Of the above named
occupations better than any one
hundred in any other nation. For
this reason we are won't to think
that we have the best diplomatic
service in the world.
A diplomatist must have a pedi-
gree. In all foreign countries you
will find that diplomatic positions
are occupied by the same families
for generation after generation.
These men have a thorough
knowledge of international law,
history and treaties, but in our
beloved country all the qualifca-
tions required are political
pull. And SO we get worsted in
nearly every diplomatic contro-
versy we have with any foreign
power. Among the most notable
ones are the following: Diplo-
matte relations with France short
ly after the war Of the revolution;
incidents leading up to the Mexi-
can war; diplomatic relations which
resulted in the purchase of Hawaii;
the failure to secure the annexa-
ton of Santa Domingo and st.
Thomas; the purchase of Russian
and each and every dip
lomatic controversy we have had
with Great Britain. Even poor
old Spain whom we whipped so
soundly and SO >easily few years
ago nearly wrested the spoils of
victory from our grasp by her
in arranging the treaty
of peace.
[ must acknowledge, tho, there
is one nation that we have got the
better of in every diplomatic re-
lation we have ever had with them.
and that is Lo, the Poor Indian.
d. w. K.
The mirror. (Stillwater, Minn.) 1894-1925, 1903-01-15

down hill on toboggan and
have felt the exhilarating effect 81
the wind as you came flying down
the snowfakes whistling about
you. What would you say if you
had pair of boards attached to
your feet under the same
conditions? The ski pronounced
skee) is a board six or eight feet
long and four inches wide. Its is
steamed and worked into the de-
sired shape, viz. slightly curved
upward to point in front, as on
a skate, a groove running the en-
tire length of the bottom. You
place your feet in leather stirrups
in the center of the skis and,
after having fastened them tight,
you take pole in your hand and
start. Now look out! If you
don't keep your balance your skis
and feet will run away from you
and down you go with thump.
Americans love skating as a
winter pastime, but to the Nor
wegian ski running must ever be
the most popular of winter sports.
The peasants use them for bust
ness, which were it not for the
ski would have to wait. When
the mountains and valleys are
blocked with snow and no horse
or human being dare traverse the
region, then the boards reign SUI
preme and the persons who trav-
ell on them can make railroad
time.
In the cities and towns they are
mainly used for pleasure. Ski
clubs are organized everywhere,
and it is a pretty sight indeed to
see party Of gaily dressed young
people on an outing among the
hills and dales. Their dress re-.
sembles the Canadian toboggan
costume.
Ski running offers a decided
chance for one to show his skill
and some remarkable exhibitions
are given. In the capital of Nor
way is a sharp bill named the
Holmen Kallen where tourna-
ments are held through the winter,
and especially around Christmas
when Christiania is in festive
array. Prizes and >honors are be-
slowed on the most skilled con-
testants, ladies frequently carrying
off the laurels. The run, as it is
called, is commenced at the top;
midway the snow is banked up to
a height of seventeen meters or
more (about fifty feet), over which
the runner must go. If he keeps
his equilibrium through it all he
is generally the victor and is
given donors on points, very much |
as is done in different sports in
his country.
To the people of northern Nor
way the skis are indispensable.
The Laps also could not do with
'ut them. They pass their time
lerding their reindeer and the ski
s to them what the broncho is to
he American cowboy.
VIKING
The mirror. (Stillwater, Minn.) 1894-1925, 1903-01-15

six banks which had boon issuing
notes, and, while permitting them
to continue such issue, restricted
it to the average for the preceding
year. Additional issues may be
made against coin held, but there
is special clause requiring all
such coin to be kept at the head Of
fee while notes must be redeemed
at the Office from which they
we're issued. The total author
lied circulation for Ireland is
G6,354,494. The actual circulation
has ranged from 97,266,OOO in
1916 to 95, e85,OOO in 1887 and in
1849 fell as low as G4,31O,OOO.
That there is urgent need for
reform in the United States cur
rency will be at once seen by OBJ
serving that there are now out
standing $50 millions of silver
dollars and silver certificates which
are only worth 40 cents on the
dollar in gold, and there is no
obligation on the government to
redeem them at any higher price;
and this money may be used by
the banks to redeem their notes,
for it is lawful money. Another
striking feature is that with
TO- 56 banks of all kinds in active
operation in July last. having de-
posits of nearly ten billions, the
total circulation, even if it were
possible to corral it all in the yari-
GUS banks, would not have been
sufficient to provide a reasonable
reserve for an emergency which
might only approximate panic.
In considering any proposed
amendment one should bear in
mind that there are between 1000
and 5000 national banks and if
control of the currency is to be
given to them it must be subject
to such supervision and guarantee
as will be universally recognized
as adequate to secure, certain and
immediate redemption in the in
ternational medium of exchanges:
i. e., gold; for it would be impos-
sible for ordinary persons TO keep
posted as to the stability of each
OF these banks. In this connec-
ton it is we'll to notice that for a
good part of the present year, not
withstanding the great prosperity
of the country, the banks of the
reserve cities have failed to keep
their reserves above the statutory
limit.
Secretary Shaw's suggestions to
allow the national banks to issue |
notes against general assets under
a government guarantee, the gov
eminent providing against loss by
q tax of l per cent, and further to
retire the United States notes and
make silver currency redeemable
in gold at it's face value, ought to
find favor in the eyes of most
people who have looked into the
provided this tax Of l
per cent will be sufficient.
That it would have more than
covered all loss under the existing
system is by no means conclusive,
Tor an entirely different set of con-
litions will apply. E. G. A.
The mirror. (Stillwater, Minn.) 1894-1925, 1903-01-15
5 MODERN BANKING AS IT AFFECTS THE CURRENCY.
|,>-~~...:ssssss~~.~| ~ {~~~-.-Sszi::...~~~. ,,,
ided the same was properly

secured.
There are two kinds of bank
which have power to issue notes
viz, State and National. "
The former are regulated &C
cording to the laws of the severa
states under which they are organ
ized, and these regulations are
almost as varied as every known
theory Of banking. They have
ceased, however, to issue any Of
their own notes, in consequence Of
the prohibitive tax of 10 per cen,
imposed on the same since the act
Of congress Of February 1865
authorizing national banks.
! The latter Irrational banks) are
required to have a capital of moi
less than 100000, which must be
fully paid up within the first six
months, and they must at all times
maintain reserve equal to 25 per
cent of their outstanding notes
and deposits. They must deposit
United States bonds to the amount
of at least one quarter of their
capital stock and may increase
this deposit as much as they
please, receiving in exchange for
all these bonds from the comp
troller of the Currency notes equal
to 80 per cent of their face value.
The maximum circulation Sc
cured by bonds reached prior to
1891 was S35O,692,966 on Deem
Der l, 1878, but it steadily declined
till in 1891 it was $125, 66O,361
and has since risen to 1867, OO7,-
1872, on November l, 1902. The
total currency Of the United
States is about equal to $29.36 per
capita of the population, while in
1900 it was only $4.99.
The regulations of banks of
issue under the Canadian system
require full paid up capital of
not less than 100000 and a con-
tribution to a safety fund in the
custody of the Minister of Finance
equal to 5 per cent Of the average
circulation, and exact double
liability on shareholders to the
extent of the note issue, and notes
are made a first lien on the gen
eral assets, besides bearing inter
est at 8 per cent in case of
suspension by the bank. Their
circulation is limited to the
amount of their capital.
The noteworthy feature of the
English system is the absolute
monopoly of issue given to the
Bank of England by the act of
1914, if we except the vested in
terests of some smaller banks
which were specially reserved and
whose total issue is limited to a
little over G4,000,OOO. Under the
provisions of that act the Bank
was directed to set aside in an
Issue Department G14,QOO,OOO in
government securities (since in
creased to 916,SOO,OOO) and all
the gold coin and bullion not re-
CURED in the banking department.
The latter was to receive back
notes in value exactly equal to the
total amount.
These notes are legal tender
everywhere except at the Bank and
it is customary for
Ill other banks to keep their re-
serve almost entirely in notes and
10 deposit gold with the Bank of
England.
Under the Scotch system there
ire ten banks which were in ex-
stence when the English act of
1914 was extended to Scotland in
1916, and they were allowed to
continue issuing notes against
heir general assets to the extent
# the average circulation they had
ssued during the previous year,
The mirror. (Stillwater, Minn.) 1894-1925, 1903-01-15
Paper Read Before the chuutauqua Circle.

6 Il TIE recent meeting OF
3Il$ the Bankers Association
3J IS one of the most prominent
g ( questions discussed Yves
s { that of an amendment to
,$1I3 the existing law which
{ y 5 should make more ade-
A"S auate provision for an
elastic currency. It is also men
toned in the Presidents message
ito Congress and in reports of the
Secretary of Treasury and Comp
stroller Of Currency To arrive at
the real merits of the question
necessitates comprehensive study
of the history of the various sys-
TENS of currency in use through
out the world, or at least those
used by modern civilized nations,
but as this would take too long I
shall rest satisfied with a brief
comparison of the regulations
governing the existing system in
the United States ana those of
Canada, England, Scotland and
Ireland.
The entire development of the
existing system has been from the
establishment of the Bank of Ven
ice in 1887, when foreign coins were
received at their bullion value and
certificates we're issued promising
q return Of bullion of the same
value of standard weight and
fneness.
The requirements of commerce
snecessitated the introduction of
some additional means Of making
payments other than the actual
transfer of specie for two reasons:
The total supply Of precious met
ais was insufficient and the cost
of transportation was too great,
even when there was sufficient to
be had
This necessity has given rise to
the modern system of paper cur
rency and the very much larger
volume of transfers by means of
credit entries through the banks
and clearinghouse. In these
transactions currency is only used
to settle the balance remaining
after cancelling the various credits
against each other, and experience
has proved that the specie actually
needed may by these means be
reduced to less than one fourth of
that required previously.
The currency at present in use
in the United States consists of
gold, silver, nickel and copper
coin, treasury gold and silver GER
tifcates, legal tender notes and
national bank notes. Treasury
certificates are merely warehouse
receipts for bullion deposited and
call for a return to bearer Of a
similar amount and quality on
demand. Legal tender notes had
their origin at the commencement
Of the civil war. In 1861 Con-
gress authorized loans in several
forms, one of which was nom
bearing notes of denom-
nations less than $50 payable in
gold on demand, at the subtreas-
uries in New York, Boston and
Philadelphia. At first they were
not legal tender, but the banks re-
fused to receive them except as
special deposits and on the banks
suspending specie payments on
their notes the government was
obliged to follow suit and they
were made legal tender, and adj
aitional issues were put in circu-
alton, until on March 81, 1866, the
total face value was 1922, 424, O07.
This amount was gradually re-
luced till may 1878, when law
was passed forbidding the retire.
nent of any more, and the amount
has since stood at $346,681, O16.
El independiente. [volume] (Las Vegas, Nuevo MeÌxico) 1894-19??, 1903-04-02
cRIMEN ATR0Z.

Pedro Gutierrez, pastor deove-
ias fue encontrado asesinado Il
una milla del rancho de ovejas de
Franz Brinck, cerca de Boswell,
& quien cuidaba el ganado. Gu.
tierrez tenia 4 su cargo una par
tida de carneros en las Tomas ba-
jas que quedan 4 siete millas de
Roswell. LA Ultima vez que 10
vieron iue el Martes al mediodia
dando aqua q rebano. ll Mar
tes 10 hallaron muerto juntO i la
lumbre de su campo. Habla sldo
atacudO mientras ulmOrzuba,
pues su cafeteria, tarro dc miel y
plato de hoia de lata estaban d
su lado. Dieronle dos golpes de-
tr6s dc la cabeza con una haeha,
In cual iue halladu ALI cerca llena
de sangre. Juzgandc por 81 Ire
chO que los carnerOs estaban
todavia on el corral se puede su-
pOner que el asesinnt0 fu6 conc
lido muy de mahana.
El independiente. [volume] (Las Vegas, Nuevo MeÌxico) 1894-19??, 1903-04-02
UN BAND0LER0 EN- BR0MA.

La semana pasada Sc anduvo
en- esta corte de distrito de Santa
Fe la causa de un sujeto llamado
George Bashford, que en- In po-
blaci0n de Tres Piedras atent0
robar ell la estafeta de dicho lu-
gar y estando enmascarado Y
con pistola EN- mano oblig0 Il los
que Sc hallaban dentro de dicha
estafeta 4 alzar las mauos V Il
someterse 4 sus 0rdencs. I'll acu
sado SO confes6 culpablc del deli.
to, pero al mismo tempo Sc ex.
cus0 afrmando que todo el ne
gocio habia sido solamente una
chanza o bromu y que jamds fue
su intenci6n bacer NADIA. Iista
afrmaci0n la corroboran algu-
nos testigos de la localidad, al
paso que otros alirman que el
atentado fuG de veras yque Bash
ford es un malvado y desalmado
v un hombre malo on todos res.
pectos. I'll Juez McIfie 10 senten-
ci0 q dos amos de pIisi0n en- la
penitenciarfa, peroaI mismo item.
po suspendi6 la seIiiencia y 10
dej0 libertado baio condici6n de
que Sc marchara inmediatamen.
te del territorio y no volviera 4
pisar su suelo. Excusado es de.
cir que esta sentencia Salom6nica
fuG muy del agrado del NAL he.
chor
El independiente. [volume] (Las Vegas, Nuevo MeÌxico) 1894-19??, 1903-04-02

Ella de opinion sobre alguna cues
ton polftica 8 dc otro g6nero, la
ventaja estaria siempre del lado
do los de Ia plaza nueva polque
ALI todos los la1itantes pueden
unirse para un fin determinado,
al paso que la plaza vieia no 10.
dria haber tai union porque la
discordla y las rivalillades m6-
tuas 10 impedirian De aquf Sc
sigue que la plaza vieia de Las
Vegas seria virtualmente anexa-
da y Sc convertilsa en- el dominic
y propiedad de IL plaza nueva,
no teniendo para 81 mas privile.
gios Y derechos que aquellos que
su anna Y dominadora quisiera
otorgarle, y baja tales eircuns-
tancias Sc puede suponer que bien
pronto su influencia en- los trami-
ties municipales y politicos serfa
enteramente nnla. En- vista de
10 expuesto, dejando en- 81 tiutero
muchas otras cosas que no e.
prudente nj propio decir ahorn,
nuestros convecinos y amigos de
Las Vegas pueden obrar como
les parezca EN- el asunto. 81 con,
sideran In union con la otra pla
"a como propia y ventalosa, pues
adelante y que Sc lleye i cabo
81 por el contrano opinan que
de tai union podrian surgir dis
cordias v desayenencias desagTa
dables, ent0nces "lo mejor de lo'
dados sera no jugarlos, pues NJ
hay necesidad nj obligation d,
IqGe hagan cosa alguna que no LEI
convenga. Para este asunto q
necesarlo que todo el pueblo ex
prese su opinion y que no preten
dan unos cuantos llevar adelan
te el negocio por medic de alga
radas Ell que no tengan part
muchos do los tiGlladanos. /,
pueblo es el que debe decidir, y
creyere que es convenlente la mi
| on con la otra plaza Y balO Ii
nueva ley pasada por la legisla
| tura no hubiere otro medic para
evitar la anexi0n que instituyen
do la incorporation en- la plazi
vieja ent0nces el remedio eSta ei
su mano y pueden hacer come
mejor les convenga.