davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1903-06-21

land hotel. City officials were among the hosts. also Henry Bosworth recently nominated for state treasurer Among the others present were John Skan, president of the board of councilmen; Alderman E. J. Allen, L. J. Barkley and J. H. tipping ton. City Solicitor c. w. Miller, Magis- trate John Payne, City Jailer John Mas ner, superintendent of public works, J. McD. Ross, M. Furlong and J. l.. Wat kins.
 No Troops for cynthlana.
 There is no doubt that the request of Judge Osborn and the Harrison county officials for no troops at Cynthiana will be observed until enough feudists from Breathitt county should come there to make the situation threatening. The next regular term of court of Cynthiana Is not until September but the announcement of Judge Osborne that he would likely call a special term early next month to try Jett and White Is believed to have had much to do with the conferences that are being held here now.
 Residents Want the Troops.
 Frankfort, Ky, June 20. = Governor Beckham this afternoon received a tele- gram from Postmaster Hurst, Mrs. J. B. Marcum and other residents of Jackson asking for the continuance of the provost guard established by the militia. In re- sponse he assured them. that he would continue to do all in his power to pro- tect the people of Breathitt county. No order recalling the troops has been is- sued as yet. They will be held there pending the calling of another special session of court to investigate the burn ing of Ewens hotel and the attempt to bribe nim in the Jett case. The governor Is pressing the empaneling of a special grand jury for that purpose
The Birmingham age-herald., 1903-06-21
Wynne Wanted to Know ThInas.
rulIoch Made PIaIn casea

It Is true that nearly three years ago Nr. &. w. Tulloch ex-cashier of the
The Birmingham age-herald., 1903-06-21

Continued on Sixth Pase).
The Birmingham age-herald., 1903-06-21
Display of Fashion.

Chicago did it's best for the big race. The derby is made the occasion for the greatest outdoor display of fashion every season. and this year fairly outdId all previous derbies. The grandstand. en- larged for the occasion. was packed to the roof. The infleld was almost com pletely covered by the hundreds of fash
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1903-05-05

cent of ammonia and 2 per cent eli foi
ash. Throw i bed over this w.jh Z gugn-
ing plow or scooter With such prepare
tion the soil viii D. wsll drained ana
Will soon grow warm and he ready to g.
ceiSe the seed. This viii prevent thv
cold rains from enfeebing tn rlant
The amount or fertilizer which shouIl
be employed on cotton land d,pe, da a
great deal upon the nature and condition
OF the soil. the character of th. sr.Sanv
and the time OF planting The nest liant
crs use from SEQ 10 zoo pounds IL thc
acre. BY indicious fertll cation thr ma
turity Of the crop Is greatly hastrncd aud
many bolls that would h, uuproductlye
viii have sufficient time Tor fruitae. The
climatic area is thus increased Ne
chanical treatment should not Is asrc-
garded however. for this Is as important
as fertilization. Indeed. fertilizers Nlll
have little effect upon soils badly grg-
pared. Cowpeas when sovn as antec,drnt
crop and well manurcd IS probably th,
best preparation which can bc made foe
the cotton crop. The usual plan is to cut
of the vines for hay or forage or gather
the peas at maturity. or depasture thcm
and turn under the stuhble Experiments
show that barnyarI manure when applied
directly TO cotton crop does not bring
about the same profitable results as II
applied the preceding crop The rota-
tion generally practiced Is for thrce years
small grain. corn. with which peas are
sown. and cotton All or these crops
should be fertilzed.
Cotton should never bc planted urtil
the ground is warm enough 10 insure tbs
ready termination OF the seed other
wise the plant will be stunted For the
present season no advantage viii result
in planting before May. owing 10 h
large amount Of moisture. which VIII he
! held in the subsoil Late planting IS
| much TO be preferred when fertilizers arr
used, because the fertilizers will stimu-
/ late it's growth and the cotton Will nor
4 suffer from cool nights because OF the
presence of the thick mat OF grass, Whirh
soon covers the ground, even though il
( be too cold to germinate the cottonsccd.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1903-05-05
"A Word With Farmers HbOUt COktOn

In the extreme Southern States the
cotton crop demands the greatest at
tention. Much of it is planted in May
put III Texas and the extreme southern
parts of Alabama, Mississippi and Louis
lana 1t is ready for cultivation and thin
ming out. This spring, however, is an
exceptional one. The long continued
rains have set back cotton-p planting
fuily twenty to thirty days, and it Will be
surprising if the amount of the crop
Of 1903 is not considerably reduced. 1t
is by all odds the most valuable crop
grown in the South and the most val
liable textile crop grown in the world.
Every year demonstrates the rich legacy
which the Southern people have inheri-
ted in their cotton fields. Cotton clothes
more people than all other materials
used for that purpose, and the South
ern States alone can produce it in such
quantity and with such regularity and
of such quality IS the world demands.
Egypt grows a cotton with a staple
long, strong and silky, intermediate in
length between the upland cotton OF the
South and the Sea Island cotton CT Geor-
ga and South Carolina. 1t is unsuited
for the requirements of the spinners
either in Europe or America. India
COltOu has d SNORT Staple, ana is IN Qe-
mand only for special uses, and not for
general consumption. Just before the
breaking out of tho O-vil War four-fif
of the cotton consumed in England came
from America. The supply was cut of
by active hostilties in the United States
and by the blockade of the Southern
ports, so that in 1868 less than 1 per
cent. of the cotton received in England
was grown in the United States; in
1864; in 1864, TX per cent; in 1866, 81
per cent; in 1876, 62 per cent. Mean
while the importation Of India cotton
into England had fallen in value from
S1S5, 600 900 in 1866 to $40 600, eco in 1876
American cotton during this period Of
stress sold for prices ranging from thirty
Clnts to 81 per pound, and at those prices
it was taken in preference to India cot
ton at much lower price With all the
ncoura cement given to the growing of
cotton by the British government, its
production in all the East Indies for the
year 1902 was estimated to be $4,000
bales All other cotton growing coun
tries except the United States including
Egypt Brazil, Peru. etc, aggregated L.,
200 900. The United States during the
same year made 10, 76S, 600 bales, or five
times as much as all the balance of the
world combined, and it all grew IN the
Southern States except about per cent.
Recent attempts through the auspices
Of the governments of Germany and Bel
gium have been made to grow cotton in
Eastern and Central Africa. Educated
negroes from Tuskegee Institute, thor
oughly competent, have been sent out to
direct and supervise its cultivation. The
reports are by no means favorable. The
staple is short, the yield scant and the
markets bad Turkestan in Aslatic Rus
sia grows about $50, 900 bales, but none
for exporta ton.
The planters in the South have. there
| fore, everything in their favor EgyDt IS
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1903-05-05
BY COL. J.R kILLEeREW.

almost rainless. and the cotton growers
have to fdepend upon hrrigat .Jn. Tle
same may be said of Peru In India
most disastrous droughts alternated with
floods and whitening heats prevail and
the cotton crop Is a most uncertain guam
tity. The area adapted TO the production
OF cotton in Turkestan will barely reach
10000 square miles. Irrigation is neces-
sary to produce crop. as In Egypt. The
| Southern states have nothing 10 fear
from any source.
Within recent years the use OF com
mercial fertilizers in growing cotton has
become general. and sometimes has been
extended beyond the line OF profit Too
little attention has been paid TO the MAX
ing and saving OF domestic fertilizers
On an average, however, the fertilizer
bills have been justified Mr. John Hyde
/ Instituted a few years ago an inquiry as
to TIE profit and loss in the use OF fer
tilzers in the growing of cotton. The
conclusion was reached that the increase
of expense for fertilizer leads to the in
crease Of profit and that the point OF
diminishing returns was not reached in
the total for the five States, South Car
clina, Georgia, Florida, North Carolina
and Alabama. although Sc and over per
acre was the maximum paid for fertili-
Zers, and the minimum under 81. Mr.
/ Hyde says
The planters who spent from 81 to
$1.99 per acre for fertilizers had aver
age profit of 500 per acre those who
spent from 81 to $2.99 had an average
profit Of 1914, those who spent from SO
to $3.50 had an average profit of $5.9l,
those who spent from 81 to s4.99 had an
average profit of $7.96, those who spent
from 50 to $3.50 had an average profit of
$9.76, while the planters whose fertili-
zers cost them per acre Sc and over had
an average net profit per acre Of $12.51.
1T will thus be noticed that increase
! of expense for fertilizer in cotton rails
inG apparently leads to increase of profit,
and further, that, as far as this table
disclOSes, the point of diminishing re-
turns was not reached in the total for
the five States that are included, and
where it was reached apparently in any
State, the result is probably chance
one, due. to the small number of re
turns
The best soil for cotton is a clayey
loan, but many planters prefer a silic-
eous soil on a clayey subsoil, because it
is warmer, more easily cultivated and
| equally as productive. The width of the
rows is very much governed by the fer
tility Of the soil. On soils with an orlgi-
nal poverty of constitution thrde ITO
three and one-half feet is wide, enough.
On the soils in the YazCo and Red
River valley lands, with their exuberant
fertility, four to five and even SIX feet
is not too wide. The planter must be
governed largely by the probable size
to which the plant will grow. When the
cotton rows are laid off follow with a
| long shovel ploW or subsoiler and in
the bottom of this put about 300 pounds
OF ammoniated superphosphate The best
cotton fertilizer now used contains 10 per
cent OF available phosphoric acid, per
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1903-05-05
The Negro Question

! notice in your issue Of Farmer AMI
Mechanic Of the 14th an important article.
'.The Race Problem, etc. JOY :. a. steel.
took substantially the same grounds n
1S64-thirty-nine years ago. In pamph
let, Object Of the Administration in
Prosecuting the War, published at Wash
ington, | showed that according To the
census the free negroes OF Massachn-
setts were thirteen times IS immoral as
tie whites taxing the criminals In the
penitentiary as a basis. But the negrocs
of Massachusetts were to the whites as
to 109, consequently that the percentage
Of negroes in proportion to the whites.
was so small that the increased immo
rality Of the negroes had no visible effect.
But if they should be freed and ultimate
" become thirteen times as immoral in
certain OF the Southern States where the
blacks exceed the whites in number. the
effect would be ruinous. There IS q copy
Of said pamphlet in the common library
at Washington. 1t was necessary to fec
the city to avoid arrest. The truths in
said pamphlet should be made public and
were not Tyson poor it would ere this
have been done.
BRYON TYSON.
Aprl q, 1903
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1903-05-05

gallons placed in it at each churning.
After the butter has been separated it is
placed in a large bowl, cCld water added
to harden while working, and about one
ounce Of finely pulverized table salt to
each pound of butter After working
the butter is moulded into pound cakes
and is then ready for marketing or table
use. While / personally look after the
care, feeding and milking OF the cows
and the distributi of the skim milk
it is but fair to state that my wife su-
perint2nds the cream and butter depart
ment. The butter has always a nice
flavor, rich golden color and we have
never had occasion or any desire to use
butter coloring. If the COWS are We'll
fed, properly milked and the cream is
turned and churned at the proper tenn
perature, the butter should always have
rich color. provided also that the COWS
are a breed of the butter dairy strain
Milk is often placed close by the fire
in the cold weather and turned" under
too high a temperature. II is then
churned either too warm or too cold.
In such cases the butter will be white,
and the quality that should be secured
greatly reduced. Water should never be
placed i'll the milk, or cream, either be
for while churning. Any person who
becomes habituated to the use of an
abundance of rich milk and butter feels
its absence on the table severely. Milk
supplies the place of coffee with the
members Of my family, and I am salts
fed we are all better off physically with
out coffee.
Rich cows milk is nourishing to the
human system, while coffee not only agi-
tates the nervous system, but IS largely
! the cause OF many attacks of Indigestion.
A cup of hot coffee is doubtless q boon
to many old people, but young and mid
die aged people nave no need for it.
never permit calf to see it's mother
after the second or third day of its
birth. The calves are housed together
on separate lot and fed on skim milk
until they are old enough to eat other
/ food. They are quickly taught to drink
the milk from a vessel and then the
only trouble is to fill a bucket and place
i it before them twice a day. Skim milk
should always be fed to the calf warm
at least until it is six weeks old.
Pigs that are fed on skim milk Will
make much more rapid growth than
those fed on I have tested this
/ fully and can make the statement as 2
fact. They are also healthier and make
much better physical development.
don't see how any man can operate q
farm without cows and pigs neither do
understand how some people in the
country can live without an abundance o.
milk and butter on their tables every
Cay in the year There can certainly be
no good excuse rendered by any man for
not supplying his wife and family with
! a good cow in this fair southland where
! forage, grasses. clover and all kinds OF
fcodstuffs can be so cheaply grown. But
the number Of COWS in the South is rap
! idly growing and this indicates progress
along the line discussed in this article.
HARVIE JORDAN.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1903-05-05

While the world consumption of cot
tor is gradually increasing, it is also q
fact worthy of note that the production
of cotton bids fair to be considerably
increased within the next few years.
The South has long had a virtual mon
opoiy of the cotton business but if the
efforts being put forward by Eng
land, Germany and France count for
anything, the tine VII come when other
countries VII have to be taken into
account.
Each of the above countries has its
Cotton Growing Association whose pur-
pose it is to encourage cotton growing
in their respective colonies, Particular
~ in western Africa and central Asia,
where considerable headWay has already
been made.
According to The London Times, the
British association recently sent two ex-
perts from America to Lagos, west At
RIGA to instruct the natives in the
growing of cotton. 1t declares that
similar experiments are also being made
in other portions Of west Africa and in
the West Indies.
syndicate, it says, formed in Rho
desia has applied for expert to give
instructions in that country, while at
tention is also being paid to the cot
ton industry in the Soudan.
1t is claimed that the cotton grown in
those countries is equal to American
middling" and the promoters are very
much encouraged at the outlook,
1t is claimed that q very considerable
supply has been obtained from cent? al
Asia for the Russian mills, the industry
in that country being aided by the Rus
sian government.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1903-05-05
COMPET ET|1|ON FOR OUR COTTON PLAN TERS

The Indian crop is steadily increasing,
as is shown by a recent report from
Consul General Patterson, who notes that
the crop of 19GO-1901 was $500, 600 bales
Of 400 pounds each: that of 1901 1902 was
310Q GOO, and that this year is estimator
at $500 900 bales He also declares that
cultivation of cotton has made marked
progress in the United Provinces, as also
in the Punjab and the northwest from
tier provinces. Records are established
for the Central Provinces, Berar, Hyder-
abad and there are large increases IL
central India, Rajputana, Madras and
Berma. The area under the early
crop in Bombay however is "a per cent
less thar in 1901, which was very ia
vorable year Low inundation has con-
tracted the area in Sind, and there is
decrease in Bengal, Indicating a steady
decline in the cotton crop in the presi-
dency
While it is apparent that the Euro
peans are doing all in their power 10
render their mills independent Of the
American supply, by developing the
growth of cotton in their colonies, not
enough has as yet been accomplished to
affect the market, It being estimated
that the increased yield has been no
more than enough to meet the increased
demand for the staple. The time may
come, however. when Asia and Africa
will figure to very considerable extent
IN the worlds cotton market; and this
is q matter that the Southern farmer,
Will do we'll to keep in mind. Fortunately
he is learning to depend to an extent on
other. crops than cotton, so that ne is
absolutely Independent, no matter what
comes-Atlanta Constitution
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1903-05-05
BY HARVEY JORDAN.s

drawn in small can it can be poured
into the large can and made safe from
probable loss by kicking or overturning,
as sometimes happens in the ordinary
COW lot. The person who does the milk
ing should have perfectly clean hands
and water to bathe the udder before
milking. The milk should be carried
from the barn soon after milking as
possible and deposited in a cool place.
60 as to get rid Of the animal heat and
prevent the rapid multiplication of the
bacteria microbes which causes milk
that is warm to quickly sour
GETTING THE CREAM.
While my family is comparatively
SMALL | get from 10 to II gallons of milk
daily from the COWS milked four in
number which give from 21a to gallons
each The milk is conveyed to the sep
arator, Il II gallon machine, immedi-
ately after milking, morning and even
ing. The cream rises in about 60 min
utes and the skim milk is drawn off and
fed at once to the calves and pigs, while
It is fresh The cream is drawn off and
deposited in jars, the cream from three
milking being mixed for one churning
In this way we churn every day or every
other day. These simple cream sep
arators can be bought for from s. to $40
each, according to capacity desired, and
are a wonderful Improvement over the
old plan Of handling the milk and cream
together | get an average of 20
pounds Of butter per week, and after US
ing all that is needed for domestic re-
qurements find no trouble in disposing
of the surplus at good prices in our local
market. l make no effort to run a dairy,
/ to dairy standards, but it pays one we'll
to have the skim milk for the calves
and pigs, besides the butter sold will pay
the cost of feeding and attention. Ny
cattle have a splendid Bermuda pasture
i but in addition to this the milk cows
are fed cotton seed meal and hulls all
/ they can consume night and morning,
and wheat at this season Of the year.
HANDLING THE BUTTER.
1t requires ordinarily about two days
| for the cream to turn or be ready for
churning. No new cream IS added II to
is hours before churning. The separator
and milk vessels twice day are wash
ed first with cold water, and then
scalded out with hot water. leaving the
hot water g1obules to dry off, this is
better than drying with cloth. The
vessels are then placed in a cool room
or hung up outside to air thoroughly.
! The cream when turned is placed in a
4 barrel churn which in the course Of
about so minutes active agitation will
] separate the butter fat from whatever
milk there may be left in the cream to
give buttermilk. l do not think any
churn yet invented is superior to the
barrel churn, several patents of which
are on the market.
In using a barrel churn any other
make, there should never be placed in
| the churn more milk than half the ca
pacity of the churn, for instance q 10
gallon churn should not have more than
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1903-05-05

According to statistics in Farmers s
G4.de.' a ton of 1000 pounds of COW
manure contains, omitting fractions
nitrogen eight pounds, potash eight
pounds and phosphoric acid five pounds,
making q total of twenty-One pounds of
--a4t food per ton. The nitrogen here IS
lag e IN excess of the requirement of any
crop grown On the farm, and, if tie
manure be applied in this unbalanced
3,"le. there will be much unnecessary
waste. In order to avoid this waste and
0a1-e the manure to act to the best pos
@LJ'e advantage it should be balanced be-
Iofe It is applied to the soil by the
oilition Of proper quantity Of potash
'AH phosphorlc acid
In order to ascertain the quantities of
'"e missing clements it will be neces-
-''| 20 employ as a standard for com
poI'son, properly balanced fertilizer for
.o-e particular crop We will take for
,''S standard a properly balanced fcrtil
,<'i lot corn, which should contain nj
.o-sH per cent, potash per cent,
,'- lhosghCric acid per cent The
D''a5h and Hhosphofic acid of the COW
'H''e should be Increased until the
s'sHlS OF plant food therein are
7a1 10 the same proportion of those
'-4 commercial fertilizer, 2 7, g. To
~ '''iS lAe potash and phoSphoric acid of
g.. 20" manure should be increased un-
viii, gl each ? pounds of nitrogen there
cf Oe pounds of potash and 6 pounds
pAosphorc acid.
IL we, by increasing as aforesaid
rC,,-, 'L.e elements Of plant food, il
'-'.'S' r-l,' IN ton of cow manure to the
ss,1 p'''-on CT 2, 7, 6, it is virtually the
c5aI came as the percentage of the CONNER
nYc, 'I'l =. .l'iizer, but the latter is of a
fero "gher grade, as I will show be
get through.
i. f. -.e 80 commercial fertilizer the potash
for. ~ sle nitrogen as I is to . There
rc. we take 7.2 (seven halves) of the
msn"ro 1r.los Of nitrogen in ton of COW
pot@sb we will procure the quantity of
een necessary to balance said nitro
w5y |"'eh is 2S pounds. In the same
trogent .'A halVes) of the pounds nj
give the phosphoric acid neces-