davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1903-04-02
THROURaAD IT Oh.
Twould Spoil This Story to Tell 1t In tho
Head1ines.

To use an eighteenth century phrase,
this is an "o'er true ta'e." Having
happened in O. small Virginia town in
the winter Of 1902, it il story very
much o. the pre,eDt. Up TO d short
time ago Mrs. John e. Harmon of Mel
ia Station, Va , had NO personal
knowledge Of the rare curative prop
critics OF Ghamberl aims Cough Rene
dy. "Laet January" she says, "my
baby took ~ dreadful cold and AZ one
ZINE | feared she would have pneumon
III, bat one Of my neighbo"s to d m
how this reredy had Cur, her little
boy and | began giving 1t 10 my bAuy
At once and it soon cured her. | heart
lily thank the manufacturers Of Cham
erl aims ,Coug Remedy for placing so
great q cure within my reach. l can
not recommend it too highly or say too
much in its favor. l hope all who read
this will try it and be convinced as I
was For sale by Hanson & Emer-
son.
y !. -
Sweet Breath
is never failing sign Of a healthy
stomach. When the breath is bad the
stomach is out of order. There is NO
remedy in the world equal to Kodol
Dyspepsia Cure for curing indiges-
ton, dyspepsia and all stomach dis
orders. Mrs. Mary S. Crick, of White
Plains, KY, writes: II have been a
dyspeptic for years-tried all kinds of
remedies but continued to grow worse.
BY the use of Kodol I began to i'm
prove at once, and after taking few
bottles am fully restored in weight,
health and strength and can eat what
ever like. Kodol oigests what you
eat and makes the stomach sweet
Hanson & Emerson.
!. i. r.
DANGER OF COLDS AND GRIP
Tn, greatest danger oldi and
grip is their resulting III pneumo MIA
If reas enable care is used, however
and Chamberlain Cough remedy
taken, all danger will be avoided
Among tho tens OF thousands who
have used this remedy for these dis
eases we have yet to learn OF a single
case having resulted in pneumonia
which shows conclusively that it is
certain preventive Of that dangerous
disease. 1t will cure a cold or an at
tack of the grip in less time than any
other treatment. 1t is pleasant and
safe to take. For sale by Hanson &
Emerson.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1903-04-02
Rooms For Rent.

Rooms For Rent.
I have rooms to rent, in the Lake
Shore house, suitable for families and
light housekeeping, If desired. Fine
lodging rooms. Apply to Anton Lar
son.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1903-04-02
Good Results In Every Case

DR.. j. Bishop, Agnew, Mich, writes:
81 have used FOLEY'S HONEY AND
TAR in three very severe cases Of pneu-
monia with good results in every case"
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1903-04-02
3 I %

DR.. e. Detchon's Anti Diuretic.
May be worth to you more than 500 if
you have child who soils bedding from in
conference of water during sleep. Cures
old and young alike. 1t arrests the trouble
at once. 81. Sold by Fiesler & McNeict.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1903-04-02
Cured Of Terrible Cough on Lungs

N. Jackson, Of Danville, ILL.,, writes:
"My daughter had severe attack OF
La Grippe and terrible cough on her
lungs. We tried great many remedies
without relief. She tried FOLEY'S
HONEY AND TAR which cured her.
She has never been troubled with a cough
since.'
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1903-04-02
Saved Her Life from. Pneumonia

. my wife had severe attack Of Pneu-
monia which followed case ~ La Grippe
and believe that FOIET'S HONEY
AND TAR saved her liie," writes James
Coffee, of Raymond, Missouri.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1903-04-02
Competent. Nurse.

l want nursing. I have had some
experience. My price is $1.00 per
day. Can be ready to 60 at a minute s
office. MRS. T. G. MCKAY,
Sank Centre, MINI.
71S Birch Street.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1903-04-02

The disease of Liver Complaint j
alarmingly prevalent and dangerous
Mull's Pioneer LIVER Curehas brougi
healthto ahostofsufferers. S1.00dra
in each OIL 90 box rs guarantee. 25s
For sale by Hanson &Emerson.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1903-04-02
Lost, Found, For Sale, Etc.

FOR RENT-Furnished rooms. In
quire at the Germania House. 7-1l-3t.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1903-04-02
Well Again.

The many friends of John Blount
will be pleased to learn that he has en-
tirely recovered from his attack Of
rheumatism. Chamberlain Pain
Balm cured him after the best doctors
in the town (Monon, Ind. had faileo
to give relief. The prompt relief from
which this liniment atfordss is alone
worth many times it's cost. For salt
by Hanson g. Emerson.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1903-04-02
SEVFRE ATTACK OF CUP
Cured by Gae Bottle OF Chambal
lain'S Cough Cure.

Cured by Gne Bottle of Chamber
lain's Cough Cure.
"When I had an attack Of the grip
last winter (the second one) I actually
cured my self with one bottle OF Cham
berlain's Cough remedy" says Frank
w. Perry, editor Of the Enterprise:
Shortsville, N. Y. "Th;s is the honest
truth. I at times kept coughing my
self to pieces by taxing a teaspoonful
of this remedy, and when a coughing
spell would come on at night would
take a dose and it seemed that in
the briefest interval the cough wond
pass off and Iwould go to sleep per-
fectly free from cough and it's accom-
panying pains. To say that the RENE
cy acted as a most agreeable surprise
is putting it very mildly. had no
idea that it would or could knock out
the grip, simply because had never
tried it for such purpose, but it did,
and it seemed with the second attac
af doughing the remedy caused it t"
not only be Of less duration, but The
pains were far less severe, and had
not used the conte uts of one bottle be-
fore Mt. Grip had bid me adue." Scr
sale by Hanson & Emerson. '-,~~ -
i. + i.
Now's the time. to take Rocky
Mountain Tea; it drives out the mi
crobes of winter; ltbuilds up the stom-
ach, kidneys aud liver. A wonderful
spring tonic that makes sick people
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1903-04-02

75c a dozen. delivered at the meat
market. of Reid & Son, or at my
farm on Fairy Lake.
J. r. FoRKNER
Nasal Catarrh quickly yields o.
treatment by Ely's Cream Balr
which II agreahy aromatic, IL
> receive through the nustrils, cleanses
and heals the whole surface over
which it diffnse> itself. A remedy for
nasal catArrh which Is drying Or ex-
citing To the deceased membrane
should no' be used. Cream Balm is
recognized ~ a specific. Price 81
cents at druggists or by mail. A cold
in the head immediately dissapears
when Cream Balm is used. Ely l}ros...
IS Warren Street. New York.
Many School Children Are SIckly
Mother Gray's Sweet Powders for
Children, used by Mother Gray, d
nurse in Children's Home, New York,
Break up Colds in "a hours, cure Few
erishness, Headache, Stomach Trou-
bles, Teething Disorders, and Destroy
Worms. At all druggists, 25c. Sam
pie mailed FREE. Address, Allen S.
Olmsted. Leroy, N. Y. PIP 6
DR.. G.. L. HUGHES,
Physician and Surgeon.
Chronic Diseases Speciality.
PHYSIOLOGICAL TREATMENT
AND MASSAGE
Saue Csnae.
FOR RENT
Two good farms, miles southwest of
West Union. Apply to
MORSE BROS,
Sank Centre.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1903-04-02

Cured When Very Low With
Pneumonia
NV. Bryan, Of Lowder, ILL.,, writes:
"My little boy was very low with pneu-
monia. Unknown to the doctor we gave
him FOLEY'S HONEY AND TAR.
The result was magical and puzzled the
doctor, as it Immediately stopped the
racking cough and he quickly recovered"
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1903-04-02
Colds Are Da ngerous.

only cold," and few days later
learn that the man Is ON his back with
pneumonia. This is of such common,
occurrence that cold, however slight,
should not be disregarded. Chamber
lain's Cough Remedy counteracts any
tendency toward pneumonia. 1t al
ways cures and is pleasant to take
Sold byIHanson & Emeason.
j + h -
For liver troubles and constipat, on
There's nothing better in creation
Than Little Early Risers, the famous
little pills
They always effect a cure and save
doctor bills.
Little early Risers are different from
all other pills. They do not weake
the system, but act as tonic to tn
tissues by arousing the secretions an
restoring the liver to the full perform
ance OF it's functions naturally. Han
son & Emerson.
If yon want an axe of any kind
go to Hillerud q Co.'S and purchas
one at discount Of one-third.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1903-04-02
Broke Into His House.

s. LIE Quinn of Caveudish, VT, was
robbed of his customary health by in
vasion of cronic Consti patton. When
DR.. Kings New Life Pills broke into
his house, his trouble was arrested
and now he is entirely cured. They
are guaranteed to cure, 25c at Fieslel
& McNeice's drug store.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1903-02-04
LEssLER CHARGE SUSTAINED.
House Naval Committee Calls on At
torney General for Action.


torney General for Action.
WASHINGTON, D. c., Feb. 3.-The
committee on naval affairs of the
house today agreed upon a report in
the LeSSler bribery charges in relation
to the Holland submarine boats. The
following are the findings:
I. That the charge made by Mr..
LeSSler that an attempt had been nflde
to cOrruptly influence his action re-
specting proposed legislation is Sus-
tanned by the evidence; such attempt,
in the opinion of the committee, haV-
ing been made by one Philip Doblin,
on his own initiative and responsible
ity, with the idea of making money for
himself if he should find Mr.. Lessler
corruptly apprOachable.
20. That there is no evidence to
sustain the charge of an attempt by
Lemuel E. Quigg to corruptly influence
affairs respecting proposed legislation
pending before said committee and the
house.
49, That there is no evidence to
sustain the charge of an attempt by
the Holland Submarine Boat company
or any of its agents to corruptIy in
fiuence a member of the committee on
naval affairs respecting proposed leg
islation before said committee and the
house.
TN view of the foregoing we rec
Ommend that the clerk of the commit
tee be directed to certify to the attor-
ney general of the United States a
copy Of the testimony taken at the
hearing with a request that he take
such action as the law and the facts
warrant"
A minority report was submitted
with the same conclusions. except that
1t finds the charge that an attempt
was made to corruptly influence Rep
resentative Lessler was not sustained.
By vote of to 6 the committee
decided against the proposition to au-
thorlze additional submarine torpedo
boats
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1903-02-04
GRIND IN BOTH HOUSES.
Senate Passes Army Staff Bill as In
dependent Measure.


WASHINGTON, D. c., Feb. 3.-The
senate today passed without objec-
ton or discussion the Elkins bin to
further regulate railroad transporta-
ton. 1t was called UP by Senator
Clapp.
The army appropriation bill passed.
The provision establishing a general
staff was eliminated. Later the indie
pendent measure identical in proViS-
ions with the general staff section of
the army bill was passed, after having
been reconsidered to permit the incor-
poration of an amendment by Mr..
Berry placing the chief of staff eX-
clusiVely under the direction of the
president. The bill now goes to con-
ference.
Mr. QuarIes continued his remarks
in opposition to the statehood bill. He
spoke for two and a half hours without
concluding.
Mr.. Quay inquired what had become
of his two amendments to the Sundry
civil and agricultural appropriation
bills, embodying the statehood bill,
which had been reported by his com.
mittee.
Mr.. Beverage characterized the ac-
ton of Mr.. Quay as an extraordinary
procedure. Mr.. Quay replied that there
was nothing unusual about it. A bill
passed providing for free domestic Dis
on public lands for actual and bona
fide settlers in the north half of Col
vile Indian reservation, Washington,
and reserving the public lands for that
purpose.
The house spent practically the
whole day on claims bills comirE OVER
from last week. Mr.. Payne, the floor
leader of the majority, fought them all,
but succeeded in defeating only three
bills. General debate on the poStoffice
q
Mr.. Robb (Mo.) spoke on the trust
question
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1903-02-04

mission under the control of the pro-
posed department. proved to be the
principal feature of difference, the rep
resentatives of the house standing out
stiff1y for the house provision and the
senate's representatives contending as
firmly for it's illumination. All the
senate conferees, Messrs. Hanna, Nell
son and Clay, stood together on this
point The house conferees indicated a
Willingness to accept the amendment
suggested by Senator Nelson and in
dorsed by the senate committee on
commerce for the control of trusts. and
members of the conference committee
express the opinion that the provisions
will be incorporated in the bill without
substantial change.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1903-02-04
Orleans Street, West Side.
Ramsey Street, North Side.
Dayton & Irvine's Addition
Randolph Street. South side

~N' VIZ OONIII oIUG
Supposed Owner and
C.;d description. On, Benefits.
& Omaha r. f. Co.-IIot
section II, town %, range %,
Except Banholzer's part) =. $404. 60
Beck & Breckinridge's Addition.
Supposed Owner and
Description. Lot. Block. Benefits
Thomas Hyland .... 500 OF
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1903-02-04

Saturday evening, Jan. 81, and the
stock was subscribed for as follows:
1858 men subscribed for 81, 1926 shares,
class E, composed of men who receive
salaries of $500 to $4,000 a year SUBJ
scribed for 29,013 shares, 14,200s men
subscribing class F, which is composed
Of men who receive $500 or. less In
wages, subscribed for 15,03S' shares,
1910 men subscribing
The board of directors voted to- aiIot
to class F all the stoek they subs crib-
ed for; and to class E go per cent; class
d 80 per cent; class d 80 per eent:'
class { 20 per cent; class B go per cent
and class A so per cent of the stock
for which these respective classes SUBJ
scribed.''
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1903-02-04

Rheaume's Subdivision Of Lets / and .
Block 3, St. Paul North Out Lots.
S1f,,1anSad Cru1,n1 and
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1903-02-04
Point on Bankruptcy Law.

ST. LOUIS, Mo, Feb. 3.-In an opin-
ion handed down by the United States
circuit court Of appeals Judge Caldwell
held that congress, in passing the bank
Fuptcy act, had not attempted to ex-
empt from state taxation any prom
erty of a bankrupt in the possession of
trustee. The. power of taxation is a
purely legislative, not judicial func-
t1on, and no bankrupt court has anv
more right than. any other court n
exempt from state taxation properly
of a bankrupt in the hands Of an Off.
Ger of the court which is liable to tax
alton.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1903-02-04
New Chinese Steamship Line,

SAN FRANCISCO, Cal. Feb. 3.-Hok
Fong and Kan Ming, president and vice
president of the China Commercial
Steamship company, have returned
here from the Eastern states and Mex
leo, where they have been making
final arrangements for the new oriental
steamship line. President Hok Fong
says that the first steamer of the line
will leave Hongkong on March 81.
calling at Shang Hal, Yokohama. Hon
olulu and Manzantillo, Mexico. On the
return trip the steamer will call at San
Francisco and thence go direct to Yo-
kOhanla
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1903-02-04
Canal Treaty Rennrted.

WASHINGTON, D. c., Feb. 3.-The
Panama canal treaty was reported to
the senate in executive session today
by Senator CulIom, chairman of the
committee on foreign relations. He
did not make an effort to secure con-
sideration of the treaty, but stated that
the committee had agreed to report it
unamended. Senator Morgan offered
in the senate the amendments to the
treaty which he had offered in COM
n1ittee. They were ordered printed.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1903-02-04
Geranlum Street. North Side.
Stinson's Rice Street Addition.
FelzIs Subdivision of Lot g. Block Q, st.
Paul North Out Lots.

Supposed Owner and
DescriI ton. Lot Block Benefits.
Vim. F. Moritz -. 2 $72.32
Schneider Young and Morrisette's Subdi-
vision Of Lot I, Block ., ST. Paul North
Out Lots.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1903-02-04
MAY COMPROMISE
ON STATEHOOD
MATTER
Talk of Admitting oklahoma,
New Mexico and Arizona,
Some Now and Some in
the Future, Indian Terri
tory to Be United With
Oklahoma.

WASHINGTON, D. c., Feb. g.
There was again today considerable
talk about the senate of the POSSIBLE
ity of a compromise on the statehood
proposition. { suggestion, which APP
pears to meet with some favor on both
bides of the controversy, is that the
two territories of Oklahoma and New
Mexico be admitted as states, and thu !
Arizona be united with New Mexico
until the area now covered by that
territory includes 100000 people, when
it shall become state, and that Okla
homa be admitted as it now stands,
but that at some definite time in the
future Indian Territory should be add
To =
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1903-02-04
Manomin Street, East Side.
Marshall Avenue. North Side

Merriam's Encouragement of Blocks "a
70, 26, y, % and 29, Merriam Park.
Supposed Owner and
Description. Lot. Block. Benefits.
VIM. B. Gerry .......15 25 $27 80
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1903-02-04
SENTENCED FOR CRIME
IN THE PHILIPPINES
j. M. BeeFan Is Charged With Forging
and Duplicating Public Documents

WASHINGTON, D. c., Feb 3-In clos
ing up the fiscal accounts of the Philip
it was discovered that the accounts of
James NJ. Beehan. disbursing officer for
the board of health for the Philippines,
Of Auditor Lawshe he was arrested and
tried on charges of forgery and dupiicat-
ing of public documents and sentenced to
Imprisonment for twelve years. Beehan,
who is from Massachusetts, was appoint
ed in 1891.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1903-02-04
Confirmation Of Assessment for Sewer on
: jackson Street, Valley Street to Como


Office of the Board Of Public Works
CITY OF St Paul, Mimi, Jan. 29th. 1903.
Fhe assessment of benefits costs and
expenses arising from constructing a sew
-er on jackson street. from Valley street
TO Como avenue, in the City Of st. paul.
minnesota, having been completed by the
Boafd or Public Works in and for said
city said Board will meet at their 5ffice
ia sad city, at p. m. on the~16th day
OF February, A. d. 1903, to hear Gbiee-
tons Gf any to said assessment. at
which time and place, unless sufficient
cause is shown to the contrary. said as
seSSment Will be confirmed by said Board
Ihe following is a list of the supposed
owners names, a description of the prop
erty benefited and the amounts assessed
against the same, to-wit
Anton and Sherburne's Addition.
Supposed Owner and
Description. Lot Block. Benefits.
JOIN Low ..'........ IL 500 90
Dawson and Smiths Addition
Supposed Owner and
Description. Lot. Block. Benefits.
Bartholomew COnnel-
~ 3 SOS 80
Thomas F1aherty go 65. 90
All objections to said assessment must
be made in writing and filed with the
Clerk Of said Board at least one day
JOHN S. erode.
OffciaE r. L. GORNIAN.
Clerk Board of Public Works.
Feb. 4-1903-1t.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1903-02-04
Expecting Trust Prosecutions.

WASHINGTON, d. c., Feb. 3.-sen-
ator Fairbanks, from the committee on
judiciary, today reported favorably the
bill providing for the expedition of
antitrust proceedings in the federal
courts. 1t directs the circuit courts to
give preference to such litigation over
all other cases upon the representa-
ton of the attorney general, and also
provides for the appeal of all anti
trust cases to the United States su-
preme court instead of the circuit
court of appeals.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1903-02-04
a
STEEL CORPORATION
MANAGES TO EXIST
Largest Number of Untitled Orders on
Hand 1t Ever Had.

NEW YORK, Feb. S.-A meeting of
the directors of the United States Steel
corporation was held here today. At
its close the chairman gave out the
following statement:
1.-THE subsidiary companies of the
corporation at the present time have
orders on their books for over $500. 600
tons, which are the largest untitled
booking that they have ever had.
1.-THE books for subscription to stock
under the profit sharing plan closed on
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1903-02-04
GeranIum Street, South Side.
Stinson's Rice Street Addition.

Pottgleser's Subdivision of Lots to 16,
Welde d Dawson's Garden Lots.
Supposed Owner and
Description. Lot. Block. Benefits
Helen Eisenmenger -. 6 2 $56. 80
Vim. Kusewan ...6 81 40
Ransom's Encouragement of Lots 1. 2. 8,
A. of Weide & Dawson's Garden Lots.
Supposed Owner and
Description. Lot Benefits
Mary z. Morona ....23 $22 O3
Gordon Avenue, East Side.
ST. Anthony Park North
Supposed Owner and
Description. Lot. Block Benefits
Hill Carter ..9 80 S6114
The City Of st. Paul,
alley in ........... 80 81 40
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1903-02-04
To Investigate Ruhonic PLAGUE.

WASHINGTON, d. c., Feb a.
A bill was introduced today by Repre-
sentative Slayden, of Texas, providing
as follows:
That to prevent the spread of the
bubonic plague. now prevailing on the
Pacific coast of Mexico, the president
is authorized and directed to send a
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1903-02-04
HaqqIinq Over Commerce Bill

WASHINGTON, D. c., Feb. g.
-Fhe senate and house conferees on
the bill creating the department of
commerce held their first conference
today, but adjourned without reaching
an agreement. The house provision
comforting on the president authority
to place the interstate commerce com
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1903-02-04

commission Of three medical officers of
the army and navy to investigate and
report the conditions as to the dis
ease there prevalent.
The bill carries an appropriation of
$4,000 to aid the Mexican authorities
in their, efforts.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1903-02-04
Confirmation of Reassessment for Sewer
on Mississippi. cayuga and Granite
Streets

Office of the Board of Public Works.
City of st. Paul. MINI, Feb. ., 1903.
The reassessment CT benefits costs and
expenses arising from constructing a
sewer on Mississippi street from the
Great Northern Railway to Cayuga
street; thence on Cayuga street, from
Mississippi street to Walton street and
on Granite street from Agate street to
Mississippi street, together with the nee
essary catchbasins and manhOles (judg-
ment having been denied as to certain
property by the District Court of Ra.na-
sey County, Minnesota), in the CITY Of
st. Paul, Minnesota, having been COM
pIeted by the Board Of Public Works. in
and for said city, said Board win meet
at their office in said city, at 2 D. M,
on the 10th day Of February, A. D. 1903,
to hear objections (if any to said re-
assessment at which time and place,
unless sufficient cause is shown to the
contrary, said reassessment will be con-
frmed by said Board
The following is list of the supposed
owners names a description of the prom
erty benefited and the amounts re-
assessed against the same, to-wit:
Edmund Rfce's Trout Brook Addition to-
the City of ST. Paul