davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1903-08-02

one of the besD grades of hard wheat.
The hardest stocks were selected in
the first place and from year to year the
weaker plants have been culled and the
more hardy retained, until now the OBJ
ject in view has almost been obtained.
The experiments at the station are
conducted under the superintendent of
Prof. Willet M. Hayes, the agriculturist
of the institution
| Securing the best foundation stocks,
is. of course, requisite of primary i'm
portance and after these have been
collected from all parts of the world,
they are tested in the field, in the mill
and In the bake room. To produce
seed that is adapted to all parts of the
state different soils have to be used in
the tests, and reliable averages are
compiled of the results from each test
for comparisons. Before any. of the
seeds are distributed to the farmers
thorough tests of them are made at the
experiment station.
improve Ssed-in Nursery"
1t is in the nursery at the expert
ment station that the work of 1mproV-
ing the seed COMMENCES This nursery
isdiyided into plots of various sizes
and as the experiment advances the.
plots are increased in size until they
attain the size of a tenth of an acre.
The initial stage commences in what
is called ""centgener'' which is 81
inches square. In the center of this
100 plants are placed four inches
apart. Around them is placed border
of different species. of grain. two
plants deep. There is an alley left be-
tween each centgener Is inches wide to
permit of the Workmen passing be-
tween them and. Whensthe plants have
ripened. the outer border is discarded
and the alley is increased to width Of
"a inches.
The seeds are planted by hand at
depth of one and one-half inches and
carefully covered The plots are culti-
waited by means of small hand wedding
claws, as soon as the plants have ap-
peared, and as often afterwards as
the condition of.the soil or the pres
ence of weeds may require. Whenever
two plants are found in one hill. one of
them is removed. The harvesting is
mainly a question of elimination. The
two border, roNss are first clipped off
and then all the plants except the best
are cut out. Notes Of the best plants
are taken and the, heads are saved in
envelopes.
Inferior Plants Needed Out.
In going over the plot the first time
about half the plants are removed.
Half or more of the remaining plants
are, taken out on ia second inspection
and after the third or fourth visit but
or 10 per cent of the original num-
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1903-08-02

sown the next season again in centge-
ners. After choosing the best plants
from the best centgeners the remaining
seeds are harvested in bulk and at
once multiplied. The best plants only
are, of course, kept for further breed
ing.
Briefly the method adopted is to Sc
cure in the first place the varieties for
experiment that yield the largest crops
and plant a large number Of the seeds
the first year in the nursery. By the
method explained the choicest plants
are selected for mother plants. From
each of these the second year a hum
dred or more plants are set out. From
the strongest stocks the strongest
plants are chosen with which to con-
tinue the breeding.
Strongest Stocks Saved.
After discarding the poorer plants
of these strongest stocks of the second
year the seeds in bulk are saved from
the remaining plants. This bulk seed
is used the next year to plant a small
field plot. The following year there
is sufficient seed to SOW a twentieth of
an acre plot where it can be regularly
compared with the other wheats in the
variety tests. When the twentieth acre
plot is harvested there is sufficient seed
to supply seed to other stations. By
testing the varieties several times the
average yields show the relative values
of the varieties.
s. At least the larger part of the new
varieties may now be discarded and
only those of greatest promise re-
tanned.
After testing a wheat for one or two
years it is milled and the flour tested.
If the test is satisfactory the field tests
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1903-08-02

4 Mightiest of American monolithsi
Eight,they are. One by one they will
soon rear their magnetic heads in the
great choir of the Cathedral of st. John
the Divine, that wondrous pile which
|. is slowly rising atop Morningside
Heights, supporting the spire that will
tower above.
|. Each monolith represents $4,000. 1t
costs $1,000 to bring each one to New
York city from it's native bed in the
quarries at Vinal Haven, Me. Each
one is the gift Of some rich man o.
woman in memory of some one who is
dead. Thus do the living hope to keep
alive for centuries to come the name of
the one who has gone before. But the
givers will be gone, too, before the
mighty cathedral stands a finished
piece Of architecture.
For two years past scores of men
have been at work turning out these
monster stones, each one So feet high
and feet in diameter.
The Significance of Failure.
Wonderful work, indeed, from a
twentieth century standpoint, have
these men produced, but perhaps moth
ing about their task has been quite so
remarkable as the manner in which
they have failed-for they have DEM
onstrated that in the hewing of mono
liths the United States, with all its
boosted mechanical proficiency, is yet
behind the record of ancient Greece
and Rome. 1t was $500 years ago that
Thothmes made bigger monoliths than
theSe-aOd his were made each of one
piece of stone. Rembember that. Each
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1903-08-02

en- and no time is lost with the weaker
varieties.
Process in Detail.
From some of the largest spikelets
all the floretS are removed except a
dozen of the strongest ones This is
Done before the florets are ready to
blossom. that the anthers may be re-
moved before they break open and
cause self fertilization. The anthers
having been removed from all the flow
ers the spike is covered with tissue
paper, tied above and below To nre
vent the entrance of foreign pollen.
Pollen from the plant used as the male
parent is secured by selecting anthers
winch are ripe and they are inserted by
means of tweezers into the florets of
the plants used as the female parents.
From to rs per cent of the flowers
handled produce seeds, but all of these
are not true crosses, as shown bv their
resemblance to the mother plant only.
self pollination having occurred.
Several Wheats known to be true
crosses have been developed by multi
plying the seeds from single mother
plants of the second to fourth genera
ton after the cross. and in each case
little or no variation has occurred
among the plants in the field Years
are required to properly select the
progeny of cross bred stock so as to
secure the most useful varieties.
The process of developing wheat va
rietles has been described, as it is the
one that has been given most attention
at the station. but the work on the
other grains is carried on along the
same general lines.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1903-08-02
choate,s Bon Mot on pepcsn.

"There is a town in Western New
York" says Chauncey NJ. Depew. chat
bears my name. and in this town some
persons by boring tapped natural gas
Well. and thereupon formed The De-
pew Natural Gas company. limited. Mr.
public occasion. when both were set down
for speeches. He had the last word
After dealing with other matters he drew
from his pocket the prospectus of the gas
company and read it. Then he looked the
company over. looked at me- and. reading
the title at the head of the prospectus.
queried with quiet emphasis: Why linn
ited? Boston Post
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1903-08-02

There is probably no more interest
ing feature of the extensive work done
at the state experiment station than
the lettering of the grades of wheat
and other grains, that is done by care
flu! breeding" as in the case of horses
and other live stock.
The plan adopted in the case of the
grains and cereals is much the same as
that adopted by the horse breeder
Just so surely as the latter knows that
the crossing of different strains of
blood will produce a certain class of
horse, so does the grain breeder know
that by crossing different kinds of
grain, he can produce kind that is
best adapted to thrive under certain
climatic conditions and produce more
abundantly than the common grade.
Experiments along this line have
been conducted at the Minnesota ex-
pertinent station for the past ten or
twelve years. and the success that has
been attained with wheat and other
grains has served to encourage the di-
rectors of the work to yet greater eff
forts.
The work is necessarily slow, as it
takes from five to fifteen years to orig
mate and test new varieties in some
cases. The results are, however, be-
coming apparent at I've present time
and hereafter tangible results along
many lines will prove the value of the
work.
The improving efforts are directed to
all the standard field crops, among
which are included corn, clover, barley.
field. beans, flax, millet, oats, rye, spring
wheat winter wheat, timothy, bronze
grass, alfalfa, sugar beets and stock
beets.
Great Results With Corn.
One of the great results of the ex-
periments with corn has been the pro-
duction of a variety that ripens from
ten to fifteen days earlier than the
common kind of dent corn and. there
by, the dent corn belt has been push
ed many miles northward and We
acreage increased to a very larga ey-
tent. This variety of corn is ks1- .
at the farm as Minnesota No. Is, aud
it not only ripens earlier than the old
variety, but the yield has been much
increased. It was evolved from good
corn got ten or twelve years ago. and
by careful selection has improved
every year. It is considered the best
variety for growing for ears and is
grown thickly with splendid results for
ensilage and fodder.
With wheat the results have been
successful all along the line and farm
ers, by using the seed improved at the
station, have increased their yield on
an average of about two bushels to the
acre.
A variety of hard Fife wheat was
taken as the basis of the experiments,
and in 1899 the improved article was
distributed to the farmers for trials.
With exactly the same care bestowed
upon the new kind as was given to
the common grade that was sown
alongside Of it. the new seed produced
2.8 bushels more than the old at the
experiment station. and in trials by
farmers all over the state the new
wheat produced an average yield Of
18.1 bushels against 1877 for the old.
What Increase Means.
AS an increase of one and one-half
bushels is worth 81 an acre. it is cas-
lily seen what an immense matter the
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1903-08-02
0 a6Qe Is ded by Science I'm @ Improvement OF Grains
STATION

are continued for number of years IN
til it is finally demonstrated that new
wheat has been developed that is of
special value. The wheat is then sold
to the farmers who have good lands
free from noxious weeds and who will
raise crops of the seed for SALE E
Much success has attended the efforts
to obtain a good cross breed wheat,
and the experiments are being extern
sively continued. To secure stocks for
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1903-08-02
Description of a Collision Between
Comet and the Earth.

BY Camille FIammarion.
tor gazed silent and awe-struck,
holding his very breath in a stupor
of fear, the vault of Heaven
seemed rent aSunder from zenith
to horizon, and from this yawning
chaSm. as from an enormous
mouth. was vomited forth jets of
dazzling greenish fame, envelop
ing that all who had not already
sought shelter, men and women,
the old and the young, the bold as
well as the timid, all rushed with
the impetuosity of an avalanche
to the getaways, already choked
with people. Many were crushed
to death or succumbed to apoplexy,
lirium resulting in brain fever.
Computation has indicated that
the earth would penetrate the heart
of comet as a bullet would pen
citrate a cloud, and that the
transit, reckoning from the first
instant of contact of the outer
zones Of the comets atmosphere
with those of the earth, would
consume four and one-half hours
"a fact easily established, mas
much as the comet, having a diam
eter about siXty-five times that of
the earth, would be traversed, not
centrally, but at one-quarter of the
distance from the center, with a
velocity of about $4,000 kilometers
per hour. Nearly forty minutes
after the first instant of contact,
the heat of this incandescent fur
mace and the horrible odor of sui
phur became so suffocating that
a few moments more of such tor
ture would have sufficed to destroy
every vestige of life.
The crisis had passed. Little by
little men recovered their self
possession, rejoicing in the mere
fact of living.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1903-08-02
Oliver Wendell Holmes Terrible Dream, 81 Comet

The Comet He is on his way.
And singing as he flies;
The wizzing planets shrink before
The spectre of the skies;
All! Well may regal orbs burn blue,
And satellites turn pale;
Ten million cubic miles of head,
Ten billion leagues of tail!
And what would happen to the land,
And how would look the sea,
If In the bearded devils path
Our earth should chance to be?
Full hot and high the sea would boi
Full red the forests CLEAN;
Methought / saw and heard it all
In dyspeptic dream!
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1903-08-02

successfully grown in this state by
reason of a hardy enough seed not be-
ing obtainable. The desired result has
not yet been obtained in its entirety
at the station, but results have already
been obtained to encourage the di-
rectors in the hope that they will
eventually succeed.
Even if a wheat can be obtained that
will be hardy enough to withstand
three out of five winters the five years
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1903-08-02

Der remain. The preference is generally
given to plants which have several
culms of about the same height and
large, well flied heads. Each of these
selected plants is given a nursery num-
Der. The spikes are cut off without
any straw and placed in the envelopes.
The seeds are afterwards weighed and
judged as to quality or grade and other
necessary notes made of them. Sever
al Of the best plants are chosen and
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1903-08-02

saw a tutor tak&his tube
The Comets course to spy
] heard a screanthe gathered rays
Had stewed the tutors eye;
I saw fort-the soldiers all
Were armed wish goggles green;
Pop cracked the guns! whiz flew the
Bang gave Went the Magazine.
I.saw the OK that browsed the grass I
Writhe in the ssblis tering rays:
The heritage in, his shrinking jaws I
Was all .fieEy blaze;
l saw huge fishes. hoiled to rags, 4
And, thoughts Off supper crossed my 4
soul;
7 had been rash at mine. 4
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1903-08-02

would be more productive with the
winter wheat than they would be with
spring wheat on account Of the great
er productiveness Of the winter va
riety.
Many varieties have been expert
mented with but the best results have
been attained from the Turkish Red,
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1903-08-02

production of a seed that will do this
is to the state of Minnesota. Any
where from 100000 to 100000 acres in
the state We're sown with this i'm
proved wheat this year.
Similar results have also been ar
rived at with blue stem wheats. and
one variety has been made to produce
nearly six bushels more to the ace
than the mother plant. OF the seed
distributed anioiigrs the. farmers in
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1903-08-02

crossing, the varieties are first taken
into the field crop nursery in full
frames of bulk seed, and are then care
fully selected for two or more years.
From among these stocks strong yield
ing plants are taken for the parents of
crosses. Thus the best plants are TAX
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1903-08-02

en- and no time is lost with the weaker
varieties.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1903-09-02
IMPROVE MAYNARD
Estimates for Year Ending June 80,
1905, Submitted.
INV Associated Press.)

(By Associated Press.) Ar
WASHINGTON, September l.-Eatt-
mates have been submitted to Rear Ad-
rnIrnl Endicott chief Of the Bureau OF
Yards and Docks, for the improvements
and expenditures at various navy yards
for the fiscal year ending June soth'
1905.
Pensacola, Fla: Total. s2b45,bl5, which
includes central power house for depart-
ment OF yards and docks. 800; ma
chInery for the same, sl15 900; shop and
office building for the same, 500, 900; con-
crete and granite dry dock, 81, 10000;
wharf and vessels under repairs, $685. 900;
quay wall 100000,
Key West. Fla; Total, s375,57o, which
includes to continue quay wall, 100000;
additional lands, $4,000
Charleston. s. CT Total, &a,840,0o0 who'll,
includes extension OF store-house, sl.O,ooQ;
ward power house and equipment, $la5 900;
quay walls, 100000; nler No. 49, 100000;
eoallng pier and plant. $3.50 900; dredging
for piers, entrance to dock, $780, 600; float
Ing crane 500 900: dry dock No. !, $780,
shin filters shop, $780, 0O; smithey. $4,000
heat shops, $4,000 ~
Port Royal. S., CT; Totals, A,s6De1e'
which Includes two stone and concrete
dry docks, $4,000. 900; quay WALL sl.l47N0Q
dredglng basin and widening channel,
s5oo, 0O;sraIroad from Burton Fill to sta
ton, s25s.O00,
New Orleans. La, Tatal, sa.sl6,1OO. which
includes electric light power plnnt exten-
sion s2a0,OO0; improvement of water front,
" 10000; electric conductors and ppe
subway, 100000; paving and dltches, sla,-
ooD; railroad SYSTEM SLIT, 900; brick boun-
Diary wall, sld0c0 naval supply fund
store house. $4,000; boat shop, $4,000;
naval hospital, $l5O,00o: ordnance sllop aud
offices, $4,000, nsstS ~ N; IA Il
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1903-09-02
COTTON MARKETS,

NEW YORK, Sept 1.-The cotton market
opened weak at decline OF s0l4 points undcI.
heavy realizing and liquidation as result OF
the low cables and better crop news. Ibere
was no lick Of bull support however and 1os
a time tic u.arket huuS around the opening rs,
ure, then as out.of.towu selling orders came
10 declined to q level net lo9e3 points lower
on the active list. thia point ooerlnGs ps.
came slightly less insltent and good buying o.
rract,oi.. September Ea!n'ug about y ana t ra
latter mtpths firm o416 points. At the ngures
The weekly Weather Bureau report was !esd,
and while mentioning about the extent OF ac,
.tiora ton expected. proved to have been pretty
well discounted, it, Immediate cnect was ~
adJunce OF 4 or s points. but this was a!nost
INN edi stely lost, and during the balance OF tns
seapion prices showed M almost unlnttertup'ea
The close was barely steady, eggs points
lower Sales were estimated AZ ooo,no oa!es'
Tho opening declines both here ana A. L ~
erponl were attributed very largely to she
special crop condition report 81 tue Jo4lhA o.
Com merce, showing the condition to % pest
Tor this period for several years past. aug 70
have gained 20 per cent. during the !ast Hlontn,
TEis. report was cceptsd a. eulae % ny
probable showing Of the MiS ng 5opHis!
opinion az to the crop outlook. Ine Wsa,nes
reported was also OF . bear:ah average, altnoaEa
tempesa lures continue low In some seet!ons, tna
movement rsmaiuing very small. Iha spot w
,uatlon continues strong aud SPOT eales Wcte 70
.rnrted to-day In the New York market ~
some 2,368 bales, including 1000 los etpott'
1888 to spnners and 100 delivered on co9t[ae y
Spot prices were unchanged on the pasls Of !a''o
tor wtddltpg uplspds. 4alt
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1903-09-02
MURRAY A. STACY
A Very Pretty Marriage at Highland
Park on Monday,

A Very Pretty Marriage at Highland
Park, on Monday.
VI he home OF Mr.,and Mrs. Ellis Stacy.
of Highland Park was tho scene Mon
day OF quiet but exceedingly pretty
marriage, when their daughter, Miss Mar
gazette Louisa, Stacy, became the bride
OF Mr.. Wade ~ Murray, Of Harrlsnnhurg,
Va
The decorations Of ferns and potted
plants. mingled with the soft glow OF col
orcd lamps. made a pretty background
for the bridal party, Tho ceremony was
performed by the Rev. Mr.. Boggs IN I'M
pressve manner
The stately bride was exceedingly hand
some In her trailing robes OF white taf-
eta silk, with pearl ornaments, and her
long bridal vsil shading the beauty OF
her vivaclous face. The groom II. tho
son Of George w. Murray. OF Harrison
burg. Va, and. with his brother, Ia en-
gaged In the contracting business.
The attendants OF tho couple We're Miss
Maggie Ltchheld, who was In white mus
lin. with brides roses, and Mr.. frank
Stacy, the brother OF tho bride
Dainty refreshments were served at the
close 9f the wedding scene, after which
the bride and groom took tho 1850 train,
followed by the many wishes Of their
frlendsi for q long and happy voyage
upon the journey of life. 7
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1903-09-02
GARY STREET WILL
TAKE HALF HOLIDAY
Commission Merchants Cross
Bats To-Day in Hot Game.
Old Riyalrlos Crop Out.

One Of the most Interesting diamond
contests OF the summer will occur this
afternoon, the contestants being the COM
mission merchants OF the north and south
side OF Cary Street.
These gentlemen, separated by the
stream OF WAGONS and vehicles OF every
description have LONG nursed q rivalry
ana they have bid and underbld each other
for Years. Now they are to cross bats
and vary the warfare e. they he are SO a :,
toned TO wage s WARM go, sonfsst Is e ~
over TO tho office boys for management
ana proprietors who DO not play VIII 90
to root, Realizing the roofing abilities
OF the average small hoy, some OF the
merchants Mil close their stores and all
hands viii be found psrohed on tho bleach
cries, lhe game WI a bs n sailed at the
Broad Street Park az 4'ao O'clock
charged men, while ladies' viii be wei
coined free Of charge
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1903-09-02
n'cARTHY COUNCIL
Great Strides Made BY This Body Dur
n ing the Year.

ing the Year.
THE meeting OF Mccarthy Council, Roy
al Arcanum on Thursday night next Mt
Lee Camp Hail. promises to be q notable
and interesting one, Mccarthy Council
during the last year, made @ greater
numerical gain thnn any other council
In the state. Under the leadership OF
Regent James G. Bowman, the we'll known
manager. Of the Great Atlantic and Pa
cifc Tea Company, Ibis council has done
wonderful work for the advancement Z
the Royal Arcanum In this city, The
regent proposes to lnaugurate n vigorous
campaign this fall looking to the further
increase Of the membership Of tho coun-
Gil, Among the matters scheduled for this,
meeting Is the Consideration Of a plan
for the reception OF the Grand Regent,
Rev, II. II. N1cFaden. OF Lynchburg, VINO
will be present on the night OF October
1st making at that time his annual WIS.,
!tation to Mccarthy Council,
The Grand Regent has arranged for
meeting Of the Executive Committee OF
the Grand Council5@to be- held IN Rch-
mond on Il the morning Of the lst, and
therefore 1t Is expected that Mccarthy
will have the greater honor Of cntertain-
Ing a number Of distinguished Royal Ar
canumites from various sections Of tho
State.
At this, the first meeting OF the fall
months, it is expected that n large num-
her OF the enthua!astio membersl of the
council will be on hand to take part IN
the proceedings Of the session.
a class of three or four candidates Will
be introduced to the mysteries Of the or
der, and thereby provide insurance for the
home they represent. siyF$s