davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Beltrami Co., Minn.) 1903-1904, 1903-08-17
THE INDIAN QUESTION.

Hamlin Garland, Indian author
ity and prolific writer on western
topics, has created sensation in
Chicago by his defense, in a lee
ture, of the Indian and his ways.
Mr.. Garland said white men
do not now understand and never
had understood the Indian and
he shocked his audience by de-
claring that Anglo-Saxon civil
ization was not the only civilN-
alton and that Christianity was
not theSonly religion. Continuing
he said:
1.-THE history of the 'civilizing
march of the white man from,
the Atlantic to the Pacific has
never been written from the red
mans point of view. When it
is written, most of the mas
sacres' will appear as fair,
pitched battles, and the out
RACES will be found never to
have happened at all. Reports
of nine tenths of all the Indian
outrages in the southwest were
absolutely without foundation.
eve say to the Indian: Be
like US or we will kill you. For
my part I do not want to live in a
world where the people all drink
ice cream soda and wear the
same kind of clothes.'
What Mr. Garland says of the
s'ciyilizing march is true enough,
for has not the white man been
many times Unjust in his con-
demnation of Indian tactics in
their wars of defense against the
enroachment of the whites? If
the white men won a battle, no
matter under what conditions, it
was called a victory, but if the
Indians We're victors and many
were killed it was invariably put
down as a massacre. Take the
Custer massacre for example,
A massacre is always a stain
upon the nation by whom it is
practiced, as it cannot be affected
without violent breach of
confidence. and direct act of
treachery. How, then, can the
Indians be said the have mas
sacred Custer and his brave fol
lowers? Was there a breach of
promise or an act Of treachery
on the part of the Indians? For
weeks they had been bounded by
the soldiers and driven from one
camping ground to another.
Finally Custer caught up with
them. His force was outnun-
bered many times over. yet he
made a rash bid for fame and
glory by charging down upon
the horde, well knowing that his
chances for victory We're slight.
His one intent was to kill andcap-
ture. His plans miscarried; he
and his mea We're killed, not
massacred
The daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Beltrami Co., Minn.) 1903-1904, 1903-08-17
Praises America.

Guayaquil, Ecuador. Aug. l6.-Con-
gress was convened here yesterday.
President Plaza, in his message warm
ly praised the action of the American
government ia fulfilling it's promise to
grant Cuba her independence.
The daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Beltrami Co., Minn.) 1903-1904, 1903-08-17
Three Men Garroted.

Havana, Aug. 16-Three men we're
garroted yesterday in Santa Clara
province for the murder and robbery
of planter-All claimed to be inno-
cent and refused the ministrations of
a priest
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-09-07
COTTON CABLES DEPARTMENT
Says Turkey Has Two WarshIps at Beirut
Town Outlet,


Town Outlet.
ls; Washington, Sept. THE navy depart
ment day made public the following
from Admiral Cotton. regarding the Turk
ish situation. dated Beirut, Sept. 4:
"Vice Consul shot but uninjured. The
Turkish officials have informed consul
Constantinople the arrival Of the United
rest. 1t Is suspected that they had at
tackled the vice consul. I cabled Friday
afternoon to the American minister at
Constantinople the arrival Of thte United
States squadron. The American minis
ter has nothing to communicate. have
strengthened the American representa-
tives position by pronounced recognition.
The American consul and the vice consul
accompanied me in my call on the Turk
ish governor and the Turkish general and
were present at their call on board the
Brooklyn The Turkish officials very
cordial ~. ."
The Turkish general is here. The fol-
| lowing Turkish ships are here:
| One small gunboat, one armored cruiser.
Usual courtesies exchanged. Have con-
| ferred with the consul freely will con-
| fer with other prominent American citi-
| zens Sunday and next day. I shall re-
quire full statement in writing OF the
situation at Beirut. The presence Of the
America nsquadron inspires a feeling OF
security in all the foreigners and Chris
| tions. Cotton.
The cablegram has been communicates
to the president and to the state depart
ment, but no instructions have yet beeer
sent to Admiral Cotton.
The navy department to-day was In
formed Of the arrival of the Machias a
Port Said. Her orders when she lef
Genoa were to proceed to Port Said, Goa
and await further orders.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-09-07

Constantinople, Sept. War between
Turkey and Bulgaria Is now regarded here
as inevitable. 1t Is even believed that
the outbreak CT hostilities will occur before
the end of September, when the reinforce
ments from Asia will have been concen-
trated In Macedonia and in the cilayet Of
Adrianople. 1t Is not thought that there
will be any formal declaration OF war, In
view of Bulgaria's vassal status, but 1t
Is thought that some frontier incident Will
precipitate hostilities.
The Bulgarians and Macedonians re-
siding in Constantinople are in terror Of
massacre. A large number Of them were
arrested a few days ago as a preventive
measure" and they have not yet been re-
leased. The fear Of a massacre is proba-
bly, exaggerated, tho in the present state
Of feeling among the Musselman popula-
ton, an Insignificant Incident might per-
haps lead to massacre.
The terrible accounts received regard
Ing the conduct of Turkish troops have
not surprised European circles here. but
many who have hitherto been optimistic,
In their views now accept the prevailing
belief that Turkey Is on the eve OF ca
tastrophe. -..T-
A consular dispatch from Saloniki says
that according to authetic information the
insurrection in the district Of Monastir
has been practically stamped out. Bashi-
bazouks assisted the regular troops in the
work Of repression, which is said to have
been carried out with sanguinary ruth
lessness, the object Of the Turks being
apparently. to exterminate not only the
Bulgarian inhabitants but all the Chris
tians of whatever nationality.
The Interior Of most of the embassies
here are guarded by armed sailors from
their respective guardships. The German
embassy, In the absence Of its guardship
the Lorely, which Is cruising in the Black
sea, Is guarded by Turkish soldiers.
United States Minister Leishman is not
taking any steps regarding the attemp,
upon the life of Vice Consul Magelsser
at Beirut, but heels -aaiet ly~awaiting de-
velopments on the part Of the porte.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-09-07

Labor Day opened with a pouring rain,
a continuance of that which fell nearly
all day yesterday and last night. The
outlook was anything but promising. Still,
s, 900 laborers, members Of various unions,
turned out for the annual parade. The
rain finally ceased and the sun ..psssHsd
out. 1t was decided however, to aban-
don the speech making program, which
was to have been given at Loring park
and no speeches were delivered. T h e
j Journal has, however. succeeded In
obtaining abstracts Of xthe addresses pre-
pared by President Cyrus Northrop Of
the state university. Rev. J. M. Cleary Of
Marion D. Shutter fof the Church of the
Redeemer and Rev. G. Il. Morrill, Of the
Peoples church These are printed below,
Ths Parade.
Long before the hour SGT for the pa
rade, Nicollet aYfnue was liaed with spec
tators and the police were busy keeping
teams and otfsr vehicles off the street.
The parade stated from Tenth street and
Nicollets avenue and 1t was nearly an hour
before the Army Of men had crossed
Fourth street at Nicolle q
A platoon pf mounted police in charge
OF sergeantsaJ C. Faysof the Fifth pre-
einct.E police the parade and cleared
the streets. The mounted officers were
followed by, u q platoon Of foot police under
Captain George sinslair Of the headquar-
tiers detail. Immed iateiS behind the pla.
toons were the marshals sof the day, F.
w. Bell, s.. =. Spencer. D. A. Fallon, J.
L. Lynch and j. u. Chapman. Severa
carriages following in which were Mayor
]. c.. Haynes, President Cyrus Northrop
Rev. g. l. Morrill, and M. i. Neary, presi-
dent Of the state federation Of labor.
r. g. L. Assembly
The Trades and Labor Assembly. was
we'll represented by a number of men on
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-09-07
.SEC'Y MOODY
MAY RESIGN
Head Of the Naval Department Said
to Be at Outs With the
President.
Trouble Arose Thru Mr.. Roosevelt
Granting Leave of Absence to
Commander Peary.
Special to The Journal,

Special to The Journal.
Washington, Sept. There was a re-
newal to-day in official circles here of
the declaration that Secretary Moody will
soon tender his resignation and resume
the practice of law. ...#
President Roosevelt has been making
efforts to retain all his cabinet ministers
until after the next election. This pur-
pose has been hindered by the insistence
Of Secretary Root, who will retire not
later than Jan. l next. The action of
Mr.. Root in refusing to remain at the
request Of the president affords Mr..
Moody an opportunity to resign.
There Is an impression here that Sec
rotary Moody Is displeased at the action
Of the president in granting a three
years leave Of absence to Lieutenant
Peary to make another dash for the north
pole after the secretary had refused his
request. The president went over
Moody's head.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-09-07

fair and to review the labor parade ana
the parade of the National Association OF
Letter Carriers. With him on the train
were his secretary, William Loeb, Jr.,
Jacob A. Riis Of New York, newspaper
representatives, secret service men and
the heads Of the operative department OF
the Delaware, Lackawanna & Western
The run from New York was made very
comfortably and was without incident
The president was met at the train by
reception committee consisting OF JUS
tice Frank H. Hiscock, James M Gilbert,
State Superintendent Of Insurance Frank
Hendricks solden, Major J. B. Kline and
Francis E. Bacon, president OF the cham
Der Of commerce. They visited with the
president in his car a few minutes. while
the local police and secret service men
cleared away the crowds and prepared for
the march to Hanover square, whence the
president reviewed the labor parade.
The Fortyfrst separate company pre-
scented arms as the president appeared,
and then, headed by the New York Let
ter Carriers band, escorted the president
and members Of the committee, who were
in carriages, to the reviewing stand. The
president, on the march, received an
ovation from the densely packed throngs
lining the streets.
In the square about the reviewing
stand, there were fully $4,000 persons.
Every window in the buildings facing the
square was filled with people. Upon the
stand beside the president and the re-
ception committee were Senator Chauncey
M. Depew, Bishop P. A. Ludden OF SYRIA
cuse, and influential citizens.
There was never before such a demon
stration by organized labor In this city.
Fully 5000 men and women were in line.
| The. Labor Day committee as 1t reached
| the stand sent it's chairman to greet the
president and to pin a badge upon his
coat. The president expressed his pleas
| ure in few words and the line began to
move. Union after union uncovered as
! 1t rea ched the stand.
Now and again the president shouted
| compliments to fine looking body OF
men. From start to finish his attention
was never diverted from the workingmen.
In the parade were few floats with pla-
cards. One read:
1.-THE trust fights US: let us fight the
trusts by not using their goods"
They are the power behind the throne, :
remarked Syracusan to the president as
the men marched by.
EXACTLY, the power behind the throne
exactly, and 1t makes one proud to think
he is an American to see these men,
lreplied the president.
At 1880 o'clock the line had beer
| passed and the party was driven to the
train and departed for the state fair.
4 At s o'clock the president will return
to the city, where ne VIII review a paTa0e
\ Of the National Association of Letter Car.
lriers. At the conclusion he will be driver
4 to the home of former United States Sen.
ator Frank Hiscock. where he will have
dinner.
When the president reached the fai
grounds a crowd estimated by state fai
officials at $4,000 had arrived and crowd
were pouring thru all the gates.
"A citizens committee of 100 occupied
, the speakers stand. Promptly upon hi
) arrival the president was introduced b,
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-09-07
NO SIGNS OF IMPROVEMENT
| London Can See No Change In the Bal.
kan Sltua alton.

London Can See No Change In the Bal
kan Situation.
London, Sept. 1.-THE Balkan situation
shows no signs of Improvement. Indeed,
at Constantinople it Is now thought war
between Turkey and Bulgaria Is inevi-
table, but the Turkish ambassador in
London insists that hostilities can result
only from an overt act Of Bulgaria. The
Sofia government on the other hand, pre-
serves strict neutrality as advised by
! Russia and Austria. The announcement
| o-day Of Bulgaria's attitSde caused an
optimistic tone in the papers and the
market, for foreign bonds and government
securities became such flrmer. Ruma-
MIA. too, Is enforcing neutrality, In com
pliance with the advice OF Russia, hay
| ing taken measures to suppress Macedon-
! ian agitators within her borders.
| The popes refusal to appeal to the
powers to act, save in the direction OF
stopping the massacres in the Balkans. IS
accepted as evidence that even the molly
see appreciates the inadvisability Of inter-
| Vention at this time
Turkey Is largely increasing the number
| of her troops in Macedonia, In spite OF
her depleted treasury, and is determined
/ to suppress the revolution before the pow
ers can intervene. -
! In the villayet of Monastir the rising
has been ruthlessly suppressed, the Turks
| having burned many villages and COM
mitted grave excuses.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-09-07

fayoring this form of "true bill'' and es-
tablishing new and valuable precedent In
the criminal law of this state. The ques-
ton thus presented is now passed up to
the supreme court. The memorandum IN
full follows:
1.-THE defendant was indicted for accept
ing a bribe. After very careful trial at
which the defendant was represented by
able and eloquent counsel the jury re-
turned verdict Of guilty. An exanaina-
ton Of the records convince me that the
verdict was right and should not be dis
turbed unless for error affecting the sub
stantial rights Of the defendant ind
no such in this record.
1.-THE real contention is as to the suffi-
cheney of the indictment, the alleged error
assigned being the refusal Of the court to
require the state to elect upon which OF
several alleged offenses it would proceed
to trial. There Is no serious controversy
as to the rules of law which should be ap-
Piled; It is merely a question of their cor
rect application to the facts. An indict-
ment should-of course, charge but one
offense.
In substance it is alleged that on the
date named the defendant received as a
bride the sum of $500 from number OF
persons who contributed various amounts
which in the aggregate amounted to said
sum. 1t is very clear to me that the de-
PENDANT committed a single distinct Of
Tense when he accepted a roll Of bills
amounting to $500, with the understanding
then present in his mind that he would
protect from prosecution all who had con-
tributed to the fund. He did the one vital
act which he Is charged with doing, when
| he accepted the $500 from the hands OF
the party to whom it had been paid In
various amounts by the different persons
referred to in the Indictment. This act OF
the defendant was the elimination Of
several acts of other peoplpe, but on his
part there was unity of action, and unity
| of intent.
1.-THE charge in the indictment is easily
understood and the defendant was fully
| informed of all the facts and knew exactly
what he had to meet at the trial. He was
| not misled or confused in his defense. He
was protected in every constitutional anG
| statutory right.
Defendants Rights Not impaired.
'.The construction which place upo,
! these facts does not in the least impai
the rights Of the defendant. The con
! struction contended for by the defendan
would make it much more difficult for tn
state to prosecute and convict public Of
4 fcials who engage in such enterprises
/ Carried to its logical conclusion, it woul
secure practical immunity from punish
ment. If the contributors to the briber
fund were sufficiently numerous, and eac
contribution small enough, there would b
3 practical immunity.
"There are some authorities in othe
states under which this indictment nigh
be held bad, but the reasoning upon wllicl
they are founded does not appeal to me
! Many Of them justify the statement Q
| a distinguished justice Of the suprem
court Of the United States that the right
Of defendants are much safer in the hand
Of juries than are those of the public i
81 the hands Of the courts. They rest upo
. pure technicalities Of criminal pleadin
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-09-07

foot, and they were followed by the
Woman's Label league and the Dress
makers in carriages. The horses Were
jauntily decQEatsd-aand banners and flags
waved ip>the breeze. '>sf.- -~",'~''r = . u
81 LIE City firemen were in line, and three
Columns, headed by Fire Chiefs Hanley,
Hill and eKough, marched down the
street. Next came the members Of the
labor unions proper.
The Federated labor union was repre-
scented by 100 men: the boot and shoe
repairers, 80 men, the wood workers, 25.s
men, and the leather workers, 80 men,
The machinists, dressed in their blue
uniform and headed by their own band,5.
marched 500 strong. There were also So
steam engineers, IS ornamental iron
workers. % metal Doishers and 40 pat
tern makers. ,-
FLOUR Mill Men.
Next in line were the -four mill en-
| ployes dressed in uniforms suggestive of
their occupation. The packers were 500
strong; while the millers and the leaders
had about the same number In line
Their uniforms were pretty and they at.
tracted as much attention as any union
represented. 8
The cigarrnakers 300 strong, were foI-
llowed by the team drivers and the beer
lbothars. each with 100 men in line. Next
/ came the steam filters riding in ten car
riages. The boot and shoe workers. the
stationary fremen and the bacgsmiths
each represented by about fifty men, fol-
lowed nthe order given, and they pre-
coded 100 plumbers and gas filters and 25e
members of Typographical union, No. AZ,
| In four carriages rode the woman mem
| bers of the union. The bookbinders had
Is men in line and 20 pressmen were in
the parade. ....
One of the attractive features Of the
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-09-07
TWENTY-FIVE VILLAGES BURNED
Turkish Troops Commit Horrible AtrocI-
ties In Macedonia.

Turkish Troops Commit Horrible Atroci-
ties In Macedonia.
Sofia, Bulgaria, Sept. THE revolu-
tionary headquarters received information
to-day that the Turks have burned or
otherwise destroyed nearly all the villages
in the district Of Kastoria, near the Greek
frontier. The villages in that district were
the largest In Macedonia, each having
from 1000 to 5000 inhabitants. Among
the largest burned were Zagoritchani,
Dumbeni Konomladi, Mokronta and Kos
metz.
Altogether about twenty-five villages In
that part Of Macedonia have been de-
stroyed. It Is added that 300 women and
children, fugitives from Zagoritchani went
to the Turkish commander Of the district
to seek assistance and protection from the
bashi- bazouks. The commander promised
them protection, but when the fugft1ves
left the bashi- bazouks pursued, outraged
and killed many Of the women and chill
dren.
The Turks have concentrated $4,000 sol
diers in the Kastoria district, who art
openly burning villages.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-09-07
BULGARlA's POSITION
VIII Not Provoke War, but VIII Defend
Herself If Attacked.

Sofia. Bulgaria, Sept. 7.-According to
reliable reports from Varna, at the recent
council Of ministers presided over by
Prince Ferdinand at the palace of Euxi-
nograd, 1t was resolved that Bulgaria
should continue to maintain an attitude
Of the strictest neutrality on the Mace
DOMAIN question, and further, that the
most stringent measures should be adopt
ed to prevent anything likely to cause a
disturbance In Bulgaria's relations with
Turkey.
The war minister Is reported to have
spoken strongly in the council against
any thought Of Bulgaria declaring war on
Turkey: first, on account Of the enormous
expenditure that such war would in
volve, and, secondly, because the great
powers would never permit Bulgaria t.
reap the advantage If she were victo.
rious Should Turkey attack Bulgaria
declared the minister, the present arm,
could hold the Turks In check for thu
first few days. while the entire Bulgarian
army could be modified within three tt
twelve days. Bulgaria would never de
clare war, he added, but If war was de-
clared against her, she would accept tn,
challenge fearlessly.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-09-07
H.. LABOR DAY
The Day We Don't Have to Labor.

the important instructions Of the depart
ment had not reached Minister Beaupre,
and having satisfied himself that the 1ault
did not lie in the cable between the United
States and Buena Ventura, Secretary hay
thereupon sent note Of inquiry to Min
lister Herran asking for an explanation OF
the interruption of communication.
Secretary Hays note to Minister Her
ran was sent yesterday. 1t calls atten-
ton to the fact that cablegrams sent late
in July and early in August failed to
reach the American legation at Bogota.
and requests that immediate inquiry be set
on foot to ascertain the cause OF the
Interruption 'It is not necessary to i'm
press upon you the gravity Of the matter,
wrote Secretary Hay, .as you will readily
appreciate the vital Importance OF prompt
communication between this government
and it's representatives at Bogota during
this critical juncture."
Minister Herran dispatched a cablegram
of inquiry to the postmaster general OF
Colombia. who is also the director OF tele-
graphs, within half an hour after the re-
ceipt of Secretary Hays note. He has
replied to Mr.. Hay stating that upon re-
ceipt of reply from the postmaster gen
eral he will at once transmit 1t to the state
department Mr.. Herran admits that the
stoppage is on the land line between
Buena Ventura and Bogota, stretch OF
400 miles, all of which is under the contro
| of the Colombian government. He does
not, however admit that there has beer
an Intentional suppression of messages
either governmental or private
Company Won't Divide.
| The Panama Canal company has
notified this government that it has re-
jected the efforts Of the Colombian au-
| thirites to arrange q, deal by which part
Of the $40, O00, 900 to be paid to the COM
pany for its properties by the United
States, If the canal treaty IS ratified, Will
be handed over to Colombia.
This course of the company meets with
the approval Of the United States gov
eminent, which has insisted that any at
tempt to amend the canal treaty by the
insertion of provision requiring the
Panama company to divide with Colombo
would be distasteful to the washington
administration A notification to that ef
feet was given to Colombia while tn
treaty was under consideration at Bogota
! The statement that Colombia has beer
4 trying to get money out Of the canal com
pany, conditional, of course, on the ratih
cation Of the treaty, Is regarded by SOM
4 Of the leading officials as confirming tn
view that the rejection Of the canal agree
ment was matter Of dollars and no
patriotism.
DR.. Herran, the Colombian charge dat
fairies, to-day received the following cable
gram from the retiring governor Of Pana
ma, dated Panama yesterday, in reply t
an inquiry he sent last night:
Nothing Is known here regarding with
drawal from congress of Panama delega
Il ton. I have been informed that Senate
!, Obaldia has been appointed governor an
Fahuoga'
: --