The Anderson intelligencer. [volume] (Anderson Court House, S.C.) 1860-1914, 1903-04-29

surrounded on every aide for fifty
niles or more by lofty Iaauntasns
,.uees, ones thoughts nassarallyl surnj
"a scuo Of the problems Which noun
t,ius present. Suoh 90 thsir origin,
,beir relation toIcIimate aud their ap.
0e,ls to the aesthetios sensibilitiea.
First how wore mountains formed?
As the rocks in shss:::s sshss::s 80 = very much
folded, fractured, dispiaced and dis
|torted, early geologiata coaelu ded that
mountains were produced by great
|.ouyulsions Of nature, oi which vol.
|e,uic eruptions and earthq uakes are
minor exhibits. The interior Of the
se,th was regarded as the seat Of plu-
homie forces under great stress which
relief by uplifting the earth q
k,ust. Hence, uphesyel, ! shat is,5
lifting from below, was the usual term
Eupied to mountain msking d and
4 sEueh is the popular belief Of the oriil
En- Of mountains at present. This
|opcept carries with it the idea q
Sydden formation; hence such terms
q u, catastrophes, eataelysms and so
5rth we're used 10 connection with
Il DO process. S;s.
Biologists now hold entirely differ
N views Of the matter. They con-.
Der mountains as wrinkles of lthe
sh's outer part or crgst, and these
produced by.aoontraoting or shrink
7 Of its interior par..ss, 81, and 9sk;g G5n-
s etion as due toloss OF Eeass. There
abundant and .ooDvinoing evidence
Il the interior Of the earth is hot
than its outer crust. The tem-
s,ture Of deep mines and deep arte-
wells, wherever located, ID arctic
veil as in temperate regions,
cit. After passing down a mod
ss distance from the surface the
y increases at q pretty & uniform
As. say at about one des=s:: z eoI sVury.
or sixty feet. The temperature
be outer crust is little affected By.
internal heat, and is kept ap,.
imately uniform 5y heat received
the sun. The outer crust,
sfore, does not contract apprecia-
The interior7is not reached by1
M suns heat and is constantly bat
y losing some of its heat. It,
fore, contracts while the outer
stands firm, and the crust must
ale to keep in touch with Che
hken interior. An old familisr,
srikiug illustrative analogy is the
tlling Of an apple. The outer
s dry aud rigid, the interior is
and soft. As the latter loses
ure it shrinks and the skin
|. lss to keep ins contact With IL.
: fsngthen the aSalogy, it may be
!, go 471e :haat tho the height Of mountains
b greater ratio TO the diameter
IS earth than thatsof tho swrinkA /
an apple bear Co its diameter.
% be loss Of heat by the interior
earth is verysloW and gradual, \
fnkling is likewise alowS and,
= l-hence, naenn! ANS Is are i aot55
4 q day OF 9. year. but iiin thou
!, 8 f years. While the final re-
an uplift, the foroe which pro.
iolj .is horizontal rather, thansver-i
snst as one can throw 3 sheet Of
pto folds by pressing on its OPP.
edses. That such lateral pres
4 been exorted on mountain
rs shown BY the aastening oP
~ n their beds and by the sie4i
nt OF slaty ,cIearage 5siin theirl
ned rocks. JIG would take,ns
M=gas Of our srasy te 9 ssssssass4s Is siaty.
4 at length. suHice it to say3
process can be- imitst tsa artii
pressure on sui bstanaea, like
!, eh naturally have no eleaseI
% pes. The aatsenilnljg of fossils
cleavage planes ID mountains.
8 as horizontal net vertieal,
y Tould prod dncs. Ssa.E B.
ains aa now seen are Quite
from what they originally
dges and valleys egistsds5
fntains were Erss formed ], as.
do, but psak Wsrs probably
o ptirely fabsen Dlsfnt tegra-s
ks and the washing aWay Of
ssistant parts hsYe adicaiiys
Pc original wrink les. ORR
yS have been widensd and
new ones have boon form.
have been aerrAted and
ed. Indeed. il nyicasess
fidges were atrained until
Pplit open with water, DC.
s9hSia q In IL 80 e IS J. !. !, = y !. *