davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1903-08-26
THE THERMOMETER SCALE.
How It Happened to Be Divided as We
Have It.
From the American Inventor.

From the American Inventor.
Why should the freezing point be marked
80 degrees and the boiling point 212 degrees
on the Fahrenheit thermometer scale? Most
students know that its inventor divided the
space between these points into 100 degrees
instead Of the simpler 100 degrees used in
the Centigrade system; but few understand
how this number came to be chosen. A
writer thus explains the matter:
The thermometer was really invented by
Sir Isaac Newton. He started his scale with
the heat Of the human body and used as his
instrument a glass tube filed with Hnseed
Oil The lowest figure on the scale was the
freezing point and the highest point boiling
water The starting point Of this scale, as
mentioned. was the heat of the human
body, which he called by the round num-
Der II, as the duodecimal system was then
in common use.. He divided the space be-
tween the freezing point and the tempera-
ture OF the body into II points, and stated
that the boiling point Of water would be
about 30, as the temperature must be near
ly three times that of the human body.
When Fahrenheit took up the subject, a
few years later, he used the Newton 1nstru-
ment. but. finding the scale not fine enough,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1903-08-26

monopoly of corn growing. In this indus
try. however. a rival is also arising which
may before long be developed into great
proportions.
That rival is Argentina. country which
for more reasons than one might well be
regarded as the United States of South
America. 1t is only about two-flfths IS
large as the United States, and has only
One-hfteenth as great a population. But
its soil Is wondrously fertile and its eli
mate genial, and it is growing in pOpula-
ton and In the arts Of civilization at
gratifying pace. Its production Of cattle
and sheep of hides and wool. Of Iinseed and
various other things is well known to be
great 1t is to be remarked that 1t Is also
becoming a great producer of corn. for
which crop its soil and climate seem to
be particularly well suited. The last years
100000 acres and TO have measured $780,
100000 bushels. That Is. of course, very
much less than our 94O0O.OO0 acres and
1923, 100000 bushels. Yet proporuonately
to the population of the country, 1t is
.creditable showing. Moreover. 1t is to be
observed that the Argen.ines get more than
thirty bushels from an acre. and get a dol
bushel for 1t, making yield Of $1320 an
acre., while we. with our boasted higher
civilization, are content with q bushels to
the acre. which. at 40 cents a bushel,
means yield of only 5000 an acre.
There Is no. occasion to get scared at
the spectre of Argentine eofnpetition in the
corn market. Yet 1t is evident that Ar
considerable a producer Of that crop as to
cut a figure In the markets. OF the world.
and probably to rank as a rival Of 1.-The
United States
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1903-08-26
Advance in Microscopy.
From American Medicine.


Increased limit Of visibility in microscopy
seems to be assured by a new principle of
dark field illumination discovered by Profs.
Siedentopf and Zsigmondy of Jena. Helm
haltz had estimated that the limit of mi
croscopic visibility was 0.e001 millimeter. or
O.OOOOO3937 inch. BY the new method OF illu-
mination the limit is extended to from
OOOOOO4 to O.0OO007 millimeter. The report
and description is published in volume 10,
19GS of the Annalen der Physik. The prin-
ciple of the improvement consists in elimi-
mating the light reflected from the sur
faces of the cOndensing lens and the mi
ing light enters the line of vision so that
the object becomes visible by it's reflected
light alone. This Is effected by making the
illuminating ray of light perpendicular to
the axis Of the microscopic objective, the
focus OF the condensing lens and that of
the microscope objective being so adjusted
as to meet at a common point. The prin-
ciple Is the same as that whereby a beam
of light traverses a darkened ROOM the
eye of the observer being at right angles
to It, The dust particles in still room are
seen to be astonishingly numerous. We
once knew a painter who carefully exclud-
ed such direct rays of sunlight from his,
studio because. he said. the sunlight raised
such cloud of dust! Multiply the intensity
of the Illumination by more brilliant
light, focus It upon point by a condensing
lens, and multiply the size Of the image
by microscopic objective and the plan OF
the new microscopy win be clear. It can
hardly fail vastly to add to the resources
Of microscOpists. and may lead to unex-
pected discoveries both In physics and bfoIo-
gy. and especially In cytology and bacterfol-
ogy.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1903-08-26

divided each degree into two parts. and so
made the measure between the freezing and
boiling points "a parts instead Of II. Fab
renheit then discovered he could obtain a
lower degree of cold than freezing. and.
taking a mixture of ice and salt for a
starting point. he counted "a points up to
body heat. By this measurement he OBJ
tanned eight for the freezing point and SO
for the boiling point His scale now read:
Zero; freezing, 8: body heat, %. and boil
ing water, 50. 1t will be noticed this scale
is identically that of Newton's. only start
Ing lower and having the numbers doubled.
It was with this scale which Fahrenheit
worked for a long time, but finally finding
the temperature divisions still too large, he
divided each degree into four parts. Multi
plying the numbers just given by four the
thermometer scale now in use results.
The chance choice Of Newton of the figure
- to represent the body heat determined
the present thermometer scale, even as the
yard, feet and inches measure originally
came from measures Of parts of the human
body, and as the width Of railroad carriage
was determined by the track. which. in
turn, was determined by the width between
the cart wheels necessary to bear load
which could comfortably be drawn by
mulei
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1903-08-26

with that he bore the youngster on with
him to steel mill.
The boy was started in at wheeling iron:
later on he was put inside and became a
helper to this man and that; still later on
he had helpers of his own. and all the time
he kept his eyes open and his hands going.
Moreover, he studied at night to improve
his store of knowledge, SO that when he
was summoned into the superintendent
office and informed he was to be that in
dividuals assistant he knew the business
from the ground up and was far from de-
fcient in the culture that books impart to
their lovers.
This former Ragged Dick is today rec
ognfzed as one of the most promising of
the coming men in the steel industry
around Pittsburg.
And So" concluded the host of the news
boys, Il could continue ad infinitum. But
the refrain of my words would be the same
the street Arab still has as much chance
to get up in the world as ever he did, and
he who says no is either ignorant of the
true condition of affairs regards these
Ragged Dicks or else is believer in the
erroneous theory that the day when the
poor boy could rise Is past and gone"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1903-08-26
WINE TESTING BY TELEPHONE
Tells Whether the Brand Has Been
Watered or Not. - -,

Paris Correspondence London Telegraph
Wine testing by telephone is the latest
application of electricity here. Unserupu-
lous vendors will not bless NJ Maneuyrier,
assistant director of the Laboratory of Re-
searches of the Paris Faculty of Sciences.
He has just discovered an infallible method
of ascertaining by the use of the tele
phone how much given quantity of wine
has been watered. The principle on which
the invention rests is the variable conduct
bility of different liquids. notably of wine
and water. The originality of ID. Maneuv-
rier's ingenious application is his use OF
the telephone to determine to what degree
the liquid under observation is conductor.
He has constructed an apparatus which
achieves this object satisfactorily and accu-
rately. By means of chart, on which
are set down in tabular form the results of
various necessary calculations made by M.
Maneuyrier for the purpose operator
with the telephone can easily and in a
short while find out the exact proportion
of water In the wine which he Is testing.
whereas the chemical analysis processes
hitherto employed are lengthy. laborious
and costly.
The apparatus works as follows Two
vessels, one containing wine known to be
pure, the other the same quantity of the
wine to be tested, are placed on an instru-
ment outwardly resembling a pair of scales.
The telephone is In contact with both
liquids. If the sample of wine under OBJ
servation is as pure as the standard used
for comparison no sound is heard; if, on
the contrary. 1t contains water. the tell
tale telephone Speaks" and the greater
the proportion Of water the louder the in
strument complains. A dial on which a
number OF figures are marked Is connected
with the telephone. To ascertain the pro-
portion of water in the wine tested the
operator moves a hand on the dial until
the telephone. which has been speaking
all this time. relapses into silence. The
hand has thus been brought to a certain
figure ON the dial. This number Is then
looked up In a chart. which the ingenious
and painstaking inventor has drawn up.
and corresponding to 1t Is found Indicated
the exact proportion Of water contained In
the quantity of wine. NJ. Maneuvrier's re-
markable invention can he says. he easily
applied to the testing Of many other liquids
and even solids. which may be adulterated
by the addition of foreign matter possess
ing a conductibility different to that of the
original substance.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1903-08-26

There are nearly 1000 known medicinal
remedies.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1903-08-26
RISKED LIFE FOR NEGRO.
How Confederate Dared Union Fire tc
Comfort Colored Comrade.

How Confederate Dared Union Fire to
Comfort Colored Comrade.
From the Kansas City Journal.
The Osceola Democrat has started a
movement for the purpose Of raising money
to send Uncle George Mcdonald Of st.
Clair county. one of the few colored con-
federate veterans in the state and perhaps
the only one to the Confederate reunion
at Columbia next month. Uncle George
went with the confederates that enlisted
from st. Clair county. and fought in sew
eral engagements. At Wilson's Creek.
where mimic ball ploughed through his
hip and a buckshot struck him in the face,
he was made the object Of one of the finest
displays of heroism witnessed anywhere in
the war.
George lay groaning upon the ground
when he was found by Owen Snuffer lieu
tenant OF his company. For Snufrer. the
Osceola Democrat says. George had all
the affection which a pet negro slave Law
ished upon his MASTER" and Snuffer knew
H. The white man stopped down, examined
the black mans wounds and stanched the
flow Of blood from them. For Gods sake. ~
cried the suffering negro. give me a drink
OF water Shutters canteen was empty.
but midway between the firing lines was
a well. ITO reach it." the Democrat con-
tinues. was to become the target of sharp
shooters. and 1t meant almost certain
death But the groanS Of his black friend
were more powerful than the love Of life,
and with bullets falling around him like
hailstones he pushed forward until the
well was reached And then he discovered
that the bucket had been taken away and
the w1ndlass removed The water was
thirty feet down and the depth unknown.
The well was an old-fashioned stone
walled one and Owen determined to get
water or know the reason why. He pulled
on his long cavalry boots and taking one
in his teeth. he let himself down slowly
iaDorfously hand over hand until the water
was reached and the boot filed and then
he began climbing up the same way he
went down. straddling the we'll and clutch
Ing with hands and feet at the rocky walls
Reaching the surface again he picked up
the other boot and safely made his way
back to the confederate lines. George
drank copiously and the cooling water was
poured upon his burning wound Although
he lives at Monegaw. he still insists that
the only water fit to drink was that which
he drained out of that boot
Returning from the war, he settled near
Monegaw Springs and has raised most
intelligent, honest, Industrious family One
at the Smith University In Sedalia. and is
now in charge of church in Kansas An
other is waiter at the Commercial Hotel
In OSceola, and is known for his strict in
tegrity.
The satisfaction Of seeing an honest
negro giving the old rebel yell will be sui
ficient recOmpense." the Democrat thinks
for the small amount of money required
to give him perhaps the last opportunity
to march again in the rapidly thinning
ranks of those who wore the gray"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1903-08-26
A HARVEST HAND IN KANSAS.
Day Began Early, Wages Only SO, bu
the Meals Were Good.

From the Topeka State Journal
II think struck 1t luckier than most did
who came to Kansas to work." said Harry
holland, st. Louis man who came to Kan
sas to harvest and was In Leayenworth
yesterday on his way home. ;,
Il came out with a party of thirty men
sent by an employment agent. We under
stood that for the cent a mile car fare we
paid and the IS fee the agent charged we
would get a good job harvesting at So 80
to $3.50 per day. We were led to expect too
much and were not told Of the long hours
we would have to work. We were told that
we would be expected to put In good
day every day, and we thought by this they
meant ten or eleven hours.
Most Of our party changed trains at
Kansas City and on out in points on the
central lines. Myself and three Others.
however. decided tC. 60 further to the
southern edge Of the state. We went to
Conway Springs. in Sumner county, think.
1t seemed that we. struck 1t lucky. be-
cause. sure enough, as we had been told
would be the case, several farmers were
at the station waiting for men, We were
soon talking to them. They wanted Us, Or
rather one man wanted all four. of US. but
we couldn't agree on the. wages He and
the, others just laughed when We began
asking $3.50 per day. ,Thsy seemed to think
we were crazy and when we declared that
thas wa, NV what was gsss il all parts of
They told us we had ehaspt fooled on the
wages. Well, this took sHs down whole
lot and greatly discoa6Agaylr us, but after
hanging around town. faAk day we finally
agreed with our manT1hiesAame was Joe
Smiley-to go to work fer bin at 81 per
day and board The 81 looked small after
having been told to ey1ecea9robably $3.50,
but we were there and 3a4HO go to work.
1--WE were given good supper at Smileys
house and were then told I'VE had better
turn in SO as to be ready sipr the start in
the morning. 1t was 9bOut 3 o'clock when
they told us this. and VIII thought they
were getting to bed pretty early but we
turned in. We were awakened by Smiley
calling us and we came sd6Rn stairs. He
told US to go to the posture and get the
horses. We were half Az hour getting
them rounded up. all the time chasing
through the wet weeds: nAfter we had
driven them to the bafd ana fed them we
were told to come to breakfast, for which
we were most certainly ready. Imagine
our surprise when we found on going to
the breakfast table that 1t was only $50
o'clock.
But we soon got used to working early
and late, and stayed with Smiley until the
middle of last month. When we quit we
had good sum of money coming. felt bet
ter for the experience in the harvest and
didn't regret coming at all
while my three friends went home at
once. went out to Clay Centre and work
ed awhile longer. but am going back now.
and I've got a nice little $50 to take with
me, too.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1903-08-26
Our Rival in Corn.

From the New York Tribune.
Corn is king of American crops. Its year.
~ value is much. greater than that of any
other. 1t seems also more secure against
rivalry than any other Canada. Russia
and other lands compete with US in wheat.
Competitors in cotton are growing in many
places at an ofriinous rate. But the United
States has seemed to have pretty nearly a
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1903-08-26
A Steel Mans Romance.

Then there is the case OF certain as
sistant superintendent in one OF the big
gest steel mills OF America. He is the
youngest man ever to MI the position-he
Is not yet twenty-three years oid-and less
than a decade ago he was earning a living
by selling papers and backing shoes on the
streets of Pittsburg.
1t was his ability to fill these two roles
at once. and to fill them successfully, that
got him his opening He was shining shoes
and selling papers In front of the fashion
able and exclusive DuQuesne Club one day,
when a man stepping out Of the club be-
held him. and after studying HIM q mo-
ment walked up to him.
How do you manage to do both things
at once? he asked the boy
The reply was ready:
keeps ms eyes open and me hands
goin'''
Very WELL" said the man: If that's the
way you do II can find use for you" and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1903-08-26
CIGARETTE TOBACCO.
Recent Experiments In Cultivation
Oriental Article Grown In ITALY.

From the London Globe.
Recently some prominence has been given
to experiments In the growing Of tobacco
in Ireland. Mr.. Consul Cocoto has just sup
piled the foreign Office an account Of expe-
riments In the growing of cigarette tobacco
in Lecce Italy. He states that about ten
years ago. on the public taste requiring
large quantities OF oriental tobacco cigar
cites. the department decided to institute
a series of experiments In this province in
order to ascertain whether it was possible
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1903-08-26

An old crow sat on q hickory limb,
Moaning be-caws his eyes were dimb:
A hunter heard
The noisy beard
And straightway made q corpse Of himb.
-Chicago News.
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1903-06-07
WILL GIVE RECITAL.
Prof. and Mrs. MetcaIf to Entertain
Friday Evening.

On next Friday evening, June u. the
people Of Wichita will again be given an
adequate opportunity OF hearing Prof. and
Mrs. Metcalf in recital.
Every body who has heard Prof. and
Mrs. Metcalf know of their excellent work
and will be delighted to hear them again.
Those who have not heard them should
certainly avail themselves of the oppor-
tunity
The recital will be given for the benefit
of the Young Mems Christian club at the
First Presbyterian church.
Among the musical numbers of the
program will be the Holmes Male Quar-
tet. This quartet is recognized as the
best in the city, and it alone will be
worth the price of admission.
The Young Mems Christian club~is COM
posed of over one hundred young men of
the city, and is strictly undenominational.
Mr.. Otto c. Lghtner, president of the
club. is very fortunate in securing Prof.
and Mrs. Metcalf and the Holmes Male
uartet. and the people of this city should
certainly encourage the young men in
their good and noble work. The price OF
admission has been set at % cents. Par
ties wishing tickets may secure them at
the studio of Prof. and Mrs. Metcalf, in
the Sedgwick block.
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1903-06-07
LIFE SAVED BY swArlP-RO0T
The Wonderful Kidney, Liver and
Bladder Remedy.
SAMPLE BOTTLE SENT FREE BY
MAIL.

Swamp-Root. discovered by the eminent
kidney and bladder specialist, promptly
cures kidney. liver bladder and uric acid
troubles.
Some of the early symptoms of weak
kidneys are pain or duh ache in the back,
rheumatism, dizziness. headache, nervous
ness. catarrh OF the bladder. gravel or
calculi. bloating. sallow complexion, puffy
or dark circles under the eyes, suppress
sion of urine. or compelled 10 pass water
often day and night
The mild and extraordinary effect OF
the world-famous kidney remedy. DR..
Kilmer's Swamp Root, is soon realized
1t stands the highest for its wonderful
cures OF the most distressing cases. If
you need a medicine you should have the
best
Swamp-Root is not recommended for
everything. but if you have kidney. liver.
bladder or uric acid trouble you will find
it just the remedy you need.
Sold by druggists in f1fty-cent and one
dollar sizes You may have sample
bottle of DIT. Kilmer's Swamp-Root and
a pamphlet that tells all about Ii. in
Guiding many of the thousands OF let
tiers received from sufferers cured, both
sent free by mail Write DIR. Kilmer &
Co. Binghamton, N Y, and please be
sure TO mention that you read this gen
erous offer in the Wichita Sunday Eagle.
Don't make any mistake. but remember
the name. Swsmp-Root. DR.. kilmer's
Swamp Root. ard the address, Bingham
ton. N Y. on every bottle.
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1903-06-07
CURES WEAK MEN FREE
lnsures Love snc Happy Hems
For All.

How any man nay quickly cure himself
sfter wears Of suffering from sexual weak
n,ss lost vitality. night scsses. vzr1cocele
80 and enlarge small, weak organs 20
S,1fi size and vigOT. Simply send your name
80 address a. Dr. Knapp Medical Co
G. Hull Bldg. Detroit. Asch-. and they
81 xlsGly send free receipt with fun
df-.ctlons. 50 that any man may easily
IRE himself IL home This - Certainly
= r-7ost generous of1cr. and the following
s,tracts taken from their daily mall show
800 men think Of heir generosity:
Dear Sirs.-Plesse accept M sincere
,hanEs FOR YOURS OF recent date I hsv.
.-5,-zr vorr treatment = thorough. test AID
r. bF7eHt mas BEEN extraordinary II
rs completely Traced me I'D I an tszEr
e VIGOROUS - eu D1x. z-s -ou
~snrof realize hcw happy I an
Deer Sirs--Tour Method worked bean
.Fs,Il1x Results we're Exactly Whzt 1
:. .sssf strength and rigDr have con-
nipt.l, returned and eulzr-EIeai - en-
iirciy satisfactoTy-
Dear Sirs " OTIS WaS geoszye1 ard I
A.5 "a trouble z alzk-inE usa - he -
eeiPt as directed and can ET7IfhfuisF say
a. = a boon 70 weak Ten / an x-sstiy
i-,nrovsd n size strength and zigor~
All -orresponds zee Is strictly co14c.n-
tai mailed il plain sealed envelope. he
r.crir, Is free FER the asking and they
want every nzr 10 have g
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1903-06-07
ResoIutions OF CondoIenec

At the last regular meeting of Geo. H
Thomas command, Union Veterans
Union, the following preamble and reso-
buttons were adopted:
Whereas. This command of veterans
has again been visited by the Grim Reap
er and our esteemed comrade Richard w.
King, has been taken from our union TO
Join his comrades on the other shore.
First enlisting in April, 1861, he served in
the Eleventh and Nineteenth Illinois in
fantry, two regiments noted for their
splendid services to our country, In the
great war of the rebellion; therefore,
Resolved, That in the death of Comrade
King, this command has sustained great
Ioss and his aged wife a tender, loving
husband. his children an affectionate
father. and the community one of its best
citizens.
Resolved. That we tender to his strlck-
en- family our sympathy. and mourn with
them in their sorrow.
Resolved, That this preamble and reso-
buttons be spread upon our records and
that the adjutant transmit copy hereof
10 the wife and family of our lamented
comrade. and that the same be published
e. the papers of Wichita.
]. Q. HAWLEY,
J. c. ROBB.
L. G. GRINSTEAD.
Committee.