davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1903-03-14
I'M FAYETTEVILLE
New Company TO Manufacture Long
Leaf Pine Products, 8
(spocEa, to The Tlmes Dispatch,)

EAYlE5yTTiESyiLLE, N, q. MaFcl, 49,
The State has chartered the Pine Prq-i
duct Construction Company 10 do busl-
ness at this place, with an authorized
capital OF 5$l26, eco. Major A. A, Nc KiltaW,
clerk Of tile Superior Court OF Cumber-i
lana county, being a leading shareholder.
The The company willIturn out the numerous
products on the long leaf pine-wood. all
cohol, tlrpintine, spirits Of tar oils. var,
nIshes etc. Tho Southern Pine Product
icompany, opera ting In the western part,
of the county on the Aberdeen and Rock-l
fish Railroad, has been very successful,
and there nre maj eral ana business for
,hale q dosQn such plants In this SECTION,
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1903-03-14

4nnlted in marriage In washington Mon
dny. They were accompanied by his
cousin Mrs, 3, a. Branton, OF Manehes,
fer. Miss Vaughan has always made heF
49,, ~, nit Mar amt Mrs. Smart, or Nam
n nUmt rhev LEFT tuesday for their fl'
ture home, nenr Jetersyllle, va,
THE BOSTOCk0 BNNEFlT
rr,,,,ats cnn be had for the Bostook Benz
~ a. tba c,onfederate Bazaar on March
1o,t, a. Wv Lrrietd's. washington and
Early's. NJ, a. Campbell's and W. Y carr
tors, 5 #
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1903-03-14
'PH0NES..lN
MANCHESTER
Board RefusedFto Concur III
Assembly Resolution.
THEIR ATRON MLJSTWAlT
Liquor License Question Was De-
red--Resignatlon Of Mr.. Brow
der - OIympia's Anniversary q.
Salary RAISED.
THEIR ATRO MS MUSTWAlT

i &.
Manchester Bureau Times Dispatch. L
III No. 1l02 Hill Street.
by the action Of tho Board OF Alder
men last night in Manchester, 127 appll.S
cants Tor Bell phones will be compelled
to walt for perhaps three months.
AT the last meeting of the City Assem-
bly, o. resolution granting tile Bell Com
pany the right to put In poles and wires,
pending tho granting Of q franchise, was
pissed and pushed along tbl the Board.
Last night, upon motion Of sMr. Barrett.
tho resolution was non -concurred M III
and referred TO tho Ordinance Commit
tee. {A &
Mr. Abbott was the principal Opponent.
or the resolution and Mr. Utz the leader
OF the other side. MI. a bpott. SAD that
his action was not intended ITO retard tho
work Of the Beg Company, but rathers
to have a permanent agreement between
the city land the company He SO ex-
pressed himself sis III
'a Mr.. SJutzs said he did not wish TO zee
those who desired phones. to be unable
to get them, anu. no hoped tho Board
would adopt the joint resolution. The me
vote On concurrence was 2 to a against
1t, Messrs Rudd and Utz being the two
in favor OF the resolution. yis 5tf
Mr. lFairfaa Montague was on hand In
the interests of his company. and he said
that under the present dondi .1ons OF.
things his company could not erect a
poie, ana Mllo lltp Deon 81 81
tc eii.s -
Of y, ~.
anu ,ain,oaa s tho ~ the
ordina rca commIttee tn action will
have to be reported back to the Board.
and then to Coundll, WHICH will take
4 4 least two months, under the regular
red or events. After that it will take
so,n as',ftt,e time IA nnt'the poles and
viva, wires i, SERVICE Action on the report
~ .tl,a 7rinnnce Committee in reference
- tha B,ncraase IN Sllnuor"lcense was de-
forraI IN iIsItl3e .matter had been acted
nnon hTva tha. Assembly. 3ss. I.
up Thoae ~, ma aenI II tia etIng we're:
MessFg. sPesrndtue5 "A Bbott sRudd. Utz, Bar
80, 100 80, &h ~ Mr. Pa
was ~ - u -, Il, l.
- ~ ~ y M n11pnsIc
NJ - p - da1 4. ~ forem - At
~, H., :. ~, rr,,as !. = tandared
tnc ~ = TO- Gbnrles
sharn 49, That risht nI;1meetinr of tho
wv X . CIV, -, haid tosinl
l,;tt,o Iso ant betweon
ILL., ,rhe mat.
~. N' 30 -,
i i,s YES ~ 5000 ~
t'on hnu WIS liz Mr.
I, :, Y, and
"a
'sne 80, E,sm ~ 1oa - that
, n,em aitho,
S s,a, ieiiecs ~ ana
He vslci ny. ~ = =
OI4YAlPlAts CLUBS AMI
a big flag-poe has been erected on the
/! Olympia Club House. at Moore and
Burkes, and a handsome American fla
! Will be raised thereon on the NTH ami
persary OF the club. mex y uesday, u.
| Patrlck's Day. The club will be enter
tanned that day by their lady friends. y
s5as SALARY INCREASED
At the meeting oeEthe Board Of Alder
men last night q resolution offered by
Nr. Barrett, raising; the salary q SUI
pertntendent Allen, L Of Maurys Cemetery,
by $40 year, was passed. The resolr-
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1903-03-14
Continent that Will 7havcito be reckoned
with In the coming centuries, II.
RUSSIA THE ONE. IA

4 With In the coming centuries, ,sl sy
RUSSIA THE ONE. IA
Austrin. Spain. France and even Ger
many will dut but little figure when Rus
Is.a'BaiOur strikes and the mighty empfre
lot the Car enters upon the real career
of. Its Titanic power NAPOLEON once said
that iii 1OO years Europe would be either
{ C0saack or Republican III seems now
that Humanity Will be republican on this
side OF the ocean and cossack on the
fothcr. And it is my earnest hope that
before her hour arrives Russia may, learn
TO Know more OF Justice and freedom thar
sale does now. While without 1t she5can-
not long prevail yet the miserysofs her
tiiirassed Jews appeals Ssol deeply that the
hour Of their deliveranoe cannot be top
much iiastencd. z,
Thc character Of Esther has received
much praise. and she deserves much. Her
conduct was heroic when once her sense
81 oIty ao Sm ha9oIep VIOLA y Eve Il.
sre crlest bay. {g9s5i& isst K 5fl Gill n
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1903-03-14
Killed Near High Point,

N ~ ISDccinl To Tic TIMes.UIsnatCh J ly.I- n
a HIGH POINT, N, G., March 13.-NWil-
liam Holt and negro name 5unlsnown,
met horrible death IN the country near
here this afternoon, Nh. Holt and the
negro we're cutting feed with steam
cutter when the ny-wheel burst, mangr
ling both Mr., Hollis legs and killing his
companion instantly, Mr. Holt died an
y, lota ~ i
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1903-03-14
GENUINE CASE OF
. DISTRESS II !, lNMANCHEsiT'E

Editor Of The Times Dispatch; III "a R
sir.-I will ask you kindly 70 put this
letter in, your paper for me 4 would
colae myself, but Il an,slck not able
to- come My44hlsbaN1l Is at the point OF
deaf and q. have NOT hing To- eat hnd no
money toEpuytt, Anything that the peo-
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1903-03-14
E3ensiev Found Guilty,

w, TT, Heasley was fined $40 and given
two months IN jail In the Hastings Court
yesterday, Bcasley got drunk several
days ago and fired pistol IN the street.
endangering the lives Of several citizens,
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-11-26

In the year 1878 the Minneapolis
postoffice was located in the city nall,
at the junction of Hennepin and MIC
ollet avenues, which at that time was
the center Of the business section OF
the city.
All Of the ground floor Of the build
ing was occupied by the postoffice, ex-
cept the small diagonal space In the
extreme east end of the building,
which served as the business offlces
of the Minneapolis Tribune and st.
Paul Pioneer Press.
Dr.. George H. Keith was postmaster,
having at that time held the office
seven years. T. f. Hughes was then,
as now, the assistant postmaster, hav-
ing at that date been in the service
eight years.
The working force consisted, all
told, of nine clerks and ten carriers,
as follows:
~. Clerks.
T. E. Hughes, assistant postmaster,
cashier etc.
Albert A. Keith, superintendent of
delivery.
Alphonse Demeules, box clerk.
- r. L. Woodwork, chief mailing
clerk.
c. J. Bragdon, mailing clerk.
Otto E. Naegele, money order and
registry clerk.
Miss Dora Jewett, assistant money
-; Fred Ferman, general clerk.
Frank Bowen, general clerk.
Carriers.
W. ]. Newton, Charles Fraker, F..
w. Campbell, H. w. Hill, o. A. Gard
ner, Albert Ashenden, A. P. Courtney
Frank Wohltman, L. S. Lane, D. r.
Mcknight.
The year 1878 marked a period in
the history of Minneapolis, when, just
previous to the resumption Of specie
payment, business had begun to meas
urably recover from the preceding
financial depression, the increase of
postal business over the previous year
being fully rs per cent. 1t was also
the period when the long-standing
struggle with st. Paul for commercial
supremacy was nearing the most ex-
citing stage, and, while at that date
the postal business Of Minneapolis had
not fully reached and passed that of
st. Paul, the growth was at such a
rapid rate that the race was approach
ing the meek and neck" period. So
that the official reports of the two
postoffices excited universal attention.
The steady and rapid gain Of the
Minneapolis office over it's competi-
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-11-26

was one Of the first physicians they
met They were very interesting la
dies, graduates Of the Boston School
Of Medicine, and I told them knew
no reason why they should not be
made members Of our society. I told
them to be present at the regular
meeting, which was to be held next
day. They were on hand promptly,
ana made canvass Of the members
present to ascertain how the land lay.
There was some opposition, but T
pressed the question to a vote, and
they were admitted to membership A
good deal of credit for the success of
the effort is due to Rev. DR.. futile,
then the pastor Of the Church of the
Redeemer, who had come to the meet
ing to offer an opening prayer. He
was strongly in favor of permitting
the ladies to become members of the
society, and his quiet work that morn
ing did much to give favorable vote
AS / now remember it, when the vote
was finally taken there were no mega
tives.'
K The homeopaths in the city to-day
| number in the neighborhood Of fifty.
; OF the old school physicians of 1878
more than fifty. It was before the day
! of the numerous other schools, and
allopathy and homeopathy divided the
sick between them. It would be we'll
nigh out of the question to ascertain
the names of all the old school practi-
few names of men here then and still
here are selected at random: Drs.
H. H. Kinaball, Edwin Phillips. J. j.
Linn, Charles. Simpson, Robert Nc
Murray, A. H. Lindley, H. e. Johnson,
| A. A. Ames, z. A. Dunsmore, r. =.
| Hill-these are a few Of the pl1ysi-
clans Of 1873 who still remain. The
| two named last
at that time, having graduated and
gone into. practice in 1875. s
The number of old school physi-
clans now In the city is upwards of
400.
There were no medical journals Of
reputation in the west in 1878. The
Lancet, now the widely known and
ably conducted organ Of the old school,
was started as early as 1870, but DUR
ing its earlier years 1t did not exert
much influence or become we'll known.
1t was published originally in st. Paul.
but for many years has been Min
neapolis institution. The homeopaths
had no journal in that day in the west
| farther than Chicago. To-day the
Minneapolis physicians of that school
have a journal which for years has
Represented them in a highly creditable
manner.
! It was not until 1883 that the Min
nesota legislature passed its first med
ical code bill. All this first bill re-
practicing should register their di-
plomas. In 1878 anybody who desired
to do SO might practice and the pub
| lie had no protection against adven.
turers and quacks.
The year 1873 was before the time
of medical schools In the northwest,
and all graduate physicians practicins
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-11-26

IT was one of the original subscrib
ers to T h e ] ourn a !, said Post
master w. D. Hale to-day, and re-
ceived the paper at my homes 722
Hennepin avenue, then on the out
skirts of the city. Seventh street was
the boundary for what is now the CEN
trail part of Minneapolis, and there
was only an occasional house beyond
it. The Lyceum theater stands Oh a
part of the lot which contained my
home in the old days. AS I remember
it, j o II a | was started be-
when an evening newspaper would
pay in Minneapolis. We then had a
growing body of laboring men, who
had time to read In the evening and
none in the morning, and SO r h g
j u r n q filled a want which is felt
in every. young and growing city. 1t
was a hlgh-grade newspaper from the
beginning. / do not now recall that
ever had occasion to find fault with
it or with it's policy 1t was progress
sive, loyal to the best interests Of the
city and I soon. came to look upon
| it as one of.the chief instrumentalities
then in existence for developing and
directing public sentiment along right
| lines. 1t was to the city in the early
times what it is now.
! Seventh street and afterwards
Tenth. were the chief residence streets
of the city in 1878. Judge Wander
burgh, Thomas Lowry, F. r. e. Cor
| nell, il. G. Sidle and w. D. Wash
burn were some of the men living on
Seventh street. We all thought that
Seventh street would be extended
| south to a junction with what was
! afterwards Minnel1aha avenue. and
| that the finest homes would always be
built along it. But later Tenth street
and then Portland avenue We're de-
| yeloped, and Seventh street was aban-
doned by its leading residents.
/ &C. H. Petit, about the time T h 6
u r ma ! was founded, built his
home at Tenth street and Second ave:
nue. S, and many of his friends
thought that he had gone out too far
|The home was built by itself, in what
was then prairie, and few Of us
thought that the city would over.
/ take it.
The city in 1873 extended as fa1
south as Cedar avenue. The old King
fair grounds, whoseAnorthern bound.
sary was Franklin a;enue; were ther
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-11-26
Albert Ashenden, Letter Carrier.
William Newton, Letter Carrier.
PHYSICIANS OF '78
DR.. w. H. Leonard Recalls
Names and Incl
dents.

The Hennepin County Medical So
clety was organized in 1856, and Of
the founders and charter members
only DR.. w. H. Leonard, DR.. Ander-
son and DR.. Johnson now remain. DR..
Anderson is still in practice, but now
lives in Santa Cruz, Cal. DR.. John
son, retired, is living on the East Side,
Minneapolis. Dr. Leonard is hale and
hearty and shows no signs Of going
on the retired list. The year 1856 was
before there were enough doctors in
the county to justify any separation
into schools. T. Gardner later, i'll
1869, established the first homeopathic
pharmacy in the state, on Nicollet
avenue below Second street, and the
first dental depot in the state. Mr..
Gardner is still in business in the city.
BY 1878 there We're about dozen
homeopathic physicians in Minneapo-
lis. A nearly complete list follows:
DR.. d. M. Goodwin, now a resident of
Los Angeles, Cal; DR.. P. L. Hatch,
now living in California: DR.. Hunting
ton, deceased; DR.. 0. M. Humphrey,
still living in Minneapolis, but retired !:
DR.. Adele S. Hutchinson, the first
woman doctor In the state; DR.. Swain,
her partner for several years. but now
practicing in Boston; DR.. A. E. Hig-
bee; Or. W. 81; Leonard; Or. George
f. Roberts, still in general practice in
Minneapolis; DR.. Petrus Nelson, now
| living in st. Paul, and DR.. A. l..
Mahaffy, now living in Albuquerque,
New Mexico.
DR.. w. H. Leonard, who Is one of
the original subscribers of T h e
ourn al, tells an interesting story
connected with the coming to the state
of DR.. Adele S. Hutchinson, In about
the year The Journal was
| founded.
81, think it was in 1878" he says,
but it may have been year later
The year before a couple of women
doctors had come to st. Paul and tried
cieties there. They were refused ad-
mission. and went back east in dis
gust without attempting to practice
DR.. Hutchinson and DR.. Swain, her
partner, came to Minneapolis. and ]
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-11-26
THE POSTOFFICE ... :-
THEN AND NOW
In 1878 1t Occupied the Old City Hall and
Employed Only Twenty People---Some
Interesting Comparisons of Statistics.

tor made it evident that before the
end Of the next decade she would be
far ahead of her sanity brother.
The progress Of the race for STU
premacy in postal business and it's vic
torious outcome for Minneapolis is
graphically set forth in the following
table, clipped from an early copy of
The 10 urnal and preserved by
Otto E. Naegele, cashier Of the Ger
mania bank, who for nine years was in
charge of the money order division
in the postoffice and took great inter-
est in the growth of his department.
The table shows the number of money
orders issued by the respective offices
between the years 1876 and 1884,
with the yearly gain of Minneapolis
to the passing point 1879-80), and
the gradual widening of the gap there
after. .... - u.s..
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-11-26

DR.. George H. Keith, who held the
office of postmaster for the period Of
eleven years, was among the pioneers
Of Minnesota. He took an active in
terest in politics. both state and ma
tional, and had held numerous offices
Of honor and trust, both civil and mill
tary. He possessed rare ability as an
executive officer and organizer of men
and was therefore a potent factor in
the political affairs of his day, quick
to decide, strong to execute where
courage and promptness were re-
quired.
During DR.. Keith's eleven years in
cumbency as postmaster the annual
business increased from $22,250 to
$4,000, and the employees from five
all told to twenty-five.
Timothy O'Leary, the only surviving
clerk Of twenty-five years ago now in
the service, except Mr.. Hughes, is in
his sixty-third year. He served both
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-11-26

was pretty we'll built UP with homes
of the better sort from Hennepin ave-
nue. north to the car tracks, along
Second, Third and Fourth streets and
Washington avenue. I remember that
the substantial home of Major Hef-
felfinger, where his children were
born, stood about where the Wynan.
Partridge & Co. wholesale house now
is. The saw mill farthest north at
that time was the Eldridge single
mill. at the mouth of Bassett's creek.
con the east side of the river there
were two settlements, one at the land
ing place Of the UP river boats, near
the east end Of the Plymouth avenue
bridge; the other along and near Uni
versity avenue SE..'
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-11-26
as carrier, janitor and man of all
MArk and fin ll3z til at Of clarl1. in fact

1o SoA 1ISl, Jdlll&Oi dtio 11AS1l VI Oil
work, and finally that Of clerk; in fact,
while janitor he helped the carrier
force out by making all extra collec-
ton trip thru the milling district,
where all the grain and elevator Of
fees were located at that time. 1t
was his duty as janitor to keep the
snow off the sidewalk around the en-
tire building; the city council was
seemingly too poor to provide for that
work. and since the postoffice was the
principal tenant, it was subject to the
censure of the public for any neglect
in that line; at least the work would
not have been done had not the post
office assumed the responsibility.
In those days it was not unusual
for the eastern and other mails to be
blockaded by snow and washouts for
from twenty-four hours to week at
time. The multiplied railroad lines
and improved roadbeds and facilities
Of the present day render such Incl
dents impossible.
Upon such occasions, in order to
facilitate the distribution Of the &C
cumulated mail and avoid delay in de-
livery after it's arrival, it was GUS
tomary for the postoffice to send it's
crew Of distributors to meet the in
coming trains, who would distribute
the mails in the car and prepare it for
delivery before reaching the city. This
m ethod was afterwards adopted. as a,
regular daily service for eastern mails.
Annual statistics, then and now,
compared: =. - =,
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-11-26
VETERANS OF THE POSTAL SERVICE
T. E. Hughes, Assistant Postmaster.
MAJOR HALE'S RECOLLECTIONS

far out of the city. Augsburg SEM
mary was on the very outskirts. Lay
mans cemetery was far out Of town,
in a. farming country.
"On the north the city went as far
as the railroad tracks, beyond which
were one or two small suburbs, where
the laboring people had their homes.
North of these homes was a farming
country, for there were no up river
saw mills in those days. The town
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-11-26

here came out Of schools In Chicago
and the east. The favorite schools
then were in Philadelphia, Boston and
New York.
Minneapolis was at the beginning OK
her HOSPITALS in 1873. But one was
here at that time, the Cottage hospi-
tai since renamed ST Barnabas. 1t
was in charge of DR.. Edwin Phillips.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-11-26
AFRAID OF THE RISK.

PUCK.
But why did YOU not send for the doc
tor next door when you became suddenly
ill.," asked his friend.
''1ou forget" answered the sufferer,
that I have been learning to play the
cornet recently.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-11-26
HIS PURPOSE,

SIM TIL wonder what Brwn intends
to do with all the money he got for those
historical novels he wrote?
J-n-s-He intends to travel. He feels
that he ought to visit some OF the places
he wrote about, just to see what they
are like.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-11-26
WHAT Pope DIDN'T KNOW.

Chicago Record Herald.
1T was Pope. I believe she ventured.
"who said: Worth makes the man."
WAS it?' he replied. Then Pope must
be one of those chaps who don't read the
newspapers. If he did he'd know Worth
was a ladies' tailor .
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-11-26
The Burglar Woman.
PHILADELPHIA Press.

Silence, or you're a dead man." the
burglar Kissed, with revolver, leveled at
the mans head.
Madame whispered the man. devising
the burglars sex, your mask Is not on
straight"
Heavens she exclaimed, and as she
tried to adjust it he, thus taking her off
her guard, sprang upon her and disarmsd
her
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1903-10-12

Charles Rider. who has been EN-
ployed by the Pioneer Telephone co.
wer &c Guthrie this morning to take
charge OF the line gang for the same
company Arkansas City Traveller
Rev John NJ. Jackson. superintend.
ent Of the Society for the Homeless
and Friendless in Oklahoma, has re-
signed that position ana win imme
diately assume the pastorate OF the
Methodist Episcopal church at Deaton.
Tex Mr Jackson makes the change
after being siven this tempting offer
The Deaton charge is one Of the first
in Importance in the Austin confer
ence OF the Methodist church He es-
tahlished the oklahoma branch of the
prison reform work in the early part
Of the summer ana has since put il
upon fine working basis.
Gore IHgar returned to the city this
morning.
Dr. l.. J Allen federal live stock I'M
spector was here from Oklahoma city
today
Jasper sipes is heic from Oklahoma
city
Claude McCrory. the enicinent read
ins clerk In The lower house Of the
last legis latura ia here f.om Alva Mr.
McCroy is very popular in Guthrie.
c. j. Crilley Of Iagersoll Woods
county, is in the city
John German. Of sapulpa, was here
today
c A. Downing is here from Topeka.
Jimmy Taylor representing ire
wiliamson-Holsall-Frazier CO.. was in
town Sunday
Jacob Leon, the vel. known Kansas
City whisky salesman. is in the city
looking after his local trade
Mrs ]. e. Ball is visiting friends in
wichita.
Paul Foster accompanied Edgar W.
Jones ON the latter's retln from Mex
leo Mr. Foster win return 70 Mexico
ln lew days.
Miss Letha Pentecoat has gone 10
Memphis, Tenn where she will visit
Misses Alice and Helen Adams.
an the visiting horsemen left with
their stables Of horses for other tracks
ON which to seek purses and glory.
Miss Shut went to Kansas city this
afternoon for visit with relatives.
w NJ NARROW john Leahey and ed
Tinker, stalwart Democrats of Paw
huska. are in the city en- route to Ho-
bart to attend the meeting Of the
grand lodge. X of p of Oklahoma.
The gentlemen paid rhe Leader a
pleasant call this morning.
Those who failed to witness the ey-
.ening dress parade at Camp Logan
yesterday missed an inspiring spec
.tacle.