davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Columbus journal., 1903-08-05


The castor bean Is q tropical plant;
hence. 1t cannot be successfully culti-
waited ut the North. It is frequently
seen growing there, however. a. an
ornamental plant. It Is q perennial in
warm climates and sometimes attains
q height Of thirty feet, and will live
for several years. It Is q native of
Southern Asia and Northern Africa,
and has been naturalized in Southern
Europe and other warm climates. In
the West Indies It grows with great
luxuriance. It has been cultivated to
q limited extent as a field crop as far
north as 40 degrees; but the climate of
the Southern States is best adapted
to II. In Texas and Southern Florida
It strongly shows its perennial ten
denotes. A castor plant is said to
have been grown in a garden in Gal
weston, the stem of which attained
seven inches in diameter. The plant
continued to yield for seven or eight
years. A hundred bushels of beans
have been raised per acre in localities
in Texas adapted to its culture. The
value of the beans consists in the
oil which they yield. When pure the
oil IL Of q light yellow color, but
when inferior in quality it has a green
ish and sometimes a dark yellowish
tinge. Exposure to the suns rays
bleaches It to Q certain extent. Il is
used In medicine as q cathartic. Il
Il also used in lubricating machinery,
carriage wheels. leather. and 50 forth.
In Hindostan 1t is quite extensively
employed for burning in lamps.-C. l.
Flint.
Prof. Thomas Shaw says that Ayr
shire cattle form the only class of
dairy stock in the counties of Ayr.
Wigtown. Butte. Argyle, Dumfries. Kis-
cudbright and Perth in Scotland.
The Columbus journal., 1903-08-05

Ve1nen0 oS sheep.
A. the result oR several years ex-'
perlence. the Wisconsin station pub
lishes the following conclusions: :
I. From the breeding records Of 614
ewes at this station We conclude that
for such animals and conditions -
ours tho normal period Of CESSATION
ranges from IA TO $50 days after the
date Of service and that more ewes
win lamb 146 days after service than
1t any other time.
z. There II no appreciable differ
ence In the period Of CESSATION for
male and female offspring In sheep.
J. There II IN apparent relation
between the duration Of the period Of
CESSATION and the period required for
reaching maturity. Quick maturing
breeds appear to carry their young for
. shorter period than those breeds
requiring more time to mature
4. Large lambs are on the average
carried In utero for an appreciably
longer period than small or medium
lambs.
5. Lambs dropped before the 144th
and after the 149th day Of pregnancy
are lacking In strength and vitality at
birth.
s. Shropshire ewes were more pro-
lillc than any Of the other breeds and
crosses except the fourth cross Of
Shropshire rams ON . Aefino eve
foundation.
Z. From the data presented Il Is
apparent that twins are the normal
increase for ewes Of the mutton type.
8. One year old rams are not SO pro
linc Is those two or three years old
Ewes also average . larger percent
age Of increase In lambs after they
reach full maturity ut three years Of
age until after they are six years old.
when the rate Of increase diminishes
8. The amount OF service required
Of the ram in breeding has an infiu-
ence on the percentage increase In Oh,
spring Of the ewes that produce
lambs. Ewes bred early in the sea
son Of mating to single ram dropped
. larger percentage Of lambs THAI
those near the latter end Of the Sea
000.
The Columbus journal., 1903-08-05

Tn OylAlY AND OvIDUc1 o. = LAxuo 6I0
called by anatomists chalazes, which
pass quite through the white at the
ends, and being. as 1t were. embed
ded therein, thus preventing the yolk
and germ from rolling about when
the egg is moved, and serving to
keep the germ urpermost. 80 that It
may best receive the heat impaired
during incubation.
It is during the passage Of the egg
through the lower part Of the owl
duct that 1t gets covered with the two
skins which are found inside the
shell. These. although lying close
around the egg. at the thick end be-
come separate. and form what Is
called the air.bubble or chamber.
When the egg has advanced more
than halfway down the oviduct, 1t
is still destitute Of shell, which be-
gins to be formed by . process Of
secretion. and when about completed
the various shades of brown and tint
ed coloring matter is impaired In
those breeds in which colored eggs
are peculiar.
The Columbus journal., 1903-08-05
Where the Grange Thrlvea

A report made by Bro. J. II. Sattin8
of Manchester Grange No. sol. On
tario County. N. r.. to the Ohio
Farmer states that the county named
boasts of l6 oranges. the largest hav-
ing 1T members. The total grange
membership is 821. Relative to meet
ings he says:
Current topics are discussed: bills
before the state legislature and con-
gress are often read and discussed: !:
resolutions are drawn up and signed
and sent to our representatives and
are often effective. Thus We infiu-
ence for the good Of all.
Exchange OF seed and stock often
occurs at meetings; methods Of pro
ducing the best crops are asked for
and freely given. Music, instrumental
and vocal, enlivens the young and eld-
erly as well. Quotations Of famous
authors are often rendered in response
to rcll call: histories OF first settlers
of each town are often given in con-
dersed form. County Pomona oranges
arc attended by delegates who are
expected to report the most interest
ing parts of these meetings.
Tine Patrons Fire Relief Associs-
ton saves thousands Of dollars to
members. Usually the cost is about
half that in stock companies. The
grange is this section Is . success In
evArv respect."
The Columbus journal., 1903-08-05
Clever in Failing Orchards.


Western prairie lands are generally
sufficiently fertile for an orchard
growth and need NO enriching until
the trees begin to show signs of
weakness in vigor from crop bearing.
and. even then. may be invigorated by
use Of crops of red or crimson clover
gre vn among the trees. allowing the
crOr to fall and decay upon the ground
each year. By this treatment q large
amount Of decaying vegetable matter
will accumulate upon the land. rich In
plant food and forming a moist pro-
lection from hot summer sun and
deep freezing during winter, . con-
dition conducive to health and vigor
In trees. All lands lacking In humus
can have this element restored to a
great extent by such treatment. and
orchards which have been treated thus
with red clover maintain greater lon
gevity. fruitfulness and greater excel
lence In fruit product, besides such
treatment dispenses with the costly
necessity Of using special fertilizers.
Az to the indications when . bear
ing orchard needs stimulating, the
eminent pomologist. DR.. Warder. once
said: when the growth of the ter
minal branches fail to make an annual
extension Of At least one foot in length.
the trees should be stimulated BY
manuring the land and giving Il thor.
oueh cultivation"
The Columbus journal., 1903-08-05
Good Opinion Of Nebraska.

In the opinion Of the people of
New York. nothing is impossible in
Neoraska. said former Governor
dawes while passing through Lincoln
from New York to the Philippines.
where he goes to resume his duties
as paymaster in the army. The peo.
pie there, he continued. have read
Of Nebraska's prosperity and they
look upon 1t rs 4 state where Door
men accomplish wonders and where
nothing u impossible
The Columbus journal., 1903-08-05
Harvest Hands Needed.

GRAND ISLAND Reports from the
country precincts of tl1Is county are
to the effect that farmers are at a loss
what to do for help for the harvest
fields. though wheat is nearly all cut.
In many instances the ripening has
come SO quickly that women are coy-
PEELED to aid, driving the harvesters,
while the men do the shocking of the
bundles and the directing of the
work.
The Columbus journal., 1903-08-05
An Immense Business.

CALLAWAY-For the month Of
June the three largest cream stations
IN Custer county handled 4l,275
pounds of butter fat. to say nothing
of the smaller stations scattered over
the county. Galway led the process.
sion with 1850 pounds. while Ansley
comes next with 1000 pounds. and
Broken Bow ranks third, with II, ,OS6
pounds. There are also stations 1t
sargent. Mason City, Arnold and
Oconto.
The Columbus journal., 1903-08-05
Gen. Frank wheaton's Record.

Gen. Frank Whe1ton'8 Heeoro.
Maj. Gen. Frank Wheaton, U. s. A..
who died in Washington q few days
ago, served in the army for f0rty-two
years.
Deceased was born in Providence.
r. l., In 1888 and was In his list
year. He became civil engineer, took
part In the Mexican boundary sur
veys and. in 1856. was made lieuten-
ant In the Third U. 8. cavalry. The
generals fighting record was one
greatly to his credit. He took to the
field against the Cheyenne Indians in
1857 and his opening fight was near
Fort Kearny. Neb., where he acquit-
ted himself most CALAMITY. He took
part in the Utah expedition and, on
the breaking out Of the rebellion.
proceeded to his native state and was
made lieutenant colonel of the I'd
Rhode Island volunteers; month
later he was made colonel. and had
The Columbus journal., 1903-08-05
Value Of Soft Feed.


perience in feeding both mash and
cooked feed to fowls and chicks is
that 1t is the best morning feed one
can give. have obtained better re-
suits from feeding mash once q day
than by feeding all hard grain. My
hens lay more eggs. the eggs are
more fertile and my fowls are
healthier when feed q mash once a
Jay. I think it necessary because 1t
furnishes variety, is economical and
allows one to utilize feed that would
otherwise be wasted, and 1t is bene-
fetal because it permits one to mix
certain ingredients that will keep
your fowls healthy. My experience
has been that the right kind of q
condition powder is of as much bene-
fit to poultry as 1t is to horses or
cattle or as a blood purifier or q tonic
is to people. Powdered sulphur and
linseed meal is given at the proper
time and is one of the best muscle
and bone forming feeds. Feeds of this
kind should be fed in the mash for
best results. I was born and raised
on q farm and have always had
poultry. and my fowls have free range
now. take full charge of all Of them
When 1 feed hard grain in the morn
ing the fowls in summer will hunt
. shady place and sit around for
couple Of hours and In winter some Of
them will even go back on the roost,
but when feed mash they don't seem
to be satisfied and SO have to scratch
around for more. hnd the mash to
be the best morning feed because II 10
very nourishing and digests much
quicker than hard grain or any other
feed. I have obtained better results
from this method than any other and
have never had any disease among
my fowls.-Dayid o. Bootz, Peoria
County, Illinois.
The Columbus journal., 1903-08-05
Boy Killed BY Cars.

PLATTSMOUTH-Ray Lille, q II.
year-old boy, was crushed to death
under the wheels of q Burlington
freight train at Pacific Junction on
Tuesday morning. The unfortunate
boy attempted to crawl under q car
when the train was backed down upon
him. His lower limbs were horribly
mutilated and he died soon after the
accident. The lad had been EN-.
ployed rs . call boy by the railroad
company.
The Columbus journal., 1903-08-05

NORFOLK-At q highly successful
missionfest. attended by 1.500 per.
sons. members of Christ Lutheran
church. raised several hundred dol
lars for missions. A choir from
Stanton and one from the st. Paul
Lutheran church of Norfolk were
present. Sermons were delivered by
Rev. Mr.. John Of Bazile Mills and
Rev. Mr.. Merz of Pierce. The feast
was held in Pasewalk park. corner
Pasewalk avenue and Fifth street.
The Columbus journal., 1903-08-05

his troops in Virginia early in May.
SO that they took part in the opening
engagement of the war at Bull Run.
Thereafter the command was with
the Army of the Potomac in all its
desperate engagements. In 1862 the
commander was made brigadier gen.
eral and directed q division of the
Sixth corps at Gettysburg and in the
campaign in the Shenandoah valley
In 1864. and was actively engaged in
the maneuvers preceding the surrea-
der of Lee in 1865 at Appomattox.
For gallantry at the battles of Ope-
guam, Fishers Hill and Middletown.
Va. he was made major general and
further honors came to him for
bravery in the battles OF the Wilder.
ness, Cedar Creek and Petersburg
For his chivalric conduct In these en-
gagements the state of Rhode Island
presented him with q sword In 1866.
The civil war over, he was made lieu.
tenant colonel of the 39th U. s. in
fantry and made colonel of the Sec
ond U. S. infantry in 1874. Later he
was made brigadier and major gener-
al, held commands In Dakota, Mon
tana and Nebraska, and took part in
many severe encounters with the In
dams on the plains. Since 1897 he
had been on the retired list and had
made his home in Washington.
The Columbus journal., 1903-08-05

When . ngature IL bound closely
round q branch. the obstruction that Il
imposes to the descending juices
carses IN enlargement or swollen ring
above the Ngature.
The Columbus journal., 1903-08-05
Five Candidates for cadetships.

Five Candidates for cadetships.
Congressman Kinkaid
came in and spent the day with Kear.
ney friends. His special business was
to look after the coming cadet exam.
ination for West Point, the candidates
being five in number.
The Columbus journal., 1903-08-05
Lesson from the Forest.

II the forest fails to coax q greater
amount OF rain from the clouds, Il
does not fail to make good use Of
what does fall. The water which
reaches the ground may follow two
distinct courses. Part Of it may run
away upon the surface, to quickly
swell the streams and produce the
sRring or autumn freshet. Anothes
part percolates into the soil, being
held there to be used again by plants,
or. passing downward, supplies the
underground flow of springs and
streams. The proportionate amount
Of these two factors is Of the highest
importance to the welfare Of the farm
er and Of the adjacent communities.
This proportion Is determined by the
topography G the region. the nature Of
the underlying rock. the character Of
the soil and Of its surface covering.
OF these sonly the surface conditions
are within the control of man. No
better surface conditions for inducing
underground how are to be found
anywhere than those which the forest
floor presents. Its irregularity. its
h0llows and hillocks. its mulch Of
leaves and its coating Of moss. the
loose, granular condition Of the soil
beneath, and the large admixture Of
humus near the surface. all tend to
hold back the rain and afford Il IN
easy entrance into the soil. Il may be
said in passing that this large admix.
ture of humus Is one of the most i'm
p0rtant factors In rendering virgin
soil SO productive. II not only per-
mits water to penetrate the soil more
readily. but II also enables more water
to be held. 1t furnishes the mechani-
cal condition best adapted to plant
growth and least favorable to harden
ing or baking. The farmer may we'll
take q lesson from the forest, and en-
brace every opportunity to add humus
to his soil-Rhode Island Station Re-
port.
The Columbus journal., 1903-08-05

Locating the Psaeh Orchard
In spite Of TIE disasters expesieneed
y peach growers during the lase
I've years. peach orchards are bo-
Nc planted In Considerable num6og0
md On large areas. This - Q wise
hing to do. - . big crop nov ana
hen help to average up tAe lean
ears and the years when the ffsssss
lestroy large areas q peach orchaEdA
Gradually localities are being found
most of our states where the dis-
ssteES cone rarely and where cropo
II peaches are common.
SOIL for peach orchards may b
Il almost any character. sxespt
swampy. Wherevee situated Il should
contain enough sand TO permit o. .
'ort Of natural drainage about the
eoots. Where there u . hard. com
pact clay beneath, peach trees should
not be planted. - the roots of tAs
trees ind IL dimcult q impossible to
penetrate it and are compelled to feed
only In the surface soil When the
water In the surface soi n gone. the
roots arc exposed to the droutA.
When they 60 into winter in this
condition they. are moro easily affect.
ed BY the cold. Il 10 now believed
that moisture In the soil has . very
important influence In bringing trees
through severe winters unhaImed. In
addition. where there % . hard pan
that win hold water. some Of the
trees viii most likely b set In basins
that win keep their roots Immersed
for weeks during the vet weather.
This often results IN the destruction
Of the tree. % the roots Of peach trees
must have air % wen 40 water to
enable them TO grow. The texture
Of the subsoil has much to do with
the success Of the peach orchard. II
must not be % impervious to water
as to hold II for long periods and II
must not be % porous - to permit
1t to leach away too readily. The soil
should be loose enough to permit The
passage Of water but must b cloos
enough to keep the law Of capillary
attraction In operation. A good
peach soil 10 neither too rich nor t0o
poor. A too rich soil gives wood
growth at the expense Of fruit,
The Columbus journal., 1903-08-05
Good Yield and Good Quality.

BEATRICE-Ira Ray, q farmer re-
siding four miles northeast of this city,
finished threshing his wheat crop and
of of ten acres he received q yield
of twenty-four bushels per acrA
The Columbus journal., 1903-08-05
An Old Soldiers Story.

IL Is not OIton t08t 3 man COmmlCS
suicide on the field of battle" said
Col. Prentiss Ingraham. author, trav-
eler, dramatist. and soldier in seven
wars, "either voluntarily or involun-
tari!y. but 1t happens sometimes, and
that 4 did happen once when I was
q parry to it saved my life. My first
experience as a Confederate soldier
was under Van Dorm, in Missouri, and
some Of the small battles we had in
the Southwest were about as nasty
fighting as q soldier ever has to do.
belonged to q company of scouts. and
early one morning We were surprised
by q squadron of Federal cavalry that
We thought was ON the other side Of
a stream we we're supposed to be
guarding. I think we had about sew
enty-five men in our company, and
there were Just about that many Yam
KEGS. They came down on us with .
rush, and while most Of our men got
to horse and went at them hot and
heavy. q dozen or 50 of us missed our
mounts. and We formed into q little
platoon, and faced the foe. We had
muskets, the oldrfashioned sort, with
hammers, ard when the fight got real
warm We had to scatter somewhat.
Pretty sooon I found myself hand to
hand, or rather musket to sabre. with
a Yankee on Q horse tina: looked to
me ~ big ~ ha;Stack.
He came at me cutting and slash
ing to kin and murder. and I tried to
shoot him. for I had my old muzzle
loader ready for business. but he was
10 close on me that had to use my
The Columbus journal., 1903-08-05
Drummer Boy OF Shiloh.

~ sOssssssSs OSy W SssssOsss
"An item In the Post, mentioning
the presence In the city of Lieutenant
Colonel John L. Glen of the quarter.
masters department, United States
army" said q veteran of the civil war.
brings to mind his first appearance
on the military stage as the Drum
mer Boy of Shiloh At the age of II
he was a drummer in the Twenty-Sec-
ond regiment, Michigan infantry. and
his extreme youthfulness, together
with his bravery under fire at the bat
tie of Shiloh. Tennessee. interested a
of the war he was educated under
their auspices and a commission Sc
cured for him in the regular army
"A fact that the general public long
ago lost sight of. for though the news
papers made frequent mention of 1t
thirty years ago, have not seen a
reference to it in many years.
During the battle q general of bri-
gade saw the little fellow in the thick.
sat CT the fight, and he called an aid.
"'See what that child is doing there
on the firing hne-Clem was . little
fellow, even for his age-'a and send
him to the rear
The order was obeyed, but Johnny
could not be kept at the rear, and he
was soon again in the thickest of the
fight, and having abandoned his drum
and secured . musket, he was doing
his best with q gun that weighed al
mcst as much as he did."-Washing-
ton Post.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1903-09-17

the walls Of the capitol where they
would be constantly before Their
eyes. it might be a wholesome re-
straint upon national truculenee and
iingoism. Commissioner Ware does
not look for any increase Of the pen
sion expenditure, but gradual fall
ing of is expected However, it IS
to be noted that $500 invalids and
1862 widows are already pensioned
on account of the var with Spain,
and the annual value of this PEN
sion roll has already reached 81, 765,-
$40. While only a fraction Of the
army raised for this war was ever
in serious action, the mortality and
disability from climatic diseases was
very large, and the pension list Is
bound to grow
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1903-09-17

The annual report Of the pension
department contains many interest
ing facts and several valuable sug-
gestions from Commissioner Ware.
Helestimates that of the survivors of
the great army Of the war for the
union about 100000, exclusive Of the
deserters, remain mpensioned, and
these are falling into the disabilities
OF age and applying for pensions at
the rate Of $4,000 a year. In ten
years he estimates the unpcnsioned
survivor Of the war viii cease to eX-
ist. He would advise the govern
ment to make all persons who are
convicted IN court Of an infamous
crime ineligible to pension, and he
would bar from the pension privilege
All women who marry Old epGsioners.
The abuse Of the widows pension
right has long been IN practice. Five
pensions are still being paid on ac-
count Of the revolution, which ended
l20 years ago The American force
IN that war was never formidable.
We paid Mexico Sl5,O00,00O for the
territory we took from her, mcasur-
ing nearly a million square miles,
and we have paid the pensioners OF
that army nearly as much. The TO-
fal Of pensions paid up to date on
account Of the civil war is S2,S62,-
24O,4O0O This amount would hay,
paid 81, 600 per capita for ever,
slage-man. woman and child. Il
would have perhaps staggered tn,
nation to present such proposition
as a settlement OF the dispute oscl
slavery, but it would have been in.
finitely cheaper than the aggregat,
Of pensions. the national debt aad
The awful sacrifice of lives and limb.
and health.
War, besides being a reyersion e
barbarism, Is the most expensive fol
y that a nation can engage in. Il
oongIessafould always hayc tbe ssa
tistics Of past wars emblazoned upoI
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1903-09-17
PUBLICATION NOTICE.
(First published in the Daily Leadei
September 8, 1903.)

(First published in the Daily Leader
September 8, 1903.)
Application for Liquor License.
Territory OF Oklahoma, County Of
Logan. ss.
Notice is hereby given that
Frank E. Mater
has this day fled in the office OF the
County Clerk, in and for said County
of Logan, his petition. asking that a
license be granted him to sell at retail,
malt, spirituous and vinous liquors on
Lot 10. block No 5s, in the Third
ward, Guthrie proper, in said Comfy
and Territory.
II no protest be filed onor before
22d day Of September, 1903,
hi spebtion will be granted and
license issued.
Witness my hand and the seal OF
said County hereto affixed this
Sth day of September, 1903.
7th day of August, 1908.
(sEAL)
N. J. C. Johnson,
County Clerk.
b. ]. w. Burnett. Deputy.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1903-09-17
SI'EAIsk4iR
- EIaiII5. a.!l5diEliliT
GIRoFLE-G1RoFL,A

Girofie-Girohe will be presented at
the Opera House on Saturday. Sept 26
by the Columbia Opera Co. This COM
pany has received fiattering notices
wherever they have appeared. The
cast is strong and we'll balanced, and
is composed of fine singers and good
actors The chorus is made up of
pretty girls with good voices, we'll
trained. The music of this opera Is
unusually good. the comedy refined
and excruclatingly funny. The cos
tuning is magnificent and the scenery
beautiful. A treat is in store for our
music-loving people and they should
avail themselves of the opportunity
to see what promises to be the event
of the season in the Comic Opera line.
The principals include Miss Emma De
Bold, Prima Donna; Mr.. Chas. N.
Holmes and Mr. Frank Ralston. ten
ors; Mr.. Otto L. Jaencon, Baritone;
Mr.. Ell Graves. Comedian Miss Ma
rie F. Dickey. Contralto; Miss Jessie
Highlands, Soubrette, and Mr.. r. Ray
field, Basso.