The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1903-11-27
cost is estimated at about s1OooO,OOO.
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The CORlNTH CANAL.
The next of the great ship canals con-
Meeting bodies of salt water in the or
der OF date of construction is the
Corinth canal, which connects the Gulf
of Corinth with the Gulf of Aegina. The
canal reduces the distance from Adriatic
ports about IT'S miles and from Mediter-
ranean ports about 100 miles Its length
Is about miles. part of which was
cut through granite soft rock and the
remainder through soil. There are no
locks, as is also the case in both the
Suez and Constadt canals, already de-
scribed. The width of the canal is 72
feet at bottom and the depth 2614 feet.
The work was begun in 1884 and COM
pIeted in 1893 at a cost of about $5,000,-
600. The average tolls are IS cents per
ton and 20 cents per passenger.
THE MANCHESTER SHIP CANAL.
The Manchester ship canal, which con-
meets Manchester, England, with the
Mersey river, Liverpool, and the Allan
tic ocean, was opened for traffic January
1, 1894. The length of the canal is 35ls
miles, the total rise from the water level
to Manchester being go feet, which IS
divided between four sets of locks, Civ
ing an average to each of Is feet. The
minimum width is 120 feet at the bot
tom and average IT'S feet at the water
level, though in places the width is
extended to go feet. The minimum
depth is 26 feet. and the time required
for navigating the canal from five to
eight hours. The total amount of exca-
walton in the canal and docks was about
As 900, 900 cubic yards, of which about
one-fourth was sandstone rock. The lock
gates are operated by hydraulic power;
railways and bridges crossing the route
of the canal have been raised to give a
height of rs feet to vessels traversing the
canal, and an ordinary canal whose
route it crosses is carried across by a
springing aqueduct composed of an iron
caisson resting upon pivot pier. The
total cost of the canal is given at $75,-
900, 000 The revenue in 1901, according
to the Statesman's Yearbook, was G621,-
12S, and the working expenses, E483, 267.
For the half year ending June 80, 1900.
the canal yielded 216,48S toward paying
the s Zip, 500 of interest which the city
of Manchester has to pay on the capital
invested in the enterprise. The freight
paying tolls ION the canal amounted to
1,4s7, SAL tons in the ha4f year, an in
crease of IL per cent over that of the
corresponding period Of the preceding
year.
THE KAISER WILHELM CANAL
Two canals connect the Baltic North
seas through Germany, the first, known
as the Kaiser Wilhelm canal having
been completed in 1885 and constructed
but proving also of great value to gen
eral mercantile traffic. Work upon the
Kaiser Wilhelm canal was begun in
1887, and completed as above indicated,
IN 1872 Inc IenSth OF the canal Is oil
miles, the terminus in the Baltic sea
being at the harbor of Kiel. The depth
is 291z feet. the width at the bottom q
feet, and the minimum width at the sur
face 100 feet The route lies chiefly
through marshes and shallow lakes and
along river valleys. The total excava-
ton amounted to about 100, 600 600 cubic
yards, and the cost to about $40, 600, 600.
The number of vessels passing through
the canal in 1900 was 81. with a tom
mage of 4, 2S2, Pos. and the dues collected
amounted to 2,13a,1 marks.
SHIP CANALS CONNECTING THE
GREAT LAKES
Three ship canals intended to give
continuous passage to vessels from the
head of Lake Superior to Lake Ontario
and the St. Lawrence river are the Wei
land canal. originally constructed IN
1888 and enlarged in 1871 and 1900; the
ST. Marys Falls canal at SauIt Ste
Marie, Mich, opened in 1855 and en-
larged in 1881 and 1896, and the Canad-
ian canal at st. Marys river opened in