davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1903-12-12
PANAMA AND MOSQUITOES.
Great Importance Of Speedy Action
Toward Sanitation.

From the Medical Record
Now that 1t is practically decided that q
canal. to divide the continents of North and
South America. will be built. it may not be
out of place to consider the probable effects
of this undertaking from sanitary point
of view. In the first instance, 1t would seem
certain that the building of an isthmian
canal will be attended by great loss of life,
unless measures are enforced to render the
conditions in the regions through which the
waterway must pass less inimical to health
than is the case at present. The district
bordering on the proposed Panama route is,
perhaps, one of the most VIGOROUSLY I'M
healthy in the world. This fact was con-
clusively proved by the mortality and sick
ness among the laborers on the portion of
the Panama canal built by the Lesseps
company. White men were unable to live
for any length Of time in the locality and
the mortality among the Chinese, and to
lesser extent among the negroes, was
frightful.
Sir Patrick Manson. in a paper read be-
fore the Chronological Society of Great
Britain February 25, of this year, fore
Swallowed the possible danger of invasion
by yellow fever of Asia as the consequence
of the digging of the Panama canal. He
pointed out that ShiplOadS of laborerS would
soon be plying between Panama and the
seaports of Asia. and that unless extraor-
binary precautions were taken the inevita-
Die result must De Lnat the maIaQy WOulQ
be conveyed and spread among the seething
multitudes of the far east. In the Journal
of Tropical Medicine, August Is, 1903, DR..
st. George Gray Sierra Leone, returns to
this subject and discusses the sanitary
measures necessary to prevent the intro
duction of yellow fever into Asia from
Panama. He is of the opinion that these
may be divided into (a) measures to be
adopted at the point of departure. L., at
the Central American port, and (b) meas
ures to be adopted at the port Of arrival
the Asiauc port.
The writer takes it as absolutely proven
that mosquitoes are the sole cause of yellow
fever, and suggests that an international
sanitary board should be appointed by the
governments having interests in the far
east. and that they should be especially
qualified for the work. They should have
powers to frame such quarantine or other
regulations as may be deemed necessary
and to enforce these regulations by means
of penalties which should be sufficiently
heavy to insure their being carried out by
the most careless and indifferent of cap
tains. The sanitary board should make
sure that no vessels which have not been
thoroughly cleared of mosquitoes leave the
isthmus for any Asiatic port. The final
clearing of mosquitoes should take place at
an anchorage to be selected for the purpose
at least 800 yards away from the nearest
shore. and once the fumigation is completed
the vessel should not approach the shore
again, but passengers, mails and cargo from
open lighters could be received aboard
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1903-12-12
VEGETABLE PoRCUPINE.
Wild Cattle Eat the Razor-Like Spines
With Seeming Iron-Clad Mouths.

From Country Life in America.
The best-hated cactus in America is the
choIla. The Mexicans say that II you go
near cholla joint 1t will jump at you. Ger
tainly If you touch one 1t will stick, and
when you try to free yourself 1t will pierce
your other hand as WELL Each pendant
joint seems to reach out for the sser-by,
and the ground beneath the broad cholla
trees is strewn with fallen fragments, many
Of which take root and grow.
After one has felt the sharp spines
through heavy boots and seen their needle
points. 1t Is a source of continual wonder
to see the wild cattle of Arizona quietly
browsing on chollas. The phrase CACTUS
fed" as applied to Arizona, 10 not q figure
of speech. During the years Of drought
thousands of cattle carry themselves over
until the next grass by eating chollas. With
their leathery tongues and lips they strip
the spiny joints from the trunk and leave
the wide-spreading cactus a bare and woody
skeleton. 1t Is only the range cattle. whose
mouths have been hardened on the thorny
MESQUITE and ironwood browse, who will
undertake to eat cactus, and cattlemen
therefore often burn the thorns from chol-
las and nopals In order to tempt their more
fastidious animals to eat.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1903-12-12
SOME MIGHTY APES.
Collection Presentedlsrto New York
Academy of Natural Sciences.

Collection Presentedisrto New York
Academy of Natural Sciences.
From the New York Tribune
The Darwinian theory of the descent Of
man may soon be studlgd at close range,
owing to the generosity of a prominent
Philadelphian. DR.. ThondAs Bfddle, who has
just returned from Europe yith what Is be-
heved to be the most complete collection of
anthropoid apes ever owned by one person.
The specimens were obtained from various
sources and prepared kyathe German taxi
dermist. umlauff Among them is a fine
specimen of that rarsiy secured animal, the
gorilla. On account Of It's immense strength
and ferocfty when cornered It has been most
dimcuit even to obtain a dead specimen Of
the gorilla family. 1t being necessary to
risk life in order to track 1t to its lair In
the interior of Africa. The specimen So
cured by DR.. Biddle was shot by a ven
turesome German, George Zenker. near the
Yaunde Station, Western Africa. little 10
the north of the equator
The height of this gorilla IL q little over
five feet. and the STRONGEST man would proh
ably be plaything In it's banda. To some
monkeys. despite their lack Of rood looks
the expression cute may apply but A. IL
not possible to so describe the gorilla. with
his fiat nose. enormous jaws and profrud-
Ing teeth. the thick neck ana bsaiefne chest
this ape Is TAR from the human ideal Of q
Landscape animal
When he can, the gorilla win run from q
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1903-12-12
HOW TURKS MAKE COFFEE.
It Isn't So Easy, but Product is De
lightfu1.

From the Boston Globe.
To make the perfect cup of Turkish coffee
is, like many other things. very easy when
the maker knows haw to do it, but unless
the art has been learned in Turkey it is diff
ficult.
No one can make a perfect cup Of coffee
unless he has been to Turkey. There is as
much difference between the ordinary cup
of coffee and the exquisite and allurlng bev-
erage with all its subtle aroma as made by
the artist as there is between horsef1esh
and the best English beef. The Turks
method is simple They have many little
pots of various sizes. If they want to ma Ike
two cups only they use the smaller one,
and If three cups larger one When the
water has boiled they fill the little pot al
most to the top with water, then put in
three Jumps of sugar and put the pot on the
fire to boil. When it Is hot they put in two
teaspoonfulls of coffee ground very fine,
and then stir 1t round until 1t Is thoroughly
mixed with the water.
The next step is to place the pot on the
fire again and watch it very carefully until
the coffee bubbles up to froth, and before
this froth escapes over the side you take
the pot from the fire and tap the bottom
gently on the stove till the froth goes down.
Once again the coffee is allowed to bubble
over the fire, and the process of tapping the
pot on the stove Is repeated three times.
When the fourth rises to the surface for
the fourth time the pot should be taken
from the fire and the coffee should be
poured first into one cup and then into an
other, so that each cup contains a portion
of the froth on the top.
The Englishman cannot make coffee at
all. He tries hard, but never succeeds
either in making perfect cup of Turkish
or French coffee. The Frenchman, the
other hand. also tries hard to make per-
feet cup of Turkish coffee, but he meets
with little more success than the English
man.
One thing must never be forgotten. The
coffee must be freshly roasted and ground.
1t must not be roasted too black, a dark
brown is the ideal color. Then the flavor
Is divine.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1903-12-12

of china, are the work of one separate de-
partment which does nothing else, 5ust az
the trunks are the special feature OF an
other. The heads at first mere hairless
pates as bare as the infantile Uranium, are
naturally the objects of especial care and
necessitate the attention of many dinerent
artisans. One man paints the eyebrows,
another the lips. one dips the face into
wax to give 1t the likeness of flesh. and
still others attend to its eyes-and the hair!
Most of the blond dolls we see In this
country owe their attractiveness to their
mohair wigs, the material for which Is Inn
ported to Thuringia from England. This.
however, Is not all that goes to the making
OF the really stylish Viola, the kind that,
because she Is most beautiful and dainty.
can be the easiest scalped by the rough
little brothers. If she Is born in the purple
she must have glass eyes. These lustrous
orbs are carefully blown over gas as hot
as goes to the manufacture OF the finest OF
Bohemian glass. They are then connected
by WIRE and II the lady Is to be one that
has the charming ability to go to sleep the
wire Is weighted by bit of lead.
II to all these graces there Is to be added
a voice that can call for its parents. or
otherwise articulate Its woe, a great deal
more labor and cunning is brought Into
play.
Two Thousand Dressmakers.
In Sonneberg over 1000 women and girls
act as dressmakers and attend to the rob-
ing of the dolls. Some of the toilets are
very elaborate and the prevailing styles
must be just as carefully followed as If the
costumes were designed for reigning
queens of society.
Sonneberg's toymaking supremacy dates
back to the beginning of the seventeenth
century and has been maintained for near
ly three hundred years.
The industry did not really have it's origin
there. for as early as 400, almost a century
before Columbus started on his history
making voyage, dollmaking was a profit
able industry in Nuremberg and Augsburg.
Then in the sixteenth century the art was
introduced into the little village of Judeu-
bach.
By reason of it's favorable situa ton near
the Nurnberg- Sac hsische Geleits-strasse. a
road much frequented ever since the thir-
teenth century and the only means of COM
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1903-12-12
Attitude Of United States.

we believe that our government should
We believe that our government should
the fui1ilment by Russia of her promises to
evacuate Manchuria. The interests of the
United States and of England in the pres
ent situation are identical with those of
Japan, and we ought to cooperate with
Japan to the extent of SAYING to Russia:
You must keep your promises or all friend
ship ceases" We believe that such an atti-
tude by the American government. support
ed by the American people. would stop Rus
sia Immediately The United States is In a
better position to take the initiative in this
matter than is England. for Russia, in ad-
dition to being an Asiatic power, is a Eu-
ropean power, and any movement by En-
gland or any other power In Europe toward
insisting upon her fulfllment of her prom
ises might be looked upon as threatening
the maintenance of the balance Of power in
Europe.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1903-12-12
HOME OF SANTA CLAUS
A City Where Toymaking
is the Sole Industry.
IN FAR-OFF GERMANY
ITS PRODUCTS 60 TO ALL PARTS
OF THE WORLD.
A People to Whom Christmas is Not q
Joy, but a Neces-
sity.
In FAR-OFF GERMANY


Written for The Evening Star.
AT this season of the year the typical
American child must often wonder from
what monster workshop Santa Claus gets
the immense stock of toys with which he
supplies the juvenile world. Even inquiring
elders. long since deprived of the joy of an
implicit faith in the existence of a patron
saint whose one aim is to cheer the chill
dren. find themselves specializing on the
origin of the millions of toys and dolls, big
and little. cheap and expensive. which line
counters. fill shelves and even overflow the
streets
Sonneberg Is the real home Of Santa
Claus the magic realm from which the
jolly white-bearded old philanthropist fills
his inexhaustible pack. Located in Ger
many. in the heart of the Thuringian forest
stored region from which so many legends
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1903-12-12
From Country Life in America.

A new danger has arisen to the mountain
laurel which IL the most important Ameri-
can wild flower that Is In danger of exter-
mination. The spoon and ladle manufac-
turers and the furniture makers have for
some time wrought great havoc among the
rhododendrons and kalmias. and now the
pipe-makers are after the roots of the lau
rel. The mountain laurel ought never to be
used for Christmas decorations. It ia too
rare and choice plant. and always will be.
The laurel ID slow grower. and demands
peculiar conditions of soil and shade. East
ernars ought to be as proud of II ~ the Cal
ifornians are of their big trees. and protect
It by law. The amount of laurel shipped
from Maryland and Virginia for use at
Christmas TINA II amall compared with the
quantity now used all the year round to
decorate the fruit stands In the hig cities.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1903-12-12
BOAT BUILDERS.

NEW. the dogs bark. the horses neigh. and
the uninitiated visitor suddenly entering
one of these work rooms when the artisans
are fixing in each animal its proper vocal
&C rds might imagine animals In a menag-
erie where bedlam had suddenly broken
loose.
Every civilized country in the world re-
ceives Its quota of toys from Sonneberg
and this year even such far on places as
South Africa. India. Russia. Australia and
Egypt are included. Dolls will sell where
the product Of everything else but the bake
shop goes begging. The natural instinct IN
the little girl Is universal. and dolls Of all
toys Infinitely the most popular. The
youthful maidens are patriotic. however
and with fine sense OF consistency de-
ma nd that their dolls be of the same color
and nationality as themselves.
So dainty little French dolls. arrayed In
the very latest of Partisan styles. go to the
youthful comDatricts of President Loubet
the German, English and American baby
n. others each have their preferred type of
beauty. colored babies are made for the
| little black damsels of South Africa. gaily
decorated Japanese dolls for living Japs
and Acknowledged celestiais for Chinaland
which keeps out as many occidental prod
ucts as possible. but which cannot stop the
triumphant march OF the all-eonquering
doll.
Do the Work at Home.
A very interesting feature Of the toy
making industry in Sonneberg is the fact
that q considerable percentage of the doll
making Is done in the homes OF the In
habitants. Eacn family has its particular
share. In one house the feet are made. In
one adjoining perhaps the bodies After
each family has made its quota of parts
they are brought to the factory and the
dolls are put together All work is paid
for by the piece. and as to hours, these
people are their own masters.
Simple as the doll appears in the hands
of it's proud baby owner. It is like most
simple seeming things. very complicated
organism. Many have . hand In the process
OF its formation. The arms and legs for
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1903-12-12

ened and widowed when moistened. A
decided advance can. therefore, be recorded
only when Friedrich Muller a citizen of
SOnneberg, began to use papier mache. a
substance Of which he had heard from a
French soldier The figures were no longer
modelled as before, but the plastic mass
was now pressed into shape by moids
By means of this new substance Some
berg produced its wares with almost me-
chanical rapidity. The cost Of this new
ware was moreover, considerably reduced
a most significant factor in the manufacture
of toys.
Sonneberg citizens are very proud of the
fact that 1t was in their town that jointed
dolls were first made Strangely enough, 1t
was from far-off China that the idea first
came, and although these oriental dolls
with the movable limbo strung together by
cords drawn through the joints were rough
and crude they were the forerunners of
one of the greatest advances which the
doll trade has ever known. The new Joint
ed dolls became instantly popular ali over
the world and reflected new glory on Som
neberg.
In coloring the faces OF these dolls white
lead. poisonous paint was long employed
until. by legislative action. its use was
prohibited. Nowadays the innocuous zinc
The hair of dolls. after many failures with
other materials. Is now made of mohair
and the fur of the Angora goat.
IN this manner the toy industry slowly
oeVeiopeo 10 IT'S present state How numer-
Gus are the varieties of toys now made
may be inferred when it Is considered that
the design room of Sonneberg factory
contains from twelve to eighteen thousand
designs
Encouraging the Industry.
In order to maintain the position which
they have reached toymakers are constant
iy compelled to bring forth new models and
adapt their products to the tastes ana po-
culiarities Of foreign purchasers. Years
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1903-12-12
Officers Of the Senate.
Representatives.

DAN'L NJ. RANSDELL. Sergt, alarms 100 B ne.
CHARLES G. BENNETT. Secy.. The Shoreham
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1903-12-12

1t pays to read the want columns Of The
star Hundrsds OF situations are filled
through them
The Kootenai herald. [volume] (Kootenai, Idaho) 1891-1904, 1903-02-20
"CALAMIN JANE"
"BAD MAN" OF THE WEST.

Calamity Jane" who, after several
years of quiet life, has reappeared in
her old character of daredevil at Sheri-
dan. Wyo., does not seem TO have lost
any of the spirit she had in the early
days of her adventurous life, when she
served as a scout for the Indian fight
er, General Crook. and was a real bad
man" of the plains. This remarkable
woman is now closing 60, but is still
strong and 1.-THE. Last summer she
was taken i'll at Pierre, S. D., and suf-
fered much from privation. Her cause
was taken up by Mrs Josephine Brake,
a wealthy and philanthropic woman Of
Buffalo, who took her out of the West
and tried to reform her. But the noun
tain fingered In the memory Of Jane
and drew her back to her old life. Mrs.
The Kootenai herald. [volume] (Kootenai, Idaho) 1891-1904, 1903-02-20
OLDEST CARRIAGE STILL IN USE.

While famed in verse, the "One-
Hoss- Shay" is no Pigment of the imag-
nation. It's prototype exists. The old
Trumbull wagon, built in 1776, is still
as good as new. For 126 years this
now ancient vehicle has bumped and
jolted over country roads, and every
part is yet in good condition and able
to do hard service. The carriage is
now making a tour through the New
England States. The carriage was de-
signed by Jonathan Trumbull, the first
Governor of Connecticut, and built by
Josiah Crane, who, in those days, was
the best builder of carriages in the
country. This is due to the builder
working by hand and doing every part
'as well as he could" The only tools
used in it's manufacture were an adze,
hand saw, draw shave, jack plane,
auger and hammer. Every piece of
iron. every bolt and rivet was forged
by Mr.. Cranes own hand. 1t cost $50
sterling and was eight months in
building.
The Kootenai herald. [volume] (Kootenai, Idaho) 1891-1904, 1903-02-20
TRADE REPORT.

New YOrk.-DIuus.4e Gets report Oh
.Iaue last week says:
DlstrlUutIye trade and productive i'll
4ustry feel the influence OIL spIIAsnAe
.,eaLner, better cOhecuOns, sLeauy anu
wen strong prices for staples, sOAe
Improvement IN the railway LranspOl-
cation situation and cheaper and bet
,er supplies of coal at the east.
An additional feature not as yet
given full consideration is the signing
of the new bituminous coal wage scale
by which any possible strike from this
source is prevented. Mild weather
makes for increased activity in out
door work, while active movements in
lumber, structural iron and steel, build
er's hardware and myriad of other
lines lead to the belief that the pres
ent season, Notwithstanding high
prices of raw materials. will witness
immense building operations.
All in all, the situation is one prac-
tically never equaled before at this
Time, confirming early predictions that
the first half of the year 1903 was Sc
cure beyond peradventure.
Perhaps the most notable feature in
the entire situation is the fact that
present high prices do not as yet seem
to check consumption.
The dry goods trade the country ov-
er sends excellent reports.
Wheat, including -four, exports for
the week aggregate 2.S56,4S9 bushels.
Wheat exports since July l aggregat-
ed 155,421, 1927 bushels.
Business failures in the United
States for the week number 214. In
Canada failures for the week number
"a.
The Kootenai herald. [volume] (Kootenai, Idaho) 1891-1904, 1903-02-20

Brake has used much influence to Sc
cure a pension for the former scout,
but not with success. Calamity
Jane" was formerly the life of the
mining camps in the West. She would
turn in and help with the enthusi-
asm of untried youth. and miners
dotted on her. She was also a friend
of the cowboy, and was herself an ex-
cellent hand at that trade. Her last
appearance in print was made last
year, when she was rescued from her
''shack" in South Dakota by her Buff
falo. benefactress.
The Kootenai herald. [volume] (Kootenai, Idaho) 1891-1904, 1903-02-20
Called "Tlme" on the Mayor.

A provincial Mayor tells a good story
at his own expense. 1t seems that
when in office he would sometimes re
turn home late at night, after his wife
had retired, and when she asked him
what time it was would answer,
about r." or "a little after mid
night"
On one occasion, instead of making
the inquiry, she said:
alfred, l wish you would stop that
clock; l cannot sleep for its noise"
All unsuspicious, he stopped the pen
dulum. In the morning, while dress
ing, his wife inquired, artlessly:
''Oh, by the way, what time did you
get homer
about midnight" replied the May
or.
alfred, look at that clockp
The hands of the clock pointed at
2:3O.
The Mayor was crushed.-London
Tit-Bits.
The Kootenai herald. [volume] (Kootenai, Idaho) 1891-1904, 1903-02-20
Straight Homestead Law.

Washington, Feb. 16.-The senate
committee on public lands, after an
animated controversy, has decided to
favorably report Senator Quarles' bill
repeating the desert land law, the tim
Der and stone entry law and the COM
mutation provision of the homestead
law, leaving only the straight five year
residence homestead law under which
the public lands may be taken up for
homes.
The Kootenai herald. [volume] (Kootenai, Idaho) 1891-1904, 1903-02-20

only too thankful to you for your kind
advice and for the good health that
am enjoying wholly from the use OF
your Peruna. Have been out to the
Yellowstone National Park and many
other places of the West, and shall
always thank you for your generosity"
Mrs. F. E. Little.
If you do not derive prompt and sab
isfactory results IRON the use of Peruna.
write at once to DR.. Hartman, giving
full statement of your case, and he
will be pleased to give you his valuable
advice gratis.
Address DR.. Hartman, President Of
the Hartman Sanitsrium, Columbus,
Ohio
The Kootenai herald. [volume] (Kootenai, Idaho) 1891-1904, 1903-02-20
"A VENERABLE PASTOR
CURED BY PE=RU=NA

In old age the mucous membrane be-
comes thickened and partly lose their
functions.
This leads to partial loss of hearing,
smell and taste, as we'll as digestive
disturbances.
Peruna corrects all this by its specific
operation on all the mucous membranes
of the body.
One bottle will convince anyone.
Once used and Peruna becomes a life
long standby with old and young.
Mr.. Samuel Saunders of Blythedale,
Mo-, writes: "My disease was catarrh
of the urethra and bladder. got g
bottle of Pe-ru-na and began taking it
and in few days l vas relieved and