New-York tribune., 1903-05-10

produce similar results, auVdHldSeouS hoI O"'
to England and France but likewise 10 the
entire civilized world.
1t is difficult to exaggerate the value of such
mutual courtesies as these, as regards their ef-
feet upon international relations In every CIV
fIized country of the world. matter what the
form of it's government. the final and ultimate
direction of its foreign policy rests Win the
ruler. be he king emperor or president ol It.
public The control of the foreign affairs OF the
United States emanates not from the State De-
partment nor yet from the Senate, but from the
White House; and so it is everywhere in Europe
the Ministers of Foreign Affairs and even the
Premier in such matters as these taxing Ihe'i
orders and their instructions from the ruler
Neither in England, nor yet IN Germany hoi' III
deed anywhere on the Continent, can important
dispatches be sent out by minister or secretary
of state committing his government to any for
eign policy without having received the ap-
proval of the chief of the state. Every one re-
members how Queen Victoria declined TO per-
nit the departure of the message which Loro
Russell and his Cabinet had drawn up for COM
municaton to the United States government
concerning the Trent affair in the early GUS
and which, if sent as first written, would IN
eyitably have resulted in war between the two
countries The German Chancellor, Count Won
Eulow, merely holds his place as long as ne
continues to obey implicitly the Instructions OF
the Kaiser in everything that relates to the
Intercourse of Germany with foreign nations. In
a similar way Count Lamsdorff, IN Russia;
Count Golouchowski, in Austria Hungary; Tew-
fix Pacha in Turkey and Admiral NORM, in
Italy are completely subservient in all that
concerns foreign questions to the respective
sovereigns.
This being the case, and as long as rulers
continue to exercise the supreme dlrectlon OIL
the international relations of their respective
governments, the ties Of personal friendship be-
tween them cannot but contribute IN a large
measure toward the maintenance or that peace
which is of the most important elements OF
proso ~itv. progress and civilization. Now these
ties OF friendship can best be cemented by per-
sonal intercourse and interchange Of views be-
tween the various executives who are other
wise dependent upon the perspicuity, the Judg-
ment and the craftsmanship Of their agents and
ambassadors. It was Gar Nicholas l who III
the days of postchaises that is to say, before
railroads and telegraphs came into use, lnstl-
tuted the system of visiting the various courts
for the sake Of becoming personally acquainted
with his fellow rulers, of learning their views
and imparting to them his own. being unwilling
to remain any longer dependent in the matter
upon the reports of his ambassadors and min
listers abroad. He twice visited Queen Vic
tOria, arriving on the first occasion in London
absolutely unannounced, and in her memoirs
she publicly admits how many prejudices that
had previously existed against him were dis
PEELED by his coming, and how favorable was the
impression which he made, not only at court,
but also in English society. He visited the
Pope at Rome on two occasions, and was fire.
quently at Vienna and at Berlin, declining,
however, to go near Paris, in consequence of
his personal antipathy. first to King Louis
Philippe and then to Napoleon III. The latter
was the next ruler to follow his example and
visited his fellow sovereigns in Germany Italy
Austria and England.
But it was not until the present Emperor
William came to the throne, now nearly fifteen
years ago, that the system of Interchange of
visits between rulers became a regular practice.
When shortly after assuming the rens of gov
ernment the Kaiser started off on a round of