davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The St. Louis Republic., 1903-09-21

by bringing the absurd charges of School Fund
discrepancies before the Cole County Grand Jury.
does the Republican machine hope TO make traves-
ty of the Doodle nquistions? Or does 1t desire TO
have the Doodle nquislons temporarily shelved? :?
If the Grand Jury should delve into the reckless
financing and bookkeeping of old-tlme Republican
State administrations, long time would elapse be-
fore it would get to Republican presentday boo
ding Is the Republican machine attempting to in
gulf the Grand Jury in malicious politics? It's
pretty safe to say that the machine is working in
the dark. as usual because 1t got its fill of reverses
and exposure in the St Louis Doodle inquisons
The St. Louis Republic., 1903-09-21
<>>><<><%<%<<%
TWENTY-FIVE YEARS AGO !
TO-DAY In ST. LOUIS. :

. From The Republic. September q. 1s7s
q John B. Hortiz, who saw the I
Q Spanish flag hauled down and the
q Stars and Stripes raised in st.
. Louis in 1904, died at Alton. He I
. was born in st. Louis in 1'sz. and
Q his father. Joseph Alvarez Hortiz. I
. was a Surgeon in the Spanish I
q Army.
Q Erastus Wells was nominated for I
. Congress from the Second District.
. defeating Brown and Claiborne, six I
q to one.
. Prominent citizens requested d.
. H. MacAdam to stand for re-elec- 4
= ton as City Recorder. The call
. was signed by Joseph Franklin. q.
. B. Allen, John G. Priest, George
. Balm, R. P. Tansey, ]. T. Donovan, 4
. A. F. Shapleigh, David Nicholson. 4
= 8. NJ. Dodd. d. Crawford. Adoiph
= Moil. Henry C. Haarstiek. Robert I
. c. Greer, John G. Chandler, David 4
= Bailey and several hundred busi- I
. ness men. I
= The hurdle race at the Fair I
q Grounds was won by T. r. Green's
q horse. Perry Bartholow's mount
= turned q somersault and was In
q jured.
. The St. Louis Floral Society I
. opened an exhibition at Nos. 715 and
. III Washington avenue. Among the
= exhibitors, amateurs. were Daniel I
. w. Brown, A Kreickhaus, George I
= F. Tower and Doctor Charles
= Hauck
. Oliver Doud Byron opened an en-
. gagement at the Grand Opera I
q house in Ben Mccullough"
q AT the Republican primaries the Z
. following were nominated for Pub I
= lie School Directors: H. schweick- =
= ardt, John A. Heroid. William
. Bryan. r. q. Rombauer, L. Brown =
. ing. George Veneer and George =
. Lekrbert.
. Martin L. Clardy addressed q po- .
htical mass meeting in Caronde-
y let z
. George Dittman married Miss =
. Abby Schaefer. daughter OF Super
. intendent schaefer OF the House Of =
. Refuge.
. III. R. Hartman was. married to .
. Miss Clara Mcconoughy, daughter 9
. OF Doctor ]. B. Mcconoughy OF :
. BeIlerilie.
, nA4AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAT
The St. Louis Republic., 1903-09-21
LEGISLATIVE ETHICS.
John II. Clarke nominated for Senator by the
Democrats of Ohio concluded a recent speech with

John II. Clarke nominated for Senator by the
Democrats of Ohio concluded q recent speech with
this striking promise:
promise you that, IL I am elected to
the Senate of the United States, before
take my seat shall dispose of every
share of stock and of every business in
terest the value of which be affected
by my II the Senate This is no
mere ante-election promise. but is simply
saying that will adopt the standard of
conduct that was familiar with members
of the United States Senate prior to fifty
years ago, before that body had become
commercalized and sordd. we see it
largely is to-day.
These utterances present in the concrete prop-
osition of vital concern in the politics of to-day
The ideal legislator would be philosopher in
the sense in which the term is frequently used In
metaphysics; man of absolutely calm and dis
passionate preference for truth to whom truth was
guidance, always finally; man of perfect judicial
mind.
The man who is not Influenced by interest is
rare. There are a few rare individuals capable of
divorcing their interests and following and
acting upon abstract conceptions of truth and Jus
tice, men In whom the official is separated from
the man. But self-interest more often obtrudes as
a temptation and when it does 1t either controls
divdual. In resisting the temptation the overween-
ingly honest individual may err against his judg-
ment. II is possible TO conceive a man. sensitivey
organized and imperfectly balanced who might
vote against his interests because he lacked the
courage to indorse convictions which coincided
with his interests. Incidentally 1t may be re-
marked that our national and State and municipal
legislatures do not sppesr to suffer from preva-
The St. Louis Republic., 1903-09-21
REPRESENTATIVE GAINES
TELLS JOKE ON BURLESON.
REPUBLIC SPECIAL.

REPUBLIC SPECIAL.
Washington. Sept. 2o.-Representative
Gaines OF Tennessee has returned from a
trip through Europe and tells of an inter-
esting incident in London. Judge Gaines
says he met Representative Burieson of
Texas on the Strand in London and the
latter naturally was delighted to meet his
old friend from Tennessee.
Come with me to the American En-
bassy, Gaines" said Burleson. II want to
get my salary check. which has been for
warded there"
Lets take a cab. then said Gaines.
It's long way from here, and I'm tired"
"oh, no; it's just down to Westminster
Abbey" said Burleson. Gaines protested
that the American Legation was not at
that depository for Englan6s famous
dead, but the Texan insisted that it was
and would only be convinced when he had
persuaded Gaines to go there. Then, the
Tennesseean says ne took Burleson to the
legation, a long way distant.
AS Burieson is member of the House
The St. Louis Republic., 1903-09-21
They Quit the Town.


Tleven hundred coal miners Thurber, Tex have
gone strike in novel fashion They have not laid
down their tools, in the usual way but, the con-
trary, have shouldered them and, taking also their
wives and families and household goods left the
mines and the town.
This is kind of strike that is perfectly legitimate
and cannot be rebuked however much it may be dep
recated by the other parties in interest These men
had perfect right to stop work. and they done
But they trying to prevent other men from
taking up the work. If they choose to do So
Anybody who wants that work have it, they do not
The St. Louis Republic., 1903-09-21
Miss Todd's Case.
The Indanenflent


We cannot understand the removal OF Miss Todd
Postmistress at Greenwood, Del. When she asked
why she had been removed the answer of Postmaster
General Payne was in substance You have been re-
moved because you were particularly and personally
obnoxious Senator Alice" But what OF that? She
not responsible to him. Why should he dictate the
removal of competent official TO make of
political friends? We neither understand like
it. 1t is the Presidents cvil-seryce
nolicY.
The St. Louis Republic., 1903-09-21
St. Louis visitors at Chicago.

REPUBLlC SPECIAL.
Chicago. ILL.,, Sept a.-These persons
from st. Louis are registered at hotels
here to-day:
w Great MSts5 MoT5heTR zer ri KRRapg Ens Miss KoSs
J. Wagner, Mrs. K. L. Isbell.
Kaiserhoff-R B. skinner. II. c. Ernan.
p. Kelker.
Auditorium. W. MAXWELL Mrs J. W. Max
we'll G. C. Dyers. z. n. Cain, H. P. Taylor
e. T. williams
Windsor -clifton-A.. .swsrtz Misc Roecke,. C.
Palmer House L. Moder. G. F. weber,
c. N. Snyder. W. Titus.
Sherman House-F. W. Edmonton. A. stckes
W. ]. wahlen.
saratoga-R. wallace. N. B. Stevens. J. W.
Smith.
Tomlinson, ]. A. Westby.
Briggs-J. II. Wendell. J. H Vincent
Kelley.
The St. Louis Republic., 1903-09-21
Disowning Parks.


We pleased to note increasing volume senti-
ment among the labor unions disappearing of the ac-
tion and attitude OF the New York Housesmiths and
Bridgebuiders' Union. who have determined to stick
by Parks, guilty not guilty. Our delegate, right
wrong" is motto for any union, and are sure
1t will not be generally adopted 1t is worth noting
that local union which stood for Parks had it's
charter annuled by the international organization to
which it belongs, for this particular act but for
breaking faith with its employers and dsregardng
contract
The St. Louis Republic., 1903-09-21

The domestic who became social lion in the
East by posing as a nobleman may be forgiven for
having more brains than money If he lack both
there is nothing in extenuation. Had he title he
would not need money, and had he enough money
he would not need brains To get into swift So
cety without any of these he would have to be a
monkey and be introduced by one of the Lehrs
The St. Louis Republic., 1903-09-21

The London Star says that Mr.. Chamberain's
retirement is his Eba, but he has yet to meet his
Waterloo. If Mr.. Chamberlain should get away
from Elba, the British nation will need political
Wellington. The industrial Blucher would prob
ably be on Mr.. Chamberain's side
The St. Louis Republic., 1903-09-21

Committee on Foreign Affairs, there
naturally was laugh on him for suppos-
ing that Americas legation is located In
Westminster Abbey.
Gaines says he met Senator Stone Of
Missouri and his daughter while they were
visiting the White Tower in London.
The St. Louis Republic., 1903-09-21
slow Pay.
philadelphia Press.

PHIIduVIPIIIh L Itss-
OF course. the world may owe
A living to US, though
We're apt to find
o! Fate unkind-
Collections mighty slow.
The St. Louis Republic., 1903-09-21
VISITORS AT ST. LOUIS HOTELS

w. H. HarwoOd of Miami. I. T.. is a guest
at the New st. James.
Preston Cooke OF Richmond Va is on the
guest list at the Southern.
Robert O. Cook of Beeviile, Tex. is regis
tered at the Madison.
Robert E Melting OF Kansas City has rooms
at~the Planters.
A. C. Kelley and wife OF Princeton, No.,
are guests at the Laciede-
Fred Green OF Fort Smith, Ark, is on the
guest list at the St Nicholas
B b. Smith OF Equality. ILL.,, 10 a guest
at the Linden
L. r. Landon OF New York has rooms at
the st. Nicholas.
&C. c. Iemley OF Hot Springs. ARK, Is 4
guest at the Lindell
Fred V. Collins OF Fort Worth. Tex. Is at
the L.ndell-
M A Dicer OF Conway Springs Kas. In at
the Moser
A. II. BoIti of Union. Mo-. is at the La
clede. Mr. BoltI was formerly Lieutenant Gov
ernor OF Missouri.
Carl W. Moore Of Carlyle, Ill, is at the
Madison.
w B. Plunkett OF Little Rock. Ark, Is e
guest at the Southern.
C. C. orthwein and wife of Kansas City
at the Planters.
F A. Brown. a capitalist Of Kansas City,
has rooms at the Planters.
w P vandegrift of Moberiy. Mo-. Is on the
guest list at the Southern
&C. A. Gavin OF Cape Girardeau. Mo-, is at
the New st. James.
j, L. Campbell OF ShelbyvfIle, ILL.,, Is regis
tered at the New St. James.
e. E Murphy. will known in Kansas In
surance circles, is at the Southern Mr. Aur-A
ply lives In Leavenworth.
The St. Louis Republic., 1903-09-21

st. Louis now has Twentieth Century govern
ment. which is good government. The records of
corruption and misrule relate to Republican mis-
government of the end of the Nineteenth Century
The St. Louis Republic., 1903-09-21
seasonable,

Cleveland Plain Dealer.
Says the facetious Kansas City Star: THE fall
style Of vehicle advertised West be autumn
mobile
Yes. And doubt It will just fond of
mersaulting If IT little earlier in the year
The St. Louis Republic., 1903-09-21

Maybe the Republican politicians and organs will
assert that the Democrats wouldn't let Roosevelt
take an umbrella at Antietam
The St. Louis Republic., 1903-09-21
Chicago. Butler.
Chicago Tribune.

Lorimer is out of politics unless he sticks Yates
and II he sticks to Yates he is merely out Of politics
Mr. Loruaier q within seeing distance Of his finish.
The St. Louis Republic., 1903-09-21
The Party and RascaIs.

Louisville Courier journal
IF party says Mr.. Folk of Missouri, cannot get
along without rascals the people will get along
that party That ought to be the but is it? What
party does get along without rascals?'
The St. Louis Republic., 1903-09-21
Missourian. i'm New York.

mlssOurIanB IN new 1oEks
REPUBLIC SPECIAL.
New York. Sept. 2O.-Among the arrivals
at the hotels here to-day were the fol-
lowing Missourians:
st. Louis-L. Brown, J., P. Herman, E. A
Turner ]. o. Hasson, c. r. Deane. Manhat-
tan; L. Z, Collins. Miss Flad. Mrs. H Fad.
Holland: C. c. Cook, M NJ Mason, W. w.
Keene. Park Avenue; J. D. Fraser. 2. s.
Simpson and Mrs Simpson. Navarro: z. J.
McCurdy. Waldorf: g. Robinson. Broadway
Central: W. T. Owens, Albert; E. Fischer and
Mrs. Fischer. Union Square: c. T. Gieselman,
Morton: ]. G Porter Grand Union: Mrs J.
Wetmore Grand: T., w; Waller. Cadillac; J.
Schelp, Murray Hill: A Kuhn. Imperial: q.
Oster Ashland: L. B: Valiant. Darlington: O.
Kansas City-W. M Boyd and Mrs. Boyd.
u. v. widener. Criterion: Miss A. B. Coch-
ran, ]. w. Matthias. Imperial: F. NJ. TRULY,
Mrs. NJ Atkins, broadway Central: r. How
ard, Victoria: II. Streicher and Mrs. Streicher.
Navarro: T. ]. Seehorn, Ashland.
st. Joseph. F. slade, J. 8. Helsley. Msrl-
boro: A e. Lord. Manhattan: N. II. Canton.
ROsSrnOre
The St. Louis Republic., 1903-09-21
POEMS WORTH KNOWING
HADIA HEART FOR FALsEHooD FRAMED
BY RICHARD BRINsLEY SHERIDAN.

For when they learn that you have blest
Another with your heart,
They'll bid aspiring passion rest,
And act a brothers part;
Then. lady, dread not here deceit,
Nor fear to suffer wrong;
For friends In all the aged you'll meet
And lovers IN the young.
The St. Louis Republic., 1903-09-21

LAD heart for falsehood framed,
- 1 ne'er could in jure you;
For though your tongue no promise
claimed,
Your charms would make me true;
To you no soul shall bear deceit.
No stranger offer wrong;
But friends in all the aged you'll meet
And lovers in the young.
The Butte inter mountain. [volume] (Butte, Mont.) 1901-1912, 1903-08-06
TO RAISE MASSES
CARNEG|E'S DESIRE
lRONMASTER MAKES SlGNlF lCANT
ADDRESS m CONF ERRING
a PRESENT.
nY AssoclAIrp rRlss.

London. Aug. On handing over to IS
representative citizens of his native town,
Dunicrmlne. who were his guests at Skibo
castle early this week, a trust deed trans
fcrfing to them $2,5oo.ooo in per cent
bonds OF the United States Steel corpora
ton and Piitcncryien park, Andrew Carr
engic explained the objects he had in view
in these words:
III is an experiment the object Of which
is TO attempt 10 Introduce into the monot-
onous lives Of the toiling masses Of Dun
fermline more Of sweetness aud light to
give them, especially the young. some ini-
Itovcmcnt, some elcvating conditions Of
life which their residence elsewhere would
have denied, so that a child in his native
town vii feel, however far he may have
roamcd, that simply by virtue Of being
such his life has been made happicd and
better"
Mr.. Carnegie proceeded to say that he
had provided for this experiment in his
will more than 20 years ago, but his retire
mcnt from business enabled him TO put tho
scheme into operation during his life time.
The problem set 10 the trustees was:
what can be done in towns 10 benefit the
masses by money in the hands Of the most
public spirited citizens" II il was proved
that good could be done the trustees would
open new fields 10 the rich, which, Mr..
Carnegie said, he believed they would here
after be more anxious 10 find for their sur
plus wealth.
The Butte inter mountain. [volume] (Butte, Mont.) 1901-1912, 1903-08-06
FILLED GRAVE RECEIVES
THE BODY OF MAJOR j. E. DAWSON

Davis bore the casket to the waiting hcarse
and the procession was quickly formed Tor
the march to the church.
The pallbcarcrs walked beside the hearsc
which was followed by relatives and
friends in carriages, large delegation
from the Elks and members Of other so
cictics.
The caSket was placed in front Of the
chancel rail in 81. Johns church and as
soon as the people had been seated the
beautiful services Of the Episcopal church
were rendered.
At the conclusion Of the services the
Elks took the funeral in charge and escort
ing the remains to the grave conducted the
Elks burial services.
Many Beautiful Flowers.
Following were the floral emblcms:
Crescent Of roses, Mr., and Mrs. W. NJ. Bck.
ford and Miss Bickiord; crescent Of roses, {.
l.. Dawson; shower Of carnations, Mr. and
Mrs. a. Pincus; shower Of carnations, DIR. {.
i, Pigot; shower Of stocks, John W. Downey;
shower Of asters, II. H. Frank cross OF carna.
tions and daisies, Mrs J. W. Noyes; white
wreath Of red carnations, Mr.. and Mrs Wal
lace McClinton; shower Of carnations, 4. W.
ID. Lander; shower OF carnations, Mr.. and
Mrs. w. K. Mech; shower Of carnations,
George w. Davis; spray Of white astcrs, Mr..
and Mrs. Charles Schatzlein; star Of red carna.
tions and daisies Alpha Council, No. 40,
Order Of Pondo; shower Of pink asters, Mr..
and Mrs. J. l.. Tempeman shower Of carna.
tions, DR.. and Mrs W. Leonard Reniek;
shower Of carnations, Mr.. and Mrs. j. X. Hes.
lett; spray of mixed flowers, Mr.. and Mrs.
Dennis Driscoll; spray Of mixed flowers, Mr..
and Mrs w. J. Stewart spray Of red and
white carnations, H. f. Ruger J. d. Menden.
hall and w. II. Merrman; spray Of purple
sweet pease Mr., and Mrs. j. B. Leggat; spray
The Butte inter mountain. [volume] (Butte, Mont.) 1901-1912, 1903-08-06

Of white roses, Mr. and Mrs. Tom Layclle,
spray Of roses, Mr.. aud Mrs. John $. Duttony
spray Of carnations and roses, J. II. tasei
wreath standard, Il. Augustus Helmet
wreath on standard Of roses and carnations {.
+. Sturicyant wreath on standard, employees
Of Oregon Short Line Office; wreath Of pcase
and asiers, Mr.. and Mrs. II. !. Wilson; cres.
cent Of sweet pease, Mr.. and Mrs. X. A.
Kunklc; spray oi roses, Mr.. aud Mrs. Eugene
Carroll; spray Oi sweet pease, Dr. q. d. Bry-
ant; spray OF roses, Mr.. and Mrs. A. H.
Wcthoy; wreath on stand, Silver Bow lodge,
$40, Il. H. q. f.; crescent oi sweet pcase, Mr..
snd Mrs. J. a. Canty; harp Of roses, T. J.
IIeay II. S. Blackis,on, J. II. Ill., L. Is.
Wood; spray Of carnations, Mr.. and Mrs. Z.
+. Lloyd; spray Of sweet peasc, Mr.. and Mrs.
ID. j. licnnessy; sleeping car, with the words
"Aslccp" on II, employees OF the Montana
Central; anchor, Mr.. and Mrs. Charles l.. Dut.
ton OF Helena; half moon and crescent Of
roses and carnations, the ioremcn and clerks
in the NJ. o. i. smelter office; basket OF whito
roses, officers Of the NJ o. T.; wreath OF red
roses and sweet pease, Mr.. and Mrs. a. J.
Davis; basket Of white roses, Mr. and Mrs. J.
T.. Davis; officers OF the general office OF Great
Northern, 81. Paul, wreath on stand; shower
Of pink roses, Mr.. and Mrs ]. A. Murray
cross Of pink roses, Mr.. and Mrs. George IL.
Casey; shower Of white roses, Mr.. and Mrs.
Archibald Cray shower Of white sweet pease,
Mr.. and Mrs. J. J. Mediation; cross OF carna.
iions, Mr.. and Mrs A. p. IIeinze; Gates
Ajar," white and pink carnations, officers OF
the b., A. a. r. railway; basket Of pink astcrs,
Mr.. and Mrs. John i, Forbis; shower OF purple
sweet pease, Mr.. and Mrs. r. NJ. Hodgens;
cross OF white carnations and roses, =. ].
Brophy; spray OF roses Mrs ID. {. Porter, T..
n Ilarwood, Laura, Ben and Dorothy Har.
wood spray Of carnations, w. b. Webb Of
Anaconda; spray Of pink carnations, Mr.. and
Mrs. L. ]. Sullivan; wreath OF roses, Tom
Majors, the Chinese; cross Of sweet pease on
easel, Mr. and Mrs. w. w. Dixon.
The Butte inter mountain. [volume] (Butte, Mont.) 1901-1912, 1903-08-06
PAT MULLINS SWEARS
THAT HE IS OF IDAHO
Chief Executive of Butte Proves r. Citizenship by Advs Which He Has
Affixed His Signature and h Are Now Part of the Land Office
Records of tiN Gated States Government

district court, in which he brought suit
which seeks to oust the aldermen on tho
ground that they are not taxpayng free
holders of the city OF Butte, naturally
aroused an interest in the status OF tho
mayor himself as a citizen OF Butte.
The upshot was an investigation which
resulted in the discovery OF his application
for land IN Idaho, and the statements he
made there under oath as to his citizenship
and place of residence.
In view of his assault on the aldermen
in the courts, the copies of the papers filed
in the land office. under oath and bearing
the mayors signature. printed below, will
make interesting reading for the residents
of the city of Butte who are living under
the administration of Mayor Mullins, the
applicant for land in Idaho. who made
final proof last fall in which he gave his
residence as Boise and not Butte.
The papers signed and filed by Mayor
Mullins as a resident of Boise, Idaho, ara
as follows:
Making OF Affidavit.
This affidavit can be made only upon
applicants personal knowledge and from
his own personal examination of the land,
and must he subscribed aud sworn TO by
the Register and Receiver of the land dis
trict in which the land is situated, or be-
fore the Judge or Clerk OF Couit Of
record of the county in which the Lands
Continued on Page Two)
The Butte inter mountain. [volume] (Butte, Mont.) 1901-1912, 1903-08-06
BLACK WAR CLOUD
FILLS THE SKIES
SITUATION IN MACEDONIA GROWS
MORE ALARMING AS THE
DAYS GO BY.
By ASSOCIATED PRESS.

Constantinoplc, Aug. 6.--Consular ad-
vices which are received here from Mon
astirya indicate that the situation in Mace
donia is constantly growing worse.
At meeting OF the ministers il has
ben decided, therefore, to adopt measures
of extreme severity in order to suppress the
revolution.
1t is reported that Albanian troops will
be employed, in which event massacres are
inevitable.
The Bulgarian patriarch was summoned
to the Yildiz palace Wednesday and urged
to make final appeal to his flock to de-
liver up their arms and thereby avoid
bloodshed.
The menacing attitude of the Kurds in
Armenia is causing increasing alarm at
Ezeroum, by the Lis and Kharput.
1t is asserted in many quarters that the
authorities are secretly armng Kurds while
endeavoring to convict the Armenians Of
revolutionary intentions.
The Butte inter mountain. [volume] (Butte, Mont.) 1901-1912, 1903-08-06
CHICAGO CATTLE FOR
THE STATE FAIR

ever had. 1t will help your farming and
stock interests in remarkable degree.
The state has been very parsimonious
in the way of appropria,ing money. In
stead of a niggardly $4,000 per year the
state ought to have appropriated $5o,ooo
OF $4,000 for the first year. at least.
You are to be congratulated in having
among you such entcrprising men as the
directors OF the fair, aud the people of
Helena who have raised money TO make
up for the legislatures failure, as well as
Mr. Seallon Of this city, who | see has
given $4,000. That was a splendid do
nation and should spur other rich men
to help out the fair.
you cannot put it too strongly that |
am deeply interested III the success of
the fair and will certainly make an ex-
hbit at Helena in October"
Mr.. Skinner left this afternoon for Chi
capO.
The Butte inter mountain. [volume] (Butte, Mont.) 1901-1912, 1903-08-06

made U q oath and over his signature,
and ~ z ipcrs containing notes calling
his at II to the perjury clause in the
fedcr utcs respecting land entries and
appli is and the penalties to which
app for land committing forgery
subjects themselves.
II will be observed that he sworc he
was a resident of Boise, Idaho, on Feb
ruary g. Iooo in the following words:
81, Patrick Mullins, bona fide resi-
dent OF Boise, Idaho"
Also it will be seen that he signed his
final proof papers on October /. 1909,
which is only last fall, and that IN that
statement he gave his residence at Boise.
Idaho. The words used there are given at
the top of the column.
Great Interest Aroused.
The recent attack upon members of the
city council made 10y Mayor Mullins in the