davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Little Falls herald. [volume] (Little Falls, Morrison County, Minn.) 1889-1950, 1903-04-10

away. With the common latch, which
must slide up an incline, the catch can
not be very deep unless the snout is
made very long, in which.case it is still
more in the way and liable to be broken
off. With this one it may be as deep as
you want it.
Fig. shows a portion of a gate with
the latch. The cleat which forms the
slot in which it plays up and down is
omitted here. At a is seen a 2x2 strip
nailed on. Two quarterback holes al
low the legs Of a WIRE bent like the let
ter q. to pass vertically through. being
held there by gimlet-pointed screws
driven down by them. the lower end
of this U is bent into knee, as shown
In Fig. 2. in such way as to catch the
latch and hold it up as long as the gate
is open. IT that is a week Or more. When
it is shut the catch strikes that part
of the wire which entered below the
latch, pushes it from under and allows
1t to drop into the catch, which. as
shown, is made of half inch rod. bent
at right angle. and extends only the
thickness of the latch from the post
a round out with bark on-being shown
here as it allows palmer view. The
latch itself is omitted in Fig. 2 No. 9
soft wire will do if given two or three
turns around rod, like safety pin, as
shown at b.
We use old bed spring wire, heating
1t little to take out some of the tenn
per. 1t does not need the spiral turns.
The screws allow the wire to be loos-
ened and raised in case the gate says
and gets the latch oft of line with the
catch. If the gate is properly hung this
arrangement will not be needed; but
1t is difficult to hang one so it will not
sag. The same effect may be obtained
by other devices, which will be given if
desired.
Friends have urged me to patent this
invention but have decided to give
my farmer friends the benefit of it,
Essex spurrier, in Farmers Voice. =.
Little Falls herald. [volume] (Little Falls, Morrison County, Minn.) 1889-1950, 1903-04-10
Girls as Berry Picl1ers,

J. L. Herbst, strawberry grower
of Wisconsin, tells about his methods
of berry picking. He says that one Ct
his girl pickers picked 15S quarts in
one Gay. The ordinary amount Of d
days picking with him is SO quarts per
picker in day Of five hours. MI
Herbst was asked why he, preferred
girls to boys as berry pick ers and re-
Piled: eve prefer girls for picking.
because they will stand tt picking
much better: they are not Sd talkative:
they do not get tired and want to 60,
and as rule will attend to business
a good deal better than boy S will.''
Little Falls herald. [volume] (Little Falls, Morrison County, Minn.) 1889-1950, 1903-04-10
MODERN ROAD MAKING.
None But Trained Engineers Should
Be Employed for Performing
This Important Work.

The old aphorism about pinching at
the spigot and losing at the bunghole
quite as often applies to rural prac-
tees as to city ways, indeed, it some
times finds more frequent illustration
in the country where cash has rela
lively higher value than labor, and
where theoretical knowledge is lightly
esteemed. This bad policy is more
often applied in the improvement or
almost any other line of work. If an
organized system of drainage is I'M
dertaken the necessity for the services
of a competent engineer is generally
admitted, but roads are supposed to
be different. AS a rule only the sur
face is considered. That reduces the
question to a choice between appli-
cations of dirt, gravel or crushed stone.
There are usually good many rival
candidates for the office of road COM
missioner. No theoretical knowledge
Of mechanical engineering or Of road
making is required of these candi-
dates, and the citizens usually con-
slider themselves fortunate if the po-
Sition is held by fairly intelligent
man of energy and good intentions.
He has to learn as he goes along, how
ever. and the township generally pays
dearly for his education The lawful"
country roads of the country have
been the subject of great deal of I'M
favorab BILE criticism on the part of for
eign visitors, and the loss sustained
through the difficulty and some
times suspension of traffic by reason
thereof is enormous. We have long
supposed this was one of the IRENE
dial drawbacks of a new country, as
land values are not high enough to
Justify heavier taxation for expensive
turnpikes. However, engineers have
been turning their attention to. the
matter, and now tell us that good
roads and dirt roads are not incom-
patible; that good road making is all
a question of knowing how, and that,
ments which are not directed by skill
and intelligence is money thrown
away. It is time we outgrew this no.
ton that public Office is.a private
snap, time that we outgrew our petty
economies in public affairs. If the vii
lagos, and townships of the United
States, during the past so years had
paid their money to experts who
gave them honest advice and skilled
services, men who would have coordin-
ated their efforts, it is altogether
probable we would have had very
different and a much better system of
roads to-day. It is not too late to in
stitute reforms now, and right here
is a chance for our agricultural col
leges to do some good work. The ag-
ricultural college. of course, cannot
attempt to fit man for rural occupa-
ton. but it can at least give him an in
telligent knowledge of the problems
involved. in road-making and to that
extent make him a good citizen not
likely to submit tamely to the waste
Of money by ignorant roadmasters..
The engineering departments of our
state colleges are graduat ting men well.
qualified to do work Of this kind, and
it would be economy on the part Of
municipalities to emplo them "a ther
than local oAicekee1kers no are ever;
e a(f9Il RI sIS} liz
Little Falls herald. [volume] (Little Falls, Morrison County, Minn.) 1889-1950, 1903-04-10
TREE PLANTING. HINTS.
Much Depends ON Prepa ration Of the
Soil and Doing the Work just
at the Right Time. a

. g. = 4
A hole should be dug three feet wide
and 20 inches deep, the tree being
placed in the center, and the hole filled
in with rich soil. Different variet ties Of
trees require different depths in the
soil. You will find a mark on all trees
showing the depth that they should
grow. Plant two inches deeper than
they originally grow in the nursery
rows. This will How for set ting.
Before Hing in.the soil around the
roots Of the tree straight ten the roots
in proper position and fill in with rich
earth, tramping the earth solid around
the root + any part of the roots is
broken by digging prune back from ~
index root .liY e
Little Falls herald. [volume] (Little Falls, Morrison County, Minn.) 1889-1950, 1903-04-10

sible to the ground; this will shade the
body of the tree.
Trees are damaged from the south
and the southwest by the rays of the
sun.
The current of sap that feeds the
roots comes from the leaves of the
tree. The water which falls on the
leaves follows down the leaf stem to
the bark of the tree. When examined
with a microscope you will find that
the wood is perfectly porous. Any
thing that disturbs the bark of the tree
stops the flow of sap that feeds the
roots, thereby enabling insects to more
successfully attack the trees. There
are numerous things to prevent this.
First, the trees should be washed to
kill the insects in the months of April
and May. This will destroy the germs
that make the worms and the borers.
Such can be prevented with very lit
tie expense. There are numerous
chemicals that will kill the insects. but
the cheapest and best thing you can use
is to make a solution of soft soap; say
tame i've udAeS OF concentrated I've anu
IS pounds Of lard. Eoil into slurry. SCI
aside and cool. Use as whitewash
This rule of washing will apply to all
shrubs and vines/
The main feature in getting the
trees and plants to grow is. not to plan
too deep and to plant with rich eartt
and have the earth solid around thu
plants when planted. and not to plan
TOO late in the season. when the stock
IS in bud.-St. Louis Globe-Democrat.
Little Falls herald. [volume] (Little Falls, Morrison County, Minn.) 1889-1950, 1903-04-10
Was WILLING to TRY It,

At a musicale where the Rev.
Thomas F. Mclaughlin, known as the
singing priest of Chinatown" was
a guest, a young woman, with a ro-
bust soprano voice did most of the
entertaining. She was very proud of
her accomplishments and her musical
education. She sang songs in Ger
man, Italian, French and English.
When she appeared to have exhausted
her repertoire and the company pres
ent were wishing for change in the
program, Father McLoughlip paid her
some compliments and added:
'Wny, Miss Jones, think you could
sing ad infDituna.'
Il really don't know it," responded
the obliging young woman, ''but if the
music is here, I'll try it,
Little Falls herald. [volume] (Little Falls, Morrison County, Minn.) 1889-1950, 1903-04-10
BROWNLOW ENDORSED.
Secretary of National Good Roads
Association in Favor of House
- Bill 1850. =

~ In a recent communication to Con
gresham Brownlow, Mr.. R. w. Rich
ardson, secretary of the National Good
Roads association, supports the
Brownlow bill in the following Ian
sguage: j.. - f
II have carefully read copy of
your bill; being H. R. 1899, creating a
bureau of public. roads in the depart
ment of a agriculture, and providing for
. system Of national, state and local
cooperation in highway improvement.
/ desire to commend you for your in
itiafiye in 81 his most important and
necessary public Improvement. It
:seems passing stran ge that the peo-
pie the JJnitsd atges who are So
7Is y 81 asS,f
Little Falls herald. [volume] (Little Falls, Morrison County, Minn.) 1889-1950, 1903-04-10
RELIABLE.::FARM GATE.
Although 1t Is a splendid Device, Its
Inventor Has Concluded Not to :
Patent 1t.

Herewith are some cuts illustrating
latch which the writer invented and
has been using for several years, and
found very handy, as it is sure to catch
If given half a chance, and be sure to
hold. There is no long snout stretch
ing out to catch in your stirrup or har-
ness as you pass through with a horse,
and wish to open only wide enough to
get through conveniently. It is the
very thing where you wish to put a
lever on top to enable one to open it
from horse and ride through. If the
gate is so hung that it will fall shut,
you can throw it wide open, ride
through and go ahead with the full as
surance that it will be shut and secure
~ fastened before you are ten steps
Little Falls herald. [volume] (Little Falls, Morrison County, Minn.) 1889-1950, 1903-04-10

planting or Immediate ly after. The
result of this pruning or heading back
will be to encourage numerous side
shoots to start, resulting in the con-
dition shown in Fig: 2, the light lines
representing. the old canes and the
small growth coming from them. If
the soil is rich, a few strong shoots will
be produced from the base of the bush,
as shown by the heavy lines.
In pruning for the second years
growth, the small, old wood ia all cut
away at the dotted lines a a, in Fig.
2, and the strong shoots headed back to
the lines x < xxx, Fig. 2, which will
give the plant somewhat the appear
Little Falls herald. [volume] (Little Falls, Morrison County, Minn.) 1889-1950, 1903-04-10
Cur Beloved Elan

Since the beginning of the war with
Spain reverence for the flag seems to
have Geepened and b-oadened. Before
that period only about $3.50, 100 worth
OF flags was made in the United States
in year; to-day the output is valued
at $1,C00,0O0. People who loved the
flag in negative sort of way and hao
never thought of buying even a little
one for ho1le use on national occa-
sions now have On their window si]ls
patented sockets fer stats from which
the Stars and Stripes are flung to the
breeze whenever opportunity Offers
Little Falls herald. [volume] (Little Falls, Morrison County, Minn.) 1889-1950, 1903-04-10
Dust Spraying in Favor.

Spraying materials have been ap-
piled more or less from the first in the
form of a dry powder, usually diluted
with slaked lime, flour or some other
cheap substance. This method has
generally been used: IN treating low.
growing plants like potatoes, but in
some sections it has within the last
few years been given a wider applica-
ton and used in combating orchard
pests. It is highly recommended by
some of those who have adopted it,
and appears to be of growing impor-
lance. It would seem to be of special
value in places where it is difficult to
get water for the wet method. Several
machines for busting plants and trees
are on the market. s.4:>..-- =
@ TREE PLANTING HINTS. s.
Little Falls herald. [volume] (Little Falls, Morrison County, Minn.) 1889-1950, 1903-04-10
Single Thought and Two Souls
stonework Resisted Gases.

"A French scientist visiting .,hs
rufus Of st. Pierre, Martinique, notes
that while much of the stone masonry
is well preserved, every svesuge OF
iro4-work and other metals was des-
troyed by the fearful blasts of hot
gases that came from Mt. Pelee, moth
Ing left but black powder. Evident
" some extremely rapid chemical
action took place, which changed the
metals into oxides etc. .s..
B willing 20 oblIge.
Ny new novel goes cut slowly.
John, dear, IS said the welded author
go; but my publ fisher thinks 1t would
% into the thousands Il we'd just get
Mp some sort Of q sensation-for in-
stance, get you 10 enter divorce mn.
seedings = = tie renly. =
cant Ford villins Is.
Little Falls herald. [volume] (Little Falls, Morrison County, Minn.) 1889-1950, 1903-04-10
PERFECT CORN MARKER.
by Any Bright Man from an
Old CultivatOr.

The illustration shows corn marker
without fault. All cultivators are not
alike, as some have straight tongues,
and some have a seat attached. hut
they can all be used by simply remov-
ing the wheels and shovel beams.
No. 1 a shows hole where clevis at
taches whiffletrees.. This brings the
draft on sled instead of frame; d shows
Little Falls herald. [volume] (Little Falls, Morrison County, Minn.) 1889-1950, 1903-04-10
PRUNING ROSE BUSHES.
Maynard on a Subject of Uni
versal interest.

Next to a rich soil, the number and
perfection of the blossoms produced
upon rose bush depend upon the way
in which the canes are pruned. Fig.
represents rather large two-year-old
rose bush as received from the nursery,
the dotted lines showing where the
branches should be cut, either before
Little Falls herald. [volume] (Little Falls, Morrison County, Minn.) 1889-1950, 1903-04-10

not less than eight horl, s are kept,
well fed with grain. The manure
should be piled up nearIthe bed I'M
I'll enough is ready. ItIwill need 9
cord Of manure for eadh ten or IS
3sashes. If not needed Immediately.
- should be pitched ove| frequently,
g. prevent bur min ready tho
!g.nn1s saesl 6 t hs|
Little Falls herald. [volume] (Little Falls, Morrison County, Minn.) 1889-1950, 1903-04-10
Snopbery in America,


In the days when King Edward
was Prince of Wales he always re.
CURED, when paying visit, that list
of his fellow guests be submitted to
him so that he might add to or re.
duce the same. The New York flour
hundred" have taken up this custom.
Grand Duke Boris was a dinner guest
at the Newport villa of Mrs. Ogden
Goelet, and was allowed to indicate
Just how the company should be
made up, so that in certain sense
the entertainment was all his own.
7 Single Thought and Two Souls
Smoking on the carl" exc!aim ID
the disguised woman as Dennis ia
herty with his short-stemmed pipe.
took his seat beside her. ."Oi an. -
rejoined Dennis between long and de-
termined puffs. "And av: yeA dos t 3ci::se
ut go wan up froont. These safes l.;
resairved fer smokers. IF you were,
my husband I'd give you poison.
would We, row." Puff. puff. ..:Oi
think av ye wor me woife''-putf, pur
-"oid take ut."-LippincQtt's Ma-a:
zine. u.
Little Falls herald. [volume] (Little Falls, Morrison County, Minn.) 1889-1950, 1903-04-10

be set below the surface of the soil four
or five inches, which will check this
tendency Of the growth of the stock
and encourage growth of roots from
the bud or graft.-Prof. S. T. MAYNARD
in Farm and Home
Little Falls herald. [volume] (Little Falls, Morrison County, Minn.) 1889-1950, 1903-04-10

For two generations Mexican Mus
tang Liniment has been the standby
the one Sure Remedy of farmers
and stockmen. The more people
know about it the more they swear
by it. 1t goes to the very core of
pain and drives it out of the body.
The public believes in it for its posi-
tive healing powers. Sold everywhere
Little Falls herald. [volume] (Little Falls, Morrison County, Minn.) 1889-1950, 1903-04-10

Trim up tie raspberry and black
berry bushes aEu stake them in place
if not stock enough to stand close and
compact Of them elves.
Little Falls herald. [volume] (Little Falls, Morrison County, Minn.) 1889-1950, 1903-04-10

There is no test like the test Of
tin1e. Cures everything that can
be cured by a Perfect, Penetrating
Lis7irG1ent. Good for Han or Beast.
One email bottle of Mexican Illus
Sang Lii4iment will effect cure when
a: gallon of the watery compounds
sold as Eminent would have no result
ltislnoney thrown away to buytlem
Gloucester County Democrat. (Woodbury, N.J.) 1878-1932, 1903-09-10
TO PREVENT sWARMING.
A Simple Plan Practiced by Minne-
sofa bee Keepers.

A Simple Plan Practiced by Minne-
sofa Bee Keepers.
A plan to prevent swarming, prae-
ticed by the bee keepers in this locality,
seems to be exceedingly simple and
successful, and 1 give it as follows,
says a Minnesota correspondent of the
American Bee Journal
The hive in general use is the or
binary eight frame. As soon as the
bees appear to be crowded, or show
disposition to throw off a swarm, a
hive filled with combs or foundation is
placed on the old stand. Two frames
of brood and the queen are removed
from the old hive and placed in the
center of the new. If any queen cells
are discovered on the combs, they are
destroyed. A queen excluder is placed
over the new hive, and the old one,
after the combs have been carefully
inspected and royal cells destroyed. is
placed ON top. All ingress and exit
from the old hive are down and through
the new one, which the bees will i'm
mediately fill with honey and brood.
As soon as the brood is Matched from
the old combs, there being no further
eggs laid, the bees clean out and fill
with honey.
The process of placing new hives
under old ones continues all season, in
many cases as many as four or five
hives being stacked one above the 9TH
er, the queen excluder being always
kept next to the parent colony. If
this plan is followed, there is little or
no trouble about swarming, and less
about queenless colonies. This, of
course, refers to the production of ex-
tracted honey, but it certainly pro
duces a strain of bees that are little
inclined to swarm.
Gloucester County Democrat. (Woodbury, N.J.) 1878-1932, 1903-09-10
PLANT EVOLUTION.
Cultivation Has Done Wonders Fs
Fruit and Vegetables.

Cultivation Has Done Wonders For
Fruit and Vegetables.
There are few more wrongly named
things in the world than the ,Jerusa-
lem artichoke. In the first place 1t new
Or came from Jerusalem at all. And In
the second It is not really an artichoke
but sunf1ower with its tubers devel-
oped by cultivation.
Cultivation has done wonders for
fruit and vegetables.
For instance, through its means
peaches. apricots and nectarines have
been developed from the almond. to
which family all three fruits belong.
There is little apparent connection be-
tween the Wild crab of the hedgerows
and a Newtown pippin. but both are
members of the same genus. Indeed,
it is from this same wild crabapple
that the whole of the 700 odd existing
varieties of apples have been raised
Technically speaking. too. the pear
is an apple. and so are the medlar and
the mountain ash, which latter is not
an ash at all.
Is a turnip cabbage? Yes, one va
riety at least of 1t Is This is the queer
vegetable known as kohirabi, which,
although classed by scientists among
the Brassica. or cabbage. family, has
huge roots just like a turnip.
The cucumber is really a fruit and
not vegesnble. The same remark APP
plies to the tomato, which is really a
fruit also.
The gooseberry is currant. 1t is not
the least like it in either appearance or
flavor. yet both belong to the same
family of Ribes.
The onion is charming little flower.
its various species bearing white, yell
low, blue and rose colored blossoms,
many produced In beautiful dropping
clusters. Originally the onion was a
Towering plant, but the cultivation OF
certain of its varieties has produced the
now world famous vegetable.
When Is chestnut not chestnut?
When 1t Is horse chestnut. This is
another of the curiosities of the CLASH
fcation of horticultural nomenclature.
The horse chestnut is Esculus, ard the
other kind Castanea--Stray Stories.
Gloucester County Democrat. (Woodbury, N.J.) 1878-1932, 1903-09-10

DETAILS OF SILO WITH CROSS SECTION.
Fig. form of siio showing doors. Fig.
9-Wheel used in construction. Fig. B
A. stud; B. half inch board; c, half inch
lath; D, half inch cement
WINGED of its practicability. He has
been taught to believe that 1t is neces-
sary to use large sticks of timber In
constructing silo. My silo is round
and needs no hoops on the outside, as
the boards on the inside act as hoops.
cut my by 4 studs and boards from
my own woods and had to buy only the
cement, nails and lime. My silo is II
feet in diameter, 30 feet deep. extend
ing feet into the ground. The stone
wall for the first five feet is built of
fire stone. laid with lime mortar. The
silo Is inside my barn.
I cut enough half inch boards six
inches wide to board the silo over
twice. / made q wheel twelve feet in
diameter by crossing four half inch
boards, then striking a circle twelve
feet In diameter, saving off the ends
of the boards and mailing two strips
Of narrow half inch board around the
circle. This made a wheel or form to
work by and gave me the required
diameter. The wheel was laid on the
stone wall and by 4 studding set
twelve inches from center to center all
around the outside of the wheel.
l then used all the knotty " by inch
boards for boarding up the inside. The
others took to q circular saw, tilted
the table and made three strips of lath
from one board, beveling the edges to
an angle Of forty-five degrees. This
did so as to hold the cement. After
boarding the inside over once nailed
on the laths, leaving a crack between
them to receive the cement
l boarded up the outside three feet
high, beginning at the bottom. There
were no other boards on the outside,
except two courses at the top to protect
the silo In case the silage cutter should
rest against it. Ny doors are built one
above the other. They are about TWEEN
ty-four inches wide and thirty inches
high, and left thirty inch space be-
wv VII SeASA 0OOAp OOoAOCds AdtACU dI0
cemented on the inside.
/ used the best portland cement, one
part of cement to two parts of coarse
sand. / cemented to within three feet
Of the top. putting on about the same
thickness as is required for plastering
house-that is. three-eighths to one-half
an inch. The cement should be row-
eled down some, SO as to force out the
water. making the surface as smooth as
glass. The stone work at the bottom of
the silo should also be cemented. 1
have only one inch Of boards altogether
on my silo, half Of boards and half
inch Of lath. Should the cement ever
crack 1t can be repaired by taking half
a pail of cement with the same amount
Of water, mix thoroughly and apply to
the surface with a whitewash brush.
Cement Is much cheaper than wood.
can be put on in half the time, and
needs no paper, paint or coal tar for
covering.
Gloucester County Democrat. (Woodbury, N.J.) 1878-1932, 1903-09-10

sediment or set
ting indicates an
unhealthy condi-
ton of the kid
neys; if it stains
your linen It is
evidence Of kid
ney trouble; too
frequent desire to
pass it or pain in
the back is also