davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Corvallis times. (Corvallis, Or.) 1888-1909, 1903-04-18
Notice of Final Settlement.

In the Matter of the Estate of Eliza
beth Elliott, deceased,
Notice is hereby given that I, Ernest
Elliott, as administrator of the estate of
Elizabeth Elliott, deceased, have filed
my final account as such administrator
with the Clerk of the County Court of
Benton county, State of Oregon, and the
said court has fixed Saturday the 9th
day of May, 1903, at the hour of II
O'Clock in the forenoon of said day as the
court house at Corvallis. Oregon, as the
place for hearing any and all objections
to the said account, and for settlement
thereof.
Ernest Elliott,
Administrator of the estate of Eliza.
beth Elliott, deceased.
The Corvallis times. (Corvallis, Or.) 1888-1909, 1903-04-18
For Sale.

Six-room house and one lot on Tenth
and Jefferson streets near college,
M. J. Young.
The Corvallis times. (Corvallis, Or.) 1888-1909, 1903-04-18

I hereby announce myself as candi-
date for the office of chief of police of
Corvallis at the election to be held May
18th, 1908.
Sam King.
Corvallis, April I, 1908.
The Corvallis times. (Corvallis, Or.) 1888-1909, 1903-04-18

Corvallis, April s. 1908.
The Corvallis times. (Corvallis, Or.) 1888-1909, 1903-04-18
For Chief of Police,

Corvallis April IS, 1908.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1903-02-07

painter. Ribera. with his folded palm leaf
under his arm. deliciously funny picture!
But the bells of the tonga are heard in the
distance. Nearer they come and nearer and
a moment later two dingy tongas rooted
with magenta calico are jolting along and
swaying from side to side on their way to
the hotel, the occupants of one clinging on
for dear life. A ten-minute jolt and swing
brought the first tonga up to high arched
gate. into which it flew, or leaped after
the horses and then all of sudden col
lapsed. as the harness broke in all direc-
tons, and the horses. poor thin beasts,
walked slowly off into the darkness. There
was a grand powwow between our driver,
the driver Of the luggage tonga and Alb
dull, in which their voices grew louder and
higher until they reached a shrek. and also
the ears of the only visible servant Of the
Hotel Kaiser-i-Hind. who FASTENED, II ma
tives can hasten. toward US, with swinging
lantern and added his voice to the chorus
Of shouts. while we sat laughing under the
horrid magenta roof; one bony horse was
secured. fastened at one side Of the pole and
led to the hotel. and this was our entrance
to beautiful Jaipur, certainly the most odd
and most enchanting of all towns of India.
MARGARET STERLING,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1903-02-07

for tying the boats, and we now and then
passed boats a anchor.
Leaving the South Beveland canal we
entered the Ooster Scheldt, a sort of branch
of the sea, and then went on between the
islands of Duiveland and Tholen into the
Mas canal. The waters of the Ooster
Scheldt are wide and spotted with islands.
We passed many sailing craft and now and
then went by a tug towing great barges.
black seals on the sand flats, and farther
back hundreds Of Holstein cattle lying out
in the sun.
We entered the Hollandische dep and
then the canals and mouths of the Mas.
row going by villages the banks, and
now seeing the second stories Of other VIII
lage houses which were apparently looking
over the dykes and watching us go by.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1903-02-07
LITERARY LOSS OF THE BIBLE.
Old Saturation With Biblical Phrase
ology a Thing Of the Past.

Old saturation With Biblical Phrase
ology a Thing Of the Past.
Rollo Ogden in the Century.
One cannot well deny that the battle has
gone against the Bible as "the only great
literature" Gin Huxley's phrase) within
reach of the common people Too many
archers shave pressed 1t SORE Cheapened
and multiplied newspapers and magazines
and books Of all kinds have fallen in with
If they have not fostered an extensive in
the place of an intensive reading habit SO
that the Bible must now struggle for ex-
istence as literature, instead of being the
zone book" Bible reading has been bowed
out Of the public schools, while the home,
to which it was again kindly commended.
to the Sunday school. But that Institution,
with the best will in the world, cannot re-
create the heaven which lay about the in
fancy of those who, at mothers knee.
the racy, piq,,ant English of the King
James version, and with that wealth Of
oriental trope and allegory and. parable and
pastoral and drama which, from the Bible,
has passed into the masterpieces OF our
literature.
The evidence is too strong, and comes
from too many quarters. that the old sat
uration with biblical phraseology and Inn
agery and illustration Is a thing Of the past.
An arid and astounding ignorance has too
often succeeded 1t. Tennyson and Brown
ing. to say nothing Of Milton and Dryden,
are already in need OF scholiasts to explain
to ingenious minds In school and college
echoes and "reminiscences of the Bible which
were second nature to an earlier genera
ton All this is a twice-told IL still sor-
rowful tale. And there seems no present
hope of turning back the tide OF battle.
We can but sadly reckon up our losses.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1903-02-07

and warehouses for It's ocean. shipping. This
all belongs to the Municipality. The city
has put up eighty ste3 cranes which win
lift from 500 to GO 600 pounds each. and 1t
200 tons OF coal per hour at cost OF -FOUR
cents per ton. In. every respect the SHIP
ping facilities are bf tiit best.
Big Canal Schemes.
am surprised at tie work the Euro
peans are doing in making canals. Dhave
been pretty well over the continent within
the past few years. Nearly every country
is improving fts.waterways. Russia is plan
ming a canal from st. Petersburg and the
Baltic to the Black SEA, which will be
thirty feet deep and able to accommodate
the largest of the OCEAN steamers. Inc
canal system will probably be extended
eventually to the Northern ocean, SO that
the whole country will be accessible by
water. The chief rivers Of Russia are al
ready connected by canals, and 1t Is posi-
BILE to go from st. Petersburg to the Caspian
sea by boat.
Germany has for years been spending an
enormous amount on deepening its rivers
and building canals, and 1t has one Of the
best canal systems Of Europe. Goods can
be taken from Hamburg to Berlin and al
most to the sources Of the Elbe by boat.
There are canals connecting the Elbe and
the Oder, and the canal which has been
built to join the coal and iron regions about
Dortmund to the North sea will eventually
be extended to embrace the Rhine, the
Weser and the Elbe.
The Germans want to standardize their
canal system. If possible, SO that barges
carrying thousand tons can be taken to
any part of the country. They use wide
barges on the principle that 1t is easier to
make wide canal than a deep one.
AT present the canals of eastern Germany
seem to be favored over those Of the west
the port OF Stettin complaining that the
Prussian government will not give 1t the
canal facilities which it needs to compete
with Hamburg. It is much nearer and
naturally more accessible to Berlin than
any of the ports of the west. but so far the
western ports are getting the trade.
AS 1t Is now Hamburg handles about one
half OF all the commerce Of Germany, and
goods can be shipped from there up the
Elbe as far as Prague in Bohemia.
You can go by boat from Rotterdam to
the Rhine and by canal to Paris. You can
also go to Vienna by way Of the Rhine, the
Main and the canals into the Danube and
thence on to the Black sea, or you can
connect by canals with other rivers which
Will take You to almost any part Of north
ern Europe. Among the canals projected
are some connecting the Elbe with the
Danube and also the Oder and the Vistula
with that river, so that in the future 1t will
be possible to send our goods to almost
any part of Europe by water.
FRANK G. CARPENTER.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1903-02-07

smaller and finally block the canal in the
distance
The locks are old fashioned. They are
moved by hand by quaint old Dutchmen in
caps. roundabouts and fat pantaloons. At
every lock Dutch girls brought out fruit
and knickknacks to sell to the passengers.
They were pretty girls and 1 liked their
quaint costumes. They wore short skirts,
white clogs and black stockings. Several
had on bright vests and two had horns of
gold over each of their eyes, the horns
twisted around in the shape Of a miniature
old-fashioned bed spring. Three others had
gold or silver helmets fitted tight to their
heads, showing out through their lace caps
They laughed we dealt with them but
invariably got the bestof the bargain.
Horse Power, Man Power and Steam.
Most of the craft of this canal is carried
along by tugs, although some barges are
pulled by men and women and others by
horses. So far but little electricity has
been applied to these canals, although this
matter is seriously considered by the Dutch
At every few steps along the way are posts
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1903-02-07

Tor northern Europe, SURPRISING Antwerp
IN Its importations of American products.
Antwerp, as far as the figures 60 has the
greater tonnage. but much of it's tonnage is
maze up or ships which merely touch there
while that of Rotterdam Is composed of
ships which take on and discharge cargo.
Rotterdam has about half as much ship
ping as Hamburg and about one-third that
OF Liverpool or London. The shipping Is
steadily increasing, and it now comprises
lines to all parts of the world In 1870
there were about 600 ships from the United
States. This is not one-tenth of the whole
almost one-third of the cargo of that wear
The chief Of these ships are those of the
Holland American line. which go from Rot
terdam direct to New York, and have been
doing so since 1900. These ships are first
class passenger steamers, some of them
being 1900 tons and over.
The Gate to the Rhine.
Rotterdam is our gate to the Rhine and
to the enormous country tributary to 1t.
Our goods are here transshipped into the
huge barges. from 200 to 300 feet long, in
which they are carried up the Rhine The
river freights are exceedingly low and the
Rhine trade is enormous. About one-half of
all the goods that come into Holland go
through Rotterdam up the Rhine to Diff
ferent parts Of Germany, Switzerland and
France, the number Of river ships and boats
10000 annually. There are canals connect
ing the Rhine with the Seine and the Elbe
The barges go as far north as Basel and
some Of them are taken up the Main to the
Danube, so that Rotterdam is actually the
center point Of a network of waterways
which embraces almost all central Europe.
How Rotterdam Booms.
The increase Of the Rhine trade has given
Rotterdam great prosperity. It had about
900. 900 people in 1890. It now has almost
$4,000 and It is growing like a green bay
tree 1t Is steadily increasing it's shipping
facilities. It has built new harbor, which
IL over a mile long and 1.00O feet wide and
has another harbor In course of construction
which will be 1900 feet long, LOGO feet
wide and twenty-s feet deep. When the
terdam win have twenty-five miles Of
Quays. It has already over twenty miles
and more than thirty-two acres Of sheds
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1903-02-07
THE AGE OF CANALS.
Europe Deepening Rivers and
Digging Waterways.
THE DUTCH SYSTEM
ONE OF THE MAIN DUTIES OF THE
GOVERNMENT.
Tour Through South Holland - The
Boat People and How They Live
Prosperous Rotterdam.
THE DUTCH SYSTEM

Copyright 1903 by Frank G. CarpenterD
Special Correspondence of The Evening Star
ROTTERDAM.
This is the age of railroads. 1t promises
also to be the age of canals. Water trans
portation is still cheaper than any other,
and the European nations are deepening
their rivers and constructing canals to join
their waterways. 1t is only question or
time when the United States will do the
same, and when we shall have ship canals
joining some of the principal parts of our
country.
l came from Antwerp to Rotterdam by
boat to learn something about the canals
of the Dutch. and since then l have visited
their waterways in the north. Holland Is
the canal land of the world. 1t has more
interior waterways than any region except
the Yangtse Kiang valley about Shanghai
Hangchow and Soochow. 1t is, all told,
only about as big as Massachusetts, but If
you could stretch it's navigable waterways
out in one straight line they would carry
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1903-02-07
CANAL IN AMSTERDAM WITH LOAD OF AMERICAN FLOUR

the dykes. On the opposite side the
trees showed out like bushes over the
wall which extended on and on up the river
as far as our eyes could reach. We passed
the great forts that guard this entrance to
Europe and went on through Hat country
on the edge of the sea. At times we could
see the fields beyond the walls with the
cattle feeding upon them. Long lines Of
trees marked out the road which seemed to
be marching over the landscape, making
me think of Macbeth's woods coming to
Dunsinane.
A Big Dutch Canal.
We soon left the Scheldt and passing
through locks came into the canal of South
Beveland This Is one of the largest ca
nails of southern Holland. 1t is wide and
high banked, and so straight that the tugs
and barges which fill it grow smaller and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1903-02-07
English Pronunciation.
From the London Standard.

From the London Standard.
In your article Of today's date on
Changes in the Pronunciation u English"
you seem to take exception to Mr.. East
lakes inference that because Alexander
Pope makes "obey" rhyme with tea"
"obey" was at that date pronounced "obee."
You point out that In Devonshire and in
other parts Of England and Ireland people
still talk Of "a dish of tay." Your view
would seem to receive support from the fol-
lowing quotation from Drydens rhyming
translation of the "IEneid:''
Within a long recess there lies bay;
An island shades it from the rolling sea,
And forms port secure for ships to ride;
Broke by the juttng land on either side.
Now sir, it is quite certain that bay"
was never pronounced bee" 1t is also well
known that ''sea" was at one time, and Is
now in some places pronounced say"
Dryden, who wrote before Pope, was not
less careful about his rhymes; and although
the rhyming of bay and sea" may here
be case of poetic license, Mr.. Eastlake's
inference seems to be negatived.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1903-02-07

Ibid Johnson's purchase include also the
good will OF the business?''
.There wasn't any good will to it. It was
a coal dealer that Johnson bought OUT
Syracuse Herald.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1903-02-07

Third-class railway fare in India Is less
than one-half cent mile.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1903-06-12

Data an ~ per taai saFls1. - % SO
ten. wheat. - per ton chop. sgsU3s
PEI ten. bYan. 81 per ton ahaFts
81 - K.sf tea 81 cabs. fto - pes tea
EAsfsFn Washsnstan ttrsothy, ~ -.
rsstsrn WasAta4iaa even erSssaa tn thf,
3D. %. eANfafala haY. ain - Fsf ten.
caiife rnHa alfalfa. LOO p@f tan
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1903-06-12

Strawberries. . SOS per cratei
native guosrbsfrics, tlzs per
box. California cherries. black
81 sol - white, tiAaft5 apfieats.
q q per erats. California currants. 10
per crate rasphertira 81 e. per box
ackbeffiea 81 81. i.oEanbeFrics. - /,
lsnuua. - iptit 81 pei hux orAuEes s. %
90 e per hex aprlsn. eeat . pei bas
bananas . an4at per bunch. Erapc
fruit & sato
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1903-06-12

fkNtNtf WAND
Worthf FrssftsHt
Attest Frank rowd worthy seers-
fary
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1903-06-12

nuttst wsssiustea efsamsftss sc
d4frY AsHaie
ExEu-tFsah saneh. asas psF tssi fsai-
sFn iocs
t.ssossa Native Washinssasn. ssu cream.
iaSyi les iinitafNxr, TIE, auiss htieA. $50
tea
psuisry Dressed tasssy.. xSassr NV
kessa. les ffe I've asess, "a. dressed To-
eEnax ehleaaaa. g taos . lsr aaa
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1903-06-12
NE WSpAPER ARTISTS
HOLD EXHIBITION

The annual exhibition Of the
Newspaper Artists league opened
to-day At the knieksrhocker hotel
Many drawings ON exhibition arc
clever plseea Of sofk. and the eA-
hlhltorn iaciuds same Of the more
prominent artistic ON the Pacific
coast
To-day is set apart n fpatruns q
the exhibition. and tes.crraS and
tomorrow nlxht tire eshioitsen viii
lie open to the general public.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1903-06-12
Vegetables

California green corn. lae per deH
uaftaHk rsitatuss, HatiVes 90 tssa o. - nsf
taH hahlmts fia tNBiAnf rff too 80
CahftHnls lM0Er ref ~ carrots, " ta5
tomatoes. 81 - rsf hasket lsttaes, ~ -
reF caset rauMnaeeE na-a Fef dassr.
cahtaAa. g. nvF est rhnhafh +Hfstf
ib native ASPARAGUS. 8 a4 . haS F.,
native Efxen psas futt psr nj ttsns
beams 40 th cueumbRfH, facu 90
per doe radtshss tae per dos hunrtes :
oniuna q uai Is per cNt. Gfecu. loo
PEI dosrn hunehea
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1903-06-12
THE MARKETS
WAolEsAlr PRlcrs

frhsse rfifrs Az e. am huvsf IN at-p-
uuss tfiees 90 sMan purchases aNefaE :
" rsr cent hlghsrl
Provisions
Nrwuh MrataCaW hfet. she rsf IA
steer heHf D. pvr lhl muttsH SAC pei ~
iaafk iu5st zee fn eeai - 10 nsr ~.
Provisions Hama taal hENakfast haeans
tFhe. tsihes ffysh. tgtes
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1903-06-12
DROWNED
Three Men Lose Lives IN
kiondike River

Mail adVices from naW son bring
news % the dHoW ning Ct three men
Ia the kiondike river Their names
were William HALEY, John haKglahd
and john Prank Tho body of rank
was rescued Just as he gaaped hts
last breath.
The men were iu a canoe trying
Co cross from the new MIL helms
built a.. an island above the k,un-
dixie bridge. la the beat were deof Sc
Nrra and Edward Whitley. The
last two we're rrsetirG.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1903-06-12
LAW GRADUATES
HOLD 4 SMOKER

The graduating class q me iaw de-
pArtmrnf ~ the Uaivcfrsty Of Wash
ington me- last niEni IA the iaN oalld-
ing for q last smoker Carts and HeN.
sral boxisE contests Consumed the
earlier Part % tbs eyentng.
Later a dinner was served IN the
dining hall Of the tulidia9. Tho ~
spcnrss 20 the tcasts we're happy aud
witty.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1903-06-12

Mrs. Anna Merritt has sued VIII.
lam Merritt for divorce. charging sx-
IRENE cruelty. sac states In her COM
plant that since their marriage. IN
lass the defendant has frequently
beaten and checked her and has often
Threatened 70 kin her
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1903-06-12

fcat h9Wasso So ~ hasa. ON foot r.
pr ~ sheep ga foot. 80 per a. iateA
On feet, tatse psf ID hidss. uha pFr -
vsastahls and Green Fruits =.
nuftank putHtesH. natives. " % Etf
tani Eskimaa ~ 90 Hsf too. eaHptH, I %
per saek native uhieas TO- afape ffuit
b. hoes ~ pee boz cnnih huneF, a. prr ~
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1903-06-12

Judge Tallsnaa this morning
granted divorces 81 Agnes uouceft
fre<u her husband ". J. paucrtt on
the ground that he y a cunxlrt at
wafla walia. ana 60 Mrs. RAY fNt.
yenf.r from Frank 0errinEsr on
ground OF cruelty
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1903-06-12

hpftha chiakHHss ta4hHtN hef dos
fEsH ffesh FaHehl istAE pef aoreni live
nuttem. fAeupa Der ~ dressed haEa. ~
II ohalee tesf gevs. un foot ave- pei ~
ssssrs en- ieai. t#atso 81 let calves en
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1903-06-12

Esstsra NhsAAaxtea tiaethf 81 80
- ~ rss taa slf.,tfs. - rsf tea ssts
go 10 pr t.snI barisr 81 90 psf tea ~kxai.
sc - rsf los han so 90 80 tga sk4f'ts
81 ~ - tea uIi&tliaas. 81 80 - Z. go
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1903-06-12

.tsh. NeSsss4s and Max Kelly. 81
= ~ -
sSs&- S<Srzszfz. - 81 tf7,------ 49,
Is. and MAris snydsr. q. botb Of Sc
Alta
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1903-06-12
pRtcEs 10 pRopucuRs


fThsss prirss are 10 snaas aslrssss al
fsliFo4a. frstsht ask.sss - "a tAs ae-ss Ia
ttia ctt1l
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1903-06-12

All mensefs q ths FratsrnAi Order
81 Esgtss are requested - attend the
fua~rai 81 nrath@rs Emii Olsen ~ Sc
attic A-rie Ne l and = ". Acsssis
Of Nelson Asrts Ne. 2 AZ EAKies
hall second avenue ana Psks street.
On Saturday. Jsss II isa At { p'eioes
. m rs order 81
The Farmville herald. [volume] (Farmville, Va.) 1890-1934, 1903-11-27
LIBRARIES FOR The PUBLIC
SCHOOLS.

10 The Toachcrs and ChHdren Of the
Public Schools Of Prince Ed,oard and
adjoining Counties:
DO you want a good library of inter
esting books for your school? II so,
you have an excellent opportunity TO
get it. The Herald Will show the way,
aud ali that Is needed 90 win the prizes
is systematic work for the next few
weeks. Read the following offer care
fully, and then write at once for blanks
and win "a prize:
For 40 new annual subscriptions the
Herald will give a $50 library.
For 80 new annual subscriptions the
Herald will give s26 library.
For 30 new annual subscriptions the
Herald will gives SD library.
For - new annual subscriptions the
Herald will give a $50 library.
For 20 new annual subscriptions the
Herald will give SO library.
For 10 new annual subscriptions the
Herald will give a sll library.
For TO new annual subscriptions the
Herald will give a 81 library.
For S.new annual subscriptions the
Herald will givea s. library.
Blanks will be furnished free 10 any
school wishing 20 win prize. A blank
will be needed for each subscriber, and
these blanks must be filed aud signed
by the teacher of the school. No sub
scripliOn Will be counted unless handed
in ON these blanks. Drop a postal to
the Herald stating how many blanks
you think you can use
Schools may combine and work to-
gether il they wish. lt Is Of course
better for each school 10 see what IL can
do alone, but I'm some cases 10 may help
both large school and weak one to
combine. For example, one school
might get less than eight subscribers.
As the Herald does not offer prize for
less than this number, a school getting
"A less number might combine with
larger school aud thus secure some Of
the books, 10 be divided a. the two
schools might decide. II a subscriber
10 the Herald wishes to help you secure
library, ask MIN 10 send the Herald
10 some Of his friends.
Each school winning a prize must
agree 20 the following conditions: IL
must have a suitable bookcase i'm which
to place the books; and the case must
have either door or suitable cover
ing Of cloth TO prot,c ct the books from
dust aud exposure. Any school can
get a bookcase made and given by some
public spirited citizen Of the neighbour
hood.
Note carefully: This offer closes
February lst, 1904.
No subscription will be taken for the
library after that date. All subscrip-
lions must be accompanied with the
cash, and be for subscribers not
already on our subscription books.
Address all communications 10 the
FARMvILLE HERALD,
Farmville, Va.
The Farmville herald. [volume] (Farmville, Va.) 1890-1934, 1903-11-27
A Pertinent Inquiry.

DO you know that for little more
than 10 costs to take your family to the
theatre once, you can haye a GRAPHIC
phone, which is equal to dozen theat-
rical performances rolled into one, Tor
with it you can reproduce all the songs,
speeches and musical selections that
you wish 10 hear? You get cOmbina-
ton Of an orchestra, theatre, concert
and no end Of novel and delightful en-
tertainments. Nothing is truer than
the assertion that the Graphophone en-
tertains everybody everywhere. Those
who are not familiar with this wonder.
ful instrument have much 10 learn that
will add to their pleasure.
The Columbia Phonograph Co., 10
+. Baltimore ST., Baltimore, head
quarters for graphophOnes and talking
machine supplies Of every kind, VIII
send you catalogues on application.