davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The independent. [volume] (Lincoln, Neb.) 1902-1907, 1903-07-16

therefore they have the right to alter
their system of government at will.
The final enactment of constitutions
is by direct vote-majority rule. The
system of voting is termed the ref
erendum.
Statutory laws are also enacted by
majority rule system, but Woefully
crude: Each political party enumer-
ates a series of legislative measures,
pledging that if agreed to by ma
jority of the voters, the party VIII
carry out the peoples will. All po-
liticians since the disintegratlon OF
the federalist party in national ar
fairs in 1877 have stood for the doc
trine of majority rule.
Majority rule, then, is fundamen-
tai principle in both the great parties.
An improved form is obtained by add
ing to the representative system peo-
pies veto Through the optional refer
endum) and direct initiative.
THE RESULT OF MAJORITY RULE.
The aim, under majority rule, IS:
|. To secure equal rights to all.
The result of this will ultimately be
(a) the ownership of monopolies by a
public corporation--a corporation IN
which each adult casts one vote; I'D
equal opportunity to serve the public
competition il the public service.
2. The second great aim is to pro-
tect the weak up to the point where
tc 60 farther would interfere with the
efficiency of the service to the public
These are the main features OF leg
islative policy under majority rule.
In applying these principles, we fine
tendency to development OF monop-
olies in transportation and all other
means of communication, also a ten
dency in manufactures and trade. As
rapidly as monopoly develops it VII
be necessary, of course, to change the
ownership of the monopoly from pri
yate corporation to public one.
Furthermore, there is a tendency tt
| abolish private profits in the llquol
traffic in great cities, as means to
ward it's complete eradication.
And as competition between organ
/ izations within an industry entails
much waste and a low grade form o
/ cOmpetltlOu, the tClu0hsy, sAAeoi -
effective business organization OF ma
iaritv rule will be to establish lega
| monopolies as rapidly as the cut
throat stage of competition is reached
i And when the majority rule system |
/ fully developed we can conceive tina
4 il will be likely that legal monopolle
will be decreed before the cut-throa
stage of competition is reached.
AS to the land, it's value apart fror
! improvements is due to the presence G
society, therefore the application c
equal rights will result in the eventua
ownership of the lar by corporate
, in which each of the adults will ow
share of stock. This will increas
the income of all workers, for unde
private ownership the product OF tn
poorest land in cultivation is the av
) erage wage, which will be greatly II
creased when rental values are apple
to the payment of public service, col
| porations. such as the school, etc.
Furthermore, majority rule tens
Q to develop cooperation, namely, Thu
!. form of mutual helpfulness in whit
i the corporation is composed of volul
n tary associates.
Q In the course of years it may be tn
there will be developed a cooperate
commonwealth. But in reaching it,
j: we do, the aim each year will not
The independent. [volume] (Lincoln, Neb.) 1902-1907, 1903-07-16

to develop such system, but to pre-
serve equal rights in the changing con-
ditions and protect the weaker mem
bers of society. This is the legislative
compass of the scientist, and OF dem
ocracy Whether or not the creator
designs monopoly in this or that IN
dustry is no concern OF the trainers OF
human laws. Their duty is to apply
the principles of liberty and brother
hood to the ever-changing conditions
which the Creator provides. In other
words. the Creator changes the condl-
tions, and it is the duty of the legls-
lators to meet these changing condl-
tons with laws that preserve equal
rights and duly protect all.
The socialist party leaders, such as
Mr.. Simons, have different concep-
ton of the principles of progress.
Such of the legislative nominees OF
the republican and democratic parties
as pledge to Immediately install an
effective majority rule will help to IN
stall system that will Immediately
result in the termination of private
monopolies and in progress in scores
Of other directions. The system OF
government will be radically changed.
1t will be the twentieth century revO-
luton.
The peoples party can force the
adoption of this great change. 1t has
only to declare for majority rule and
that it will nominate legislative candi-
| dates wherever both the old-line can
| didates refuse to pledge for majority
| rule. Success can be secured, doubt
| less, without the nomination of pop
uliSt candidate.
Ten states are to elect legislatures
this year: Ohio, Iowa, Kentucky.
Maryland, New York New Jersey.
Massachusetts,, Rhode Island, South
Carolina, and Mississippi. The Ken
lucky pepulists have ordered their
state convention for July and doubt
less will force the fight along the lines
above described. They almost won
out on these lines two years ago.
Let the populists in the other nine
states call conventions or conferences.
Don't mind if the attendance is small.
Secure expressions of opinion by let
ter. Our strength lies in our program.
Last year a majority in seven legisla-
lures were carried by organized labor
and referendum leagues and the
Washington state grange merely by
questioning candidates. One or two
men in a state did practically all the
work. Let the peoples party join in
the work and stand ready to put UP
legislative candidates. The chairman
or secretary can do All the work and
at slight expense.
The peoples party has before it an
opportunity for great usefulness. II
should enunciate the platform that is
te prevail and then should help to
complete the installation of majority
. rule, which will be the greatest change
the world has ever experienced.
GEO. II. SHELLEY.
Bureau of Economic Research,
, Washington, d. G.
The independent. [volume] (Lincoln, Neb.) 1902-1907, 1903-07-16

The readers of Tie Independent
should remember that one of the best
methods for favoring the paper is 10
examine the advertisements carefully
aud make purchases from advertisers
when possible, always mentioning the
fact that the advertisement was seen
in The Independent. Write today for
the several catalogues advertised and
look them through for what you want
Barbour County index. [volume] (Medicine Lodge, Kan.) 1880-current, 1903-09-16

investigate Antarctic conditions as far
south as it was possible to reach. To
reach the furthest point south that was
possible was the object of the sledge
journey made by Capt Scott, DR.. Will
son and myself.
AS the sun gradually rose above the
horizon, and the days heightened, the
cold became less intense, although the
temperatures were still low, minus 62
degrees Fair. being the lowest recorded
on the ship in the early spring. At the
beginning of October Capt Scott, with
couple of officers, laid depot beyond the
bluff about so miles south of the ship,
doing the journey there and back lover
157 miles, in eight days through soft
snow and across dangerous crevasses.
Barbour County index. [volume] (Medicine Lodge, Kan.) 1880-current, 1903-09-16
Two Sort. Of Filipino..

The Filipinos appear to be divided
sharply into two classes, which, after all.
are really one. One class processes 10y
atty. Some of this class are really as
loyal as they can be: others are buenos
hombres during the day, only to foster
rebellion at night. The other class is
in open defiance Of all our conceptions of
law and order IF the two classes, the
latter is by far less dangerous In the
past year there have been perhaps
hundred convictions of individuals to-
death or life Imprisonment for open re-
bellion; few days ago one judge
passed sentences of death and various
terms of duress. from life Imprisonment
DOWN to year or so, ON 20 of the out
laws. But Of those receiving the heavier
punishments. several were of the out.
wardly loyal class. men who secretly
tomehted instruction and ladronism.-
Arthur Stanley Riggs, in Atlantic.
Barbour County index. [volume] (Medicine Lodge, Kan.) 1880-current, 1903-09-16

could not be approached nearer owing
to huge crevasses and pressure ridges
which were not possible for sledges TO
cross. Leaving a certain amount of
provisions for. the return journey. and
discarding everything that could pos
sibly be discarded, shortening the ration
of provisions, and leaving the dogs
fish food, which had become bad owing
to the hot sun, the party left for final
dash to the south on the same day.
On Christmas day, in latitude 81 de-
grees 45 minutes south, we had our
celebration dinner, which, if not very
large, was augmented by four-ou
plum-pudding, that proved a pleasant
surprise to two OF the officers, the third
having carefully hidden it on leaving
the ship in his kit-bac of unused socks
To save fuel, 1T was boiled in the water
in which the cocoa was eventually
made.
Although the dogs were still weaken
ing so as to become practically useless,
Barbour County index. [volume] (Medicine Lodge, Kan.) 1880-current, 1903-09-16
LONGEVITY OF Fn1pINos.
despite the Many Epidemics q Great
Number Live to BE Cen.
tenarians,

manila newspapers which have late
y reached Washington give interest
ng features OF the Philippine census
which has just been completed. 1t
seems that the census records are now
being examined at Manila prior to their
| shipment to Washington, says the
star. They disclose some Interesting
facts In regard to the longevity of the
Filipino people and indicate that de-
spite the many epidemics prevalent
some survive to green old age. It
was first noticed that a great number
Oh Philippine people were over a hum
bred years old Finally the examina-
uon OF schedule from Laguna prov
nee disclosed an old fellow who
claimed six score and ten" as the
length or his existence Considerable
interest was aroused when an old wom-
an laid claim to 14O years. The clerks
were then Instructed to make note of
All VINO had given their age at over 100
years. There was surprisingly large
number OF these, but the record for age
had by no means been established.
batangas province came to- the front
with an old lady who boosted of 100
summers. Laguna province at once
returned to the charge with a little
brown brother who modestly claimed
ne first saw the light of day just ITO
rainy seasons back
Director of the Philippine Census
Sanger and his assistants think it
hardly probable that these ages can be
correct, and an effort will be made to
prove them by an examination of the
church records of the municipality in
which the persons were born. AS the
Spanish church authorities were very
particular to have both births and
deaths carefully recorded it is believed
than an investigation will not show
these old folks to be as aged as they
stated to the census enumerator.
Assistant Director Almsted has cited
some facts regarding the taking of the
census of the United States which tend
to prove the majority of old people
who claim very excessive age to have
forgotten how old they were. One old
man claimed to be 120 of $50 years of
age. Upon investigation of the rec
ords Of the census ten years before it
was found that he had aged fifteen
years in ten years. The several census
returns for still earlier years proved
that the old gentleman had been adding
fifteen and twenty years to his age for
every ten years actually lived.
Barbour County index. [volume] (Medicine Lodge, Kan.) 1880-current, 1903-09-16
PHILIPPINE PARASITES.
returning Soldiers Bring Germs of
Dangerous Diseases Hitherto I'm
known in This Country.

The general apprehension that I'M
known and dreaded diseases may be
brought to the United States by our SOL
diers who serve in tropical regions has
suggested a careful examination of the
army patients sent to St. Elizabeth in
sane asylum, near this city, says a
Washington report.
For many. months there has been in
progress an inquiry into the subject of
parasite intestinal symptoms and 500
separate microscopical examinations
have been made at the hygienic labora-
tory of the public health service
The results show that precautions
must be taken to avert the spread of dis
eases heretofore unknown to this coun-
try.
The conclusions of the inquiry show
that army life in the Philippines is con-
ducive to infection by parasites wholly
unknown in the United States.
The relation of these parasites to the
particular malady which required the
confinement of the patient in the asylum
is not set forth, but it is regarded as
contributing incident to the low and ir-
regular physical condition of the indi-
vidual.
Of the 800 patients examined, sc, or
1872 per cent, showed parasitic Infection
of the intestines.
Ten had a double infection, and in one
case three different parasites were pres
ents, making total of 78 infections.
Fifty-nine men were examined who had
III -
Twenty-Five of these. or 40 46 per cent,
had intestinal parasites.
The results obtained in these examina-
tons indicate that large number of
soldiers returning from service in the
Philippines return with a parasitic in
lection of the intestines.
Barbour County index. [volume] (Medicine Lodge, Kan.) 1880-current, 1903-09-16

On the same journey, owing to the dogs
suddenly jibbing, being unwilling to
face one of these crevasses, a man fell
in. He hung by his harness, and he was
soon pulled up again; but the harness
was found to be stranded. Fortunately
1t held, although half an hour after
wards, while on level ground, he gave
1t an extra pull. and the whole thing
carried away. 1t was lucky escape, for
there was no bottom to be seen in that
place. After the depot had been laid out
by Capt. Scott and his companions on
November 2, it was decided to start the
southern journey, and after great send
off from the ship and crew, with hearty
wishes for good time and for success,
The three officers who were to undertake
Barbour County index. [volume] (Medicine Lodge, Kan.) 1880-current, 1903-09-16
THE USE OF TOBACCO.
literature Filled with Paeans fin
Its Praise and MaledictiOns
the Weed.

One of the most difficult things in the
world is to get any authoritative conclu-
slons about the effects Of using tobacco.
Literature is filled with paeans in its
praise and maledictions in equal meas
ure, says the Philadelphia Ledger. There
is abundant medical opinion on it's evil
eHects on the heart, on the throat and
lungs, on the nerves, and everybody
knows the chronic smoker whose appe-
title is rNined, digestion impaired, whose
nerves are torn to shreds, who is hypo-
chronGriac, lamentable object and a
cross to his friends. On the other hand,
nearly everybody smokes, and there is
no easier way of starting mutiny on
land or sea than to cut off the tobacco
supply of soldier or sailor Persons who
are engaged in hard labor, or in ex-
haust1ng pursuits of any kind, know
that a smoke at the end of the day
soothes the nerves, banishes fatigue,
knits up the raveled sleeve of care If
your dentist be complaisant he will tell
you that smoking preserves the teeth
and kills the germs" your doctor, Il he
knows nothing about the subject ami
wants to stand high in your estimation,
will tell you to "use tobacco, but use it
in moderation" the doctor who has
studied the subject is sure that the
abuse of tobacco" is a very bad thing.
The London Lancet, conservative au-
thorlty, is not sure that the moderate use
of tobacco by persons of certain con-
stitution and temperament is injurious;
and then we have the sage advice that
you are to give up the use of tobacco if
you can do SO with less wear and tear
on your happiness and welfare than the
continuance of the habit would cost you.
And so we come right back to fundamen-
tails: Do not smoke if the results are
harmful.
But some things we do know about
tobacco: 1t costs prodigious deal of
money. is one of the most important in
dustries in the world and an important
source of revenue to all nations. Amer
leans consume 1000 900 900 cigars annu-
ally and the yearly increase in the con-
sumption is nearly 600 600. 900. Smokers
use 5000 100000 cigarettes annually,
and consu,ce in other forms, as in snuff,
plug ard smoking tobacco. 315, 600, 900
pounds. exclusive of the tobacco export
ed and that used in the manufacture of
cigars and cigarettes The federal treas
ury receives SIS 900 900 annual revenue
from the tobacco tax: the manufs ctur-
ers alone pay in salaries 5000, 900 and
in wages $4,000 900 year. and the an
nual value of the manufactured product
In this country is upward of 1920, 900 900.
Barbour County index. [volume] (Medicine Lodge, Kan.) 1880-current, 1903-09-16

minutes south, longitude 1853 degrees
east was reached, and here the British
flag was hoisted at the most southerly
point yet reached in this world. To the
eastward the Barrier surface stretched
away to the horizon. dead white plain
OF ice and snow; to the westward rose
the great snowy mountains, running I'D
to $4,000 feet, with glaciers flowing from
them towards the east ITO the south ex-
tended this range of mountains as far as
eye could see
Had it been possible, we could have
travelled many miles in a south-by-east
direction, but although Capt. Scott
wished to penetrate still further into the
unknown, the health of the party, the
lack of provisions, the uselessness of the
dogs and the bad weather necessitated
the return; so, through soft snow, fog
and drift the party made their way back,
after trying to reach the actual land it.
self, to obtain geological specimens.
They were frustrated by an ice cliff 70
feet high that blocked their way to the
shore, though for three hours the party
crossed crevasses of snow, lowering and
IN their endeayor to do this.
Snow-blindness, which attacked the
party, in spite of goggles worn, continu-
ally added to the trouble, especially to
DR.. Wilson. On reaching the depot
again, everything was done to tighten
the sledges, as the scurvy symptoms
which had appeared made it necessary
Tor every precaution to be taken; and
Capt Scott. after general consultation,
decided to return direct to the ship. in
stead of exploring the land to the north
west.
The poor dogs had for some time been
useless, just walking alongside the
sledges. Those which were too weak to
follow through the billiards fell BY the
way and had to be left: the last two.
being diseased by scurvy, had to be
killed; and the party made their way
back to the ship without any.
On January Is broke down owing to
overstrain. and hemorrhage started.
which was naturally rather serious
matter. as the party was 10 miles from
the ship. l was. however, able to march
the nine or ten miles day that the
party Hhdue. he WOTh OF pulling the
sledges at this iuncture devolved on
Capt. Scott and DR.. Wilson. and it was
irving time. they having to drag at one
time ITO pounds each. Fortunately. the
party was assisted by the strong winds
from the south. and sail was able to
be made on the sledges for part of the
time.
On February the party was sighted
from the ship, and willing hands pulled
the sledges to their destination.
And so ended what seemed TO me re-
markable journey. We had approached
TO within 420 miles of the south pole. a
nearer point than had ever before been
reached by man
E. Fl. SHACKLETON
Lieut.. Antarctic Ship Discovery"
Barbour County index. [volume] (Medicine Lodge, Kan.) 1880-current, 1903-09-16
Natures war with Bacteria.

Bacteria are no respecters. of places
or persons; they go wherever they find
thoroughfare and waiting vehicle.
One of natures unending tasks, at which
she is busy every minute in the year, is
the filtering of water for human USE
When she has enough of the right sort
of sandy soil and time enough she makes
thorough job of it. When she hasn't
the fever germs Turk in the old oaken
Hartford (Conn) Courant
Barbour County index. [volume] (Medicine Lodge, Kan.) 1880-current, 1903-09-16
WORDS OF BIBLE COUNTED.
PRISONER Confined in Madrid Jail for
Thirty-Three Years Accom-
piished the Task

1t is well known that the number of
letters, words, verses, ETC., contained
In the Bible have been counted, but by
whom, when or where is not generally
known. Treats publication entitled
"CuriositieS of the Bible speaks of the
occurrence as being of Spanish origin
and that the prince of Granada, fearing
usurpationS caused the arrest of the sup,
posed would-be usurper and by order OF
the Spanish crown he was thrown into
an old prison called the place of skulls,
situated in Madrid, where he was con-
lined for 33 years, with no other COM
panlonS than the rats, mice and other
Vermln that frequented his dismal cell.
During his confinement, says the Bos-
ton Herald, he counted the letters, ETC.,
contained in the Bible and scratched
the several numbers on the stone walls
with nail. When his work was dis
covered he was furnished with writing
utensils and ordered to make a copy of
the results of his long and tedious task,
and, on it's being completed he finally
recovered his liberty. The following is
correct copy of his great work:
The Bible contains 1866, 480 letters,
773,746 words, 31,173 verses, 1.195 chap
tiers and sc books.
The word and occurs 1854 times the
word Lord 1853 times. the word Jehovah
$3.50 times and the word reverend only
once, which is in the ninth verse of the
111th Psalm.
The middle verse is the eighth verse
Of the 18th Psalm. The 21st verse of
the seventh chapter of Ezra contains all
the letters of the alphabet except the
letter j.
The finest chapter to read is the 26th
chapter of the Acts of the Apostles. The
most beautiful chapter is the 23d Psalm.
The 18th chapter of II. Kings and the
9th chapter of Isaiah are alike.
The four most inspiring promises are
to be found in the sixth chapter of st.
John, 9th verse, and 14th chapter, sec
Ond verse; also 18th chapter of st. Mat
thew, 18th verse, and the 9th Psalm,
fourth verse.
The longest verse is the ninth verse,
eighth chapter of Esther. The shortest
verse is the 35th verse, eleventh chap
ter of st. John.
There are ten chapters in the book OF
Esther, in which the words Lord and
God do not occur. The eighth, 18th, 21s'
and 31st verses of the 10th Psalm are
alike. Each verse of the 136th Psalm enc
alike. The 117th Psalm contains but two
verses, the 18th Psalm contains lie
verses. There are no words or names OF
more than six syllables.
1t has also been discovered by some
person unknown that in Joel, third
chapter, third verse, the word girl oc-
ours, and in the eighth chapter of Zach
ariah. fifth verse. the word girls is men,
toned for the only time in the whole
book.
The eighth chapter of Esther, ninth
verse. contains SO is. The word snow
appears "a times in the old testament
and three times in the new
Barbour County index. [volume] (Medicine Lodge, Kan.) 1880-current, 1903-09-16

SAVED BY A SLEDGE ROPE FROM FALL OF
$500 FE5T.
this work started. The southern Jour-
ney was commenced on November 2. We
took with us all the dogs, numbering
Is.
All went we'll, the party doing from Is
to IL miles day until, on November 16.
soft SHOWS were encountered and the
strain began to tell on the dogs. From
that day, until they eventually all died
Or were killed for food for the others.
they gradually weakened, and from No
vember 10 to December Is the party had
to drag half the sledges on for about
tour miles or five miles, as the case
might be, then walk back and pull I'D
again the other half of the sledges. This,
Of course. hindered much progress being
made to the south, as Is miles had to
be done to gain five; but there was the
feeling that every mile of advance was
new ground. that each day new noun
tains. lend never seen before, rose upon
the horizon, and that the hitherto blank.
white southern portion of the world was
being filled in.
On December 10, in latitude so degrees
30 minutes south, depot was made
Ibost II miles from the land, which
Barbour County index. [volume] (Medicine Lodge, Kan.) 1880-current, 1903-09-16
Those Dear Girls.

Miss Parcavenue-At least / have
found an opportunity to use my voice for
the good and the pleasure of my fellow
beings.
Miss Utaplace-Yes. l was just read.
ing that tone had been discovered that
was death to mosquitoes Baltimore
American.