davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Grit-advocate., 1903-01-23
Fertility of Cow Peas.

w. r. Wilkinson: I believe that 81
worth of cow pea seeds, where they
are properly planted and cared for,
will add more fertility to the soil than
a ton Of commercial fertilizer, cost
ing from $40 to S24. Fertilizers con-
tain about 5 per cent of nitrogen, the
most expensive Of the ingredients
which are added to the soil. This
will amount to 100 pounds to the ton.
Now, a crop Of COW peas will add this
much nitrogen, at far less cost, and
besides this we have the humus from
the vines and leaves, which will add
a great deal of vegetable matter to
the soil. 1t has been said that soil
rich in humus, or decayed vegetable
matter. will absorb three times its
weight of water. If this be true, we
should see that our soils have plenty
of humus, and no crop can add this
to the soil better than COW peas.
The Grit-advocate., 1903-01-23
Frizzled Fowls,

FrizzIed fowls are the most gro.
tesque members of the poultry family.
Their name is applied from the pecu.
liar manner in which their feathers
curve upward and backward at the
ends, as if in defiance Of natures
laws. This curving is most conspicu-
Gus in the hacklc and saddle feathers.
AS these birds vary in color, there is
no rule for judging their plumage, ex-
cept that it must have the peculiar
missible. The combs may be either
double or siagle. F'riGZled fowls are
reported to be hardy and very early
and good layers.
The Grit-advocate., 1903-01-23

throw out water sprouts lower down
to shade the trunk and conform more
nearly to the natural habit of the
tree. Continuously pruning off these
water sprouts is largely a waste of
energy, both to the tree and man, and
frequently pruning will be found Ne
cessary to keep them OF. In cut 8
is shown tree pruned very high. The
top branches that remain are properly
cut back. The tree is Just beginning
to throw out large number of water
sprouts lower down on the trunk. Mis-
takes were made by pruning of the
limbs a. b. C. d, and f. This form
OF top is also very undesirable. But
little bearing wood has been left.
Cut 10 shows a tree with top formed
very high. The drawing is made
from a photograph of an Indian peach
tree growing in an orchard on the
north side of the Allegheny Noun
tains in southwest Virginia. The trees
stood very close together on a rich,
moist soil; consequently no water
sprouts were being thrown out lower
down on the trunk. The tree was bear
ing its first crop of fruit, which was
very heavy one. The limbs had to
be propped up to keep them from
splitting and breaking off. Scarcely
any bearing wood for the following
year was being formed. The fruit was
extremely small and of inferior flavor.
Scarcely any fruit could be expected
from the tree the following year. The
ends of the limbs were not headed in,
nor was the fruit thinned. A ladder
was necessary to gather much of the
fruit A heavy storm would have
blown off much of the fruit and al
The Grit-advocate., 1903-01-23
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Hauling and Spreading Manure.


From Farmers Review: Every
good farmer economies time during
the winter months as much as posi-
BILE, in hauling manure to such fields
as most need fertilizing. All. how
ever, do not use the best practical
means In piling or spreading it. The
most serious mistake is in throwing
it In irregular piles, and too far
apart for easy handling. Too many,
also, fail to break up and spread the
heaps early enough in the spring
Except in hilly ground, it is prefer
able to spread as it is hauled out,
especially if it is green manure.
Where manure is hauled at inter
walls in the winter, and upon frozen
ground, the frost will often be held
under the heaps until long after the
land is fit for plowing. Among the
first operations in the spring-and
this will apply especially to those
portions Of the farm and the garden
that are heavily manured-is to break
up the heaps so the soil beneath may
become thawed as soon as the sur.
rounding surface. If the heaps are
small and close together. the neces-
sity of breaking up the heaps Is not
so great, but small heaps, fairly equal
distant from each other, are eXcep-
tions rather than the rule. Precise
work in many things always pays.
When green and strawy manure is
used, to be plowed under. it does not
make SO much difference If it lies
spread some time before being plowed
under. Therefore it may be roughly
spread early in the season and a good
narrowing will distribute it evenly
enough, so 1t may easily be turned
under. But in this long condition it
is not in the best state for light soils,
or those that do not require to be
rendered more open; for all such
soils, it is better that it be thoroughly
disintegrated and decomposed by com
posting, and, in fact, it is better that
all decomposed manures be left in
heaps, so far as possible, until the
land is ready for plowing. The reason
is that there is less washing over,
perhaps away from the soil, rather
than into it, because compost is read
lily soluble. Again, in composing
manure for light soils, a clayey soil
is best as divisor, since it stiffens
and adds stability to all sandy soils.
Our plan has always been to break
up the piles Of manure, with a pick,
early in the spring, so as to admit
air and assist in releasing the frost
beneath the piles. Those who have
experienced the difficulty in properly
Flowing the soil, when the share
strikes sub-stratum of frozen soil,
beneath, will realize the Importance
of taking care of the manure, SO the
plowing may be properly accom-
plished, especially If one waits for
manure and the frozen soil under
meath to thaw out naturally. Rainy
weather may set in, and perhaps pre-.
vent getting in crop, sometimes two
weeks after the proper time of seed
ing. Gardeners, especially, will un-
derstand this. Gardeners also under
stand the value of a manure spreader
where compost is to be applied
Jonathan Periam.
The Grit-advocate., 1903-01-23
Cuba Favors Blooded Stock,

The Cuban government has ex.
pressed itself very favorable to high
class live stock, and has enacted a
tariff law strongly discriminating in
favor OF pure bred animals. Ewes
are to be admitted free, presumably of
any breed. Evidently there is a great
scarcity of sheep Of all kinds. Cows
(suitable for breeding) and calves are
admitted free, as are cows with their
calves. Porto Rican and Argentine
republic bulls are admitted free, asI
are the bulls of the following breeds:
Jersey, Guernsey, Devonshire, Here.
ford and Durham. Yearling cattle will
pay 81 per head; Florida fat male
cattle, So; Honduras male cattle, Sc:
Mexican male cattle, 81; Venezuelan
and Colombian male cattle, s.; lean
cattle will pay 81 per head. No lean
cattle will be slaughtered until at
least three months after their land.
Ing. To this end they will be branded
on entering the islands ports with an
iron or brand indicating the date of
importation and that they are for pas.
eeAe' oeioie any OI tne cattle bear.
ing the brand referred to can be
slaughtered, it must be proven, in the
manner which may be established,
that they have been In pasture for the
period of three months referred to.
The slaughter of female cattle is pro-
hlbited, such as may be useless for
breeding and properly proven to be so
excepted. Stations SO or more inches
high and jackasses 81 or more inches
high may enter free of duty. Mares
suitable for breeding will pay SO and
other mares SIS per head. The ex.
portation Of cattle is prohibited
Barbed wire and staples used in build
ing fences are exempted from the pay.
ment Of tariff duties.
The Grit-advocate., 1903-01-23
Hiqh Flavor In Butter.

Our butter judges have heretofore
laid too much stress on high favors
in fresh butter. AS I have stated.
production of high flavor is merely
a step toward rancidity, and thereby
butter invariably loses its keeping
quality. 1t is my opinion that a good
keeping quality In butter is equally
as important as flavor, If not more
so, and We ought to sacrifice this
quick flavor in a fresh product for
low. clean favored and good keeping
quality. l cannot help but advocate
that cream should be churned with
less acidity, especially when butter is
being manufactured for cold storage.
Butter in good cold storage will
naturally acquire higher flavor in
time. believe we ought to do all
we can to discourage this high
flavor" craze which is SO prevalent
among buttermakers. and induce them
to pay more attention to the keeping
quality. which at present seems to be
the greatest trouble with the average
laymen that consumes strictly dairy
products.-Oscar Elf.
The Grit-advocate., 1903-01-23
Do Apple frees Exhaust the Soil?

Apple trees are not as hard on soils
as many have supposed, If we will
keep the soil in proper physical con
dition. A bulletin issued by Cornell
University shows that In single year
crop of apples will remove, for the
fruit from a single acre, 13 pounds of
nitrogen, l pound of phosporic acid
and 10 pounds Of potash The leaves
on the trees which produce this crop
of fruit will require 10 pounds of nj
trogen. So pounds Of phosphoric acid
and 1874 pounds Of potash. The tree
growth will require 81 pounds of
nitrogen, SO pounds of phosphoric acid
and S.S pounds of potash. This looks
to be severe strain on the soil, yet
believe that, all things considered
apples are about half as hard on soil
as corn, assuming that all CT each crop
is permanently removed from the
soil.-Prof. Clothier.
The Grit-advocate., 1903-01-23
Mice Out of Aprle Seed

With fine needle draw black sew
ing silk through the pointed end of a
good fat apple seed and clip 1t to
about the proper length for ears. Their
with sharp penknife shave a narrow
strip from the under or fiat side of
the seed and turn it out at the other
end for the tell. Now pass the needle
through a white card and through the
seed near the tail, and again through
the card. drawing 1t down snusly. Re
peat the same at the ear end and you
have a very realistic mouse.-Amer.
lean Boy.
The Grit-advocate., 1903-01-23
Blackleg Checked by Vaccine

The work of the Bureau of Animal
Husbandry with reference to conta.
gious diseases of animals which has
been prominent from the time of its
organization, has been continued dur.
ing the past year. This work at pres.
ent includes the control of Texas
fever. blackleg, sheep scab and mala-
die du colt, while scientific inyestipa.
tions are in progress to determine the
nature and best methods of treating
other important diseases, such as TN.
berculosis. hog cholera and antbray
The records show that l,6SS,565 doses
of blackleg vaccine were distributed
during the year, and the reports of its
use reduce the loss of cattle after
using it to 051 per cent of those vac.
cinated. If we should eliminate from
these reports those cattle which were
presumably infected before yaccina.
ton and also those which probably
died because a mistake was made in
the operation, the percentage of loss
would be reduced to O44. These re.
suits indicate that the use of this vac.
cine has saved to the stock raisers
many thousands of head of cattle and
consequently very large sum of
money.
The Grit-advocate., 1903-01-23

Cut n.-Tree Bent Over by Fruit.
most ruined the orchard. This form
of tree is as difficult to cultivate I'M
der, without injury to the tree, as
properly formed low-topped tree.
Cut IL shows tree in the same or.
chard with the top formed extremely
high. The top of the tree was bent
over till it nearly touched the ground
II left alone, the tree is practically
ruined.-tarmers' Review.
The Grit-advocate., 1903-01-23

Cut 8.-Same Tree Shown IN Cut 7, After
Pruning.
er pruning. This tree is now able to
bear at least three bushels of fine
fruit. About half the fruit-bearing
wood has been cut awaJ. 1t pays much
better to produce one large, fine peach
than it does to produce two small, in
ferior ones. This tree will make
ample wood growth for the succeeding
years fruitage. The low top will not
be in the way of cultivation any more
than the one shown in cut 9. The
grass and weeds that grow under
such low headed trees have given but
little trouble. By use of the eXten-
The Grit-advocate., 1903-01-23

Cut 7.-ThreeY Year-Old Tree In Station
Orchard.
kept constantly in mind while prun-
ing, so that the tree would have as
wide spreading top as possible in or
der that large area of leaf surface
might be exposed to the sunshine and
atmosphere, thus enabling the tree to
carry a heavy load Of large and highly
colored fruit
In cut is shown an average three
year-old peach tree of the General
Lee variety as grown in the orchard
of the Texas station. 1t is a general
type of tree found in that peach or
chard, where three consecutive crops
of peaches have been borne with
scarcely limb being broken by an
overload of fruit. A ladder has not
been found necessary in gathering the
fruit from these trees.
In cut is shown the same tree aft
The Grit-advocate., 1903-01-23

Not infrequently the oat crop spf-
fers very greatly from the presence
of smut. 1t will pay any farmer to
give this question thorough inyesti.
cation and to make arrangements this
winter for dipping the seed oats next
spring.
The Grit-advocate., 1903-01-23
Pruning the Peach Tree.

A correct form of top is needed to
Insure fruit bearing and longevity
of the tree. If the opportunity is lost
to obtain this desirable form of top in
the early growth of the tree it is for
ever lost for that tree. Pruning the
cecond and third years is done on the
same principles as for the first year.
During these early stages in the
growth Of the tree the ideal should be
The Grit-advocate., 1903-01-23

sion disc barrow, the trees can be cul-
tivated as closely as necessary. Strong
winds will not have such leverage on
the top of this tree as to bend it over
or shake the fruit off. The trunk of
the tree Is SO we'll shaded by its own
limbs that there is scarcely any liza
bility Of sun scald SO frequently found
in orchards of the Western States.
A man can stand on the ground and
gather every peach from this tree.
The limbs will need no props, nor will
they break or split off. If spraying
should be found necessary it will not
be found difficult to do. OF course, If
stock be allowed to run loose in the
orchard, more damage will be done to
The Grit-advocate., 1903-01-23

The farmer that is looking carefully
after his interests will test enough Of
the seed he is to SOW to be sure that
1t IS good and has proper germiret.rs
power.
The Grit-advocate., 1903-01-23

There are some boys so fond of Jam
that they can train down enough to
crawl through the pantry keyhole.
The Grit-advocate., 1903-01-23

To facilitate the calling up of vehi.
cles telephones are to be erected on
or near all the cab ranks in Berlin.
The Grit-advocate., 1903-01-23

Cut 1o.-Effect Of Fruit on Ends OF Long
Limbs.
these low-headed trees than to high.
headed ones, but it is not advisable to
plant orchards for grazing purposes.
1t should also be remembered that the
trunk Is stronger when the limbs
come out at different places.
Trees that are pruned too high
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1903-07-01
WILLIAMST0WN.

Mrs. J. K, Lynde is able 70 ride out
il. 5. Drury returned from Boston yes
terday.
ROY Ralph Of Boston Is visiting at "a.
Houses.
Mrs Cornelius Lynde and young son
are here from the west.
MI. WiIber superintendent q schools
4 holding an examination for those VINO
wish ID enter ths high school this fail.
The Brookheld POST and Corps are 60
ing to have 4 basket picnic at y. Y. Hood 7
SATURDAY. July A, and invite the Wllllains-
town Post and Corps to meet with them.
The Rebekah lodge will hold a Corn Car
nival al the Town hall Thursday July z
There will be music for dancing or prom
enadine and good time is expected, "A
miesion Is cents.
The 4th oI July picnic planned py tne
q. g. T. has grown into a celebration
There is to be band, athletic sports
base bell game, and over $40 has Deei
contributed for fireworks II promises
be a very enjoyable event.
The Rebekah Lodge will have eor
carnival al the town hall, Thursday ever
mo. Music viii be furnished By House
orchestra for promenade and dancinl
/ Corn will be popped and served not g
mission Is cents.
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1903-07-01
THE 4TH AT BURLINGTON.
4 Grand Military Pageant with Canadian
and q. S. Troops Present,


a Grand Military Pageant with Canadian
and &. S. Troops Present,
The 43rd regiment Duke cf Cornwalis
Rifles. Of Ottawa, Canada, 500 men, under
the command 81 Major 5. Maynard Rogers,
Prince Of Wales honorary colonel, and the
United states Troops at Fort Ethan Al
len. under the command Of Colonel " p.
sehyler. will visit Burlington July Ath.
The Canadian contingent will give the
fancy drills so skillfully executed BY them
al Madison Square Garden during the
great military tournament held there very
RECENTLY. These to be followed by grand
parade under the escort Of the soldiers q
Fort Ethan Allen. headed BY the sherman
Military band. Other bands will bein at
tendance and the line viii be augmented
bv numerous civic societies IN full uni
form Fireworks, special rates ana 9
warm welcome.
10 enable all TO attend, the Central n er
mont Railway co. will sellround trip tlck
cts at the following greatly reduced rates
Barre. 8 As Montpelier, Sl.23; Middle
sex. si10; Waterbury, Sl.0Oi North DnA
bury, Sl.00.
Trains viii leave as follows Leay
Barre at 8 q. M, Montpelier SO, Middle
sex $40, Waterbury $50 ketufnlnl
leave Burlington at $40 p. ~. ior barl
and intermediate points Tickets good =
90 on all regular or special trains July
good returning until July 9th.
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1903-07-01
WASPROSPER0US FARMER
Deed Was Probably Committed Last
Evening Body Found
Early Today.


Chelsea. July THE lifeless body Of
william IL Titus. one Of the best known
citizens Of Chelsea. was found short dis
tance from his farm house early TINS
morning. A razor and gaping wound ~
his neck told the story Of the cause q 1ne
death. He had been missed since yester-
day Afternoon.
At that time he went out with young
boy to hoe a patch Of potatoes. The two
had been working for some time, each go
ING in different directions, when the boy
missed his employer. The boy looked
about for some time but not finding Mr..
Titus went to the house, where he was al
"a unsuccessful IN finding him. Then the
family became concerned over the disap-
pearance and an alarm was started. WITH
the aid of ueighbors they searched until
late ia the evening, but no trace Of the
missing man could be found.
Again this morning the search was re-
newed, nearly twenty-five people from the
village Joining the family In their efforts.
/ Lewis Densmore,a a young man OF II years,
/ found MIR. Titus body in pasture not
very far from the house. The body was
cold. showing that the man had killed
1 himself some time before, probably soon
i after he was missed. a razor, which was
found near BIZ, was the instrument with
which he committed the act. The place
where the body was found was within A
rods of the buildings.
The reason for the act is supposed e
| have been temporary insanity brought On
bv brooding Mr.. Titus has been despon
dent for month past over various mat
ters. and it is said he worried over IN
backward condition Of crops.
The deceased was one Of the most pros
narous farmers Of Chelsea, owning q larg
! farm almost within the village limits II
/ was Quiet and industrious, and was ger
z orally liked.
j Mr. Titus was IS years Of age and
} survived BY wife and three chlidfen, q
Il sides two brothers Frank Who resides
+ chelsea. and Edward, who resides
: Athol, Mass, and sister Mrs. oily'
MetcalF. Of this place. The funeral 4
raneements are not yet completed.
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1903-07-01
PECULIAR ACCIDENT
TO A QUARRYMAN
Johr Raycroft Of Whsaton's Quarry
MAY Lose His Life Hit BY
Iron Bar.

John Raycroft. quarryman working
on the Wheaton quarries, met With an &C.
cldent this forenoon that nearly cost him
his life.
While at work about 10 O'Clock remoN-
inc The powder in a drill hole that failed
to fire. the charge suddenly exploded Inc
explosion did not hurt Mr. Raycroft but
he seven-fo drill which was being used
to remove the charge, was blown into the
air and in descending il struck him n the
hack az the neck. nearly killing him. u
". Hooker's ambulance was called ana
the man taken to his home on Trow hLli,
where Dfs. Chandler. Lazelle and stick
ney are attending him.
Mr.. Raycroft is about 40 years old ano
has wife and three children.
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1903-07-01
NE. Telephone Co. Will
Remove Wires
FROM PART OF MAIN ST.
Work VIII bs Done Before the First
Of August win Improve
Street Appearance.

supt. j. K. Butler Of the New Eng
land Telephone company IN YER
mont with one Of the company
directors from Boston, was In the city to-
day to look into the matter Of putting the
telephone wires underground. II was de-
cided to put all telephone wires on Main
street between Prospect and Seminary
streets underground before August lst.
This action Of the Telephone company
will do much to improve the appearance ct
Main street, as it viii remove quite num-
Der of poles and great many wires be-
tween the city hall and Seminary street
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1903-07-01
RIGID ECONOMY
win be Exercised BY Montpelier City
Council This Year.

VIII be Exercised by Montpelier City
Council This Year.
Montpelier, June 30.-The Montpelier
finance committee has hard proposition
this year to equalize the income and ex-
penditures OF the city and at the same time
devote the money necessary for carrying
on the work Of the various departments
II win be absolutely impossible, the CONS
mittee says, to permit the expenditure Of
money for anything but really necessary
ila9rovements, Visions Of new sidewalks
and street improvements that the council
had entertained earlier in the year have
vanished into thin air and the problem
now is ene Of rigid economy The situa-
tioD nevertheless is hopeful one in g was
for If the present year can be Weatherec
without calamties to bring extraordinary
expenditures the next year will begin viii
the city's finances in splendid shape,
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1903-07-01
EXPLOSION OF FIRE DAMP
All Means Of Escape For Miners Cut
Off and Bodies Horribly
Mangled.

Hanna, Wyo.. June 30--PFobabiy the
worst disaster In the history Of Wyoming
occurred here today when terrific explo-
sion Of ire damp in Union Pacific mine
No. shut off the means Of escape Of 254
men. who we're working In the pit.
The mine was not fired but the explo..
sion was terrific and completely shattered
the tlmbers Of the main shaft and numer-
Gus entrances filling the working with de-
bris and those Of the miners that were
not killed outright by the explosion were
buried alive.
Twenty.eight bodies Of those working
near the mouth Of the mine have been
brought out, all Of them horribly mangled
and some still showing slight evidences of
life.
The Union Pacific Railroad company
owns the mines and has a large force
working to reach the Imprisoned men
The flames seem to be abating and there
is hope Q' gettiug most Of the bodies out
81 mornfAg SO intense is the excitement
that no one seems to say how the disaster
occurred The supposition is that a care
less miner allowed his lamp to come u
contact with ire damp.