The Montgomery advertiser., 1903-12-08

became necessary or send representative there to adj st
 matters along above lines to the satisfac- tion of the people there"
 | This dispatch is noteworthy from two
 standpoints. Its offer of immediately
 guaranteeing the treaty to us is in sharp
 contrast with the positive and contemptu-
 ous refusal of the Congress which has
 just closed it's sessions to consider favor ably such a treaty; 1t shows that the gov ernment which made the treaty really had absolute control over the situation,
 but did not choose to .exerc SC this con restore order and secure Colombian su-
 premacy in the isthmus from which the
 Colombian government has just by its ac- construction of the canal.
 Importance to United States of Con trol of Means of Undisturbed
 Transit Across Isthmus.
 The control. in the interest of the com merce and trafflc of the whole civilized
 world, of the means of und 'sturbed tram
 sit across the Isthmus or Panama has be- come of transcendent importance to the United States. We have repeatedly exer-
 cised this control by intervening in the
 tecting the territory from foreign invas- ion. In 1853 Mir. Everett assured the Pe- ruvian minister that we shou d not hesi- tate to maintain the neutrality of the isth- Colombia. In 1864 Colombia, which has
 always been vigilant to avail itself of its
 privileges conferred by the treaty, ex-
 pressed its expectation that in the event
 of war between Peru and Spain the Uni ted States would carry into effect the guaranty of neutrality. There have been
 ment in which this treaty has not. either | by the one side or the other been used
 as basis of more or less important de-
 mands. It was said by MT. Fish in 1871 | that the Department of State had reas1n | to believe that an attack upon Colombian
 sovereignty on the isthmus had. on sev- eral occasions been averted by warning
 from this government. In 1886, when Co., | lombia was under the menace of hostili- ties from Italy in the Cerruti case. MT. | Bayard expressed the serious concern that the United States could not but feel that against a sister republic of this hemis- phere. as to the sovereign and uninter- rupted use of part of whose territory
 we are guarantors under the solemn faith
 The above recital of facts establishes beyond question:: First. that the United tientiy and in good faith carried out its obligations under the treaty of 1S46: sec ond that when for the first time 1t be- came possible for Colombia. to do any thing in requital of the services thus re- peatedly rendered to 1t for ffty-seven years by the United States. the Colombian | government peremptorily and extensively refused thus to do its part even though
 to do so would have been to its advan- | tage and immeasurably to the advantage | of the State of Panama. at that time un- | der it's jurisdiction; third. that throughout | this period revolutions, riots and factional l disturbances of every kind have occurred
 one after the other in almost uninterrupt-
 ed succession. some of them lasting for
 months and even for years. while the cen-
 tral government was unable to put them
 down or to make peace with the rebels: fourth, that these disturbances instead of | showing any sign of abating have tended
 to grow more numerous and more seri ous | in the immediate past: fifth. that the con | trol of Colombia over the Isthmus of Pan-
 anna could not be maintained without the
 armed intervention and assistance of the | United States. In other words, the gov ernment of Colombia though wholly un- able to maintain order on the fsthmus,
 has nevertheless declined to ratify a
 treaty the conclusion of which opened the only chance to secure Its own stability and to guarantee permanent peace oI,
 and the construction of canal across. the isthmus
 Under such circumstances the govern ment of the United States would have
 been guilty of fo'ly and weakness.
 the nation, had 1t acted otherwise than 1t did when the revolution of November 3 last took place in Panama. This great nal can not be held up to gr tlfy the whims. or out of respect to the govern mental impotence. or to the even more sinister and evil political peculiarIties, of people who though they dwell afar of, | yet, against the wish of the actual dwell- CTS on the isthmus. assert an unreal su- premacy over the territory. The posses- sion of a territory fraught with such pe- cular capacities as the isttHmus in Ques- tion carries with it obligations to man kind. The course of events has shown l that this canal can not be built by private enterprise, or by any other nation than our own; therefore 1t must be built by the United States.
 Submission of Treaty With New Re- public of Panama.
 l Every effort has been maSe by the gov ernment of the United States to persu' de l Colombia to follow course which W essentially not only to our interests and to the interests of the world but to the interests of Colombia itself These efforts
 nave failed; and Colombia. by her persis- | tence in repulsing the advances that have been made has forced us for the sake of our own honor. and of the interest and but of the people of the Isthmus of Pan- ] anna and the people of the civi iZed coun- to bring to an end a condition of affairs which had become into 'erable. The rew republic of Panama immediately offered to negotiate a treaty with us This treaty herewith submit. By 1t our interests are better safeguarded than in the treaty with | Colombia which was ratified by the Sem ate at its last session. It is better in itA terms than the treaties offered to by the republics of Nicara qua and Costa Rica. At last the right to begin this great undertaking is made available. Panama | mas OOne ner part. All that remains IS TOT the American Congress to do it's part and forthwith this republic will enter upon the execution of a project colossal in its size Y and of well nigh incalculable possibilities for the good oT this country and the na. tions of mankind
 Provisions of Treaty.
 By the provisions of the treaty the Uni- ted States guarantees and will maintain the independence of the republic of Pan- anna. There Is granted to the United States in perpetuity the use. occupation, ! and control of a strip ten miles wide and extending three nautical miles in the sea at either terminal. with all lands lying outside of the zone ne ,essary for the con- | struction of the canal or for it's auxiliary works, and with the islands in the Bay of Panama. The cities of Panama and Co., | lon are not embraced in the canal zone, but the United States assumes their sani- tation and, in case of need. the mainte. nance of order therein; the United States enjoys within the granted limits all the rights, power and authority which it would possess were it the sovereign of the territory to the exclusion of the eX- | ercise of sovereign rights by the republic. All railway and canal property rights be- longing to Panama and needed for the canal pass to the United States, including in the cities of Panama and ColJn; the works property, and personnel of the ca nal and railways are exempted from tax alton as we'll in the cities of Panama and Colon as in the canal zone and its de- pendencies Free immigration of the per sonnel and importation of supplies for the construction and operation of the ca nal are granted. Provision Is made for the use of military force and the bull ling of Notifications by the United States for the protection of the transit. In other details. particularly as to the acquisition l Al.- ATrYuy TDr...