davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington times., 1903-09-06
NEW AND STRANGE FACTS
CONCERNING THE EARTH

itself in England. This actually hap,
pened in the case OF the disaster O
north Japan four or five years ago. wher
80 900 people lost their lives. A tremoI
OF this kind could not pass unless the
earth had a rigidity approaching thai
OF steel. and observations of tides. and
the attractions exercised upon Us By
sun and moon, have made it pretty Ger.
tain that our world is just about as hare
and solid as so much steel
This does away with the liquid in
terror theory. and makes it fairly GER
tain that the earth Is solid all through
with perhaps occasional Accommodations
OF fluid rock here and there in parts
where, for some reason or other. the
pressure is not as great as IL Is il
others.
1t also upsets the old theory OF vol
canoes, and the modern idea with regarc
TO these mountains OF death and de-
struction is that water from the sur
face finds its way through cracks dowr
into the heated rock masses a few milei
below the surface, and these. being sud.
denly turned into steam, cause an ex-
plosion, or series OF explosions. like
boiler burstings on gigantic scale.
Every schoolboy knows that the shape
Of the earth is an oblate spheroid-thai
is 10 say, that It is fiattened q little
like an orange at the two poles. The
polar diameter of the earth is actually
twenty-seyen miles less than its diam.
eter at the equator. But il is as yet not
absolutely ascertained whether the fat.
tening is similar at both poles. Some
Arctic explorers appear to be of the
opinion that the fattening is greater
at the North than at the South Pole.
Another rather startling fact which
has recently been demonstrated is that
the equator is not a perfect circle. l.
you could drop a pIumb-line from Ire
land through TO New Zealand. IL woule
be somewhat longer than another which
cut the earth at right angles TO it
The difference has not yet been ascer-
tained with absolute accuracy.
We are accustomed 70 talk OF sea-
level as an invariable quantity. II is
positively startling to find how very Gar
from level the sea is. Not. or course,
merely from the passing influence OF
tides and winds. but there are great and
permanent elevations in the sea-posi-
tive mountains. in fact.
II is calculated that in the Bay OF
Bengal the water lies at a level exceed
ing that Of the Indian ocean by fully
300 feet. and that of the Pacific Oceau
along the coast of South America mas
be heaped up as much as 1000 fee:
higher than the water in the Opposite
Atlantic. These water mountains DO
pend upon the attraction OF great noun.
tain masses. the Bay of Bengal upon
the Himalayas. and the South Pacific
upon the American Andes
The Washington times., 1903-09-06
WHAT WASHINGTON OWES
TO THE LOTTERY WHEEL

IT was not until 1896 that the tenn
| pest-tossed Congress OF the thir-
teen colonies saw the first evidence
OF the Capital City that excited the
mirth Of the wits aud the forebodings Of
the sober-minded. The circumference
of the great city. as 1t now spreads out
from the great dome, is largely con-
tracted from the imposing plans laid
out by Major L'Enfant. the French en-
gineer. Where the Patent Office stands
today the poetic Frenchman. inspired by
the recent events in Paris. had marked
the site for a national tabernacle In
this building national events were 10 be
commemorated with appropriate relig-
ious ceremony, the funeral services of
departed heroes were to be held and
the archives Of the nation kept. In short,
it was to have been sort of pantheon
to the glories OF the Republic.
L'Enfant's hopes and plans were
dashed by the opposition of jobbers and
schemers, and he finally surrendered his
position in disgust, leaving to Andrew
EIlicott the task of finishing the work
which he had begun
In 1872 $500 in gold was offered TO
the citizen who should send in an ac-
ceptable design for the Presidents
house. Five hundred dollars and a lot
in the center OF the city were offered
TO the citizen who should submit the
best plan for the Capitol Despite these
liberal offers the city government was
The Washington times., 1903-09-06

tendance at the meetings and have as
sisted Mr.. Shoemaker are John Saul,
G. c. Lancaster, Judge Donald Nc
Pherson, Hugh Hartin, F. d. Shoemaker,
Theodore Felter. Col. F. c. Moreland.
Jacob Xander. T. T. Hurdle, Edmund
Landvoight, Alexandria Guinsburgh.
Aug. Burgdorf. Horace Jones, Benjamin
Holman, George Fields, Robert Allen.
and Col. William Moreland.
Men Invited TO Speak.
Among the speakers who have been
invited and who have appeared before
the association within the past year or
two are Representatives Mercer and
Pearre, John Joy Edison. S. W. Wood
ward. B. H. Warner. Judge c. S. Bundy,
Judge Ashley Gould, Judge Hutchinson.
of the Department of Justice, and Emil
Smith. ex-mayor of CINCINNATI: former
Commissioner John B. Wight. Com
missioner II. l.. West. Commissioner H.
B. F. Macfarland, DR.. H l. E. Johnson,
Jesse B. Wilson, DR.. J. P. Miller. Col.
L. NJ. Saunders, Major Richard Sylvester,
Capt ]. s. Miller. Judge Donald Nc
Pherson. Lieut.. John B. Kenney, Prof. B.
T. Janney, Thomas w. Smith. president
The Washington times., 1903-09-06

TINE earth has been regarded as
spinning steadily round certain
fixed axis, so that the poles re-
mained in exactly the same spots. Quite
recently has come the discovery that
the north pole executes a sort OF COM
pIicated waltz, always moving. but never
straying more than thirty feet from its
mean position.
It is Prof H II. Turner. F. r. S,
who suggests the alternating accumula-
tions of snow and ice as the possible
cause OF this phenomenon. and IL is said
the British Royal Astronomical Society
is about to establish a number OF sta
tions in high latitudes with the object
OF testing this phenomenon of the waltz
ing poles.
Hardly any two scientists agree as TO
the age OF the earth-that is, as to the
length of time which has elapsed since
the earth's crust became solid. Consider
ing the very slow rate at which rocks
are deposited by water, and the i'm
mense thickness OF the beds OF these
"stratified" rocks, as they are called-it
seems that at least 1000. 900. 600 years
have passed since the globe evolved in
its present shape out of the whirling
must once have been.
But Lord Kelvin. arguing from the
known rate of loss Of heat, declares that
not more than 100. goo 900 years is the
limit of time which has passed by since
firm rocks appeared and life began upon
the earth. More recently. Prof. TAFT has
shown reason 20 believe that tenth of
Lord Kelvin's estimate may be nearer
the truth. All geologists. however. de-
clare that the latter estimate is too low.
We know with the utmost exactitude
how heavy our little world is. If you
put down the figure 6, and follow il by
twenty-one noughts. you have II within
a very few million tons. Roughly
speaking, this implies that the earth is
FIVE and a half times as heavy as a globe
of water of the same size.
But. in spite of this accurate knowl-
edge of the earth's weight, we have no
real idea of what is the condition of
things inside our planet. Thousands of
experiments made in all parts of the
world show that the temperature rises
OH an average about / degree for every
60 feet below the surface. II this rate
of increase continues regularly toward
the center. that part OF the globe must
be at heat so appalling that ina gina
tion is unable TO grasp it.
When this fact OF increase OF tenn
perature with depth first became ascer-
tanned, geologists got the idea that We
were living upon a thin crust of firm
rock which coated Il furious furnace. OF
which volcanoes were the escape pipes.
Now we know better than that. We
have found. among other things. that an
earthquake in Japan is likely TO register
The Washington times., 1903-09-06
e PIONEER CITIZENS ASSOCIATION OF THE DISTRICT y
SpTang Into Existence THIRTY
One Years Ago, and Has
Proved a Mighty Power fol
Good-Something About
thePTesent Membership and
Officers of the Association

Board OF Trade. these and otbs,,
nave addressed the association on Iiv.
TOPICS and their talks have been
source OF great benefit to the nemhar.
Mr.. Shoemaker is firm believe. =,
the power and efficacy OF the "Fo,,r,h
Estate. He believes the press is ths
best friend of the Citizens Association
and the life of the reporter sent bv this
paper 20 report the proceedings OF .bs
Brightwood association has been q
pleasant one. Through Mr.. Shoeraker'.
direction all resolutions passed and ALI
reports submitted have been typewritier
and manifold copies made for the p,,
of the press. BY this means publicitv
has been attained In large measure
and the affairs Of the association hsye
been exploited to a degree greater than
that Of any kindred organization.
Among the things which the Bright
wood Citizens Association will take M
for the new year will be the continuec
improvement OF Rock Greek Park. ia
roads. bridges. wakes. and bridlepaths
the establishment OF a museum in ths
Joshua Peirce residence; the estab
lishment OF golf, croquet, and bal
grounds in the Crystal Spring" tracl
IN the park. and the extension OF tina
electric car line on Seventeenth Street
which Will take people directly to th,
park, and the lighting thereof with elsc.
tricity; the further Improvement o,
Brightwood Avenue; the advocacy Of
sufficient appropriation to grade ans
regulate Sixteenth Street, and the ac.
quisition Of land for the extension o
Thirteenth and Fourteenth Streets. ans
the extension OF the Fourteenth Stree
car line from Mount Pleasant to III.
tion for county roads; the establish.
ment OF trunk sewers and water MAIN
into the Brightwood section.
The Citizens Association IS a power
in the government OF the District o,
Columbia In a measure II takss the
place OF popular suffrage Its nearest
prototype in American history was the
famous Correspondence Society formed
in the colonies before the Revolution. &c
give voice TO public sentiment when the
people had no redress in parliament
and no recognition from the BRITISH
governors. Possibly the Citizens Asso-
citation will not lead as directly to rev.
olution as the Correspondence Society
did, but it serves an important end ir
bringing public opinion to bear upor
the District Commissioners and the com.
mittees in Congress. 1t not only inhu-
ences but makes legislation, and the
bodies named have come 10 look TO these
associations for the initiative OF legis-
lation for the District OF Columbia.
The Washington times., 1903-09-06

actually in straits and a national lot
terry was organized. for which $4,000
tickets were sold. and in which 16.730
were TO draw prizes. The first prize
was a hotel. which was to cost $50. .OCO.
The price OF each ticket was 81, and the
prizes ranged from $40 up to the hotel
Some OF the money realized was used in
building up the city.
The student of morals and manners
need not be surprised at the employ
ment of the lottery in the beginnings of
the Capital City. Any number of
schools. colleges. universities, and other
institutions have been erected by this
means Even Harvard University is in
debted to the wheel for what she is to-
dav
The Washington times., 1903-09-06
r1AN AND WOMAN.

MAN.
ont of deep and endless universe
There came a great Mystery. a Shape.
A Something Sad. inscrutable. angus
One to confront the words and question
Edwin Markham.
WOMAN.
And from rib of this great Mystery
There came a greater, a more shapely
Shape,
A Something tantalizing, winsome, coy,
That solves him; yea. and leads him by
the nose. old Hunks.
Chicago Tribune.
The Washington times., 1903-09-06

and appliances, provided from time to
time. are the visible results of the work
Wilton j. Lambert. vice president Of
the association, has given invaluable
service to the body. He is chairman of
the judiciary committee and attorney
for the association. He has given much
time to the interests of the association.
and has ably seconded the efforts of Mr.
Shoemaker in the preparation of papers.
reports. and petitions used from time to
The Washington times., 1903-09-06

time to place matters before the District
Commissioners and the committees In
Congress.
Aaron z. Mclaughlin, also a lawyer,
has been for two years chairman of the
committee on appropriations. He has
been called upon to place the estimates
and petitions for improvement before
Congress in the District committees. and
has done good service in that capacity.
Among others who have been in at
New-York tribune., 1903-02-15
THE RACES AT iNGLEsiDE.

San Francisco. Feb I4-YeIlow Tail won the
Palace Hotel Stakes at Ingleside to-day. but was
DISQUALIFIED the first and second money going to
the Morris pair-CIold Van and Cunard- HelIo"
Tail who was 10 to chance. took the lead and
was never headed. Near the paddock he swerVed
to the outside and interfered with Cunard, ne IN
turn carrying Gold Van wide. Yellow TAN won oy
three-auarters of a length. c. Kelly, who rode
Gold Van, claimed foul, and after a Or1eI us
cussion the judges decided 10 allow IL Oncer a
rule recently adopted Yellow Tail was placed third
The event had q value of $2,5O, was at mile
and an eighth and field of nine went 20 the post
with Nones favOrite and the Morris stable strongly
played second choices. Nones was unable 10 get
near the leaders any stage Of the game Inc
summaries:
flN-tksrson1 10 to won; Bell Reed. % (W. Naldcl'
le 10 l. second: Hipponax. 121 tBurns1. 70 S ITI
Tine. 112 Pupil Lone FisherIan G i; and
Jennie Hughes also - - o,6.. ,h-ss and
Second tpurse; maiden swo-yss |tS 1SbyS, 10
won: Bombadier, 1Oe (Burnsl. 70 l. SeTgnu 0saSi
Mineral 112 (Bullmanl 3s 70 fa,za Kaestsr also
Rox Elder Emil Young Pepper and george OeseT aiS
Third race selling; nle-Nisre,e; 30 'nnapp': <d
a1InIae i07 tKeiIyl 10 TO l. thrd Time li2 James r
Dunbane Grail Action and Cla1sus aso ran n ,d one
Fourth palace Hotel EaiItIP' El,11 q - Won.
eighth ruilesl-CoId Van 81 &C. heiiyl 20 ~ 3s
Cunard I22 (Bullman) to second 9e'" snr al1 n'
Va S6ISS t3cu Watercure Lord Badge and Claude
also ran. Yellow Tail finished nrs' anu vas Sc ~
n ff,b I selling six friongsoIgandie 50 eed,
10 8 won. Rag Tag. los e. ts,-s Tins la.
SansteIiatnr Warte Ncht The Pride and Golden LAsht
sjxts race selling one and quarter , I
q ~ second Crpyfeld 100 0enkinsl 70 -91nrs Slru
Time a:i0 colonel Baantyne Administer anu iNONA
New-York tribune., 1903-02-15

Dwight F. Davis. Of ST. Louis. and Malcolm D.
Whitman. of this city
rules suggested by the English Association. Bot"
Wrenn and Palmer E. Preshrey both came to the
support of the proposed changes. however, ana
they all put through as submitted from
abroad. Wrenn pointed out in forceful manner
that the Britons had more than met the AMER
half way. and that the new rules were Tor
the benefit of the game
The revision adopted was to read as follows:
proposed change in Law .. which relates to the
service, to read: The server shall serve
with both feet behind. further from the net
imaginary continuation OF the centre service ana
the side lines. II is not fault If only OF the
servers feet does not touch the groend al the III
ment at which the service is delivered he snail
place both feet upon the ground Immediately before
serving. and shall not take a running nor a walk
ing start He shall deliver the service from the
right and left courts alternately. beginning from
the right In each of his service games even though
odds be given or owed.
a proposed change in LIw "a which relates 10
changing sides. to read: The players snail
change sides the end of the first third and every
END Of each set. unless the number Of games IN
such set be ever II shall. however. be open 10
the players by mutual consent and notification TO
the umpire before the opening of the second game
Of the match to change sides instead at the end
of every set until the odd and concluding set. in
which they shall change sides at the end of the
first third and every subsequent alternate game OF
such set.
Beals c. Wright as chairman Of the committee
had been assisted by William A. Larned. Raymond
D Little and kreigh Collins They found the pres
ert rule Whieh makes 2 let BAH a Ialr stTohe. -
be just one. and advised against any change belS
made. This more especially the case, as the
English had decided TO allow their rule TO remain
the same.
The schedule of tournament and championship
dates Will be prepared the March meeting
There was communication relative to challenge
from the Eaghshrnen, but II was generaiIy SUI
posed that the Britons would challenge. and thaf
New-York would be the scene of the contests
New-York tribune., 1903-02-15
POSTAL OFFICIAL ACCUSED.
Said to Have Written Letter to E. ]. Arnold
Co. Used by Them in Advertisement.

ST. Louis Feb. 14-Both the legislative COM
mittee and the grand jury were busy investsa'-
ing the turf investment companies to-day
Neither E. j. Arnold nor his manager, L. A
GILL; has been found by the Sheriff For EVIL
dence in respect to the methods Of the Arnold
company. the grand jury is depending on the
books and papers Of the concern. and the testi-
mony of some Of its employees From the cor
respondence and literature OF the firm II devei-
ops that Postofiee Inspector Dice, recommended
a fraud order against the concern. but instead
of the order being issued, il is said, Arnold &
Co. received a letter from an influential postal
official which they used as an advertisement
The writing of this letter and the reasons for
overruing the recommendation Of Inspector
Dice viii be made the subject Of sweeping IN
vestigation.
Arnold & Co. employed lawyers IN severai
cities TO look after their business and watch Tor
such developments. Letters are said TO have
been found from at least one member of the
Missouri Legislature regarding the interests OF
the company at Jefferson City.
After a session lasting until late TINS AFTER
noon the grand jury adjourned to Monday IL
is reported that six true bills were returned, put
none OF these have been made public
Among those before the legislative committee
were attorneys representing the John j. Ryan
Cooperative Investment Company, the Cleage
Commission Company, the Rialto Grain com
pany and the International investment Cohl-
New-York tribune., 1903-02-15
9. a. A. INDOOR TRACK GAMES.

Boston. Feb IA big crowd saw the annual
Boston Athletic Association indoor track games at
Mechanics Hall tonight The entry list included
many prominent athletes OF Eastern colleges The
summary
Forty-yzrd novice sscratch|-Won by J. " Williams.
5r Massachusetts Of Technology; = z Lang,
81 l. T. second; E. A Hodgkinsnn, Boston College
third Time. o-o4
Forty-yard Invitation tscratch)-Won by ". J. Hol-
land lSeorsetown; F. L. Thompson amherst. second;
Malcolm Williams 2. A A. and Harvard third Time
Team races. 1850 yzrds-Cambridse Y. N c. A, de-
sssreS Rosron Il c a Time 3-22Ss Andover
Academy defeated Phillips Exeter Academy Time.
alex MASSACHUSETTS Institute OF Technology from
Eou7doin on 3 foul, due Bowdoin knocking down
opponent.
W Williams ir NJ l. r. J. W. CroHeil NJ ! T. gee
one: " P. Eennebe-ry. Harvard a a, third. Time.
osO4A
Clne-thousand yard run-won BY J. H Stone Harvard;
" Newell Williams College. second; T p. Sheehan,
south Boston High School. third Time. 22s
Putting pouhl shot-Won BY z ?: Sheldon y Z
q distance 43 II c. II. Robinson. Harvard.
second distance a. II II in; H = Lindsay Dartmouth.
third distance AZ n. ]
New-York tribune., 1903-02-15
TRACK ATHLETICS.
Schedule of Cornell Team for the Season

TRY TELEGRAPH TRIBUNEI
Ithaca y Y Feb E-IL announced to-day
by " B. thinner manager Of the Cornell track
team that dual track meet between Princeton
and Cornell will be he'd this year In spite OF ru-
rnors TO the contrary II viii be held IN Albany on
Nav 2s Thi.s viii lie week before the inter
collegfte meet in New-York. in which the Cornell
team will contest this spring with Pennsylvania
and Syracuse. An indoor meet will be held TINS
winter with Michigan. Western Reserve ana Syra-
cuse and a number or relay races will also take
place before the cpring season opens
The complete schedule rs as follows February
"A mile relay race with Princeton at Boston; FEB
ruary 81 triangular indoor meet with Syracuse and
the 18th Regiment. y. G. y. Y at Buffalo; March
: relay races with Georgetown and Pennsylvania
and Wisconsin. at Washington; March IA. two-mile
relay race with Harvard, Yale and Pennsy lvania.
AT New-York March u; indoor meet with Western
Reserve at Cleveland; March %. indoor meet with
Michigan at Ann Arbor: May 2 dual meet with
SvracIsse at Syracuse May 3, annual spring meet
al ithaca Nav ls. duel meet with pennsylvania,
al Ithaca Nav -. dual meet with Princeton at
Albany May g and 3d. intercollegiate meet at New
York.
Tbe Cornell team which viii meet Princeton on
SATURDAY. in a mile relay at Boston, viii consist
Of CaDtsin Warren. '03: Rogers. 03; Golup, % and
Mccarthy %. and other entries viii be Schutt.
-05 in the two-n;le run, and SerViss, 0o IN the
~lrnD.
New-York tribune., 1903-02-15
AGED BANK OFFICIAL INJURED.
His Carriage in Collision with an Automo-
bile-He Is Thrown Out.

While driving near the Casino path in Centrai
Park yesterday afternoon in runabout Michael
Duff the aged vice-president of the Harlem
Savings Bank thrown from his carriage
and slightly injured the result of a collision
with automobile. Mr.. Duff is eighty years
old, and lives at No. 127 West One-hundred-
and-Twenty-thir He enjoys good health
He was driving north in the Park yesterday
afternoon When near the Casino path he got
in the midst Of a number of vehicles, among
them automobile. driven by who said he
was ]. c. Shields of No. $40 West Forty-seventh-
ST. In some manner the automobile struck the
carriage, and Mr.. Duff was thrown to the
ground The Park ambulance was summoned.
and DR.. Goldsmith dressed a badly bruised nose
and several contusions of the body. Mr.. Duff
would not go to hospital, and was driven
TO his home. No complaint was made against
al
New-York tribune., 1903-02-15
LAWN TENNIS.
National Association Changes Rules to Con-
form with English Customs.

Changes in the American lawn tennis rules 10
conform with those suggested by the Enghsh
Lawn Tennis Association formed the principal ousi-
ness last night OF the twenty-second annual meet
irg Of the United States National Lawn Tennis
Association The meeting was held in the banquet
room of the Waidorf-Astoria- and the majority OF
the clubs in the association were represented py
delegates The changes related 10 the service
known as he footfault rule the changing sioes
rule and that indicating whether or not the lalire
70 hit the ball IN serving should constitute fau'
The new wording Of the rules suggested and
adopted by the Britons accepted by the
Americans The subject Of making several I'M
portant changes n the government Of iaterna-
tionaI matches was referred 10 committee to
report al the meeting 10 be held in March Before
the regular meeting the executive committee held
q private session and dinner.
Robert . Wrenn presided al the regular meeting.
From the reports il was shown that the American
Association was in fine condition. consisting OF
sixty-two clubs and eleven associations. Several
new clubs were admitted to membership among
them being the Aresley Club Ardsley-on-H Hudson;
Meadow Club Southampton. Long Island West
chester Country Club snd the New-England Inter
collegiate Lawn Tennis Association Of eleven col
leges. a special feature OF the coming will
be the fostering Of the sport in schools and col
leges
On the voting for officers the ole set were re-
elected They are DR. James Dwight Of Boston
president. Richard Stevens. Of Hoboken. ~. J.,
treasurer. and Palmer Z PTesbrey. Boston.
refarF The new executive committee elected
follows hreish Collins. Of Chicago William J.
C'iothler. of PhiSs6elphia William J. Earned Of
summit X J.. symond d. Little. of this city,
Or. l. W Giazehrook. Of Washington. D. ca