davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1903-05-28
MEMORIAL DAY.
Program That is to be Followed SAT
urday.

May 80 is Memorial Day and in Car
son it viii be observed ia tie simple
manner which las prevailed here dur
ing the last few years. The services
will, as heretofore, be conducted under
the auspices of Custer Pest, but the
"old boys are ugN TOO few ii number
and mer tn 40 much enieeDled
by advancing years to put forth efforts
which formerly made the ceremonies
so attractive and impressive. Howev
er, the Day" has ceased to belong
exclusively to tho Grand Army, for the
custom Of besre".ns the graves Of the
dead with flowers on the 30th day of
May has become almost universal
throughout the country. 1t is beau
tiful custom, one inspired by beautiful
thoughts 1t should be preserved
through the ages, for it is manifesto
ton of the noblest sentiments and
emotions that the God Of Nature has
planted in the human breast. Custer
Post cordially invites the cooperation
of all patriotic citizens in the Cbserv-
ance of the day.
The column will form as usual on
Carson street, the right resting on
Musser, at 10 O'Clock a. m. The order
of parade will then be arranged by the
Post Commando who will assign ap-
propriate places to all desiring to par
ticipate The line of march will be
north along Carson street, and then
direct to Lone Mountain Cemetery
The exercises will take place in tbs
Grand Army grounds, and the program
will be as follows
of Orders, Post Adjutant; }. #vbg"r
Music, Nevada State Band: readine
Post Commander: music, choir:
l. prayer, Chaplain; music, band; poem
Miss Esther Johns; Lincolns Gettys
burg Address, Henry Howard; music
choir; address, Post Commander; deco
ration CT monument, Officer of tho
Day; Fraternity, Charity, and Loyalty
Chaplain: salute to the dead. readins
Roll of Honor, Adjutant: memoria
service to unknown dead, Custer Corp
No. 10, w r. c.; national hymn
The character Of the day is suc'
as to suggest the propriety OF flag
being displayed at half mast from sun
rise to sunset On all public and priyar
buildings
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1903-05-28
Dexter Temporarily Ce.uG-d.

The largest volume OF water the DeH
ter has ever had to contend with wa
encountered il the NORTH drift On the
3oofoot level last night at about 10
o'clock ana operations at tho mill and
cyanide plant had to be temporarily
suspended, as the electric juice nee
essary to run the two pumps at the
same time was required. AS we go to
press we are unathoratiTelv informed
that Superintendent Taylor has the sit
uation well in hand-Times Review.
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1903-05-28
A RICH POCKET.
olnghouse Claim Develops Valuable
Streak Of Rock.

This morning Charles Short one Of
tie proprietors OF The No. l claim in
Clinghouse Canyon, received a fine
specimen CT quartz ore about two in
ches square and one half inch thick
which is worth $50.
This is a specimen Of a pocket just
struck IN the property and five hun
bred dollars Ct this character of ore
has been taken cut. The men at the
mine say there is plenty of ere in
sight al the property will be one OF
the best in the camp.-Gazette.
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1903-05-28
Women q ,soodcraft.

At a meetinz Ut 5...rr -se,ala Cir
Gle No. 279, Women Of Wooacraft held
Tuesday eveaing the following officers
were elected for tn ensuing year:
Guardian Ncighbor, Josie Cushing;
Adviser, Hattie Wood; Banker, Kate
Holorook; Magician, Laura Muller; AT
tendant, Maggie Anderson; Inner Sen
tinel, Louise Smith; Outer Sentinel
James Logan; Captain Of Guard, Fan
ME Blackie; Musician, Mary Dorals
Manager, F. a. Cushing.
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1903-05-28
Warren Election.

At regular meeting of Warren En-
CINE company held Tuesday evening.
the following officers were elected for
the ensuing year:
Foreman, L. Stern; First Assistant
A. G.. Meyers; Second Assistant, Mil
lard Catlin; President, Geo. H. Meyers
Secretary, Wallace Evans; Treasurer,
d. G.. Kitzmeyer
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1903-05-28

HAVE you

watches to repair? Take them to Bel.
coves. We will guarantee them %
keep as goou time a. new one. 90.
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1903-05-28
Little Loss This Year.

The new line of the Southern Pac-
ific company throws into Storey and
Churchill a number of miles OF track
that was formerly in Washoe County.
Il was believed that this would cause
a loss to Washoe County this season,
but owing to delays the Washoe track
is still being used and will be assessed
there.
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1903-05-28
Sinking Resumed at Steamboat.

Manager J. w. Hopkins has put a
force of men at work sinking a double
drill hole at Steamboat that gave the
huge assays a couple of days ago
When the drill struck the quartz a
column Of hot water shot up fifty feet
above the surface, says the Journal.
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1903-05-28

The ladies of the Methodist church
viii give their annual dinner on Deco
ration Day at Odd Fellows hall, COM
r,encing at noon
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1903-05-28

Winchester hams are the best. 15c
per pound at Kelly's. Arlington block.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-11-26

million. In 1880, according to the Off
cial census, the Mortimer and their
kin were nearly a sixth and had the
ratio been maintained to this day with
the 10000 Scandinavians now here
would see about 100000 people to
ring the praises of Minneapolis.
And 10000 is a very conservative
estimate of the strength of the Scan
dinavian population. The figures of
tives of the lands that in the past
gave the world the doughty vikings.
In this total there were 20,O35 from
Sweden, 1852 from Norway, 1,473
from Denmark and possessions, and
348 from Finland.
1t is interesting to note in passing
that over two-thirds of the popula-
ton of Minnesota, which in 1900 was
1,751,394, were either born in Eu-
rope, or of foreign parents, and that
of this foreign element approximately
King Oscar and King Christian. The
Swedes lead in number, with 49, AIS
followed by 104,985 Norwegians. 49,
299 Danes and 1927 Firms. There
are no specific figures for Icelanders
of whom there are several small but
f1ourishing colonies in the state, but
it is assumed that they are included
among the Danes.
One-third. of all the Norwegians in
America live in Minnesota, one-fftt
Of all the Swedes, one-sixth Of all the
Firms and one-tenth of all the Danes
1t is, of course, we'll known that the
true Firms are not of old Scandals
stock, but there has been such a strong
infusion of Swedish blood among
them that they themselves coun
| themselves among the Scandinavians
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-11-26

banks are being maintained at such a
high level that western jobbers and
manufacturers are finding they can
borrow to better advantage at home
than In the east. This practice of the
transfer of credit as required has cre-
ated a field for trained men to act as
representatives of the borrowers, and
also OF the bankers in such opera
tons. 1t Is In this capacity of COM
mercial paper banker that Eugene NJ.
Stevens is representing a number Of
the largest grain, milling, lumber and
jobbing concerns in the northwest,
whose paper he buys in large lots and
distributes among his bank CORE
spondents turnout the west. A man
whatever to take on anything for his
correspondents excepting the cream"
OF the banking loans, and Mr.. Stevens
acts as the personal representative of
many institutions of the highest re-
sponsibility, placing their loans among
his correspondents in the same manner
as these institutions place their own
loans with their own deposit banks.
In addition to commercial paper, Mr..
Stevens handles high-grade municipal
corporation and railroad bonds, being
In a position to supply bankers with
their assets other than loans, as de-
sired. There is no question that at
this time western securities, as a. rule,
are on a much firmer basis of intrinsic
value than those offered in the east.
Mr.. Stevens has clientage Of the
most conservative capitalists in Min
neapolis. He also buys and sells Min
neapolis bank stocks for his clients.
He has attractive offices on the
ground floor of the Guaranty building,
facing on Third street, and the main
entrance to- the building, probably the
best location in the city for such a
business.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-11-26

In fact, a large proportion of them
use only the Swedish language, and
in all Scandinavian gatherings in the
old world the Firms are always rep
resented.
Minneapolis had foreign-born pop
ulation Of 61,021 in 1900, the census
year, and these, with their immediate
descendants, numbered over $50, 600 in
a total population Of 2O2,718, or over
three-fourths.
Twenty-Five years ago, when the
Scandinavian emigration began to
make itself felt In this city, It's IA
vorite section, as now, was South Min
neapolis. and Its business center was
Washington avenue, between Third
and Fourth avenues S, opposite the
Milwaukee railway station. In this
block the pioneers of the Scan
dinavian army are still engaged in
business. A. H. Edsten, furniture, at
3O3 Washington avenue S; P. j. E.
Clementson, boots and shoes, at 307;
John H. Oleson. photographer, at 3O7;
Alfred Backdahl, drug store, at 313;
DR.. John Pearson, physician, at 313;
Olof Throbeck, tailor, at 321; Sam
uel J. Throbeck, cigars and confec-
tionery, at 321-nearly all these men
came to the city in the sixties, "look-
ing for a job" and in few short
years were enabled TO save enough
from their wages to establish them
only Scandinavians in business by any
means, for south on Washington ave-
nue. were other pioneers, such as An
drew Tharalson, e. M. Titterud, John
| N. Berg and others, whose names can
not now be recalled.
About a. quarter Of a century ago
there were but four Scandinavian ply
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-11-26
Eugene NJ. Stevens.

It Is not generally realized that the
west has accumulated such a fund of
financial resource in the last few years
Of it's prosperity as to render it large
this respect. There have grown
up turnout the middle west a
very large number of especially
strong banks, whose deposits have in
creased wonderfully in the last few
years, and who are thus mediums thru
which the depositors Of the west are
furnishing temporary capital to one
another, as circumstances require. The
agricultural banks, whose deposits are
materially increased by the marketing
of the crops, are thus able to furnish
money In large quantities in the grain
centers for moving those crops, and
the permanent deposits Of the western
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-11-26


it did business for many years. After
wards 1t moved to the building occu-
pied by the old Athenaeum library,
on Hennepin avenue, but In 1895 fol-
lowed the trend toward the new bank
ing center at First avenue and
Fourth street, and secured the quar-
ters in the Phoenix building which It
now occupies.
The Hennepin County bank does
both a savings business and general
banking business. It's capital is $780,
900, its surplus $4,000, and it's present
deposits about. $3,25o,000.. The trus-
tees are now John E. Bell, r. M.
Prince, F. A. Chamberlain, Andrew
Tharalson, David P. Jones and w. H.
Lee. Mr.. Bell is president, Mr.. Jones
(son of the first president), vice presi-
dent, and Mr.. Lee, cashier. Mr.. Lee
became connected with the bank in
1874 and is one of the Oldest bank
officers in point OF time of service in
the city.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-11-26
THE SCANDINAVIANS
OF MINNEAPOLIS
Prominent Element in the City's Popula-
ty-Five Years -Events Of Special Interest.

More than one-third Of the inhabi-
tants Of Minneapolis were born of
Scandinavian parents. Upwards of
$4,000 were born in Scandinavian
countries, and these with their i'm
mediate descendants, will number close
to 10000 souls in city of about 1885,
900. OF the cities Of the world, only
Stockholm, Copenhagen, Christiania,
Gothenburg and Chicago contain more
Mortimer than Minneapolis.
This city was not always the CEN
ter for Scandinavians that it has now
become. Altho the Swedes and Nor
,wegla.ns took possession Of the rich
farming lands in Chisago, Goodhue,
Carver and many of the southern
counties of the state in the early fif-
ties, they did not come to the Falls
of st. Anthony until a much later
period. Nils Nyberg and Claes a.
Widstrand were here in the early ff-
ties, but did not attract any of their
countrymen. At the close of the six
ties they probably did not exceed a
hundred in a population of over ten
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-11-26

e. W. Decker, Woe president; William
H. Dunwoody. president; L. S. Gil
lette, president Electric Steel Elevator
company; T. B. Janney OF Janney,
Semple, Hill & Co.; M. B. Koon, vice
president; Henry L. Little, general
manager NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS. Flour
Mills company, limited: w. G. North
up, president North Star WOODEN Mill
company; George W. Peavey, Peavey
Elevator system; George w. Porter,
capitalist; w. A. Ramsey, president Of
Minnesota Linseed Oil company, lin
tied; A. T. Rand, president Minneapo-
lis Gas Light company; James W..
Raymond, ex-president; George W..
Van Dusen, Van Dusen Elevator sys-
tenn; G. D. Velie. vice president Deere
&c Weber company; o. G. Wyman,
Wyman, Partridge &, Co.; J. T. wy
man of Smith & Wyman.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-11-26
The Hennepin County Savings Bank.

The Hennepin County Savings bank
has the distinction Of being the oldest
savings bank in the city, and, with the
exception of the First National bank.
organized in 1870 by the late Judge
Z. S. Jones, David c. Bell. J. E. Bell
and others, and at the time Of the
founding Of T h e J T. n a in 1873,
was a prosperous institution with a
capital of $55,500 and deposits of
1891 ,03056. At that time the trustees
were the three men mentioned above.
together with S. A. Harris and John
B. Clark. Judge Jones was PRESIDENT;
D. C. Bell, vice president; J. E. Bell.
cashier, and S. A. Harris, assistant
cashier. The bank was then located
at 230 Hennepin avenue, and later
moved to the corner Of Washington
and Hennepin avenues, diagonally
across fro mthe Nicollet house, where
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-11-26

thousand, but in the next decade be-
gan the strong tide of immigration
which has made Minneapolis a house
hold name in northern Europe.
In 1880, in population Of $4,000,
there were only 8,154 Scandinavians
in Minneapolis, and this number in
cluded all those born across the wa
ter and natives of Scandinavian par
entage. The Swedes were in the lead
with 1000, followed by the Nor
wegians with 3,616, and the Danes
with $50. To this number should be
added SO of the three races living in
the suburbs which a few years later
were incorporated in the city proper.
The great growth of the city has
come since 1880, and If the whole city
had kept pace with the influx from
the north, Minneapolis would now
have a population close to half
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-11-26
Minneapolis, Mimi.
60 S. Fourth Street

This is the oldest and one Of the most
carefully managed savings banks in the
city. It's investments are selected from
among the best in the market, safety
being the first consideration. Interest
compounded four times year.
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1903-08-26
WANT COLUMN
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
J. w. Rode sells steamship tickets

Land scrip for sale. G. A. Johnson.
Come and see the soda water expert
at Blakey's 6 IT,
The Pride of Minot is the popular
flour. 1t leads. Is If
Finest soda water, by an expert, at
Blakey's drug store. 6 IT,
For ice cream and soda water try the
Palace drug store.
| Buy one of those new organs just re-
ceived at McJannet's. Ii IT,
Furnished rooms for rent. Inquire at
Samuelson's shoe store. 16-tf
Blank notes and chattel mortgag re
leases for sale at this Office.
have now good supply Of Burling-
ton and Kenmare coal, P. H. Baukol. 2tf
X. w. Jones has Just received 100 tons
! of the best grade of blacksmith coal. 6tf
The Pride of Minot is going in every
, direction. It must be good -four. Ii If.
Just received some of the latest Or
gans. Mcdaniel, the furniture man. l3tf
Get your prescription filled by grad
uate in pharmrcp, at the Palace drug
store. 6 If
If you have any horses you wish Win
tered, see or address +. A. Fuller, Minot,
N. ID. 1S-tf.
Do you want to buy or sell farm
If you do call on Fredeen Il Stewart,
the land men. 13-tf
For Sale-New mich cows, by Nick
Roles, inquire at Walter or Glenburn,
North Dakota. 13-tf
For Sale-A second hand rake and
mower. Good condition Alvin Wallace,
Burlington, N. D. Is If
Furnished rooms to rent in pleasant
part of city. Rates reasonable. In
quir at Independent office. II If.
All kinds of land and townsites for
sale. Address N. w. Comfort of White
Earth, or J. w. Maloney, Minot. 6-tf
Lost-a gold chain in four sections
with small K. P. emblem. Finder
leave at this office and receive reward.
For Sale Cheap-A good traction
Gaar Scot engine. Run three years. Is
now in good shape. Inquire of the SEQ
field Implement Co. IS t..
She went all over town for Oxford's
and finally paid $3.50 for pair of Pin
gree make that pleased her immensely.
We can do fully as well for you. j. M.
Wilson. 6 If.
The G. N. Ry. will sell round trip
tickets on July and q, Aug. and IS,
Sept land Is to all points in Idaho,
Oregon, Washington at one fare plus
81 for round trip. good for q days from
MinOt.
Wanted Two competent dining
room girls and one good cook at the
Arlington hotel in Kenmare. Best of
wages paid. Vacancies after Sept l.
Address J. G. Gulpin, Kenmare, N. D.
II II IL.
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1903-08-26
Maud Allen, the Flying Lady.

Beatty Bros. Moving Picture show con
sists of $1,000 of the latest moving pic
lures and the latest illustrated songs
sung by Prof. Hadley, of New York
This show is not to be classed with the
called moving picture shows of which
there are SO many travelling nowadays
1t is an acknowledged fact that the
Beatty Bros. have the only six moving
picture machines on earth with the
Diamond Projecting Lens. Beatty Bros
had these machines made to order last
January. They have six sprockets that
tho Beatty Bros pictures are colored and
cost 80 cents per foot, while the ordinary
picture costs IL cents per foot.
You will see such pictures as "An Old
Maid from New York. sack and the
Beanstock," in ten beautiful colored
scenes "Unexhaustible Cab" I guess
that will hold you for awhile. "Presi.
dents Funeral" The Electrocutlon OF
Czolgolz," Whose Baby Are Your" I'm
Aunt Rastus' Baby, That's Whose Baby
l Am Don't fail to see "a Fisherman's
Catch, 'sCasey and the street Roller,
"a Fat and Lean Mans Wrestling
Match" "Catch of Biddle Bros Out
laws" "Carrie Nation and Her Ratchet
Battle scenes, Boat scenes "Casey and
His Twins" ''Chuting the Chutes at
san Francisco"
The salt Lake Tribune says: "Beaty
Bros. played salt Lake Theatre, Friday,
October "a, 1902, and gave universal
satisfaction
Jacobson's Opera House. Admission
Is 80 and IS Monday August 81.
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1903-08-26
Burlington.

Leslie Cotton has gone into the ma
chinery business. Last week he re
ceived a car load of new wagons, mowers
and rakes.
We understand from good authority
that David Houston, our Sunday school
superintendent. is about to again enter
into the holy bonds of matrimony. The
community at large extends congratula-
tons.
L. S. Foot left Saturday for Chicago
with six car loads of beef. He will be
gone about ten days. His brother-in-
law, Albert Barton, Of San Pedro, Cali,
who has been visiting him, makes the
trip with him.
Harvesting is we'll under way in and
around Burlington, as we'll as on the
North Prairie. Grain in the valley is
not as good as that on the prairie so far
as the straw is concerned, as it did not
have the same amount of rain, but we
think the average yield will give the
North Prairietes run for their money
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1903-08-26
CORRESPONDENCE
THE HAPS AND MISHAPS OF THE PEOPLE IN THIS
PART OF THE STATE BY OUR CORRESPONDENTS

Henry Allen was down from Burling
ton Sunday.
Joseph Rice left for his homo at Den
bigh on Wednesday to frcshen ur
preparatory to beginning his school in
the Parriott district in September.
Mrs. Chas. Funderburg served Il
meals in her beautiful dining room on
Saturday to the threshing crew. The
boys are always glad when Charley
! threshes.
Rev. and Mrs. Bradley and children,
Rev. and Mrs. Geo. Stricken and family
and Mr.. and Mrs. Charley Lambert
took dinner on Sunday with Mr.. and
Mrs. Chas. Dresher.
Mr.. Grant Collins, of Neigh, Neb., who
has been up in Assinaboia, Canada, and
filed on fine claim is stopping in Surrey
and visiting his old neighbors, Mr.. and
Mrs. Byron Hardy.
We are inclined to believe that the
Editor of the Independent is rather
selfish on the "girl question or else he
would never have answered the Sunday
school teacher as he did.
Mr.. and Mrs. VIM. Brubaker, father
and mother, Mr.. and Mrs. John Stude-
baker, Mr. and Mrs. Jesse Pearson and
children and Mrs. B. Percy, Mr.. and
Mrs. Orrien Peters and children, Mr..
McAlister, Miss Glenna Warwick and
Miss Sadie Kessler of Cando, took dinner
on Sunday with Mr.. and Mrs. Henry
Frantz.
Some of our farmers have part of
their grain threshed and report the
yield as fair for the dry season. Chas.
Funderburg threshed 1926 bushels of
oats averaging 80 bushels to the acre,
$50 bushel of wheat averaging II bushel
per acre, $50 bushel speltz averaging 10
bushel per acre and ZIG bushel of flax
which averaged 10 bushel per acre. Mr..
Chas. Dresher's wheat averaged -
bushel to the acre and oats 35 bushel
per acre.
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1903-08-26
Surrey.

Ed Thofson left Tuesday for Rugby.
Rev. John Brubaker preached at
Granville on Sunday.
Miss Susie Wilgus visited Fora Percy
few days this week.
Daniel Wolfe is out with threshing
crew up at Darlington.
Mrs. Dane Roger took dinner Sunday
with Mrs. D. S. Wolfe.
Roy B. Wolfe went to Williston Sun
day to look after his claim.
Mrs. Irene Wolfe spent the day Mon
pay with Mrs. Jessie Pearson.
The Misses Mamie and Ava Brcy spent
the day Friday with Miss Fora Percy.
ID. NJ. Shorb and family took dinner
on Sunday with Mr.. and Mrs. Ridge
way.
Mrs. Caleb Wolfe expects to leave
Wednesday for her home at Wolsclcy,
Canada.
Mrs. Irene Belt Wolfe stayed over
night Friday with Mrs Bert Nc
Cutcheon.
J.E. Smith and family returned home
Friday after spending couple weeks at
Burlington.
The Christian church will give another
ice cream social ut the school house
Friday evening.
Miss Bessie Semlar from Mckinley
district, took supper Saturday evening
with Miss Flossie Cole.
Mr.. and Mrs. Byron Hardy and chill
dren visited Sunday with her brothers
and sisters WetmOrc south OF town.
The boys say that Mr.. Carmen got in
too late Monday morning from Mlnot
for breakfast, $780, but there are
others.
Miss Dora Blake who has been visit
ing her aunt, Mrs. Meyers, for several
weeks, returned to her home at Cando
Tuesday.
a. d. Goodbar, OF Bolton, Mo-, arrived
1T Surrey Friday to spend couple OF
Weeks vi ING with his son John, our
Great \ ern agent.
Monday morning Mrs. Wolfe took an
early drive south to the river and re-
ports that part of the country as blessed
with legions of leap frogs.
This section was favored with a good
hard rain Sunday night that will help
the late flax and both the just and un-
just will reap the benefit.
Henry Bouk, Of Jasper county, Ind,
who has been visiting his daughter, Mrs.
Warren Brey the past three weeks re-
turned home last Saturday.
They say that A. E. Carpenter, former
agent at Surrey, is stepping very high
just now, rs his wife presented him with
fine baby girl Aug. II.