davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1903-05-24

and Smith, reaching Chattanooga about the
same time, was told of the contemplated
movement According TO the testimony.
Smith made no reconnaissance of the river
until Oct. 10, the day General ROsecrans
was relieved, and the latter was really re-
sponsible for the details of the movement
which Generals Smith and Hooker, directed
by General Thomas, carried out The report
ended by saying that the board did not
think that General Smiths military repu-
tation had been injured by the version of
the affair given by the atlas.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1903-05-24

the first offense and f20 for the next. That
tends to make the rumsellers careful whom
they sell liquor to.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1903-05-24

like the idea of lying there in the woods and
listening to the voices Of these invisible
messengers of death"
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1903-05-24

". HI. LOSKwOO
Patent and Trade-Mark Lawyer
as us Lsmcks Building. Indianapolis. Ina
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1903-05-24

geed your bore JANEs.s Dustless Cat.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1903-05-10

Gratis, 2ss,ooo votes Tho Republicans.
under Democratic gerrymander elected
two Congre ssmen; the Democrats, eleven;
that IL 10 say each Republican Congress-
men from the State stood for IOs 400 votes,
while for each Democratic Congressman,
there were only n .000 votea. 80 far as
representation In the Federal House. of
Represent, aiives was concerned, IL required
five Republican votes in Indiana to equal
one Democratic vote. Among curiosities
of distorted districts, the reader AT ntioh
il directed TO the "ShoesIring Dist riot in
Mississippi, tTt hundred end fifty miles
long and thirty miles broad In which the
negro vote was concentrated, and Mis-
the state iaolf 1T traced by It's windings,
into which as large a number az possible
Of the negro votes wGs thrown
II is generally supposed that the device
known as gcrrymander was invented by
Elbridga Gerry, Governor Of Me- ssac huaetts
in 1874 Our author points out that 1t is
moro than quarter of century older.
In 1888 the opponents Of James Madison
In Virginia attempted to defeat him for
election to the first Congress under the
CONSTITUTE ion. by first making district
that would be hostile to him. and then pro-
viding that the reprCS NATIVE should be
required TO live in the district from which
he was chosen. Patrick Henry organized
this movement In opposition to Madison,
and it was mere accident that the political
trick did not come to be known az Henry
wandering. NJ. W. II,
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1903-05-10

the delegation 10 polIed In open oonven'
tion. Thereupon, II the delegation be under
, unit instructions from It's State conven-
F! ton. the vote Of the State ia cast az unit
| with the ma jority; II no instructions have
| been given. the vote stands as polled.
Prof. WOODBURY. makes no attempt TO
compute the expenses Of Presidential
campaign, regarding them az beyond
calculation" No ono save those con-
nected with the National Committee OF a
party knows how enormous Is the indis-
pensable outlay. The legitimat" expenses
are very large. The Republican bill for
printing alone in 1900 was estimated by
senator HaEna at $!oo0Oo, ut headquar-
ters in New York and Chicago there were
from forty to 100 employees occupying
rooms for which high rents had Ia be paid,
"When one thinks of the halls, special
trains, bands and banners, printing bills,
speakers pay and expenses. and pools
contributed Just before he election by party
advocates and candidates, to say nothing
OF the candidates. personal expenditures,
it will he seen that what Presidential
campaign costs in money is indeed beyond
estimate. II is safe to say that In single
State $3.50 900 would not cover the eIpendl-
ture OF one party distributed through State
and local committees
In the chapter on AN Honest Ballot, v
the author dwells on the extent OF vonal
voting In some of the States. The Hsser-
ton Is made that in one pivotal State of
the Middle West 10 per cent. of the votes
are purchasabe, and that in some coun-
tics of that State the proportion reaches
20 per cent This is equivalent to saying
that there are from 80, 600 to 10000 vena
votes in hat Commonwealth. The float
ing vote being no large 1t has come to be
an axiom In tho inner circles OF politicians
that this State will always be carried by
the party employing the largest corruption
fund Prof WOODBURY. believes this to
be true not only Of the State in Question
he does not name It. but obviously means
Indiana but of other close States which,
because Of their being the backgrounds
Of party managers, have been made the
victims Of political corruption.
In a paragraph on the Australian sys-
tenn" Of voting, by which the State furnishes
the official ballot and the voter Is isolated
In the privacy Of booth. we arc reminded
that the provisions are evaded in several
ways. In some States-Delaware, for in
stance-an assistance clause permits the
party workers to go into the booth and
mark the ballots OF illiterate and venal
voters. Then, again. clerks Of election
perjure themselves and work In collision
with corrupted voters by employing de-
vices for giving information TO bribers.
There are well-authenticated instances
in which party workers have marked In
one case 1l2 and in another 1853 ballots at
one election. The mark enables the buyer
70 know that the vote is delivered as prom
ised, 1t is reported that in one county in
Pennsylvania the superintendent Of coal
mine marked the ballots of 500 Of his italian
employees at a single election"
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1903-05-10
Union party. which was almost exclusively
composed OF "old-line" Wings. and nomt-
mated Bell and Everett carried three
States

composed OF "old-line" Wings, and nomi
mated Bell and Everett carried thre'
States
/ In the seventh chapter Of this book the
foundation and early history Of the Repub
lican party are discussed. Three ele
ments were combined in the new organiza'
ton, whose capital aim was TO exclude
slavery from the Territories. These ele'
ments were. frst the greater part OF the
Northern Wings, whose representatives
had voted solidly In Congress against the
I Kansas Nebraska bill; second, the anti.
Nebraska Democrats that Is to say, those
arti-slavery members Of the Democratic
party at the North who, like the former
Barn Burners. were opposed TO the open
ing, Of new territory TO slavery; third
the avowed Free Sellers, both Of Demo-
cratic and Wing antecedents. Prof. Wood
burn thinks that, Of these elements, the
Wings were. the most numerous. new
party name was needed, however, because
to all Democrats, Wing principles meant
A protective tariff and a large expenditure
Of; Federal money on internal improve
ments. For them to enroll under the Wing
banner would be to adopt principles that
they had always opposed. Consequently,
the founders of the new organization fell
back upon the old name, Republican, ap-
proved by jefferson, and called upon the
people to walk once more In the path OF
their Republican fathers, the path marked
out by Jefferson. the original Free Soiler.
who with other Republicans OF his day,
haI into % friu tn a a 4
tension of slavery TO Western territory,
Ordinance Of 1887.
The dominant feature of the new Repub-
lican party was, of course. it's opposition to
the extension Of slavery. Naturally enough,
its opponents, especially those Of the South.
called 1t the Black Republican party. as II
1t were hopeessly furnished with the pitch
OF Abolitonisn,. Like the Free Sellers,
however, the new party wRs pledged to
observe all the constitutional guarantees,
and, therefore, proposed no interference
with slavery where 1t existed 1t did assert.
on the other hand, that, under the Con-
stitution, Congress had sovereign power
over the Territories, and that, In the e1-
ercise OF this power, It liz both the right
and duty OF Congress- to prohibit In the
Territories those twin relics Of barbarism,
polygamy and slavery. In 1857, the bred
Scott decision came TO the aid of the aggres-
sive movement for the naturalization OF
slavery, by declaring that the primary
purpose Of the Republican party, the po-
ltical policy with view to which the party
was organized. was unconstitutional, Con-
gress having no power to exclude sla-
very from the Territories; yet it turned
out In this instance that political pro-
grammes are not much affected by judicial
deliverances
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1903-05-10
THE Cal
AN ARGU1
sUFFR.A|

SUFFR.A
The Reasons
Hold on
Their
Method
This oppon
o,,ently use a
Der OF worne1
where they
why, II its POI
they do not q
places' This
out both wayd
ing this priv
would join Y
pnaoe to the
duties and VI
conso1uences
then they are
pmce-seekers
Why some 81
aims does nd
ment by eled
There is no Cd
klecting won
entatives in {
.ut thew woul
In securing Il
outrage State
lways a far q
o make thid
han there is +
The women
,ote never ha
ally, and the
Instance of Il
gainst the m
scare pred
ave simply
xisting part
Nth this di
more apt tha
,arty's cand
hese are VI
Wyoming hal
h Congress
nd there orr
continued pt
hem to these
The same
|orial positid
|ariably filled
IN apprentice
minor offices.
Woman withd
would be ap(
bf the people.
Zines will sit
put this is pr
future. 1t is
he present q
10 the lower
Ire numbers
Jour suffrage
Who would
position with
md their col
men who are n
The in huen(
outrage State
ecure offices
% determine
(umbents of
Ereatest benei
knfranchiseme
hey exercise
hating conven
tiidates the
10 consider q
get the votes d
The assertion
cleaner candi
conditions is
evidence Wild
I rejected.
Although Z
especial derna
siderable omc
Miss Reel was
tendent of P
National Supd
Almost every
woman super
institutes, exa
general superl
are found eve
A woman hal
University a1
trustees for
State Land B
have served
Legislature q
quires equal
all employme
this includes
In Idaho ST
in 1894 the
ent of Publi
by a womaj
to the Legi
sherifs. a MI
ers, many
several place
versity Regd
the State CO
In Utah,
chised in 1891
islature. one
of the Senate
Auditors and
intendeut OF
siderable n,lI
offices, and ID
offices more
as deputies
boards Of I'd
and the ST
most Of tn
berved as VI
pf the State 4
have been
Presidential
In Colora
candidate
ublio Instr
kiven to won
Fears eleven
he Iegisla,
various time
lors. Clerks
bf the Cot
present ovei
ents are wo
directors au
several year
Of the State
lions, and a
Board Of II
found on TIM
practically
the recent 4
number wei
corders and
Just been
missioner b
on the Sta
political par
:. Tho abov
list OF the VI
States they
State politi
and take al
NAt~>. W
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1903-05-10

Among the political historians of our
Commonwealth there is consensus that
In the attitude toward constitutional con-
struction may be found the continuing
basis Of divisions between parties In the
United States. One party, known by
several names, Federalist. Wing, Republic
can. has favored broad construction, the
growth Of national power, and the larger
exercise Of force and authority in the re-
straint Of social disorders. Tho other
party, under various names. Anti Federalist,
Demooratio-R Republican. Democratic. has
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1903-05-10


while. on the other hand. the slavery quee-
ton became prssminent, the Wings were
still less able to act unitedly. The Northern
and Southern wings could not be held to-
gether. Tho Wilmot Proviso. tho pro-
pcssi to prohibit slavery by Congressional
action In the newly acquired Territories,
acted as q dividing wedge. II the Wings
succeeded In 1913, ~ they had In 1870. in
electing their candidate, who in each case
was milit ary hero, without any known
political principles. this was beca,ise Of the
division between the Barn Burner and
Hunker Democrats in the State OF New
York. The Wings included strong pro-
slavery men In the South and radical anti
Slavery men In the North, while there was
also q very large body Of Northern Wings
that cared very little about the slavery
question. The latter we're opposed to the
agitation Of the subject, and did their BEST
to prevent It. Prof Woodburn recalls
the story that Thaddeus Stevens, in 1850,
after the Fugitive Slave Law had been voted
on In the House Of Representatives. sug.
gested to the Speaker that he had better
send psgs into the lobby to inform the
Wing members there that they might safely
return to the House, as the slavery question
had been disposed Of. There was. I'M
doubtedy, q great deal Of truth In the con-
temporary remark that .the Wing party
died Of an attempt to swallow the Fugitive
slave law"
Our author says that tho campaign Of
1852 was the last national effort the Wing
party ever made. In that year Gen. Scott
Its Presidential candidate, carried but four
States. Four years later, however, rem
nants Of the Wings under the name Of the
American party. nominated Fillmore and
Dayton, and oast $4,000 Of the popular
vote; and even In ioeo H. Constitutional
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1903-05-10

vision OF interests. There 10 fear that.
IL one schedule lie disturbed, other schedules
will be, and 90 even those that arc not
directly affected by a reciprocity treaty
are inclined to prevent its ratification In
the interests Of conservatism and stability.
While, therefore, We can, Of course,
get reciprocity If We want II In any specified
case, We are not likely TO get it In many
cases. because tariff revision Ia q much
shorter road to change II change 10 wanted
while, II a general change Is not wanted,
one interest will probably DO about a.
strong In Congress as another, and matters
will tend to remain undsturbed. II We
look at the prospect for the immediate
ratification Of the reciprocity treaties now
before the Senate, 1t seems certain that
but few Of them will ever be accepted.
Is there no hope for good results from
reciprocity regarded as a means for ex-
tending markets? The authors Of this
book would expect nothing in far-reach-
ing way from the policy They point out
that we have failed TO conquer the South
American trade by our concessions on
vanilla beans and chewing gum. II We
really desire the trade Of South America,
We shall have TO make concessions OF
very different kind. If We could prevail
upon our producers Of wool and sugar to
open our ports freely to those commodi-
ties when sent to US by South American
countries. there would be comparatively
little need Of subsidiz ID steamships, rail-
ways and banks to encourage trade now
almost n-existent. These Instruments
of commerce. would forthwith bs supplied
In response to industrial demands. There
Is no likelihood that any such concessions
to the great South American staples will ba
made. Nothing short Of drastic tarih 70
vision could accomplish such results. ~
rsviGion seems fas diDsAnA - -.A
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1903-05-10

tau IL ttU It'cutus DVotb WiuicpS W WIG
utter extinction OF the Federalst party
1t is not true, however, that the ensuing
period can he correctly described az an
EZRA of good feeling There WAS any
thing but good feeling" among the rival
political leaders of the time. Voters grouped
themselves about their favorite candi.
dates for the Presidency.
Among these aspirants for the Chief
Magistracy and their respective groups
of followers the chickering's and anirnosi-
ties were bitter. Nevertheless, all these
rival leaders. not only In 1924. but also In
1928, belonged ostensibly 10 the Same party.
The Adams Republicans, the Clay Republi.
cans, the Jackson Republicans. the Craw.
ford Republicans. the Clinton Republicans
and the Calhoun Republicans acknowledged,
for while at least, zach Others claim
TO the party name. It was not until near
the end of John Quincy Adams's Presidency
that the name National Republicans was
assumed by the followers Of Adams and
Henry Clay. Their principles and organi-
zation, 80 far as they were organized, sup.
piled the nucleus for the new party OF the
Wings. The name Wing, however. was
not applied till 1884, when IL was taken ,,p
as popular rallying term that would appeal
To all political elements opposed TO Jackson
whose wing Of the Republican party had
assumed the popular appcllation Of Demo-
atio-Republicans, or Democratic. As the
term Democratic, which the Federalists
had originally employed as stigma. had
now become a strong Recommendation
it was necessary TO counterbalance It by
some equally attractive appellation The
word "Whig' called up old Revolutionary
sentiment. The .Whies" announced them
selves a. the true SUCCESSORS Of the men Of
70. They would stand forth, they said,
as their sires Of tho Revolution had stood,
in stout opposition to Executive prsroEative
and usurpation. whsthsr On ths part ek
The Birmingham age-herald., 1903-09-30
NEWS ITEMS OF THE DAY
 IN THRIVING PRATT CITY
Social and Personal.

lot today on North Highlands from the Pratt City Realty company.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1903-09-30
ENSLEY.
Public Schools Open With FIattering
 Prospects-Young Man Arrested.

Ensley, September 29.-(Special.) 1.-The public schools of Ensley began their sec ond weeks work of this session under fattering prospects. The attendance is breaking all former records, and the new school building, that will be built in a short time Is very much needed.
 J. M. Hayes, young white man of Ensey, was arrested yesterday on charge of drunkness, and a concealed weapon is alleged to have been found on his per- son. He was brought before Mayor Scott this morning on the two charges and was fined $50 for carrying the weapon and $5 in the other case.
 The Model Grocery company are hav- ing some Improvements made their store on Nineteenth street. New flooring Is being laid and the interior ornamented. This is one of the most up-to-date fancy grocery stores in the Birmingham dis trict.
 The Ladies Aid Society of the Ensley Presbyterian church will serve refresh ments tomorrow evening between the hours of and 5 o'clock, at the home of Mrs. J. E. Hollingsworth on Avenue c. The proceeds will go for the benefit of the First Presbyterian church.
 At a meeting of the Ladies of the Maccabees this afternoon appropriate resolutions were adopted on the death of Mrs. Addie Gregory who died of typhoid fever in Chicago several days ago.
 negro infirmary, to be known as West Ensley Colored infirmary, will be estab- lished in Ensley. The incorporators are
The Birmingham age-herald., 1903-09-30

Pratt City, September 29.-(Special.)- Extensive Improvements are being made by the city authorities on the streets and water works system of Pratt City. Ex- tension of the water main on East High lands was completed today and the wa ter turned on. This makes 40,OOo or 50,OO0 feet of piping in Pratt City.
 The street force will begin work in a day or two laying pavements on the side walks of Fourth and Taylor streets There is also some grading being done by the street force on East Highlands
 At the Police court today Robert Bragg was brought before Acting Mayor Dr. Stagg on a charge of assault and fined S12.5o.
 w. c. Colter one of the oldest citizens of Pratt City, received serious injuries today by falling from a scaffold. MT. Colter was doing some clustering in the new house that Dr. J. E. Seay is having built when the scaffold gave way, hurl- ing him to the ground cutting a large gap on his chin and painfully injuring lis hip Dr. Seay happened to be close by and found 1t necessary to take several stitches in the gash in his chin. MT. Colter is getting along as well as could be expected and will, perhaps, be able to be out in a few days.
 The Pratt City Realty company are contemplating erecting thirty new houses h a few days for rental purposes
 William Mackinaw bought house and
The Birmingham age-herald., 1903-09-30
TAX BOOKS SHOW
 GREAT PROSPERITY
BIG INCREASE IN THE TAXABLE PROPERTY OF BEssEMER-THE STREETS ARE BEING IMPROVED. OTHER NEWS.

Bessemer, September 29.-(Specfal. 1.-The city tax books will be opened the first of the month. One of the best indiees to Bessemers rapid growth and prosperity can be found by comparison of the years books with those of last year. The taxable property last year was valued at s1, 100000. This year 1t is valued at some- thing over $2,00O,0OO. Last year the prop erty taxes collected were $17,0OO This year they will go something over S19O00. Last year the amount collected from licenses and other sources of revenue was S2O,OOO. This year it is estimated that the amount will go over $25,000
 A great deal of street improvement is going on in Bessemer cement paving is being laid on the sidewalks of Nine teenth street and Third avenue. The city street force have been doing some exten- sive grading in several portions of the city during the past month, getting all streets in excellent order before the bad weather of the winter arrives.
 John Thomas, alias VIII Pearson, charg- ed with an assault and attempt to kill Policeman Boylin was bound over 10 the state this morning by Acting Mayor Mundes Thomas was carried to Bir- mingham and lodged in the county jail this afternoon by Deputy Sheriff Jerry fountain. Thomas is supposed to be an escaped convict from Georgia, where he shot a man and was serving a sentence.
 It is understood that the Bessemer bar will contest the removal of civil suits from the Bessemer court to the Birmingham courts, as provided in the act recently passed by the legislature. Attorney w. T. Walker of Birmingham, was here yester- day and was notified by Solicitor J. A. Estes that he would contest the removals of the cases in which he represented the plaintiff. It is thought that the constitu- tionality of the act will be tested before the supreme court.
 Developments in this matter will be watched with interest as the passage of this attracted attention in all parts of the state.
 J. H. Johnson has filed a suit in the Bessemer City court against the Tennes- see Coal, Iron and Railroad company for dumping slag into a pond near his home. which prevented the pond from being drained, thereby causing so he alleges, his family to be stricken with fever. The plaintiff will be represented by Attorneys Pinckney, Scott and S. P. Cam and the defendants will be represented by Wal ker & Percy
The Birmingham age-herald., 1903-09-30
WILL ENTERTAIN
 7TH U. s. CAVALRY
LOCAL MILITARY MEN WILL MEET MEMBERS OF ALABAMA STATE FAIR ASSOCIATION TODAY TO DISCUSS PLANS.

The committee of the Birmingham or ganizations of the Alabama National Guard. appointed to prepare an entertain ment in honor of the officers of the Sev- enth United States Cavalry. who will take part in the festivities of the State Fair, October 15l24. will meet the execu- tive committee of the Fair association a programme.
 The meeting will take place at 12:3O o'clock. at the State Fair headquarters, in the Alabama National Bank building. on First avenue, and there will be a free interchange of views as to the most the visiting officers.
 Those representing the Fair assoeia- tion will be President Krebs, Secretary John w ONeill, Treasurer Henry B. Gray, Ferd Marx and Eugene Fies, while the National Guard will be represented by Captain Yeatman, chairman of the committed; Captain Edward Smith, Lieu tenant J. L. Smith, Captain Ed. Me Crossin Lieutenant R. L. Gregory and Lieutenant Hines L. Francis.
 Evidence daily accumulates that the coming of the famous United States cav airy. with the splendid regimental band of twenty-seven musicians, has aroused intense and widespread interest. Every body within reach of Birmingham seems determined to witness the marvellous drilling of these cavalryrnen.