Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1903-09-26

bigness do not mean size; mean weight.
Take this bird shot In your right hand and
these counting beads kindergarten beads)
in your left. You can see what mean
now, because. though there are more
wooden beads than shot beads. still the shot
| feels much the heavier. doesn't it? So we
say that lead contains more matter than
wood, that lead Is heavier than air wood
| or water.
| All matter whether 1t is flesh like that
on your arm, or water or air or stone, Is
made up of a great many different mate
! rails. just as you see the cook put all kinds
| Of things into pan to make cake. You
know that cake is not made only Of -four,
or only of butter. or only of eggs; but all
of these mixed together.
All the different kinds of material that
go to make up matter when spoken of by
themselves are called simple substances.
A simple substance is material that man
cannot make, something that he finds in
| the world all ready for him.
When some of these substances are mixed
| together they are called compound sub
| stances, which only means mixed. just as
| you say cake instead of calling 1t by all
| the things which went into it. Butter and
| flour and eggs and milk and vanilla and
| baking powder" would be even harder to
| remember than compound" wouldn't It?
Wood and stone and iron not what
! they seem when you look at them. smooth,
hard, solid materials: they are quite differ
| ent. each being made up of millions and
| millions OF tiny balls called atoms. No eye
| atoms. nothing is as small as they are.
When we cannot see anything with our eyes
we say 1t is invisible; but because you
cannot see these little balls is no reason
| why they not there. i can tell you of
| many things you cannot see, yet you know
| to be true The smallest bunch of these
atoms IS called molecule. Another queer
| thing Is that these little atom balls do not
touch, but are always a small distance
| apart. Don't forget. however that told
| things in the world
| Every one of these atoms that am tell
| ing you about has the power OF sucking
every other atom to it. and it is this very
! power of sticking together that keeps you
and me and all the world from flying to
| pieces This power is called molecular at
| traction. which is only a stupid long name
| for the love that the little molecules have
| for keeping together. Just children
don't like to be alone so the little mole
| cules and atoms don't like to either. There
| is something that always keeps them from
coming too close to one another and that
something is called heat. Every one knows
what heat is-the warm, plea SAINT feeling
| Of the sun and the burning glow of fire.
Whenever a thing is heated 1t gets a wee
bit larger, because the little balls are
forced apart. Heat prizes the atom balls
apart and makes thing bigger in size.
though it still has the same number Of
atoms. in it. Now, whether a thing is hard
as rock, or soft as water. or thin fog,
I'LL uepeliuS Oh lleSe TWO powers NoT lotCeSD
fighting together, to pry the atoms
apart. the other sucking them together.
All substances (materials) can be divided
into three kinds-liquids, like water, Oil,
milk, blood; and solids, like iron. ice, stone,
wood; and gases, like the gas we burn in
our houses, the steam that comes out of the
kettle and the hydrogen gas that makes
your balloon fly up into the air. In solids
the little atom balls are sucked together as
close as they will go; in liquids they are
sucked one way by molecular attraction
and the other by heat until the pull on them
is even and in gases they are pried so tar
apart by heat that they go all to pieces.
Let get a block of ice and put it in a
saucepan over the fire. Now we see
every change that the movement of the
atom balls makes in 1t. AS 1t is now, frozen
| solid, the atoms all close together; heat
1t and the heat begins to pry them apart,
the Ice becoming liquid. water Now it
is boiling. See all the thin white steam
that is curling away into the room? That
means that the little atom pals far
apart that at least they have room to fly.