The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1903-07-09

| is open. Crowds of persons mock in and
circulate among the apartments and
corridors. The ambassadors and dele
gates of foreign states, besides their
| personal friends, visit the cardinals for
| the last time. In the evening everyone
is turned out except the cardinals and
| those authorized TO remain with them
! and the conclaVe is closed. This is
| done under the superintendent of two
! guardians of the conclaVe-one a pre-
late previously appointed by the Sa-
cred College, who is called the COVER
nor, and the other a lay official called
| tie marshal
Each cardinal is allowed to have two
members of his household in attend
ance upon him, these being called con-
| clavists A number of other attend
| ants and minor officials carpenter,
a mason, a sacrist. a monk or friar to
hear confessions, two BARRIERS. eight or
ten porters or messengers and several
! others-are in the common service OF
the whole body of the cardinals.
All the entrances of the build
| ing but one are closed. That
is in charge of officials some of
whom are prelates, others Of
ficials of the municipality, whose bust
ness is to see that no unauthorized
persons shall enter and to exercise sur
vigilance over the food brought to the
| cardinals, lest any communication
should be conveyed to them by this
channel After three days the supply
of food sent in is restricted. If five
days more elapse without an election
being made. the rule used 20 be that
the cardinals should from that time
subsist upon nothing but bread, wine
and water, but this rule has been
| somewhat modified by later ordinances.
Morning and evening the cardinals
meet in the chapel and a secret scru-
tiny by means of voting papers is
usually instituted in order to ascertain
whether any candidate has the required
majority of two-thirds.
A cardinal coming from a distance
can enter the conclave after the clos
ure, but only if he claim the right of
doing so within three days of his ar
rival in the city. Every actual car
dinal, even though he may lie under
a sentence of accommodation, has the
right to vote unless he has not yet
been admitted to deacon's orders. Even
in this case the right to vote has some
| times been conferred by special papal
| udult.
There are three valid modes of cleo
tion-by scrutiny, by compromise and
| by what is called quasi-inspiration, or
the cardinals agree to entrust the cleo
ton to a small committee of two or
| three members of the body. Scrutiny
is the ordinary mode, and, although
since the thirteenth century elections
| have usually been made by this mode
with reasonable dispatch, yet in times
of disturbance the difficulty of obtain
| ing two-thirds majority has been
known to protract the proceedings over
/ in fho Of he
conclave of 1899, which lasted six
months, resulting in the election of Plus
| VII.
The present College of Cardinals con-
sists of siXty-nine members. But for
the recent death of Cardinal Vaughan
of England, it would consist of seventy
the full quota. AT a Papal consistory
June % last the following were Gre
ated princes of the church:
| Monsignor Fischer, Archbishop of CO.
logne.
Monsignor Taliani, Papal Nuncio at
| Vienna.
| Monsignor Cavicchioni, secretary of
the Congregation of the Council.
Monsignor Ajuti, Papa1 Nuncio at
Lisbon.
Monsignor Nocella, secretary of the
Consistorial Congregation.
aMonsignor Katschthaler Archbishop
|
Monsignof Herrera Espinosa, Arch
bishop of Valencia.
| Until the death of Cardinal Vaughan,
on the Friday night before the consis-
| tory, there were sixty-three cardinals
| At that time the seven nominated at
the consistory had already been decid-
ed upon, and for the first time in
| many years the Sacred College would
have been full had Cardinal Vaughan
lived three days longer.
Like the French Academy the Sa-
cred College is a body of limited mem
| bership, and is seldom made up of the
full limit of seventy The fact that the
| Pontiff nominated seven cardinals and
the rumors of his gradual weakening
with the advance of old age created
the belief that he believed the end is
near, and with that in view decided
to select enough members to fill the
| college.
One feature of the new list overshad-
owed all others from an ecclesiastical
| point of view. That was in the man.
ner in which France, one of the strong
est Catholic countries in the world
| was ignored and Germany and Aus
tria honored, Two Of the new cardi-
nails are italian, two Austrian, one
| German. one Spanish and one Portu-
! guese. The recent visit of Kaiser Will
helm to the Vatican and the felicitous
| exchange of greetings between the
Emperor and Pontiff marked an i'm
portant turning point in the ecclesias-
| teal relations of the Vatican with
! France and Germany.
With the latest changes the German
and Austrian influence together is
| stronger than the French. that of the
| former being ten cardinals. distributed
as follows: Germany. three; Austrian
four; Bohemian, one; Hungarian, two
The complexion of 4he Sacred College
compared with what it was before the
latest previous consistory is as follows:
| Nationality. Now. Before
| ltalian ........ ................4O IS
! french $50. ....-..-..........
OpdHlSu ...s-... .............
austrian .........-...... 4
| GeTIldH .ss.. .........-....,.. IS
| hungarian -. ............... ?
lIlSH ..s.s.s. ...........ss..-
portuguese ........,.. .......
| American $3.50. .............
Beiglan ...-.... ..,..-.s..... /
bohemian ..... ............... l