New-York tribune., 1903-01-25

anarchy upon him, and perhaps with the infu-
ence of Jefferson. who through these years was
in Paris. somewhat removed from him. ne was
carried to an extreme of Capitalization at which
he could be sustained by neither his philosophy
nor the locaIizing rural atmosphere in which he
always lived. So his usefulness and his fame
alike eliminated with the adoption OF the con
stitution. He afterward became Secretary OF
State and President and in retirement succeeded
Jefferson as the sage of American politics. but he
had no capacity for executive office in stirring
times; his real work was done in the years be-
tween Yorktown and the Inauguration Of Wash
ington To him and to Hamilton than any
other men the UniOn under the constitution
owed it's being.
Madison was a profound thinker and a student
alive with curiosity. His correspondence with
Jefferson is full of the scientific discussion in
which the latter 50 delighted He sends TO Paris
for a set of chemical apparatus; he wonders II
an invention to propel river boats upstream II II
operates on the water alone. may not supply the
great desideratum for perfecting balloons; he
is full of a story Of a buried city discovered IN
Siberia objects from which Mazzei tells nirn ne
has seen in Paris, and he and Jefferson stlI
continue 10 trust the romancing Mazzei. The
problem of the distribution Of species interests
him. and he measures mOIes and other animals.
identity of New and Old World fauna In some
of his views he was in advance Of Jefferson
When that prophet OF Arcadia wrote from P-1ris
complaining of the inequality and misery about
him and suggesting that happiness was 10 De
found in free government and measures for SUD-
dividing property, Madison answered that ne
had no doubt that sucn measures would a5ate
the misery of the lower classes, but appended me
wise observation:
suspect that the difference will not July
account for tine comparative comfort OF lhe mass
of people in the United States Our limited
population has probably as large snare n
producing this effect the political advantages
which distinguish US certain degree Oh HIiseIJ @
seems inseparabIe from high degree OF p0pu-
Iousness No problem in political econ
ony has appeared to me more puzzhng tnan
that which relates TO the most proper dIStrl0u-
tion os the inhabitants OF country fully peO-
pied Let the lands be shared among them ever
so wisely and let them be supplied Win IdooT-
ers ever so pentifully; as there must De q SIe4t
surplus of subsistence, there will also De great
enrnI,Is of in nhabitants Hitherto We have
seen them distributed into manufactures OF su-
perffuities idle proprtetors CT productive laIlss
dcmestics soldiers, merchants, mariners ana q
few other less numerous classes All thtSe
classes notwithstanding. have been found m
s,,fic;sn, to absorb the redundant members Of a
popuIous society; and yet reduction Oh most %
those classes enters into the very REFORM WHICH,
appears so necessary and desirable
This exposure of the falIacy that simplicity
and democracy were the Un1alHnS recipe IVf u1AA-
yersaI happiness was written twelve years De
fore Nautilus published his Essay on the PrIIl-
cfpIes of PCpulatiO The theories which then
made a sensation in Europe had been worked
out by this virginian gentleman in his provin-
ciaI isolation In his view of slavery he was
likewise in advance of his time. He wrote from
Congress to his father in 1IS3 that he could not
think of Furnishing his runaway servant for
cCyeting that liberty for which we have paid
the price of so much blood and have proclaimed
so often to be the right and worthy the pursuit
of every human being" When he returned
home he began the study Of law that ne might
live las little as possible upon the labor OF
slaves" He came however, to accept condl-
tions as he found them and continued 4 slave
holder all his life He was kindly as master
as in every other relation Of life; delicate II
physiuue and retiring in disposition. ne owed
his power to his unquestiOned purity Of charac-
ter unfailing common sense and tireless n
dustry in adapting sound principles OF govern
ment to American needs
Mr. Hunt, in his introduction. gives 9rieI
but illuminating sketch Of Madison and an *
count of the previous partial publications or MS
works since the first issue of THE Madison
Papers'' under government auspices, IN lo+O
To the third volume he prefNes some notes on
the journals of the Constitutional Convention
giving the history of Madison's journal ana lne
less perfect records kept by Yates since kno"H
as ..FIlfot's Debates Rufus King and WH-lan