davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Spokane press. [volume] (Spokane, Wash.) 1902-1939, 1903-11-17
The Baldwin Brand
of Leadership.

The Press is pleased to re-
cord that that mighty reform
er, Frederick f. Baldwin, is
again correcting evils in this
city. 1t was as we expected.
That Mr.. Baldwin vigorously
opposed the Pratt ordinance. to
remove doors and curtains
from winerooms, making the
possible seduction of foolish
young women less easy at the
hands of lecherous, foul, world
ly men. was. of course. a step
in the right direction. So, too,
was Reformer Baldwin's atti-
tude on stalls in saloons. After
that. it is easy to see that he
should vote for a new ordinance
for the old Stockholm resort.
He now reaches the top notch
of usefulness in his latest
measure to tag messenger
boys His .dea is to make the
boys pay so cents for a badge
to correct some of the abuses
which messenger boys suffer.
BY this Frederick Il. Baldwin
means doubtless that the lads
are to be used as a piece of
plumber to increase the city's
failing revenues. Think of 1t.
this town unable to pay it's last
months bills. aggregating $10,-
900 to $4,000, and yet men like
Frederick +. Baldwin in his Of
fetal capacity thinks it better
to tax a poor messenger boy so
cents, lad perhaps supporting
widowed mother, than it is
to make saloon men pay a
round $1,000 license.
For this brand of leadership
The Press has nothing but high
praise.
The Spokane press. [volume] (Spokane, Wash.) 1902-1939, 1903-11-17
The Coolest Night.

About the coolest weather experience
ed last winter was eight degrees above
zero. The intensity of the present cold
snap can be realized when the state
ment is made that some of the Their
mometers last night registered zero
weather.
Sleighing is being INDUCED in to a
remarkable extent and liverymen all
report good business. Up till noon
today the atmosphere remained very
crimpy, but shortly after IL o'clock the
sun came out where it could reach the
pavements and in comparatively
short time the streets became very
sloppy.
Last winters skates are being
brought out and if the weather contin-
ues cold next Sunday every available
bit of ice will be used by the skaters.
The Spokane press. [volume] (Spokane, Wash.) 1902-1939, 1903-11-17
PROPER Treatment
OF THE CRIMINAL

BUFFALO, N. y, Nov. 17.--Many
delegates have arrived in Buffalo for
the fourth New York State Confer
ence OF Charities and Correction. The
section opens this evening with re-
ception, at which addresses will be
ma Ie by President r. Mulry of New
York city, Mayor Knight. Bishop Col
ton and others.
The treatment of the criminal, the
care and relief of needy families in
their homes. and dependent, neglected,
delinquent and defective children are
some of the subjects which will be
under discussion. A discussion of
unusual interest relates to politics in
penal and charitable institutions.
Other subjects on the program are
preventive social work, the mentally
defective and institutional care of
destitute adults. Papers and ad-
dresses will be presented by promi-
nent physicians, sociologists, edu-
Gators, clergymen and the superin-
tendents of various reform and char
fable institutions.
The Spokane press. [volume] (Spokane, Wash.) 1902-1939, 1903-11-17
DIVORCE EVIL GROWING
WITH STARTLING RAP|D|TY
Only One Has Been Refused Spokane Nine Weeks and That Was
Account of mo Jurisdiction"

John 4. Jones. non-support; granted.
Ella Gallagher VS.. Edward Gallagher,
cruelty; granted. Frances Bartlett vs..
Burton Bartlett, non-support; granted.
Rachael Stout VS.. Otto Stout, cruelty;
granted.
September l4-Luella II. Shively VS..
James NJ. Shively, desertion; granted.
September l6-tannie Lewis vs.. w,
Abbott Lewis, non-support granted.
September lS-Rohert F. Wallace VS..
Mary ], Wallace, desertion; granted.
Susan NJ. Sweet VS.. Enoch Sweet, non
support. granted. ID, Minis VS. Mel
lie l.. Minis; granted Frances Ham
mond VS. Edward IL. Hammond; grant
ed c. w. Oliver VS. Mable Oliver, de
sertion; granted. Rosina Hunt VS.
Lewis ID. Hunt, non-support; granted
Emma Wiseman VS.. W. W. Wiseman
cruelty; granted, James Dean VS., Ga
brilla Dean, desertion; granted.
September ?5-Nellie Sosgrove vs.. NJ
b, Cosgrove, desertion; granted. laur'
X. Davis vs.. Lewis A. Davis, incom
patlblity: granted. Myrtle Shonkwll
Ter, VS.. Ed Shonkwiller, desertion
granted. Lucia Hawlcy vs. Marvin II
Hawley, non-support; granted.
The Spokane press. [volume] (Spokane, Wash.) 1902-1939, 1903-11-17
PULLING
LANGUAGE
Only a Lawyer. of Course
Could Filter This
Mixture

That at some time unknown to de-
fsndaW some person unknown to de-
PENDANT. but who acted with plain
tins knowledge and consent, did. VITA
the inten to deceive defendant and his
co-sureties and without his knowl-
edge. consent. agree with and promise
the said Goodin. defendants co-surety
upon said bond, to alter 1t after its
EXECUTION by all of the parties herein
famed. by striking from said bond
no signature of said Goodin,'
Couched in those words Is part
Of the answer made by w. ii. Cakes,
In official OF the now defunct Spokane
h British Columbia Telephone &
Telegraph company, in an action
brought by the Old National bank
10 recover 5000. Mr.. Cakes claims
that the bond was not to become eff
fective until all the parties had sign
I'd as co-sureties. The names of c.
A. Phipps and +. c. Goodin appear
In the body of the bond. but the name
of Goodin does not appear among the
signatures.
The Spokane press. [volume] (Spokane, Wash.) 1902-1939, 1903-11-17
Master William Christensen
Should Not Be Sent TO
Reform School

home with his mother: Give the lad
. chance! He 10 only IL years old,
and II in truth only q mere baby boy.
He 10, I truly believe, not . bad boy.
He has had such q lesson now maybe
no will never repeat his onsnse. n
is not such . grave thing for one 10
young to be morally tempted, - hs
was, ana to fall Sin In, after all,
nothing but misdirected energy. Many
grown man in Spokane Will rs1nem-
Der when he, too, appropriated what
did not belong to him, when . boy,
and only realized the wrong when
guided by q good mother to the path
Of honesty. Let all the mothers in
Spokane send up prayer for While
and his mother. A wave Of good will
redeem the boy. Reform school, neveri
"(MRS.) A. @. ADAMS,
The Spokane press. [volume] (Spokane, Wash.) 1902-1939, 1903-11-17

September IS Lille VI. Jones vs.,
Thomas II Jones, cruelty and nom
support; granted.
September % Margaret d, Wade vs..
James NJ. Wade; granted,
October l-Sarah ID, Taylor IS.
George W. Taylor, cruel and inhuman
treatment; granted. John W. Guy vs..
Rosa d. Guy, adultery; granted. Cor
nelia Chamberlain VS., Frank II. Cham
berlain, non support; granted.
October 6-Ovidia }. Larson vs., An
drew b. Larson; granted.
October 9-Viola Favill VS.. Charles
Favill, cruelty; granted. William BUS
by vs.. Bertha NJ. Busby; granted. Mar
garet Clough VS.. Lester +, Clough, non
support; granted.
October 10 Rollo X. White vs.. Let
tie White. deSertion; granted.
October l5-Jessie NJ. McCarter vs.
George L. McCarter, Drunkenness
granted.
i October l6- Edna NJ. Eddy VS.. G, A
Eddy. non support; granted, Forenc
Schomers vs. Nicholas Schomers, cru
city: granted. Ada Cheadle vs.. Erncs
Il, Cheadlc, cruelty granted Jan
Athulcy ". John Athcrley, non-sup
The Spokane press. [volume] (Spokane, Wash.) 1902-1939, 1903-11-17

port; granted. Edgar O. johnson VS..
Margaret X. johnson, cruel and mhu.
man treatment; granted,
October 10 Priscilla Blanchard VS..
Lawrence Blanchard, non-support;
granted. Martha A. Noble VS.. Alonzo
NJ, Noble, mons support; granted. iona
b, rerwillinger vs.. Dave W. Terwilh-
ger; granted. Emma Stambaugh vs..
John NJ, Stamhaugh; granted. Morris
NJ. Knight VS.. Sarah l.. Knight, aban-
donment; granted.
October 27--Anne \. Rean vs.. Will
liam o, Bean, cruelty; decree.
November 2-kate Kitchener VS.,
Clarence Michener; alimony. Alice
johnson VS.. Joseph b, johnson; grant
ed
November 0-James Jansen VS.. vii
hemina Jansen, abandonment; grant
ed. Maud Davies VS.. Lewis Davies
cruelty; granted. Minnie Martin vs.
Albert Martin; decree denied.
November l0-Georglana Parsons VS.
Thomas w. Parsons, non-support
granted.
November l3-F NJ. Chase Va. Zeld
NJ. Chase; granted. Olive A. Whittier
VS.. George IL, Written; granted.
The Spokane press. [volume] (Spokane, Wash.) 1902-1939, 1903-11-17

again, shared money. with a lad and
went on a trip to Seattle-and finally
stole the teachers purse.
The Press thinks that Mrs. Chris
Jensen should be allowed to keep her
own boy and raise him, properly
away from prison influences. He is
only II, mere baby. No doubt th9re
is a great deal of good in him, al
though thus far his energies may
have been misdirected.
The Press is confirmed in this opin-
ion by pleasant letter from
mother. urging Mrs. Christensen s
cause
Editor Press: why not ask a petit
ton from the mothers Of Spokane
ask them to write to you. If only
postal card, to urge the Judge to al
low Willie Christensen to remain
The Spokane press. [volume] (Spokane, Wash.) 1902-1939, 1903-11-17
President Elliott and Party
Passed Through This
Morning

hour the party had no time to look
over the city and the president stated
that he would lay over here on the
return trip. Said President Elliott:
From what little time l have had
to look over the line l believe it one
of the best in the country, and ira
versing as it does, such rich terri
tory, l appreciate its value more and
more as the trip extends. l have no
ticed many places where I must stop
on the return trip. and among them
is Spokane. as l understand it Is a
city with great resources, which i'll
be interesting to see"
Charles S. Fee, general passenger
agent for the company. left the party
here and returned to St. Paul on the
noon train. Mr.. Fee is anything of
not original. When approached by a
Press representative this morning he
promptly told of the Numerous inter
views he had given out on the trip,
The Spokane press. [volume] (Spokane, Wash.) 1902-1939, 1903-11-17
Cuban Bill In House.

WASHINGTON, Nov. 1.-THE COM
mittee of the whole house today con-
sidered the Cuban matter.
Knapp was the first speaker. lie
urged the enactment on the ground
that it was obligatory upon congress to
maintain national honor.
Stevens of Indiana, republican, made
the first speech in opposition to the
bill. He said the passage of the meas
ure invited commercial was on the
part Jf Europe and would narrow for
eign sharkets and decrease our foreign
trade,
The Spokane press. [volume] (Spokane, Wash.) 1902-1939, 1903-11-17

In a RAID last night which was made
by Detectives Burns and Briley in the
hope that they would uncover the
fence for large quantity of silks
tolen from Spokane dry goods stores
within the last weeks, Minnie Brooks,
a young white woman, was arrested
and she was booked at the police sta
ton on the charge of keeping an
opium joint, instead of receiving
stolen goods.
The woman was caught at NM
Sprague avenue. "A respectable lodg
ing house, where she secured accom-
mediation several 6tys ago.
At the time the officers entered the
room was filed with opium fumes.
The Spokane press. [volume] (Spokane, Wash.) 1902-1939, 1903-11-17
Turks Worsted.

CONSTANTlNOPLE, Nov. IA re.
port today says fight occurred be-
tween Albanians and Turks in the
Sohileb mountains, Albania. The Turk
ish commander sent post haste for re
Inducements. Cause of the outbreak
is unkonwn.
The Spokane press. [volume] (Spokane, Wash.) 1902-1939, 1903-11-17
STEPS BACK INTO
POWER ONCE MORE

caused Luis Wos y Gil to be declared
president.
Jiminez went to New York and then
to Paris. where he laid plans for new
revolution. Early last spring he lan1-
ed on the island and fighting has been
fast and furious ever since. Vasquez
seems to have disappeared, and Pres'-
dent Wos Gil finally threw up the
sponge and sought refuge in the Ger
man consulate Jiminez will, there
fore, run things until the next revola'
! ton is pulled off.
The Spokane press. [volume] (Spokane, Wash.) 1902-1939, 1903-11-17

Howard Elliott, the new president
OF the Northern Pacific, and party ar
rived in the city at o'clock this
morning An special train of five
cars. They formed jolly crowd. as
the western trip is not so much one
of inspection as one in which it is
proposed the president will be given
n heeting view of the different points
of interest.
In the party are: Vice President
]. II. Hannaford, Acting Engineer
Pearson, General Manager Thomas
Cooper, General Superintendent f.
w. Gilbert, Comptroller H. A. Gray,
General Passenger Agent Charles s.
Fee. Assistant Superintendent Rich
ards, Land Commissioner w. H..
Phipps, Right OF Way Agent Fernald
and some superintendents of the line.
The party was joined here by Super
intendent 4. Beamer of this division.
Owing to the stop here Of only an
The Spokane press. [volume] (Spokane, Wash.) 1902-1939, 1903-11-17

NEW YORK, Nov. T.-General
Juan Jimnez has recovered control Of
the government of San Domingo, after
several months struggle. Jiminez was
made president after the assassination
of President Heureaux in 1899. In
July, 1902, after a two-week revolution
led by Vice President Horatio Vas
quez, Jiminez was forced to flee to a
French ship. Vasquez was really the
dictator of the island republic, but ne
The Spokane press. [volume] (Spokane, Wash.) 1902-1939, 1903-11-17
THOUSANDS OF POLICE
GUARD STREET CARS

CHICAGO, Nov. IA crisis in the
strike is on today. The union pickets
this morning attempted to intercept a
wagon load of supplies and bedding
which the. company intended to land at
the barns. They were fired upon by
the wagon drivers. A number of the
company's detectives following the
wagon in carriages whipped out their
revolvers and joined in the chase. The
pickets fed presumably uninjured. The
police are again augmented, 1900 in all,
more than five-eighths of the entire
force guarding the company's lines
The Spokane press. [volume] (Spokane, Wash.) 1902-1939, 1903-11-17
Against Poiygamy.

WASHINGTON, Nov. lin The
senate remonstrances against Smoot re
tanning his seat We're sent TO the clerk
desk in great quantities this morning
Penrose, Depew and Teller, each pre-
sented batch,
The senate adjourned after confirm
ing the appointment of Lyman, post
master at st, Louis, and several others
The Spokane press. [volume] (Spokane, Wash.) 1902-1939, 1903-11-17
Quiet In Panama.

WASHINGTON, Nov. T-Consul
Gudger of Panama cables the state de-
paltment today as fellows:
"All officials of the former depart
ment of Panama are now supporting
the republic. Sentiment is unanimous
Life and property are fully protected
The commissioner from Colombia ar
rived at Colon, where he will be met
by the Panama commissioners"
The Spokane press. [volume] (Spokane, Wash.) 1902-1939, 1903-11-17
New Corporations.

Articles OF incorporation of the
Marine and Domestic Coal company
were filed with the county auditor to-
day, indicating capital stock of
81, 500, 600 In 81 shares. The trustees
named as II. G, Lougee. Clara Lougee,
Il. Naylor, George +. Cragin and Nj,
{. Hunter The company IL to do a
properties.
The Spokane press. [volume] (Spokane, Wash.) 1902-1939, 1903-11-17
With the Tools.

Charles Neugbancr was arrested at
Front avenue and Washington street
by Detective McDermott this alter
noon and was found to be loaded 'dowI
with chisels. bits, glass cutter and
other tools, which he claimed to have
found.
lie was booked at the station as
suspect.
The Spokane press. [volume] (Spokane, Wash.) 1902-1939, 1903-11-17
Flrenen on Trial.

Robert Reynolds and Peter Schilling,
young men attached to No. fire sta
ton, are on trial before the board of
city commissioners this afternoon on
the charge of having forgot their
pledges aud promises to the city to the
extent of getting drunk and entering
into irec-for-al fist fight last night
Each appeared before the board with
blackened eyes and swollen faces.
The Spokane press. [volume] (Spokane, Wash.) 1902-1939, 1903-11-17
Green's Funeral.

NEW YORK. Nov. 1.-THE funeral
of Philanthropist Green occurred today.
After services at the Presbyterian
church the body was forwarded on a
funeral train to Worcester. Mass,
where it will be inferred. An immense
cortege with hundreds of prominent
citizens were present, including Mayor
Low, with delegations from all depart
ments~of the municipal government.
The Spokane press. [volume] (Spokane, Wash.) 1902-1939, 1903-11-17

Thousands of these are on the Cottage
Grove line, where five cars were sent
out this morning.
The trip was made without incident
for the trains were following the mai
car At the same time % Wentworth
avenue cars were being run and street
railway officials declared when police
protection is given them other lines
will be resumed.
Sympathizing teamsters in large num-
bers made many attempts to blockade
and the police in all cases are quick to
arrest the drivers.
The Spokane press. [volume] (Spokane, Wash.) 1902-1939, 1903-11-17
To Clear Title.

f. c. Payne and wife have COM
menced suit against J. A. LOOMS and
a number of other defendants to clear
title to property comprising block %
of West Grove addition, which is
across Hangman creek, on Second ave-
The Spokane press. [volume] (Spokane, Wash.) 1902-1939, 1903-11-17

INDIANAPOLIS, Nov, l7.--Ninc
hundred packers of Kinkan's plant will
strike tomorrow morning for m,reas-
ed wages. They also object to addi-
tional importation Of HurEarians, more
than 800 of whom were brought and
placed in the plant with the month.
The Spokane press. [volume] (Spokane, Wash.) 1902-1939, 1903-11-17
Football Players.

The Missoula football team arrived
over the Northern Pacific today OF
their way TO Moscow, Idaho. where
they play the Univerdsity of Idaho
tomo9ow. They are a fast looking lot
The following is the lineup: Harmer
+. e..t Paul Greenugh, +. g.; Messen.
ger, r.. t.; Handenberg, C.; Corbin.
e; Captain Craig, |. g.; Williams. |. t.,
Walters, |. h b.; Hay, r. h. b.; Curtis
O. b.; Murphy f. b.; Substitutes, Leo
and Eearl Greenough. Birchouse, Naf
ton. johnson, Farrell, McPhail.
The Spokane press. [volume] (Spokane, Wash.) 1902-1939, 1903-11-17
Cold Waves Embrace

CHICAGO, Nov. 1.-THE mercury
fell % degrees last night, Zero wealth
er is predicted today. Reports show
the Dakotas. Wisconsin, Minnesota,
Iowa, Nebraska. Kansas, Illinois in the
embrace of cold wave.
The Spokane press. [volume] (Spokane, Wash.) 1902-1939, 1903-11-17
City News.

r. NJ. Schick of Palouse Is at the
Victoria.
c. W. Mccoy of Sprague Is at the
Cadillac.
ID. j. Gent of Colville is at the
Victoria
w. j. Reynolds of Minneapolis is
at the Pacific
j. NJ. Bell of Fairfield Is at the
Cadillac.
w. 7. Cheney of Dassell, Mimi, is
at the Cadillac.
Senator Mantz of Colvine is at the
Grand.
j. j. Donovan of Hope, Idaho. is
at the Cadillac.
Mrs. w. S. Holmes and daughter of
| Odessa are at the Pacific.
The Spokane press. [volume] (Spokane, Wash.) 1902-1939, 1903-11-17
Detective Expenses.

The city detectives have applied to
the city council Cor an allowance OF
$40 per month each for expenses con-
nected with working up cdses.
Practically all cities allow such ex'
pense accounts from the detectives.
The Spokane press. [volume] (Spokane, Wash.) 1902-1939, 1903-11-17
'K|SH|NEFF QUESTION:
BOBS UP ONCE AGAIN

The whole Kishineff affair will be re-
viewed and program of action Tor the
future defined.
The Spokane press. [volume] (Spokane, Wash.) 1902-1939, 1903-11-17
Robbed a Bank.

LYONS. Neh,, Nov. l7.-Robbers
went through the vault of the First
National bank last night and succeeds
ed in getting away with 5000.
The Spokane press. [volume] (Spokane, Wash.) 1902-1939, 1903-11-17
Had Some Money.

r. L. Rutter, John A. Finch and c.
II. Moore, appraisers of the estate Of
the late Isaac Newton Campbell, have
filed their report in which they state
that the deceased left no real estate,
but did have $425l.75 in money on hand
at the time of death, together with
mining stock, the principal items OF
which are $40 900 of the Kendall Gold
Mining company and 800 of the Pal
mer Mountain.
The Spokane press. [volume] (Spokane, Wash.) 1902-1939, 1903-11-17
Officers Elected.

CINCINNATI, Nov. l7.-AIrs. Ste
vens was unanimously reelected pres
ident OF the Temperance union this
morning over six other candidates. Miss
Gordon was unanimously reelected vice
president, as also was Corresponding
Secretary Mrs. Fry.
The Spokane press. [volume] (Spokane, Wash.) 1902-1939, 1903-11-17
Will Be Very Fast.

GLASGOW, Nov. 1.-THE Allen
Steamship company is reported to have
placed an order with Clyde builders
for a l2,000-ton steamer, fitted with
turbine engines. for the Liverpool
Montreal service.
The Spokane press. [volume] (Spokane, Wash.) 1902-1939, 1903-11-17
Gone Back to Work.

CINCINNATI, Nov. 1.-Two thirds
of the butchers have won their points
and returned to work today. Fifteen
packing plants have opened and ten
others are still idle.
The Spokane press. [volume] (Spokane, Wash.) 1902-1939, 1903-11-17

Seattle.-In the case of four men
caught playing poker together Proset
cutting Attorney Scott holds that the
act is not felony, the men not MAIN
tanning game or device.
The Spokane press. [volume] (Spokane, Wash.) 1902-1939, 1903-11-17

j. w. King of Portland is at the
Pacific.
The Spokane press. [volume] (Spokane, Wash.) 1902-1939, 1903-11-17

Boomers Ferry, Idaho.-Rancher
Ryan yesterday killed a large noun
tain lion about eight miles from
town
The Spokane press. [volume] (Spokane, Wash.) 1902-1939, 1903-11-17

II. T. Collins of Burke is in the city
today.
The Spokane press. [volume] (Spokane, Wash.) 1902-1939, 1903-11-17

A. F. Seeley of Newport is stopping
at the Cadillac.
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1903-11-07
Notice to Hunters.

All persons are forbidden to enter
upon my lands at any place in Washoe
Valley. Washoe county, New, in search
OF ducks or other game, before the
first day of October, and then only "
special permit in writing from me. No
permit will be granted to any person
under 20 years of age and to NO per-
sons not known to be Of good reputa-
ton and having a sense of right and
honor not to cut or break down my
fences. shoot my live stock or to other
wise injure or destroy my property.
Any person caught trespassing upon
my lands or fnjuring my property. con-
trary to this notice or my permit, will
be prosecuted to the full extent of tn
law. NOW TAKE NOTICE AND BE
WARE.
| Applications by letter for permits
to hunt on my land must be accompa
MED by stamp and envelope to answer
reply.
These permits are not transferable;
any party transferring the same will
lose the same and party using then
Will be prosecuted for trespassers.
THEODORE WINTERS.
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1903-11-07
For Sale.

A desirably located property. COM
prisfng cottage Of six rooms. besides
bathroom and large cemented celler.
Also adjacent thereto an ONCE Of three
rooms. together with sundry out build
ings such as wood shed, servants bed
room, store house, stable and carriage
house, all in good condition and OF
modern improvements. and all sur
rounded by twenty of the finest shade
trees in the city.
For further information, call on or
address DR.. Fox. Carson City. New.
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1903-11-07
Excursion Rates.


Commencing on the 18th of Sep
tember and daily thereafter until Nov.
ember goth, colonists tickets will be
sold at the same rates and from
the same points as were in effect last
spring.
From Chicago to San Francisco. 1913 5O
From st Louis to San Francisco. 30 W
From Kansas City to San Fran
CISCO ............. 90 W
From Omaha to San Francisco. Is O0
Stop overs will be given in Nevada
For further particulars apply to Sou
thern Pacific agents.
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1903-11-07

Beginning with one week from to-
morrow. Sunday, the Palace Bakery
will be in readiness to supply patrons
with baked pork and beans. to be de-
livered each Sunday morning. It will
be necessary to order the evening ~
toe~ N l e