The independent. [volume] (Lincoln, Neb.) 1902-1907, 1903-07-23

BY Dr.. II. S. Alley. Lincoln. N.b.


4 Morgan shows that government I'm,
der savagery and barbarism passed
through three stages, the first stage
or form being council of chiefs
elected by the members of the gems
the second was government co-ordi.
mated between council of chiefs and
a general military commander, one
representing. the civil and the other
| me military functions of government.
Both the council and chiefs were
elected by the members of the gems.
The third stage was form of gov
eminent that was composed of coun-
CT. OF chiefs, an assembly of the peo-
PIE and general military commander,
VINO, toward the end of gentle society,
evolved into king.
The Spaniards took the Aztec con-
federacy for monarchy but in this
they were mistaken. These peonle
We're in the second stage of barbarism
ana the gems of the Aztecs held their
iands IN common. Montezuma. the
supposed klngsa or monarch, was SIM
ply the general military commander of
the Aztec confederacy. This confed-
eracy was composed of three tribes
and was governed by council Of
chiefs and general military COM
mander Each of these. three tribes
was supreme in the administration of
It's own local affairs: in fact, stood iii
much the same relation to the con-
1ederacy as do our states to the fed
eral government.
In primitive society, the gems was
prior to the phratry, the phratry to
the tribe and the tribe to the confed-
eracy, The, phratry was. the unit of
worship, also the unit OF, military or
SANITATION. While the general mill
.ary commander was at. first elected
py the members of the tribes. for life
usually, after time the office became
hereditary in one particular. gems
nence it was but short step to mon
aIchy. When discovered by the Snan-
lards, the custom of the Aztecs was
20 erect their general military COM
m l1sandr from the Aztec tribe. bur tl1e
power OF .electing their Commander
had already passed from the hands
9 me people, into the hands Of the
council Of chiefs, who. in turn, was
supposed to represent their respective
pnratrles. The general military com
! mander could, take no decisive stem
Wllhout .nrst consulting the council of
ehie e This council. had the power to
oppose its head or military comman-
uer and elect his successor.
Ihelr form of government was
mlodlhed military. democracy. as the
council OF chiefs was elected nv a oan~
eral council of the more ;nt,nant;al
psople Inc Peruvians when con-
auered by Pizarro was in about the
same status of barbarism as the
Az.ecs When conquered by Cortez.
Asiue from the Aztecs, all the other
aDorlgines of North America in. tho
nIteenth and sixteenth centuries wara
~ the last stage of savagery ard tho
mIst and second stage of barhar;sm |
Inc form Of government in All wac
much the same. At this time several
eoEfederacies had already been formed
tne more prominent of which were as
loiioWs. The Iroquois, composed OF
I'VE tribes; the Creeks, composed Of
SIX tribes; the Ottawa composed of
three TRIES; the Dakota League COM
posed or seven council fires. and the
Moque. in New Mexico. composed of
seven pueblos Ali these were mill
airy aemocraeies, in which the mem
yers OF the gems ultimately ruled. The
ligHer tney were in the scale of de-
feiopment the nearer they approached
ne types found in Mexico and peru
inder such chiefs as Montezuma and
ne incas. These two confederacies
we're rapidly approaching the same
rage OF social development when dis
covered by the Spaniards as was Rome
u the time of Romulus. B. c. 75a
IND Greece under the leadership Of
solon. B. G. 594.
'RREECE UNDER GENTILEIsM
IN primitive Greece. the same nc
linong the aborigines OF North and
'cuth America, the gems was the nnit
7 the social system, not the family
9 many suppose. Under gentle soc;e,
the family was not and could not
e q unit. as the husband and wife
ave In rare exceptions. belonged 10
ifferent gems.
At the time of Scion. descent wac IN
he male line; the property of 4 Do ,
eased citizen went to his gems as. nm J
er gentileisn., he could not will II tn ,
n u. -