davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1903-02-22
CODE TO SET FORTH
THE LAWS OF PRECEDENCE,

SPECIAL BY CABLE TO THE NEW YORK
HERALD THE ST. LOUIS REPUBLIC.
Paris. Feb. 2l.-tCopyright. 1893. )-Prece-
dence privileges, which were abolished at
exptent by Napoleon when Emperor, ard
since then have undergone certain modifi-
cations. sanctioned merely by custom. THE
Premier has now appointed d committee to
draw up a new code, setting forth the com
plete laws of precedence, to bring Napo-
Icons rules into harmony with present Gus
toms and modern requirements.
1t is not proposed to make any radical
changes.
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1903-02-22
CRUELTY TO ANIMALS
MUST CEASE IN PARIS.

SPECIAL BY CABLE To THE NEw YORK
HERALD N THE ST. LOUIS REPUBLIC.
Paris, Feb. 21.-(Copyright, 1So3.)-Amer-
leans who visit Paris in the summer. and
whose feelings are narrowed by exhibitions
of cruelty to animals TO such an extent
that they get into alteration with the
"%jehus," may derive satisfaction from the
apparent intention to enforce the penalties
attached by the Grammont law for cruelty
to animals. These consist of a fine varying
from ) to Is francs and Imprisonment from
one to five days.
Posters have been placarded on the walls
of Paris calling attention to the strict orders
issued by the police to see that the law is
strictly enforced in Paris and the Provinces.
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1903-02-22
ROzE AIRSHIP BROKEN UP
BY ORDER OF STOCKHOLDERS,

SPECIAL BY CABLE TO H NEW YORK
HERALD N THE ST. Jul REPUBLIC.
Paris. Feb. 2l.-(Copyright, 1903l-N.
Roze's airship has this week been brok-
en- up.
The shareholders in the company which
financed NJ. RoZe saw no other means of
preventing endless expense. NJ. RozS was
most indignant, and Is taking legal proceed
ings. The airShip was to cost 10000. but
absorbed three times that amount.
NJ. RoZe attributes the length of time &C.
cupied In the construction of the Aviator to
the fact that funds were given him irregu-
larry, and after the stipulated date. He has.
however. still faith in his capability Of solv-
ing the problem of aerial locomotion.
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1903-02-22
WCER0Y OF IRELAND IS
AN ARDENT SPORTSMAN.

SPECIAL BY CABLE TO THE NEW YORK
ERA AND H ST. LOUIS REPUBLIC.
London, Feb. 2~1.-(Copyright. 1903. )-Lord
Dudley is organizing a great golfng carni-
val, to be held at Easter on the inks at
Portmarnock and Dollymount, both ada
cent to the Irish capital. Most of the lead
ing amateurs. as well as such professionals
as Herd, Vardon, Taylor, Braid. Fernie.
nous French player. are to take part in it.
His excellency. who is very popular with
all classes of sportsmen in the Emerald
ing, golf and automobiling. He is having
a private golf pavilion built for himself at
Portmarnock.
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1903-02-22

ford and Cambridge received a challenge to-
day from Yale and Harvard, for a joint ath-
letic meeting. These meetings entail a
heap of work. as far as training IL con-
crrned. and the authorities of Oxford and
Z ambridge are none too Keen on allowing
1neir charges more than their ordinary time
to indulge In these sports.
1t is also felt that, in the event Of the
Americans coming over here, 1t would be
send out a team for a return match. and
this Is unlikely to happen.
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1903-02-22
PRINCESS HENRY OF PLESs
ATTACKED MY MEASLES.

HERALD N THE ST. LOUIS REPUBLIC
London. Feb. ~H.-(Copyright, 1900, ~
Of the most beautiful women included In
the Niceregal house party In Dublin was
Princess Henry of Pless. UNFORTUNATELY.
she was prevented from going for most ~.
moving reason. being seized with an attsck
of the measles.
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1903-02-22
CABLE NEWS FROM EUROPE TO THE REPUBLIC
o SAYS PRINCESS LOUISE WROTE q
q LOVE LETTERS TO A DENTIST. Q

o SPECIAL BY CABLE 4
. Dresden. Feb. 2l.-The wife of n q
O prominent dentist of this city 4
. brought suit to-day to have her .
. marriage ties severed. She alleges 9
. that recently she found in the pock- .
= cts OF her husbands clothing sew 4
. eral love letters. which she claims Z
q were written to him by the Crown =
q Princess Louise, who eloped a short q
D time ago with NJ. Andrew Giron. a Z
q French tutor, and who has been di- q
o vorced by the Crown Prince and de- .
. prved of her title. with all the priv q
q iieges of rank. q
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1903-02-22
HOW AMERICAN GIRLS HAVE
WON HIGH FAVOR IN EUROPE.

Mrs. George CORVALLIS West, Better Known as Lady Randolph
I Churchill, Declares Their Wonderful Adaptabiity Has En-
abled Them to Disarm Criticism and Take IN Exalted
Position in the Best Society in England and
on the Continent.
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1903-02-22
OXFORD AND CAMBRIDGE ARE
CHALLENGED BY AMERICANS,

SPECIAL BY TO THE NEW YoRK
HERALD AND THE ST. LOUIS REPUBLIC.
London. Feb. 21.-(Copyright, 1sO3.)-Ox-
The Evening statesman. [volume] (Walla Walla, Wash.) 1903-1910, 1903-08-29
COMING EVENTS.

Annual Methodist conference
Spokane, September 2.
Presbytery, Spokane September &c
Washington National Guard en-
campment, near American lake, Sep
TENDER 1923.
Convention of County Superin
tendents, Olympia, September $3.50
Pacific Coast Fire Chiefs, Olym
pia, September 1926.
Southern Oregon Pioneer reunion
Ashland. September 8.
Oregon State Convention of Min
ing Men, Portland, September 7.
Fairs. CarnivaIs, Etc.
Regatta, Tacoma, September 6.
Carnival Walla Walla, Augusta
September 5.
Washington State Fair, North Va
kima, September 2S-October 8.
Interstate Fair, Spokane, October
5-13.
Whitman County Fair, Davenport
October 12-17
Interstate Fair, Lewiston, October
1851.
Interstate Fair, Moscow, Septem
Der 29-OctOber 2.
International Fair races, Boise
October 12-17.
Gun Tourney, Lewiston, November
40
Oregon State Fair, Salem, Sep
TENDER 14-19
Second Southern Oregon District
Fair, Eugene, September 29-Octobel
g.
Harvey County Fair, Burns, Ore.
September 1920.
Races, Antelope, Ore, September
1919.
Stock exhibit ana race meet. Port
land September 21-26
The Evening statesman. [volume] (Walla Walla, Wash.) 1903-1910, 1903-08-29

What Trib Has Done for Others 1t
Viii! Do For You.

Big Lew" Foster. (owner of many
race horses and known all over the
Pacific coast writes on July 10, 1902,
and verifes the first letter on Feb
ruary 2, 1903. Read them:
Il was a slave to. whiskey and Gig
arettes for II years. | commenced
il June taking 'Trib.' When l COM
menced I weighed 276 pounds, ana
was almost helpless. 'Trib' has sure
ly cured me of both habits. Signed,
L. F. FOSTER"
February 2, 1903, Mr.. Foster writes
again. Here it is. This is only one
Of the many letters We have-volun-
tarily Sent to us:
Please find draft for $50. Send
me one dozen treatments of IT'D. l
took 'Trib' myself last June and new
er felt better in my life than | do
now. | have gone down in weight
to 195 pounds, and never think of
using either liquor or tobacco any
more. | know of Is cures. You can
get references from most of them if
YOU care to write. I enclose names.
Sincerely yours. L. F. FOSTER.
Price per treatment $3.50. For
sale by all druggists
The Evening statesman. [volume] (Walla Walla, Wash.) 1903-1910, 1903-08-29
ACCUSES HIS NEiGHBORS

Iowa City, Iowa, Aug. pa posi-
BILE attempt at murder is alleged by
John Konechny, a farmer of Jeffer
son township, Johnson county. He
preferred the charge today against a
neighbor, Wesley Gregor, by whom
he swears, shotgun was discharged
at Mrs. Konechny and her children.
The complainant says Gregor fired
a load of birdshot at the woman and
children. as they sat in their own
yard. One shot passed through tne
hat of young Konechny, but the
others lodged in the house. Oregon
will be arrested today, as the Off
Ger has gone to the country with a
warrant.
The Evening statesman. [volume] (Walla Walla, Wash.) 1903-1910, 1903-08-29
GAVE HIS LIFE FOR ANOTHER.

Deadwood, S. D., Aug 29.-The
Lucky Strike Mining company lost
its shafthouse by fire last week. At
ter the fire it was found that part of
the machinery had fallen down the
shaft. Henry Meter, one Of the en-
ployes of the company, volunteered
10 go into the mine and bring the
machinery up.
When at the bottom he became IN
conscious and Fred w. Floormann
The Evening statesman. [volume] (Walla Walla, Wash.) 1903-1910, 1903-08-29

Second Eastern Oregon District
Fair The Dalles, September 21-26.
klamath County Fair, klamath
Falls, Ore, October g..
Crook County Jockey Club meet
Prineville, Ore. October 1929.
Lincoln County Fair, Toledo, Ore.
September 1912.
Grangeville Qdaho) Street Fair
September 30-October 4.
September 80 and October l, 2
and 8. street fair at Grangeville.
The Evening statesman. [volume] (Walla Walla, Wash.) 1903-1910, 1903-08-29

ing, of Carpenters; N Nicholson. OF
BARRIERS; Thos. Mason, Of Printers
T. Shaffer, of Horseshoers; Fred
Rayhorn, of Transfers; Archie Nc
Daniels, Of Plasteres; Geo. O'Neil
of Plumbers.
Gen. Committee:-J. G. FoOr, w
G. Christy, T. Shaffer, F G Hester
The Evening statesman. [volume] (Walla Walla, Wash.) 1903-1910, 1903-08-29

Sharp-featured wnman-NO;
haven't anything to give to tramps.
Eaton Jogalong with a low bow
Next time | do myself the honor of
calm on ye, ma'am, I'll come in my
autymObul
The Evening statesman. [volume] (Walla Walla, Wash.) 1903-1910, 1903-08-29
A Guaranteed Cure for Piles.

Itching Blind. Bleeding or Protrud-
ing Piles. Your druggist will refund
your money if PAZO OINTMENT
fails tC cure you. so cents.
The Evening statesman. [volume] (Walla Walla, Wash.) 1903-1910, 1903-08-29

Gerald-You remember 'u''
bet me a kiss on the slec'lO. =.
aldine-Yes, but l und7i'' -;
an official count Will be ~ ri
decide the result GeralO
pay the bet now. anu Il " IN
later that | have VOL >
me back.
The Evening statesman. [volume] (Walla Walla, Wash.) 1903-1910, 1903-08-29

Are you acquainted with Mrs.
Tubby?" Yes, we have a passing &C
quaintance.' "Oh, as much as that?''
Yes. We were at the same card
table once. She passed and so did
l."
The Evening statesman. [volume] (Walla Walla, Wash.) 1903-1910, 1903-08-29

the foreman, wentto Te'cu'
F1oormann tied a lope aTouI' \
zer's body and the men ~
brought the young man TO ~ y.
face. Floormann then s'''t :,
climb up but was overcome M
gas and fell backward TO '17 ~
When he was bropht to the ID =,
it was found he lad been
lated.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1903-02-08

hands Of the temperance committee.
1t was stated yesterday afternoon that
the resubmissionists would make an
attempt to call the bill from the SEN
ate committee on Monday and act
upon it. If this is done, there will
doubtless be another merry scrap.
Some of the prohibitionists say their
generalship was bad yesterday and
that they might, had they remaiped
one or two more roll c;lls. have dis
posed Of the matter. Motions for a
call of the house, they say. the
speaker could have refused to enter
tain as dilatory motions, and the con-
sideratiOn of the matte: could have
been reached. But the motion to adj
journ was carried, AMI the battle was
over before some o. tha members real
lied that they had been outgeneraled
and the consideration OF the matter de-
layed until next week.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1903-02-08
iRELAND'S TITLES VALID.
Minnesota Supreme Court Decides In.
portant Land Cases.

ST Paul, Feb. In the supreme
court during the day fifteen per curiam
decisions were filed in cases appealed
from Traverse and Big Stone counties
involving title to tracts of land. The
court in its decision afiirms the order
of the lower courts, basing the de.
cisions rendered by it in the case Ct
O'Connor VS. Gjertgens, which covers g
the same question.
Archbishop Ireland. in carrying out
plan of colonization. made conJrac,
with the st. Paul. Minneapolis an i
Manitoba Railroad company in 1880 by
which he was given the right until
1881 to place settlers upon the lands
and to make sales to parties desiring
to settle on the same. Under this
contract, Archbishop Ireland sold anG
located large number of settlers on
the lands.
In March, 1888. he entered into {,
second contract which recited the first
one. and further stated that the rail
road company had not obtained title
to the lands.
The cases decided by the supreme
court were those brought by grantee
Of Archbishop Ireland against those
who were occupying the lands for
which patents had been granted. Re-
sistance was made in the courts by the
"squatters' on the ground that the
patents granted to the archbishop
We're VOID, as re was not a bona fide
purchaser The lower courts held that
the patents granted to Mgr. lreland
Wee valid, and the supreme court III
firms this, following the decisio--
handed down a year or so ago in th
case of O'Connor VS.. Gjertgens.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1903-02-08
ALL RELATIONS BROKEN OFF
M. Giron ard Crown Princess of Sax
ony Separate.

Geneva. Feb THE legal adviser
of the former Crown Princess of Sax
ony has made the following announce
ment:
NJ. Giron will leave Geneva during
the evening for Brussels where n
Will join his family. NJ. Giron has
broken off all relations with ID
princess, in order not to impede tEc
reunion OF the princess with her Oh.
dren."
The sudden end of the royal romance
is said to be due to the refusal OF tn
Saxon court. influenced by Empegsr
Francis Joseph, TO consent to a.
vorce. 1t is reported that the prince
sought her fathers pardon IN order 10
get permission 10 see her children.
but was refused anything lnless 81
lett II. GiIon. Her lawyer visited
Dresden, but failed to get any oonceS-
sion beyond the offer of a small yearly
allowance.
On the return of her lawyer from.
Dresden prolonged interview be
tween the parties took place. in the
course OF which the princess. in tor
rent of tears, cried
Il must see my poor children
again
Her parting with NJ. Giron is said
Ito have been very affecting.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1903-02-08
BITTEN BY A MAD DOG.
Young Iowa Couple Under Treatmen.
in Chicago.

Chicago, Feb 7-Mr and Mrs. Per.y
II. Cleaning of Ames, Ia, bride and
groom Of a day, arrived in ChicasJ
during the day for treatment at the
Pasteur institute. Thursday night,
while walking at Ames, they were a.
tackled by a large dog, which bit bon
of them several times 1t was found
that the dog was mad, and Mr.. Gloan.-
ing and the young lady, who at that
time was Miss Georgia Glayson, deter
mined to come TO Chicago for treat
ment Before starting for this city.
however they decided that they
wished to live or die together and that
they would take the Pasteur treatment
at the same time. Accordingly, hasten
ing to a minister, they We're married,
and left for Chicago at once.
A first treatment made at the inst
tute promises well. and it is likely that
both of the young people will recover.
although they are by no means out of
Jn
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1903-02-08
DISPUTE BECOMES SERIOUS.
Brazil and Bolivia Threaten War Over
Acre.

Rio Janeiro Feb. 7.-The Acre dis
pute between Brazil and Bolivia is be
coming more serious. Dispatches re
ceived here from Manaos. on the Rio
Negro, a branch of the Amazon, say
the Brazilian forces under Colonel
Ibanos have captured Puerto Alonzo
in Acre, where Bolivia has heretofore
maintained a custom house. The
Brazilians captured 800 prisoners and
took them to Manaoa. where they We're
released by the governor.
The correspondence on the subject
of Acre published here consisting of
letters exchanged between the Brazil
ian foreign minister and the Brazilian
minister to Bolivia. indicates that an
offer of arbitration was made by Brazil
to Bolivia. but President Pando of the
latter country declared that the only
arbitration possible was the marching
of troops to Acre. Brazil, therefore,
determined to send a strong force of
troops southwark and occupy the dis
puted region. after first notifying Peru.
which also claims part of Acre.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1903-02-08
CARTRIDGES EXPLODE.
Driver Of Government Arsenal Wagon
6cWn to Atoms.

Philadelphia. Feb Peter Mccall
laShan, an cmploye of the United
States arsenal at Frankford, su-
burb. was blown to atoms, and Joseph
Hunter another employe, was severe
y injured by the explosion of deto-
mating cartridges. Ida Hall. a young
woman, was cut by flying glass while
seated in her home. More than 100
panes of glass were shattered By the
explosion. McCallaghan was convey
ing cartridges from the arsena! to the
railroad station in wagon and the
man, horse and wagon were torn to
fragments.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1903-02-08
EcRAf'nic BR-ViTieS.

syndicate has discovered deposits
Of tin six miles from Cape Town.
The progress OF King Edward tc-
ward recovery continues satisfactory
President Roosevelt is suffering frorn
Gently.
Lazy Henry Gordon-Lennox. who
had heen seriously III for some time,
died !Friday N London.
Raiph .Iilbanke the British min
lister pienipotent.ary at Vienna, died
suddenlg Friday Of heart disease
Colonel A. J. Gordon, aged eighty
years a Civil war veteran ana one OF
the first settlers of Wright county is
dead at Hagtsville, No.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1903-02-08
SULTAN OF TURKEY ORDERS THE
MOBILIZATION OF AN IN.
MENSE ARMY.
REQUISiTlNNS TRANSPORTS
Orcer Calls for the Assembling Of Two
Hundred and Forty Thousand Men
to Reinforce the Second and Third
Army Corps at Adrianople, Salonil:a
ard Along the Bulgarian Frontier.
Ccmp!icates Macedonian Question.

Pa,is. Feb. 1.-THE correspondent OF
the Figaro at Philipopolis telegraphs
that the sultan has ordered the mobl-
lzation OF 100000 men and has
requsitioned all the steamers of the
ld2Iei Massousieh company to trans
port these troops, who are TO reinforce
the Second and Third army corps at
Adrianople. Salonika and along the
Bulgarian frontier
Commenting on this dispatch, the
Figaro says this action on the part of
the sultan greatly complicates the sit
uation in Macedonia. Diplomacy will
have great difficulty in solving without
accident this new phase of the East
eln question, which has exhausted all
efforts for the past 200 years.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1903-02-08
RUSSIAN ADMIRALTY ACTIVE
Making Inquiries as to Facilities for
Carrying Troops.

Sebastopol. Russia. Feb THE
Russian admiralty recently has made
inquiries as to the troop-carrying ca
pacity OF the EuXine squadron of
transports. the volunteer fleet OF cru!s-
ers and the vessels a the Russian
navigation companies.
This action is presumed to be cCr-
nected with the Mac edonian situation
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1903-02-08
THE SENATE.

The session of the senate was brief,
members adjournipg to watch the re-
submission battle in the house which
was the center. of interest.
The following routine business was
transacted before The adjournment:
Curative Act
Chairman Newton of the Cass coun-
ty board of commissioners, presented
request for the passage of a cura-
tive tax act, which the Cass county
states attorney recommends.
Reported to Pass.
The following bills were reported to
pass:
House Bill No. q. relating to es-
trays.
Senate Bill No. IS. state board of
health bill.
House Bill No. 81, qualifications of
assistant pharmacists.
House Bill No. SO, registration of ap-
prentices in pharmacy
House Bill No. "A. boundary of Ward
and Williams counties.
Senate Bill No. 81, county treasur-
ers bond
Senate Bill No 116, acknowledge
ment by deputies.
House Bill No. SO, receiving stolen
property
Senate Bill No. 90, obstructions to
telegraph and telephone lines.
House Bill No. 9 bonds for blind
asylum
Senate Bill No. 81. repeating law
ttnsr {ata g.,
imals.
Senate Bill No. a. protection of
game.
Senate Bill No 76. prohibiting sale
of cannon crackers. amended to make
maximum limit of size. half an inch in
diameter.
Senate Bill No. 100, village annual
elections.
Senate Bill No. IO1. Richland coun-
ty commissioner bill.
Senate Bill No. IS, right of way for
telephone lines.
Hale Bill Vetoeo
Governor White vetoed the Hale
bill. providing s66 900 bonds for the
state school for the deaf at Devils
Lake. The bill was vetoed because of
the fact that its title did not embrace
the subject matter of the bill and that
two separate and conflicting means
are provided for the payment of the
interest on the bonds.
Senator Hale prepared another bill
not open to the objections of the one
vetoed and it was presented in the
senate yesterday.
Approved
The governor approved Senate Bill
No. 13, relating to the settlement of
the affairs of corporation on dissolu-
ton
Concurred In.
The senate cOncurred in the house
amendments to Senate Bill No. IA.
Bills Introduced.
Senate Bill No. ;47, Lewis-Estab-
lishment of agricultural fair corpora.
tions.
Senate Bill No. 14S, Maln-To pro-
hlblt the sale or use of firearms or
shells by minors under fifteen.
Senate Bill No 149. Williams-To
provide for payment of costs of main
tanning insane patients at state hos
pital
Senate Bill No. $50. Wllllams-Oues-
ton to be answered before admission
of patient to insane hospital
Senate Bill No. 151. Hale-Issue of
bonds for state deaf school at Devils
Lake.
Senate Bill No. 1852. Crane-Reuuir-
ing fire. lightning or tornado insurance
agents to pay license fees.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1903-02-08
su HAMARA A PRISONER.
Moorish Pretender in the Hands OF
Rata Tribesme

Paris, Feb. IA dispatch from
Tangiers SAYS the Moorish pretender.
Bu Hamara is prisoner in the hands
OF the Rata tribesmen. who have of
feled to sell him to the sultan e.
Mennebhi. the Moorish minister of
war, is now negotiating with the Rata
tribe, and it is believed that the pre-
tender will be brought to Fez.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1903-02-08
LIBERAL PRESS SARCASTIC.
English Government to Blame if the
Alaskan Boundary Treaty Fails.

London, Feb. 7.-The announcement
from Washington that the United
States senate will not ratify the Alas
kan boundary treaty is attributed, in
some quarters. to the "exasperation
created in the United States by Eng
lands attitude on the Venezuelan
question" The Liberal organs char
acterize the breakdown Of the negotia.
tions. the success of which was trump
eted with such vigor by the minister
ial press, as another shock to the
prestige of the foreign office"
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1903-02-08
Noted MINING Authority Dead.

Deadwood. S. D., Feb. 7.-Charles
Hoxie, mining editor of the Lead Call
died in Deadwood of consumption.
aged forty-eight. He had been in the
Black Hills five years, coming from
California. where he was born He
was one Of the ablest mining men in
the conltry. ard had operated in all
parts of the world.