The independent. [volume] (Lincoln, Neb.) 1902-1907, 1903-12-31


government as against the states. But
he did not differ with reference to the
tariff. He thought that it was not
only wise and expedient to have pro-
tective tariff, but that it was con-
stitutional-in other words, that the
federal government had right, under
the constitution. to levy duties tor
protection as we'll as revenue.
Jefferson differed SO much from
Washington and Adams-the latter
being vice president under Washing
ton and then president-that he
thought it his duty to build a new
party, at which he worked during the
two terms of Washington and the
succeeding term of Adams. making
twelve years, AMI he was elected to
succeed Adams lin the year 1900, and
elected as republican; he called his
party republican party; he served
eight years and Madison was his sue
cessor and served eight years more
as republican president. AT the END
Of Madison's term, Monroe was elected
as another republican president and
served eight years more Here were
three republican presidents who each
served eight years, making twenty
four years of republican rule. Next
came John Quincy Adams who was
also elected Tin 1920 as republican;
although not elected by the people;
he was elected by the house Of repre-
scntatiyes, as Jefferson was elected
the first time. Adams (John Quincy
was the last republican president, and
his one term of four years, with the
preceding three terms Of eight years
each, made twenty-eight years of re-
publican rule, or, as you might cali ii,
Jefferson rule. At any rate, it was The
rule Of party founded by Jefferson
and his friends. And during all this
time Of twenty-eight years, we do not
hear of any opposition to protection,
until we come to the year 1924, when
senators and members of congress
were nearly equally divided on pro-
tective tariff bill of that year. Yet
there seems to have been no serious
agitation among the people. On the
contrary, it was a division Of opinion
among statesmen of that time as to
how high the duties ought to be for
the purpose of protection. There
was no serious dispute as to the prin-
ciple of protection. They all agreed
that protection, as principle, was a
sound doctrine. They differed only as
to schedules. by which the great prin-
ciple was to be applied.
Now, let it be remembered that
down to the year 1924 all our proIni-
nent statesmen (Webster excepted)
favored protection~-and that not UNI
til this year was there much debate,
IN or out of congress, as to the policy
of protection. Also let 1t be remem-
bered that about four years previous
to this there had been a great debate,
in congress and among the people, as
to the admission of the state of Mis-
souri, into the Union, the south want
ing the state to come In with slavery
and as a slave state, the north being
opposed to the admission of Missouri,
unless she came in as free state.
Let it also be remembered that in the
great debate as to the admission Of
Missouri in 1880 it was discovered that
there had been great change OF
opinion in the south as to the good
ness" of slavery, and that the people
of the south were determined to ex-
tend the peculiar institution in
stead of trying TO restrict it as the
fathers" had done.
Let it also be remembered that the
change of opinion in the south with
reference to slavery, also produced a
change of opinion with reference to
tariff and that the south, instead Of
being in favor of protection, soon be-
came in favor Of tariff for revenue
only" This is a matter of history
and 1t cannot be gainsaid. If any fur
Their proof is wanted. read the life of
John G. Calhoun. who was staunch
protectionist, almost The leader of
protectionism, until 1924 This man
In 1S2S-only four years after the de-
bate In congress on the tariff-came
out against protection and in favor of
free trade or tariff for revenue only.
Daniel Webster, on the other hand,
who had been a free trader all the
way along. came out for protective as
well as revenue tariffs Such was the
Influence OF free labor In the north
and slave labor In the south. III any
more evidence Is wanted. read the life