The sun., 1903-03-29

the Injunction 10 submit TO these govern
meuts, whether monarohioal or repubh-
democratic, In short, Whatever they may
be; and when that formula was Arst ex-
pressed Cesar's nams was Tberius.
This submission TO established power
is. In the FIRST place, q demonstration that
such powers have nothing TO fear Of the
Church, which gives them. rather, more
perfect subjects, and II 10. secondly. q
tribute to mems liberty. since the Church
holds aloof from their institutions. II Is
founded, In fact. on the distinction between
the temporal power and the spiritual power.
Then why does the Church meet with 80
many obstacles and 90 much opposition
from the governments Of all times. of all
countries and Of all kindss In the first
place because the distinction OF temporal
and spiritual, very clear In theory. is by
no means 10 clear In practical applica-
tion, every one putting his own intsrpreta-
ticn on It. Then becauss although human
personality gains In liberty and In dignity
through having spiritual and . temporal
head, neither OF which In it's complete mas.
ter. between which II grows and develops,
governments Are Jealous OF the moral force,
which they would like to control In order to
rule their subjects.
/ simply explain the theory. shall
not apply II to the two acts OF Leo XIII.
above all that relating to France, for 1t.
would be mbecomine on the occasion Of
the twenty fifth anniversary OF the august
Pope's coronation and may be inappro-
pirate in the crisis through which the Church
is passing In France. I shall merely state
the problem.
II IL had been possible by some miracle
to weld all the elements OF opposition into
a constitutional opposition and TO persuade
the country that this opposition was con-
stitutional and had no other object than
to give the republic 4 conservative and
liberal policy. and one. from that point Of
view, that was well disposed TO the Church.
the opposition would have been freer in
it's action and able to do more. But what
way is there Of making monarchical brains
republican and OF persuadine the country
that they have become republican, A
country that wakes up from . thousand
years Of monarchy only gets rid OF monarchy
slowly, and now ITO years after the mon
archy has fallen for the first time. the re-
publicans themselves cannot conceive Of the
republic save with monarchica1 institutions,
while the constitution OF their republic
has been framed by the monarchists on the
pattern Of the monarchy which they would
have established II they had been able to.
Really. during Leo Kills pontfoate
the opposition has been neither constitu-
tional nor unconstitutional; II has always
been mixed and as difficult to keep In order
| ~ t,xttn Al IA An, ha <rfh Nor
1t is idle to discuss two policies which stihed
each other in embryo. That, moreover. 10
but one side OF the question. and II Leo XIII.
has shown more care for the French Re-
public than the Gospel precept required.
1t was, with other reasons that every one
knows, on account Of a trait that ID peculiar
to him and less known.
As his lofty mind takes pleasure in general
views and distant prospects,. and as he has
the wise mans doubts about all things
human. Leo XIII. has always had two domi-
nant ideas: first. the reunion Of the Christian
Churches. and first OF all the Eastern
Churches, TO the Church OF Rome, whose
branches they are. torn off by the storms
of the centuriesN which the storm OF
free thinking more penetrating than the
others and more disintegrating for them
all. shosld bring sogethes under his protec-
ton for the preservation Of Christian oivili-
zation; and second. the thought that the
French Republic might spread beyond it's
boundaries and that the Church should
make ready for a new order Of things. His
encyclical on the workingmen has that
tendency.
In 1850 the English parliamentary system
was 500 years old and had taken no hold on
Europe. not even on France, and 1t has not
taken hundred years for France to carry
even to the Oriental ends OF that same
Europe the parliamentary system which
the Revolution gave her. The peculiarly
Of the French spirit is expansion. II the
republic Ia not q model OF good govern
ment, IL it is even the opposite, that is no
reason why the republic should not have