The Birmingham age-herald., 1903-12-08

of Colombia, and they had been kept quiet only by the prospect of the conclu- sion of the treaty, which was to them q matter of vital concern. When 1t be- came evident that the treaty was hope lessly lost the people of Panama rose lit- erally as one man. Not a shot was fired by a single man on the isthmus in the interest of the Colombian government.
 Course of United States.
 Not life was lost in the accomplishment of the revolution. The Colombian troops stationed on the isthmus, who had long been unpaid made common cause with the people of Panama, and with astonish- ing unanimity the new republic was started. The duty of the United States ! in the premises was clear In strict ac- cordanee with the principles laid down by Secretaries Class and Seward in the off cal document above quoted, the United States gave notice that it would permit the landing of no eXpeditionary force. the arrival of which would mean chaos and destruction along the line of the railroad and of the proposed canal, and an inter ruption of transit as an inevitable conse- quence. The de facto government of Pan anna was recognized in the following tel egram to MT. Ehrman: '"fhe people of Panama have by ap- parently unanimous movement dissolved their political connection with the repub- lie of Colombia and resumed their inde- pendence When you are satisfied that a de facto government, republican in form and without substantial opposition from Its own people, has been established in the state of Panama, you will enter into relations with it as the responsible gov ernment of the territory and look to 1t for all due action to protect the persons and property of citizens of the United tat and fG iztn af.ft, transit, in accordance with the obllga- tions of existing treaties governing the re- lations of the United States to that ter ritory'
 The government of Colombia was noti- fled of our action by the following tee- gram to Mir. Beaupre:
 "The people of Panama having. by an apparently unanimous movement dis solved their political connection with the republic of Colombia and resumed their independence and having adopted a gov ernment of their own, republican in form, with which the government of the United States of America has entered into rela- tions, the President of the United States. In accordance with the ties of friendship which have so long and so happily existed between the respective nations, most earnestly comments the governments of Colombia and Panama the peaceful and equitable settlement of all questions at issue between them. He holds that he is bound not merely by treaty obligations, but by the interests of civilization, to see that the peaceful traffic of the world across the Isthmus of Panama shall not longer be disturbed by a constant success sion of unnecessary and wastefu civil wars"
 Disturbances on lsthmus Since 1846.
 When these events happened fifty I tl,.. T States had entered into it's treaty with New Granada. During that time the governments of New Granada and of its successor. Colombia, have been in a con- stant state of fux. The following Is q partial list of the disturbances on the Isthmus of Panama during the period in question as reported to us by our con- suls. It is not possible to give a com pete list. and some of the reports that speak of revolutions must mean un- successful revolutions.
 May %. 1S50.-Outbreall; two Americans killed. War vessel demanded to quell outbreak.
 October, 50.-Revolutionary plot to bring about independence of the isthmus.
 July %, 1S51.-Revolution in four south ern provinces.
 November Il. ls51.-Outbreak at Chagres. Man-of-war requested for Chagres.
 June D. 1853 -lnsurrection at Bogota, and consequence disturbance on isthmus. War vessel demanded.
 May 23. 1S54-Political disturbances; war vessel requested.
 June 2S. 1S54-Attempted revolution.
 October 24 1S54.-Independence of isthmus demanded by provincial legislature.
 April, 1S56.--Riot and massacre of Amer jeans.
 May 1. 1S56.-Riot
 May IS. 1S56-Riot
 June 3, 1S56-Riot.
 October 2 1s56.-Connict between two native parties. United States forces landed.
 December IS. 1s5s.-Attempted secession of Panama.
 April. 1S59.-Riots.
 September. lS60.-Outbreak
 october 4, Matchmaking of United States forces in consequence
 May 23. 1s6l.-Intervention of United States forces required by intendente.
 october ?, 1S6l.-Insurrection and civil war.
 April l. 1862. Measures to prevent rebels crossing isthmus.
 June 13. 1S62.-Mosquera troops re- fused admittance to Panama.
 March. 1865. Revolution, and United States troops landed.
 August, 1865. Riots; unsuccessful at tempt to invade Panama.
 March 13O lfSHtttSSiui TeNOluIlOn.
 April. 1S67-Attempt to overthrow gov ernment.
 August. 1SGS--Attempt at revolution.
 July ,. Revolution; provisional government inausurated
 August %, 1s6S.-Reyolution: provisional government overthrown.
 April, lS71.-Revolution; followed appar. enty by counter revolution.
 April, 1S73-Revolution. and civil war vrbi t.I t,
 August, 1S76.-Civil war which lasted until April. 1877.
 July, 1S7S.--Rebelion.
 December. 1S7S-Revolt April. 1sl9.-Revolution. June. 1S79.-Revolution.
 March. 1SSs.--Riot.
 May, 1SSS.-Riot
 June, Ss4--Revolutionary attempt. December. 1SS4-Revolutionary attempt. January 1ss5.-Reyolutionary disturb ances.
 March, 1SS5.-Revolution.
 April. 1SS7.-Disturbance on Panama railroad.
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