The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1903-01-01
SUBMARINE CABLES
Continued from page g.

Continued from page g.
the American Telegraph and Cable
Company, headed by Jay Gould.
1882. Another Atlantic cable laid by
the same company. Lines also laid on
the west coast of South America.
1885, Spanish National Telegraph
Company organized to construct a ca
BILE line from Spain to the Canaries.
1884. Two transatlantic cables laid
by the Commercial Gable Company, or
ganized in the United States headed by
j. w. Mackay and James Gordon Ben
nett.
1885. Additional cables laid on the
west coast of Africa.
|, 1886. Gable lines laid in the Mediter-
ranean, to connect Italy with various
adjacent islands.
1887. French colonies in the West In
dies connected by cable with French
Guiana and La Guayra, Venezuela.
1889 Gable line authorized by the
British Government, to connect Halifax
and the Bermudas. This line passes
through water 1900 feet deep.
1891. The French Government con-
tracted for lines from Marseilles to
Oran and Tunis, to be constructed eX-
clusively by French workmen and of
French material where practicable.
1892. Gable laid across the South At
lantic from west coast, of Africa to
Pernambuco, Brazil, by the South Am
erican Gable Company.
1898. Gable line laid from Australia
to the French colony of New Caledonia,
800 miles distant.-Lines laid under d.
rection of the Portuguese Government
to connect the Azores with Lisbon, Por-
tugal.
1894. Two additional transatlantic
lines by the Commercial Company and
one by the Anglo American Company.
These consisted of a very large copper
wire, weighing from 500 to $50 pounds
per mile. surrounded by twelve smaller
wires. These were heavily insulated
and again surrounded by a sheathing
of steel wires, which in tHrn were sur
rounded by a heavy waterproof protec-
ton. The object of adopting the very
heavy copper wire was to facilitate the
use of automatic sending machines, by
which the speed of transmission is
greatly increased.
1896. Cablr laid from New York to
Cape Haitien, Haiti, with connection
thence to Santiago, Cuba, and a south
ern line to the Windward Islands and
South America, with a depth at places
of $4,000 feet, the greatest depth at
which cables have been laid. 1t was
over this line that the chief Geographic
communication between the United
States and it's representatives at San
tiago, and in the West Indies generally
was conducted during the war between
the United States and Spain, the cable
lines by way of Habana being under
control of the Spanish authorities in
Cuba. Messages from the Executive
Mansion and War and Navy Depart
ments passed from Washington to New
York by land line, were there trans
ferred to the cable, thence to Cape Hal
tien, where they were transferred to
the cable line running to Santiago,
which had been cut near that point by
the United States Signal Corps, and
landed at Caimanera, which was con-
trolled by the United States forces
There the messages were transferred
from the cable to the land line reaching
to the battlefield in front of Santiago.
Messages from the War Department
and Executive Mansion reached the
battlefield in from ten to fifteen min
utes, and on one occasion during the
progress of the battle a message Was
sent and reply received within twelve
minutes.
1897. The HalifaX-Bermuda cable
line extended from Bermuda to King
ston, Jamaica, by way of Turks Island.
1898. An additional transatlantic
cable laid by the French Company be-
tween France and the United States.
1901. Cable laid from England to
Australia via Cape of Good Hope, AZ
RIGA; length $4,000 miles, cost, $4,000
900.
1902. The "All-British" Pacific cable,
under control of the Gable Board
representing the governments of Great
Britain and the British colonies touch
ed by the cable, from Bamfield Creek,
British Columbia, via Fanning's Island,
Fiji, Norfolk Island, New Zealand and
Australia was completed early in
November and turned over by the con-
struction company to the Gable Board
December 8.
1902. Authority granted the CONNER
cial Pacific Gable Company to lay ca
BILE line from the Pacific coast of the
United States to Hawaii, Midway, Gu
am and the Philippine Islands and the
Asiatic coast with branch from Gu
am to Japan. The California shore
section was landed at noon December
H. The shore section was sphced to
the deep seR section aboard the cable
ship Silvertown early i'm the morning
of December Is. The SilVertown then
started for Honolulu, laying the cable,
cutting and buoying the cable between
Mokapu Point and Makapuu Point
about "a miles from Honolulu early in
the morning of Friday December g.
The Honolulu shore section of the ca