The sun., 1903-12-08


no expeditionary force the arrival OF which
would mean chaos and destruction along the
line of the railroad and of the proposed
canal, and an interruption OF transit as an
! inevitable consequence. The de facto Gov
ernment of Panama was recognized in the
following telegram to Mr. Ellrman:
The people of Panama have. by ap..
parently unanimous movement, dissolved
their political connection with theVftepublic
OF Colombia and resumed their indepeii-
facto Government. republican In form
and without substantial opposition from
its own people, has been established in the
state OF Panama. you will enter into re-
lations with 1t as the responsible Govern,
ment OF the territory and look to 1t for all
due action to protect the persons and prop
erty Of citizens of the United States and to
keep open the isthmian transit, In accord
ance with the obligations Of xisting treaties
governing the relations of the United States
| to that territory"
The Government of Colombia was notified
of our action by the following telegram
| to Mr.. Beaupre:
"The people OF Panama having. by an
apparently unanimous movement, dis
solved their political connection with the
Republic of Colombia and resumed their
Independence, and aving adopted Gov
ernment of their own, republican in form,
States OF America has entered into rela-
| tions. the President of the United States,
in accordance with the ties OF friendship
which have so long and so happily eX-
| listed bet ween the respective nations,
most earnestly commends to tho Govern
| ments of Colombia and Of Panama the peace
| ful and equitable settlement Of all quees4-
| tions at issue bpt ween them. He holds
that he is bound not merely by treaty
obligations but by the interests Of civiliza-
tion, to see that the peaceful traffic OF the
| world across he LIST hmus of Panama shall
not longer he disturbed by a constant sue
| cession of unnecessary and wasteful civil
wars"
DISTURBANCES on IsrHMUs SINCE lstG
When these events happeaed fifty
seven years had elapsed since the United
States had entered into it's treaty with
New Granada, During that time the
Governments of New Granada and Of its
successor, Colombia, have been in con-
stant state Of fux. The following is a
partial list of the disturbances on the lsth-
mus of Panama during the period in ques-
ton as reported to us by our Consuls. II
is not possible to give complete list, and
some of the reports that speak OF "revolu-
tions' must mean unsuccessful revolu-
tions:
May %, 1880. utbreak; two Americans
killed War vessel demanded to quell
outbreak.
October, 1850. Revolutionary plot TO
bring about Independence of the lsthmus.
July %. 1851 Revolution in four southern
provinces.
November IA, 1851. Outbreak at Chagres.
Man-of-war requested for Chagres.
June 81, 1853 -Insurrection at Bogota,
and consequent disturbance OH lsthmus,
War vessel demanded.
May 23, 1s54.-Politcal disturbances: war
vessel requested.
June 2s, 1854 Attempted revolution.
October "a. 1854 54.Independence OF 18TH
April, 1855 Riot, and massacre of
Americans
May 4, 1855 Riot,
May IL, ls58-Rot.
June 3. 58,-Riot
October 1855. Conflict between two
native parties United States forces landed.
December Is. 1855 Attempted secession
of Panama.
April, 5p.--Riots.
September, 1S60.-Outbreak.
October I, 1s60.-Landing OF United states
forces in consequence.
MAY 2s, IS8l.-Intervention of the United
States forces required by intendente.
October 2. S6l.-.Insurrection and civil
war
April 4. 1850. Me assures to prevent rebels
crossing Isthmus.
June IS, ise2--Mosquera's troops re-
fused sdmittsnoe ,.s1 to Panama and r,r,,ad
States troops landed
August, 1885 Riots; unsuccessful at
tempt to invade Panama.
March, sos.-Unsuccessful revolution
ernment.
August, 1867 Attempt at revolution.
July S. 1898. - Revolution; provisional
government inaugurated.
August 20. 1883. .-Revolution; provisional
government overthrown
April, 1871 T,-Revolution; followed appa-
rently by counter revolution.
April, 1873 Revolution and civil war,
which lasted until October, 1875.
August. 1s78.-Civil war which lasted
until ADril 1877.
July, lS7s.--Rebellion.
December ls7s.-Revolt.
April, 1s79.-Revolution.
June, 879-Revolution.
March. 1888 Riot.
Nav, 1883. Riot.
June, 1884 S4.Revolutionary attempt.
December 1884. s4.--Revolutionary attempt.
january. lss5.--Revolutionary disturb
anoes,
March, 1885 Revolution.
April, lss7.-Dsturbance on Panama
Railroad
November, 1887 Disturbance on line Of
January, lssa.-Riot.
January 1898 Re volution which lasted
until April,
March, 1895 -Incendiary attempt
October, lS99.-Re volution.
February 1900, to July, 0,-Revolution.
January, 1901 Revolution.
July, 1901. Ol.-Revolutionary disturbances
September, l9Ol.-City Of Colon taken by
rebels.
March, 1907. evolutionary disturbances.
July, 9O2.-Revolution.
The above is only partial list of the revo-
lutions rebellions. instructions, riots and
other outbreaks that have occurred during
the period in question: yet they number
ffty-three for the fifty-seven years. II will
be noted that one of them lasted for nearly
three years before it was quelled; another
for nearly year. In short, the experience
of over half century has shown Colombia
to be utterly incapable Of keeping order
on the Isthmus Only the active interfer-
ence of the United States has enabled her
to preserve 30 much as a semblance of SOW
ereignty Had it not been for the exercise
by the United States of the police power in
her interest, her connection with the 18th
mus would have been sundered long ago.
In 1855, in 1890 in 1873, in 1885, in 1901, and
again in 1902 sailors and marines from
United States warships were forced to land
in order to patrol the lsthmus, to protect
life and property, and to see that the tran
sit across the Isthmus was kept open, In
1851, in IS 2, in 1885, and in 1900, the Colom-
bian Government asked that the United
States Government would land troops to
protect its interests and maintain order on
the Isthmiis. Perhaps the most extraordi-
nary request is that which has just been