davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1903-08-24
SUNDAY SCHOOL OUTING.
Cumberland Presbyterians Going tc
 East Lake Tomorrow Night.

Class No. 42 of the Cumberland Presby- terian church. consisting Of 150 young men and women, will have one of their enjoyable outings tomorrow night and a boat ride at East Lake The party will assemble at the rooms of the Young Wo- mems Christian association in the Watts building at o'clock and will take a spe- cial car for East Lake.
 This class is said to be one of the most remarkable in the south. It's members are active in many departments of Chris tian work and its numbers are constant ly increasing. The social features of the class are always pleasant and have at- tracted many young people to the class.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1903-08-24
Richard McElroy.

Richard McElroy. aged 35, died yester- day morning at ' o'clock at his home in Rosedale from the effects of heart failure. He had been sick just twenty-four hours when he died. The funeral services will be conducted from the residence this afternoon at 4 o'clock and the interment will be in the Union Hill cemetery. The deceased leaves mother and three brothers, Eugene. c. E. and William Me- Elroy.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1903-08-24

John J. Downes and Miss Grace E. Ken nedy were unexpectedly married yesterday morning by the Rev. Father O'Reilly at St. Pauls parsonage.
 There were only two witnesses present at the wedding, Lee Wellman and Will Scott. the friends of the groom. Yester- day morning the bride went to a church near St. Paul's and was met there by the groom and his friends. They proceeded to Father oReillys, where the ceremony was performed.
 The bride is the daughter of John B.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1903-08-24
Miss Annie L. Johnson.

Annie l.. Johnson. the 16-year-old daugh- ter of MT. and Mrs. Charles O.. Johnson, died yesterday at the family residence, 718 North Twenty-second street. The fu- neral services will be conducted from the house this afternoon at 2:30 o'clock and the interment will be in Elm Leaf ceme- tery.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1903-08-24
Georre A. Barrett,s Infant.

The I1-months-oid infant of Mir. and Mrs. G. A. Barrett was inferred at East Lake cemetery yesterday atterr con at t O clock.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1903-08-24
Miss Anthony Victorious.

Chicago, August 23.-Miss Bessie Anthony, the western golf champion, proved her right to the title again to- day by defeating Miss Johnnie" Car penter in the finals, up and 2 to play.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1903-08-24
RATES ARE AS FOLLOWS,
SHIP YOUR GOODS
 THE SOUTHERN EXPRESS COMPANY

which operates on 27 900 miles of frst-class
 railroads, with connections with other com. panies, to all points accessible by express
The Birmingham age-herald., 1903-08-24

We make the best C...s in town. Age Herald Engraving Company.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1903-08-24

Alabama Brewing Go.
 Bohemian Beer. :"
The Birmingham age-herald., 1903-08-24
Old Ceremonial.

This sacrament was prefgured In the old law by the ark of Noah. The waters of the Red sea, which were death to the Egyptians, but salvation to the Islaelites; the waters of the Jordan, which cleansed Haaman from leprosy circumcision, which marked the Israelite as the child ren of Abraham. None of these figures, however, approached the reality so close
 !, as did the baptism of St. John. the
The daily morning journal and courier., 1903-05-16

Extra Sized Underwear Hundreds of people called for. these extra large sized garments yesterday and were delighted to know that we had cared so well for the people who can't get what they want always.
 Extra Sized Petticoat. At $1.25--Skirt of good cambric with deep ruffle of embroidery and cluster tucks.
 Extra Sized Gowns. At $1.25-A good $1.75 gown, made of fine material, with round high neck, graceful flowing sleeves and lace or embroidery trimmed.
 ChiIdren's Underwear. Drawers from 12Kc to 23c a Pair. Night Gowns at 5scts.
 Petticoats 23cts and Scots Each
The daily morning journal and courier., 1903-05-16

Mexico for the last eight months, where he has large business interests in the brickmaking and pottery manufacturing line. He will remain in New Haven for two weeks. attending to some business matters before returning to the home of the Montezumas.
 Mrs. W. H. Holmes of Duncan hall is in New York for the week, the guest of Miss Belle Barnes, formerly of this city,
 Mrs. Clarissa Darling of Kent is in this city visiting, her daughter, Mrs William H. Stuart.
 Mrs. Alexander Drummond and Mrs. Rosabelle Frushour Lines have returned from their trip to Patchogue, l.. l., where they went to present Tennyson's drama "Enoch Arden" They are much pleased with the reception accorded them by their audience.
 Roger S. Baldwin. Yale go, has been appointed forest ranger on the national pine Mt. Forest reservation in Ventura county, Cal, to commence duty May 15.
 A son was born to MT. and Mrs. Ben- jamin I. Spock Saturday, May 2. He has been named Benjamin McLane. .--
 The Rev. Henry Van Dyke, D. D., the
The daily morning journal and courier., 1903-05-16

first of the week for visit at his home in Nashua. N. H., thence to Irvington- on-the-Hudson. where he will take charge of a galvanizing plant.
 Dr. and Mrs. E. W. Kellogg of Hart ford. who have many New Haven friends, have recently returned from a visit to the winter home of their son, Dr. Edward R. Kellogg in Cuba.
 Mrs. Ellen Rice of Main street, Bran- ford. will give family dinner on Sun day in honor of her daughter, Winifred Josephine, whose marriage to William J. Broderick of New Haven, was recent ly announced. Mr. and Mrs. Brennan of New Haven will be among the guests. MT. and Mrs. Broderick expect to leave here some time during the summer for their home in New Haven.
 Mrs. Cooke widow of ex-Governor Lorrin A. Cooke, is visiting Colonel and Mrs. C. H. Case on Prospect avenue Hartford.
 Former Alderman Felix Chillingworth yesterday paid brief visit to the city hall, the scene of his legislative tri- umphs as city father. MT. Chilling worth has been sojourning in the city of
The daily morning journal and courier., 1903-05-16

Mrs. C. Hegelheimer of Branford, who suffered a relapse the first of the week, and has again been very ill. is now more comfortable. Mrs. Glover is in attendance.
 Henry M. Beecher of Huntsville has sold his property on Prospect street to Elton Brooks of Plantsville. MT. Beech- CT will probably move to Woodmont. where he expects to buy property, in the near future. MT. Brooks will move into his new home about June 1. MT. Beecher has lived in Huntsville for sev- eral years, and his many friends will be sorry to have him leave town.
 James Rodden of Branford, who was injured at Mystic Island, on Tuesday, is still unconscious. and it is feared the skull is fractured.
 Conductor Ryan of the Ansonia switching crew, who was injured some two weeks ago. in the yards near the Ansonia freight station, is doing as well as could be expected. It was found necessary to cut large hole in his leg to get rid oe the, bruised and lacerated flesh, and he is now improving. c. B. Henderson left Branford the
The daily morning journal and courier., 1903-05-16
2 WALLTNGFnRn RnAn

Work was begun this week under the direction of Engineer Mckenzie of clearing off the brush on the, east side of the highway south, of the intersec- ton of Colony and Main streets. Wall. lingford, for the Wallingford Tramway company. roadbed. The road will run on the east side of the road from Main and Colony street to North Haven green. From there it will run nearly in the center of the highway to the schoolhouse and thence on theSeast side of the highway under grade of the Air. Line and to summerdale, connecting with the Fair Haven and Westville road. s.@ s
 It is now planned to begin work on August and have 1t completed by Oc- tober 1. The cars are to run on half- hour schedule and will run from the railroad station here through Center. street and Main street down the route as given above to the New, Haven green, the time for the trip being one hour.
The daily morning journal and courier., 1903-05-16

former pastor of the famous Brick church in New York, at pesent registrar of Princeton, has rented the cottage on Laurel Way in Norfolk. owned by Will liam H .Moseley. New Haven house, New Haven. and will occupy it for the summer. pr. Van Dyke is the au- thor Of a number Of books, several of which have been nature stories, and it is said he intends to gather local color at Norfolk for new series of New Eng land stories. Dr. Van Dyke has been fishing in Norfolk on several different occasions. ns.-Waterbury Republican.
The daily morning journal and courier., 1903-05-16

The TramWay company will lay the tracks, but the grading and abutments will be by contract. Where the power house is to be located is not as yet de- termined, but will depend largely upon the reports to be submitted later on. Until such time as the power plant can be installed the power will be taken from the Fair Haven and Westviile road.
 The fare for the trip will be twenty-s z five cents, divided up so that in going to New Haven a transfer can be had to any part of the city, and in coming to Wallingford transfer will be given so that a person can bo to Yalesville.
The daily morning journal and courier., 1903-05-16
grape1ers 051tide.. New York, New Haven and Hartford R. K.
Dscemuer 2I. I9O2.

| D<CeuDtE Zl. lSuZs NEW YORK DIVISION.
 FOR NEW YoRK4.4;O5. .4:5o, $500, x6:l0. xs;59, .s;90, xs:l0 s:S5. ss:S5. z1o:so s 2. n. .l2;oS I2;lo. .d:S0 lRarior ear ilm: parlor car limitedD, 4:S5. .5:iO. 5:SS. .6:i0. 6:30, .7:1O, eS:10, 8:15 Bridgeport accom- modationl, se:10, 9:15 P. n. Sundays-.4 05, :5iO Is1S sSIS .sio .s:lo lS a .s: .si6 TasS. p @
 FOR WASHINGTON via Harlem River '1:05, *11:30 p. n. ldaiiy).
 FOR BOSTON via Hartford and Willi- FOR BOSTON via New London i 1aa' and Pro Iidence-*2:20, s2:S0, s1l:35 paricr car
 nitsS, nIts a1%7 F. sS5 lso' .SS Sss Ds5ios s fai .iS sss $ isS RSlRfSs R y.s sgslnsasls HlRTFoRD l AR 4 Ri DiSF Di91sios. Si ai
 For Meriden-s1:10. $40. 7:52, xs:35, aeiSs 1iS 5oC O0 S5g g. % s2s i2o a5s sS a sS ,S s5:S2 si:oo, s:2s D. m. -0 :. m'' i10S' .iSSs GsS aiE55osd 1hts n .1lS 1a.S si49 sSs sss goo, .5:52. 6;16 s5.OO. 500, io:O0, D. m. m. .l For e, spTlng3sldei; 5e.de ;lo e;4o 7;S2 8:s5, 800, 1o:o0 D. m. sandays1.i:io i a. siD.. n.. SHORE LINE DIVISION
 VI NSM lOuuOu, eJc--<E.kUs 6~Zs6U, 1s4I. 10:os lto Guilfordl. II ;O6. .1l :s5 iparior car car @ @mitsd5 24 s:oo .ao5 5S, psEISs s:iS. s:n5 sns lto ,Saybrook Junctlon), s6:55, l1:30 (Guil. ford accommodation p. m. Sundays-s2:20, .2:30 a. m., 412.05, +2:47. 4:55. 6:.5 D. m AIR E-N0RTHAMPTON DIVISION.
 For Middletown, Willimantic, etc.-7 :S5 2: m., l2:65, 500 p. n. Sundays-7.15 D. m. connecting at Middletown with the Valley branch and at Willimantic with Eastern 9istrict and c. Y: R. R.; at Turneryile with Colchester branch.
 ' For Shelburne Balls. Turner's Falls, Will liamsburg. Holyoke, New Hartford and In. termediate stations-7:5 :5O a. m. and 400 D. m For Westyilie and intermediate stations, b:57 D. m. M
 For Farmington, New Hartford and points this :5O a. m, 12:04, 400, 5:57 D. na.
 For Waterbury, via Cheshire S:43 a, rn. 12:l5, 2:3O, 5:l0. 6:55 ?. III. Sundays-9 a. BERKsHiRE DIVISION.
 o .Bs For Derby and Ansonia-6: :05, 7:1o, s:0o. Derby Junction., 4:4o, 5:22, 6:55, TAO. @ d@0;0O, l1;30 D. n. Sundays-8:25 a. m, 3:30. m., 12:l7. 2:3O, 5:25, TAO, n:30 D. m. Sun. days-s:25 q. m. 6:35 D. m. M For Winsted-7:10, 9:45 a. rii., 2:3o, TAO ?. m. Sundays--S.25 a. m.s .6:35 D. m. For Albany, Buffalo, Detroit, Cincinnati St. Louis, Chicago and the West via State
 For Litchfeid and points on Litchtteld 6ranch-9;33 a. m. and 3:57 p. III. via Derby Express Trains. xLocaI Express. c. T. HAMPSTEAD, General passengprA Agent g
The daily morning journal and courier., 1903-05-16
A NOTRE DAME LADY

I will Send free with full Instructions. some of this simple preparation for the cure of Leucorrnoea, Liberation, Displacements, Falling of the, Womb, Scanty or Painful Periods, Tumors or Growths, Hot Flashes, Desire to Cry, Creeping feeling up the Spine
 Pain in the. Back, and all Female Troubles
 to all sending address. To mothers of suf. fering daughters will explain Successful Home Treatment. If you decide to continue It. will only cost about 12 cents week to guarantee cure. do not wish to sell you anything. Tell other sufferers 1T of it, that Is 375. Notre Dame, Ind. F
The daily morning journal and courier., 1903-05-16

5 A large Haines GRAND PIANO. now s1250O, was $11OO.0o. Charles H. Loomis, ss3 Chapel St. BLUE SIGNS.
 m15 2t
The daily morning journal and courier., 1903-05-16
Starin New Haven TransportationLins

DaIIy, E1cept Saturday. e7.'- \ Steamer John H. Starin Capt McAllls- teri leaves New Haven from Starin's Pier, foot of Brown Street, at IO:15 D.. m., Sun. days, Tuesdays and Thursdays Steamer and Fridays. Steamers leave Pier, IS, North River, N Y., at p. m. daily (except Sat urday), Fare. 75 cents. Excursion tickets, $1.25. Staterooms, $1 %. Tickets and state. st., Peck & Bishops, 703 Chapel sst. Free stage leaves depot on arrival of Hartford train and corner of Church and Chapel sts. every half hour. commencing 3:SJ p IF. Through freight rates given and. bills of lad. Ing issued to points west, south and south west. Order your freight via Starin Line.
 c. H. FISHER. Gen'l Freight Agent, Office, 150 Orange Street.
 F. J. GREGORY, Agent. StaTin Pier.
The daily morning journal and courier., 1903-05-16
The Annual Summer Sale 4"
 Of Muslin Underwear.

We needn't tell who have been here what But didn't realize how bought the after when went into the delivery and fascinating fluff eped ceiling hgh waiting That Fine Sample Lingerie made exactly the impression knew would. It's Muslin Underwear Sale of Not the Best Low and Medium price goods New Haven has priced lower than you've known be. . Underwear
  
 A Little Sample Underwear Detail
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1903-01-28

Coffee chewing" says a doctor. is
a habit easily contracted. for the taste
Of the crisp roasted berries IS not un-
pleasant, and the exhliaration. the stim-
ulus, that the berries give is quite as
marked as that which would be obtain
ed from a glass or two Of beer or from
drink % whisky.
1T j. this exhilaration. { an convlnc.
ed. that causes the habit 70 be formed
and that makes II hard habit to break
away from II should be broken away
from Its effects are highly Injurious.
They are more Injurious than those Of
tobacco chewing.
The coffee chewing habit wrecks the
nerves, Il makes the skin sallow and Il
destroys the appetite. ] have had oc-
casiOn to treat a number OF men for IL.
l always advise such men TO break Of
by imperceptible degrees; 10 give three
or four months TO the task Some sue.
Ceed and some do not. Men who work
In coffee plants find II almost impossl.
bic 20 succeed New York Tribune.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1903-01-28
POULTRY POINTERS.

Everything In tile poultry house
should be dry.
Ducks will not thrive on sloppy food
nor on cornmeal alone
Boiled potatoes. turnips and other
vegetables may be fed to ducks to ad-
yantHge.
A good food for fattening fowls can
be made by mixing cornmeal with
mashed potatoes and milk.
In dry picking poultry the picking
must be done while the fowl is warm
as soon as possible after the fowl Is
killed.
The nests should never be fastened 10
the poultry house In such a way that
they cannot be readily removed and
cleaned.
Fowls are very fond OF raw vegeta.
bles. Beets. carrots. turnips and espe-
cially cabbage may be fed to adyan-
tage. The bes. plan is to chop them
fine.
A dressed fowl may be made TO look
plump by dipping it for ten seconds in
water that Is nearly boiling hot aud
then holding 1t until chilled in cold
water
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1903-01-28
LIE -Rnr VAMPIRE.
A. l.xrrrleZ 60 wIsh the BIood suck
flz Lli-taI Il India.

A. I.kprrlrE 60 NIsh the Blood suck
flz lli-iaI Il India.
Cilrlar c-c evening 20 observe a
rather ilEee Csc clter an outhouse from
wl'rb tlcr. was Lo other oercss than
by tie doorway. was fortunate in BE-
ing able O. procure light and thus 20
proceed 20 the capture Of the animal
Upon finding itself pursued il took
three og focr turns around the apart
nle1i. WHEN down dropped what az the
moment ! supposed 10 be its young ami
which I deposited In my handkerchief
After a somewhat tedious chase I then
secured the object OF my pursuit. which
proved 10 be r. fine female megaderma.
I then looked 70 the other bat which
had picked up and 10 my considerable
surprise found Il TO be a small kind Of
pip.strelle, which Is exceedingly abun-
dant throughout India.
The individual now referred TO was
feeble from loss u blood. which IL was
evident the megaderma had been suck
lng from a large and still bleeding
wound under and behind the ear, and
AAH WI 0WH ANAArla rAA aAA auA ANA ~ u
the mouth % the megaderma was itself
sufficient TO hint the strong probability
of such being the case During the
very short time that elapsed before
entered the clubhouse Il did not appear
that the depredator had once alighted.
and ! am satisfied that Il sucked the
vital fluid from is victim as II few.
having probably seized II on the wing.
and that it was seeking a quiet NOOK
where it might devour the body at
leisure.
kept both animals separate till next
morning. when. procuring a convenient
cage. first put in the megaderma, and
after observing Il for some time
placed the piplstrelle with IL. No soon
er was the latter perceived than the
other fastened upon II with the ferocity
Of a tiger. again seizing It behind the
ear. and made several efforts TO fly Of
with IL; but. finding IL must needs stay
within the precincts Of the cage It soon
hung by the hind legs to one side Of It's
prison and after sucking its victim till
no more blood was left commenced de-
vOuring II and soon left nothing but the
head and some portions OF the limbs
Beast and Man In India"
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1903-01-28
Tne TARTAR cue.


HUtert Alien Giles iu -Cb.ll and
the Ch.lese~ savs that there are
sfrauze c1ceptilus as o. fl- uesa-
lax o. tie CLilese cue which las
really been woru by that ult.ou f0r
onlv about 20 years
u wax imposed by the Manfchoo Tar
tars. the present rulers % China. -
bad-e " c5nqgest Previous 90 lGff
The Chinese ciothed themselves snd
dressed their hair Ike tie Uoderu Jap
auese-t1et is. like the japanese who
stiii wear what j. Incorrectly known
a. tie beautiful native dress % ia
pan" As 4 matter of fac. tie japan
ese borrowed their dress as well as
their Literature philosophy and early
art from tie Ctiu-ss Tie japanese
dress Is that o. The Mag period 10
China 1865 e. 1914
But where did the Mantch0o Tar
tars get the cuel They depended az a
race alucst fCr their existence upon
tie horse. The accepted theory i that
ogt % gratitude end respect FOR bis
noble ally the Tartar. - far as be-
could took co himself the equine form
and grew a cue 10 initiation of a
horses tail This somewhat grotesque
theory might fan 20 the ground save
that it IS supported by striking evil
deuce.
Oficial coats a. seen In China az the
present day are made with peculiar
sleeves shaped Ike a horses leg and
ending in an unmistakable boot. Gov
ering the hand. which are known as
horseshoe sleeves lncased therein
a Chinaman's arms look much Ike q
horses fore legs. The tail completes
the picture.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1903-01-28
TEDDY SEES THE FUTURE
PRESIDENT EXPECTS STRONG oP-
POSITION FOR DENOMINATION
Several cyss;iors Are Causing tne
President Considerable Anxiety for
the Fyture-EEpeets Land
slice cf Financial Crisis.

washington. Jan. Z7.-The c0Etin
ued activity q the defseto Repubii-
can organization Of Alabama against
the denomination q Roosevelt at
tracts unusual attention in washing
ton and IS regarded as indicative o. a
powerful sentiment In the Republican
ranks against the president Not that
Alabama IS considered o. great I'm
portance from a Republican standpoint
but there IS a probability Of the
Southern states joining the Northern
movement of any consequence which
may be inaugurated In the interest Of
Senator Hanna or any other anti
Roosevelt man Of presidential caliber.
The pressdent. according to state
ments c2 intimate friends. Is not un-
Mindful, Of the forces in his own par
- which desire his retirement. He Is
making no especial effort 20 conciliate
those whom he regards as antagonis-
tic. He Is too much Of a fighter for
that. But he does expect 70 be renom-
mated. and. as a matter Of fact he
does expect red hot opposition 70
make its appearance in less than
twelve months.
Those who have convinced them
selves that the president is not a pol
iticlan. however. are unacquainted with
the man. In his own way he IS one
Of the smoothest politicians in the
whole bunch Not two days ago he
remarked 10 one Of his closest friends
that he knew that he had formidable
opposition and that Il would appear In
a threatening manner within a year.
but he intended 10 be renominated un-
less a cataclysm should occur. This
friend Of the president Is undecided
just what the president meant by the
word "cataclysm." Whether he antic-
ipates a political upheayal or a fnan-
cial crisis Is not known. There have
been, Of late. predictions OF a great
financial collapse. with such prophets
as Russell Sage and J. J. Hill holding
the views. and in Washington politics
and business are so intermingled that
it is difficult 10 tell 'tother from which.
At any rate, Il is certain that fnan-
clal crash or political upheavai both
work 10 the same end. That Is 10 say.
against the man in power. There IS
no doubt that the president views the
possibility OF some sort Of "cataclysm"
and he knows that such a disaster
would affect his career. That any
dark clouds Of trouble are converging
over the presidents head seems prob
able. The trust question, the Vene
zuelan question. the negro question
and the general financial and indus
trial situation are helping to form
the shadows. But. with all. the presi-
dent seems to be bouyant and fearless
and ready for any emergency which
time or circumstance may bring out
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1903-01-28
Serious Railway Wreck

New York. Jan 27.-one Of the most
appalling railroad wrecks that has oc.
currend in the vicinity OF New York
for many years. the estimated loss Of
life ranging from twelve to thirty per.
sons, occurred tonight at Graceland
on the Central railroad OF New Jer.
sey, near WestAeld, N. j., when the
Royal Blue Line Express ploughed at
top speed into the rear end Of local
train.
After the crash three cars OF the
local train took fire, rendering lmpos.
sible the rescue Of many of the wound,
ed who were pinned fast in the wreck.
Many bodies are believed to have been
consumed.
On board the flyer all the passen.
gers, although badly shaken up. es.
capped uninjured except for triaing
bruises
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1903-01-28
Col MeIntosh,s Views.

Il predicted some time ago that
the Beyeridge bill would never pass. q"
remarked Col Cheesie Mcintosh this
morning. and from the newspaper re.
ports IL looks as n my ppredlctlon Will
ports IL looks as II my prediction Will
get the omnibus bin through. Now I
want TO predict again. In the event
the omnibus bill Is passed / want 70
stake my reputation as guesser that
the absorption clause will never be
carried out No sir, Oklahoma Will
never absorb one inch Of Indian Ter.
ritory soil, but at the proper time.
1906, the Indian Territory will be Civ.
en- statehood separate and distinct
from Oklahoma, and in point OF intel.
ligence, natural resources and pro.
gressiveness will be the peer Of any
state in the Union"
Col. Mcintosh is one of the most
brilliant attorneys in the Territory.
a Creek Indian and a man that has
given the statehood question much
thought and consideration. He has
always been opposed to single state
hood and has persistently argued that
no state or territorial form Of govern.
ment would be a success until after
tribal relations were abollshed.-Che.
cotah Enquirer.