davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1903-09-18
|. FILIPINO! \ I'd EDUCATION |!
q Remarkable Change in Methods
Since American Occupation.
The Natives Are Eager to Learn and
Ef EHaveIWelcomed the Free Public
SchOols-WOrk Of the Soil
!. : 1888. -" dier-Teachers. ,--.,

The new educational law for the
Philippines which provides that 100 of
the best qualified Filipino students
shall be permitted to finish theirsedu-
cations in the United States satsthe ex-
pense of the government, Indicates a
progress in Philippine educational
matters the extent OF which is not gen
orally appreciated in the United States.
The contrast between the educational
aspect to-day and the condition which
existed when Admiral Dewey sailed
into the bay of Manila is so great as
to be- almost past believing. From
medieval ecclesiasticism to modern en-
llghtened school methods seemingly
almost in leap is the achievement to
be chronicled.
Under Spanish authority Filipino
children secured what e ucation they
obtained in exclusive religious schools:
Every village had its school, in which
the children were taught obedience, to
read and write a little in Taga}og and
to repeat the catechism It is said that,
as local supervisors of the school, the
friarss learned the native dialects, and
blocked every governmental attempt
to- make Spanish the basal language
for school instruction. They preferred
to prescribe just what should and what
should not be learned-at least by the
children of the poorer classes. Even
this education could be- obtained only
by payment of a small admission foe
Yet under this scheme, by which it is
said ;shrewd leaders had managed to
control these people for centuries, the
number of people with some education
was surprisingly large. Then there
was wealthy class in the islands
which enjoyed Spanish culture; yet in
that class education of the Individual
never reached high stage. 1T had,
however, it's influence on the race, for,
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1903-09-18
RI. c. IN|AGP||E
Habits Of the Fea It &. Denizen ii
the Western States. 4.
He Halls Originally from Englsnd
and II Both Crafty and Cam +
hins-One Of the Most Strike r. -
Ing Of Our Birds. III. :

I first made the acquaintance Of the
magpie many years ago tn England,
where the bird is a historical charaac-
ter, ranking with the English robin.
the blue heron and the peregrine fall
con. In fact, in the days of falconry
the magpie was often hawked for in
open, brush-studded country, it's strik-
ingly marked plumage enabling the
spectators to, easily follow the prog
ress Of the sport. I used to set him
in an fashioned garden, and never
tired of watching him, as he went
about his business as only a member
Of the crow family can.
:. Unfortunately, this wonderfully inter-
sesting and decorative bird is not found
in the eastern part of the, United
States, but in the west he is repre-
sented by two species, the black-billed
and the yellowbilled magpies., The
latter is now found only in a certain
restricted area in California, and, owing
chiefly to his conspicuous voice
and plumage, which announce his pres
fence to every gunner who comes his
way, he is in danger of total extermina-
ton. :-.,.t. .,;.:~.:
:. The black-billed magpie is. about
30 inches long, including his tail,
which takes UP rather more than half
the total length. The greater part OF
his plumage is glossy black, with
bronzy metallic reflections, but the
lower breast and belly are white, and
the scapulars, being also white, form
two conspicuous patches on the wings.
Long streaks of white on the inner
veins of the primary feathers show
most conspicuously when the bird is
in flight. Altogether he is one of the
most striking birds to be seen in
North America. That he has not been
exterminated is no doubt due largely
to his intelligence, for, like his rela-
tives, the crow and the JAY. he is
bold enough to take advantage Of
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1903-09-18
HISTORY OF PANAMA | \ | J
Little State Which Now Threatens
to Secede from Colombia. ]
1t Contains the Oldest City ON the
American Continents and II Inter-
estinE in Many Other Ways-A
Port of Great Importance.

Should the Colombian congress fail
to ratify the canal treaty, as now
seems probable, and this failure re-
suit in revolution in Panama, as also
seems probable, there is likely to be
established in Central America some
new International boundary lines Of
more than passing interest.
Press dispatches tell US that plans
for the revolution are going on apace,
and that seemingly nearly every resi-
dent of the state is in favor of break
ing away from the government at Bo-
gotta and declaring the independence
of Panama for the purpose of granting
right of way for the canal to the
United States. 1t does not take much
of a prophet to imagine the stars
stripes flying over the entire isthmus
in the near future, and Panama be-
coming the next addition to our terri
tory in our programme OF expansion.
So far have the plans for the revolu-
ton gone, and so sure Of success are
the leaders, that even the boundary
lines to be demanded CT Colombia have
been decided upon. They will give the
state total length of 475 miles.
st. Augustine is the oldest city in
the United States at the present time,
but should we get this slice of Colon
bia that city would have to take a
back seat in favor of Panama, which is
the Oldest city founded by Europeans
in either O. the Americas. The foun-
dation Of Panama was laid by Pedro
Arias Davila in 1913. There was then
but one other settlement of Europeans
on either continent, that Of Santa
Maria ell Antigua, near the Atrato,
which was. afterwards abandoned, and
of which no trace now remains
Panama has always been an impor-
tant point in the history of Central
and South America. Through it passed
the gold and silver of Chill and Peru
on it's way to Spain; it was the center
of religious activity for that section of
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1903-09-18

everything which is useful without
being dangerous, but crafty enough,
as rule: to keep out of trouble. An
other point in his favor is that he can
eat almost anything, and, all things
being equal, the animal which can eat
the greatest variety of food will sur
vive the longest. In the winter he
will eat literally anything, including
carrion, and whatever he can steal
from his neighbors. In the spring he
fares sumptuously, his bill of fare be-
ing a long one, and including mice
and other small mammals, small
birds, birds eggs and young birds,
crawfish and numerous insects; in the
summer he does the farmer good
turn by eating grasshoppers, grubs
and a very destructive black cricket,
and in the fall he pays himself by
stealing such fruit as he can get away
with without being shot.
At most times of the year he is a
noisy fellow, squawking loudly over
everything he does and everything he
sees, and alarming the game which
the hunter has been patiently stalking
:or hours, perhaps. But in the nesting
season it is different; he has not a
word for anyone. He has a secret,
and he guards it with all the caution
which characterizes the entire crow
family. The nest itself is huge struc-
ture, as large as bushel basket,
perhaps, built amongst thorns or
other bushes, or in small trees; some
times quite close to the ground, and
at other times Is or 20 feet up. Ex-
ternally, it consists of mass of
coarse sticks, but inside of this is the
nest proper, which is made of mud and
lined with scottish materials, such
as grass and hair and rootlets. The
eggs, usually seven in number, gen
orally have a grayish ground color
but are so heavily blotched with
brown that the gray is sometimes diff
ficult to find The young birds are
knowing little rascals, and are often
taken from the nest and reared for
pets. They are naturally inquisitive,
and, finding that they have nothing to
fear, they examine everything which
interests them about the house or gar
den, and any smalk object which es-
pecially attracts them they carry off
and hide. w hen in search of amuse-
ment, they will bring such objects out
of their hiding places and play with
them, hiding them again when they
become tired They take great pleas
ure in teasing, the dogs, cats and 9th
er domestic animals, by stealing their
food, and by pecking them when they
are asleep; and wild animals, such as
foxes, raccoons and wolves, must be
equally annoyed ito have. attention
called. to their presence by chattering
magpies. They will alight on the
backs of cattle, and help. to rid them
Of whatever y insect they may be
troubled with, and with equal cool
ness they will steal and kill the young
chickens which may have strayed
from under the watchful eye Of their
mother. $40
- 35F5+s NJ N,rxos n rpr.T IN IS AvNYE.o
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1903-09-18
1'lH| II T.R|'| ] ! ! : OF 10.
Land Sharks Are Defranding Hin q
Of Valuable Property. z
Methods by Which They Operate in
jthe Indian Territor.yy--,Raie OF !.
the Squaw-AIan Was Bad
'-,.., Minors Defrauded.

In the Indian Territory land sharkas.
both red and white, have been at work
for q long enough season to have
brought affairs . to- la climax and
measures have lately been taken
to restrict their dealings. A re-
cent decision-of Judge c. w. Raymond
in the United States court for the west
ern district Of the Indian Territory pro-
hibits parents Of Indian minors from
leasing land belonging to such minors
without the ADVICE and direction of the
court. This decision will be of far-reach-
ing influence, affecting; something like
100000 acres of land. And as result
of recentinvestigations set on foot by the
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1903-09-18

France had it's leper hospital. Men pres
the lepers, and by the sixteenth century
the disease had begun to disappear from
Europe, save in Portugal, Greece, Nor
way and Sweden, in which countries, as
writer tells us, 1T has mysteriously
survived from the Middle Ages" To-day
the fearful disease occurs epidemically
in northern and eastern Africa, Egypt,
Arabia, Persia, China, Japan and India;
Russia, Norway, Sweden, Italy, Greece.
France and Spain, and the islands of the
Pacific and Indian oceans; it is prevalent
in Central and South American, Mexico
the West Indies, Australia, the Hawaiian
islands, and New Zealand, and is found
in New Brunswick and other parts OF
Canada.
India, which country contains over
100000 lepers, is one of the principal
places where leprosy exists. No province
in India is free from it. Segregation is
not at all strict; the man who brings
you bread may be leper. or the woman
that passes you freely in the street may
De amlcteq. 4
1t is estimated that there are 80 900
lepers in the Philippines. Leprosy was
introduced into the Philippines in 1888,
when the emperor of Japan sent to these
islands ship with $50 lepers on board,
the exiles to be consigned to the care of
the Catholic priests. The govern
ment is now engaged in searching
for the present day lepers and
providing for their isolation. In
the Hawaiian islands strict segrega-
ton has been the rule for many years,
though a considerable number of lepers
are aided by their friends in eluding the
vigilance Of the officers and the exile to
the leper colony on Molokai. The leper
settlement on Molokai is shut in by
mountain and sea, and escape from it is
almost impossible. Catholic sisters are
the nurses there, the immediate care
takers and the territorial government
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1903-09-18

: =
most remarkable sporting event of the
year 1903: The mare owned by C: K.
G. Billings, of Chicago, trotteds the
first quarter in :30K, the second in
:3Ok, the third in :S0A, and the final
quarter in 30, reaching the goal which
breeders of trotting horses have
dreamed of, books have been written
about, and the horse world has talked
about for almost quarter of a CEN
tury. Away back in 1906 Yankee set
the mark at 2: SO, and the three minute
strotter became a back number, It has;
required 90 years Of careful breeding
and training and the introductions OF
hosts OF new paraphernalia for pro-
ducing speed and reducing weight and
friction of the silky to reduce the
worlds trotting record to: the even
two minute mark, although the less:
popular sidewheel gated PAGER reached
the goal a. little earlier The PAGER is
now an even second faster than the
trotter, but the ease with which Lou
Dillon reeled off her famous mile leads
her driver, Willard Sanders, and many
of her admirers to believe she can
make the PAGER go faster than 1859 to
hold his place, and perhaps the Bill
lings mare will regain for her gait
and sex the throne which was occupied
for SO many years by Goldsmith Maid
and, Maud S., For the first quarter of
the nineteenth century the trotter was
supreme in the harness world, and it
was not until the year 1889 hat the /.
PAGER came to- the front with the fast
est time in harness. For eighteen
years the ssidewheelers held their place
until in 1867 Dexter won back the
laurels for the trotters, only to surren-
der them in two years to a PAGER, Yam
kee Sam. In 1874 Goldsmith Maid be-
came queen Of all and for nine years
the PAGER was in the background.
Then there was.a struggle which last
ed for, years with honors about even
between the two gaits, until in 1894
Robert J. regained the laurels for the
PAGERS, and it has not yet been sur
rendered. t:a, go, .;....I.:
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1903-09-18

Indian Rights association and the inte-
rior department, ruin may overtake sew
eral of the land companies organized to
rob the Indian through the lease system.
When the tribes were given this reser-
vation to have and to hold, some .opti-
mists may have thought the Indian prob
lem solved. But it was not, though for
time affairs ran smoothly enough that
the outside world heard little of the life
going on in that far-off western territory.
But gradually there came to the knowl-
edge of the country at large stories that
woke up the public to the realization that
our. Indian charges needed help in gov
erning themselves. Investigations were
ordered; and the report was made that
the territory was most lawless, harbor-
ing place of outlaws and criminals of all
sorts. We learned that the full-blood
Indians had very little to say in their
own territory, that the; "squaw men"
ruled and mis-ruled as they saw fit H.,
These squaw men, white men that had
married Indian women, ruled tribal
affairs, controlled broad acres, and push
ed the full-bloods to the wall, or rather,
to the woods. Together with breeds
Of some little schooling, the squaw men
appealed to the tribal traditions of the
full-bloods, and, by occasionally allow
ing the latter to, hold office, were able to
prolong their own control in the terri
tory. When congress detected these
frauds she determined To do what che
could for the Indian, even if it meant
the adjustment of tribal identity, the
breaking up Of the communal lands into
small allotments, even the breaking of
the treaty in which the Indians were
promised the territory for their reserva-
ton, and which they thought was to re-
main theirs as long "as grass grew and
waters ran"
Our government has the Indian on her
conscience, and since she has found the
old plan for him not success, has been
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1903-09-18
Millard F. Sanders,

won free for all, beating Rosaline
Wilkes and White Stockings, among
others,s was the first horse he drove.
His success with harness horses dur
ing the last few years has been moth
ing short of phenomenal, notable
among his achievements being his
campaign with the great mare Amelia,
2:06A, during the 1902 season. Mr..
Sanders went to Cleveland, O., soon
after he began driving and secured
employment with w. j. Gordon. Mr..
Gordon owned large stock farm and
Mr.. Sanders was commissioned to do
the purchasing. He was told to 'Fbuy
the horse of the century, Clingstone.
2:14, was Mr.. Sanders purchase, and
that horse, driven to a. high wheel
sulky, was one of the stars of his time.
Clemma L., 2:15; Mambrino-Sparkle,
2:17; Nobby, 2:17; and William H.,
2:18; were among Clingstone's associ-
ates at the Gordon farm the years Mr..
Sanders was in charge. Mr.. Sanders
left Gordon's employ after. having
worked for the Ohioan for 16 years.
He then started a public training sta
BILE in New York. He gave it up in
two years time and was signed by
Count Valensin togo to California and
take charge of his stable. In one year
Mr. Sanders developed two worlds
champions. They we're F'rou Frou,
2:25A, time made as a yearling;
driven to high wheel @sulky, and
Fosto, 2:22A, PAGER, also a yearling.
The veteran reinsman has to his credit
five yearlings with records better than
2:3O and one with a mark of 1882.
Sydney was the start of Count Valen-
sins stable. Mr. John Turner, Of Phil
adelphia, offered 100000, for Sydney
after the death Of the count Mr.. SAM
ders then went to work for the man
agement Of the lakewood stock farm.
He again had great luck, winning
many races and giving the colt ]. F. B.
a record Of 2:25 as a yearling. In 1901
he came east again and had two good
money winners in DOllie Dillon, 2:07,
and Janice, 2:0s1 Janice held the
worlds trotting record for u mile and
an eight until q year ago. During the
1902 racing season Nj. Sanders cam
padgned Amelia with great success
she started IL times against the great
est trotters il America incl ding Lord
Derby, Maj 1elmar. Susie ), Rythmic.
Nntbearer, and Monte Carlo, and won
eight sets Of brackets: q Anzella,s
four other starts she was second
De1lie Dillon. was Ia poor fo-m during
the 1902 season and Amelia was Mr..
Sanders chief bread winner.
HARRY MARTIN.
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1903-09-18
PUBLIC SCHOOL HOUSE IN LuzoN,

long before the Americans arrived, the
Filipinos were chatting under their re-
strictions, and with such daring that
they were engaged in the serious Tag
alog = rebellion when the Spanish
American war began.
Writers who have Investigated the
matter unite in declaring that the peo-
pie. Of the Philippines have always had
a respect for learning. They well
coined American school methods with
enthusiasm. They learned their first
lessons under the new order from
American soldier teachers, who were
detailed to visit the native schools and
introduce the study of English. The
native teachers, as one officer says,
taught the children principally in
Tagalog, devoting little time to Span
ish. The textbook used took the
scholar through the alphabet to pray
ers directed to the saints and the Vir-
gin Mary" .,'
The soldier teachers met with cor
dial reception from children and par
ents, and although they began work
with no blackboards, charts, books,
states or pencils, they succeeded in
awakening an interest in American
studies. Later they were supplied
with primary implements and Ameri-
can schools were fairly launched: The
children were bright and learned
quickly, and the native teachers ex-
hibited as much interest as their pu-
pills. The soldier teachers usually
adopted the plan of drawing objects
that were familiar to the children
They then required the names in Taga-
log and themselves gave the English
names-a method which taught the
pupils English and the soldiers Taga-
log. Some of the soldier teachers,
after having been mustered out, at
tended normal schools that they might
return Ito the teaching permanently.
The educational bill passed by the
Philippine commission in 1901 estab-
lished centralized system of free
public schools, placing in the hands of
a general superintend dent the work of
organizing and inaugurating q COM
plete modern public school system.
Eighteen division superintendent,
and division superintendent for each
province, were provided for and the
employment Of 900 teachers from the.
United States was authorized. The es-
tablishment and aintenance Of nor
NAL, agricultural and manual train
ing schools was ordered Generous ap-
preparations were made for current
expenses. IA plan of instruction wes
adopted by which every denomination
has the right to send religious teach
SersI to the public schools several times
a week at hours when this instruction
will not conflict with the regular Curl,
culpm. This is permit ted upon the ex-
pressed desire q parents j NO public
teacher is allowed to teach religion.
The entireE school system ia belng
on broad American lines.
lfILToNlIARKa
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1903-09-18
Knew Local Geography.

Here is a story that comes from
Scarborough. A schoolmaster there
kept a scholar in after hours for not
knowing the route, on the map, from
for a walk on moor with his sweet
heart. After a time the boy slipped
out Of the schoolhouse and also went
for q ramble on the moor Towards
dusk he heard cries for help. and soon
came upon the schoolmaster and his
young lady standing, two feet deep, in
.:mrarshy ground. \ They had quite lost
their way; and ;::'theys. a1ere. actually
piloted home again by the boy who
was ignorant of geography.
Has Long JaMboae
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1903-09-18

anpupll Of the old
time reinsman, r.
s.. Carr, who in
the eos enjoyed
the distinction of.
owning two of the
greatest trotte:rs
of the day-Dixie,
2:30, and Tackey,
1926. At that time
Mr.. Sanders was
just branching out
as a successful
driver. The black
horse CIV. which
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1903-09-18
.SIP OR S a Nd
Al III II d . ) / / e S.
s. When Lou Dillon, the sensational
trotting mare. stepped q mile in 200 at

:Readville, Mass.
the other day, she
not only estab-
lished q worlds
record but turned
q trick which has.
been the ambition
of the ttrotting
horse world to
reach CHI since ice. Maud u!
S.. brought. the
mark within hail.
ing distance. The
race will doubtless
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1903-09-18

>. aMillardDaF.. Sanders, who drove Lou
Dillon in her record-brealzing race, is
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1903-09-18

IS Has Lonk JayEboaesass
1 The average length of q whales
iaWbone is seven feet.
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1903-09-18

ERNEST HAIlOIDss BAYNEs.
Morris tribune., 1903-05-30
MILlTlAMEN ARE ALERT.
Concerted Attack on the jackson
(ky.) Jail Frustrated.

Jackson, KY, May 29.-Wednesday
night was one of those wild nights
to which the perturbed population oil
Jackson is gradually becoming accus.
toned. There was firing at intervals
all night by the soldiers and lrrespon'
sible members of the community, but
daylight brought the comforting as
surance that nobody had been hurt.
The night was intensely hot and
the sky heavily overcast. AS mid.
night neared flashes of lightning re-
vealed to the guard Of militiamen
around the jail the figures Of several
men carrying Winchesters gradually
approaching. The challenge was
given, but there was no response. Sew
eral of the guards stated in the morn
ing that they saw number of men
creeping towards the jail, but this
cannot be confirmed. The guards
fired upon the approaching men and
there was response. Then quiet
reigned and for some time the soldiers
were thinking the trouble was over
for the night. There was firing in all
parts of the valley at frequent inter-
walls until daylight
Many believe that an attempt was
to be made to take Jett and White
from the Jail, but that the alertness
of the militia prevented a consumma
ton of the plans.