Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1903-09-10
Retaining AfkaIl Land.

III Inc OulIcu SldlSS anu Sdhauo, %
well as in many other countries OF
the world, there are great stretches OF
land that are unfertile due to too
great proportion of salt or alkali In
them. Usually these tracts OF land
are quite low, and some of them have
been formerly beds of lakes and ponds.
There are other tracts of land that
have developed alkan spots from hav-
ing being too long under a system OF
irrigation that permitted the salt and
alkali to rise in the soil as result OF
capillary attraction. 1t is therefore OF
interest to American farmers to know
what is being done in the matter OF
the reclamation of such lands in for
eign countries.
Egypt is the country that is at pres
emit attracting the most attention In
this regard. Here some Of the problems
are being worked out. This has not
been an easy matter. Quite number
of years ago, a French company
bought 10000 acres of this land, and
sunk $4,500,000 in an attempt to re-
claim it, but were unsuccessful. Yet
the land they handled was and is as
easily reclaimed as any Of the other
land that has been reclaimed and
made profitable. They showed how
not to do 1t, and other companies
profited by their mistakes. The causes
of their failure were first. the bitches
were not close enough together to
permit Of rapid washing of the soil.
The bitches were about 1000 feet
apart when they should have besn
not more than $50. Secoud, the bitches
should have followed the slope Of the
land. They were actually laid out ca
a rectangular Fan regardless of slope.
Third, reclamation was attempted on
too large a scale, and lacked thorough
ness. Fourth, the lano was p & into
such crops as cotton before it was
sweetened-freed from its alkali and
salt. This land is now in process Of
being reclaimed under correct
methods.
On the other hand the success In re-
claiming land In Egypt has been most
gratifying and profitable. An English
company obtained a grant Of $4,000
acres Of this worthless alkah land and
invested $3.50 per acre in its reclama-
ton. The land now brings an annual
rental of about $25 per acre and has
value Of over 5000 per acre, or a
total of over s2,5O0,000. The English
company declared dividends of As
per cent last year. The soil before
drainage was described as heavy
dense, sticky, black clay, apparently
very impervious to water and difficult
to underdrain. In fact the whole as
pect Of the land is one of utter hope
lessness, and none but the most san
guine of agricultural engineers would
have undertaken its reclamation
That land is now bright with grow
ing crops and productive Of an i'm
mense revenue.
The most effective method Of rid
ding the land of its surplus salt and
alkali is found to be flooding, with tile
drains. The drains are placed 81
inches deep and IS feet apart, and the
cost is $50 per acre. This is the lat
est and best method, but is not the
method by which most of the Egyptian
lands have been SO far reclaimed
That method has been to use opeI
bitches and flood the land for month:
at time till the salts have soaked
out. The water is then drained of
! In some cases it has taken two
years to sufficiently drain the soil O
its salts to make the land productive
American farmers will of course pre-
fer the tile drains to the open bitches
as open bitches are a nuisance anC
keep much of the land out Of cult
walton. Besides, they have to b.
larger and cost more to dig. A till
drain does not have to be cleaned on
frequently, as is the case with opel
bitches. An experiment of this kins
is now being carried on near Sal
Lake City. Utah, where the ditche'
are placed $50 feet apart.