The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1903-07-20

taken IN tue plalnest possible way Tne
pope also renewed the protests which Car
dinal Peccl had made against the civil mar
riage, which had become the law Of the land
From the first the new pontiG saw that
the field Of influence open to him was that
Of the peacemaker He put himself into
communication with Germany, Offering hls
services az mediator between the govern
mant and the Catholiop population, and these
were accepted. He interested himself In
eastern nations, He complained most BIT
terly 81 the action Of the Italian govern
ment, on the ground that priests were sub
feet 10 military CONSUMPTION: that the ineti
tutlons Of charity III Rome were no longer
III charge Of the church; that heterodox
schools were opened; that the bishops had
been deprived Of all their functions andrev
enues, and that the government had taken
% itself the patronage Of the dloceses.
The italian government was at that time
led by Prime Minister Depretis, maa TO
whom the idea Of the temporal power Of
the pope was an abominatlon. The minis
ter's policy was to deprive the papal gov
eminent of all power except in things spir
itual The diplomatic training and subtle
brain Of Leo XIII enabled him to see that
bis only chance to influence the government
Of Italy was by influencing that OF other
countries, and his foreign policy became the
leading motive Of his reign. He restored,
as one Of his first acts, the hierarchy Of
Scotland, and be declared in the strongest
way there could be no compromise with
revolution.
In February. 1870, deputations represent
| ing all Roman Catholic journalists arrived
at Rome and We're received By the pope
| To them Leo XIII spoke strongly, outlining
| the pSiicy they should take. IN September
/ Of that year he, with marked liberality,
4 threw open to the scholars Of the world the
treasures of the library Of the Vatican. He
wrote the eneyelical letter on socialism in
| 1878, letter which did much to win Prince
| Bismarck, and during 1879 be established
the council Of education for Rome
! In 1880 the celebration Of the 18th ami
versary OF the coronation Of Alexander,
czar Of Russia, gave Leo XIII an opportu-
nifty Of reopening relations with the Rus
sian court and Of pleading the cause Of Rus
sian Catholics. He seconded this by pro
! claiming solemn Office Of honor to the
memory of the Russian saints, Cyril and
| Methodius, and in 1851 he established q
hierarchy for Bosnia and Herzegovina. lie
encouraged the Greek college in Rome and
enlarged it. lie brought about concord be
tween the papacy and the eastern schismat
les, and the government Of Turkey ac.
knowledged the benefit derived. In Persia
the efforts Of Leo XIII were most success
full, and ID Japan he made his diplomacy
felt.
The famine IN Ireland in 1879 enabled Leo
XIII TO take a strong stand with the Irish
| people and to express his belief IN the ulti
mate success Of their efforts.
In 1884 Leo XIII convened a plenary
council Of the church at Baltimore. The
| archbishops were summoned to Rome to
consult over The schema or outline Of dis
cussion, and as a result of the council
strong ground was taken on the spread o.
infidelity, aud the movement to form q
great Catholic university at the city d
/ Washington was inaugurated