davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Appeal. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. ;) 1889-19??, 1903-10-03

=Lapps after all, but the exact oppo-
site. In every detail they resembled
rather the dolichocephalic (long- head
ed) Negroes of Africa" page 463.)
The increasing long and
extreme brunetteness of our Mediter-
ranean race led us to derive
it from some type parent to that Of
the African Negro" page 474.)
It is certain that, after the partial
occupation of western Europe by a do.
hchocephalic Africanoid type in the
stone age an invasion by broad
headed race Of decidedly Asiatic affin-
ities took place" page 47O.)
There are numerous indications to-
day that the primitive inhabitants of
Europe were Africans. Thus in Sar-
dina, which has been ethnologic ally
isolated since prehistoric times. the
population betrays to-day strongly At
rican characteristics, such as the fat-
tened nose and thick lips. 1t Is an old
saying that Africa begins with the
Pyrenees; and Prof. Ripley asserts
that the inhabitants OF the Spanish
peninsula even now ARE allied In all
Important anthropological respects
with the peoples inhahitfng Afrfca
north Of the Sahara from the Red ia
The Appeal. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. ;) 1889-19??, 1903-10-03

all such registered voters shall nave
voted on the question of holding such
convention OF the Afro-Americans
66,418, or about SO per cent OF those
registered, voted solidly for the con-
vention. Not a single Afro-American
vote was recorded against it. OF the
delegates chosen "a were whites and
Sc were Afro7Americans; in other
words, the 1850 white men who, to-
gether with 66 AIS Afro-Americans cali
ed convention, were accorded oyer 80
per cent of the entire delegation. This
generous allotment certainly does not
suggest any conspiracy to secure Afro
Americana supremacy. 49, =;
It is frequently said that the signif1-
cantly small white vote for the con-
vention was duel to- the disfranchise-
ment of large number of men by Con-
gress for their participation in the re-
bellion. Let us examine this plea.
: 1t is true that the act of disfranchise-
ment was very sweeping, but it is also
: true that every man could have had
the full rights of citizenship restored
to him at any time by simple appli-
cation to Congress 5. Such applications
were frequently made, and so far as
am able to ascertain, not one of them
was ever refused BY an amnesty act
passed by Congress May %, 1872, the
disabilities of every one were annulled
except in the case of few leaders.
At the time when the constitutional
convention was called, the number dis
franchised in South Carolina was g.
244. Had all of these men been regis
tered voters and voted for the conven-
ton. the total number of whites in
favor of it would have been 1854, or
less than one-ffth of those registered,
but it will be admitted that such an
assumption is entirely unwarranted,
for there is no reason to believe that
even small proportion of them would
have sympathized with the Afro-Amer-
leans and carpet baggers or pursued
any course different from that OF the
overwhelming majority of the. native
whites, who either refused to vote or
voted against the conventions
The convention was held and new
constitution framed which compares
favorably with that of Massachusetts
or any other state. 1t was adopted by
a large majority vote at 4 popular cleo
ton in April, 1868, all state officers to
initiate it's operation being elected at
the same time. At this election 35, 55l
did not vote; the minority polled IT,
288 votes for the rejection of the new
constitution, but they were, of no avail
The Appeal. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. ;) 1889-19??, 1903-10-03

It is true that the Democrats of sew
eral southern states, by resort to per-
secution, terrorism, and murder, have
succeeded to great extent in keeping
Afro-Americans from the polls, or,
when they have allowed them to vote,
have nullified their votes by ballot-box
stufing, dishonest counting, and other
fraudulent methods. You may call this
Afro-American suffrage. I do not. l
call it white suffrage prostituted to
criminal USES the mildest OF which
would justify the Acknowledgement OF
the guilty parties. Afro-American suf-
frage in the North is a success. In the
South it is not fully or, fairly, tried.
Compared, however, with white sur
frage in that section, Notwithstanding
the brutal and senseless obstacles it
has encountered, it has justified hun
dred-fold the action of the statesmen
who are responsible for both. Let us
test this statement by reference to
that part of the political history Of
South Carolina pertinent to this sub
iect, recorded in governor Chamber
lain's Administration in South Caro-
lima" and other histories of the recon-
struction period.
OQQ0r Lu0 dutuOilIy VI oil 1OI VI
Congress passed March 2, 1867, and
supplemented by an act passed March
%, 1867, the male citizens of the state,
21 years of age and upward, OF what
ever race, color or previous condition,
were asked to vote for or against call
ing a convention for the purpose OF
framing a constitution and civil gov
eminent In October, 1867, a registra-
ton of voters showed total of 127 ,432,
of whom 46,S82 were whites and $1,000
were Afro-American. The vote was
taken in the following November Tx
actly 1850 white men voted for and
2,27S against holding convention;
that is, about 80 per cent of the regis
tered white voters sullenly stayed
away from the polls, and of the re-
naming 10 per cent nearly one-halt
emphasized their hatred of the federal
government and of the Afro-American
as citizen by opposing the conven-
ton. Of those who voted for it large
number, probably majority, were
yankee carpet baggers.'' OF those
who voted against it, undoubtedly ev-
eryone was a native white. man. Most
of those who abstained from voting did
so for the avowed purpose of defeating
the convention, for by the act OF Con-
gress under which the vote was taken
it was "provided that such convention
shall not be held unless majority of
The Appeal. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. ;) 1889-19??, 1903-10-03
(From the Boston Herald.)
y Hl:4a. oE tho Horn Id. -.

To the Editor of the Herald: -
In letter published in the Herald
March 18th, 1 attempted to show that
the incorporation of impartial, or, as it
is better known, Afro-American suf-
frage, in the organic law of the United
States was not only an act of justice,
but of political necessity
What would have occurred had mill
tary rule been established and main
tanned in the South until social condi-
lions improved and both freedmen and
white men were better fitted for self
government is now a. matter OF pure
speculation. The plan was repugnant
to public sentiment North and South,
and was necessarily abandoned.
The disloyal attitude of the ex-reb-
els toward the federal government and
their passionate determination to deny
all civil and political rights to the
Afro-American, revealed by the de-
bates and the acts of the provisional
conventions and legislatures, made 1t
impossible for Congress to restore ex-
elusive political power to white men:
If inference based upon initial expert
ment and existing social and political
conditions is ever warranted, it is safe
to assert that, had the reorganization
of the rebel states been intrusted eX-
clusively to white men, the resusclta-
ton of the doctrine of state rights and
the practical. reinstatement of the
Afro-American would have resulted.
In that event the immense waste and
destruction of property incident to the
civil war, the devastation of homes,
the frightful loss of life, the horrors
of Andersonville and Libby prisons,
would have gone for naught. Let us
say, rather, they would have stood for
all time as The CHASTITY record OF ma
tional crime. There would have been
an unholy renewal of the old Union
only to be dissolved second time, and
not to be permanently renewed until
the fundamental law was made to gov
ern and protect impartially every citi-
zen without regard to race, color or
previous condition.
The Afro-American was emancipated
from slavery by the war. His enfran-
,chisement was not "mistake,' as you
and many others believe. It was the
inevitable sequence to his emancipa-
ton and it's necessary confirmation.
Neither has it been failure" unless
in the sense that all suffrage is fall
urea proposition from which, were
it under discussion, I should earnestly
dissent.
The Appeal. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. ;) 1889-19??, 1903-10-03
FOR BRUTAL CRIMES.

Russell BoIIes Is Being Taken from
:. Westminster, B. c., to Denver.
Denver, Colo, Sept. 24.-Russell
Bolles, white, who is being brought
from Westminster, B. c., to stand trial
in Denver for the murder Of Harold
Fridborn, was a huckster in this city
when the crimes of which he stands
accused were committed.
On the evening of Dec. 81, 1901,
Florence Fridborn, then 16 years old,
went to a pond in North Denver to
skate, accompanied by her brother
Harold, II years of age. While putting
on their skates they were approached
by a man, who pretended to search
the boys clothes for money and then
turned to assault che girl.
Harold, who had been knocked
down, rose and went to the aid of his
sister, who was fighting desperately.
Thereupon the man struck the boy on
the head with an axe, the blow killing
him. The murderer then brutally as
saulted the girl beside her dead broth
er's body.
Bolles left the city within a month
after the crime was committed. After
long search he was arrested at West
minister, B. c., through the efforts of
Town Marshal Willis, Of Sullivan Ind,
who accompanied Florence Fridborn
to New Westminster, where she yester-
day positively identified the prisoner
as her assailant and her brothers
murderer. Beg.
A special from Vancouver says that
Bolles bears a scar on his thumb
where Miss Fridborn says she bit him
when he assaulted her. In British Co.
lumbia the man was known as Jewell,
but Marshal Willis positively identi-
fed him as Bolles, whom he had
known all his life. ..-
The Appeal. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. ;) 1889-19??, 1903-10-03

to practice fraud only less disgraceful
to our American civilization than the
slave-driver's whip and the human auc-
ton block that had so recently been
abolished. " $780,
Daniel H. Chamberlain succeeded
Moses as governor in December, 1874.
He was a Republican carpet Dagger,
and had held the Office Of attorney
general of the state during Gov. SCOTS
administration. With the advent OF
Gov. Chamberlain new legislature
was elected. The Democratic vote
was much larger than at any previous
election. The House had 124 mem
bers; of these 63, including AZ Dem
ocrats were white, and 81 we're Afro
Americans, the latter all Republicans;
a white majority of two. The Senate
had 80 members. Of these II, includ-
ing II Democrats, were whites and 1t
were Afro-Americans, white majority
of one. Thus. it will be seen that
the two races were about equally rep
resented in both branches. In point of
intelligence and ability the Afro-Amer-
lean leaders were quite equal and often
superior to the white leaders of either
party.
Gov. Chamberlain was man OF
splendid ability, of absolute integrity
and great resolution. In his inaugural
address, referring to the reform
pledges made by his party during the
campaign, he appealed to the Legisla-
ture to redeem them and promised his
hearty cooperation. From the very
beginning and down to the end of his
administration. the corrupt wing of his
own party bitterly denounced and op-
posed him, but it was generally de-
feated, sometimes by his use of the
veto power, and at others by the ma
jority votes of the Legislature. Dur
ing his whole term of Office he was
warmly Endorsed by almost the entire
Democratic press of the state. The
Charleston News and Courier, which
then had larger circulation and great
er influence than perhaps all of the
other newspapers of the State COM
bined, was his especial champion. In
the month of July, 1876, it published a
series of very long articles, ten in num-
Der, in which, in glowing terms, it
named specifically the many reforms
that had been accomplished. The list
was. in part, as follows:
The contingent funds of the execu-
tive department, legislative expenses,
legislative contingent expenses, cost of
public printing, salaries of public Of
ficers, tax levy for the current year,
The Appeal. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. ;) 1889-19??, 1903-10-03

1t is in no offensive sense that Sen
ator Tillman may be said to know less
about the Negro than he thinks he
does. 1t is our hope to enlighten him
on this point and bring him to more
shrinking estimate of what he thinks
he knows and of what he knows he
thinks. In an address before an Illi-
nois audience last week the South
Carolina statesman repeated his IA
miliar remark that God made the
Negro inferior to a white man, and
Africa proves it. ~ What it is pro-
posed to show is that God did no such
thing; on the contrary, that Ben Till
man himself, according to the latest
scientific theories, is probably de-
seconded from the African races Of
mankind If there is scientific author
ity for such a conclusion, it may be
surmised that Senator Ben might feel
somewhat frazzled, for he holds no
conviction more strongly than that
God did two distinct jobs when white
and black men were made.
The study of race origin has been
much oVerlaid with speculation and
surmise, not to mention race and ma
The Appeal. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. ;) 1889-19??, 1903-10-03
WHITE MEMS ASSAULTS ON I

Buffalo Jones was assaulted by an I'M
known man at Mammoth Hot Springs.
''Buffalo'' Jones is the caretaker OF
government bison in the park. He left
his home in care of the daughter,
when he went to attend the herd of
buffalo. Upon returning home he
he found his daughter in an uncon-
sscious condition, as the result of Sc
we're treatment at thes hands of an
unknown man, who had attempted to
assault her She is being attended
by physician from Fort Yellowstone.
It is believed that when she regains
consciousness she will be able to give
some description of her assailant. On
the discovery of the crime, both troops
of cavalry were called out, and made
a thorough search of the entire sur
rounding country. Two men were
placed under arrest, but there is no
direct evidence connecting them with
the crime.
The Appeal. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. ;) 1889-19??, 1903-10-03

from 1868 to 1874 was composed OF
honest and dishonest men of both
races Some of the whites were from
the North and others were of the
South. The bad men of both races
prevailed, and for a few years extrava-
CANT expenditure, bribery, corruption
and robbery; were the rule rather than
the exception. During the four years
administration of Gov. R. K. Scott the
funded debt increased about $13 ,O0O,-
900. Few public works of Importance
had been begun or completed. The in
crease largely represented theft, profit
gate current expenditures, and, as a
consequence, oppressive taxation. The
succeeding administration of Gov. F. j.
Moses, Jr., is said to have been even
worse than that of Scott. Moses was
a native of South Carolina and was
known to be a thief. His election was
opposed by the Republican boilers, led
by Hon. Reuben Tomlinson, Philadel-
phia Quaker and as honest man as
was ever brought up under the inf1u-
ence of Quakerism. Here was another
opportunity for the native whites to
help redeem the state, but such was
their hatred of the Republican car
pet Dagger that they openly said they
"preferred a native thief to an honest
Yankee" Tomlinson received $4,000
~votes* ..&E
In 1873, during the Moses administra-
ton, the public funded debt, amount
ing to $17,445,000, was divided into
two parts; $11,480,000, called valid,
was scaled SO per cent upon the
ground of inability to pay; $685., 900
was declared to have been "put on the
market without any authority of law
and to be "absolutely null and void
Apparently, public sentiment, without
regard to race or party, approved this
measure. ~.
1t is unnecessary to give an account
here of the corruption under what was
known as Afro-American rule down to
1874 inclusive AS has been shown,
the whites had a, majority in the Sen
ate and a large majority in the house.
The corruption was shared by whites
and blacks. The whites, being better
educated, were therefore the more
guilty. 1t is manifestly unfair to as
cribe this political degradation to Afro
American suffrage and not to admit
that white suffrage was fully as re-
sponsible In my Judgment it was in
part due to the disloyal failure to vote
of a large number of the white men of
the state that enabled scoundrels to
obtain political control for time and
The Appeal. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. ;) 1889-19??, 1903-10-03
BASE CONDUCT OF A FATHER.
Macon Man Behind the Bars on
Shameless CHARGE.

Shameless Charge.
Macon, Ca, Sept. 14.-Fourteen-
year-old Pearl Blanche, a we'll devel-
oped, attractive-faced girl with a
wealth of golden hair, will, when the
next Bibb county grand jury convenes,
recite before that body a story telling
of the shameful conduct of her father.
Sheriff Westcott was sitting in his
Office when a grown son of Blanche's
entered Blanche, it seems, has three
grown sons, each of whom resides IN
Jones county, from which county the
elder Blanche moved to Macon with
his wife, daughter and youngest son
and asked for private interview. The
sheriff led the way to his private office
and without any preliminaries the jun
ior Blanche began a narrative the like
of which is rarely heard in section OF
the country where morals prevail and
where law is upheld. The younger
Blanche went into details OF the base
conduct of his father.
1t was a story to be recited only be-
hind closed doors, and this the sheriff's
visitor knew we'll. With the compile
ton of the complaint Sheriff Westcott
felt convinced of it's truth and decided
to act at once. SunmOning Deputy
Stephans to his Office the sheriff in
structed him to arrest the older
Branche at once and hold him until
accusation papers could be obtained.
The arrest was kept quiet for short
time, but when it became known in the
section in which Blanche resided there
was deep indignation and some decid-
edly caustic talk For the mother and
girl, however, only expressions of sor-
row were heard, the only censure be-
ing based upon their failure to have
brought the matter to the attention
of the neighbour od.-Special to At
lanta Constitution.
The Appeal. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. ;) 1889-19??, 1903-10-03
WHITE BRUTE.

Outrsges Afro-American Girl But Es-
capes Mob and GaIIows.
Columbia, S. c., Sept. 25.-A few
days ago an Afro-American girl was
brutally assaulted near Greenville by
Robert T. Gunnells, who has just re-
turned from three years service as
a soldier in the Philippines. He is
the son of a police sergeant of Green
vile. He was arrested and a jury
found him guilty of attempted rape
only. The penalty for this is impris-
onment for not more than ten years.
When he was arrested the whites
made some threats of lynching but.
the sheriff got him out of the county.
The Appeal. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. ;) 1889-19??, 1903-10-03

against the 7U,I5S DallOCS IN FAVOR OIL IL,
of which it is safe to say 80 per cent
were cast by Afro-Americans. The
new state officers, most, if not all OF
whom were white men, took Office July
9. 1868: and the first legislature assem-
bled on the same day. The senate con-
sisted of 33 members; "a of them, in
Guiding seven Democrats, were white
men. and, only nine Afro-Americans.
This gave the whites majority of Is.
The house, Of representatives consisted
of 1924 members; 48 Of them, including
IA Democrats, were white men and 76
were Afro-Americans- Afro-Ameri-
: can majority ofs2as On a joint ballot
the Afro Americans had a majority of
49, T.. D.. 49,
Thus ended the First chapter in the
history of impartial manhood suffrage
in South Carolina. 4 The ballot restored
to the whites proved to be dismal
failure for the purposes of reconstruc-
ton. Out of a registration of 46,8S2
only about five percent for a constitu-
tional convention! Does not this tell
the story? On the other hand, the wis
dom of Afro-American suffrage was
completely indicated. The first use
made of it was to sput South Carolina
back into the place made vacant when
she fired on Fort Sumter and inaugu-
rated the rebellion.E The southern con-
federacy was destroyed by force OF
arms in the handssof federal soldiers.
The Union was restored by the force OF
the ballot in the hands of the loyal
Afro-American. I E-E-. .-'
Had the intelligent and educated
white men of South Carolina Loyalty
accepted the invitation of Congress to
aid in the formation of a new govern
ment, the record of the six years fol-
lowing the assembling of the first Leg
islature might have made one OF the
brightest pages in the history of the
state, but they refused. They either
sulked or actively opposed every effort
to accomplish a reconstruction that did
not recognize the old fetch of state
rights and restrict the Afro-American
to social servitude. BY humane and
fair treatment they could easily have
won and retained the confidence of the
Afro-American, but by harsh, cruel
and contemptuous treatment they
taught him to fear and distrust them.
Easily and naturally, very many of the
freedmen adopted the standard of po-
litical morality set for them by the
more intelligent, experienced and un-
scrupulous white men who entered the
political field. The state government
The Appeal. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. ;) 1889-19??, 1903-10-03
PENSACOLA.
Serious Charge against Stevedor

Serious Charge against Stevedore.
Pensacola, Fla, Sept. 22.-James
Spencer, a white stevedore, who has
heretofore borne an excellent reputa-
tion, was arrested early this morning
by Sheriff Van Pelt on the charge of
having committed criminal assault on
Mrs. Sam Texas. white woman, re"
siding in the western portion of the
city. The alleged crime is said to
have been committed late Sunday aft
ernoon, when Mrs. Texas was at her
home. Spencer was held pending a.
preliminary examination, which will
take place this week. The affidavit
against Spencer was made by Mrs.
Texas.-Special to New Orleans Plea
yune.
The Appeal. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. ;) 1889-19??, 1903-10-03

ing, under the pretense of giving the
child some fruit, took her to nearby
body of woods, where he accomplished
his object. The child was found later
in an unconscious condition and suf-
ferig,
The police and the sheriff were noti-
fled and a. search for TT e guilty party
began. He was found about II o'clock
lying asleep in an old mill building
200 yards from where the deed was
committed.
Gunnels was arrested and placed in
the county jail.-Special Dispatch to
Atlanta Constitution.
The Appeal. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. ;) 1889-19??, 1903-10-03
MINISTER IN STRIPES.

Divine Who Kidnapped Young Girl
Gets Six Years.
Central City, Neb., Sept. 19.-Rev.
R. A. Gould, Free Methodist preach
er, who ran away with Eva Flint, a 15-
year-old girl, last March, was today
sentenced to six years in the peniten-
tiary. He was tried under the kidnap-
ing law, passed by the state legisla-
ture after the Cudahy kidnapping in
Omaha, and his conviction was the
first Under that statute. He has a
wife and five children.
The Appeal. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. ;) 1889-19??, 1903-10-03

house at 724 Camp street early this.
morning, on a serious complaint, pre-
ferred by Annie Lou Mimms, Negro
nurse, fifteen years of age, employed
at the boarding house by Mrs. Marcoe,
who also recently came here from
Shreveport.-Local item in New Or
leans Times-DemOcrat.
The Appeal. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. ;) 1889-19??, 1903-10-03
BRUTAL DEED OF WHITE MEN.

Katie cowan, Aged II, Dragged and
Abused by Drinking Party.
Katie Cowan in her statement says
she was taken to dance on Stewart
street Saturday night by Lon Norris.
and when he was escorting her home
they were met by crowd of men
who were drinking whisky from a bot.
tle The men made her drink until;
she was drunk or nearly so and then
assaulted her.-Local Item in Atlanta
Constitution. ...~ 70
Continued on Second Page.