The Pacific commercial advertiser., 1903-12-24
MODERN METHODS IN
LOCAL ANIMAL HUSBANDRy
History of the Live Stock Conditions in Hawaii
Presented in Valuable Address by
F. 6. Krauss of Kamehameha.

The paper presented to the annual
meeting of. the Live Stock Breeders
Association last Monday and read by
F. G. Krauss. brought out considerable
discussion. His subject was Modern
Methods in Animal Husbandry With
Suggestions for Local Conditions" His
paper was as follows:
INTRODUCTION.
To compare the methods of today
with those of yesterday, and our own
with those of our neighbors' should
prove interesting and instructive to
some degree and trust under present
Island conditions. encouraging as well.
This I had in mind when accepted
your kind invitation to address you at
this meeting. I did not pretend to be
sufficiently acquainted with your very
diversified conditions to make special
suggestions or recommendations as
might be supposed from the title of
my paper, but it seemed to me that a.
brief review of what had been done.
and an outline of modern methods as
practiced elsewhere. especially in
America, where notable work is being
| done in animal husbandry, might be
appropriate. and suggestive for this
occasion.
HISTORICAL.
Let US briefly review the early his
tory Of live stock conditions in Hawaii.
Unfortunately the early records con-
cerning the first domestic animals. es-
peciaHy of cattle brought to Hawaii,
are extremely meager; however, we
are told that when Captain Cook made
| his first visit to the Islands in 1778 he
| found fowl and swine which were
doubtless brought by the natives
when they made their exodus from the
| south Sea Archipelago-we have no
record of earlier navigators.
| AT this time Captain Cook left goats
and swine of English breed on one of
| the Islands, and upon his return four
| teen years later these had materially
multiplied; but we are not advised of
| the further introduction of live stock
until Captain Calvert's visit in 1892
| when he left a ram and a eve on
| Kauai. In 1893 Vancouver visited the
| Islands a second time leaving a num-
| Der of geese, goats, sheep and the first
cattle, the latter being protected by
royal decree against slaughter for ten
years, except in the case of an excess
| OF male animals. Horses are said
| to have been introduced in 1923, and
between 1924 and 1888 "n1any cargoes
| We're landed from California AS
might be expected, little attention was
given to the Improvement or selection
! of breeds, and after a time the deter
iorated progeny of the early ifnporta-
| tons had under the favorable exist
ing conditions multiplied to such an
| extent as to become a considerable
nuisance in some sections.
| In 1850 the Royal Hawaiian Agricul-
tural Society was organized, the object
of which among other important work
was the Improvement of the breeds of
horses, cattle, sheep, swine and poul-
4 try; and in the report Of the first ex-
| hibit, horses, cattle and "monstrous
| swine are commented upon.
I We now come to the period Of the
first inportations of thoroughbred cat
tie, which appears to have been made
by ]. I. Dowsett on Oahu, who import
ed small herd of Polled Angus in the
eighties. At about this same period
Judge McCully imported Holsteins
from Germany. The James Campbell
herd of Shorthorns at kahuku, Oahu,
| and several other small importations
seem to cover the principal work done
along improved lines up to 1898 or to
! a +ay1
Compared with what has been done
/, since the early nineties, these early i'm
| portations appear to have had only
but it was an important beginning and
doubtless gave a strong impetus to
the splendid work which has followed
and is now showing such excellent re-
suits in many quarters.
Contrasted with the Hawaiian ISL
ands a brief history of the introduction
of cattle into America, and the prelim-
mary work done in Europe, especially
England, may be of interest: it seems
to me to offer several valuable sugges-
tions, besides we now look to the Uni
| ted States for much Of our pure
blooded stock.
Prior to the discovery OF America
there were no cattle in the Western
Hemisphere. Columbus is accredited
| with having brought a number Of do
mestic cattle to the West Indies ISL
ands in 1898 and from these Islands
they were taken by the Spaniards into
Mexico about 1925, thence they spread
into the territory now included in Cal
ifornia, New Mexico, Arizona and Tex
as, and became the progenitors of what
is now known as Texas cattle" The
Spaniards also introduced cattle into
| Florida and established herds from
| which, with slight notifications are
descended most of the cheap cattle
now found in that and adjacent states.
Following the introduction OF Span
ish cattle came those from Northern
Europe beginning about 1924. from
which are descended the greater por-
ton of the cattle Of the United States.
During the earlier history OF the Colo
MES. the following breeds of English