davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1903-09-18
BANKRUPTCY NOTICE.

In the United States District Court,
Southern District, Indian Territory
Before Hon. Hosea Townsend,
Judge.
In the matter Of ]. NJ. McCarty,
bankrupt, in bankruptcy.
10 the Hon. Hosea Townsend, Judge
Of the district court, Southern district.
Indian Territory, at Ada, /. T.
J. NJ. McCarty OF Ada, Southern dis
trict, Indian Territory, respectfully
represents that on the 2Sd day OF July
last past ne was duly adjudged bank.
rup. under the act Of congress relating
70 bankruptcy; that he has duly sur
rendered all his property and rights
of property, and has fully complied
with all the requirements of said act
and Of the orders Of the court touch.
ing his bankruptcy.
Wherefore he prays that he may be
decreed by the court TO have a full
discharge from all debts provable
against his estate under said bank
ruptcy act, except such debts as are
exempt by law from such discharge.
Dated this the 5th day of Septem-
Der, 1903.
J. NJ. MCCARTHY, Bankrupt.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1903-09-18
A Pursatlve Pleasure.

II you ever took DeWitt's Little
Early Risers f11 biilousuess or coasti-
patton you iAJs what a purgativr
pleasure Is. These famous little pill
cleanse the liver and rid the system
Of all bile without producing unpl
ant effects. They do not gripe, sickeI
or weaken, but give tone and strene.
70 the tissues and organs involved.
w. II. Howell OF Houston. Tex, says,
No better pill can be used than Liz
tie Early Risers for constipation, sick
headache, etc" Sold by all drug
gists.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1903-09-18
A Woman. Complexion.

It is rank foolishness to attempt to
remove sallowness or greasiness Of
the skin by the use OF cosmetics, or
local treatment as advocated by
the beauty doctors" The only safe
and sure way that a conan can i'm
prove her complexion is by purifying
and enrichlng the blood, which can
only be accomplished by keeping the
liver healthy and active. The liver
is the seat OF disease and blood pol
luton. Green's August Flower acts
directly on the liver, cleanses and en-
riches the blood. purifes the complex
ion. II also cures constipation, bill
iousness. nervousness and induces re.
freshing sleep. A single bottle OF
August Flower has been known to
cure the most pronounced and dis
tressing cases OF dyspepsia and indi-
gestlon. New sizetrial bottle 20 cents !;
regular size rs cents. At the City
Drug Store.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1903-09-18
MCKINNEY.
Special Correspondence.

Special Correspondence.
Mckinney. |. T.. Sept. 16.-Several
very small showers have fallen in
the last few days. stock water is get
ting very scarce Range stock are do
ing very bad. owing to the drying up
OF grass.
Corn gathering in full headway at
present and the yield is very good.
Fires are very comfortable this
morning: strong cold wind from the
north.
Miss Fanny Curry OF Valley Mills.
Texas. was here Saturday visiting
relatives and also made application
for the school at this place.
Mr.. Osborne OF Ardmore was here
Sunday visiting relatives.
Sewell Mckinney of Van Alstyne.
Texas. cane up last week and will
spend a month visiting relatives.
Rev ]. II. Masters OF Ardmore,
Allied his regular appointment here last
Saturday and Sunday.
Baptising at the spring hole" on
Little Hickory, was largely attended
Sunday evening.
Quite a number from Marsden at
tended the baptising Sunday evening
S. r. Banday. of Ardmore. was here
Saturday attending church.
J. G. Holt returned from prospect.
ing tour over the Chickasaw Nation
last week.
J. d. Howard and Joe Holt left last
week on a business trip at Foster,
1T
Frank Estes and bride attended
church Sunday night.
Mrs Alex Henry has about recov-
cred from the recent "coffee-pot" ex.
plosioD.
Mat Hooper started home Sunday
night through the S. Mckinney farm
and was riding very fast when he
ran into a new wire fence. cutting
himself very badly and Gripping his
horse, altogether II was a very dan.
gerous accident. At this writing Mat
is reported better.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1903-09-18
Committees.

Finance-R. Hardy. chairman; c.
l.. Byrne. w. F. Wilmington.
Street and Alley-The aldermen for
each ward are the committee for u,elr
respective wards. with the mayor ai
chairman over them all.
Police.-C. F. Fraley, chairman; ].
S. McCharsn, W. t. Gardner.
Fire-W. T. Gardner. chairman; c.
+. Fraley, r. w. Randol.
Waterworks-C l.. Byrue, chairman;
w. F. Wilmington. r. Hardy.
Ordinance. S Mullens. chairman; /;
r w. Randol. c. L. Byrne.
Cemetery-R. w. Randol, chairman;
w. T. Gardner, ]. s. McCharen.
Sanitary. S. McCharen, chairman.
c. F. Fraley. 7. S. Mullen.
mprovement-W. +. Wilmington
chairman; r. Hardy. r. w. Randol. C.
L. Byrne.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1903-09-18
owes His LIE TO a Neiohbor's Kindness

Mr.. ID. p. Daugherty. well known
throughout Mercer and Sumner couu.
ties, w. Va, most likely owes his
life TO the kindness OF a neighbor. He
was almost hopelessly afflicted with
diarrhoea; was attended by two ply.
siclans who gave him little. II any. re
lief, when a neighbor learning Of h
serious condition. hrl1gh' hin q bot.
tie of Chamberlain's Collie Cholera
and Diarrhoea Remedy. which cured
him in less than twentyfour hours
For sale by City Drug Store, L. J
Ramsey and Ardmore Drug Co.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1903-09-18
A Remarkable Record.

Chamberlain's Cough Remedy has
remarkable record. Il has been ia
use for over thirty years, during
which time many million bottles have
been sold and used Il has long bcen
the standard and main reliance o.
the treatment OF Group in thousands
Of homes, yet during all this time nc
case has ever been reported 10 the
manufacturers In which II failed &c
effect a cure. When given as soon
the child becomes hoarse or even
soon as the croupy cough az.
pears, II viii prevent TIE attack.
Ia pleasant TO take. many childrer
like IL II contains no opium or
er harmful substance and laay be
given as confidently to a baby as L,
an adult. For sale by City Drug Store,
y. ]. Ramsey and Ardmore Drug Co.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1903-09-18
Order Of Motion Thereon.
J. NJ. McCARTY, BankruI

Southern District Indian Territory:
On this the 9TH day of September,
1903, in reading the foregoing petition
It is ordered by the court that hear
ing be had on the same on the 7th
Of October, 1903, before said court at
Ada, l. t. in said district, at 10
O'Clock in the forenoon and that
notice be published in the Daily
Ardmoreite, a newspaper printed in
said district and that all known cred
itors and other persons in interest
may appear at the said time and place
and show cause, II any they have.
why the prayer OF said petitioner
should not be granted. And It is furth-
er ordered by the court that the clerk
shall send by mail to all known cred
itors copies OF said petition and this
order, addressed TO them at their
place of residence as stated.
Witness the Hon. Hosea Townsend,
judge of said court and seal thereof
at Ada, in said district, on the 9TH
day Of September. A. d. 1903.
(Seal.) C. NJ. CAMPBELL.
Clerk.
By b. p. GIBBS, Deputy.
ENrqf utfhlfoba1 G.. m faao
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1903-09-18
Notice Of First Meeting Of Creditors.

Notice Of First Meeting Of Creditors.
In the United States Court in the In
dian Territory, Southern District, at
Pauls Valley, in bankruptcy.
In the matter OF Z. +. Kendall, Jr.,
bankrupt, in bankruptcy.
To the creditors Of E. L. Kendall,
Jr., Of Pauls Valley, of Southern dis
trict aforesaid, bankrupt.
Notice is hereby given that on the
9th day of September, 1903, the said
e. l.. Kendall, Jr., was duly adjudi-
Gated bankrupt, and that the first
meeting OF creditors will be held at
Pauls Valley. in the Southern district.
Indian Territory, on the 21st day OF
September, 1908, at 10 O'Clock in the
forenoon, at which time and place
the said creditors may attend, prove
their claims, Rpoint a trustee, ex.
anime the bankrupt and transact such
other business as may properly come
before said meeting.
YERKER E. TAYLOR.
Referee in Bankruptcy.
First published Sept. 10, 1903.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1903-09-18
J. WOOD TALIAFERRo,
Funeral Director and Licensed
ErabalmeT.

ONCE open day and night. Only
man in the Territory who has license
qualifying him to ship bodies OF per-
sons who have died OF diphtheria,
membraneous Group. scarlet fever,
scarlatina, scarlet rash. glanders, an
thrax and leprosy. Also ship bodies
OF persons who die with less conta-
gious diseases.
Best line Of collins and caskets in
the Indian Territory.
First door east Of A. F. Jones' gro
cery store. d&w.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1903-09-18
Raised From the Dead.

C. w. lands, porter" for the
Oriental hotel, Chanute, Kan, says:
Il know what is was 10 suffer with
neuralgia, deed did. and got a bot.
tie OF Billiards. Snow Liniment and |
was raised from the dead | tried
to get some more. but before had
'deposed OF my bottle. was cured
entirely. | am tellin' de truth. too +"
25c, soc and $1.00 at w b. Frames.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1903-09-18
Rip Van Wrinkle Slept Twenty Year,.

and never heard Of the crack train
Of the Katy Road-"The Katy Flyer.
This is not true OF wide-awake citi-
zens who have occasion TO travel be-
tween Texas, Kansas City and St
Louis. Unparalleled comfort, unex-
celled service, elegant equipment
throughout. Try but once and you
acquire the habit Through Sleepers
to all principal points.
GEORGE MORTON,
G. p. & T. A, NJ. X. & T. Ry.,
st. Louis, Mo.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1903-09-18
Distress After Eatlnq Cured.

Judge w. T. Holland OF Greensburg.
La, who Is well and fayorably known.
says: Two years ago | suffered
greatly from Indigestion. After eat
ing. great distress would invariably
result, lasting for an hour or so and
my nights were restless. | cOnclud-
ed 10 try Kodol Dyspepsia Cure and
Il cured me entirely. Now my sleep
is refreshing and digestion perfect
Sold by all druggists.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1903-09-18

We are closing out ou: stock OF
sewing machines at cost The sale
offers you the finest opportunity you
ever had TO own a good machine at
wholesale cost. Stevens, Kennerly &
Spragins Co.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1903-09-18
CITY GOVERNMENT.
Aldermen.

FTst Ward-R. Hardy, j. s. Nc
Charen.
Second Ward. s. Mullen, c. F.
Fraley.
Third Ward-C. l. Byrne, r. W.
Randol.
Fourth ward-w. T. Gardner, W
+. Wilmington.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1903-09-18

Usually begins with symptoms Of
a common cold; there is chilliness,
sneezing, sore throat, hot sSln, quick
pulse, hoarseness and impeisd respir-
alton. Give frequent small doses Of
Ballards Horehound Syrup. (the child
will cry for iO and at the first sign OF
a croupy cough, apply frequently
Billiards. Snow Lnimeut externally 10
the throat so cents at w. b. Frames's.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1903-09-18
Warning order.

In the United States District Court,
in the Indian Territory, Southern
District:
Lizzie Rich. plaintiff, VS.. ]. W.
Rich, defendant.
The defandant. j. w. Rich. Is warn
cd to appear in this court in thirty
days and answer the complaint Of the
plaintiff, Lizzie Rich.
Witness, Honorable Hosea Town
send, Judge Of said court and the seal
thereof this Sd day OF September,
1903. C.M. CAMPBELL
(Seal) Clerk
Herbert. Walker & Cannon, At.
torneys.
]. c. Graham, Attorney for Non.
Resident.
First published September 3, 1903.
II doesn't cost any more 10 be
cheerful than oad os,a 4. A., . .-.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1903-09-18

Williams, Corhn & Co., have the
most complete stock OF Builders hard
ware In the city.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1903-09-18

You win be better pleased with
your refrigerator ii It's White Noun.
tain Stevens Kennerly & spragins
20.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1903-09-18
Board OF Health.

DR.. ]. W. Moffett, city physician; /;
Drs. 8. s. Carr. ]. w. Smith, Walter
Hardy, Mayor r. w. Dick.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1903-09-18

Take care Of the dimes and you
won't have to break a dollar bill for
car fare.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1903-09-18

Love is the lever that lifts ald
honor is the foundation that holds
the structure at home
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1903-09-18

Refrigerators. the best in the city,
at ]. B. spragins & Co.'S.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1903-09-18

II Ewes mother he'd been around
Adam would have been blamed for
that apple business.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1903-09-18

A stitch in time saves nine, but If
you don't tear something you won't
have to take the first stitch.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1903-09-18

By b. p. GIBBS, Deputy.
First published Sept. 10. 1908.
The Manning times. [volume] (Manning, Clarendon County, S.C.) 1884-current, 1903-10-28
MIGHTY TREES OF SIERRA.
Greatest In Size Of All Creations OF
the Living World.

the Living World.
During all the ages nature has Ia
vored the growth Of forests on the Pa
cifc mountains, providing the peculiar
conditions which make them far differ
ent from, greater in size, more luxuri-
ant, than any other in the world. OF
all the creations Of the living world
none is so great in size, so majestic in
presence, as the mighty trees Of the
Sierra and the Cascades. For here the
air is always fertile with moisture,
clouds blown in from the Pacific ocean
rest among the mountain SUBMITS, even
crowning the tops Of the trees them
selves, and here discharge their rain.
The soil is deep and spongy with cen
turies Of decomposing vegetable matter,
furnishing en- unequaled nurturing
place for vegetation, and there are no
extremes Of heat in summer or depths
Of cold in winter, says the Century
Magazine.
Every condition has been favorable
to unexampled exuberance Of growth
not only Of the largest trees, but Of all
manner of underground, vine, shrub
and brake. A huge tree falls, decays
and is yellowed with thick moss. In
mediately scores Of young frs and ce-
dars spring up along the top Of 1.-THE
first chance Of q bare spot in the wood.
Old burned stumps, gathering soil In
their hollow interiors, are nurseries for
colonies Of young trees, some strong
Individual finally shouldering out the
others, growing larger, and, as the
mother stump drops away, sending It's
roots downward into the earth through
the disintegrating textures until 1t IN
time becomes a great tree.
The Manning times. [volume] (Manning, Clarendon County, S.C.) 1884-current, 1903-10-28
GTO BE CONTINUED.
LIFE IN ENGLISH VILLAGES
It Is Not the Idyl1ic Forn That Poets
Sing About.

It Is Not the Idyl.ic Forra That Poets
Sing About.
81 know a village where there are no
fewer than thirty cottages with but
one bedroom apiece, and in each OF
these single bedrooms six, seven and
more people are sleeping" says a
SIonteiore- Bruce, writing in the Lon
don Mail about life in the average Eng
lish village In one Of them, father,
mother and eight children huddled to-
gether. In another, father, mother and
six chilGren-three CT whom are grown
up-are sleeping. In these cottages
there is one living room downstairs
and no sanitary arrangement Of any
kind. At the back OF the cottages runs
an open ditch. 1t is also an open sewer.
Here, in the very heart Of the coun-
try, expect to find abundance Of pure
water, abundance Of sweet air. Too
often I find neither about the cottages.
Hundreds of villages have no water
supply, though comparatively small
expenditure could provide it. know
village-it is typical of hundreds
where the cottagers have to go half
mile to get water. A foul ditch fur
nishes another village with the whole
Of its water supply. Offensive refuse
heaps lie piled round the crunbling
walls Of the cottages. The wooden
floors within are rotten with sewage.
Norfolk, Suffolk and Essex contain
many such villages, and other counties
such as Bedford, Cambridgeshire,
Wiltshire, Dorset, Somerset-easily vie
with them. could write Of lonely
cottages far across the fields, with no
water within mile, whence the chill
dren morning after morning walk two
miles to school, and drag their tired
limbs that distance back again at night
and this whatever the weather;
where the postal service comes but
once a week; where the men ard boys
walk daily five or six miles to and from
work; where Of drainage there is none;
where of the simplest sanitation there
is none; where the medical officer Of
health comes not, and where the IL
spector of nuisances is unknown
The Manning times. [volume] (Manning, Clarendon County, S.C.) 1884-current, 1903-10-28

wall clothed in ivy, which proved to
be the end Of chapel, for high over
the curtain of thicl, green shone a rose
window. The afternoon sun laid bare
its fine staining. but only in the dark
ness when the church was illuminated
and organ music rolled from it did the
soul Of that window appear struck
through with light.
Strange servants and DR.. Chantry by
glimpses, and the o!d noble and the
Oneida almost constantly, were about
me. Dr.. CLantry looked complacently
through the curtains and wished me
good morning. I smiled to see that he
wes lodged as he desired and that his
clothes had beer. renewed in fine cloth,
with lawn to his neck and silk sttoS,ii----
inss for his shrunk calves Ny master
was an elderly beau, and gave myself
no care that be had spent his money
the money of the expedition-on fop-
perry.
Skenedonk also had new toggery in
scarfs and trinkets which I did not
recognize, and his fine buckskins We're
cleaned. The lackeys appeared sub
servient to him, and his native dignity
was never more impressive than in
that great house. l watched my host
and MY servant holding interviews,
which Skenedonk may have considered
councils, on the benches in the garden,
and from which my secretary, the sick
old woman, seemed excluded. But the
small interest of seeing birds arrive on
branches and depart again su1iced me
until an hour when life rose strongly.
I sat up in bed and, finding myself
alone, took advantage CT an adjoining
room where a marble bath was set in
the floor. Returning freshened from
the plunge with my sheet drawn around
me, 1 found one Of those skilled and
gentle Wallets who seem less men than
be maids.
Il am to dress monsieur when mon
sieur is ready" said this person.
81 am ready now" answered, and
he led me into 4 suit Of rooms and
showed me an array which took my
breath-dove colored satin knee breech-
es and long embroidered coat Of like
color, a vest sprigged with rosebuds,
crayat and lace rufles, long silk stock
ings and shoes to match in exrava-
gance, a shirt of fine lawn and hat
for a noblenan.
"Tell your master" said to the lack
ey, "that he intends me great kindness,
but prefer my own Clothes
''These are monsieur's own clothes,
made to his order and measure"
"But I gave no order, and was not
measured"
The man raised his shoulders and ell
bows with gentlest dissent.
''These are only a few articles Of
monsieur's outfit Here is the key. If
monsieur selects another costume he
will find each one complete"
[TO BE CONTINUED.
The Manning times. [volume] (Manning, Clarendon County, S.C.) 1884-current, 1903-10-28
EMERSON's PROSE STYLE.
EeId to BE Lacking IN the Quality
of w-;tcr. Cn1Icd Masters

EeId to BE Lacking IN the Quality
of Writer'S Called Masters.
What shall be said Of Emerson's
prose? Was Matthew Arnold right
when, as an experienced critic calmly
judging tie favorite author Of his
youth, be denied that the "Essays,"
the lectures and English Traits" form
ed q body of prose of sufficient merit
to entitle Emerson to be ranked as a
great man Of letters? 1t seems as If
the time had come for Emerson's coun-
trymen frankly to accept this verdict.
Because Of deficiencies, both Of style
and Of romance, Emerson does not
belong to the small class Of the great
masters Of prose. His style, despite
the fact that Mature" and many Of
the essays contain pages Of eloquent
prose almost equal in power and beau
ty to noble poetry, was nearly always
that of the lecturer or preacher rather
than that of the writer. He too fire.
Quently lost the note Of distinction and
was content if he satisfied his far from
exigent audiences. In diction, to be
sure, he was a conscious and consum-
mate master, and it need scarcely be
said that few writer's hare surpassed
him in the ability to compose preg-
nant sentence. But, as is generally ad-
mitted and as is shown by his prac-
tfce Of piecirg his notes together, be
was rarely able to evolve paragraph,
much more q whole essay, in mas
terly or even in a workmanlike fashion.
1t may be granted that critics have
overemphasized his lack Of conference,
that there is more logical unity in his
essays than appears On first reading,
that English Traits" and the later
volumes are far from being mere
strings Of "orphic sayings" but the
fact seems to remain that the prose
style OF Emerson from first to last
lacks the frnness, the compass, the
precision, the fexibility, the indigid-
uality we demand Of the prose writer's
whom we denominate masters.-Pro-
fessor Trent in Bookman.
The Manning times. [volume] (Manning, Clarendon County, S.C.) 1884-current, 1903-10-28
women.s Strength In Tears


The. weakest woman in all the world
IS armed with one weapon against
which mans pride and strength are
nowerless. Her tears will win when
everything else has failed. a woman's
tears move her own tender sex as well
as the sterner masculine brutes. Old
and young yield to their potential
SPELL and when the woman happens to
be pretty there is no telling what Will
follow when her bright eyes grow
misty with these messengers from a
wounded heart. It is folly to attempt
to stand out against woman's tears.
They have caused revolutions. They
have made and unmade many great
cause. They can be met in only one
way unconditional surrender.-E1-
change.
The Manning times. [volume] (Manning, Clarendon County, S.C.) 1884-current, 1903-10-28
Pan a Ter Penny Nail through His Hand.

While opening box, J. c. Mount, of
Three Mile Bay, n. Y, ran ten pen
ny nail through the feshy part OF his
hand. II thought at once of all the
pain and soreness this would cause
me-" he says, "and Immediately applied
Chamberlain Pain Balm and occasion
ally afterwards. To my surprise it re-
moved all pain and soreness and the in
jured parts were soon healed" For
sale by The r. B. Loryea Drug Store,
Isaac NJ. Loryea, Prop.
The Manning times. [volume] (Manning, Clarendon County, S.C.) 1884-current, 1903-10-28
A Cure For Dyspepsia.

l had dyspepsia in its worst form and
felt miserable most all the time. Did
not enjoy eating until after I used Ko-
dol Dyspepsia Cure which has COM
pletely cured mo.-Mrs. Wr W. Saylor
Hilliard, Pa. No appetite, loss OF
strength. nervousness. headache, ,constl-
patton. bad breath, sour risings, indi-
gestion, dyspepsia and all stomach
troubles are quickly cured by the use
of Kodol. Kodol represents the natural
Juices of digestion combined with the
greatest known tonic and reconstruc-
tive properties. 1t cleanses, purifees
and sweetens the stomach. Sold by The
r. B. Lorvea Drug Store.
The Manning times. [volume] (Manning, Clarendon County, S.C.) 1884-current, 1903-10-28
Placing Hin Right.

AS a northern express drew up at a
station in the early morning for few
minutes wait, a pleasant looking gen
tleman stepped out on the platform,
and, inhaling the fresh air, enthusias-
tically observed to the guard:
"Isn't this invigorating?"
'No, sir; it is Normanton," said the
conscientious employee.
The pleasant looking gentleman re-
tired.-London Telegraph.