davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1903-10-13

ever. the four-inch tire is more generally
used than any other width.
1t IS quite apparent that the use of the
wide tire vehicles is becoming more popu-
lar among the farmers and teamsters as
their advantages become better and more
favorably known. All readily agree that
wide tires are rOad-makers and narrow
tires are road breakers" Long experience
has proven that the use OF narrow tires
is the greatest enemy known to our com
mon roads. This IS not only true in
gard to the unmproved, but to the inn
proved roads as we'll. whether they are
constructed of macadam, gravel or sand
clay Their use is also damaging to land,
stock, wagons and harness in the haul
ing of heavy loads of produce through
cultivated fields II gathering the tall
crops This is an important item and Is
also seriously considered by the practical
farmer Both practical and scientific tests
have proven that there Is reason for
the existence Of the narrow tires and they
arc being loudly condemned from tbs
standpoint Of utility as we'll as OF destruc
ton of roads. It is the theory of some
that on soft roads wagon with narrow
tires may generally be hauled moro easily
than one with wide tires, for the reason
that very soft roads will be cut to an
equal depth by wheels of whatever width.
As rule however, only very light loads
can be hauled over ways Of this sort,
and the width Of the tire in such cases
is therefore of no great consequence.
On hard roads the loaded wagon may
be hauled on either wide or narrow tires
by the exertpn of substantially the same
power and 80 far as the necessary power
is concerned the use of the wide tires or
hard surface offers no advantage. In
its effect upon the road surface OF pave
7nent however, wide tire cXerts a posi-
tive advantage while the narrow tire, by
its grinding, abrasive and cutting quail
ties, destroys the surface. forms ruts and
holes. makes the road less impeTVious to
water-another great enemy to roads
and their use should therefore be pro
hibited.
On soft ground and sod. where the wide
tire is more or less sustained and the mar
row tire cuts in, the advantage Is de-
cidedlv in favor of Inc wide tire and this
ADVANTAGE increases In proportion as the
difference between the width Of the two
fires increases up to a certain point. 4
fire exceeding about seven inches IN
width has never been found to be Of
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1903-10-13
THE USE OF TIKI WIDE TlRE VEHICLES

created for the wide tires such wagons
would be manufactured in sufficient guam
tity, and at a very slight additional cost
over the narrow-tired wagons which are
most generally used. thereby enabling
every farmer to secure one. This beng
the ease, it therefore bchoovcs every ono
interested IN the improvement Of the pub
lie highways TO exert his utmost endeav-
or TO encourage the use OF vide tirc~
f,vcry citizen Of this country whether he
resides within the city limits or N the
rural districts, is directly or indirectly
interested in all progressive internal i'm
provements and ii is conceded that none
are of greater Importance or benefit t.
all than the bcttcrment of the common
roads: therefore, whatever may bc ac-
complshcd for the increased use Of the
wide tires very materially aids this good
cause
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1903-10-13
Hold Your Cotton for 10CtS

Mr.. T. B. Parker, secretary Of the
Farmers Alliance has just returned from
Edgecomte county, where he has been ie
organizing the Alliance. He has sent out
a letter to the different county secretaries
of the alliance in the State, and after re-
ferring to his trip to Edgecombe, makes
the following recommendations that should
prove Of interest to our cotton and tobacco
growers:
q found there as we'll as elsewhere in
the State a short cotton crop, as COM
pared with last years crop, also a dis
position to hold cotton after it went be-
low 10 cents a pound With unity OF ac-
ton / believe the farmers can get 10 cents
for their cotton if they Will hold for
that price. I have written Mr.. Ha1vie
Jordan. of Georgia, President of the Cot
ton Growers Association, in regard to the
matter and have suggested that he 1t
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1903-10-13

For many years in many of the fo'clgn
countries the wide tire vehicles have
been constantly IN use, ant: during the
past decade many Of the States OF our
own country have wisely attempted to
initiate the good example of our nelghbors
across the waters. Whenever experiments
have been made, whether at home or
q abroad. good results have followed, great
Iy to the advantage of the general pubic
as we'll as to the roads themselves.
There seems to have been no general
law established governing the width of
tires but each country or State is prlvl
legged to adopt such laws as are best suited
to the prevailing conditions OF each dis
tinct territory and IN accordance with the
wishes Of the people concerned. These
laws in regard TO the width vary consld-
crab bly,, ranging from a MINIMUM OF three
inches 10 a maximum of SIX inches; now
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1903-10-13

IL great deal has been said ara writ
.' o.. late in regard TO the teaching
F'tU" and the clements of agricul-
.''' III the rural schools, and we arc glad
d. ''."s he tendency in this direction
e., o"' teaching viii be far more cf-
-@'' ne children have object les
,,., around the school house The hare
fl, '"eerIes~ grounds around most OF
-r... 'o1alFy school houses give the
.fl.,. ~ lie idea Of what naaural beauty
t,.. o'' and are generally examples of
Lo 17E and inviting the premises can
rl.,.. NO" that the time for the
is -.-@ o, hardy trees and shrub0ery
Som, near at hand it is time 10 ma k2
grl. . plans tor the beautifying of tho
rr, around the school house. Ma
f., ."-ea will be far more attractive
the 'op,s # they have a part IN
t5.,L practical application cf some Of the
rlI'5.. ".} may be taught. Get the
the rre,. interested in the making Of
.,'a.se~ attractive. Prepare we'll
With. plan for the grounds. ard
all ort '"'E not DC possible TO carry it
On ' ,, '' once. keep Working by .legrees
Fam. Plan until il rs corplotc. Ar
-'- good breadth of grass plot
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1903-10-13

acre of kainit are needed thcra 10 pre-
vent the finger and toe Ireoase il turu.--.
which is i great trouble there where the
root crops are 81 far more lnportauca
than in this country Bu what eem- GJ
u- the eruZ oi tae matter l- the advice
TO apply limo more frequently and IN
small quantities. and - use the fresh
ground lime We have long urged thai
light application oil ltnc more frequent
ly repeated j. great deal better taar
heavy applications iouG Intervals.
Tti- IS especially true io -oil aa5una.n-
ia hUmu- for it j moss known t4at the
bacteria II n.trifcal5oH can act their
carbon directly from h lllo carbonate.
ara hence the niJrIdcatlgu j. fa~ more
ra7ld IN the presence or q plentiful supply
OF lime the soil. A. the Ire soon ~
INTO the moro insolub.e state aud sinks
rapidly in the soil, frequent Isat app'j-
cation would soon TO Do tlSr, a7 il wou'd
keep some lime in tn" surface sol setere
tho organic matter mainly lies. But pe
think that i l. questionable sehe, hor III
bis country and with our system ot
farming an annual application is desir-
able In a snort three or fouryear ro-
tatIon application once IN the rotation
would, We think, be sufficient
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1903-10-13

once communicate with the cotton farm
ers Of the South and urge them to hold
then cotton for 10 cents. As soon as
heal from him I will publish his concfu-
siOns so that our farmers may act in con
cert with the farmers OF all the cotton
growing States. In the mean time urge
every farmer, whether be belongs to the
Alliance or not, to staLd with us for
minimum price cf 10 cents per pound.
also advise against selling tobacco at pres
cnt low prices. Let ali who probably can,
hold their tobacco until there IS a market
for it at paying prices There Is nothing
to lose by holding (for it IS now selling
for less than cost of production). but IN
my opinion much is to be gained. Plan
10 materially curtail the crop for next
year. In the place of tobacco arrange to
plant crops that can be consumed on the
farm. It will be better to let the land
rest than to spend year IN cultlvatlng
crop that viii not pay cost of produc-
ton
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1903-10-13
THE COTTON CROP OF TO-DAY.

The last number of the Review CT lie
views has an instructive article by the
editor Of the manufacturers Record with
the alove title. This article pres :nts
some very striking figures. Since June
1881 the exports of -four, wheat ana
corn aggregated in value 81 100 900 eco,
while the cotton, cotton goods and cot
ton>eed products for the same period cx-
ported amounted to $500, Geo, 900. Two
years ago, the writer says, our corn crop
was cut short 40 per cent. by drought
and hot winds, but that enormous dc
crease did not create any excitement in
the financial and manufacturing centres
OF the world and did not even halt the
phenomenal progress of Western rallroad
obstruction, but it would take Il vivid
imagination to picture the disasters that
would follow 30 per cent decrease IN the
Cotton crop of this country, to such
an extent i@ the industrial welfare of the
world dependent on this crop. The writer
further remarks that the Northern travel
e. IN the South, who has been accustomed
10 grass end green fields, thinks the
Southern soil looks very poor, and he
wonders how cotton growing can support
tha growers. But he little understands
tie situation. The average ya!Ie per
.cre Of the cotton crop for the year 1901
Was So The average value per acre of
the wheat crop III the same year was
f.-4 per acre, and the average value
per acre Of the corn crop of the counry
was $10.S2 On the richer and better
tarmei lands of the South the value per
ere will run up to $40 or $50. With a
e0p that produces such results as these
with he acknowledged poor farming. 1T
.- hard % estimate its value If the Whcle
South was farmed as 1t should be North
eTn tarmers going South seldom want 10
60 into cotton culture because they az
tribute the worn character OF much Of
the and to the crop. when in reality
The crop j. one of the least exhaustive
OF crops if the meal from the seed I. o.
duned Is returned to the soil. either 'i-
recJty or through feeding it to stock,
Al the prices now commanded by cotton
the figures above given will be nearly
doubled. and anyone can see what would
b" he result If the cotton crop OF to-
d.. was produced on half the number
oi acres while the rest of the land was
growing forage crops ana feeding stock.
Inc article we have noticed closes with
t1e- To:0Wing suggestive remarks: In
ltt there were 302 00O hands ampoyed
I'D the cotton mills of this country. ON
}hs bass The full utilization il our mills
o. the ton and half million bales We
tc" Woduce would furnish employment
-'f nearly million operatives For the
control Of this vast industry, employing
milton people. probably two billions Of
1"Ntal. and producing about 81 500 600, ,0G0
a.eaf OF finished goods the South IS now
beginning TO contend. It is a price worth
lAe struggle, for it Is enough 70 enrich
zh empire Add TO the $500, 900 900 or
S98'''1o1. the present value of the
cotton ;'nd seed crop. the 81 100. 600 as
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1903-10-13

The month Of September up to this time
(2oth) has been very like the preceding
ones of the summer, cooler than normal
and showery. though not quite so far from
the normal as August, there having been
about week OF really typical September
weather, warm, clear and with nights
dewy, but not too cold. This has helped
crops to maturity, and corn \and tobacco
are being cut all over the State AMI the
adjoining ones FurtheS South the crops
are mostly harvested except cotton ana
this IS being picked IN all the States grow
ing It. The first bale Of Virginia cotton
was marketed in Petersburg about the
18th Of September Cow peas as being
cut for hay and second crops Of clover
and grass are being cut, and excellent
yields are being secured. The corn crop
Of the South, except upon the river low
grounds is probably one Of the best ever
made certainly this Is so in Virginia on
the low grounds whilst there are some
good crops, yet the majority are not up
to the highest average. The land was too
wet and cold at planting time and good
stands were not secured. and the weather
has during all the growing season been
too showery to permit of as frequent Gull
tivation as should have been given. We
know Of many crops that have not had
more than one working, and in which the
weeds are nearly as tail as the corn.
This Will cut down the yield considerably.
A good deal of the crop IS also late, and
should we have early frost will suffer
some injury. In this respect, however.
we are much better off than the Western
States, where the crop is also late, and
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1903-10-13

l-.ethod" of close planting, and rad no
trouble to sell al l had at paying fig
ures. And yet at other timas. ana on
rich soil, too, they failed to come up to
expectations. l would not risk a large
patch in that way. even il thought the
conditions were all favorable and with
plenty Of water at hand for irrigatlna
purposes. l usually plant In single or
double row, and blanch by means OF
boards. The late non sell bleaching va
rleties pascal, Evans Triumph. Ne1
Winter Queen do best when blanched
BY earth banking in the fall, or during
storage in cellar or trench.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1903-10-13
THE Lutte GRAPE

L. G. Perry, West Plains, Mo-: I'll:
Notes from a Carolina Garden in an Au-
gdst issue Of ?. F. you mention red
grape called the Lutte. Please tell nc
where l can get vine or two. y must
leave 1t for the readers of the p. F. to
lcol1 through the catalogues Of scodsrien
and nurserymen for things of this kind.
The Lutte. as l remember it, Is sweet,
but oh, so foxy! This, however, is no
disqualification in the estimation Of many
grape lovers. Get lot Of catalogues
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1903-10-13

the value OF, the finished product and tho
Sl23,00o0o0 as the present value OF the
product of the cOttonseed oil mills and
the total of about 50. $50 600 000-merely
OF course, rough estimate in round fig
urcs-ls the dazzling wealth which the
South, by natural advantages has the
right to claim and the certainty OF eyeat-
ually winning.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1903-10-13
GROWING CELERY FOR MARE

GROWING CELERY FOR MARKET.
c.. NJ. Linn, Pine Bluff, Ark. I intend.
ed to purchase celery plants and put out
some ten or fifteen thousand about Sep
tember 10Th to October 1st | have hut
little experience in the culture. Set out
a few hundred last year, September 18th,
and was fairly successful Bleached with
paper and boards Am interested in the
new method of close planting G, to 10
fnches) and bleaching that way. The
point with me IS If grown that way
without handling, will not the plants be
spread out and not in good form }or
market? Should it not be handled, and
if so would it bleach sufficiently? As ]
understand this is for the self-beaching
sorts and would not do for Giant Pascal
and others of like character. My water
supply will be windmill, elevated tank
of 500 barrel capacity need G close
Planted celery is not 50 much the handling
a the proper blanching. The plarts,
without handling, grow IN as COCA form
as any market can desire. y ct they do
not always blanch as nicely (even II the
White Plume looks white) IS is desirable,
or as they will when light Is excluded
by boards or earth Earth blanchiug glve~
probably the highest quality | have had
celery do exceeding well under TIE new
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1903-10-13

GROWING RHUBARD AT THE SOUTH.
A reader in North Carolina recently
asked If there Is not a way for HIM o
grow rhubard. He has tri1d a number OF
times, raising the plants from retd, and
taking all possible pains with theIc, even
gcing so lar as to provide partial sha3e,
he Is very fond of the acrid stalks
yet they have invariably died when sum
mer came. We grow rhubarb here to per
fcction, both in early spring and some
times towards fall. But usually the stalks
show but little vitality and make but lit
tie growth during hot summer weather.
I asked our accomplished chief editor,
Prof. Massey, how rhubard behaves with
HIM, and he replied as follows: In reply
to your query have to say that l have
never succeeded III growing a stalk CT
rhubard IN North Carolina. 1t may posi-
bly, succeed on a piece of low bottom or
iHtervale land, but [ have never tried
It. on such land In my garden here /
have tried planting roots from the nnr
sery. / have tried growing it from seed
in the place where L wanted it 10 re-
main, but one summer always finished K,
and l have quit trying to grow it. |
would be glad TO be able to grow it, Tor
l am fond of it and we lack these acid
things since, of course, we cannot grow
gCoseberries and currants.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1903-10-13

The ~bowcry summer wc have had has
made the growth Of weeds very hea~v-
These -houl hc got under ground a soon
as possible IN order that they may add +,
the vegetable matter IN the soil The
ground is now cool and there viii be no
danger Of souring the land by turning
down these crops. and they viii greatly
improve the condition u the land cpccia
~ if it IS at the same time sub-9.ieI an3
Continued on Thlrl Page
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1903-10-13
NOTES FROM A CAROLINA GARDEN

It is a little odd that many of the
books on vegetable gardening tell u to
sow the pricIy seeded spinach III the
fali and the round seeded in the spring
The fact is that no experienced gardener
ever sows the prickly seeded sort in the
fall, and market gardeners seldom SOW
II at any time. We are reminded TO say
this from the fact that we are just now
CONTINUED on Third Page)
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1903-10-13

The average condition Of the to-
bacco crop is in advance OF the con-
dition for several years but we are
afraid from what we hear that
the quality is not likely to be of The
best There is pretty general complaint
that the quality is coarse, and that there
viii be difficulty in securing nice cure.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1903-10-13

The conclusion of spring wheat harvest
ing in the Northwest has been marked by
disastrous weather, and our prediction as
to the shortage IN the wheat crop IS being
fulfilled. The crop of winter and spring
wheat, together is going 10 be more than
one hundred million bushels less than
that Of last year, and as the wheat crop
of the world is also likely to be a short
one, we see no reason t. alter our opinion
that wheat will sec material advance in
price; indeed, it is already worth from
10 TO i cents more per bushel than II
was 4 year ago. Corn is also likely, iii
our opinion, to be worth more money, as
the Western crop il late one and Ger
taiE to be much of ii immature when
frost strikes it, The oat crop is very
greatly below that Of last year in guam
tity, and much Of i is badly damaged
This Will help to enhance the value or corn.
as these two great feeding crops arc used
interchangcably. Whenever either crop is
short the other always advances in price.
and when both are short as viii be the
case this year, they both advance.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1903-10-13

Thy work OF sowing tie wheat aH1 ..t
crops should receive immediate attention.
/ is already late 20 sow winter aats hut
whore the land is ncI Ir"pa1ed ana iHa
seed drilled SO IS to ge' good cover. they
may yet be seeded upon wrIl drained
sound land. Wheat should MT be seed
"a un we have had frost -p 1s to -eu5
damage from the fly. In tho meantime.
let all the work possible be done on thc
land to make the seed bed perfect oue.
More depends upon tins than uIau the
quantity on quality Of tho fertilizer us.a.
Have the under surface sold onpan. nHI
tie top two OF three inches ae Guo ae l.z-
sjbIc. To secure tins condition ~ s9.l tha
roller and The harrow should he kept rs.
ing Where wheat Is to follow corn. tta
corn should be cut a. soon a@ possible
and either hc 20. of the I8nd or he at
UP in shocks a. far apart iu lne rowe as
possible. Corn land that was deeply ulo#-
ed in the spring and has been kept well
and frequently cultivated during the
growth OF the crop may be seeded 10 wheat
without being plowcd again u iha sus-
face four or five inches j. well broken
with the disc harrow or ouitva Nor. ana
then brought into fine condition #ftt
tho roller and harrow. We nero knata
quite as good crops to be made fH-
w&y a- by rcplowlus tho band. Iu our
last issue ~ wrote fully On the .eeIiu~
of the wheat crop and to that -yue uo
refer our readers. one point SEQ which
VIC did not then advert we now press aa
the attention OF readers See g. b. that
provision Is made by farfon- for taking
off surface water a. quickly rs roaslu@e.
Wheat cannot succeed when standing ln
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1903-10-13

Cotton is being vi. ha3 all uNer :h, ..t.
Ton lolt. and IS hk.lE ( III weather aar-
tinues open. - make ! better ytal4 THAN
at one time seemed possible Tb. pr.a
is stll hsh. au1 tho u1ie4tpns aae sar
tins To- bc maintained St#gk are boss au8
the demand good
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1903-10-13

Sweet potatoes are making good yield
The second crop al IRISH pe-tt.e- le urt
gong 20 be up 10 The average as mu,a
of tho seed rotted from tn" excessive Istu.
st planting tlInc, Il VIII pay - C3te at.
tentiou to this csop. Is the II.-h potato
crop Of the country is very seriously Yt-
fected with blight. and wiA mot ho hka.y
TO be large or TO keep well.
The Brownsville daily herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1897-1910, 1903-10-06
The First Canadian Nurse.

Georgiana Pope, of Ottawa, went
out to South Africa with the first
Canadian contingent as a nurse, and
later was transferred to the field
hospital of the Mounted Rifles. She
has just received the decoration of
the Red Cross, instituted by Queen
Victoria for nurses Distinguishing
themselves by special competency
and devotion. The decoration, .
SAYS an Ottawa paper, is a cross
enaneled with crimson and edged
with gold, bearing the words Faith,
Hope and Charity. In the center
of the diverse appears the queens
efhgv. On the reverse side are rep
resented her majesty's royal and
imperial cipher and crowns. The
ribbon is dark blue"
The Brownsville daily herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1897-1910, 1903-10-06
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