The Evening statesman. [volume] (Walla Walla, Wash.) 1903-1910, 1903-09-24

is therefore desirable 10 make dIlo""
ance the smallest that can be made
and still give the people all the water
they need under existing conditions.
An era of education in reduction OF
waste should be begun, and by TINS
means extending the life OF the first
installation considerably beyond the
period for which it was designed. This
plan of filtering all the water is prac-
ticable and is used with unqualThed
success on many water systems whose
source is a stream, subject to fresh
cts and carrying considerable sus-
pended matter. Filtration plants are
in use at New York, Louisville, Phil
adelphia, Albany, St. Louis, LeXlng-
ton, East Providence, Cincinnati, lth-
AGA, Wyack, New Orleans, Carthage,
Havana, etc, and other places too
numerous to mention.
From the distributing reservoir the
water is to be conducted to the city
by gravity. The reservoir should be
about $50 feet above the general ele-
walton Of the town Of not less than
100000 gallons capacity, and built In
two basins so that one basin may be
emptied and cleaned while the other
is furnishing water 70 the city.
A water system by conduit and
without a distributing reservoir is on
ly makeshift. In case of an exten-
sive fire, when the draft upon The
mains exceeds the capacity OF the
conduit Ca condition without a reser-
voir), trouble is at hand. There is
nothing SO satisfactory as to have
large volume of water stored in a
reservoir to draw upon when 1t IS
wanted.
In order to economic in eXpendl-
ture sufficiently to afford good large
reservoir, l should unhesitatingly rec
ommend the use Of wooden pipes in
place of iron for distributing mains
and thus effect a saving without in
the least impairing the efficiency of
the service.
Capacity of Conduit.
The conduit should be planned to
carry 5000, 900 gallons per "a hours.
If a grade Of 60 feet per mile can be
maintained from the reservoir to the
point of intake on the creek a 16
inch pipe would be sufficient. This OF
course is arger than the present
needs of the city would require, bui
inasmuch as we have every reason
to contiue to grow, and inasmuch as
the growth Of the city is going to de-
pend to some extent on its water sup
ply, l do not think it would be aivis
able to construct conduit OF small
er capacity. The conduit line woulC
start from small diverting dam in
Mill creek, located at a desirable
point on that stream. From here
the conduit would carry the water tC
a small covered settling basin OF
sand trap. From this point the line
would run in as direct line as the
grades and contour of the ground
| would permit to the distributing res
ervoir. The conduit would of course be
built of wooden pipe, which woulc
be cheaper than iron or vitrified pipe
and much to be preferred to vitrifiet
pipe.
| Outlet Main.
From the reservoir to we'll within
the city, the outlet main should moi
| be less than 20 inches in diameter
and should extend to Main and First
From Main and First the main should
not be less than 16 inches on Mair
street from First to Sixth.
A careful examination of your
water map, shows conclusively tina;
the Walla Walla system Is suffering
from that old trouble, Sc common IL
all the early water systems, viz: toe
small pipes.
In order to understand the detri
mental results of small mains I quote
you the following as an example.
A 20-inch main will carry in "a
hours 100000 gallons Of water
through 1900 feet Of pipe, with a
loss of head Of 42R feet.
A 16inch main will carry the same
amount of water through the same
distance with loss Of head Of IS
feet.
In the first instance, we would lose
about IS lbs pressure, while in the
last case we would lose about Ill lbs.
II we were fighting fire from this
point and our source of supply was
ESQ feet high, We would have on the
2O-inch main a pressure for fire pur-
poses SO lbs, while on the 16-incn
main the pressure would only be sc
lbs.
A 4-inch main carrying 20 cubic
feet per minute (about 215,OO0 gals.
per "a hours) loses in head in a dis
lance of 1000 feet about 35 fee. or
Is lbs, while a 6-inch main doing the
same service would only lose ITO
feet head or lbs.
New Feeder Mains.
In order to get a better system and
mako tho water works much more eff