New-York tribune., 1903-04-18


efforts. and for the intimation he gives us, IN
his theory of emotions. Of an approach to nina
through the body. But the elevation of such
an approach to the place Of a recognized psy-
Geological method was not possible to Descartes.
Kant. or any else who lived and theorized
before the remarkable advance made in the
second half of the nineteenth century in the
physiology OF the nervous system And even
as II is, many questions which will in the end
admit of investigation from the side OF the
organism still in allegiance till new light
is cast upon obscure processes OF the brain
and nerves
In the same paper It is pointed out that much
is now required of psychologist in the way OF
general scientific knowledge. the result. Of
course. of the demand for scientific method Of
dealing with the phenomena Of the human mind
In succeeding essays Professor Baldwin gives
detailed accounts of some interesting expert
mental work done by himself in Princeton and
Toronto University. AS might be expected from
his doctrine Of organic selection, he places
high value upon the psychology OF childhood,
and his present contributions to this study in
clude a paper on the origin of volition In child
hood and another dealing with imitation and its
influence on the mind. Both will be found very
interesting The same may be said OF his
Origin of Emotional Expression" were it not
for the intricate paths of ratiocination through
which he leads US: similar objection applies to
his essay. THE Perception of External Reality
An important paper is that dealing with the
psychology Of religion. This was originally
given as lecture before the Princeton Philo-
sophcal Seminary In March of last year In 1t
the author contends that religion is function
of the personal development, and that an ade-
quate theory OF the rise Of personal self-con-
sciousness accounts ipse facto for the religious
life also From the assertion that religious SEN
tirnent falls generIcalIy in the class called per-
sona1 sentiments, he proceeds Ito determine the
specific character Of this sentiment-the marks
that distinguish Il from others of its class.
These marks he finds. with the aid of the
analytic and emotional schools OF psychology 10
be the extreme feeling of dependence and the
extreme feeling OF awe or reverence Following
out this theory it is perfectly natural for him 10
conclude that the great varieties shown in re-
ligious views Indicate or flow from variations OF
seIf-consciousness. The purely philosophical
section Of the book contains the papers Whlch
will undoubtedly prove the most difficult reao-
ing and it is open question whether OF no
some of them might not have advantageousiF
been omitted, it being taken for granted 'ha'
the Fragments" as published are intended for
laynen Such essays are those dealing WIN
Spinoza Materialistc philosophy and the cos
mic process will be found puzzling to other tnan
strangers in the realm of philosophy But none
need balk at the Philosophy and Llfe' "hlch
is a clear exposition of the authors phlosoPhi-
ca1 ideal His view or the mission Of philosophy
is we'll worth quoting:
It's concern is to reach the statement OF Iacts
which underlie all knowledge. and OF rules TOT
the conduct Of the understanding II! te oI1s
lines of research. It aims to make men VIGOROUS
thinkers awake to alternatives. patient OF ny
potheses, cautious of conclusions: ape i,o IN a.
+act and defence liberal and catholic in opinion
Tvcessive literary culture makes ren in some
degree erudite pedantic, nearsighted 10 uuln,
excessive scientific culture MAKES aIsatbetic 1ea to
the more probematic bearings OF truth; PHIlo
sophical culture makes men, or shouIo ~ man
men judicial, tolerant alive to the lnhnlte Pes
sihiIities of truth and full of reverence IoT
truthful thought and, most Of ALL Tor truthIui
life
The second volume Of the Dictionary OF
Philosophy and Psychology brings the vocabu-
lary to an end the section yet to appear oeing
devoted to general bibliographies. The VoIuIne
now under consideration will be FOUND eHcep-
tionaIIy useful to students who are occupied
with the two works have just discussed, as
II includes excellent definitions Of natural selec-
tion ontogeny organic selection. orthoplasy. re-
action time and similar terms which are usec
SO extensively in Development and Evolution
and fragments of Philosophy and Science
What is Of especial import is that each term Is
defined by more than one writer. so that If the
student fails TO find one definition satisfactory |
he will be almost certain to have the difficulty |
cleared away by another authority We OBJ |
case of the first volume continues IN this, though
not to such a marked extent, the tendency, |
namely, to include a number of non-sc1entifc |
terms and terms OF sciences which have scarcely
the vaguest conection with either philosophy or |
psychology and are well defined in other wol ks |
of reference Such terms as legend" '1eZe |
majesty ''metayer system "misdemeanor.
mob" money" monopoly" and "Nazarttes,' |
for instance, seem out Of place in a dictionary |
like this. It is true that their presence ILay be
defended the ground that philosophy en- |
braces all the sciences, but to this the answer !
might be given that definitions of all terms |
should be included if the work rested on this !
basis.
When all is said, however, the fact remains |
that Professor Baldwin and his colleagues have |
done much TO make the path of the tyro in |
philosophy smooth as possible. One great |
difficulty in studying both philosophy and psy- |
chology is that recognized authorities often en-
ideas. and. the other hand, use differing |
terms to express idea This dictionary not /
only seeks to find common Technology but to |
blaze a trail for future writer's philosophy |
TO follow. 1t would appear to US that the !
editors have done their work well but time lone |
can tell whether the philosophers of the future
will be any more tractable in the matter of
terminology than the philosophers of the past
have been.
SHAKESPEARE And THE DFVTT