River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1903-07-23

most abject ubmission-submitted to the
most humilating penance When his day
of power returned, he deposed Gregory and
imprisoned him for three years in the castle
of St. Angelo, then drove him into exile,
and placed Clement Ill. in his chair. Never
for one moment would Gregory compromise
the rights of the church. 81 have loved
JUSTICE he said ''hated iniquity, and there
fore | die in exile"
In the pontifcate of Urban H., 1903, began
the crusades, preached by Peter the Hermit.
He conceived the wild project of driving the
Mohammedans from Jerusalem. So enthusi-
astic was one of his harangues that the vast
assembly rose and with one voice cried, cit
is Gods will''-fastened a red cross upon
their shoulders, after which there could be
no looking back More than 300 900 started
but few survived. Five crusades followed.
The last ended with the death of Louis *,
by fever, before the walls of Tunis.
When Innocent III. assumed the papal
crown. ll9S, he resorted to the same high
handed measures as had Gregory VII. When
John of England refused to confirm the cleo
ton of Stephen Langton as archbishop of
Canterbury Innocent deposed him and
placed the kingdom under an interdict.
Philip Augustus of France he excommuni-
Gated because he had repudiated has wife
and taken another. The king was obliged
to submit and restore his wife to her place.
Innocent established the inquisition-ma
transubstantiatio in the Lord supper and
auricular confession dogmas of the church.
1t was the time of the children's crusade,
one of the most remarkable events in history.
Thousands of children assumed the cross
by their enthusiasm overruled parents and
guardians and departed. Thirty thousand
French went by the way of Marseilles. They
were placed on board vessels and sold into
slavery in Africa. Seven thousand Germans
went to Genoa-unable to find vessels, set
tied there, having suffered too much on the
way to try to return.
Gregory X, 1911, established the regula-
tions of the conclave for electing a pope,
which have never been changed
Martin ", 1882, was the confederate and
ally of Charles of Anjou, conqueror of Sicily,
who, by cruelty, caused the massacre called
Sicilian Vespers, as happening at the hour
French fell. Martin bore such enmity to the
German nation as to wish that Germany
was pond full of fish and he pike, that
he might swallow them all.
Boniface VIII, 1898, was another pope
who arrogated to himself the power to rule
kings and emperors. At his induction the
kings of Sicily and Hungary held his bride
on the way to Lateran and served him at
table with their crowns upon their heads.
It was Boniface who first wore a double
crown as sign of power over spiritual and
temporal things, saying, Il am Caesar, l am
emperor" Seventy years later Urban
added the third crown as sign of the
power of the popes in Heaven, on earth and
in hell. Boniface accommodated Philip
the Fair of France. Philip defended his roy
al rights-cut off the pope's supplies. To
gain money. the pope sold indulgences to all
who would make a pilgrimage to Rome.
Two millions visited it in one year. 1t was
the beginning of q pope's jubilee and has
since been celebrated every % years Philip
sent emissaries to seize the pope's person.
Boniface acted with spirit, donned his pom
tifical robes and the tiara, took the keys
and the cross in his hand, seated himself in
the papal chair, saying, "Sinee l am be-
trayed as Jesus Christ was betrayed, will
die at least as a pope" He was imprisoned
had such a fear of poison he refused food.
He was soon released and died month la
ter. 1t was Boniface who exiled Dante, who
wrote of him that he gained the popedom
Ike a fox, lived it like lion, and died ike
/ dog" Dante assigned him a place in his
[nferno-indeed, Dante admitted neither