davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1903-03-19
REIoNs oF PoPEs.
Only Four Have Governed the Church
Longer Than leo. XIII.

Only Four Have Governed the Churcf
Longer Than leo. Kill
Only four popes have governed tds
church for a longer period Of time
than Leo Kill The apostle Peters
pontiheate lasted thirty-four years
from A. D. 3S to 67; that OF Plus TX
thirty-one years. from 1916 to 1878;
OF Plus W. twenty-four years. from
1775 TO 1893. and Adrlan's twenty-three
years and ten months from 772 to 7s5
Leo XIII. has now reigned for twenty
three years and nine months. having
been elected to the papal throne on
Feb. 90 1878. The pope St. Agathui
died Ia 6S2 at the age Of 107 years;
Gregory TX. in l241, aged 80; celes-
tine III, In 1898 at the age Of s2 years
Leo XIII. will probably reach the age
Of Celestine. and It is hoped that Of
Gregory TX
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1903-03-19

Notwithstanding the advance Of
Electricity. the consumption of gas
;oes on increasing. thanks to cooking
toves and penny-in-the-slot meters.
Statistics compiled for the Gas World
lear Book show that in the United
Kingdom is manufactured yearly 1885,
SO. .SS5 900 cubic feet in single year.
The gas cooking stoves in use in.
reased II per cent; the number now
use Is well over 100000 stoves
'enny-in-the-slot consumers increased
8 per cent. and have also mounted
I'll above 1000 00o.-London Mail.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1903-03-19
Hat Adornment Safe from seizure


Attorney General Sheets Of Ohio
iolds that the state game warden had
10 authority to seize plumage and hat
decorations under the game laws of
he state. His opinion is that all the
department can do is to institute
prosecutions against dealers and not
proceed as II live game was IN con
roversy. He said bird might be
aiken to be used rs evidence. but not
IN the ground that it is illegal prop
rty The attorney general goes fur
her and says women who wear such
llumage are not subject to arrest. He
iolds also that plumage purchased be.
ore the law went into effect is ex-
mpt-Cincinnati Enquirer.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1903-03-19

Work has begun in the Salt River
valley on a great plan for the growing
If citrus fruit indoors. The project
involves the roofing Of more than one
thousand acres Of orange, lemon and
pomelo trees. and is undertaken by the
Territorial Association Of Citrus Fruit
Growers.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1903-03-19
KEYS OF LONDON.

Lord Mayor win Give Them TO King
Edward at This Monument,
At the spot where old Temple Bar,
in London, used to stand, but where
now an inartistic monument nick
named THE Griffin" occupies the CEN
ter Of the narrow roadway, the lord
mayor, with his mace bearer, his
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1903-03-19
ROSE TO HoNoRs.

formes seo,ion Hand Appointed JudEs
on Illinois bench.
Frederick y whito. who has Just at
the age Of "a. been appointed County
Judge OF Livingston County. Illinois.
10 on the unexplred term Of luCss
Brickman. resigned was few sehrs
ago a section hand on a railroad. Judge
White was born Of poor parents and
earned money for college term by
tamping The ties Of the Chicago and
Alton railroad He was educated al
the Illinois State Normal University
saught school for a time, served as
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1903-03-19

to the erection OF a home for consump-
uyes, Sir Ernest is naturalized Brit
isher, having been born in France. He
is one Of England's wealthiest Jewish
hnanciers. Within the last two years
he has become a devoted sportsman.
and has a racing stable and a breeding
stud.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1903-03-19

President Roosevelt is a POOR dress
er. He has no time or inclination to
give to the study Of clothes. His ie-
ure and carriage are hard on clothes
anyway. Fifteen minutes after he has
put on a new suit it + pulled out Of
shape and wrinkled AZ, over.-New
York Press.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1903-03-19
smoking and Long Power.

Dr. Jay w. seaver Of Yale finds
that because the members Of the fresh
man class Of that institution are usu-
ally light smokers they have more
lung power and can accordingly make
more vocal racke in giving the college
yeil than any Of their rivals.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1903-03-19
csppsr marna,s Msss. Brs...

n Boston u chuckling over this story
OF Thomas W. lawson. Late last SUM
mer a yoiEg woman. who is described
as fresh. was sitting on the deck Of
yacht in Marblehead harbor when
Mr.. Lawson came floating in on the
Dreamer. The young woman knew the
copper man slightly. and she took ad-
vantage Of the acquaintance 10 pick up
a megaphone which was beside her.
train 1t on the Dreamer. and shout:
Hello, Mr.. Lawson. hows copper
1t is related that without an instants
hesitation Mr.. Lawson picked up a
megaphone IN turn and thundered
back Hello. Miss Blank. hows
hro-eqis
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1903-03-19
n.rm.nr.. oelsnlal sshool..

puring the last two years Germany
has educated in its colonial schools q
Young men who have been sent &c
German East and Southwest Africa
Kameroon. Togo. South Sea Islands
rcnador. Brazil. Philippines. Cape Col
ony and sumatra.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1903-03-19

A volunteer company Of electrical
engineers is being prepared for active
service in South Africa at the express
wish. it Is understood. Of Lord Kit
chener.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1903-03-19
FORTUNE FOR CHARITY.
Wealthy jewish Financier Donates On.
Million Dollars.

There Is said to be authority for the
statement that Sir Ernest Cassel is the
man who has placed 81 900 900 at the
disposal Of King Edward for use in
some charity and who stipulated that
MS name should not be made public.
King Edward will devote the money
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1903-03-19

Between 2i and 80 man is IN Ave
and a half days a year on an average,
and between so and 40 seven days ln
the next ten years he loses eleven
DAYS annually. and between so and 60
twenty days.-New York Herald.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1903-03-19

Some idea Of the vast wealth O.
London may be gathered from the faol
that the IRE insurance carried by the
metropolis is now s4.55o .OOO. .00o. Can.
ada's fire insurance amounts to 1856.
257. .09S.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1903-03-19

The American windmill is having
large and rapidly increasing sales for
a cheap power producer In many coun-
tries. Il is now seen on the west
coast Of Africa as well as in the in
terror OF Europe and Australia
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1903-03-19

over 1000 sheep were brought re-
Gently from Montana 70 Lansing.
Mich. to be fed there on sugar-beei
refuse.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1903-03-19

The sultan OF Turkey has six sons
and seven daughters. who are kept In
the securest seclusion, The former new
er leaving the grounds Of the house in
which they were born.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1903-03-19

There are now fifteen Independent
eolored churches in Boston. where
thirty years ago it was difficult to sup
nnrf one
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1903-03-19

New Jersey is one Of the states
waich retain the custom Of making
their treasurer an appointive instead
Of an elective oflcer.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1903-03-19

Candied fruits are made IN the West
Indies by cutting the fruit in cubes the
size Of loaf sugar puttins them for
several days In sea water. and then ID
hot liquid sugar.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1903-03-19

Polish clubs and societies in Berlin
have been ordered by the police under
penaities to use the German language
only at any meetings which they may
hold In the capital.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1903-03-19

Explorers have approached within
sss miles Of the north pole. but the
nearest approach to the south pole has
been 772 miles
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1903-03-19

Three hundred and thirty-five places
81 worship provide ie6.ssi sittings for
members Of the Presbyterian church
Of England
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1903-03-19

Europe has Eve reigning princes who
are over eighty years old, and nine
others who are more than seventy.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1903-03-19

The capacity OF the present silk
plants Of America is insufficient, it Is
said. to more than supply the domestic
demand.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1903-03-19

A French farmor has made export
ments which show that caterpliars
avoid black objects. but are attracted
in numbers By white.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1903-03-19

The German government will prob
ably make experiments with petroleum
Tor fishing smacks.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1903-03-19

The French have coined the word
aluminothermy Tor the process Of get
ting very great heat quickly and in-
expensively BY the oxidation Of alumi'
mum.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1903-03-19

man A minutes time. 1t was stated
some time ago that man was the in
ventor. but Laura E. Buckingham is
the patentee. and in justice to her this
statement is made
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1903-03-19
FAvoRs CHURCH rHEArER
Rev O. W. Terbush's Congregation In
dorses Hh Proposal.

Rev G. W Terbush's proposal for
the endowment by the churches Of a
Christian theater has been much dis
cussed since the issue was broached In
a sermon recently, AT first the pro-
posal fell like thunderbolt on the
congregation OF the West End Metho-
dist church Of Pittsburg Pa but upon
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1903-03-19

A special conn lou haa Seen ap-
pointed ia France to c0dify the lawl
concerning working-class legislation.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1903-03-19

The Seattle assay oHcs has handled
81. .ooo. 900 siaee It's estabiA Ament
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1903-03-19

Pltisburg minister who advocates the
endowment 0f Christian theaters.
reflection many Of the chnrchmen are
inclined to favor the plan
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1903-03-19
0oUBTs BIaLE MIRAcLEs.
Northwostern University q fessor Takes
Decided stand.

Charles W. Pearson. professor ol
English literature In Northwestern
University. who has published a paper
declaring that the Bible Is not infai-
lible. has long been an advocate Of ths
revision Of the creed OF the Methodist
church. Two years ago. in a papei
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1903-03-19
VERY YOUNG GENERAL.
Fourieeu-Yoar oid Boy Has nigh Com
mand In shah,s Army.

The youngest general in the world is
the nephew Of the late shah OF Persia.
His name Is Doust and he is now a
general in the army OF his uncle, Mu-
zaiilr-ea-Dln He has been spending
some time at Moscow learning the Lam
guage and studying the ways OF the
Russians AS he is not yet IA years Of
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1903-03-19

city clerk and deputy circuit clerk, and
In 1898 was admitted to the bar.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1903-06-27

pany.
George J. Brazier is in the Junction
CITY He halls from Butte:
E. F. Dyer Of Cleveland, o., is in Og-
den-- the guest of H T. Dyer his
brother.
A complaint was yesterday issued BY
W. +. St. John charging NJ H Wheel
wright with violating the building Ordi-
nance by erecting a building without the
required permit.
the Glenwood park management has
arranged for the opening of the park
today and will continue the custom Of
having it open during the daytime each
Saturday, with matinee performances in
the hall.
A r. Haywood, attorney for Michael
Higgins, has filed a petition with the dis
;riet court asking Tor the release OF his
client on technical grounds. He claims
that his client has twice before been IN
jeopardy for the same Offense.
Postmaster Davis has received notice
that on and after July 1 no parcels VIII
be accepted weighing more than four
pounds six ounces by the office for
transmission by postal post in Germany.
The former maximum weight was eleven
pounds.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1903-06-27
Reason For Taking Ban Grounds.
IDAHO MANS GREAT WORK
Mcmillan Breaks Fifty Straight-og-
den Shooters Do Well.

Dayton, Wash, June 26-NeiI- NcNIil-
Ian Of Idaho Falls. Ida, made a wonder
1uI record in the spOrtsmen'S tournament
of the northwest today, killing fifty blue
rocks out of fifty and winning the Day
ton medal. Another feature was the rec
ord of Sheard Of gFacoma,- who missed
only sixteen targets oUt~of a possible 200
Bigelow and Becker OF Ogden, and Sheard
are tied for the Globe trophy with forty
seven each, out Of fifty. S Mcdonald
won the best purse today, taking SS2 u
in event NO. %. The winners of the
first money today were:
Event No. y, ten targets. unknown an
GIGS, purse SCHILLER, Holohan. MOcine,
Pencil, Dryden COl-
Event No "A, ten targets, unknown an
giles, purse s56-YOung. Cooper, Miller,
Dunn T. Tamahill. Jent J. Hills. Pierce.
Sheard, Kershaw, Dryden CO).
Event 10. fifteen targets. unknown an
giles. purse $37. 75-Becker, Logsdon. FlOhr,
Event 1e, fifty targets, at known and
unknown angles, Globe trophy shoot,
purse S76-35-Bigelew and Becker of Og-
den, and Sheard OF Tacoma, tied go. p
Event II, ten targets, unknown angles,
purse S56-LOugee, BigeIOw, c. D. Ellis,
I. E. Smith, T. E. Ellis, p. Thompson.
Pierce, HindIe, Baker (10).
Event IS, ten targets, unknown angles,
purse S5l-McBloom, s Mcdonald Story,
Whitlasw, Moeine. Spencer COnfauarr,
Event 19, fifteen targets, unknown an
giles. purse SS4 75-Pierce, Sheard, Peck
Event 20. twenty-five targets. Walla
WaIia medaI-C. D. Ellis of Harrington,
high man. with 20.
Event p. ten targets, unknown angles,
purse $56.50-Ware, Decker, LOgSdOn, HOl-
Ohan, Jent, Mcclure, Peck, W. Allen 90.
Event p Same as Z1)-LOugee. Becker,
HolOhan, E E Ellis. Timan, 6, Tama-
hill. Sheard, Smails, Peck W. Allen. Orr
Event ., fifteen targets. unknown an
giles, purse SS1, 25-S. Mcdonald O5).
Event a. Dayton medal, fifty targets,
unknown angles. purse S220-McMillan
medalist; first money to Becker, with
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1903-06-27
Objected to EATING Har-

Il am reminded by contract of an in
cident I saw up in Vermont several
years ago" said NJ T. Black. a New
York drummer, at the Hotel Pfster yes
terday- 1T was while 1 was travelling
Tor wholesale grocery, house and I
had gotten back in the woods, until 1
landed at a little town of about 100
inhabitants, where there was a small
inn for the accommodations of strangers
The only other business houses were a
blacksmith shop and a general store
containing the pOstoffice. Everything
was very informal and there were no
rules preventing a man from going to
dinner with his hat on, if he so desired
nor was it forbidden 10 smoke pipe in
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1903-06-27

the combination barroom and Office.
when dinner time arrived was shown
INTO a cool lOw-studded dining room
where the proprietor of the hosiery in
troduced me to the waiter. in accord
ance with the custom Of the district.
The man was a little deaf, but we got
along all right, and I got a good. home
Ike meal AS I was eating. a typical
Yankee drove up with a load of DO
tatoes and tied his horses to the pieces
or iron pipe which stretched between
TWO posts and served as a temporary
stable After imbibing a little of the
stun, as he called IL. he strolled into
the room, and after giving a social nod
70 the occupants, sat down and called
the waiter
You can bring me a plate Of green
corn, some custard pie, and the rest
can go to the dickens-and cup Of
coffee
Hey2' queried the waiter.
He repeated the order.
Hey2 again questioned the slightly
deaf man
The old farmer pushed himself down
In the chair, picked up a toOthpick and
pushd it in his mouth and commenced
chewing on it, and then calculate:
Say, young Teller, I gin you my or
er and yeOu needn't try 10 tell me to
take hay becuz I amt 10 horse II
60 associate with EN- to some extentT~S
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1903-06-27
Irrigation Congress.

The board Of control OF the Irrigation
congress held another session last night
and dispatched a volume of routine bust
ness connected with arrangements for
the congress. The holding Of an ''irriga-
ton day at the Weber county fair was
the particular subject of discussion and
il was settled that such a day shall be
held. The duties of the various commit
tees were definitely defined and the men,
berS urged to begin their work at once.
The board was also addressed by DIR.
D. H. Anderson editor of the Irriga-
ton Age, who gives the board some VaIu-
able suggestions The secretary was in
structed to collect me money subscribed
as rapidly as possible.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1903-06-27
Tennis Tournament.

Philadelphia. June 26.-The fourth days
play in the seventeenth annual lawn ten
mis- tournament for the championship of
the United States took place today on
the grounds Of the Philadelphia Cricket
club. The events Of the day were the
finals for the ladies' singles and doubles.
In the former. Miss r. H Moore of New
York, former national champion, defeated
Miss c. b Neeley Of Chicago in straight
sets, g. 81
In the final round OF doubles, Miss
Moore and Miss Neeley wrested the cham
pionship from Miss Hall and Miss Jones,
A6. 81. 81
In the finals of the mixed doubles.
Miss c. b Neeley and W H Rowland
defeated Miss Moore and w. c. Grant,
IS IS
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1903-06-27

every time he seemed to move Egan fell
upon him again and by the time Mac"
the ball back TO Egan- 1t was a clear
case of headwork on the part of Egan.
and so finely was it executed that the
umpire could not call him down.
Bet Dad Clark thinks salt Lake is all
right And who wouldn't after receiving
a bunch of flowers like the fans gave
Clark yesterday It might be safe to
add that Salt Lake also thinks Dad Clark
IS all right 1t was certainly good for
the blue feeling when your team is behind
that came his way yesterday and save
his team mates from errors.
When TOZeF took the slab in the third,
the first three balls pitched retired the
side Pop-uP flys were the best ogden
could do on his delivery in the start-off.
-Margetts was to the bad on several
occasions yesterday and his decisions Wee
Tor the most part injurious TO the local
team. However, in the ninth he called
Flake out on a double play when he was
safe at first by a mile
Without a question Ogden has secured
a good man in ATcDOnOugh, who played
the first bag yesterday He handles him
self as a ball player and has one of the
MeDonough was with the Butte 2ggre-
cation when they played several exhibit
ton games against Salt Lake last year
Manager T. Gum Of the Callers team
stated last evening that he would meet
the strong Wessler aggregation for the
first time in this city tomorrow The
game VIII be played at Calder's park
beginning at p. N.
"A game was arranged yesterday be-
tween the WOOdmen of the World base
bail team and a picked aggregation from
among tine firenen and policemen The
game viii be played next Thursday
Pitcher Jensen of the Ogden team has
been on the sick list for the past week
but is able to appear in uniform again.
1t was announced last evening that he IS
tlie man selected to twirl for the Lob
Sters today.
Salt Lake made one lone error yester-
day. This was on Kennedy, when he
jugg1ed ClaTks gTOUnder to him at third.
II was costly, as Clark afterWard scored.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1903-06-27
Seattle Races.

Seattle, Wash. June 2s-Following is
the summary Of today's races at the
Meadows:
First race, secven furlongs-Pettigre
won. RasD second, BurdOck third. Time
1:305z.
Second race, four furlongs-Crigli won,
F. =. Shaw second, Planet third. Time
SOL
Third race, seven furlongs-I o U won,
Legal Maxim second, Resin third Time
-1.30ik
Fourth race, mile-Disturber won,
Judge VOORHEES, second, The Singer third
Time=.43.
Fifth race. six furlOngS-Iras Won Phyz
second, Alta q third. Time--1 .161z
Sixth race, five fUrlongs-Sol Lichten-
stein won. Amasa second, Goddess Of
Night third. Time-1:03.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1903-06-27
What He Thought of Barrie.
Boston Post)


George Douglas Brown, the Scot who
wrote the very successful House With
the Green Shutters" and then. at the
height of his triumph. died-GeOrge Doug
les Brown used to deride bitterly the SEN
umental tone that Barrie gives TO the
Scottish character.
Much nearer the truth than any cpl
sode OF Mr.. Barrie's. - he once said SIS
an episode that Sir Walter Scott used 10
relate. The thing was grim, but it was
not without truth
Then he went on.
Some six or seven hard-drinking Scots
men got together once upon a time, and
for three DAYS and nights drank raw
whisky without cessation This carouse
was unheard Of and unhOly.
Toward dawn Of the third night one Of
the drinkers said. in an affrighted wills
per:
% .Hech, but Mckennon looks cash
g What for should he no2 returned an
other Has ma the chiel been dead these
twa hOors?
3" Dead said the first voice. An ye
did ma tell us afore2
HOot, mon, an why should - What
for should I ha spOued GUIDE company
for sic a puir bit bOdie as yonT
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1903-06-27
@--r7lls--'1r--
The Five Stages OF Man.



At II she said: Il want a man who is
ardent in all Of loves ways and whose
passionate devotion may never flag. He
must be tall and brOad-shOuidered AMI
handsome, with dark. flashing. Soulful
eyes, and if need be, go to the ends OF
the world for my sake"
At 20 she said Il want a man who
unites the tender sympathieS of woman
with the bravery of lion. ! don't mind
his being a little dlssipated, because that
always adds a charm He must be. how
ever, accomplished to the last degree.
and capable of any sacrifice for my
sake
At > she said: ct want man who
unites with an engaging personality
complete knowledge of the world, and if,
of necessity, he happens to have past.
he must also have future, q man On
whom I can look Up and with whom I
can trust myself al all times without
the slightest embarraSs
At 30 she said: IL want "a man with
money. He can have any other attributes
a man ought to possess, but he must have
money; and the more ne has the better 7
will like it..
At IS she said: Il want a man.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1903-06-27
PORTLAND TEAM TO COME TO SALT LAKE


be
National
in
to stand
loss The Portland viii be transferred
son divided he half beginning
26A directors
Drake of the club
Portland
will be
T c
While it admitted would
he
is
y = y \ = = = 4