davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The St. Louis Republic., 1903-12-30
EDUCATIONAL WORK LAGs.
Professor Logan Complains Also
That Teachers Do Not Study.
REPuRL1c SPECIAL

EEPuBLIc SPECIAL.
st Joseph. No.. Dec. 2.-Progress in
educational work has Jagged far behind
tnat IN other lines of human effort, declared
PROFESSOR G. B. Logan Of Kansas City,
presioent or the State Teacherss Associa-
uon. In his annual address to-day. He also
they should. 20
Z. p, Phillips OF Kansas City responded
den and Professor c. e. Miller ibert
Lee Ross of the State University read a
PAPER and the afternoon was given over
There was a reception to-nielt. The
Estate School Board Convention will meet
The St. Louis Republic., 1903-12-30
CHANGE IN WABASH DIVISION.
Goodrich and Doyle Are Appointed
in Charge.

Goodrich and Doyle Are Appointed
in Charge.
H. L. Magee, general superintendent Of
the Wabash. announces the following
changes in the Western division of the
system, affective January 1: The West
ern division. which has heretofore covered
all lines west of the Mississippi River, is
divided into the st. Louis division and the
Western division.
The st. Louis division Will cover all
lines east of Moberly to st. Louis and
Hannibal, and north to Des Moines and
Ottumwa, including branches and Mober-
ly yards.
The Western division will include all
lines west of Moberly to Kansas City and
Omaha and branches.
]. S. Goodrich is appointed superintend-
ent of the st. Louis division, with office
at Moberly, Mo-, and Richard Doyle Is
appointed superintendent of the Western
division. with office at Moberly. Mo.
The St. Louis Republic., 1903-12-30
RAILWAY NOTES AND CHANGES.

-Bnective January !. W. C. Knowles Is ap-
pointed district passenger agent of the NJ. X.
* l., with headquarters at Oklahoma City, and
s G. Laneston is appointed travelling passenger
agent. with headquarters at Joplin, Mo.
.sa 20 Fl Mecarty., general PASSENGER agent of
letter. states that the Baltimore and Ohio
SI,1oa1 mas p,aeea ares ordsrs for ad-
in order to meet all possible requirements.
The St. Louis Republic., 1903-12-30
Worlds Fair Ticket Form.

At conference between the local pas
senger associations committee and the
representatives of the Interterritorial AS
sociation yesterday on the form of con-
tract ticket to be used at the time of the
Worlds Fair report was agreed upon
which will be submitted to the local pas
senger association at its next meeting.
The St. Louis Republic., 1903-12-30
HEARING ON STREET PAVING.
Opportunity Will Be Given Resi-
dents to Express Their Views.

A public hearing Will be held on Janu-
airy 10. by the Board of Public Improve
ments. in regard to improving the fol-
lowing streets:
Oregon avenue, between Miami and Po-
tomac streets; Lasalle street. between
Mississippi and Missouri avenues: West
Cabanne place, between Hamilton ave-
nue. and the western terminus: Lee ave-
nue.. between Taylor avenue and Kings
highway; Brown avenue. between Kings
highway and Union avenue. and Osce-
ola street. between Broadway and Min
nesota avenue
The St. Louis Republic., 1903-12-30
C. W. GR0TE is RELEASED.
Edmundson Declares Gun Was
Accidentally Discharged

REPUBLIC SPECIAL 81,
St Joseph. Mo-. Dec. &C. W. Grote,
'ne contractor who shot H G. Edmund
son. when he found him in a room with
ms WIFE, was released by the police to-day.
~ a,91rlunoson il,n mas made a statement taking
cnarse OF the gun was accidental
Mrs. Grote says she will return tn bsr
former home in Bedford, Ia, at once.
Enmunosons condition remains critical
but he may recover.
The St. Louis Republic., 1903-12-30
County superintendent. Meet.

REPUBLIC SPECIAL.
Springfield. H.. Dec. 2s-The Illinois
Association of County Superintendent of
Schools met here to-day and reelected the
old officers. Charles vandorn of Springfield
president of the association; e. j. Bangs
of Springfield and j. NJ Pace of Nc
Dcnough County delivered addresses. a
banquet was held in the evening at the St.
NICHOLAS Hotel. Among those who re-
sponded TO toasts were Superintendent
Nightingale of the Cook County schools,
w. =. Miller of Coles County, A. A. Jones
OF Macon County and Z. r Perry of Mar
shall -ioA
The St. Louis Republic., 1903-12-30
McKinleY Memorial Funa.

Members Of the Mckinley High School
Memorial Association met at the Froebe,
School. Winnenago and Nebraska avenues.
last night and received donations from
South Side schools, which materially in
creased the fund for the panel decoration
which Is to commemorate the late chief
executive In the auditorium of the school
which bears his name.
The St. Louis Republic., 1903-12-30
CODY AND BAILEY PARTNERS.
Salisbury Interest in Wild West
Show Changes Hands

New York. Dec. CIV. F. Cody has pur-
chased the Nat salisbury interest in the
Wild West show from the Salisbury es-
tate and has formed partnership in that
show with j. A Bailey. owner OF the Bar
mum & Bailey circus, under the firm
name of Cody & Bailey Mr.. Rafiey's
interest IN the partnership is equal to that
IL is stated officially that the three TENT
60 shows in whcih Mr. Bailey is an owner
are not associated in any way except that
an interest in the Forepaugh & Sells
Bros show and is the sole manager nS
the Barnum & Bailey show. -
The St. Louis Republic., 1903-12-30
pAN-AMERIcAN RAILROAD
Proposed to Extend for 10000 Mile
and Cost 0,OO0, 900.

REPUBLIC SPECIAL
Guthrie. Ok. Dec. 2s-The Pan-Ameri-
can Railway Company of Arlington. Ok.
with capital stock of s25o.0co.ooo. was
chartered here to-day TO construct line
of railway extending from Port Nelson.
Hudson Bay. British America. in souther-
ly direction. crossing the Canadian South
ern Railway at Winnipeg, Canada, thence
through North and South Dakota, Me-
braska.. Kansas. Oklahoma and Indian
Territories. through Texas to a point on
the Gulf of Mexico.
Also beginning in Texas, extending in a
southerly direction through the Republic of
Mexico Central America. Isthmus of Pam
ANA, United States of Columbia Ecua-
dor and Argentine to Buenos Ayres
Also a branch line commencing in the
Republic of Peru or Of Ecuador passing
through Brazil to the city of Rio de JAMIE
ro. and branch line extending in a
southerly direction through Chile TO
Valparaiso: estimated cost of construc-
ton, $50 10000; estimated length. TO-
op miles. The stockholders are w. b
Davis, c, D; Farmer; H. C. Hes. G. r.
ton, Ok.
The St. Louis Republic., 1903-12-30
Knight. of Patrick Elect omc.r,

Knights OF Pntricl< Eject OMcers.
The Knighef st. Patrick. at meet
ing in the Liill Hotel last night. elected
the followinsfficers: President. r. s.
Colnon: firsace president, Thomas p.
w. ]. O'Bri third vice president Ed
ward D'Arc,reccrding secretary, John
o'Connor: responding secretary, Thom-
as Morris; esurer. William ]. Haniey.
John ]. Lar representing the Pedagog-
ical Society, ported on the plans for en-
pertaining yts, the Celtic poet, who is
to visit st. nis on January s.
The St. Louis Republic., 1903-12-30
Firemaahd brakeman kIllea.

Galesburail., Dec. 2s.-By the derail-
ing of an gine and fifteen freight cars
on the CRgo. Burlington and Quincy
Railway. ar Denrock. H., to-day. Fire
man n. Badger and Brakeman w. T..
Long of Is city, were killed and En-
gineer E5. Nealey, also of this city.
The VIZ VIZ was caused by broken rail.
The St. Louis Republic., 1903-12-30
chned wien erand Iarcenx.

GeorgSchaefer. who Is held in the
Clayto1ail until the death rof Conrad
Schaeft his father. who was poisoned a
week q can be Investigated, was .yester.
ceiiv. he warrant was sworn "a nv r1ar-
uty sin Bellairs, who charges that the
son Sc 81 from his father. .l9.-.-
Air.Schaeier, Georges mother. who
was 10 poisoned. is improving.
The St. Louis Republic., 1903-12-30

Company with view of installing another
interurban system between Dallas and
Fort Worth. The plan is to double track
the Texas and Pacific and install an under
ground electric trolley system. 1t Is said
there will be a thirty-minute passenger
service over the line between the two
cities a distance of thirty-two miles.
The St. Louis Republic., 1903-12-30
Hold for Inyestigntion.

Detective Lee Killian yesterday arrested
Frank Montrose, alias Beckwith, and he
is held for investigation. The police think
that he may know something about the
Kortkamp jewelry robbery. He denied all
knowledge of the robbery and said he was
passing through st. Louis.
The St. Louis Republic., 1903-12-30
ward rreated at cItx Ho.pita1.

James Ward. watchman in the Mercan-
tile Club, who was held up and beaten by
two highwaymen early yesterday morning.
is at the City Hospital undergoing treat
ment for his wounds Wards assaiIants
used a club and inflicted several gashes
In his face and head. They did not secure
any money or valuables.
The St. Louis Republic., 1903-12-30
PART OF UNION PACIFIC.
Alton to BE Operated M Important
Link Line.

Link Line.
REPUBLIC SPECIAL
New York, Dec. 2s.-Members of the
Preferred Stockholders Committee of the
Chicago and Alton would not discuss to-
day the likely disposition Of that proper
ty in the event of enough stock being Sc
cured to control the situation. Neither
would representatives of Kuhn. Loeb &
Co., with whom the preferred stock is to
be deposited until September, 1904, throw
any light on the deal.
1t is believed, however, that IL enough
stock is polled the Alton will become
part of the greater Union Pacific system
and that 1t will be operated with the
Kansas City Southern as an important
link between st. Louis and Chicago and
the Gulf ports.
The St. Louis Republic., 1903-12-30
nnerai of Robcr, .t,.,,,,,.

Tefunera1 of Robert Lewis @Atti,.,,,
of 4 4sol Washington avenuey who tiied
in dorado Springs. Colo. will take piece
thhfternocn at O'clock. He had becn
tfsnng IN tie West ior two Years in
tssch OF health. 80: :: =.
The St. Louis Republic., 1903-12-30
To Urge River Improvement.

Quincy, ILL.,, Dec. e9.-Another meeting
of owners of land in the levee districts be-
tween Cairo and Rock Island was held
here to-day and John Best, Of Quincy, w.
A. Munger of Hannibal, and Asa Mathews
of Pittsfield, were appointed as commit
tee TO visit Washington and urge an ap-
preparation for the improvement of the
river.
The St. Louis Republic., 1903-12-30
Die. From, self-Inarcted xonn,

Patrick Mulcare. railroad labo-er. who
life by cutting his throat with a razor at
a rooming house at No. 215 South Third
street, died last night at the City Hos
The St. Louis Republic., 1903-12-30
Holiday Rates

Via Missouri Pacific and Iron Mountain
Route.
Tickets on sale December "a, e5 and Il.
lS8. and jan ], 1904. Final return limit
jan I, 1904 See City Ticket Agent for
The St. Louis Republic., 1903-12-30
Don't Look Old.

Before your time. Bring back the fresh
ness of youth to your complexion. Iaxal
i've Boro Pepsin will do it. Cleanses the
bottle. ~ 49, pef
The St. Louis Republic., 1903-12-30
Direrence. Are set,lea.

TIE differences which have existed be-
tween the Theatrical Brotherhood and the
Hashagen Auditorium management for
some time have been satisfactorily ar
ranged.
The St. Louis Republic., 1903-12-30

His and Her Majesty shoes for soA
Expansion sale. G. H. Boehmer Shoe Co.
40 n. Broadway. W.
The St. Louis Republic., 1903-12-30
President McChesney Deals With
Amendments in Letter to Busi-
ness Mems League.
CHANGES NOT ACCEPTABLE.
Will Expend s4,5O0,OOO iu
Strengthening Bridges and I'm
proving Facilities for
Worlds Fair Traffic.

At a called meeting of the Terminal Fa-
cilities Committee of the Business Mems
League yesterday afternoon. Chairman
Michael submitted the communication
which he had received from President Nc
Chesney of the Terminal Association, in
which it is stated that the Terminal Asso-
citation cannot accept the bills introduced
in the Municipal Assembly by the Bust
ness Mems League.
The following members Of the Terminal
Facilities Committee were present: Elias
Michael. John E. Pitcher. D. r. Calhoun,
Homer p. Knapp, ]. ]. Wertheimer, Geo
w. Brown. Hugh McKittrick, r. v. Shap-
leigh.
No action was taken upon the letter.
which was read by Secretary W. F. Saun-
ders. and which is as follows:
=, Mr. Elias Michael. Chairman Terminal Facili-
Louis, Mo-: Dear Sir-We desire TO call your
attention to the changes made by the Council
vidins for terminal facilities in the city of st.
Louis. as drawn by. the counsel OF the Business
Mems League and introduced us SO drawn, in
the Council =
The, frst amendment requires the Terminal
BY switches betPeen abuttIns ppoperty t. and % that
portion of the tracks authorized by the ordinance
Front street; This amendment imposes an i'm
possible condition.
The second amendment eliminates the vaca-
ton Of the south ten feet OF Atlantic street
between Twenty-third street and West Jeffer-
son avenue. and the crossing Of Atlantic street
at Montrose avenue.
PURCHASE OF PROPERTY.
The third amendment compes the purchase
of property for which rhe association has no
need.
The fourth amendment requires the sassocia-
tion to grant to all outside railway lines the
use OF all of its facilities the same as granted
to proprietary lines. The Terminal Association
has at all times been willing to Permit any
line go desiring to become member and en-
same terms and conditions as other proprietary
lines were permitted such use.
The fifth amendment imposes an additional
annual payment OF $4,000. which cannot be
cor sidered.
The sixth amendment forbids increasing the
present rates. tolls. fares or charges without
the consent of the city OF st. Louis, given by
The seventh amendment requires the action
of the Terminal Association with respect to the
handling of large volume Of freight with
which. II has no concern and which IL cannot
control and cannot be accepted.
The ordinance as recommended by the BuSi-
. and had 1t been acted upon favorably at this
time the work authorized might have been com
pleted for the opening OF the Worlds Fair. 1t
Is now too late to undertake the work contem-
plated by the ordinance, II cannot be COM
pleted in time TO be Of any benefit in handling
the Worlds Fair traffic. and It IS impracticable
to prosecute the work during the time OF the
Fair. BY order OF the board.
tSigned) WILLIAM S. AcCHESNEY. JR-.
President and General Manager.
The St. Louis Republic., 1903-12-30

A healthful, tritious Wafer-Columhia
Water Thin. all grocers.
The St. Louis Republic., 1903-12-30

Columbia Biscuit Co.'S New England
FRUIT Cake Is better than mamma used to
3lnake. AT all grocers "
The St. Louis Republic., 1903-12-30
File. Petition I'm Bankruptcy.

Evansville. Ind. Dec. 2s-Clement V.
Gold Of New Harmony. Ind, hardware
and implement dealer, filed petition in
bankruptcy. He leaves creditors in ST.
T. .01,iS
The St. Louis Republic., 1903-12-30
Hunter Acciden,a1,v K,,,.a.

REPuBLE SPECIAL.
CoulterSlle. ILL.,. Dec 2s.-Ferd HenieolSe
of SteeleYlle was shot ana Killed bv his
cousin while hunting - - - !, -.'-
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1903-05-01
WEST DOVER.

Mrs Joseph Biddle of Wilmington is
caring for Mrs. Harry Parsons.
Mr.. and Mrs. Foss, who live in the
north part of the state, are visiting
their aunt. Mrs. O. l.. Corse.
The ladies' aid society will meet next
Wednesday afternoon with Mrs. w. II.
Mann. All are cordially invited.
Mrs. NJ. j. Harris went Tuesday to
Greenfield to help care for her sister,
Mrs. Hattie Batcheder who is i'll.
The late Daniel Hill. whose death was
recorded last week, was born of good
old Revolutionary stock, his father, Sam
uel Hill. being son of Lieut.. Joel Hill,
who served al the battle of Bunker Hill
i'm the 10th Massachusetts regiment.
Samuel Hill married Sarah Church of
Marlboro. where their son Daniel was
born. In early boyhood his parents re-
moved to Dover, where he had spent the
remainder of his life with the exception
of about ten years. In 1880 he received
an injury which made it necessary for
him to have his right limb amputated in
1859. In 1910 he married Laurinda Rice.
and for ten years lived on the farm now
occupied by j. f. Bartlett which was
then in the town of Somerset. In 1851
he removed to the place which he oc-
cupied at the time of his death. Mr..
Hill was the oldest person in town. He
was kind and obliging neighbor. a
loving and indulgent father.
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1903-05-01
JAMAICA.

NJ. l.. Boynton is very low.
Mrs. NJ. \. Wolcott is teaching in Wes-
ton.
Mrs. L. \. Sprague is teaching in STRAIT
ton.
H. r. Stewart has moved to Rawson-
vile.
Lola Kingsbury has the school at
Pixies Falls.
Mrs. Leroy Rawson has visited in Bel
lows Falls this week
John Wolcott went Monday to Grafton
where he has a school.
DR.. a. W. Payne came to town early
in the week for detstry work.
Albert Baybrook has moved from the
JANET MuZZy place to Stratton.
Merle Willis is teaching in Wardsboro
and Ella Willis in West Wardsboro.
Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Allen have been
in town, looking after their place and
visiting.
Miss Hattie Gardner of South London
derry came Thursday to work for Mrs
w. l.. Barnes
Mrs. Addie Carpenter and Miss Bessie
Boynton came nome last Saturday on
account of their fathers illness.
Mrs. Lucy Kellogg went to South Lon
donderry Saturday to visit Mrs Jennie
Allen, who is sick, returning Monday
The missionary auxiliary met Wednes-
day evening with Mrs. j. c. Robinson
for its annual thank offering meeting
over So was received. All officers were
reelected.
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1903-05-01
GUILFORD CENTRE.

Edward Tobin of Bellows Falls. attended
the funeral of Mrs Margaret Hill last
week.
Mrs. Fannie quinn, who has been III
some time, is not improving as fast as her
friends wish
f. A. Morriss farm is again offered
for sale by public auction on Saturday
of this week
Farmers are busy getting their potatoes
planted, and most farmers have their
stock at pasture.
MIR. and Mrs. James Houghton Of
Brockton Mass, came Wednesday to
visit at John Thayers.
Byron Reynolds of Potsdam, n. Y, is
now settled on the farm bought from Mrs
Emma Alexander a year ago.
Mrs. c. A. Clark of Springfield, Mass,
came last week to spend the summer
with her daughter. Mrs. S. NJ. Bullock.
The friends of Miss Lois Goodnow gave
her a surprise party Wednesday evening,
the occasion being her 18th birthday an
niversary. Miss Abbie Jaqueth. in behalf
of Miss Goodnow's friends, presented her
with a handsome ring. Refreshments of
ice cream and cake and chocolate were
served, and all enjoyed the evening In a
social way.
Mrs. Margaret Moncrief Hill who died
at the home of Thomas n. Lynde Satur-
day, April Is. was the daughter of John
and Catherine (Reid) Moncrief The for
mer was born in Salem. n. Y, in 1884, the
latter in Hebron. y. y in 1850. Mrs.
Hin was born in the village known as
Munroe Meadows in the town of Hebron.
y. Y. Nov. %. 1913. and was one of a
family of nine children, Eunice. Mary,
Nancy. Margaret Hugh, Hannah, Alex
ander, and Esther. Mrs. Hannah Good
speed of Shushan, n. Y. and Mrs. Esther
Goodspeed of East Poultney are the only
living members of the family When a
young girl Mrs. Hill came to Dorset.
where she was employed on the farm of
Uriel Kent, making butter and cheese.
until she was married to Harmon Hill.
Three children were born to them-AleX-
ander +. Hin. Mrs Kate NJ. Lynde who
died Sept 9 last, and Mrs. Martha Tobin
of Dandy. For 81 years she had lived
with her daughter Kate. and p years of
that time had been spent on the farm
where she died. The funeral was held
at the house Tuesday. April p. at 9
o'clock. Rev. r. X. Marvin officiating.
Mrs. S. NJ. Bullock sang lone Sweetly.
Solemn Thought and After" The
burial was in West Brattleboro.
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1903-05-01
WEST TOWNSHEND.

Edith Hadlock and Mildred Hardy
have been i'll.
Miss Annie Garfield is teaching again
in Wardsboro Centre, and Miss Hortense
Switzer is teaching i'm Newfane
Miss Maud Howard, who has been i'll
all winter, has gone to Brattleboro to be
under the care of a physician there for a
time.
The village schools opened Monday
The higher grade is taught by Miss Bees
sic Hardy and the lower by Miss Abby
Palmer of Grafton.
ID. E. Boyden returned Saturday from
a visit of two weeks in New London
where he witnessed the launching of
the Minnesota. Mrs. Boyden will re-
main in New London two weeks longer.
spark from the engine set a fire
Monday that burned over large piece
of land on the Hooper and Eddy farms
and destroyed considerable fence. The
section men We're out nearly all night to
keep it under control
The from-siX-to-eight suppers, given
each month by the ladies' aid society
have been popular and the one served
last week Thursday was no exception.
After supper a short program was Civ
en-, Perhaps the most attractive num-
Der was the singing of a solo by Eliza
beth Barber, five years old, TO the ac-
compartment of a guitar, played by her
mother, Mrs. Theodore Barber
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1903-05-01
JACKSONVILLE.

Mrs. Helen Sprague has sold her farm
to someone in Springfield. Mass, through
the agency of +. J. Bailey of Brattleboro
William Bird has moved from Halifax
to the tenement of Daniel b. Collins. and
will work for the North River Manufac-
turing company.
The Rebekah lodge at this place was
invited to visit Dennis Rebekah lodge at
Brattleboro Tuesday evening. and a large
party accepted the invitation.
There will be photograph entertain
ment at Grange han Wednesday even
ing. May t. at : O'Clock. under the man
agement OF Robert q. Taylor
The double house. so called. now owned
by F. j. Dalrymple is double house
no more, the south part having been torn
down. y neat ell will be put in its place
The new cream gatherers. Chase broth
ers, will begin their work May l. The
creamery seems to be in a prosperous
condition. More than 5000 in checks has
been paid to patrons and employees this
week
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1903-05-01

Il. +. Smith of New York is in town
this week.
c. c. Barlow is making improvements
on his dwelling on Riverside street
Albert NJ. Fox and family occupy the
Hubbard place, owned by John F. Bas-
sett
Porter J. Fitch is repairing his house
recently bought of John l. Pike He cx-
poets 10 occupy it in May.
Herbert h Dix has sold his place to
Perley Lyonminster and has bought the
Wheeler place of O. w. Bishop.
William Titus sold his goods at auc-
ton on Monday. The sale was well at
tended and good prices were realized.
Mrs. J. II. Kidder visited in Bellows
Falls, SaXtons River, Brattleboro and
other places last week, returning Mon
day
h. =. Wilder has rented the Market
building owned by O. +. Butterfeld. and
is hitting it up in good shape for his bust
ness.
Mr.. and Mrs. William l.. Packard were
in town over Sunday. They have just
taken an extensive trip through the West.
but have not decided on a location.
John l.. Pike and her granddaughter
Grace who have been in MONTPELIER some
time. will return this week. Mr.. Pike has
rented the Lyman tenement on West
Main street
Road Commissioner Lyman is taking
advantage of This fine weather on the
roads. He has good force of help and
We are waiting for great Improvement in
the highways
The listers have deposited the abstract
of the grand list in the town clerks Of
nee. They will meet at the selectmen's
room on Tuesday. May ;. for the pur-
pose of making corrections.
Memorial Sunday services will be held
at the Congregational church on Sunday.
May ~ Rev. Mr. Woodman will preach
the sermon. on the S0th Rev. Mr. Riegel
Will be the orator of the day.
The pipe organ, which has been referred
To many times, has been set up in the
tnNersalist church this week 1t was
constructed by the Estey company and
Is without doubt fine instrument
j. II. Stowe and his son-in-law. Charles
Franklin. have bought residence on
Lincoln street in Greenfield. Mr. Stowe
VIII move To that place in the fall Mr.
stowe has been one of the prominent
citizens for many years and we regret
his removal.