davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1903-06-28
What Science Is Doing
for the Good of Mankind

A curious phenomenon, supposed to be
due to some new force, is perplexing Herr
GrUhn. a German physicist. When a nom
magnetic rod is suspended by a thin
thread in a glass jar. and shielded from
luminous and heat rays, the thread has
no twisting tension, but the rod takes
a certain position. and when the thread
IS twisted 1t follows only part way, stop
ping, perhaps. at 60 degrees if the turn
is 80 degrees and at 120 degrees If the
twist IS continued to $50 degrees. The
direction and intensity off the force seem
TO have daily period or to be subject
TO irregular perturbations. This directive
force" as the diScoverer calls it, affects
different substances unequaly. and on
body heavier at one end it acts like wind
on a weather vane.
The flament of the Nernst lamp is com
posed Of a mixture Of metallic oxides,
which might be expected to become quick
ly reduced in strong heat yet the pas
sage of very high continuous currents for
hundreds of hours seems to cause no de-
terloratlon- An investigation by DR.. E..
Bose explains numerous peculiarities OF
these fiiaments. He finds that the metal
is reduced at the cathode, but is con-
stantly being oxidized at the anode. the
process being aided by the surrounding
air, and In a vacuum the filament soon
becomes metal and the light is extin-
guished.
Arsenic in appreciabIe amount, has been
found by Gabriel Bertrand in all parts
OF the hens egg. This confirms the new
belief that arsenic exists in all living
cells and probably serves a special func-
ton.
Accounts of the sprouting of seeds after
having been buried many years or even
centuries are usually open to doubt. but
DR.. Beal has shown by reliable tests that
twelve out of twenty -orie species had the
power of terminating after twenty wears
10 settle the interesting question of ex-
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1903-06-28

ton CWinton). Percy Owen (Winton),
Louis p. Mooers (Peerless).
English Team, Green's. F. Edge (Na-
pierl, Charles Jarrett (Napier}, J. W..
Stocks (Napier).
French Team. Blue-Rene de Knyff
(Panhard), Maurice Farman (Panhard),
Henri Fournier (Mors).
German Team, White-Baron de Ca
terS (Mercedes), Foxhan Keene (Merce-
des), Hieronymus (Mercedes).
The contest. however. will not be a
team race. The representatives of
each country will not be scored as
team. but as Individual competitors.
The man who wins the race wins for
his country, although his two fellow
countrymen may fail to finish.
The total distance of the race, as
measured by surveyor. will be 36S
miles 765 yards. The course roughly
resembles the figure s. the upper loop
of which will be covered thrice and the
lower loop four times. in order to make
up the distance.
VIII Make Early Start.
The committee in charge plans to
start the race at o'clock in the morn
ing. the machines to be sent away at
intervals of seven minutes This will
lessen the danger of accident. At sud
den turns in the route and points of in
tersection of the two loops controls will
be established. where competitors will
be required to come to full stops. This,
too. will tend to obviate any chance of
collision.
The start win be from near Old Kill
cullen. The small loop will be cover
ed via Carlow and Athy and back to the
start. Then the big loop is made from
Old KileuIlen by Monastereyan, Strad-
bally, Athy and Ballyshannon. This
will be repeated twice, with an extra
circuit Of the small loop. The stretch
between Athy and Old KiicuIlen will
thus be Travelled seven times.
The country in which the course is
laid is smooth and undulating. There
are few steep hills. but many long and
gentle slopes. admirably suited for fast
racing. The roads. if not as straight
as the French roads, are remarkably
straight for Ireland and there are at
least three such perfect stretches of
several miles as could hardly be bet
tered in the United Kingdom. Mr. Edge
expresses the opinion that, as regards
both straightness and surface, the
course compares favorably with that on
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1903-06-28

IRENE vitality Is the purpose Of the expert
mentS begun by the United States denart-
ment OF agriculture. Seeds of f09 Species
including common garden and field plants
as well as many grasses and weeds have
bSen carefully placed in dry CLAW soil in
pots and buried, eight complete sets being
Covered 70 a depth of six to eight inches
Twelve sets to twenty inches and twelve
sets 10 three and one-half feet A set
from each depth is to be tested at the
e eng Oh one, two, three, five, seven, ten,
iIiteen ana twenty years. and from the two
deeper lots at the end of twenty five. thir-
ty, forty and fifty years.
The tools used by natives Of Northwest
AuStfalla IN making Spear41eads from
glass have been interesting British an
tnropoIog1sts- These TOOLS include a piece
OF the leg bone-nf sheep and a water
worn pebble Of natural shape, the pebble
Delng used for the first rough chipping OF
the glass and the bone for the finishing.
Mucn skin seems to be acquired in the
use OF these crude appliances, the prod
ucts being very creditable.
Some years ago Weir worked out a rule
Tor calculating the absolute tempera t1Ire
OF heated body from the wave length of
us most energetic radiations. From this
RUE, which gives very probable results,
the suns temperature is found to range
from 1850 degree to $3.50 degrees F. that
OF SIRIUS from 500 degrees to 640O de-
greeS; Vega, 500 degrees to $500 degrees
Arcturus, 2450 degrees to 200 degrees
Aldebaran, 2550 degrees to $3.50 degree,
and the electric light. 1850 degree to $500
degrees White and blue stars are much
hotter than red and yellow.
Recent work with rejecting telescopes
indicates that in good atmosphere the
pnotographs taken by the projected eight
foot reflector of the Lick observatory
should show us a universe 800 times az
great as that revealed by our hest re-
tractors. Ihat Is such an instrument
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1903-06-28

approximately Of the same speed. and
there will not be. in consequence. the
constant overtaking of one car by an
other.
1t is manifestly impossible to properly
protect the total distance of 800 miles
between Paris and Madrid by police
and soldiers. In the Irish course, how
ever, the whole length of the road upon
which the race will take place is only
ninety-three miles, and it has already
been arranged that the road shall be
kept clear by 1000 police officers, as
sisted by troops and club stewards.
These will have strict instructions to
keep spectators off the roads and on the
other side of the walls. bitches and
hedges bordering the course, and away
from corners altogether.
Another source of danger in the Paris
and Madrid race was the character of
the road surface. A constant cloud of
dust hid the sharp corners and pre-
vented drivers from seeing the gull
leys, which are occasionally cut across
the road.
In ireland, however. arrangements
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1903-06-28
Seaport Pawned Century Ago
y ReGeemable by Sweden

The strangest pledge that a pawn
broker ever took in the world will
have to be returned TO it's owner now
If that owner can payithe loan.
The pledge is big seaport. 1t is the
city of Wismar. on9fhk German coast
of the Baltic sea, and once power
full member of theHgreat Hanseatic
league. The owner no pawned it is
Swedish and the pawnbrolxer is the
duchy of Mecklenburg,
That big city on German territory
not fifty miles away from the great
imperiAl naval port Of Kiel, really be-
longs, without question, to another ma
ton is one Of the ronances of every
day history which are forever cropping
out oil over the world.
The pledging of .Wismar, while it
happened only leo years ago, really
was directly due to the changing for
tunes of the thirty years war. If there
should be any diplomatic sauabbles
over the question now treaties and
protocols of surrenders and armistices
dating back to the years between 1913
and 1913 would have to be dragged into
court. Another exhibition would be
the story of the lifting by a king of
the daughter of a duke.
The fact that Wismar really is a
Swedish possession explains what has
y
neglect of the German empire to for
tlfy this port, which Is considered as
being the finest harbor site of the en-
tire Baltic coast.
Wismar was paWned to the duchy
OF Mecklenburg on June 26, 1903, as
security for loan OIL, 25S, 600 reich
thaler. With Wismar, Sweden also
pledged the government district Of Peel
and NeuklosteF, both in German ter
ritory. ,-,as-Lf
Why 1t Is Unfortifed. III
Under a treaty between Sweden ana
Denmark it had been provided that
Wismar should not be fortified and
when the duchy of MeckfenBurg took
over the city it had to obey the pro-
visions made with Sweden Hence
Mecklenburg was bound to build no
Notifications to make Wismar a great
port as it once had been and also to
permit no great power to utilize it for
any war purposes.
If it had not been for this fact Ger
many would no doubt have made a.
mighty naval station out of Wismar
long ago.
Under the conditions OF the loan the
city of Wismar- and che two govern
ment districts were to remain in pledge
for 100 years ~
At the end Of this time Sweden could
claim and obtain the pledged city and
land by paying back the original loan
with 3 per cent compound interest. A
further provision. howevef, of the loan
Is that, should Sweden fail to take any
notice whatever of the expiration of
the time, the contract would become
renewed automatically for another
hundred years.
The sum which Sweden would have
to pay if she wishes TO claim Wismar
M hn fExTn IL
figured as amounting. to S27, 00O, 900 and
this alone, quite apart from considera-
tons of policy, is expected to operate
as bar against the assertion Of her
rights.
Still it is going to be Germany's- part
to make sure fhatztheresis no renewal
of the pact through Sweden's simple
expedient of keeping SILENT And Ger
many has been sending out Semiofficial
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1903-06-28
aHa
49, -


uterances regarding the value to Swe-
den of Germany's friendship I'm the
face of the growing approaches on
Swedish territory by Russia, as evil
denced by the recent destruction of
Finish autonomy and independence.
The Story of the PIedginq.
The immediate story of how Wismar
was pawned dates back to the begin
ming of the eighteenth century, when
Denmark. the most powerful enemy of
Sweden after the destruction of the
old Hanseatic league, became weary of
being threatened with this powerful
Swedish stronghold and took it after
fierce fighting. Almost as soon as it
was conquered thel Danes RACED the
mighty Notifications and subsequently,
when peace was declared and Wismar
reverted to SWeden,,Oa clause in the
peace protocol was forced by the Danes
new Notifications.
This converted Wistnar from an ele-
ment of strength into one of weakness
for the Swedes. RdBRed of it's useful
ness as a bulwark. and a base of mill
tary operations. Wisfhar at once be-
came source of expense instead of
the the source Of rich Income that it had
Its fine port became valueless to the
SWedes. In addition the continuous
fights for its possession and the wars
which had made itIA0eenter of battles
had ruined it's great Sea trade. It's wa
tiers were thronged pomore with ships
from the Orient. fIbpa the Mediterra-
mean or from the golden Americas. Even
its inland trade was destroyed, for
the duchy of Mecklenburg erected the
barriers of prohibitive inland duties
against 1t.
Under these circumstances it was
not surprising that the Swedes tired at
last of their white elephant of a pos
session in the land of the enemy. So
in the reign Of the incompetent and ex-
travagant Gustavus ", with territory
lost to the French in one war. with
Finland lost to Russia, with defeat in
war against Norway, the Swedes
seized an opportunity to. relieve them
selves of the burden of possession
The direct opportunity was given by.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1903-06-28
Irish Automobile Race Will be Safeguarded

Extraordinary precautions are be-
Ing taken to prevent accidents dur
ing the progress of the international
cup race in Ireland on July 2
The cost Of policing the course will
alone amount to about $35. 900. This
D. cost viii be borne by the promoters of
the race, and. it is understood. has al
ready been arranged for.
An official statement has been issued
by the Automobile Club of Great Brit
ain and Ireland showing how thorough
~ the route viii be Safeguarded and
how little chance there will be for ac-
cident.
Fears have been expressed that some
OF the accidents which have character
lied the first day of the Paris Madrid
race may be repeated in the internal
tional cup race. 1t is desirable to cx-
plain, therefore. that the latter con-
test will be held under totally different
conditions to the one which took place
on the continent
In the first place, it must be remem-
bered that in the race in France over
two hundred cars competed. Moreover,
cars of varying types and speeds were
1neXplicably mixed up. with the result
that there was a continuous passing
and repassing at racing speed Of one
vehicle by another. In the information
a. cup race all the twelve cars will be
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1903-06-28

NNiCn- ne won the cup tdSt year.
A special commission in a run round
the course fixed controls, arranged for
necessary repairs and alterations, and
chose spots for red flags that will mean
stop" and green flags that viii mean
go slowly" Every foot of the road
was carefully noted.
Danger Spots Marked.
The commission marked several per-
manently dangerous spots with flags,
and many others more anlenable to
treatment will be eliminated before the
race by the county surVeyo rs. The
repairs which have been undertaken
are principally steam rolling of the
roads to a perfect surface. rounding off
bad corners and leveling up the road
on each side of the little bumpy cul-
verts which are so common in Irish
country districts.
g These culverts present no dangers to
slow touring cars, but they provide rae
ing cars, moving at the rate of forty
yards a second, with a 'jump-off'' for
leaps Of thirty or forty feet through
the air. The cost of these repairs will
be largely met by the Automobile Club
of Great Britain and Ireland.
Controls-that is to say, spaces
through which the cars will have to
proceed slowly, under supervision of
racing oficials-have been arranged at
all sudden turns. while at several
points full stops will be required.
5. +. Edge, as holder of the cup, will
start first with his green Napier racer
The second to leave will be Rene de
knyn, in his blue Panhard. The third
away will be a member of the Amer
lean team, probably Alexander Winton.
and the fourth will be. Baron de Caters.
of the German team, the last to chaI-
lenge- Then will follow in regular or
EfY-ny1 raIa
German competitors, twice repeated.
Because Of the recent disastrous fire
to the Mercedes plant, in Cannstatt
IN which the special German cup rae
ers were destroyed, there has been
doubt as to whether a German team
VIII compete. The Partisan representa-
tive Of the Cannstatt concern, however.
has given assurance that Mercedes ma
chimes will be competitors, though not
those OF the ninety-hOrSe power tyne
built for the Irish race.
The race for the international Gun
| was established in 1900, and was won
on the first occasion by M. Charron,
for the Automobile Club of France.
| The following year 1t was carried off
| Dy M Glrardot, for the same club,
WhIle last year it was brought to Great
Britain by F. S. Edge, whose victory
enables the race to be run in the Brit
| Ish Isles this year.
he Idce 1lSeiI VIII De the occasion of
other celebrations in Ireland. On .J,lIv
1 there is to be an exhibition of the
| competing cars at Earlsfort Park. Duh
| lin. and the racing cars will be
weighed. On the third day there is to
| be gymkhana at Phoenix Park and a
torchlight procession to Dublin Castle
at night. Saturday. July 4. will be de-
voted to speed trials in Phoenix Park,
and on July there will be a tour to
Newcastle and Belfast Two important
events take place at NewcastIe-the
hlu climbing trial for the Henry Ed
munds Cup and four mile time test
| on the CIough and CastleweIIan road
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1903-06-28

the cancellation by GustaVus of his
engagement to the daughter of Duke
Frederick Franz /. That person not
| unnaturally resented the insult and
threatened dire things. Finally his
threats crystallized into a demand for
an enormous indemnity. The duchy of
| Mecklenburg advanced 1,258, 900 reichs-
thaler and took Wismar. Neukloster
and the island of Peel in pledge.
"Wismar the Useful"
"Wismar the Useful" was what the
city was called in the old days of it's
world glory. when Lubbock was the
chief of the Hanseatic league and Bre-
men. Hamburg, Lueneberg and Wis
mar formed the mighty bund that not
only fitted out fleets and armies on
its own account but often dictated
terms TO the whole of Europe From
Wismar the Hanseatic war fleet sailed
to its triumphant battles. 1t was Wis
mar~that first defied the might of the
dukes and broke the ancient might of
Mecklenburg and Schweria.
a defiant town it was from the be-
ginning of its documentary history and
ii the legends have any basis a defiant
town it was when Christ was born in
Galilee, for according to one tradition
1t was then goo years old and a strong
hold of the north.
Other legends say that it was built
early in the fourth century by Wis
mafus, king of the Vandais. At any
rate, it is very ancient town, for it is
mentioned as great city in documents
dated 1898. when it first began to
threaten the supremacy of the heredi-
tary rulers. And from that time on
When W1smar was not engS ged in bat
ties on its own account it was the
scene of fights between others.
one of EurOpe's most beautiful build
mos the ETIQrcfnnhnf
dating back to the sixteenth century,
stands in WiSmar, a memorial to the
INDEPENDENCE of the city.
Early in the thirteenth century Duke
John of Mecklenburg, who loved the
city, thought to do Wismar a great
favor by moving his residence from
Mecklenburg to Wisnar and he built
himself a strong castle just outside of
the city. The inhabitants of Wismar,
however, as an old chronicle puts it,
were not delighted that the hawk
should be so near the preserves"
When Duke Johns successor, Henry,
undertook a pilgrimage to the holy
land in 1919 he advised Wismar to
build big wall for defense around the
town. The good folk of Wismar did it.
But the duke got a shock when he re-
turned because the wall had been built
carefully to leave the castle outside
The ensuing dispute, accompanied by
considerable physical argument, was
settled amicably at last by the razing
of the castle, in return for which the
city of Wismar gave the duke a site
inside the town, where he erected his
new palace; but it was not a fortified
one. The Wfsrnar citizens took care of
that.
IS Objected to Dukes Choice.
In 1910 Wismar did not like the lady
whom Duke Henry IL, the Lion" was
going to marry so they calrny told him
he could not marry her in his palace
within their city. The duke decided to
punish Wismar, but it was too power
full for him. alone At last he was
forced to get to Denmark to help him.
FDuring the war Wismar Z, RACED the
palace and although the town was de-
feated finally it managed to make an
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1903-06-28
The Real Thlnn.

Snicklefritz-I understand YOU married
professional reader and eIocutionist
Jobinowolk-'Tis according to your IN
Outstanding.
SnicklefTitz-Does she ever entertain
you with her readings?
Jobmowolk-WeH.I guess yes. She fire.
quently reads me the riot act.-Cincinnatf
Enquirer
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1903-06-28

II regard the trust as a weapon that
may be very dangerous in the hands Of
INSCRIPTIONS people,"
MAYBE so.' answered Senator Sor-
ghum. ''but I'm going to try to be on
friendly terms with the gunner and take
no chances. washington Star.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1903-06-28

should detect stars seven times as far
away as any that have been yet observed.
The effects of electricity in eve disease
appear TO be little understood. After Dro-
longed experiments, partly successful. DR.
Won ReuSS has found the treatm to
nave great advantages in cases of fnf1am-
NATION ana he recommends its use first
OF all IN lrIt1s, cOrneitis and chIoroiditis
lam usually disappears almost Instantly
10 avoid alarming the patient, the phy-
stefan toucheS one hand to the diseased
eye. While the other hand holds one eIec
tIode ana the patient the other and moth
Ing Ing Is Ieit except ,priekIing in the hand
5 5n1Sipfads siie eIectrode The current may be
COMPRESS tled over the organ, if desired.
the patient himself being able to regI1Iafe
the strength of current. --NN =
UnaccountabIe deterioration
changes are leading German mefalI,1rpriStS
20 oelef in the theory of disease and
iin i1t IN metals. Investigating the
Heyn has concluded that the metal ia
poisoned with copper protoxide. which
produces sickness and strncturai weaken
ING When steel Is poisoned by hydro
gen, 1T is sickened and made as britfIa eg
When ruined in tempering Prof Rredig
mas found tin pest in roof at Rothene
bury. and has shown that when the Ivbita
powder of the disintegratine metal Ne
placeq on sound tin the latter became in
tected and itself soon crumbIed
1t IS only In tropical stations, accord
ing 10 CharleS Nordmann, that anv eff
tect OF the sun-spot period upon mean
annual temperature can be detected
from the records of twelve such stations
IL appears that the annual temnerafUre
varies with the sun spots, and fbaf tbo
coolest years are those of maximum sun
The new Swedish process of aBuddefz-
ing as a means Of sterilizing milk r.
depend upon the discovery that the en-
E t5grIr Of the milk. at temperatures Of a.
ddesIees 10 % degrees, have the power OF
and and. oxygen, when the latter destroys ali
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1903-06-28

we call attention to notice of The State
savings Bank under announcements.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1903-06-28

which he won the cup last year.
A special commission in a run round
the course fixed controls, arranged for
necessary repairs and alterations, and
chose spots for red flags that will mean
stop" and green flags that will mean
go slowly" Every foot of the road
was carefully noted.
Rosebud County news. [volume] (Forsyth, Mont.) 1901-1906, 1903-01-15
HIS REQUEST GRANTED,
General Wood Applies for Service in
the Philippines.

Washington, jan 14-Brigadier
General Leonard Wood has applied for
service in the Philippines and his re-
quest has been granted. He will go to
Manila in April or May and it is ex-
pected that he will be assigned to
command in Mindanao. General Wood
will become major general in August
and it is quite likely that he will soon
thereafter be assigned to command the
division of the Philippines. He will
complete his report on his administra.
ton of Cuban affairs before he sails.
number of important army chang
es will occur soon in the Philippines.
the chief of which will be the assign
ment of General James F. Wade, now
commanding department in the arch
ipelago, to the supreme command of
the military forces in the islands, to
succeed Major General George w.
Davis, who will retire for age July 26.
General Wade, who is now brigadier,
will be made major general on the
retirement of Major General Robert
P. Hughes April II.
Generals Davis, Sumner and Baldwin
will be relieved from duty in the Phil
ippines during the summer and Gen.
eral Wood, either General Carter or
General Bliss, of the war college board.
possibly both. and Colonel Francis
Moore of the Eleventh cavalry, will be
assigned to the command of depart
mentS there.