davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1903-04-28
RALEIGH. N. C.. TUESDAY. APRIL %, 1903.

For the red spider and other plant mites,
add once ounce flowers of sulphur, same
proportions otherwise as above For
scale insects, the larger plant bugs, etc.
dilute the emulsion with to parts of
water Never allow the emulsion 10 be
used in sufficient quantity to puddle
around the roots Of plants, as It viii kill
them.
THE BORDEAUX MIXTURE.
For treating fungus diseases, there is
nothing better than the Bordeaux mix
ture which is made as follows: Pour in
to 9, so gallon barrel so gallons of water,
and suspend in this 6 pounds Of blue
stone in a coarse sack Then slack 1
pounds of quick lime in any other vessel
adding water slowly to obtain a creamy
| liquid free from grit When the blue
stone has dissolVef~add the lime mixture
slowly with water enough to fill the bar
I rel, stirring constantly. Use the BOr-
deaux mixture promptly as it deteriorateS
by standing for several days.
BY using the insecticides according t.
the formulas above given farmers gen
orally can exterminate any kind of in
furious insects which attack their plants
especially the garden vegetables. l
these formulas are cut out and paste
away. they may be Of use at times in tn
future HARNIE JORDAN.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1903-04-28
Tim8I4 Talks With th8 F'arnn8r8.

Plant life is beginning to develop and i
s- m. season advances insects of various I
Kinds will attack the tender vegetation |
and unless proper steps are taken, great |
damage may be done. The only success !
ful method of fighting injurious insects
that prey upon our vegetables and crops
is 10 dust or spray the plants with the
right kind Of insecticide. Every farmer
should know something about the life
and habits of all the common insects
which are injurious, in order that ne
may more effectively prepare proper rom
cdics, as an insecticide which is death to
some species of insects, has no effect
whatever upon others.
Certain kinds of insects may be readily
killed with a cheap and simple insecti-
eide while the larger, hard bodied in
sccts can only be eXtermnated with
r0ison in some form. | shall endeavor in
this article to give the formulas for a
few Of the principal insecticides now gen
orally in use and describe as fully as
possible the kind of insects which the
formulas are intended to destroy. 1t may
be some trouble and a little extra eX
pcnSe to buy the ingredients, prepare the
solutions, and apply insecticides. but this
is far better than allowing Indifference
to permit millions of insects to take pos
session of our premises and destroy most
Of the vegetables planted.
The biting or gnaWing insects are those
which actually chew and swallow portions
Il the solid substance of the plant such
as the wood, bark, leaves, flowers or
fruit. They include the principal injur-
iOUs larvae. many beetles and lOcustS.
These insects may be destroyed by apply
ing poisOns direct to the leaves Or other
parts of the plant, and which will be
swallowed by the insects with their food
This is the sureSt remedy except where
the plants to be treated are to be used
as food within a short period of time. The
sucking insects are those which injurt
plants by the gradual extraction of juices
from the bark, leaves or fruit and in
clude the plant bugs, place lice. scale in
sects and plant feeding mites. The appli
cation of poisons to the plants infested
with these insects will do but little good
and it is necessary to use substances
which will act externally on the bodie,
Of such insects. either as a caustic or t.
smother or stifle them by closing the
pores through which they brsathe
In addition to the above two classes o
insects described, We also have insect
which work under ground, such a whit
grubs, root maggots, root lice, etc.
EXTERNAL BITING INSECTS.
The arscnica1 compounds have practi
calIv supplanted all other remedies 70
insects falling under this head. Pari
green or London purple are the two ar
sontcals most commonly used, althoug
SheeIcs green and arsenicate Of lead ar
sometimes used, but are not so easil
obtained. There are three principe
methods of applying arsenicals. The we
method which consists in using the poiso
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1903-04-28

on II frequent Intervals uut tno #ash
ut any one tine ) part should ls Eatua
before the pants arc set ana.h- $50.
Ah.It they are Sruo u@ aa3 fhr s.aa#ae
in the spring before fhe plants taft
We usually arrly about hff ,an ~
fertilizer 70 each acre W. tneraHshfy rs
tho land mark IN st-a}gNt ~.0~ arf
scatter about 3oo round = the s.re reHf
Oh The mark Na gs, In ula r.It fus est-
rying the fertlzer ono can r.a3Hs. ~.
a. the quantity usc3 - weighing ralt.'
ful and counting the rows Wc cultivate
this into the soil With fine toeth,s .at-
riNatc ana then re mars thc si.e. 3aIH.
sure hat the marks come - tho saa.
place as before The plants arc tneu t
about one foot apart II ~ raw Atter
! they have become wcA established say
obout the second hoe ne I thuk t best
i to apply about 100 III 20 The aero drop
ping Il i'm small hantals between tha
plants aftcr tho hoelng is done. Along
about September J. I should applv about
+ ~ ID to the matted rows scattering III
on the leaves and brushing 4 IN NTH tbe.
aouse broom 50 that no leaves cor stems
would bc burned Ju>t before good
ran is \ good time 10 make thls appl
cation The object Of applying just about
forming tho fruit buds IN tho srr.nr.
after the mulch Is removed. should
apply the remaining 800 lb 70 the rllu'
scattering Il IN the Same manner ne n
September and brushing or with
broom. II a ght snow comes IN March
or April. after the covering l~ removed.
we put the fertilizer rch' on TIC snow
5 over tho rows of pianta and DO not then
! have to use the broom TAs object ~
E the spring fertilization is 20 give strength
to the plants so hat they can carry III"
! Immense crop Of fruit through to mntur
= ity Were I going TO apply q ton to.caah
; acre | should apply $50 lh. fo the rows
5 before the plants were set 5ho lh. AT In
G teryals tho grow ng season. and 80 10 N
\ the spring before the plants ARE tp fruit
$ II must always be Remembered that 'h'
$ strawberry does not reach out lll," som.
e plgnts for food and tho fcral.Zcr mu.
IS bc put rather close MP 20 tho planta q
e 10 much good l. ]. FARMER.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1903-04-28

morality? If that question can be an
sWcred in the affirmative, then no or
ganzation, whatever it's name, that seeks
to remedy the defect, need apologize for
its existence.
1t is thought by the Executive Commit
tee of this Society that a campaign of
educa tion is needed, not only in Asheville,
but all over our State, in regard to GER
tain laws which we believe need rene
dying and in regard to certain ideas con-
cerning The relations of the sexes That
there is q vast amount of ignorance and
consequent indifference about such mat
terS among both men and women, need
scarcely be argued. And on account of
the ignorance of almost every one in re-
gard TO what are known as age OF con-
sent" laws. tho committee has asked me
to give a talk on this subject For many
of the facts to be given by mo | am in
debted to a series of articles which ap-
peared in tho January, 1895, Arena to
Mrs Edholm's powerful book on Traffic
in Girls and The Florence Crittenton
Missions; and to M. K. Pearce's able
work Some Legal Aspects of the Ques-
ton
An "age of consent law is a statute
which fixes tho limit Of age at which a
to such ruin. These laws, according tC
their general Interpretation, refer TO The
crime of rape, and fix the age at which
a young girl may legally consent to seXu-
al relations. Statutes pertaining TO rape
provide for the punishment of ''WhocVcl
ravishcs or carnally knows female
| child by force or against her SF'i a
| any age and provides penalties for
whoever unlaWfu1ly and carrally knows
a female child with or without consent
under a given age" the given age ant
over being the age al which consent ma,
be given by the female without the pun
ishmont of the male. This age varies l.
different States and countries, and unit
within the last ten years was. IN mos
of the States, based uDon the old Eng
lish Common Law which placed the ag
at 10 and sometimes at ~ years IN no
| (CONTIEUED on SECOND PAGE)
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1903-04-28
8prinQtin16 al BiItnn0r8

F7rom the Country Gentleman

filled Last years spring saw US with
some twenty young Jersey bulls on hand,
many from 10 to Il months old Finally
all were sold at good price, but for
bit the situation was not encourag ging.
This year the breeders and dairymen
1--we taken all Of shipping aSe-11 to date
and we are booking orders ahead.
The demands for standardized poultry
in the Southern and Eastern States have
never been better. March saw the one
thousand dollar mark OF monthly sales
passed and with the incubator and
brooder plant running full blast, shipping
crates to make, and orders to be sent out
bv almost every train, the duties of the
manager of this department were any
thing but light. Several factors have con-
tributed to this. One reason is that
the capital required TO start a thorough
bred flock is small, and results are quick.
Then there is shortage everywhere,
compared with previous years, in com
mon stock. and better prices. Perhaps
the high price of beef and pork has in
creased the consumption of poultry. The
keen competition among poultry shows Of
the South has also helped breeders and
more new men are entering the rangs
! than ever before
Taken altogether 1903 should be a good
year for all breeders of live stock. 1t
appears to be only a question of produc-
ing a good article and getting it before
the public.
To return to farming operations one
| change in policy which the spring has
seen is the use of more mixed fertilizers
for certain farm crops. Notwtt tthstandine
the large quantity of manure hauled from
800 Jerseys and liberal use Of clover
and COW peas, the Improvement of tht
fields is too slow for those times, wher
time is worth more than money anC
$1,000 has been invested in bone meal an(
tankage Cat 500 a ton delivercd). acit
phosphate, cottonseed meal and potash
and our portable gasolene engine ha
been hitcned to home made mixer, an
special formulas made up for each crop
This has been done for years in connec
ton with the trucking crops and at tn
: same time trials have been made on
small scale Of application Of from 81
| to 200 pounds per aero to corn and small
) grain In connection with thorough prep
: aration Of the soil, good cultivation, an
: considering these effects on the afte
crops Of clover or grass. we are convince
$ that it pays even when there has bee
a shortage in the rainfall Judging fror
the increase OF grain alone. | am not pre-
7 parhd to say thore is any profit but Ii
:, value Of the shredded fodder for feedin
I on the farms makes the balance the othe
t way and there is certainly materis
profit in the following crop Of grass an
: clover at any rate on these poor soils.
c G.. F. WESTON.
p Bitmorc, n. c., April s.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1903-04-28
a F'0rkiliZ0r for Strawberries.


From an experience of 20 years in
strawberry culture. l have learned that
it IS impossible to get maximum results
by using stable manure alone. The soil
by repeated groupings, has been robbed
Of the three elements most essential TO
the growing of strawberries as Well as
other crops, and stable manure does not
supply these elements in the right pro-
portions. There is Very apt to be an
excess of nitrogen and not enough phos
phoric acid and potash, especially pot
ASH IN the manure to supply the needs
OF the plants Further than this. we
know that strawberries arc more sus
ceptible to blight and mildew and dis
ease of the foliage when stable manure
is applied directly to the strawberry bed
a little before or while ,-Ie plants are
growing | do not wish to be under
stood as opposed to stable manure,
believe in making and using all We can
but instead of applying it directly to
| the plants the year they are set out,
| should very much prefer to use 1t libeT-
! ally on the corn crop that should pre-
i Cedc the crop Of strawberries Stable
manure supplies the clements of humus
which cannot be supplied in cOncentrat t
/ ed or commercial fertilizers. Humus is
quite necessary to the healthy growth OF
| the plants, and must be supplied elther D!
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1903-04-28

To the Editor: l have before me a
copy of the letter of Governor Aycock,
of April 7th, in regard to tho States
representation at the st. Louis World g
Fair. 1t is paper that should have tlo
careful attention Of every citizen receiF-
ing a copy Of same and it is hoped that
the responses VIII justify the Governor
in giving the order to the Department
of Agriculture to make an exhibit, such
one as every citizen Of the State viii
be proud Of.
In this connection the writer offers for
the consideration OF the people of the
State a review of the letter Of Governor
Aycock, and while the paper may he
lengthy. it treats entirely with matters
pertaining to the further advancement
of the state and the interess Of tho
people; it is hoped that it may be the
means of aiding the Governor in accom-
plishing the task which he has under
taken.
Quoting from the lettor "No on
familiar with the situation questions The
Importance Of having the State properly
represented at this exposition"
What is the situation2 As We view It
it is this: At tho close Of the great
struggle in 1865 the State was in a desc
late. and practically ruined condition, bu
with those who had come out Of tha
bloody conflict determined 10 retriev'
their losses. to rebuild their homes, an.
place the old State back on the same. o.
d higher plane, than i before occupied
then a small black cloud appeared in tn
Northern political SKY, and soon tn
State was overcast with the RecoEstruc
ton cloud which continued 70 cover !
until we'll into the 70's. and not till tn
last quarter of the Nineteenth Ccntur.
was there the dawn of new era, tn
beginning Of the upbuilding OF the stat
in many lines. which still goes on an
will 20 on, and for which all honor an
credit is due first. to the native son
of the State, then to those who seeinj
the great advantages and opportunitie
here offered. have placed their capital .
made their homes with Us. .. a few fg
ures as to what has been done may 40
/ be out of place:
| In 1870 we had SO cotton factories, wit
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1903-04-28
NORTH CAROLINA AT ST. LOUIS
Governor Aycock Letter Calling for Contributions to
Duplicate the Appropriation, as Condi~
toned in the Act.

,..4., 80 :, ooo am e,i,,ine, ornr,lovmout
- go
n 1eqo niIls to canftaI - SIS 500 GIN
,,1r,ce . o-o
,oon Ia. ~ oa..i,.t $40 rat o-r-
pIoves Sis.
IN 1900 tho record is mills III. carL-
tai s23.01f.516 employees 30 2-3
50 much for that side Of the pictures
the grand total Of an manufacturing ia
dustries presents the following hgures-
Number Of establish 1850 1905.
rqents 1861 7.k35
Capital invested s32 -. .1a5 81, ,s6a. s-t
Wage carnors..... 80. .G25 7og.t
Value Of products SO 375.85o 2af ola $50
and on the Ayr. lltural side the SNOW
ing Is ~ foilo"s
Gross value y Aericg' 8ral prateefs.
1880. =. :. -s51171..af
1000. 81 80. 1#s
Here Is part of the situation That tA"
Governor Il supposed 70 re'eT 10. ~ .s p
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1903-04-28
From The Country Gentleman.

barn manure or from crops like clover +
peas, &c plowcd under.
\ good home made concentrated fer
tilizer can he gotten up ~ mixing to-
gethcr 1000 pounds of acid phosphate
900 pounds nitrate or soda and 100 pounds
OF either muriate or sulphaIa cf potash
These materials can be ordered through
The local agents Of any OF the fertilizer
companies. We use. and recommend 10.
the average farmer, a ready made fertll-
izer such as is sold to market gardners
or 10 potato growers. For the past fcw
years we have been using grade which
/ anaiyzes $50 per cent nitrogen per
i cent phosphoric acid and 10 per cent
! potash This fertilizer retails for $lI =
per ton. The home made mixture above
referred to would analyze $50 Ter cent
nitrogen, 6 per cent phosphoric acid
/ and 10 per cent potash. and one could
very soon tell which would oe cheaper 70
buy by getting prices Of the elements
from the agent.
l unhesitatingly advise the average far
mer to buy the ready mixed goods. be-
cause all that can possibly be gained ;
the cost Of mixing and possibly knowing
the source from which the fertlllZlng ele-
ments are derived The disadvantage OF
improper mixing and the increased cost
because Of buying at retail prices, Will
more than Offset these. My experience
Is that homemade fertilizers are gener-
ally more raw and cause more damage
to the plants than ready mixed goods
in fact ] have lost more by using then
than I have evex gained.
Unless person uses judgment in ,h'
time of applying concentrated fertilizer
to Strawberries, the quantity 10 appN
; and how to apply t. he will often los
. more than he will make. The year 40
was verv dry. A friend used four ton
!, of high grado fertilizer on eight acres Q
berries, putting it on in the spring, a
;, soon as the snow went off, TO the plant
: that were going to bear At the sam
time l applied half this quantity to a
= equal acreage My friend injured hi
= crop by the heavy application, the root
IN many places being burned off, Will
= my crop was not injured at all and wa
, excellent I once marked a large pee
for strawberries and scattered at the rat
- g. one ton to the acre Of home nike
goods right on the mark cultvating
- in with fine-toothcd Planet. Jr., cult
. vator The piece was remarked in II
same place and the plants set in. Ever
- time Q rain came the roots would shriv'
from the. excess Of fertilizer, and all II
plants died out except those on the hgl
= est portions where the moisture cOul
readily run off But the crop Of berrie
= from these scattered portions was in
n mense I would not advise the use OF
tons of high grade goods TO he acr
where the previous crops had been VIC
manured. but when the soil is rath
- poor. I think one ton of tho above name
of ,ia t .
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1903-04-28
Four Drumstics 10 Chicken.
(C1arkton Express

They are beginning 20 raise chickens
Of nov and improved variety oE ON
the river Mrs. Emily komp has oa.s
50 wc are reliably informed, THAT has
four feet It IS a week ola and doing
well Now that IS the kind Of chickens
TO raise Just think instead of getting
two drum sticks. with this new variety
wc would get four Sometime ago "e
offered a years subser.pt on for four her#.
but VIZ will give it for only two q th.aa
four-Ieggcd hens, just for the dranaugl-#
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1903-04-28

and Woo is there among US bearing
the name of q man who will dare SIT
down any longer with folded hands III
the presence Of SO great wrong ?'---
Report Of Fall Mall Gazette $ Commits
Sion.
As l understand it, the White Cross
Society has two purposes in view: First,
to promote personal purity in word and
deed. Second and which is a natura.
sequence Of the first, to have any exisit-
Ing laws that are defective so amended
as to throw all reasonable safeguards
around our young people. in order that
they may have a fair and reasonable
Glance to grow up to a pure manhood and
NOmdGhOod.
Are these two purposes reasonable? IL
SO, then sufficient reason is establish
ca for the existence of this organization.
But why form a society," says some
enc who really wishes to know why there
should be an organization. This is day
IL which little can be accomplished with
cut combination. There is strength in
union, and no one will dispute the fact
tEat a body Of people meeting together
with definite objects in view, can en-
courage each other and accomplish those
OBJECTS better by combining in sym
pathetic organization than by working in
"tNIdually without such organization. II
ILLS were not true there would be no
polucal parties no churches, no lodges,
ctc. And especially is this SO as re
&ards legislation. If any of our laws are
pel"ctiVe, 1T requires combined action TO
remedy them
ihis Society has. and will have. moth
ing TO do with the rcmedying of any dc
le'tNc law except in far as that law
mas something to do with the relations
Of the two sexes.
with these preliminary remarks. ! ash
1he question: is there p defective law
'l 'he statute books of North Carolina
"hlch by it's defect fails to throw aroun'
''i boys and girls, our youths and maid
'"9' our men and women, the prope
sale leSuardS, so as to lessen sexual i'm
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1903-04-28
FoW a Church Made 723 Per Cent.
CMt. Morris \ Y Telegram To the
New York World)

(Nt Morris n Y, Telegram to the
New York World)
One wear ago the Rev. Walter A. Stir
Ing. pastor Of ST. Johns church, gave d
silver dollar to each woman Of his con-
grogation asking each to invest it and TO
bring back at the end of the year the
profits of the investment
Yesterday the fifty women handed in
Sf1180 one woman, farmers wife. in
vested her 81 n q young calf, which she
sold Tor So al the end OF ten weeks. The
50 was invested in poultry, and returned
81 at tho end CT the year. Another sold
popcorn at a local store and earned SO.
Others did nocdleWork, and home made
cake, fancy work, etc, all yielding good
returns.
Contented labor digs the grave Of Wor-
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1903-04-28

Contented labor digs the grave Of wor
ry.
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1903-12-04

Henry smith. Who Made That Claim Dies
in the Michigan Insane Asylum
at the Age ot -.

Kalamazoo. Mich. Dee. Henry
Smith. said TO be the originator Of the
New York elevated railroad. is dead at
the Michigan insane asylum. He was
- years old and had been patient at
the institution for thii, y-Seyen years.
Despite his alliiction he frequently
showed himself TO be an intelligent.
well-educated man. Among his effects
was found crumpled certificate. which
showed that the bearer was the invcn-
tor of the New York suspended rail
road.
1t iSalleged that after plans had been
drawn and the work actually begun he
was forced out of the corporation
which was building the road. Soon aft
or he was found i'm Pennsylvania
town. wandering aimlesSly about. with
odt money and nearly starved to death,
hut with the plans and specifications
for the cherished elevated railroad still
I'm his possession He was brought TO
Michigan by relatives. but became in
sane
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1903-12-04
WAS no BREAcH OF CONTRACT
For Michigan To Repeal the statute EK-
emptinG Certain Railways from
TaNation

Detroit Dec. IA dispatch from
New York says; In the supreme
court Of the United States an opinion
has beendelivered by Justice Holmes in
the case of the Wisconsin and Michi-
gan Railroad company vs.. Auditor Gen
eral Powers, of the state Of Michigan.
The case involved the laws of Michi-
gan relative TO the right Of that state
TO tax railroads lying north OF the
44th degree of north latitude
These roads were exempt prior TO
1897, when the state passed law re.
pealing the statute OF exemption The
railroad company cOutended that the
passage OF this act was a breach
contract. but the court held that such
was not the case and affirmed the opin-
ion OF the court below.