The Dolores star., 1903-12-11

of the works contemplated iof coHsuuc-
tIon are of national Importance. invoiv-
ing Interstate questions or the securing
of stable. self-supporting communities In
the midst OF vast tracts OF vacant land
The Nation whole Is OF course the
gamer by the creation of these homes.
adding as they do to the wealth and sta
bility CT the country. and furnishing
home market for the products OF the East
ana South. The reclamation law, while
perhaps not ideal appears at present to
answer the larger needs for which IL Is
designed. Further legislation is not rec
commended until the necessities of change
are more apparent
Preservation Of Forests.
The President points out the neces-
sity of taking steps for the preserva-
ton of our forests, especially at the
headwaters of streams. OF the cotton
weevil he says:
The cotton growing States have re-
Gently been invaded by a weeviI that has
done much damage and threatens the
entire cotton Industry. / suggest to the
Congress the prompt enactment OF such
remedial legislation as its judgment may
approve.
isthmian Canal.
The causes leading up to the estab-
lishment of the new republic OF Pan
anna. and its recognition by the
United States are given in much de-
tail. as follows:
BY the act of June IS. 1902. the Con-
grees authorized the President TO enter
into treaty with Colombia for tho build
ing of the canal across tho Isthmus of
Panama: It being provided that In the
No fut1 tn lob
after the lapse OF = reasonable time. re-
course should be had TO building a canal
through Nicaragua. il has not been
necessary to consider this alternative. as
l am enabled TO lay before tho Senate
a treaty providing for the building of the
canal across the Isthmus OF Panama
This was the route which commended
itself to the deliberate judgment of the
,cngrcss and We can now acquire by
treaty the right To construct the canal
over this route. The question now, there
fore is not by which route the isthmian
canal shall be built. for that question
has been definitely ard irrevocably de-
cided. The question Is simply whether or
not We shall have isthmian canal
importane. Of Peace in Isthmus.
The control in the interest of the COM
-nerce and traffic of the whole civilized
world. of the means of undsturbcd tran
FIJI ACROSS tHe lsbhius VI
become OF transcendent Importance to
the United States. We have repeatedly
exercised This control by intervening In
the course OF domestic dissenslon. and
by protecting the territory from foreign
invasion. In 1858 Mr.. Everett assured
the Peruvian minister that we should
not hesitate to maintain the neutrality
of the isthmus In the Of war be-
tween Peru and Colombia. In 1854 CO.
lombia. which has always been vigilant
to avail itself of its privileges conferred
by the treaty. expressed its expectation
that in the event of war between Peru
and Spain the United States would carry
into effect the guaranty OF neutrality.
There have been few Administrations of
the State Department in which this
treaty has not. either by the one side
or the other. been used as a basis of
more or less important demands. 1t was
said by Mr.. Fish In 1871 that the Depart
ment of State had reason to believe that
an attack upon Colombian sovereignty
on the isthmus had, on several occa-
sions, been averted by warning from this
Government. In 1886. when Colombia was
under the menace of hostilities from
Italy in the Cerruti case. Mr. Bayard ex-
pressed the serious concern that the
United States could not bug feel that a
European power should resort to force
against sister republic of this hsmis-
phere. as 10 the sovereign and uninter-
We are guarantors under the solemn faith
OF a treaty.
Treaty With Republic Of Panama.
Every effort has been made by the Gov.
ernment OF the United States to persuade
Colombia to follow course which was
essentially not only to our interests and
to the interests of the world but to tho
interests Of Colombia Itself. These ef.
forts have failed: and Colombia by her
persistence in repulsing the advances that
have been made. has forced US. for the
sake OF our own honor. and of the inter-
est and well-being. not merely of our own
people. but of the people Of the lsthmus
OF Panama and the people of the civilized
countries OF the world. to take decisive
steps to bring to an end a condition of
anairs which had become intolerable
The new Republic of Panama Immediate
~ offered to negotiate treaty with u.s.
This treaty herewith submit. BY It our
interests are better safeguarded than in
the treaty with Colombia which was rati.
fed by the Senate at its last session. 1t il
better In Its terms than the treaties Of
Tered to us by the Republics of Nicara-
qua and Costa Rica. At last the right
to begin this great undertaking Is made
available. Panama has done her part.
All that remains is for the American Com
gress to do Its part and forthwith this
Republic Will enter upon the execution
OF project colossal in its size and of
"eii-HiB-. incalcuiabi6 possibilities for the
good OF this country and the nation. of
mankind.
Provisions Of Treaty.
BY the provisions OF the treaty the
United States guarantees and will main
tain the Independence OF the Republic OF
Panama. There is granted to the United
states IN perpetuity the use. occupation.
and control of a strip ten miles wide and
extending three nautical miles into the
sea at either terminal, with all lands w.
Ing outside Of the zone necessary for tho
construction of the canal or for Its aur-
lliary works, and with the Islands in the
Bay OF Panama. The cities OF Panama
and Colon are not embraced in the canal
zone. but the United States assume.
their sanitation and In case OF need, the
maintenance OF order therein: the United
States enjoys within the granted limit,
All the rights. power. and authority which
~ would possess We're 1t the sovereign Of
me territory TO the exclusion of the ex.
ercise OF sovereign rights by the Republic
An Iallway and canal property rights be-
longing to Panama and needed for IN.
tn