davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Brownsville daily herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1897-1910, 1903-09-05
LIST OF LETTERS.

The uncalled for letters. remain
ing in the post office of Brownsville
for the week ending September 5
1903, are as follows:
LADIES.
Arnold Mrs. DIR.
Castillo de Mesa Antonio
Esparza de Garcia Francisco
Flores Gregoria
Gomez Tiburcia
Ramos Juanita
Willis Cline.
GENTLEMEN.
Curtis J. n.
Flores Juan
CARA Tomas
Hernandez Macario
Hardin P. w. NJ. d.
More A. Walter
Mansano Jose
Montalbo Eluterio
Martinez Encarnacion
Morelos Deodoro
Olivares Nemencio
ROdorta AmodO
Rodriguez Policarpo
Sosa G. Gregorio
Sosa Gregorio
Spens Jackson
Tribe Cruz
Quintanilla Guadalupe.
Persons calling for the above let
tiers please say advertised.
J. B. SHARPE. Postmaster.
The Brownsville daily herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1897-1910, 1903-09-05
Eight Thousand.
The Effect of English Education on
the Ordinary Person.

The second edition of who's
Who in America" (from the press
of A. N. Marquis & Co., Chicago
contains 1900 pages of brief bio
graphies, without eulogy, criticism
o. comment, of such persons now
living in America as have become
noted as factors in the progress and
achievement of the age. "Endeavor
has been made" say the editors,
''to include all Americans of more
than local note in all lines of useful
effort" No name is inserted or
omitted for financial consideration
the book is sold on its merits.
With view to determining what
effect education of the various
grades has had on success in life,
effort was made to ascertain the
school training of each of these men
and women "of more than local
note" and 1852 on their United
States list were thus educationally
classified.
According to the best estimate
we can make from the latest census
returns, there are in the United
States 40,7S3,OO7 persons over
twenty-one years old. These are
divided educationally about as
follows;
Glass Without School Train
ing, 4,6S2.47S; Class with only
Common School Training, 32,S62,-
951; Glass 3-With Common and
High School Training, 2,165,357;
Class with College or Higher
Education added, 1,O71, POI.
Now the question is, how many
of the eight thousand distinguish
ed citizens of the United States on
the Who's Who list came from
each of these classes?
The 1862, AIS, of Class l fur
nishel 81; The 32,S62,95 of Glass
furnished sos; The 2,165,357 of
Glass 3 furnished ,245; The 1,071,-
pol, of Class 4 furnished 5.76S.
1t thus appears;
LIST. That an uneducated child
has one chance in 10000 of at
tanning distinction as a factor in
the progress of the age
2nd. That a common school
education will increase his chances
nearly four times.
3rd. That a high school training
will increase the chances of the
common school boy twenty-threc
times, giving him eighty-sever
times the chance of the uneducat.
el.
4th- That a college education in.
ereases the chance of the higi
school boy nine times, giving hin
two hundred and nineteen time:
The chance Of the common schoo
boy, and more than 500 times tn,
chance Of the unframed.
1t Is a surprising fact that O
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1903-06-20
Arbitration Losing It's Hold.

The arbitration court system in New
Zealand is not working quite SO smooth
ly as was hoped and expected. In sew
eral recent labor questions it's decisions
have caused much dissa tisfaction and
in some instances open rebellion among
the affected workmen. In the latest
case the court decided that Is. I'D. an
hour was the proper wage for carpen-
tiers. The men had demanded Is. Cd.
and when the award was made held an
Indignation meeting. The chairman
said the judge had not taken into con-
sideration the increased cost of living
and rent in the district, and Il resoiu-
award given by the court was entirely
contrary to tie weight Of evidence ad.
duced, while the court itself as at pres
ent constituted was unworthy Of the
confidence Of the workers. The meeting
was practically unanimous in carrying
this resolution. there being only one
dissentient. The seconder of the motion
went so far as to charge the court with
having deliberately set aside more than
one-half the evidence and even limited
that in some way the judge had been
brought over to the other side. Other
speakers demanded an immediate
strike. but they We're overruled for the
time. 1t seems plain that the existence
Of the whole arbitration scheme in its
present shape is exceedingly precari-
Gus. The whole subject is receiving the
anxious consideration Of the govern
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1903-06-20
Key to the Puzsler.

No. 165.-Diamond: 1. D. 2. Den q.
Ducal. 4. Decimal. 5. Named. 6. Lad.
Z. L.
No. 166.-Primal Acrostic: Polyphe--
mus l. Parrot 2. Octagon. 3. Laeeas.
4. Yardstick. 5. Pumpkin. g. Horsaa
Z. Elephant. s. Money. 8. Umbrella,
10. Spear.
No. 167.-Anagram Enigma: NakaE
haste slowly.
No. 16S.-Transposition: Tern, rent
No. 169.-Hidden Trees: 1. Dis-ig-uro.,
2. Overwhelmed. g. Palm-istry. T.
Thr-ash-ing. 5. Re-pine. 6. Im-peaeA-~
ed. Z. Sublime. 8. Appearance O.
Affirm.
No. 170.- Rhomboid: Across Il.
Hardy. 2. Tares., 8. Giant. 4. PrieeS.
s. Speak. Down.. II. 2. At g..
Rag. 4. Drip. s. Years. 6. Snip. q.
Toe. 8. Ra. 8. x. -
No. I'LL Geographical Pu12l41ez
Plymouth. Denver. Richmond ca.
lumbus. Idaho. Alabama. +
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1903-06-20
Child labor In the South

The employment of children in mills
and mines is bad enough at any age,
but when there is no restriction it Of
ten results in cruelty. Instances of this
fact were given in a speech deliv-
cred recently by Lieutenant Governor
Guild of Massachusetts before the New
England Cotton Manufacturers asso-
citation. He told OF the employment in
southern mills Of children Of ten years
of age, and even younger, ut both night
and day work.
There is no law on the subject in
nearly all Of the south: hence very
young children are employed long
hours on both night and day work. 1t
is difficult to believe that such little
children can keep awake Mt nights to
serve in cotton mills; but. hired out by
their parents and watched by "bosses,' -
they serve these long hours for very
small pay.
AS Lieutenant Governor Guild re-
marked, there is no need of anything
of the kind There is only one northern
state that permits the employment of
such young children, and that state is
Vermont. But it has law which re-
stricts the employment of children to
those over ten years, while in southern
mills they are employed when under
ten years Of age. Massachusetts re-
stricts the age to fourteen and the
hours of employment to fifty-eight per
week, Connecticut to fourteen years
and sixty hours employment and
Rhode Island to twelve years and fifty
eight hours. Other states not engaged
to any great extent in cotton manufac-
turing also limit the hours for children
But there is no law in the south re-
stricting child labor excepting the one
in South Carolina. which went into
effect May 1. That forbids the en-
ployment Of children under ten years.
The south has abundant cheap labor
without employing little children in the
mills. 1t should not use those little in.
nocents for any purpose and certainly
not to compete with New England in
producing cotton cloths. 1t can pros
per without them and should put a
stop to this unnatural cruelty.-Phila
delphia Press.
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1903-06-20
The COachmen's Union,

Coachmen in private families, who
formed union in Chicago about two
months ago. have been chartered by
the Transfers National Union Of
America and it's delegates seated in the
teamsters' joint council. The union
has a membership Of about 200 and is
still growing. No attempts will be
made. according to the statement Of
Business Agent Johnson, for uni
form wage scale, but instead efforts
will be directed toward lettering the
condition Of the members, furnishing
employers with good, reliable men and
elevating the calling in general.
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1903-06-20
lots of men in bringing the enjoyment
of all things within the reach of all

lots Of men ii, bringing the enjoyment
Of all things within the reach of all
men.
If we make a list Of a dozen classes
Of workers, the truth of this statement
becomes apparent - for ms" nee, the
rate of wages of cotton factory work
ers, wooden factory workers. unskilled
laborers, carpenters, machinists. print
ers, clerks, bookkeepers. teachers, cler-
gymen, judges and so on.
This, again, is shown by the fact that
wages in the same occupations are al
ways higher in cities. where the cost of
living is more, than in the country dis
tricts and higher in the larger cities
than in the smaller.
To. refuse to treat with the Ia Dor or
CARNATIONS. or to even acknowledge
their existence, by employers, or by the
organizations Of employers. can in no
case result in any permanent good in
the present rapid march of civilization.
1t only makes discord in the army of
God, and what is seemingly a success
for season can only result finally in
the humilia ton of the employers, as
witness John Mitchell aud President
Baer.
Men will fight longer and sacrifice
more for sentiment--what to them is a
principle-than for substance.
l can say, after considerable expert
ence as an employer. without strikes
or their like for many years and with
the number Of strikes and threatened
strikes in other years, having a fairly
good hind sight" that strikes are in
almost all cases avoidable, and in nine
cases in ten it Is in the power of the
employer, rather than in that of the
leaders Of labor orga MIA tons. to avoid
them and keep the rate Of wages salts
factory and be on the. most friendly re-
lations with his employees.
We, as members of this board of
trade, in memory OF the great. liberal
minded men who preceded us, in the
interest Of this city Of our love. in the
interest and for the security Of the
noble men In the great body Of en-
ployers and, above all. in the interest
of the most intelligent, honorable and
skilled body of wage earners on the
face Of the earth. should make an ex-
haustive study Of and assume some re-
sponsibility in solving these latter day
labor problems
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1903-06-20

filed the hollow tube with cotton sat-
urated with turpentine. The missile
when ready was about the size Of a
rifle cartridge with it's shell. This was
fred from a smoothbore musket into
the roller. Several times the rollers
took fire, and the flames were extin.
guished. One night the principal roller
nearest Fort Hill was entirely de-
stroyed. This stopped work in that
trench, and the besiegers began anoth-
er farther back, soaking the roller with
water.
Finding it impossible to check the
steady and ceaseless advance of the
foe above ground, the Louisianians
who occupied Fort Hill began to coun-
termine with the hope of blowing up
the Federal trench diggers., This work
was slower than the trench digging Of
the Federals, for the counterm1ners
had to sink vertical shaft to great
depth and then tunnel forward under
meath the enemy. This expedient ulti.
mately saved the fort from destruction.
but did not prevent the explosion of
June rs.
The next step Of the Federals after
reaching the outer ditch Of Fort Hill
with their trench was to burrow down
under the parapet and lay the powder
mine. The Confederate counterminers
were already at work under the fort,
but the opposing gangs of laborers did
not detect the presence of each other.
The deep mining of the Federals was
done by experts, and at the end Of
three days they had eighty feet of GAL
lery completed under the parapet and
filed with 1900 pounds of powder,
Although fully appraised of the dan.
ger. the Confederates were unable to
stop the enemy's work. Their big guns
bearing on the ground in front had
been silenced, and they could not sally
out to attack the Federals without
coming under the awful: Ore 81 mua,
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1903-06-20
A Strike of JUDGES.

The Japanese judges are so miser-
ably underpaid-a Japanese judge is a
lucky man If he touches his pound a
week-that they went on strike some
time ago for higher wages. They pre-
scented at the same time petition to
the house of representatives, but the
members were too much occupied with
the question Of retrenchment to grant
their request. with the result that they
are now gradually dropping out of the
justiciary to take up any sort Of odd
Job that pays them better.-Hongkong
Press
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1903-06-20

E6he Last Dash at
EVicksburg a '''; ::: 4 e:

copyright, 1908, by G. L. Kilmer.]

(Copyright, 1903, by G. L. Kilmer.]
0UNE %, 1868, was the last day
of desperate fighting in front Of
d. Vicksburg. That day the Fed
erals exploded mine under
Fort Hill, a Confederate work on the
Jackson road in front Of General John
A. Logan's division. The enterprise
proved a success as far as engineering
skill and human daring could make it
SO; but, like the famous mine at Pc
tersburg in 1864, it failed to give the
attacking party the key to the enemy's
line as was hoped for.
Most soldiers if given choice would
prefer charging into the breach open
ed by an explosion to the tedious Ia
Dor of placing a mine. The construc-
ton of the Fort Hill mine involved an
advance of over 1000 feet in the enc
my's line. some of the distance being
exposed to cannon fire and the bullets
of vigilant sharpshooters. The ad-
vance was made step by step. Work
ing at night. the sappers opened a
trench for distance deep enough to
shield themselves by daylight. Dur
ing the day they widened and deep
ened the trench and at night passed
on another stretch.
After proceeding 400 feet the sappers
excayated a large square and with the
earth removed constructed cover for
two naval guns, which helped to cover
them in working beyond that point.
These guns finally silenced the Con
federate cannon at Fort Hill, but not
so much as hand could be shown
above the Federal parapet without be-
ing punctured. During the daytime
the men working to push forward the
trench had some protection from hugo
rollers made of wicker and filled with
bullet proof material These rollers
were like movable parapets, ever
drawing nearer and nearer to the goal.
When the head Of the trench had
been carried to within twenty-five
yards of the fort Confederate soldier
invented a clever device for destroying
the roller. Taking piece of portfire.
slow match used for firing cannon. he
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1903-06-20

Incentive to w. G. T. &. Workers..
: Mrs. Helen M. Stoddard recently
made an offer to the local w. c. T. U
unions in Texas to increase interest il
scientific temperance instruction. Tt
each union that will offer two medals
for the best examination on physiology
in the fifth and eighth grades she will
donate one of them. If the union Of
fers four, she will donate two. Hel
offer has been accepted by a large
number Of unions.
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1903-06-20
TRADE UNION HELPMEETS.

Aux1l1ar1es of Labor Organizations
Proposed by HI. N. Cusson.
Herbert N. Casson, author Of Organ
lied Self Help" advocates the forma-
ton Of associations composed of edi-
tors, lecturers, clergymen and other
professional and business men who be-
heve in trade unions as auXiliaries of
the labor organizations. Mr.. Casson
writes on the subject for Boyce's Week
~ as follows:
Other organizations talk; trade I'M
1onlsm acts. If body of workers has
been compelled to strike to obtain fair
play social reform clubs send sympa-
thy. but the American Federation of
Labor sends cash. The coal miners
have been receiving an infinite amount
of sympathy, good wishes, ETC., for the
past fifty years, but their wages were
never increased 10 per cent until the
union took up their case and pushed it
through to a successful conclusion.
The important thing to be remem-
oered is that the unions are not fight
ing these battles for their own benefit
merely. They are doing work which
should be done by the whole nation.
They are undertaking tasks which the
community as whole ought to do.
1t seems clear to the writer that
some kind Of a trade union auxiliary
should be organized composed of mid
die class and professional men a |
women who would reinforce the trace
union firing line. Clarence S. barrow
recently proposed something Of this
kind, but Of legal nature merely. A
we'll organized auxiliary would have
not only a legal bureau, but a press
bureau, to correct the false statements
that are made during almost every
strike, a financial bureau to raise funds
to help uniOnists who are being perse
cuted and an educational bureau {
furnish reading matter to the labor pa
pers of the country.
The fact that the unions are now do
Ing the rough and dangerous work o.
rocial progress cannot b. disputed
They are the hardy pioneers Of a new
and more humane social system, thu
Daniel Boones Of the coming civiliZa
ton, and they should not be left to fac,
the dangers Of the frontier without til,
assistance Of all those who wish tt
make this country republic in fact a.
well as in name.
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1903-06-20
The Cigar Makers.

According to the annual report Of
President George w. Perkins Of the
Cigar Makers International union, the
receipts of his organization during the
past year were 1871. 1880, while the
expenditures amounted to $741.246.94.
leaving a balance of 1851, S1129 in the
treasury. The bulk Of the expenditures
was used in conducting strikes in Mont.
real and New Orleans and in paying
death benefits
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1903-06-20
Federation FIGURES.

Mr.. Frank Morrison. secretary of the
American Federation Of Labor. reports
relative to the conditions of employ
ment during March. 1903. that 2.1 per
cent Of 36293 were without employ
ment. In February of 49,790 reported
81 per cent were unemployed. 1t is
also reported that during last March
157 charters were issued by the fedora
ton as follows: National and interna-
tional unions. 9; central bodies. -: fed.
eral labor unions, 81; local trade IN
ions. 80.
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1903-06-20
The Stove Molders.

The new agreement Of the stove
molders throughout the United States.
made recently at Cincinnati. is to run
for one year from April l. Quite a
number of changes were agreed to in
regulations, nearly all Of them in the
nature of concessions to the workers.
There will be no change in wages.
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1903-06-20
What six American cities are here
represented?
No. 17S.-Cross Purnose.

If 90 out and you go in, a rhyme
becomes forest.
If go out and you go in, document
becomes leaden ball.
If go out and you go in, tax be-
comes an apology.
If l go out and you go in, flexible
becomes split timber.
If l go out and you go in, to heat.
gradually becomes a season.
If go out and you go in, a title be-
comes to assemble.
If go out and you go in, harsh be-.
comes an article Of food.
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1903-06-20

Will Organize Chinese and Japs.
The Western Federation of Miners is
contemplating the organization of the
hosts Of Chinese and Japanese employ
ed in the mines and smelters Of the
northwest and British Columbia. These
foreigners have frequently shown them
selves to be In sympathy with union
Ism. Isl .#s..
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1903-06-20
ClodhopDers In the Swim.

An amalgamated farm hands IN
ion has been organized in Illinois. The
farm hands will demand a minimum
monthly wage Of $35 and board. The
wage scale will include thrashers, corn
huskers, plowmen. binders. stock la
.borers and all men employed about
farms.
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1903-06-20
No. 1SO.-Decapitations.

Behead to chop and leave a tree.
Behead word expressing unreantHs
and leave kind of wood.
Behead transparent substance andE
leave a young girl; behead again andRs
leave an animal
Behead a grain and leave q result Of.
extreme cold
Behead an animal and leave a grain,
Behead a lively dance and leave q
fish.
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1903-06-20
No. 179.-Charade.

I made a FIRST; thought it good:
How one old SECOND did glare!
He never could have understood.
His FIRST SECOND speech made peop1l
stare.
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1903-06-20

No. 174.-Flower Puzzles.
Take one letter from each of the fol-
lowing words in succession and spell
the name Of a we'll known flower:
l. Castle, mankind, courage, work.
present, simple, nature, story.
2. Candid, pleasure, night, fellow
civil, lady.
8. Speech, proper, white, summer.
brook. source, reason, pleasant
4. Event, child, about gentle, smileI-
letter.
5. Acorn, brown, crown, dismal
alone. fifty, step.
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1903-06-20
The Only way.

The Rev. Goodman-You are a veR31
noble little fellow, Tommy. Now, talR
me what deep underlying principals
prompted you to forgive those wickele
boys who called you ugly names.
Tommy-They was all bigger than
me.-Town and Country.
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1903-06-20
K
B.. K < K < X6.
< < K K
K x K K
< K K
2. <

From l to 2, the commandments
from , to 3, a soothing applications
from 1 to 3, one who vindicates him.
self; from 5 to 6, fruit; from 5 to 4,
true; from to 6, a kind of cloth made
from flax.
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1903-06-20

No. 173.-MissinE Rhymes.
The sun may have it's troubles,
But it keeps the bright -- -
The lark may have misgivings.
But she hides away her -:
Poets praise the sun for -
And the lark for never -;
Man has Joys from bird and planet.
Since they keep the bright -~
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1903-06-20
= :" 49, =; = 9 $500.
:F7ttH|EE:KllgI (zzHE
- a. 90
No. 172-Numerical Enigma.

NO. 172-Numer1ca1 EnfEma>
l am composed of thirteen letters.
and name yellow wild flower grow
ing in marshy places.
My I, 2, 3, 4 is a planet.
My 10. II, -, IL is precious metal
My $, Z, is kind of meat.
My s, 3, 10 is to fit with rigging.
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1903-06-20
No. 173.-Added Syllables

No. 173.-Added Syllables.
This **"" was Etfie's pride and joy:
She paid *+*"ar for the toy.
She ate the ST" with keen delight:
The "**+age on her hat was bright
She gave SIS. the waiter bowed,
Put on her **"pet, joined the crowd.
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1903-06-20

No. 176.-Connected Triangles.
The Billings gazette. [volume] (Billings, Mont.) 1896-1919, 1903-01-09

In the District Court of the Seventh
Judicial District Of the State of
Montana, in and for the County of
Yellowstone.
In the Matter of the Estate of Mile
Foster, Deaceased.-Notice of Time
for Proving Will.
Notice is hereby given that the 18th
day of January, 1903, at five o'clock
p. m. of said day, and the court room
of said court, at the court house in
Billings, in said county has been ap-
pointed as the time and place for
proving the will of said Mile Foster.
deceased, and for hearing the appli-
cation of Grant Foster for the issu-
ance to him of letters testamentary
thereon.
Witness my hand and the seal of
said court at Billings, Mont, January
5, 1908.
(Seal.) T. A. WILLIAMS,
ia Clerk of said District Court.