davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-08-08
NORTHWEST WEDDINGS

FERGUS FALLS, MINI. - Howard
Dykman, cashier of the First National
bank of Breckenridge, and Miss Anna M.
Olson, one of the popular young ladies of
this city, were united in marriage at the
home of the brides parents last evening,
the ceremony being performed by Rev.
j. G. Morrison. They left Immediately
for points on the PacificS coast.
The marriage of Henry F. Brandt and
Miss Amelia B. Hanigsen, both well
known young people, took place yesterday
in the presence Of friends.
MONTICELLO, MINN.-The Methodist
church was the scene of a pretty wedding
on Wednesday evening, the principals be-
ing Bert l.. Blair of Watervile, and Miss
Nellie M. Clark Of this place. The church
was tastefully decorated with green and
white. The bride, dressed in white silk,
and carrying bride roses, was preceded by
the maid of honor, Miss Deda Clark,
dressed in pink silk null, while the best
man and bridegroom met them at the
altar.
Following the bride and her attendant
were Miss Hannah Field Of Fergus Falls,
and Archie Bailey Of Monticello; Miss
Agnes Tennison and Ross Wedgewood of
Monticello, and Miss Maud Harter of Cam
Miss Tennison was dressed in pink silk
null while the Misses Harter and Field
wore blue silk NULL They carried white
carna tons.
A reception was held at the home of the
brides parents. Mr.. and Mrs Blair will
reside at Waterville, where the BRIDE
groom is engaged in business.
SIOUX FALLS, s. Dat the parsonage
of st. Michaels church in this city took
place the wedding of W. F.. Blaine OF
Washington, D. c., and Miss Theresa Hen
messy of Sioux Falls. The ceremony was
performed by Father Nolan. After an
extended tour of the Pacific coast states
the couple will return to the national cap
ital, where they will make their perma-
nent home.
$50 to San FrrncIsco, Los Angeles and
| Return.
On Aug. / to IA inclusive, the Chicago
Great Western railway will sell tickets at
above low rates. Through Tourist Sleeper.
Choice Of routes. For stop-overs, limits,
berths or any information apply to Z. c.
Rains, General Agent, Corner Nicollet
av and Fifth st, Minneap ol15.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-08-08

: WASHBURN, WIS.-Contracts are be-
ing sfor the erection of the new build
ings for the dynamite plant Of the Atlantic
Manufacturing company. Archie Don
ais Of Ashland will build seventeen brick
structures, and the contract for the $50,
900 electrical plant has been let. s.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-08-08

CLEAR LAKE, loWA.-Clear Lake
Chautauqua assembly opened yesterday
with the largest attendance in it's his
tory. Major Lacy delivered an address
on the leading men Of the present CEN
fury.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-08-08
MICHIGAN
A DECREASE IN JULY
16,4so,ooo Pounds Of Copper Produced in
Lake Mines NotMithstandinu
MICHIGAN

CALUMET, MICH Copper production
by Lake Superior mines showed decrease
in July Orher than the copper on the
WharYes at Dollar bay, there is very little
metal in sight in this district. The Calu-
met & Hecla recently made large sale
at Is cents and is reported out of the mar
ket. The following table gives the July
production of the lake mines:
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-08-08

PLANklNTON, S. DR.. F. Bunker,
had narrow escape. He was digging po-
tatoes. when a rattlesnake struck at him,
but only succeeded in fastening. its fangs
in the farmers overalls below the knee,
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-08-08

SPEARFlSH, S. D.-Miles Standish. a.
drunken Indian, attacked his father-in-
law, James Goodhawk, striking him on the
mead with heavy neck yoke and frac-
turing his skull. He will probably die.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-08-08

HAWARDEN, lOWA-Renzo Cunning
ham, an orphan, formerly living here. Is
reported drowned in the Philippines, where
he went year ago as a soldier in the
Tenth infantry
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-08-08

WlLMOT, S. D.-A discussion as to the
respective merits of South Dakota and
Minnesota as agricultural states has re-
suited in Peter Dinger being bound over
The discussion led to fistcuffs. Dinger so
pummeled another of the participants that
he was arrested.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-08-08

Journal Excursion to TayIors Falls
Tuesday, Aug II.
The Journal offers a limited number an
opportunity to visit Interstate Park and
the Dalles Of st. Croix next Tuesday. Get
your tickets early $1:25 for the entire
trip of 120 miles by rail and steamer.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-08-08

who shot and killed his daughter, Mrs.
Patrick Leyden, and wounded her husband
and who was struck over the, head with
a pitchfork in the hands of Leyden, died
in fail. - .-.4EErJ-.2= IL = 80. 'Es
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-08-08

been sued for s5,4s6 damages by Joseph
Shulkin, because Beall seized his refresh
ment stand and his watch and money the
last day of the carnival without due proc
ess of law, asserting he had not paid for
his privileges.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-08-08

: YANkTON, S. D.-The county commits
s1oners will on Aug. 10 open bids for the
purchase Of bonds to the amount of $780,
600 which are to be issued by Yankton
county. "
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-08-08

BILLINGS, MONT.-Woolgrower are
holding secret sessions with a view to
forming an organization to fight the de-
mands of the shearers for increased
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-08-08

WAUkoN, loWA.-The 9-year-old son
of John G. Johnson of this place and Mar
tin Ryan of Union Pairie township were
drowned.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-08-08

carey's Magnesla Cement roofing,
The most durable, economical and prac-
tical hre-proof roofing made w. s. Mott
Company. Both phones 376
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-08-08

: GRAND RAPIDS, WIs.-George Tay-
lor arrived from Wyoming with 1000 meri-
no sheep which he will place on q 8, 1900
acre tract Of land which he recently pur-
chased near this city.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-08-08
WEBsTER's CHIEF ExoNERATED
Little, Believed to Be Burglar, Firs
Tried to Shoot Him.

Tried to Shoot Him.
WEBSTER, s. DIN the matter Of the
killing Of James Little, by Chief of Po-
lice Frank Gruby, the verdict of the jury
completely exonerated the chief
TWO men were found by the officer late
at night under suspicious circumstances
near the Touring mills. Little drew re-
volver on the officer, who closed with him
and succeeded in getting the gun, throw
Ing it a short distance away. A horse
trader named George Keeler then struck
the chief on the head with a blunt in
strument, laying open his scalp but not
stunning him. ...
Gruby then turned to Keeler, who had
also drawn pistol which was knocked
out OF his hand by the officers club Lit
tie ran to where his gun had been thrown
and picked it up, whereupon the officer
fired, killing him instantly. When discov-
cred by others Little had the weapon
clutched in his hand. Chief Gruby then
lodged Keller in jail, where he will be
bound over to the circuit court. ... -.
Upon the body of Little, who halls from
st. Louis, was found burglars outfit
consisting of skeleton keys, drills, ETC.
Chief Gruby made remarkably neryy
fight, the man killed without doubt being
bent On crime. 5-g.s, - :,
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-08-08

MANkATo, NINA young man sup
posed to be A. Otto, who came to the
city from Chicago with a party Of labor
ers, was killed near Good Thunder while
lying asleep on the track.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-08-08

+ S1SSETON, s. D.-For some time GUS
taV Lundblood,. a merchant, has been the
victim of a mysterious robber. While
clearing out some goods from beneath a
counter the merchant discovered a mouses
nest which had been constructed with the
missing greenbacks.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-08-08

n. our ors.EaKe MIHH6SoHkdy ~ WeHts'
That's all it costs to go to Minnetonka
and back, with a tour ofsthe lake included
Get tickets via the Chicago, Milwaukee
& st. Paul Railway. Office, 32S Nicollet
avenue, and Milwaukee station.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-08-08

sHAkoPEE,z MINIS hakopee, will
hold it's seventh annual street fair and
carnival on Sept "a, Is and. g..
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-08-08
APPEHI1E'S POOR !!

A sure sign that the stomach is out of
order, the bowels are constipated and the
liver inactive. You cannot enjoy your
food as long as this condition prevails,
and unless it is remedied at once you re
going to be seriously i'll. A few doses at
Hostetter's Stomach Bitters will make a
great improvement in your condition. It
will make the stomach healthy, restore
the appetite, and cure heartburn, Indi-
gestion, Dyspepsia and Constipation.
HOSTETTER'S
STO MACH BITTERS.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-08-08
DUG UNDER THE FOUNDATION
Peterson, Who Escaped, Probably Had
Outside Confederate

Outside Confederate.
SIOUX CITY, IOWA-Word was re-
ceived here yesterday that Peter Peterson,
who was arrested in Sioux City last week,
suspected Of theft of tobacco had es-
capped from the Hudson jail by digging
under the stone foundation. It is thought
he had an accom- plice on the outside.
The troubles which came to A. B. Beall
as result of bringing the Jabour circus
to Sioux City are multiplying. He has
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-08-08

HASTINGS, 4MINN.-John w. Steel,
former resident Of this city, died at the
soldiers home in Minneapolis, aged II
years. He was a sclassmate of ex-Presi-
dent Harrison. He practiced law in Him
=ois and Ohio, and also engaged in news
paper work.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-08-08

ROCK RAPIDS, IOWA-A wreck &C.
CURED at the crossing Of the Rock Island
and Omaha railroads. One engine went
down twelve-foot embanknent, several
cars were smashed and the track torn up
for about 100 feet.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-08-08

DEADWOOD, S. D.-The commission
ers of Lawrence county met this week for
the purpose Of considering the matter of
taking up the outstanding 1888 bonds. 1t
was decided to advertise for bids for $40
600 worth Of refunding bonds There are
still outstanding Of this issue s41.50O.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-08-08
Tour Of Lake MInnetonka, 90 Cents.

BELLE PLAiNE, MIMI. - James
O'Brien, an old settlersdied from old age.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-08-08
H..,+b At small Cost.

A few doses Of DR.. Kings New Life
Pills will clense, tone and invigorate the
whole system. Try them. Only ESQ.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-08-08

LAKE MILLS, WIS.-Rev. w. A. Shaw
who has accepted a call to a Milwaukee
church, was struck in the eye by a base
ball yesterday and badly hurt.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-08-08

NoRTHFIEED, MINN.-A $40, 900 brick
block is to be built by Contractor D. H.
Lord for the Minneapolis Brewing COM
pany. The main floor will be occupied
by Benin & Lentz. The basement will be
modelled for a barber shop. The second
floor will be fitted for offices or living
rooms,
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-08-08

HURON, s. D.-A. s.. Bloodgood and
wife, accompanied by John Newcomer,
have gone to Santa Anna, Cal. to reside
with their daughter, Mrs. E. r. Langley.
They will be joined later by Will New
conner and wife. Mr. and Mrs. Bloodgood
were among the first to locate In Huron.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-08-08

cENTERvILLE, S. D.-Judge. Smith Of
Yankton granted the petition enioining
the board Of education and contractors
from proceeding with the construction of
the proposed new school building The
lumber is already on the ground A com
promise will undoubtedly be made and
the building erected.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-08-08

VERMlLllON, S. D.-The city school
BOARD has signed contracts for heating and
vent1lating the central and east school
buildings, Erick Nylen of this city Sc
cures the contract: for building the ven
tilating fue and the Hawkins Hardware
company will supply the furnaces, six in
all.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-08-08
OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES

BemidJl Would Have Company OF the
National Guard.
BEMIDJI, MINN.-Bemidjis independ-
ent military company held a meeting last
night and signed a petition asking Gov
ernor Van SAINT to make it regular or
ganization Of the national guard, and that
he commission the present officers, as fol-
lows:
first lieutenant; S. c.. Bailey, second lieu
tenant. The company has full member
ship. The governor has promised to do
what he can towards getting Bemidji into
the state militia.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-08-08

CHIPPEWA FALLS, WIs.-William
Brown, aged SO years, died yesterday. l..
w. Brown of Minneapolis is a grandson.
The Chanute times. [volume] (Chanute, Kan.) 1897-1913, 1903-12-04
Foot Ball S atistics

Chicago. Nov 3o.-Tne Chicago
Tribune says today that min eteen
lives were lost on the football field
in the season Of 1913. One boy
was made insane by injuries. Thir
teen players were injured danger
ously. Some were disabled for
life. The number of minor acci-
dents goes into the hundreds, and
4he list of the badly injured neces
,arily is incomplete.
The feature of the years. tabula
tion is that ilshows that dangerous
accidents were almost wholly con
fined to unframed players. No
member of any of the first class
elevens was killed or permanently
disabled. One Yale player and one
Harvard player each 81 tfered a
broken leg. No player in any OF
the teams of the "Big Mines" IN the
West was the victim of any injury
worse than a wrenched shoulder, a
bruised head, a sprained knee or a
turned ankle.
In consequence of injuries to
their players, several of the minor
schools have forbidden the game.
Columbus Junction, Pa, and
Greenfield, o., stopped the sport
as the result of peutions circulated
by parents.
The Chanute times. [volume] (Chanute, Kan.) 1897-1913, 1903-12-04
Our First Snow

Monday Afternoon, after cloudy
day, the white flakes began to slit
gently down and continued through
the early evening till the ground was
white. Tuesday morning the ground
locked quite wintry but before night
she bright sun had melted 1t and all
traces of winter were gone, save a
healthy spring like crspness IN the
air.
The Chanute times. [volume] (Chanute, Kan.) 1897-1913, 1903-12-04
leland'S Aspirations.

Cyrus Leland says he does not
want to be tension commissioner
The only office he wants is repre-
sentative from Doniphan Co.
After all an office is about WI al a
man makes it. Cy has the reputa-
ton of making the place of Repre-
sentative little bigger tnan the
governorship. And we must say we
admire the genius of the man who
can manipulate Legislature as does
an expert chessman the figures on
the board.
The Chanute times. [volume] (Chanute, Kan.) 1897-1913, 1903-12-04
Often The Kidneys Are
Weakened by OVer-WOrk.

Unhealthy Kidneys Make Impure Blood.
1t used to be considered that only
urinary and bladder troubles were to be
The Chanute times. [volume] (Chanute, Kan.) 1897-1913, 1903-12-04

companionships they make, the sell
fish disregard of the wishes of the
law abiding citizens who desire and
have a right under the law, to
quiet Sabbath, is to the perpetrat-
ors an immense disadvantage IN
every way and will react in man
ner all too disastrous.
l understand that our city offici-
ais have no jurisdiction or authority
in this matter; then ought not our
county officials to be appealed tor
Is there not enough public senti-
ment in Chanute to stop this phase
of profaning the Sabbath day2 A
little legal as we'll as moral suasion
might be wholesome.
Could not our daily papers dis
courage it by giving less or no
space to the publication of these
ungodiy breaches Of the peace.
At any rate let it be understood
that Gods word standeth sure, and
no nation, comm unity or individual
has ever in the long centuries of
history been strong enough to with
stand the blighting curse of unright
eousness; and also be it known that
unrignteousness follows quickly on
the heels of disregard of Gods laws
which the keeping of the "Sabbath
day holy" is one.
The Chanute times. [volume] (Chanute, Kan.) 1897-1913, 1903-12-04

want to buy your farm or make
YOU q loan E p. Burris, City
hall block
The Chanute times. [volume] (Chanute, Kan.) 1897-1913, 1903-12-04

Farm Loans, Annual Interest, no
Commss on Mortgage, no Cash
Commission, Correspondence In
vited.
The Chanute times. [volume] (Chanute, Kan.) 1897-1913, 1903-12-04
BristoW's S Report

The long looked for report of 4th
Assistant Post Master General,
Bristow, has been handed into the
President. 1t Is a voluminous arti-
Gle and deals plainly and squarely
with the. defrauding officers who
have for years been defrauding The
people of large sums of money by
collusicn with contractors and sup
ply men. 1t develops that thou
sands of dollars have been spent
each year for many years for use
less appliances and supplies of var
ious kinds.
-Four high officials of the P. O..
department have resigned since the
investigation began and Is EN-
ployes nave been removed while a.
indictments have been found and
the end is not yet.
MI Bristow has gone into this
investigation with his usual fearless
ness and determination and is de-
serving of the thanks of the Ameri
can people for the results he has
attained. He recommends some
very practical and needed changes
in the manner of dong business
which will doubtless be adopted.
The Chanute times. [volume] (Chanute, Kan.) 1897-1913, 1903-12-04
Dreyfus AGAIN

The great Dreyfus case that so
agitsted the French people, few
years ago, is about to be revived.
1t has generally been believed IA
this country that this man Dreyfus
was greatly wronged and that jus
uce should be given him by his
countrymen.
The Chanute times. [volume] (Chanute, Kan.) 1897-1913, 1903-12-04

traced to the kidneys,
but now modern
science proves that
nearly all diseases
have their beginning
i'll the disorder OF
these most important
organs.
The kidneys filter
and purify the blood
that is their work.
The Chanute times. [volume] (Chanute, Kan.) 1897-1913, 1903-12-04

Therefore, when your kidneys are weak
or out of order, you can understand how
quickly your entire body is affected and
how every organ seems to fail to do Its
duty.
If you are sick or feel badly begin
taking the great kidney remedy, DR..
Kilmer's Swamp-Root, because as soon
as your kidneys are well they will help
all the other organs to health. A trial
will convince anyone.
If YOU are sick you can make no mis-
take by first doctoring your kidneys:
The mild and the extraordinary effect OF
DIR. Kilmer's Swamp-Root, the great
kidney remedy, is soon realized. 1t
stands the highest for its wonderful cures
of the most distressing cases, and is sold
Oh its merits by all E-t--
druggists in fifty-cent q ;sssS9 sssSS99
and one-dollar size - It'd s:t Z -
bottles. Yo1 may Ill lsLs=s@ L.l:=zssSs4@
have a sample bottle Home Of swampROOt.
by mail free, also pamphlet telling you
how to find out if you have kidney or
bladder trouble. Mention this paper
when writing to DR.. Kilmer & Co., Bing-
hanton, n. Y. Don't make any mistake,
but remember the name, Swa1np-Root,
DR.. Kilmer's Swamp-Root, and the adj
dress, Binghamton, N. ", on every bottle.
The Chanute times. [volume] (Chanute, Kan.) 1897-1913, 1903-12-04
w. A. Afford,
Erie, Kansas
You Know What You Are Taking

Tonic because the formula is plainly
printed on every bottle showing that
1t is simply Iron and Quinine In
Casteless form. M cure-nn pay. Soc.
The Chanute times. [volume] (Chanute, Kan.) 1897-1913, 1903-12-04
RELIABLE JEWELRY

Our superb array OF Jewelry and
Watches makes selection easy. Every
thing is in perfect taste. and every
thing NAV he perfectly relied upon.
We sell nothing we don't know all
about, and we tell you everything we
know about evervthing Sou ask 70 see.
TONKLIN. the Jeweler
The daily journal. (Salem, Or.) 1899-1903, 1903-01-16
MERE MEN.

Premier Arthur Bafour has never
been popular hero In England, hHV-
Ing the arisiocratic temperament.
Captain William H. Brownson, the
new superintendent Of the Naval acad-
emy nc Annapolis, will relieve Com
mandpr Wainwright on Nov l.
Former Governor Alexander Ramsey
Of St Paul. the ouiy liSng war gov
eruor, recently celebrated the eighty
seventh anniversary or his birth.
David Crosby Foster. president Of
the Poughkccpsle (N - Savings bank,
Is believed to be the oldest active bank
president IN the country, being ninety
three years Of age.
Luigi Arditi, famous MS the conduct
or Of the Mapleson seasons when Ade-
line Patti was the bright particular
star, Is eighty years of age and Is about
10 celebrate his golden wedding.
Judge John IL. Reagan, the surviving
member of jefferson Davis Confeder-
ate cabinet, recently sat FOR n portrait
TO be painted and placed In the Confed.
crate Museum OF History at Richmond
Va.
Vlscount Kitchener's new peerage Il
granted with very unusual remain
der. II goes first TO his male children
next to his female children and In de
fault of both to his two brothers In
succession.
Sllas w. Bond Of Iowa Falls has cast
his ballot for eighteen presidential can
dldates, a record held by comparative
ly few men. Mr. Bonds first vote was
In Wayne county, Ind, In 1892, when
he voted for Henry Clay.
Professor Wilder OF Cornell uniyer-
slty museum Is collector OF human
brains. On the shelves OF the museum
are many brains OF criminals. while In
his private laboratory are the brains OF
many college professors and eminent
scientists who have willed their brains
10 his collection.
When Admiral Rodgers was In Japa-
nese waters lately, he entertained Hi
raj Sukekichi, a poor fisherman, who
was OF service TO Commodore Perry on
the latter's visit which opened Japan
to the world. Hlrai ls now ninety years
old aud on his visit to Admiral Rodgers
was accompa nled by his son, grandson
and great-grandsOn.
The daily journal. (Salem, Or.) 1899-1903, 1903-01-16

he period represented in the report
here has been paid of $4,000 Of the
districts indebtedness. The total in.
lebtedness of the district at this
line is $4S,55O, and is made up of the
'ollowing items: 2O-year 6 per cent
bonds, issued 1890, $4,000; 2O-year 6
Der cent bonds, issued 1891, $14,650,
and balance of popular loan of 1900,
}15,9OO
Continuing the report says: "It is
our earnest desire to continue the pay.
ment of these notes. for it will not be
many years until the district will be
compelled to build where the Central
school now. stands. We wish to call
your attention to the fact that the
popular loan of $4,000 has been re.
iuced to s15, 300"
The directors expect TO receive $16,-
700 from 7.mill tax levy, $4,000 from
the county fund and $4,000 from tn
state school fund It is estimated that
a 1-mill tax for the Indebtedness fund
will raise $25OO, and It is claimed that
the receipts from these sources will
enable the district to reduce the popu.
lar loar to $13,4OO by this time next
year
The district carries insurance on
furnitures and fixtures ag-
$50 200 as follows: