The Hood River glacier. (Hood River, Or.) 1889-1933, 1903-11-05
NATIVE PLATINUM.
The "NObIe" Metals Extracted FrOn
This Peculiar Substance.

The "NObIe" Metals Extracted From
This Peculiar Substance.
On the slopes of the Ural mountains
and in Brazil, California, Australia,
Canada and many other countries pc
cuIiar substance known as native plat1-
nun Is found. This Is an alloy of the
metals platinum, palladium, iridium,
osmium, rhodium and ruthenium, to-
gether with a little gold and iron. All
of these except the last mentioned are
the mobile" metals. They do not tar
nish in the air and are not soluble in
any single acid. The most plentiful
metal occurring in native platinum Is
that from which 1t takes Its name.
This metal is of grayish color and
with one exception is the heaviest sub
stance known, Its fusing point is ex
tremely high, and this property, To-
gether with its freedom from tarnish-
ing, causes it to be largely used for the
manufacture of crucibles and other
vessels required by scientists TO stand
very high temperature. 1t is also
sometimes used as a substitute for gold
in photography, and when deposited In
a thin film on the interior Of the tubes
of telescopes 1t forms dead black
surface, which prevents the light from
being reflected by the polished sides.
Palladium is Of a lustrous white
color. 1t is the most easily fused Of
the metals found in platinum ore, and
can even be volatilized. A curious
quality which this metal possesses is
that when heated to redness It is
porous to hydrogen gas, allowing 1t to
pass through somewhat in the same
manner that blotting paper permits the
passage of water. The silvery white
color of palladium and Its freedom
from furnishing render it useful for
making scales and division marks on
scientific instruments. A mixture OF
this metal with mercury Is sometimes
used for filling teeth. Osmium is
metal which possesses two remarkable
properties-it is the most refractory
of the metals, resisting fusion at the
most intense heat, and 1t is also the
heaviest substance known, being twen-
ty-two and a half times heavier than
water Together with iridium, 1t Oc-
ours principally in a peculiar variety Of
native platinum called osmiridium.
This mineral differs from ordinary
platinum ore in that 1t contains
larger proportion of osmium and irid-
ium than platinum. Osmlridium is
found In small particles, varying in
weight from one-sixth to one-third Of
q grain. These particles are extremely
hard and are used for pointing non
wearing pens.
Metallic iridium possesses a white
steel-like appearance. The knife edges
Of delicate balances and other bearings
which require extreme hardness are
often made of it. An alloy of 10 per
cent iridium and 80 per cent platinum
has been found to be very little affected
In volume by changes of temperature
and is the substance Of which the
standard meter kept in the information.
al metric bureau at Paris is made.
Rhodium and ruthenium are metals of
little practical use. The former occurs
In platinum ore to the extent of 8 to 9
per cent. The latter is found only in
and averages about per
cent of that mineral. The metal which
ranks next to platinum In price is cir.
conium, which occurs in hyaclnth and
some other rare minerals. Uranium is
for its high atomic weight
.ka hen vinst known wn-Chambers Jour.