davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1903-04-23
{ Refcrest Nebraska sand.HiIls.

The task of growing valuable forests
on the barren sand-hills of Nebraska
will begin this spring. when the
Bureau of Forestry will seed about
100 acres of the Dismal River Forest
Reserve near Halsey with Red Cedar
and Jack Pine. If the seeding sue
ceeds and is done with economy, the
bureau will seed and plant the follow.
ing year probably 1000 acres in cedar
and pines and will ultimately extend
the forest by gradual paintings over
a large part of the 20S,O00 acres in
the Dismal River and Niobrara re-
serves. A nursery has been estab.
lished at Halsey, in the valley of the
Middle Loup River. with a half-acre
seed bed protected by laths. A tool
house and Office building have been
built. Nearly 600 pounds of seed,
principally Western Yellow Pine, Red
Cedar and Jack Pine, has been col.
lected for planting in the spring. The
sand-hills are unfit for agriculture. II
large forests can be grown on them,
the timber will be of very great value
to country now without trees, where
lumber brings high prices. The at
tempt of the bureau has every chance
of success.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1903-04-23
Old and Young Bulls.

Charles l.. Hill says: An excellent
plan is to buy an old bull, if still Wig
orous, and only in this way can you
know what kind of sire you may
have. Many of the best sires OF all the
breeds have gone to the shambles long
before their usefulness was known. In
the selection of a bull for his indiyid-
uality, the first thing would want
would be masculinity. This is not
necessarily shown by his being coarse
or having big head, but by his reso-
lutte, sturdy, commanding appearance.
This has nothing to do with his being
cross, for this is largely education. or,
rather, the lack of it. He wants to
show that he has energy to spare.
Then l want him to have good mus.
Gle, showing good appetite. and then a
large barrel, showing good digestive
capacity. For use in a grade herd,
never mind if his great barrel has
caused his back to sag little.
Nearly the same words will apply t.
the selection of young bull. Let him
be active. robust, intelligent looking
and showing large capacity. II you
wish his daughters to have good
shaped udders and good sized teats
see that his dam has such an udder
and that the bull himself has good
sized, squarely placed rudimentary
teats. Let him be thin in the thighs
and show no tendency to beefiness at
any place. In fact, let him be all thai
is different from a beef sire.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1903-04-23
Barren Corn Stalks.

It is we'll known fact that con-
siderable number OF barren stalks.
i. e., stalks which bear no ears, are
to be found in all corn fields. By a
series of counts made in several Sec
tons of the state last year, the Ex-
pertinent Station found that the num-
Der of barren stalks was surprising
ly large. Perhaps the most important
cause for this condition is the kind
of seed. It is surnised that baroness
is hereditary, and that by planting
seed which has been fortified by
pollen produced from barren stalks.
the number of such stalks is in
creased. The Experiment Station
found the per cent Of barren stalks
was greatly reduced, by removing
barren stalks from the field before
they produced pollen so that the ears
we're fortified by pollen from onlv
fertile stalks. AS barren stalks use
large amounts of soil fertility and in.
terfere with the growth of the plants
producing ears. such stalks are the
cause of considerable loss to the
farmer. There is little doubt that IL
the fertility which is used by the
barren stalks was saved for the use
of the healthy stalks, the average
yield per acre would be considerably
d. shamel.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1903-04-23
Trimming Up Wild Trees.

Groups OF trees near the house are
frequently by reason of old brush,
accumulations Of dead leaves and
noxious weeds growing under and
around them. Often the underbrush is
OF such a character that it greatly
detracts from the appearance of the
Surroundings. Such dumps of trees
may be made truly beautiful by clean.
ing UP the rubbish, moving the weeds,
cutting away the dead wood and re-
moving the most unsightly of the I'm.
derbrush. A little trimming of the
tops of the trees will improve matters.
1t is possible in this way ito mend
nature" When beauty is desired,
some trees must be cut out when they
grow so densely that lateral develop
ment is checked.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1903-04-23
To Get Early Chicks.

From Farmers Review: In order
to get early chickens it is necessary
to have the breeding stock in good
healthy condition when put into VIII
ter quarters, and in order to Keep
them in good health do not think 1T
is necessary to keep them housed ev'
cry day rain or shine. Let them nave
their liberty when the weather is not
too cold, as a laying hen must have
exercise. They pick up hundreds of
seeds and bits of grass that their ap-
petite Graves. Fowls are like people;
they do not all care for one or two
articles of food, but a variety, and,
when allowed their liberty, they eat
only such as they like best. When
housed continually. they are very apt
to become too fat to lay we'll, and the
eggs of those that do lay will not be
as fertile. Low fertility always means
weak chicks. When your laying stock
can have free range, do not think it is
necessary to feed mashes of any kind.
1t is much better and more after ma
ture to eat their food dry. Keep some
kind Of hard, rough grit before the
fowls all the time; it is surprising to
see how much they will eat. They
must have something of this kind with
which to grind their food. 1t all means
health. Now as to raising the little
chicks. Their food must be variety,
the same as for the old fowls, as it is
too early in the season for them to be
out of doors except on bright sunny
days. Follow nature as nearly as pos
sible. Keep them scratching in some
kind of litter and feed all grain and
seeds dry. Avoid wet, sloppy food by
all means; they are injurious. When
brooders are used, start them with a
temperature of 80 or 95 under the
hover, and gradually reduce the heat
to so when the chicks are about three
weeks old. Give plenty of fine grit
and do not put over fifty in a brooder
even should it be rated at 200 capac-
ity. When over fifty are placed to-
gether they are very apt to pile up
at night and smother. Keep all brood
ers, brood coops and houses clean; the
time required to do this is we'll spent.
-Chas. G. Arnold, De Kalb County,
Illinois.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1903-04-23
New York State as a Road Builder.
OF success

New York State as a Road Builder.
The last legislature of the state of
New York amended its road law so
that now the state is to pay half Of
the expenses of improving roads
where the cash tax system is used.
There is limit, however, to the
amount of roads any one community
can build, that limit being fixed at
one-tenth Of one per cent Of the tax.
able property of the town. That it in
tends to pay is evidenced by the
fact that it appropriated 100000 for
the purpose Of possible payments
under this act. 1t is said that this
cooperation Of the state with the
towns is meeting with great favor in
the rural communities. II the law il
as reported, 1t is likely to be far
reaching in its effects on the taxable
property. Each community will want
to get as much IS possible from the
state. and this will have tendency
to make the assessors list property 1t
it's true value instead OF far below It.
% 10 now often the case.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1903-04-23
In Favor of the silo.

From Farmers Review: The sllo
question is now on the minds OF most
dairymen who read and study. WIN
those who have tried it. 1t IS no ex'
pertinent; it is a great success. we
put our crops in the silos, with the
same confidence we have in filling our
corn cribs, and the silo has the al
vantage of the corn crib, IN that II
keeps the corn in better condltlon 10
feed; no matter what your corn Is
worth in the crib to feed, 1t Is worth
more in the silo for the reason that
grinding or losses are necessary to
iced it from the crib. while in the slio
it is as good as husked, ground,
cooked and placed at the north end
Of the manger, at the same operation.
The question is no longer, will silo
pay me, but what kind of silo shall
build" and to these l would say,
build a round, stave silo, OF 2X4s
spiked together edgeways, and bound
by round iron hoops, the sections OF
which meet at AXIS set in the silo
wall, all built Of good sound lumber,
well tarred before set up, and rooted
over. The silo is what is going to
help the modern dairyman and feeder
to compete with the increased value
of land, cost Of help, feeds, etc. The
silo helps to settle the labor problem
on the farm, and the fertility problem.
By use Of the silo we get twice the
feed from the land or an equal amount
from one-half the land and put back
twice as much manure, by producing
as much from half the land, we give
the young men chance to do the
same on the other half, and stay with
us, then at harvest and silo filling,
shredding and, ETC., help each other,
solving the labor problem.-F. NJ. Par
SONS, Des Moines County, Iowa.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1903-04-23
Notes on Vegetable Gardening.


Every vegetable gardener is struck
With the great changes that have
come over the business of vegetable
growing in generation. The com.
mercial vegetable grower a genera
ton ago could make money out Of
his enterprise in growing vegetables
under glass. His prices were high
and his profits satisfactory. That
was before the South had developed
INTO a great vegetable garden to sup
ply all the North with garden vegeta-
bles. To-day the vegetable grower in
the North finds it difficult to get
ahead OF the season. He must there.
fore depend on growing frst-class
vegetables and getting them to mar.
ket in a crisper, fresher condition
than does his southern competitor
IN this he is frequently very success
full.
In the past little attention wa.
paid to the supply of humus in the
soil. In fact, little was known about
this most valuable factor in the gar.
den soil. The scientists knew about
1T, but even they did not give it it's
real due. Had they known it, the
growers of vegetables would not in
SO many cases have about ruined
their soil by using nothing but com.
mercial fertilizers upon it. Later,
when the soil had failed to respond,
they were told by the experimenters
that the constant growing of vegeta.
Dies by the use of commercial fer.
tlllzers alone had resulted in using
up the humus or decayed vegetable
matter in the soil, and that they
must restore it at every cost. Our
gardeners know enough to use barn
yard manure with the commercial
Fertilizers Or to turn under green
crops to keep up the supply of humus,
Inc present gardener has this to his
crelt over the gardener of past
times, in that he is not deterioratins
the soil that is giving him living.
The preaent gardener, if he is in
telllgent and successful, has learned
that 1t pays to get the best seed What.
ever 1t may cost. He has also learned
not to believe every man that offers
to furnish him with seeds. More and
more he is coming to experiment
with his seed and to make sure be.
fore planting that what he is putting
into the ground will terminate. The
old gardener thought that seed was
seed. He had in many cases not yet
learned that every seed had limit as
to its life out of the ground. The
man with old seed to sell sold him
the old seed at the price Of new and
he took and cheerfully planted it,
with the result. often, that he got no
harvest at all. A complete loss of
his crop was looked upon as one of
the mysterious workings of Nature.
The new gardener has learned bet.
ter. He has determined definitely
that next to good land, good seed is
essentia! to success in his operations
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1903-04-23
In Corn BREEDING.

Below are some of the rules adov,
ed by the Illinois Corn Breeders:
1. Selection of seed ears.
(a) Every ear of corn to be cousid.
cred as possible seed ear for the
breeding plot must be selected in the
field and with special reference to|
the character of the individual corn
plant upon which it is produced
CD Every ear which is ultimately
selected for the breeding plot must
conform as nearly as possible in apl
pearance and physical measurement
to definite and desirable standards.
(c) II the seed corn is selected bA|
mechanical examination only OF sec.|
lions Of kernels for Improvement in|
composition, the efficiency OF the sci
lection shall be determined by lhe|
chemical analysis of at least two COM
posite samples, of which one sample
shall represent all selected ears Whlc1]]
are planted in the breeding plot. ana
the other sample shall represent al
ears which are rejected by the mel
chanical examination.
(d) If the seed corn is selected "
chemical analysis for Improvement II
composition, the composition must y
determined of each individual seea
ear. which is planted in the breeaih1
plot.
2. The Breeding Plot.
(a) The breeding plot shali e'l1
tain at least 25 rows OF corn "A'V
are at least 100 hills long j
CD Each separate row OF corn I.
the breeding plot shall be pisA's
with a separate individual ear
(c) All rows which show as Oh
whole marked inferiority ana asso
ery individual corn plant which ma
show marked inferiority, IN ~nals,J
row it may be found, shall be cafe ~,
w detasseled before the polleh ~'
lures. $ ooc
(d) The performance record Oh , eas
individual field row shall Dc u''
mined and this shall INCLUDE al
curate determination OF 'he Nv M
weight of ear corn which 'ne
nrOduceS.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1903-04-23
Turnips as Humus Makers.

From Farmers Review: We arr
not able to ascribe to the COW horn
turnip any special advantages for hu.
mus restoration. It may possess
these, but we find no confirmatory
evidence. OF course, no member of
the turnip family is able to return to
the soil any more nitrogen than it
takes away. However, all such crops
restore organic matter to the soil.
and the COW horn t,irnip, being deem
rooted, might be particularly valua.
BILE, in addition for purposes of aera.
tion-mellowing the soil. All such
crops, as green manures. must be
used with discretion. since the fer.
mentation might be rapid and acidit,
result-B. M. Duggar. University OF
Missouri.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1903-04-23
RGRTCULTVRE)
y ~
hSAa,5 t5:*l= s ASaa
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Growing Macaroni Wheat.

Regarding the advantages from the
growing of macaroni wheats, gov
eminent bulletin says: Although
these wheats are considered to be OF
value chiefly for making macaronl,
the idea that they do not make good
bread is quite erroneous. A very
large amount of nlacaroIi wheat is
annually employed in Russia, france
Italy, Spain, Greece aad other Medlt-
erranean regions for making bread.
which is considered to be OF excel
lent quality; and the French espe-
cially ought to be good critics in this
matter, for they are the greatest
bread-eating people il the world. a
small per cent Of softer wheat is
usually mixed with the macaroni
wheat before grinding, however. The
thorough establishment OF this new
wheat industry will be of the great
est benefit to agriculture in the semi
arid plains. A million or more or
acres can thIs be given to profitable
wheat raising which on account OF
drought have heretofore either been
entirely idle or less probably en-
ployed. In a few years time the re-
suit ought to be an addition OF thlr'
ty to fifty million bushels to the an
nual wheat production of the Great
Plains alone. The agricultural area
will be extended much farther west
ward and the necessity OF irrigation
will thereby be diminished CORE
spondingly. 1t will be advisable IN
all localities where these wheats nave
not previously been grown not to SOW
Very large amount the first year,
and to SOW TWO OR more OF the best
recommended varieties if possible.
For spring sowing seed should be OBJ
tanned that was grown pretty we'll
north. The resulting crop is thus
likely to ripen earlier and produce
grain of better quality. In this coun-
try there are but three varieties that
can be drawn upon extensively for
seed These are the Nicaragua in
Texas and the ArEautSa and Wild
Goose in the Dakotas. Other excel
lent varieties are being grown by the
experiment stations but on an ex-
detrimental scale. OF these three va
rieties, Arnautlia is likely to be the
best.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1903-04-23
syIlx{E|zZ|b!!Iax
$S5i:|;iaByI.

cottonseed Meal in the pio n,.:
A bulletin of the Oklahoma s,a.
says: Protein. the nitrogenonS se aa
of the feed, is the most importan, pot pss
stituent in it. Many of the coms soa'
feeds on the farm, as corn. kaf,r 4 aaN
etc., do not contain this ingrediss s.'a
sufficient amount for the best rasu. ~
in feeding. A feed is generally rs,u
able in proportion to the amonn ,s'u.
protein it contains. Cottouseea W.. y.
is one of the very richest feeds in I as
TEN and it is a very cheap sourca NV y.
this valuable food ingredient, In ~.
tie feeding, cottonseed meal is usas
quite extensively and with the hos .seu
suits where certain precautions ara ~
lowed. 1t has been used only to , iu'
tied extent in pig feeding. as fsfs, NV ~
suits have followed as a rule in ~.
general way of feeding it. After fe .us
ing on it from four to six weeks wv
pigs would commence dying, and tS; s
has usually been the case when o ,z,s
very small amounts of the co,1o,sass
meal have been fed along with o,ess
grain. The writer has found m;,
ture OF 1-5 cottonseed meal and -:
corn or Kafr meal to give mos d,
cellent results when fed to pigs. and
with very few exceptions no pigs hsys
died, If the cottonseed meal was M.
continued longer than four week,
Later experiments at this station indt
cate that there are several condition.
under which pigs may be fed SINAI,
amount of cottonseed meal with o,he,
grain for an indefinite time withou, in.
juring the pigs in any way, and good
gains obtained with small amour, NJ
grain. One of the conditions is wbers
the shoats have access to plenty Of
range and greenfield Again, if tha
cottonseed meal is dropped after feed.
ing three or four weeks and after a
lapse OF two or three weeks addad 10
the feed again for three or four Weeks
and dropped again for few weeks
and so on until the pigs are grown or
fattened, good gains will be obtained
with practically no loss OF pigs.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1903-04-23
Maxine and unmakinq Soil.

On the steep hillsides the roots of
trees, plants and shrubs form per-
feet network, binding and holding the
soil and preventing it, in a great
measure, from being washed down
by the rains and melting SHOWS into
the valleys and rivers below, says
c. P. Goodrich. Even these steep
hillsides are often kept very rich in
thus having an abundance of humus in
them and producing heavy growth
of timber and other vegetation. On
the prairies, although there are no
trees, there are in the state of nature
innumerable Shrubs and plants that
send their tap roots down deep into
the soil and perform the same work
that trees do in timber land, The
prairie grass has an almost solid
mass of tough roots, so tough that it
takes four or more strong horses
and very sharp piow to break it
up. This sod and roots also hold the
soil on the hillsides, and often these
hillsides on the prairie are rich in
available plant food and have as
much humus, and produce as good
crops when first broken up as the
more level prairie. But what has
man done? He has cut off the tim
Der, killed out the shrubs and plants.
and the prairies he has broken up,
sidehills and all. The process OF
making soil has been stopped, and
instead the farmer is raising crops
of grain and taking Off ard selling
the fertility Of his soil as fast as he
can. His soil grows poorer, each
year, if he puts on nothing. The
sidehills give out first. With no
fibrous roots and but little humus.
they are washed and scanned and gull
lied in few years so that it is i'm
possible to plow or cultivate it, and
if it could be cultivated, it would pro-
duce nothing; the available plant
food and humus have gone down into
the creek below, and gone forever,
and left nothing but, perhaps, mass
of stones and gravel; or, it may be,
a mass Of clay, so cut up with water
courses, that no animal less agile
than a dog could go over it.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1903-04-23
Stable Manure on Sugar eeets.

The common teaching is that sugar
beets are injured in quality by stable
manure applied the same season that
the beets are sown. That this is not
true, at least not on certain soils in
New York. is proved in Bulletin No.
2O5 of the Station at Geneva. Tests
were made for four years.-on two
farms in widely separated localities
for one season-with results uniform
ly favoring rather than opposing the
use of the stable manure. The
yields were better than with liberal
applications of commercial fertil-
izers; and the percentage Of sugar
and coehicient Of purity Of the Juice
were higher with the MANFRED beets
than with those without manure or
those receiving commercial fertilizer.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1903-04-23

c. H. Williamson says: In packing
don't face too good; use apples of uni
form size, bright, clean and healthy.
and fill barrel with about the same
kind of apples. Use standard three.
bushel barrel. Shake barrel well an
each basketful is added, and when full
shake down we'll; can hardly shake
too much; then don't press. too much.
After thoroughly shaking down, fruit
should be about one inch above ton
of barrel. Use hammer as little as
possible on the head.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1903-04-23
An Example IN irrigation

According to recent reports
United States consuls in lno'a, 81 !
country now possesses the most =. !
teusive irrigating system IN
world. This is due very larger o,|
the efforts Of the British >, s ~ md
ment. which has spent over sl9Vv'1
900 on such works. The win, ,;or
the Ganges we're put into operation u,
1854. The length of the lrl'sn uol
canals near this river is NJ" TIL lid
than 1000 miles, and more ,sso he'd
100000 acres of land nave nn,i,
brought under the system wv al
the last so years the work Xmas nas a
stantly gone on, till now .ns'e totl
many large systems irrlgatlns 20 h
of over 13,5oo,ooo acres. Ines ood
eating canals have proven d so Wv !
yestment and are returning ~
nual interest of nearly Z per ce ,.nol
part of these systems were p .rau
by Sir Anthony Cotton, m nsm :
engineer Of great ability. in, .e,
in 1885. His object was to COW ". n
India with q system of canals ,1 ~,
irrigation and navigation: -, nav t,o1
Mans been carried out, India Wv
have escaped many of her a w.
famines. Some of these eana asri
now used by the English for nav
ton. It is believed that ui.i
the irrigating ditch Will oan'''
inc from India
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1903-04-23

The tactful man is a success
women because when he sees oas
cotton shirt waist he makes ~ ,
lieve no other woman could oo 1
out appearing commonplace
York Press.