davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1903-06-15

Rev. Charles Garrett, pastor of a Cougrega:
tional Church Of North london, has sued the
proprietor ofthe Christian World for libel.
The paper stated that the Tennessee Uniyer-
sity, (which the plaintiff Is graduate. is a
fake institution and its degrees bogus and
worthless.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1903-06-15

4 OST.-On Thursday evening about two
\ o'clock TWO SQUARE BLOCKS OF
WOOD, covered with wire brushing. Return
to No. 40S Duke street and receive reward.
jel2 81
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1903-06-15
BRIEFLY TOLD.
There Is No Use Leaving
AIexandria--Believe the
Statements of Alex
andria Residents.
Read this statement.
Cannot be eyaded or doubted.
Proof positive from Alexandria people.
Endorsement by residents of Alexandria.

Endorsement by residents of Alexandria.
Robert A. jackson, baker, of SIS Princess
streets, says II knew for years had kidney
complaint and bladder trouble from which
suffered sometimes excruciatingly, but was
at a loss TO know what TO do to even help nv
self when the attacks we're in the acute stage.
let alone stop them. The unnatural condition
of the kidney secretions alone, without the
distress which they caused, was sufficient %
plainly indicate to me that my kidneys re-
quired especial attention, and when there was
added to il nervousness, so that if sat down
for a while was compelled to get up for the
slight assistance this makeshift afforded, |
was often in misery The treatment of Doan's
Kidney Pills, procured at f. S. Leadbeater &
Sons drug store, gradually allayed the in
fammation and finally stopped it. From the
results and undOubted benefit received from
the use of Deans Kidney Pills / am con-
WINGED they are a remedy of great merit"
For sale by all dealers. Price 80 cents n
box. Foster-Milburn Co., Buffalo, n. Y.
sole agents for the United States. Remember
the name Doan's and take no other.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1903-06-15
The Market.

Georgetown. June 15.-Wbeat 75aso.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1903-06-15

CAPE COD CRANBERRIEs received to
day, Jan. 30, 1908, by J. Q, MILBURN.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1903-06-15
LOST.

| OST-On Tuesday afternoon, June o, be-
L tween POS Wilkes street and Seminary
Hill by way Of the Leesburg Pike, a ROUND
NICKEL-PLATED WAITER and CHAT
ING DISH COVER. The finder will be
suitably rewarded by leaving them at this
office. jel2 81
The Birmingham age-herald., 1903-08-12
DRS. DOZIER G. cos MEpICo-suRoicA INSTITUTE, Cor. 1st ave. 6 21st St.
 RMiNoHAM, ALABAMA

A strictly high-class institute for the eoientific treatment of all Chronic. Ner-l vous Blood, Skin Rectal. Female and Genito- Urinary diseases. Deformitieg, Tu- mors, Etif Joints. Cancer, Lupus, Malig-' uant Ulcers, Rheumatism. Tuberculosis and Consumption.
 IIemorrhoids. Varioocele, Hernia and lVenereal diseases of every name nature. form and character are also treated, and c legal guarantee of cure will be given An' every case. e Our equipment consisting of we'll stocked prescription department, x-Ray Violet Ray Static and Galvano-T -TaTadlo apparatus. 6uper-Heated Air. Arc Light Cabinet. Eureka Nebulizer and Ozone ln- lhalation for nose, throat and lungs. and a thoroughly equipped Surgical Depart ment, modern and up-to-dats in every particular. give US a prestige over all Competitors in Alabama in our special line of practice.
 CORRESPONDENCE INVITED. !
 Consultation and examination free
 Terms liberal and condolences held in- violate. Office hours 8 a. m. to p. m. Sundays, 8 a. m. to p. m.
 4 FEW OF MANY ENDORSEMENTS
 FROM THE PRESS.
 The Birmingham Ledger: Drs. Dozicr e Co. are without doubt the best known specialists in the south. and their fame is due entirely to their great skill. <, The Birmingham News: Both Drs. O. q. and Byron Dozier are reliable and ex- perienced physicians and surgeons. wh ; deserve the great success which has been and is theirs. 1 Age-Hera,d: Dr. Dozier's long standing and approved abilities entitle him to tho proud distinction of standing at the head of his professi on.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1903-08-12
RECORD OF COURTS.

The arguments before Judge c. w. Ferguson on the motion to dissolve the injunction against the defendants in the suit of the trustees of the University of Alabama vs F. M. Hogg ct al have been finished and the court now has the mat ter under advisement.
 The injunction restraints MT. Hogg and his associates from cutting timber from certain lands in Jefferson county. The trustees. of the university have raised question as to the title of the lands in question.
 In the Circuit court suit has been filed by A. H. Cooper vs. the Alabama Steel and Wire company in which the plaintiff claims s25OO as damages for an alleged breach of contract.
 The suit of George T. Roberts, adminis- trator for the estate of Waverly Otto Wood vs. the Southern Railway company was filed in the Circuit court yesterday. The plaintiff sues for $5oO0O damages. al- leg.ng that his intestate's death was caused by the wreck of the Southern near Bryan on May 27.
 D. R. Collins of Easonvlile has been employed as a deputy in the office of the clerk of the Criminal court and began his new duties yesterday.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1903-08-12

ones. The checks are never issued until the work they represent has been done.
 As 0 rule the more thrifty miners don't discount their checks.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1903-08-12
REAL EsTATE TRANSFERS.

The following real estate transfers were recorded at the probate office yes- terday:
 E. D. H. Spiva and wife sold to c. A. Stillman the southwest quarter Of the southeast quarter of section l2. township IS, range g. except two lots i'll tho south east corner and also part of the south east quarter of the southeast quarter of section P. township IS, range west. the consideration being $2, 443,S7.
 The Princeton Land company sold to the Rugby Land and Improvere eni con- pany a tract of land at Princst on. the consideration being $44,0O0. This was the deal reported a few days ago. The Princeton company made the conveyance for M-. Nelson.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1903-08-12
YELLOW FEVER IN MONTEREY.
U. s. Marine Hospital Surgeon Or
 dered to Make Investigation.

Laredo, Tex, August 1.-The quaran- tine officials of this city have been ad- vised by many travellers that yellow fever exists in Monterey.
 pr. D. J. Hamilton of the United States Marine hospital service has received or- ders from Washington to proceed to Mon- terey for the purpose of making an in- vestigation.
 A quarantine against Monterey is being talked of here.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1903-08-12
NEGRO INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL.
Many Subscriptions at Meeting Held
 Last Night.

Another meeting of prominent colored citizens was held last night at Payne chapel, M. E. church, for the purpose of soliciting further subscriptions to secure the location in Birmingham of the pro- posed industrial school of the Freedman's Aid and Southern Educational society.
 Amid much enthusiasm the following amounts were subscribed, which are in addition to the sSe5 raised on Monday v,4~
The Birmingham age-herald., 1903-08-12

A meeting of the board of directors of the Birmingham Matinee Club will be held at the rooms of the Commercial Club tomorrow afternoon, August 12. at o'clock Bushes of importance will come before the meeting. and a full atten- dance Is requested c. ExUM,
 President
The Birmingham age-herald., 1903-08-12
Fever Abatlng.

Mexico City. August 1.-The yellow fever is abating in Merida, Yucatan. and fears of an epidemic are diminishing.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1903-08-12
(contInued on Seventh Pase)

Alabama Brswing Co.
 "5ehemian Bssr."
The pioneer press. (Miller, Hand County, S.D.) 1893-190?, 1903-11-12

The following subscribers have
made ractical" calls since last
report: j }. Houdek, ". d.
Lea Ibetter. VI. d. Harris, j. Vi.
Schmidt, +. VI Crater, Ed. Eersh-
man Robt Smith, Z. A. Olsen,
Ralph Craclzlp, j. 6. Strong,
Peter Raney, John O'Brien,
Thos. Hickox, J. a. McLane. D..
7. Hull, Iteuben Carr, Il. T..
Sedan, W. s. Little, Benz. Craw-
ford, Anna koeck, Mrs. NJ. Kane
j NJ. Geiver, +. Seyertsen, G. 4.
Bottum, r. Rold, n. b. OdIe, ".
III. Richards. Il. w. CottrelI. L..
t. Peanock, Il. Louzon, A.
Lacosse, +. r. CardHeg, S. Yo
mans, Benz Scoyille, O. W.
Arlo gast. &. II. Justice:
The pioneer press. (Miller, Hand County, S.D.) 1893-190?, 1903-11-12
Nov. 12t7
4-5-e4---, S.:lUCl;,
stnte Of sonLh Dnkntn. cnnntr 81 Hnn.l.

state OF South Dukota. County OF Hand.
In Circuit Court. 9th. Judicial Circuit
James Cain. plaintin. VS. The unknown
heirs, devisees, lega tees. executor or admins .
traitor, and the creditors OF Gustav Lehman
deceased. and allpersons unknown who nave
or claim to have any estate or interest in or
lien or membranes upon, the premises De.
scribed in the complaint herein. Defendants.
The State OF South DAKOTA. TO the above
named Defendants: You are hereby sum
moned and required to answer the com.
plant OF the plaintiff. which was filed In the
office of the clerk OF this court in Miller In
Hand County, South Dakota. on the 3lst
day OF October. 1903. and which prays for
a Judgment gueting title to aud the de-
termination of all adverse claim against the
premises described In the c0mp.aint, Stu
ate in raid comfy, to-wit: the South West
Quarter Is. w. "a. OF Section Twenty seven
f27), Township One Hundred Sixteen C16D
Range Sixty ak t66), aud C. serve a copy
of your answer 10 said complaint on the
underSlgne at his ofiics in inc City of Red
held, In said state. Within tl ,rty days alter
the mpleted service Of this summons upon
YOU, exclusive of he day of sI;ch service: and
II YOU fal 10 answer said complaint within
that time the plaintiff win Apply to the
Court for the relief demanded in the COM
piaint.
Roy t. Bull,
Attorney for plaintiff, RedheId, South
Dakota.
The pioneer press. (Miller, Hand County, S.D.) 1893-190?, 1903-11-12
Oct. 29t6
Contest Notice.


Department OF the Interior. United States
Land ONCE, Huron, South Dakota, Oct. 26.
1908.
A sufficient contest affidavit having been
filed In this Office by Albert Hern contestant
against Huron series Timber Culture Entry
No. 1908 made August %. 1899. for the
south East quarter section 3. township
116 n. range TO- w. by Caroline Trust,
Contestee, In which it is allegedthat he il
well acquainted with the tract OF land en-
braced in said entry and knows the present
condition OF same. also that the said Caro-
line Trust has wholly failed to plow. cul-
tivate or plant. or cause TO be plOwed. cui.
tiyatcd or planted. To trees, seeds or cut
tings, any portion of said tract during the
3rd, 4th, 9th 9Th, 18th. Sth. and all subse-
quent years after entry; that the said party
has wholly abandoned the said tract for
more than years last past opd that all of
said failures stlll exist fAugust g. 1901
said parties are hereby notified to appear
respond and offer evidence touching said
allegation at ten O'Clock a. m. on December
4, 1903 before the Register and Receiver at
TIE Uuited States Land Office in Huron, -
ID.
That said contestant having in n proper
affidavit, filed Oct. "a 1908, set forth facts
which show that after due diligence person
al service OF this notice cannot be made, Ii IL
hereby ordered and directed that such no
tice be given by due and proper publication
IN the Pioneer Pivss. PUBLISHED In Miller, s, ID.
G. A. BLAKE,
q Register.
The pioneer press. (Miller, Hand County, S.D.) 1893-190?, 1903-11-12

The Review Of Review is keep
ing I'D its reputation as tle best
interpreter of the news Of therldy
among ourmontly journal. 1he
November number deals with The
postal Investigations the faIl
elections, the recent exposures o.
(" high finance" in trust orgaa.
zation, the Panama Canal Situa-
ton. the award OF the Alaska
houndarYstribunai, the protrr-
ZIONIST movement IN !1lgIk;,is.il !.
and the Issue in the far East be
tween Russia and japan.
The pioneer press. (Miller, Hand County, S.D.) 1893-190?, 1903-11-12
Nov 5t7
Notice CT Mortga re Foreclosure Sale.

Notice is hereby given to whomsoeyer IL
may concern that whereas Thoms NJ VIII
Hams did execute and deliver to John J. Myers
mortgage deed on the Both day OF July
1902, whereby said Williams did mortgage
to SAID Myers the following described real
estate; The Northwest Quarter OF Section
II. in Township 115, North, in Range Sc
OF Hand, State OF South Dakota: And
whereas there is now due upon said mort
gage the sum OF S365.70 and whereas said
mortgage contained a power of sale and the
amount secured by said mortgages being
past Cue and unpnid; now therefore the
above described real estate will be foreclosed
and sold at public auction. at the hour OF
One O'Clock i. NJ, on the 18th day of
December, 1903. at the front door of the
Court-honse, in the City OF Miller and Stat.
OF South Dakota, to satisfy said indebted
ness.
Dated October 29th 1903.
JOHN j. MYERS, Mortgagee
IRWIN III. MYERS, Attorney for Nortpapee
The pioneer press. (Miller, Hand County, S.D.) 1893-190?, 1903-11-12

How can they do it? is the
question ashed by every one az
ter they see the lirge.nrmber of
handsome presents given away
by the South Dakota Sanitari-
UNI concert company in every
town, SO come out and perhaps
you VIII be one of the fortunate
parties to get one OF these beau.
tiful presents, at opera house
week OF Nov. is. I'll
The pioneer press. (Miller, Hand County, S.D.) 1893-190?, 1903-11-12
Notice of Application For Permit To
Sell Intoxicating Liquors at Retail.

Notice Is hereby given that A. S. Clouse
and A. ). Palmer composing the firm and
co-part nersnip OF Clouse Il Palmer have this
day filed in my Office an application for
permit TO sell Intoxicating liquors at recall
in the incorporated town of Miller on lot
Eleven Gil IN Block Four a. OF the Origin
al Town OF Miller, Hand County, State OF
south Dakota. and that said application
viii be heard by the Trustees of the lncor-
porated Town OF Miller Hand Comfy s. D.
on the 18TH day oi Nov. 1903 at the hour OF
eight O'Clock L: NJ. at the Town Hall in said
TOwn, at winch tile any person or persons
may appear before said corporate author
tiles and give any reason why such license
shoud not be received or permit granted to
sell Intoxicating liquors at retail. Dated at |
Miller Hand County South Dakota on this
goth day of Oct. 1908
b. III. DOUGLASS. |
Deputy Clerk in and for the Incorporated
Town OF Miller Hand County South Dakota l
The pioneer press. (Miller, Hand County, S.D.) 1893-190?, 1903-11-12
farmers Attention.

We are out ior Trade. As an
lnducmen we offer in Exchange
for No | wheat So lbs of patent
or 81 OF second patent -four.
At $l.10 per Sack this means
Tie for wheat, or soc a. $l.15
per Sack. No Such offer ever
made before. All grades OF wheat
taken ut its relative value.
Flour guaranteed, Offer good
for Il limited time only.
46t4 MILLER ROLLER MILLS.
The pioneer press. (Miller, Hand County, S.D.) 1893-190?, 1903-11-12
n )v5t6
~ Notice for publication.

Department OF the Interior, Land Office at
Huron. Sonth Dakota. October 30. 1908.
Notice Is hereby given that the folio ing
named settler has flied notice OF his inten1
ton to make fina. proof in support OF hiJ
claim. and that said proof win he made be-
fore the County Judge at Miller, 5. ID. on
December II. 1908, viz:
JOHN A. RuGGENBERG.
Fl. +. No. 153Os. for the SEA. See. 20. ri
liz, NJ, II. 90 W.. 9Th r. NJ
He names the following witnesses to Prov
MS continuous residence upon and
cultivation Of said land, VIZ
Daniel Parkhurst, Percy Nicholas, JosepJ
koeck OF Miller. Il. D.. and mes X RerrI
Of Rec Heights, x. ID.
G. A. BLAKE, Register.
The pioneer press. (Miller, Hand County, S.D.) 1893-190?, 1903-11-12
Nov 5t4
Notice to Creditors.
In county court for Hand county South

In county court for Hand county South
Dakota.
Estare Of Samuel NJ. Swan deceased
Notice is hereby given by the undersigned
as the eXecutIiN OF the last win and tesla
ment OF Samuel VI. Swan. deceased. to the
creditors Of and all persons having claims
agains the said deceased. to exhibit them
with the necessary vouchers within four
months after the first publication OF this
notice. to the resident agent OF said expcu-
triE. towit: j, II. Cote or the Clerk Of said
court at Miller South Dakota.
Dated November 9Th 1908.
ELIZABETH G. SWAN. said EXecutriX
The pioneer press. (Miller, Hand County, S.D.) 1893-190?, 1903-11-12
Nov. 5t4
Notice to Creditors.

NUIICb 10 JFDUItOr~.
state OF South Dakota, County OF Hand
:
In County Court, Hon. George G. Briggs
Judge there Of
IN the matter of the Estate OF Elnor A .
Cook, Deceased.
To the creditors OF said decedent, and all
persons having claims against said Estate
You are hereby Notified. And repaired to
exhibit your claims against said deceased
or her estate, with the necessary vouchers
TO =. A. keenan,, who has been appointed
Administrator of said Estate, ut his office in
the village OF Clark, Sonth Dakota, on or be-
fore March first 1909.
Dated at Clark, South Dakota October
oath, 1908.
s. A. keenan,,
Administrators OF said Estate
The pioneer press. (Miller, Hand County, S.D.) 1893-190?, 1903-11-12
Oct21t6
Notice For Publication.

Department OF the Interior, Land Office
at Huron. South Dakota, October 20 1903,
Notice is hereby given that the following
named settler has filed notice OF his inten-
ton To make final proof in support of his
claim, ana that said proof viii be made he
lore the County Judge at Miller, S. d., on
November rs, 1903, viz:
FRANK Z, CRARTREE.
II. =. No. 171l5 for the SW a NE1I Sec,
D. T,112 ~, r. IS W., 9Th T. NJ.
He names the folio wing witnesses tn
prove his continuous residence upon and
cultivation OF said Ian I. viz:
Joseph Deck Barton ii. Douglass. Charles
NJ. Dwyer, Jay p. Morrill,. all OF NJ ller, :, d.
&. A. BLAKE. Register,
The pioneer press. (Miller, Hand County, S.D.) 1893-190?, 1903-11-12

Notice For Publication.

Department OF the Interior, Land Office
at Huron. South Dakota, Oct. Ii 1903.
Notice is hereby given that the following
named settler bias filed notice OF his inten,
ton to mako final proof in support OF his
claim, and that said proof will be made
before the County Judge at Miller, S. D., on
November 20. 1903, viz:
WILLIAM j. BELLOWS,
III. +, No. 1927. for the lots / = 3. 4, See.
Is, and lots and ., Sec, - II. 100 n, r..
40 W., 9th p. NJ.
He names the following witnesses to
prove his continuous residence upon and
cultivation of said land. viz:
James Beranek. Frank Beranek. Peter OLE
son. William Keene, all of Barley S. ID.
c. A. BLAKE. Register.
The pioneer press. (Miller, Hand County, S.D.) 1893-190?, 1903-11-12
ONE WEEK ONLY.

The largest organization Of its
kind on the road, CARRYING a
company of real ladies and gen
tlemen in high class vaudeville.
We also carly brass band and
orchestra and give a pleasing
entertainment for the old as
we'll as the Young. A band con-
cert will be given every day on
main street at Has A. M. and
1870 2. M. Doors open at 7:3O
P. M. Orchestra starts at 500
2. Nj. Curtain at SIS.
Admission 10 and 90 cents.
Lrdies free Monday night only.
Handsome presents in silverware
given away during orr stay in
your city.
The pioneer press. (Miller, Hand County, S.D.) 1893-190?, 1903-11-12

Call at d. +. Cree's hardware
store and see those fine heaters.
for hard and soft coal. 39tf
The pioneer press. (Miller, Hand County, S.D.) 1893-190?, 1903-11-12
Hand County
/ AND Wanted.

| want TO buy some good
quarters OF Hand county land
cheap for cash. Write or call on
me ut Miller. If
Ct. II. CARROLL
The pioneer press. (Miller, Hand County, S.D.) 1893-190?, 1903-11-12
For SaIc Cheap.

-Four good Shropshire Bucks,
pedigree With one.
.45t3 ... GEO. II. GRACE.
The pioneer press. (Miller, Hand County, S.D.) 1893-190?, 1903-11-12
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
: * Purely Business. X :
Observation-Disclosures

If you have anything TO sell. or II you De
sire to bay anything, three or four line
notice in the PRESS viii bring results.
The pioneer press. (Miller, Hand County, S.D.) 1893-190?, 1903-11-12

Mr.. and Mrs. Boldt, OF Irwin,
lowe, returned home this week,
after visiting their sons west Of
town.
The pioneer press. (Miller, Hand County, S.D.) 1893-190?, 1903-11-12
Oct Dot3
Notice ofHearin Petition for Letters
administration.
/ state OF SOuth DAKOTA

NolicS Oh heafln i'et zion for Letters
Administration.
state OF South Da iota I
}In county Court.
County of Hand.
In the matter of the estate ofMartha Lon
ise Holmes. Deceased.
The state OF south Dakota sends greeting
to Andrew Il. Holmes, Roswell Walter
Holmes, Clara Ellen Holmes and Eva
Bianche Holmes, all OF Washington. Soutb
DAKOTA, heirs at law aud next OF kin OF Mar
tha Louise Holmes, deceased, and to all
"moHi tnese presents may come,
Notice Is hereby given, that Andrew r
Holmes has filed with the Judge of this
court q petition praying for letters of admin
lstration OF the estate of Martha Louise
holmes, deceased, and that Friday the 18th
day OF November 1903, OF 10 O'Clock In the
forenoon OF said day. being a day OF special
Term 81 TINS court at the Office OF the clerk
Oh snid court at the court house in the town
Oh Miller IN the said county OF Hand has been
set Tor hearing sand petition, when and
Whsre any person Interested may appear
ana sa"w cause WHY the said petition
should not be granted
Dated at Miller. $. d. this 10th day OF
octoptr, A. y. 1903: q. c. BRIGGS.
'sEAL) Judge Of County Court.
The pioneer press. (Miller, Hand County, S.D.) 1893-190?, 1903-11-12

Miss Delane Oviatt will open
her new photo galley over the
Sutphen store Nov. 18th. See
announcement in this paper.
The pioneer press. (Miller, Hand County, S.D.) 1893-190?, 1903-11-12

We offer the following described
lands for sale cheap and on
favorable terms.
The pioneer press. (Miller, Hand County, S.D.) 1893-190?, 1903-11-12
Money TO Loan.

| am prepared to make a few
Real Estate Loans.
JAY u. MORRILL,.
i1tf Miller, 5. ID.
The pioneer press. (Miller, Hand County, S.D.) 1893-190?, 1903-11-12
Wanted Idea \ ~ !: 6: !; :' "a;

Write JoHN WRDIER1bRN 4 Co. Patent xttcr.
~ = 8 8 & e. 's; & kss: ia'.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1903-04-04
TWO DECADES OF BIG SHIPS.
Have Been Built Within the
Last Few Years.

A striking illustration of the rapid
developed during recent years is to
be had in the case of the old Anchor
liner City of Rome, which was built
in 1881, and for IL years enjoyed the
distinction of being the largest At
lantic steamship. She is being towed
now in England to an obscure port to
be broken into junk, says the Wash
ington Star. 1t is with difficulty that
one recalls the City of Rome as
holder of records of any kind, al
though when she was in her prime her
name was familiar to the people on
both sides of the ocean. When she was
displaced from top rank in point of
size by the Lucania and the Campania,
in 1898, there was much marveling and
many predictions that these vessels
would for long time hold the head
of the lists. But once the era of big
vessels opened it produced rapid sue
cession of largest ships,'' and during
the past five years there has been such
an impetus in the steamship building
line, especially in Germany, that the
announcement of another monster ex-
cites comparatively little attention.
Just at present the Oceanic and the
Celtic are the largest vessels in serv
ice, and alongside of them the CITY
of Rome would seem pygmy.