The Republican journal., 1903-04-23

with incalculable wealth. The Colejio
de San Marcos, the Oldest college in
America, was founded here in 1851, just
sixty nine years before the Pilgrim
Fathers landed at Plymouth, and fifty
eight years before Hendrick Hudson
sailed into the harbor of New York.
Here, too, were centered the products
of the mines of Potosi and Cerro del
Pasco-of Puno, Castro and Veireina--
those Ell Dorados about which fables
were told that set all the world agog.
In 1851, think it was, La Palata, then
viceroy Of Lima, rode through the
streets on 4. horse whose name was
strung with pearls and whose shoes
were of pure gold, over broad pave
ment made of solid ingots of silver. To
its sea-gate, Callao, came the galleons
of the East, bringing silks and spices
from far Cathay and the Philippine Is
lands; and following fast in their wake
came the buccaneers, Rogers, Anson,
Hawkins, Drake and others, all eager
to snatch from the treasure-ships the
rich booty which even the Virgin
Queen did not disdain to share with her
loyal freebooters of the South Seas
and the Spanish main.
These things all belong to the distant
past but no less interesting are the
events of the last half century, even OF
the present decade Earthquakes have
repeatedly shaken this city from center
to circumference, and innumerable wars
and revolutions have drenched its
streets with blood. In the plaza where
the auto de fe of the Inquisition used
to burn its victims in the name OF
Jesus, scores of political martyrs have
been publicly executed. By and by the
silver veins of Saldedo ran dry, and the
sands of Carabaya were no longer
washed for gold, and the world had
discovered that awayup north were two
new states, California and Nevada,
which could supply more silver every
year than Pasco and Potosi and ali the
other mines of New Spain put together.
The conquered Indians could no longer
be parceled out to the favorites of pow
er under the abominable law of La
Mica, nor the negroes be compelled to
pay to the rich the tribute of unrequit-
ed labor. Yet the profigate city of the
Three Kings hourished more gaily and
luxuriantly, if possible, than ever; for
a richer fountain of wealth had been
opened than any of the older sources,
in the guano islands scattered all along
the arid coast-those rocky and forbid
ding haunts of seals and sea a-brds,
which were the terror of the early
mariner. For half century they
poured into the lap of Lima a more
than Danaeam shower of gold. Then
came darker days of cruel yarefare and
bitter poverty, after sister republic
had stripped the country of everything
available; and though starvation stared
them in the face, the descendants of
the naughty grandees had no idea of
the dignity of labor, till Grace -Donough-
more enterprises of the present day
have brought the dawn of a new era of
prosperity.
Modern Lima is about ten miles i'll
circumference, but as a large part OF
it's area is laid out in gardens and pub
lie squares, the whole is by no means
densely populated. The old walls of
the city which that energetic vice king,
La Palata, caused to be built in 1858,
described an irregular oval on the
left bank of the Rimac, about three
miles long by mile and half
wide. They were from eighteen to
twenty-four feet high and twenty feet
thick and were entered by the twelve