The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1903-08-22
trsa az effort, ana Its value depends In
~ tll4a.. hnf1a If thnsA eleunnts ~ a n

incorporating tnls iaea, Inc definition
IL Ma measure OF ability inherent therein
IL nrodiice pleasure, and this Is the sum
Of Tie AMOUNT oE energy expended there
On. and the ebiilty ii,a ataa therein he.
A nh now observe that nothing has value
except It be owned by another---only such
thinks are the subject OF exchange. and
S t. ess se f you az horse wssq sas
Vnii = service; so II I sing you song
Or nive you a legal opinion. Therefore,.
In dohnlng vulue. wo may ceaso to speak
a. Tx anal definition Of value should
he: Vai,le Is The measure Of ability In.
hefent In a service TO produce pleasure,
and this. Ia che sum OF the energy OK
Yielding i energy previously inherent
wv W. e come back. then, to the fundament-
a. propostiH ahaa den aye ntrnso
TINES lines practically Impossible, to determine
what this value is II q given case; but
this only shows that our knowledge IL
limited, and in no way affects the truth
I repeat. then. that the greatest good
will result to society whom ali services
exchange for their real value-when all
and no man has to pay more than fair
return tor their labor, anu no man has
TO pay more than q fair return for tho
labor OF another; and that this status
cannot be attained as long as there Is
competition, beca use competition of SELL
ters reduces the price of q service below,
and competition Of buyers raises 1t above
Its true value. Is
4 But 1t Is answered, II one trust ACQUIRES
monopoly Of tho oil trade. another Of
the iron industry and another Of the beef
market, and 80 on, they VIII FIX the prices
pnst issy aSsck d he ne p Ts S
may do temporarily, but lf thelngs have
real value, they VIII not and cannot
maintain the price above this real value
for any length OF time.
4, In the first place. they will not do It.
because It will not be to their advantage
to do so. 5 i'E-
In the second place, II services have a
without competition and when ascer-
talncd tho company would be forced to
accept this real value whether 1t wanted
to or not. ~ "A
Trade-fair trade--is therefore possible
without competition. But suppose the
wheat man said to laborer A, II viii give
you only one-half bushel OF wheat for q
days labor" Assume that the true value
OF days labor Is ono bushe OF wheat.
and that A refuses to take the half BUSH
el. The wheat man then goes to laborers
3, G and D and makes the same PROPOSE
ton. Now II there Is competition among
labor Is greater than the island needs.
thon the necessities Of B, and D viii
force them to accept this unfair offer,
here, again, we see that competition In
that the supply on the island ls in all
things just equal to the demand, that
the wheat man can raise just enough
wheat. the laborers are Just sufficient to
40 the work. and 80 on. What happens
them The wheat man, being. selfish, not
sufficiently altru. stic not scientifically ego
istlc, still insists on the half bushel wage.
The laborers have immediate necessities,
and therefore may be compelled to accept
the offer: even though there Is no over
Should one Of them, assuming that he
could quit labor. and go to wheat rails
ing' and thus Introduce competition among
the wheat growers? This would be one
would at once destroy the equilibrium The
result would be too much wheat for the
island, and too little labor, and all would
eventually suffer. There Is another and
laborers and strike against the Wheat
grower. 4 necessary, to bring him to
Justice. But STILL It may be answered.
the wheat man is a capitalist, Is a trust;
the laborers have immediate necessities.
able to resist their combined efforts. Not
II they are right, for the altrulsnl the
scientific egotism, OF the beef man, the
horse man and the sheep man will be APP
pealed to and they will contribute. funds
strike progresses.
Only with man has the higher law been
much developed He alone Is fully con-
scious OF the fact that he needs the aid
their aid, and that the society which
best aids all It's parts is the one which
Will survive and reach the final goal, un-
less. indeed. others become equally altru-
in hand, to the higher life. The law Of
natural selection and the survival of the
fittest Is wastefu law: a thousand crea-
lures die where one survives. but until
along the line Of least resistance. and
there is no alternative. With the Develop
ment Of the brain, 1t is discovered that
there Is another and a better way to i'm
prove. Man has developed the trotting
horse and the pointer dog in the last CEN
fury. Nature. without the brain, woud
have required ages. He has done this
In two ways; by exercising the muscles
and functions required by the trotter and
pointer; and by consciously breeding from
race He can encourage and foster life
subscribing and llfe-giving activities. and
thus make greater. progress than would
the blind law OF the survival of the 1T
our churches. and all other benevolent
efforts are a huge mistake. He cannot
drown the cripple as he would litter
of off-colored PUBS, and would not If he
stay his hand-he would suffer more pain
In their destruction than the care for
them entails: but he can prevent he
marriage OF the idiot and the lunatlc: and
he can discourage the marriage OF tire
INDECENT In these ways, and a thousand
others, he draws the fangs OF the brute
law, natural selection and the survival
OF the fttest, abolishes Its wastefulness,
conserves energy. and moves more re mildly
to greater happiness. All institutions
which assist in this should be approved,
THE trust Is one Of these. In that it de-
stroys. or tends to destroy, competition.
III.
SOAIE OF THE EVILS AND ALLEGED
h EVILS OF TRUSTS.
We may now consider some of the evils
and alleged evils Of trusts We will con-
slider tho latter first.
/ The chief of these alleged evils has
been already considered; !. O., the destruc-
ton Of competition. and we have seen
that this, Instead Of being an evil. Is q
positive benefit
The next in order Is the fact that they
destroy Independence; instead of thou
sand manufacturers OF tobacco; we now
have ono huge manufacturer. and the
Thousand have gone out of business, or
become its employees. Is this an evil?
If eyolution be not a mistake. greater
dependence is an evidence Of advances
ment, not of retrogrcsslon.