The sun., 1903-05-03

condition, and q early - the year 3i2 r C
an inehectual EFFORT was made TO provid.
ths Via v.,Ss. Appn With drainage system
times under the republic and the empire
but was never carried out 'Eghteen
Popes repeated tho attempt. but always
with insufficient money and inadequate
part OF the devastated plain was restored to
cultivation, but the greater part Of il il
still unfit for human habtation.
! In the article on tho prevention Of puno.
nary tuberculosis, the author, DR.. Richard
Rosen. points out that the opinion formerly
held that Tuberculosis infection may be
directly inherited is incorrect An in.
fection Of the child by germs in the sperrna-
tozoa or .oyum does not occur. Direct
mother has tubercular disease is possibls.
| but Ia extremely rare. Only q predispos-
| tion to tuberculosis may be inherted; this
consists not only in the configuration Of thp
thorax, but also in the degree Of the
such a conformation OF the body as makes
1t suitable indus for the baci BY
whatever words this kind Of predispostion
| may be express I'd, 1t remains true that thn
nature Of heredi,ary predlsPostlon enJ is st
lie referred to any obvious lesion.
The term general weakness has been
used to designate it. but II by this term be
meant a general weakness OF the muscular
system anu u uecTtuSt VI Jit IuilNtlOnal
activity of the body. it does not cover ali
cases Of hereditary .predisposition be-
cause some individuals who are muscu-
larly strong and active are affected with
tuberculosis. 4 predisposition to, tuber-
culosis il left by several other diseases,
apparently because the constitution Of the
lymph and OF the blood after these illnesses
favors the implantation Of the tubercle
bacillus. Those suffering from diabetes
1Doia. tho N If tho haci1li in tho b,,
man body seems to be favored by an eX-
cessve amount OF sugar in the blood In
children pulmonary tuberculosis often fol-
lows measles and whooping cough; con-
special care should b, taken to gu1r1 suoh
children against tuberculous Infection.
The question whether tubarcul)us pa
tients ought to marry is considered by
Or. Richard Rosen without any regard to
the offspring of the marriage. He con-
fines himself to the inquiry whether tu-
berculous person should marry a healthy
one He holds that If the disease has
existed for long time and is progressing
marriage should be absolutely prohibited.
culosia, on the other hand, he thinks that
no general rule can be laid down. A pa
tient who has had no pulmonary. signs
OF the disease for two years, and is in
to marry, but, physician should be more
marriaee to a tuberculous woman than
to a tuberculous man, because experiences,
has shown that pregnancy and parturition<
disease. There Is no doubt that infection
through marriage is possible.
In an interesting chapter on diseases
Of the digestive organs, by Prof. Einhorn,
will be found parasiaPhh h on r, appema1cltis, ~.
swallowing Of fruit stones. pieces OF bone
and fragments OF indigestible food were
forbidden. but We now know that these
things play no part whatever IN the pro-
Oh OF oi 01 we're ere
also looked upon as important prophylactic
measures, but recent investigations have
shown that even this assumption Is un-
founded. No doubt regulation OF the
constipation Intestinal obstruction may
result from the ooclusion Of the lumen OF
the intestine by hard. fecal masses. The
only means. however. that we possess o,
preventing appendicitis is the removal
recommend a resort to this eIpedient in
all Gases, because the operation is not
quito free from danger. but it may always
be undertaken when laparotomy is neces-
sary for some other reason, and when II
In the same chapter Prof. Einhorn has
something to say about stimulants. He
expresses the opinion that tea and coffee:
when taken In moder,tion. are not followed ID
Wi. " tn (. 0th thinf:. ITO to add add sugar and milk
to the tea or coffee, and thus make the
beverage food. Total abstinence from
alcoholic drinks u pronounced unneces-
s.ry. and, indeed. IN many Tespects, and dis, ;n
most conditions Of exhaustion alcoholic
liouids arc pronounced valuable aids for
Strengthening tho body. OF course, for
prophylactio purposes these neVornsSs as
should 30 taken only In mode.asion ehc,,, 1o% hs%
results Prof. Einhorn does not find easy
TO Determine. Very much depends on
individual peculiarities. He u aware tnao
from fro their use Of tobacco. Others, again.
suffer from tobacco poisoning il they
smoke two or three light cigars day.
Smokers are advised to smoke only At cer-
tain hours. and especially after meas.
is denounced on the ground that the nico-
tine Is in this way quickly absorbed. and.
therefore. symptoms Of tobacco poisoning
are apt to appear earlier than after smoking.
A reference to diabetes WI pc DO tUano nrinarn N
organs. As the essential cause OF diabetes
Is as vet unknown. we can only try to prevent
the disease by avoiding those things which.
as experience has shown. often lead to this 4
tsntion e Is directed @ 70 the Excessive insestion
Of sugar and Of substances which contain
sugar Moreover. As diabetes shows a
strong tendency to be hereditary, 1t ts well
not to give to the children Of diabetes too
much carb o-hydrate food. and to make an
examination for sugar at regular intervals
after the ingeetion Of amylaceous food
When diabetes is present the chief aims OF
prophylaxis must be to maintain the nutri.
ton and to prevent coma. The cher
thing In the dieting prescribed is the re-
striction Of the carbohydrates, yet Wa
must beware Of excluding these altogether
from the diet in mild cases. No diabetio
in any stage Of the disease should take
large quantities Of sugar or starch. The
aim Of the diabetio diet is furthered by
regular. moderate muscular exercise and
by proper care OF the skin (baths). There
is, Il seems, in diabetes a tendency to at,
tacks OF perspiration and to taking colo /,
afterward, wherefore it is best for the
patient always to wear warm woolien
clothes. and In cold weather to 60 70 a
warmer climate. The danger OF coma
setting In must be prevented by promo,ulR '
diuresis with alkaline waters, the adtni,ils ,
tration Of alkalies in large quantities ~ 70
10 drains Of a sodium bicarbonate a dayl.
with . strictly heterogeneous diet OWING
to the danger Of coma. aud OF the serious
course which wounds run. surgical opera.
tions should be made on diabetic patieh,s
only after the sugar has been removed d.
much As possible. .L,.o-