The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1903-07-12


nails ana is of their number. These chos-
en- advisers and assistants of the sover-
eign pontin constitute the supreme coun-
Gil or senate of the church.
Bishops. priests and deacons make I'd
the three orders Of the cardinalate. The
six cardinal bishops are always bishops
and have their origin from the several
sees Of the church located in the vicini-
" Of Rome. The cardinal priests, with
Few exceptions, are archbishops or bish-
ops and the cardinal deacons generally
priests. Choice Of a cardinal is not re-
strcted 10 the priesthood, and the IA
nous Cardinal Antoneli. privy councillor
OF Plus TX, was only a deacon. The first
cardinal bishop is dean. the first of the
priests first priest and the first Of the
dea.cons first deacon Of the sacred college.
The dean consecrates and the first deacon
proclaims and crowns a new pope.
Seventy cardinals compose the full
membership OF the sacred college. though
IL is very seldom that there are so many.
"A cardinal is always created, never made
or nominated. and his creation some
times precedes by several years of pub
LIdA1tl OF REORGANIZATION
In such instances, as was the case with
Cardinal Satolh. he is said to be reserved
in petto. and when proclaimed takes pre-
cedence according to the date Of crea-
ton. A cardinal wears the red hat which
Is tlle symbol Of his rank. but once-when
the pope puts il on the head in the con-
sistery at which he is created and which
follows the semi-private bestowaI of the
red berTetta. It IS then put away, TO be
laid on his bier when he dies. After he
Is buried il IS brought from the place
where his grave has been made and held
to await the creation OF his successor.
In a second consistory the pope closes
the mouth Of the candidate; in other
words. forhids him speaking. for the
time being. at meetings OF cardinals. In
d third consistory however, this prohibi-
ton is removed. and at the same time he
is gwen q rng, on RECEIPT Of which he is
expected to give reasonable sum Of
money IN charity and is assigned a tit
ular or parish church in Rome. If the
candidate is absent or prevented from
reaching Rome at that time, the red
berretta is sent to him, and on receiving
it he IS bound TO make oath that he VIII.
,
ties and pledge himself to defend the
church and its peace with his blood.
Pope Leo has displayed a great deal Of
independence and latitude in his choice
Of cardinals. and the sacred college Diff
fers very much in its present makeup
from those that have preceded 1t.
So recently as the days Of Plus TX.
aristocratic names predominated among
the cardinals. But today this is no long
er the case. the plebeian element being
far in the majority. The Bonapartes.
the Shareholders and the Towards are
no longer represented, and even scions Of
the Italian nobility have disappeared, ex-
cept a small group Of Sicilians and Nea-
politans The foreign aristocracy in the
coming conclave will be represented only
by Cardinal Hohenlohe, a member of the
famous family TO which belongs the pres
ent chancellor OF the German empire. but
he is counted as having small influence
in the college.
Men born among the masses now con-
stitute a majority Of the sacred college,
and their influence viii weigh heavily
in the choice of the new pontiff.. Car
dinaI Parocchi is the son Of poor mill
Ter: Cardinal Logue is the son Of an Irish
peasant. and Cardinal Cascajares was an
officer Of humble rank in the Spanish
army before he entered holy orders.
Moreover. while in times past France,
Austria and Spain have vetoed papal
elections. and still claim the privilege
TO do SO a bull issued some years ago
for the conduct OF the coming conclave
confirms To the sacred college the exclu-
sive right To elect the pope. absolutely
excluding any Intervention on the part
OF the secular power. All previous rules
as 10 the duties Of civil and municipal
MAGISTRATES in connection with the con-
clave have been done away with and
the ordering Of all matters connected
with IL left in the hands of the cardinals.
TIE sacred college in electing pore
has the world TO choose from, fer any
faithful Catholic is eligible; but for
precedent for a layman pope 1t would
haze n 90 back to 1924. when the pa
trician Crescertius became Pope John
XIX. Again. Of the 263 popes registered
IN Catholic statistics. 224 have been liai-
fans For more than three centuries and
q half no one but an Italian has sat upon
g. Peters throne. ard it : as certain,
as any future event can he that the next
incumbent of the holy see viii be OF the
same nationality. There are many con-
vfncin. reasons for this belief "Gradu-
suv 10 establish an alliance between the
panacv and the Italian government with
ont thereby loosening the bonds that
unite other foreign Catholic nations to
III holy see'-that is the keynote OF the
secret policy Of the Vatican which led 10
e. election Of Leo XIII in ISIS. which
viii predominate in the election Of ms
successor and which the Italian members
Of the sacred collese believe can best
h. carried forward by one Of their own
countrymen.
The succession Of any one but an ltal-
fan to the paracy is impossible No Tan
ribIe advantaSe could accrue 10 the
ch,,rcl7 from the election OF spanish
French. German. English or American
cardinal. on the other hand. the Itsi-
IAN crown and people would strenuouSly
,nnose the establishment in Rome OF
,rhat in such 81 contingency. would pr2c-
,scaIIv ue a foreign sovereign and court
selanging to a nation which may a any
.,o,,ent md itself al ODDS with the Italian
.-o,-sr,rneDt. King Emanuel would never
s,,nsent 70 the possibility. Il there We're
70. The actual danSer. Of the Vatican
-,ith an alien pope installed therein. De
.o,,,,r center Of foreign intrigue d.
r.e,sa against the Itauan. government
I. oo,.,itior Of affairs that would be speed
n. rs,ssre1 intolerable BY the outwerd
Nh aE =