davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1903-11-04
IvNcHJNe Follows RACE RIoT. =

LyNcHING Follows RACE EIoT.-
Henry johnson, a negro, was taken
from Jail at Lakevillage, Ark, at noon
yesterday by a mob and hanged in the
center of Town. The act followed
fight between the whites and blacks
early in the day, in which Frank An
derson was killed and r. Vinson, a
lawyer, from Little Rock, and several
others were wounded. Daring the row,
it is claimed, Ed. Coleman, negro,
began shooting, which started a
fusjllade. When it was over the dead
and wounded were counted. Coleman
fed. with posse in pursuit. johnson
was locked up. Excitement ran high
and a meeting of citizens was
held. at which observation Of law was
urged, but large number of tbe more
exciiable rushed to the Jail, battered
down the doors, secured johnson and
| hanged him.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1903-11-04

THE ANNUAL MEETING OF THE
l stockholders of the CHESAPEAKE AND
COLUMBIA INVESTMENT COMPANY
will be held at the principal Office Of the said
eompany. No. III south Fairfax street, Alex
apdria. Virginia, ON FRIDAY. December
4, at 5 o'clock p. m, for the transaction OF
such business as the bylaws may require.
T. w. SMITH,
President of the C. & c. Invest. Co.
pnv2 W
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1903-11-04
Ladies' ClOaks
and Furs.

Ladies' Black and Tan Jackets, strapped
seams new puff sleeves, s. value at S5.9s.
Misses Short Jackets, with double capes,
s. value at 1898.
Children's Long Cloaks, navy blue, neatly
trimmed in braid at 1898.
Ladies, Black Seal Neck Scarfs with four
tails at 69c.
Ladies' wide Black Seal Neck Scarfs with
four tails at Sl.25.
Ladies' Black Seal Stole Collarettes at
$19S.
Ladies' Mink Scarfs with tails at $l.9S.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1903-11-04
MEDICINAL.

Love is some
times a hard task
master. He drives
women to tasks be-
yond their strength
and lays heavy bur-
d ems on tn cir
shoulders. Love
Of husband, love OF
family, forces many
a woman day by
day to labor for the
home when aching
back and throbbing
head make her ut
terly unfit for
household duties.
Weak, nervous
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1903-11-04
A Scientific Discovery.

KodoI Dyspepsia Cure does for the stomach
that which it is unable to do for itself, ever
when but slightly disordered or overloaded
Kodol Dyspepsia Cure supplies the natura
juices Of digestion and does the work OF IN
stomach, relaxing the nervous tension, WINE
the in1amed muscles of that organ are allowed
10 rest and heal. KOdol Dyspepsia Cure dl
gesls what you eat and enables the stomach
and digestive organs 20 transform all food In
to rich, red blood Sold by all druggists.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1903-11-04
FOR OVER SIXTY YEARS

AN OLD AND WELLTRIED REM EDY.-
Mrs. Winslow's Soothing Syrup has been
used for over sixty years by millions OF
mothers for their children while teething,
with perfect success. 1t soothes the child,
softens the gums, allays all pain, cures wir,d
colo and is the best remedy for DiarrhGa. ls
pleasant 10 tie taste. Sold by druggists in
every part Of the wocld. Twenty-Five cents
bottle. Its value Is incalculable. Be sure
and ask for Mrs. Winslow's Soothing Syrup
and take no other kind.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1903-11-04
A Runaway Bicycle.

Terminated with an ugly cut on the
leg of J. B. orner, Franklin Grove, Ill.
II developed stubborn ulcer unyielding
to doctors and remedies for four years.
Then Bucklen's Arnica SaIys cured.
It's just as good for Burns, Scalds, Skin
Eruptions and Piles, 25c, ate. s. Lead
beater & Sons Drug Store.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1903-11-04
What to Do Until the Doctor Arrives

zone of my children was taken with
cramp colo and suffered severely" says
S. B. Elzee, of MOnett, Mo. 81 te!e-
phoned for doctor, then gave dose of
Chamberlain's Collie, Cholera and
Diarrhoea Remedy, and few minutes
later a second dose. Before the doctor
came the child was relieved" For sale
hv Richard Gibson.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1903-11-04
Ladies' Waists,
Dressing Sacques
and KinOnaS.

Ladies' Black Mercerized Satine Tucked
Shirt Waists at 49c.
Ladies' Fancy Flannelette Waists at 49c.
Ladies' Black Mercerized Satine Waists,
white hemstitched collar and cuffs, Sl.5O value
at 9Se.
All-wool Tucked Flannel Waists, Sl.25
value at 9Sc.
All-wool Eiderdown Dressing. Sacques,
deep sailor collar trimmed with satin ribbon,
at CSC.
Ladies' Kimonas and Dressing Sacques at
49c and long Kimonas at csc.
Black Mercerized Underskirt with accordion
plated fiounce at 49c.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1903-11-04
EDGAR LYLES,
THE LEADING SHOEMAKER

Ladies' and Gents Fine Footwear made 20
order. Ladies' and Mems Leather Boots and
Shoes SOLED and HEELED with rubber,
and repairing neatly done. All work guar
anteed. No. ll6 south st. Asaph street.
ootIQ I'm
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1903-11-04

VIRGINIA CORN EXHIBIT AT ST.
LOUIS. As further incentive to stimu-
late Virginia corn growers to make a
creditable showing at the st. Louis
exposition, the Virginia commission
have decided to offer Sl2O in pre-
miums as follows: $50 for the best
exhibit of corn from any county, to con-
sist of ten or more varieties Of 100 ears
each $50 for the next best exhibit from
any county, of ten or more varieties, and
$50 for the third best exhibit from
any county, of ten or more varieties,
and 500, as before offered, for the Test
one hundred ears sent in by any grower.
All corn competing will be exhibited
under the competitors name, whether a
prize winner or not, and all exhibits
sent in must be sent with the understand
ing that they are to become the property
of the commission for this purpose.
Competent judges will be chosen to
make the awards in ihis competition,
end notice OF the winners will be pub
lished in the State papers. The com
mission will pay freight charges on all
shipments, which should be packed in
substantial boxes or barrels and shipped
by freight to Geo. E. MurrelI, Superin-
tendent No. IA Governor street, Rich
mond, Va.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1903-11-04

women who suffer from headache, Dacx-
ache, bearing-down pains and other con-
sequences Of womanly disease, can be
completely cured by the use of Doctor
Pierce's Favorite Prescription. 1t es-
tablishes regularity, dries weakening
drains, heals inflammation and ulcera-
tion and cures female weakness.
wAbout two years ago was taken sick and It
seemed as If Ihsd no nerves at all, writes Mrs.
p woodbeck, of Delray, Mich. rCould not
work an hour in the day without being tired
out ! doctored first with one physician then
with another, but did not receive any Denent
One would say one thing and the next something
else had almost given up when thought
your medicine might help me, so wrote 10 YOU
asking what to do. You advised me TO take Dr.
Pierce's Favorite Prescription and Golden Med
ical Discovery did 50 and could see diner,
ence right away. only took four bottles IN al
and felt better than had in long time. Can
work all day now and not feel tired as would
In an hour before taking your treatment.
think 1t is the only medicine"
DR.. Pierce's Pleasant Pellets cure diz'
illness and sick headache.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1903-11-04
An who use Atomizers in treatinI

nasal catarrh will get the best results from
Elys Liquid Cream Balm. Price, including
spraying tube 75c cts Sold by druggists or
mailed by Ely Bros, SO Warren street., n. Y.
New Orleans, Sept. |, 1900.
Messrs. Ely Bros. Il sold two bottles OF
your Liquid Cream Balm to a customer, VIM.
Lamberton, 14l5 Delchaise St., New Orleans;
he has used the two bottles, giving him won
derful and most satisfactory results.
GEO. w. MCDUFF. Pharmacist.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1903-11-04

AIexam0ria Gazette.
A FINAL SETTLEMENT.
Entered at the Postofice Of Alexandria, Vir
ginia. as second-class matter.l


Second Auditor John G. Dew has re-
ceiyed from the printer for distribution
his annual report for the fiscal year end
ing September 80, 1903, and it is most
interesting document. Judge Dew in
this paper makes the official announce
ment that the accounts between
Virginia and the United States Govern
ment upon basis which left a balance
due the former of $3.50, have been
settled.
The matter involved 1894, 900 CT
Virginia bonds, which together with in
terest, amounted to nearly $4,000, 900,
which amount was claimed by the
United States Government as debt vs..
the State, In regard to this settlement,
Judge Dew says:
at had long been contended by the
United States government officials that
these bonds, with accrued interest, ag-
gregated an amount greatly in excess
of that due on account of the advances
made by Virginia, and on more than one
occasion has the difference thus claimed
been demanded of the State, and for
years it has been standing in a some
what menacing attitude towards her
treasury. One of the more recent OF
these demands was made upon the State IN
1894, when the Treasurer of the United
States sent a special agent to Richmond
to demand of the Treasurer OF the Com
monwealth the payment of $54O, 600 OF
State bonds held by the United States.
Regardless of the fact that the general
governmental department had been charg-
ing Virginia with the large amountclaim-
ed as due by her, she, in the meantime,
had been crediting her securities account
with her bonds involved in this case, and
held by the United States government,
feeling assured the while that if an equi-
table adjustment of the complicated ac'
count could ever be reached, the fact
would be established that she owed the
United States nothing. The result has
sustained the right of her claim in this
behalf, for an adjustment has at length
been attained with an ascertained balance,
though small, of five dollars and fifty
cents due Virginia.
"This balance was paid promptly by
the United States; the bonds of the State
returned and cancelled, and the whole
matter closed finally and most satisfacto-
rily to Virginia.
Judge Dew makes general statement
concerning the conditions of The debt.
Waterbury evening Democrat., 1903-12-19

% 2 < \ 1 < ! .i <
 Companion Court Minerva, I. o. F., of Naugatuck, and friends, will enter cain each other playing whist and dancing this evening in the borough.
 Why not usher the old year out and the new one in by going to Odd Eel lows hall and enjoy the dance and fes- tival given by Ingelborg lodge, O. of V. December 31?
 Good resolutions will be in order from now until New Years day. Peo- pie can make no better one than that they will have the Democrat office do all their job printing.
 Court D, B. Hamilton did itself proud in the line of extending a grand good time in the old-fashioned way to those. who spent last night stepping off the different dances on the program at Hamilton hall Mill Plain. This court has well earned reputation as a dis penser of enjoyable social events.
Waterbury evening Democrat., 1903-12-19
For Christmas We are not giving away
 MILLINERY GOODS

But the prices are low that it is almost equivalent to doing so, It is not a question of money with us. We wish to reduce our stock at this time, and will do 1t regardless of the financial returns.
Waterbury evening Democrat., 1903-12-19
COMING EVENTS

Entertainments. Fairs and Socfables oi
 Local Interest.
 Dec 19-Whist party and dance h5 Companion Court Minerva, I. O. F., al Pythian hall, Naugatuck.
 Dec 19-Waterbury Military bane promenade at City hall.
 Dec 23-The Pastime A. c. concer' and promenade at Leayenworth hall. Dec 26-Sayage A. c. Smoker. ,
 Dec 29-Re-union of the class or os at Leavenworth hall.
 Dec 30-Sunshine Athletic club {; fourth annual promenade at SpeedWel hall.
 Dec so-Promenade by North End Social club at Turn hall, Jefferson street
 Dec. .31-Tngelborg 1odre. Q. of " dance and, festival al odd Fellows nan, Dec S1-Folrth annual dance glsen by Ushers and Stage Hands at Coiun' bus hall. Naugatllck.
 Dec 31-French- Canadian Instituts : nineteenth annual promenade ap'' dance at Jacques auditorium.
 Jan 2-Grand concert and dance Dy the Second division. A. o. H.. of Nau- gatuck, at Columbus hall. NaugatucK. Ian 2--Conccrt. entertainment and ball by Banner Glee club at Gem opera house. NaueatuclS.
 Jan 9-Entertai irment given by Brass Workers local, 1S6, at Congress hall.
 Jan 13- Goodwill Social club. 4th annual concert and promenade at Speedwell hall.
 Jan Smoker given by Bakers and Confection Workers. local 155, at Con- gress hall.
 Jan 2T.-Ivory Workers union 2d annual promenade and dance at Speedwel1 hall
 Jan 2a-Seventh anniversary of St Mary's T. A. society at Leavenworth hall.
 Jan 2a-Fs ~-st Thomas church fair.
 Feb 2. 1o. II. 1o. 1s. 16-c'arnival by Company c. c. N C.. at City hall.
Waterbury evening Democrat., 1903-12-19
ITS A BEAUTY

We'll, you bet it's beautiful. Our cal endar this year is an ornament to any home. It is a 22x15 banner and pre- sents the picture of the much talked Of Mary Ann's youngest little girl It really too bad Mary Ann didn't use better. Judgment when she was buying the poor little innocent's hat. for her hat instead of being the flat almost straight pointed up-to-date. is just one year ahead of~the times, and is the style which will be all the go in 1904. Then again Mary Ann ddn't teach her how to, hold up her dress correctly De cause it's the front she's holding up instead Of the back and unfortunately she shows how clumsy hosiery LOOKS when they are too large. for in the DIG ture one of them has taken drop ana the other is going to do likewise. De that as it may. she wears real va terbury smile. which means a sure cure for any case of the blues IT you are bothered with the latter just LOOK in our window Thursday, December 1T, and see if we are telling the truth. Beginning on the above date and con tinliing until Christmas eve each pur- chaser Of pound of Tea or Cofee will be presented with our 1904 sou venir free Remember you must make the purchase to secure the calendar. And by the way, don't forget we are the leaders in selling fine quality or Tea Coffee and Butter at reasonable price If you douht us we know or no way by which We can convince un- less you give Us trial at
 Phelan's T Store.
Waterbury evening Democrat., 1903-12-19
l. CE1AS
The Miller & Peck Co
Special Prices for Saturday
 Night and Monday.

At $1 $1.49--Ladies' Sweaters, all, colors. At Sl. 9S-Children's Mackintoshes. At S4 ,sS-Ladies' Goats, military styles. At 9Sc-Ladies' and Misses Umbrel las, great assortment of handles. At 9sc--Ladies' Petticoats, with the new patent waist attachment. At S1.95-Siik Waist Patterns. At 25cLadies' extra large white Aprons, with wide hem, value 39c. At 25c-Isadies' white Aprons, with tueks and hamburg, value 49c. At 49e-Extra large white Aprons for Nurses, value 69c. At 25c-Children's white Aprons, ham burg trimmed, value 39c. Mems linen initial Handkerchiefs, 1s dog boxes, at 67c, $1.35 and S2.75. Mems all wool Sweaters. at S1. 39, $1 oS and $2.9s At 29c--A price cut on Boys Shirt Waists just in time for your needs; all orr Boys Waists that were soc now 29c. At 25c-2O and 1s-ineh Down Pillows, from 39c. At 25c--Hassocks. from 35c and soc. At S1.98- Bissell's sweepers, from S239. At s2.3e-Fur Rugs. from ss.25. At 50c-10o large Calendars, were eac to S9c At 25c-Ladies' and Children's Golf Gloves. were 39c. At 59c-Best Angora Tam O'shanters, were 75c At 19c-5-inch satin Taffeta Ribbons, from 25c. At 75c-Fitted Wrist Bags. from asc At 75c---Mercerized Waist Patterns, were 98c.
 a
Waterbury evening Democrat., 1903-12-19
Christmas SuggcStiOnS.

If for place go you will find it full of the
 nade clothing
 Christmas it prices pay s25 sss7 s5 se5o Reefer Top and of Sweaters Then Shirts ofth for their girls well their
Waterbury evening Democrat., 1903-12-19

 Prices for To-Day

Owing to the fact that orders are pouring ia over the wire and by mail and in most cases they want their goods delivered Wednesday or Thurs day, will quote a few special prices for the benefit of early buyers:
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1903-11-04
MGRERW M MkXE2
TWELVE MEN ARE TODAY Try DECIDE THEIR OWN
wRfet HAEoGo HAY REALLY

man who held me uu " he only looked
uucencarnad ard smiled happily ~ his
young wife. who also showed her
dimpiea iH an attempt To hook gay and
Joyous. His fellow priaoaers. how-
ever say that Hayuie - subject o. nts
that he has dreaded very much the
ordeal % fhg trinI
Oscar Gems. the prosecuting witness.
was put on ths stand shortly after
court convened. BE related briefly the
occurrences 81 the evening ~ August
D. when he was held so and robbed
near hla home on Blanchard street
he positively Identified Iaynie.
IA Martin. who was held up few
minutea previous the same night. IN
the same vicinity. said. ! am no good
az description. but I viii simply say
that that man sitting at the table
pointing AZ Hayniel o. the man u.o
robbed me"
Mrs Woudcock. who lives 1T "a
Blanchard street said she saw Hay
ME and hlH wife drive past her home
on the night IN question. IN a buggy
drawn b. fhe spotted horse. The car
rlage was stopped short distance
from her home She says shs watched
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1903-11-04

particularly as she believed Haynis TO
Be a doctor called In suddenly to a
nrlahtsorsnE house. She saw him. she
testified get out Of the buggy aud
disappear iu the darkness. leaving Mrs
Ha8ufs sittinR alone.
lie this man sitting b. my side the
man whom you sas that nightfe asked
Fred Dale Wood. attorney Tor the de-
Tense
Yes be h." was the eonaden, re.
ply
Haynes attorney then asked him 10
walk back and forth n front ~ the
witness. which he did. seeming 10
think - hinge joke. and laughing Aft
the while. Mrs woodcook. after
watching him for several aacanda. said
again that she was sure he was the
man.
Detective Lee Bart,ee gave some IN.
eliminating testimony. After telling
how he had arrested Hayuie and his
wife. August "a after having watched
them for some time ard become cor.
tain that the former at least wna
guilty. related a conversation he had
with faYnie IN the Office ~ Elmer
Todd. then deputy prosecuting attor-
nsy. In which Haynis practically
agreed 20 plead guilty.
For defense ilaynie will claim that
his confession 10 the police officers
was extortcd from him BY threats and
promises
Other witnesses FOR the state this
morning we're +. Howard Nan. one 81
The pfoprietara 81 the livery stable
whore the spotted horse was hired. ana
y, l. Evans. an employe. Both taaiIa
Ned that HaTnle hired the horse and
SAID his name was Anderson The
spotted pony ias Exhibit A. In the
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1903-11-04
HURLED DO n TO
INSTANT Death
Fifty LaborerS Dashed From &
High bridge InfO the River
Below Twelve Reported
Killed

through a span OF the bridge, one
ear was drrailed. causing the whole
train to be thrown against span.
The span broke. preeipitauug the
train aud all those WORKING on that
part OF the bridge into the riyer be-
low
The workmen had ma chance 70
escape. Several were killed tn the
wreck on The bridge. while others
were crushed 20 death or horribly
manEied beneath the falling wreck
age la the river below.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1903-11-04
DID GOOD
WORK
CHARITY ORGANIZATION socI.
ETY. HELPED a LARGE NUN.
eER or NEEDY PEOPLE

At the first monthly meeting Of the
new board % directors u the Charity
Organization society for the current
hacai year yesterday. the general see
fctarYH report Of work done during
October showed that the society trrat-
ed g. cases these eases Including 10
individuals. Classified as rs their So
cial status there were 70 deserted
wives. - widows, divorced women ~
married couples and "a single men or
women. or the "a eases treated -
were new. and "a had been treated in
previous years. The financial state
meut showed deficit to dat ~ tss.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1903-11-04
TAMMANY'S LIFE
IN THE BALANCE

NEW York. Nov s-=fn the face
OF the undiaputcd fact that the cam
paign which today ends at the bal
lot box IL a life aud death struggle
for Tammnny In this city, the voting
Is attended with more interest on
the part OF the people OF this city
than any former election In years
full vote u coming out today.
The weather IN mild and pleasant.
Hundreds Of men are watching for
fioatefH. Two hundred police are
here Ia reserve. In case Of trouble.
AT indications are an exceptionally
close vote, The betting ~ an early
hour this morning showed McCtci-
Tan slight fuVoUte. II IL .Hllm-
ated that $1,000 5000 Ii Wagcrcd on
the result.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1903-11-04

case. and wtll ha shown 20 the Jury
late this afternoon BY the defsuse. the
contention being that no man would
b. foolish enough to 80 on hold-uD
expedition with such conspicuous
animal.
Prosecuting Attorney Scott who "
representing the state. - inclined to
b. irritable and frequently completely
LOSES HIS self cuntrui when anything
anuoYa him. or when attorneys Tor
the defense Interrupt him 90 object to
leading questions.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1903-11-04
THE COUNCIL MEETING TONIGHT PROMISES TO BE TIE MOST
SENSATIONAL. IN TIE cIrTs HISTORY

asks for the removal of Sewer In
Hpsct9r Herman Boetch. who had
charge % the inspection Of this piece
OF work
The petition also requests the
council 20 appoint George r. Cot
ierill IN Enctch's place 20 continue
the Investigation of all the sewer
work now being done in the city.
with view to getting at the exact
condition % the nature Of the work
that L. being done. cottsril has
been looking over most OF the work
aud he has found fragrant violations
Of the specifications IN many places
city Engineer George =. James
has conferred with Cotteril. and
yesterday stated that he would com
pei the Contractors. Stirratt a. Csoetx.
to tear up the sewer already laid IN
these two blocks and put Il in ae-
eordink TO specifications. which he
claims have not been lived rp To
James also desires that Cotterill
shall be made inspector and II the
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1903-11-04

Il Harold ffayuie. now on trial IN
she Superior court for robbery. bold
hlKhwa Ymsn with nerves ~ iron or
simply . foolish boy. not endowed with
eveu the average amount ~ sense. who
has confessed 20 crimes u which he
- net gulityf
This - the question which the twelve
iurorH selected yesterday % ait IN
judgment on the ease viii be called
upon b. decide before the week + out
and concerning vhieh ths personal APP
pearanee ~ the defendant viii DO iit-
tie 70 help them ~ arrive at a conciu-
sion. ~ times. az be aits az the table
by the side - his attorney Hnyule
appears 20 ~ weak and insane. Then
aRain hts handsome face will light mp
and he sill laugh and assume a dare
devil expression which will almost
cause one to swear that he D. capable
~ committing any reckless crime on
the calender.
The states case was begun this
morning. and most damaging and con
vincing evidence was given against
Haynie But even when two men he
n said 70 have held un pointed their
fnssers az him and said That Il the
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1903-11-04

Finy striking miners Of the tssa-
aush Coal coin pany. At lssaauah. are
stradfast in their refusal TO accept
the new schedule offered by the
management and refuse TO return
10 work
Manager Powers 0E the company
says he has made the best poAslbis
offer TO the men. and can make no
CONCESSIONS
We have been paying our men
AZ the rate Of so cents car. We
found that under this schedule. the
men. In their raHefneHs 70 fili their
cars. would cut away the pillars
whfch should be left 20 support the
roof. We recently lost two gang
ways from .aiH cause. We deter
mined to change nur working plan,
aud offered the men work BY the
Hnsai yard 1t 81 Is per yard. our
vein varies in thickness from four