The daily morning journal and courier., 1903-07-21

.
 world of to-day, and in an encyclical is
 sued in December, 1878, appealed to the
 intellectual forces of Catholicity to con-
 test the propaganda of doctrines which
 His Holiness described as subservient
 of social order, alluding especially to
 the Socialists in Germany and the Ni-
 hilist movement in Russia. --.
 The cooperation afforded by the pope
 to the various governments in opposing
 the growing forces of Social Democracy
 paved the way for the settlement of
 disputes resting between those govern
 ments and the Vatican, both spiritual
 and civil authorities being, as it were,
 called upon to move their differences
 and make common cause against the
 common enemy. The first great politi- cal achievement of the pope was the
 settlement of the differences with Ger many which had given rise to the fa-
 nous Kulturkampf. @
 The rapid spread of anarchic doc
 trines in Germany and the attempts
 made upon the emperor's life in 1878 induced Prince Bismarck. to make ap-
 breaches to the Ultramontane party to
 secure their support for his enonoznic
 policy. Herr Falk, the famous author
 of the May Laws, was removed from
 office and other concessions were made
 to the Catholics. Finally, diplomatic
 relations with the Vatican were re-
 sumed and the late emperor Frederick,
 then crown prince, signalized the resto- lration of an harmonious understanding
 by visiting the Pope at the Vatican. A
 still greater tribute was paid by Ger
 many to His Holiness by her selection;
 of him as arbitrator in the dispute with
 Spain regarding the Caroline Islands.
 and her deferential acceptance sof his
 decision in favor of the weaker power.
 His success in this arbitration induced
 the Pope to declare his readiness to act
 as arbitrator In other disputes for the
 benefit of the whole of Europe and of
 Christianity; but, for this, His Holiness
 declared it to be essential that he
 should be restored his liberty as on in
 dependent temporal sovereign. This
 demand, however, met with no response .l as far as foreign governments were
 concerned, and the hopes which had
 been expressed in some quarters that
 the German ernperors visit to the Pope | III LoOc O21Cilllciil5 etAf0StA
 ting the temporal claims of the Holy
 See were soon dissipated,i The Pope,
 himself, in letter to the German bish- Al ops, declared that he regarded the pres
 ence of Emperor William in Rome as
 the guest of the Quirinal as 9 deplora-
 ble recognition of accomplished facts. X
 The interests of the triple alliance iS were not compatible with those of the
 Vatican and even Catholic Austria
 could not afford to offend Italy by es- pousing the Pope's cause, although the Emperor Francis Joseph abstained by
 visiting King Hunbert, in the. city of
 Rome, and thereby openly recognizing the legality of the Italian occupation. Perhaps the most remarkable feature of the late Pope's policy was the
 change in the attitude which the Vati-
 can had hitherto preserved in regard to
 the French republic. At the beginning
 of Pope Leo's reign the identification of
 the clergy with the royalist movement, , which gave rise to Gambetta's famous X remark: sLe clericalisnle, Voila .J Lennui'' had caused an antagonism to Iall that savored of religion. which at one time bid fair to lead to the. early
 separation of church and state in France. Alive to the danger of the sit
 uation, the Pope sought to conciliate ,, the republic by acknowledging it as the established legal form of government, ; and, in 1891, the late Cardinal Lavigerie
 gave expression to His Holiness views l, len this subject to the great surprise of . 1.-the Catholic press and the perturbation 1,9J, ) Episcopate. While thus engaged in po- !, litical negotiations with various coun- , ltries requiring the greatest address and . dexterity, the late Pope paid special l attention to the actual work of propa- gating the Catholic faith, and no pom tifical reign since the reformation has
 witnessed such recrudescence of Ca , tholicisn1, or such an extension of the z spiritual dominion of the Catholic l church, especially in English peaking countries. As an example of this may , be cited the numerous pilgrimages Whichcame to the External City from all } parts of the world, for instance at the time oS the celebration December 23 s 1887, Of the jubilee of the Pope's ordi- x nation to the priesthood. The jubilee l service in St Peters on that occasion \ was attended by fifty thousand persons. ss At the mass the Pope used a golden ; ever and basin presented to him by the
 late Queen Victoria, and wore a tiara : given by the Emperor of Germany. i His holiness also wore magnificent di- : amond ring sent him by the Sultan of : Turkey as personal mark of his good } will and pleasure. Esl # Tn Febreary, 1900, the Pope issued an encyclical on Americanism which caused much discussion, and in June, 1891, he issued a letter on labor, which also aroused much interest,
 On March 3, 1903, the late Pope took ! part in the public celebrations in hon. z or of the twenty fourth anniversary Fof his coronation by holding a Papal chapel" in the bacilica of St. Peters, on } which occasion he was greeted. by fifty ' thousand persons. This was the first , time chapel had been held in the ba- silica since 1870, such ceremonies having heretofore taken place in the Sistine chapel Thirty. cardinals were among those present.
 The late pontiff on March, 29, 1902 published a long encyclical letter, .the : tone of which suggested testamentary ' recommendations and in which he de-