davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Elbert County tribune., 1903-07-23

Spaniards. 4; French. II: Burgun-
dians. q; Germans, 6; Saxons. 2; Bn-
varians. 4; English, 1, and Belgian. l.
The nationality of the others is not
well established.
The religious orders supplied about
seventy popes to the throne. The
Benedictines have given thirty; the
Carthusians two; the Carmelites two;
the Dominicans four. and the Angus
tinians and Franciscans many. Nu-
merous popes we're members Of royal
and noble families, but many poor men
have reached the tiara also. st. Peter
was fisherman. Adrian w. the only
Englishman who held the throne. was
the son OF woman who begged aims
at the door of her parish church. Ur-
ban ". was the son of poor French
man. The parents of Celestine V.
were in very humble circumstances.
So were those of Benedict H.. an
italian Dominican, and also those of
Nicholas V. The father of Adrian vi.
was a ship carpenter, of Sixtus V.
farm laborer and of Plus V. n shep-
herd.
Gregory XII, 1876. died within few
hours of his election; Stephanus ii.
was pope for only three days; Urban
VII. for twelve: Boniface vi. for fif-
teen; Celestine ". for seventeen; ST.
SINUS. Theodorus H., Damascus H., Plus
III. and Marcellus II. for twenty; Val
entinus for thirty and Leo XI. for
twenty-five. go many popes died with
In the first year of their pontiicate
that their records would take up too
much space here. Since lhe time of
st Peter only nine popes have reigned
more than twenty years. No less than
thirty-six of the popes have died
in the year or month of their pontif-
cate corresponding to the number at
tached to their names. Alexander l.
was made pope when a mere youth.
He reigned eleven years. John II. was
20 years old at his election and
reigned four years and ten months.
Innocent III. was 80 years old. Greg.
ory II. was 35 years old. Leo X. and
Boniface TX. were about 80.
The Elbert County tribune., 1903-07-23

altar stone. Pope Eutychianus, 275.
introduced the offertory at the mass.
Plus V. directed that the gospel of st.
John, being a compendium of the chief
mysteries of the faith, should be re-
cited at the end of the mass. Ten
of the prefaces were prescribed by
Pope Gelasius. Urban H. added those
of the Blessed Virgin. Gregory the
Great introduced the "Kyrie' and the
Christie Eleison." Symmachus, 49s.
prescribed that the Gloria in Excel
sis" should be sung at the masses of
Sunday and festivals only.
Zephyrinus, 205. ordained that chal-
ices should be made only of gold or
silver. and Eusebius, 800, prohibited
the use of any fabric but white linen
for corporals-the covering OF the
chalice during mass. Marcellus, 304,
introduced the rites of burial with
lights and the chanting of psalms.
John XXII.. 1916. established the usage
of ringing the "Angelus' bell. Mel.
chiades prohibited fasting on Sunday.
Anicetus introduced the clerical ton
sure and Pelagius IL. the sixty-fifth
pope, esthpllsheu the law that all
clerics shall recite the seven canonical
hours, or "breviary,~ daily. Gregory
TX. prescribed the little bell that rings
at the time of the elevation OF the
host at the mass. Vigilius ordered
that the words of the conservation of
the mass should be said silently.
Gregory XI.. who died in 1878. was
the last French pope. Clement VII.
communicated Henry VIII. OF Eng
land for usurping the title, Head of
the Church" Alexander VI, the ia
nous Borgia. whose reputation present
day historians are rehabilitating, was
pope when Columbus discovered
America. Alexander ILL., abolished tilts
and tournaments in Europe Paul w.,
1869. instituted the Index OF Pro-
hibited Books" and the tribunal of the
lnquisition. His successor. Plus ".
established the Monies Pietatis." or
official pawnshops Boniface V. grant
ed the right of sanctuary to all per-
sons flying for safety to church.
The Elbert County tribune., 1903-07-23
BAsILIcA OF ST. PETERS.

that Of Stephen ILL.,, elected in 1862.
He reigned five years and was succeed
ed by his brother Paul |. The latter
was canonized. The other case is that
OF Benedict VIII. elected in 1912 and
succeeded twelve years after by his
brother John Xxx, who was pope for
nearly ten years.
Benedict ILL.,, S55. was the first pope
to assume the title Vicar of st. Pet
er." In the thirteenth century, how.
ever, this was changed to the present
style. Vicar of Christ" The usage
of kissing the cross on the pope's
slipper. which still obtains, was in
troduced in 772 by Adrian l. The first
pope to change his name on election
was Sergius H., S44 John has been
the name most frequently adopted.
There have been 23 Johns. 13 limo
cents. IA Benedicts. 16 Gregories. IA
Clements, 13 Leos. Pulses and s AL.
exanders. Pope Cletus, the third pope.
adopted the salutation since used:
Salutem ct Apostolicam Benediction.
em'-health and apostolic benedic-
ton.
valentine was only n deacon when
he was elected in S27. He lived a
month Celestine w., 1241, who lived
but few days was never crowned.
Celesune ". 1894. resigned and be.
came monk. The popes who were
not cardinals when elected are Nicho-
las H.. 1858; Callistus H., 11l9; Urban
w, 1851; Celestine ". 1894; Gallus
1862; Urban VI, 1873.
Clement ", 1905. was the first pope
to remove his residence from Rome TO
Avignon. The exile lasted seventy
years and for seven popes. The long
est interregnum between the death of
one pope and the coronation of his
successor was three years, after the
death of Clement w. in 1870.
Pope Telesphorus, ZAP, ordained
that Lent should begin on Septuagesi.
ma Sunday and Pope Gregory l.. the
Great. $50, introduced the ceremony of
putting ashes on the head on Ash
Wednesday. Linus, St. Peters sue.
cessor, prohibited women from enter.
The Elbert County tribune., 1903-07-23
SAID BY THE SAGE.

Throw physic to your neighbor's
dogs.
Telling your troubles only enlarges
them.
Seeds of discomfort will take root in
any soil.
Take life easy during the hot
weather and give the undertaken a
rest.
Marriage is feast-and the soup
is often more palatable than the des-
sert.
A successful revolution is sometimes
but turn for the worse.
married man should never talk in
his sleep unless he is sure of what
he is going to say.
A woman doesn't necessarily keep
boarders Just because she some
times boards train.
Every man is a fool at some period
Of his terrestrial career. but fortu-
nately he can't foretell the exact date.
The Elbert County tribune., 1903-07-23

Pope Hormisdas. who was elected
in 524. was widower when he en-
tered holy orders. He had a son
called SIlverius who succeeded him as
Pope in 537. silverius was martyred
and both father and son are venerated
as saints. Victor III. had also been
married before ascending the throne;
and so had Clement ". He had two
daughters and when his wife died he
became a Carthusian monk. There
are two instances In which brothers
succeeded each other. The first is
The Elbert County tribune., 1903-07-23
MERE OPINION.

The barking dog is never popular
We seldom hear of a woman marry
ing the son of her old sweetheart.
Some women will not care to remain
IL there are no fashionable dressmak-
ers in heaven.
The man who invented the cork
screw was ashamed to have his name
connected with 1t.
People who turn to look at prize
fighter merely exhibit the lingering
trace of sayagery.
In Paraguay gentleman is sup
posed to kiss every lady who is in
troduced to him. The gentleman of
Paraguay should be careful to steer
clear of strange ladies when his wife
is present.
The Elbert County tribune., 1903-07-23
in THE CHAIR OF ST. PETER
ng of euished Who Have Worn the
of Pope Plus Ia the
Longes n

ing church with uncovered heads.
Pope Vitalianus. about 659. introduced
organs in churches. He is said to have
been a talented musician. Pope olem-
ent, 9s, is believed to be the author OF
the canon OF the mass. Alexander l..
the seventh pope. prescribed that the
epistle and the gospel should be read
in the mass. Pope Felix l. ordained
that the mass should be said over the
tombs Of the martyrs, and that where
there were none, tnat relics of the
saints should be placed under the
The Elbert County tribune., 1903-07-23

Pope Leo XIII. the 263d successor
of st. Peter. Joachim Pecci. was born
Mt Carpineto in the diocese OF Anagni
on March 2. 1910; ordained priest on
Dec. 81. 1897: consecrated Titular
Archbishop of Damietta on Feb. IT.
1913; transferred to the see of,Perugia
on Jan. 10. 1876; proclaimed Cardinal
on Dec. 10, 1853; elected Pope on Feb.
20. and crowned on March 3. 1873.
The history of the popes shows that
of the long line 1876 have been Italians;
Syrians. Z; Greeks. 15; Africans. 3:
The Elbert County tribune., 1903-07-23
SOME FLORIDA PHILOSOPHY.


Mirth will warm the hart at
eighty.
Some men work assiduousiy. come
acidulously.
When man seeks advice he is sure
to expect praise.
When a blooded dog barks all the
ours are sure to join in.
Some men are so selfish that they
kick at their own Joys.
1t takes strong man to profit by
the mistakes of an enemy.
Worry during these days puts you
In close touch with the undertaken.
Many men love justice within their
own doors. while barring their neigh
boris
The man who plots the destruction
of others usually becomes a victim
OF his own scheme.
The spring poet has now taken up
his good old summertime position near
the free lunch counter.
Florida philosophy and a palm leaf
fan do not mix in glorious harmony
when the thermometer is at 80.
The boast of illustrious ancestors is
like the vine to the sweet potato
the other end is under ground-the
good part, too.
At thirty we are all trying to cut
our names in big letters upon the
walls of life: twenty years later we
feel inclined to shut up our jack
knives.
The good Lord will doubtless for
give any of his children if they should
thoughtlessly use little fire and brim-
stone in condensation during these
canine days.-Florida Times Union.
The Elbert County tribune., 1903-07-23
MANY WOMEN

Change their religious convictions
to suit association.
Insist upon telling you what you are
trying to say to them.
Make an effort to impress servants
with their importance.
Become bores by inordinately prais
ing everything they use.
Are liberal only when their own in
terests are not affected.
Show a bold front when caught in
case of false pretences.
Are sensitive to point which
makes them seem morbid.
Speak of man as though the world
had been made for them.
Allow themselves to fall into dis
agreeable moods by expecting toe
much attention.
Have a pleasant way of engaging In
a battle of banter with men.-Phila
delphia Bulletin.
The Elbert County tribune., 1903-07-23
ouIPs AND oUlRKs.

Durn the flies,
A train of thought Is apt to jump
the track
The dude owes his fine feathers to
the tailor's goose.
1t is a poor joke that won't stand
revamping every few weeks.
seme people avoid facts simply be-
cause they are stubborn things.
Kentucky needs schools, but not to
teach the young idea how to shoot.
One docsn't always have to go TO
the woods to find a jack-in-the-pulpit.
Health makes wealth for some. but
not for the physician and. the under
taker.
Thought welded to a Jingle. If IT
has the true ring. never knows d.
yorce.
Women admire a man with lots Of
sand-unless he happens to be the
grocer.
Nine books out of ten are read to
deaden rather than to stimulate
thought.
Something more than a knowledge
of human nature is needed to make
a man cynical.
Sympathy ought to be extended to
the Chinese women who are pleading
for larger understanding.
Just the moment you begin to real
ize that you have digestive organs
they begin to play out of tune.
What worries us is not so much
that our friends persist in looking at
a thing in the wrong light as that
they should be so blamed comfortable
about it.-Pittsburg Dispatch.
The Elbert County tribune., 1903-07-23
HOW OFTEN

Men stand by woman just because
other women condemn her.
Men show a spirit of unreasonable
ness over kindly word of advice.
There comes to a woman a feeling
that it is impossible to please men.
Men show more generosity toward
their fellow workers than women.
One meets with rebuffs because of
failure TO bow down to presumption.
Men make themselves weary by
combating opinions which mean moth
ing.
Men compel attention by utterances
which seem to have a double meaning
The force of circumstances impel o
woman to say things she does not
mean.
It has happened that women build
up false hopes on a mans words OF
praise.
A shadow will cause more alarm
than a substance.-Philadelp Bulle
tin.
The Elbert County tribune., 1903-07-23
POINTED PARAGRAPHS.

Character is the substance; reputa-
ton the shadow.
The flower of the family isn't al
ways college bred.
His satanic majesty must have
lot of branch Offices
Our faults are soon forgotten-if
known only to ourselves.
1t is better to have memory for
favors than memory for faces.
Take few swimming lessons be-
fore burning your bridges behind you.
II man has no reputation to lose
he can afford to ignore public opinion.
With the exception of lovemaking,
there are many new ways of doing old
things.
1t takes an experienced undertaken
to look solemn and conceal his salts
faction at funeral.
1t seems queer. but nevertheless it's
a fact that illness is often the result
OF drinking well water.
Just because two men have an un-
derstanding between them they are
not necessarily half-witted.
Law cannot make a man moral, but
1t can make him decidedly uncomfort-
able II he is tmmoral-Chicago News.
The Elbert County tribune., 1903-07-23
THINGS WOMEN SAY AND DO.

1t should be the ambition of every
woman to live up to her best photo
graph.
She who marrles for wealth sell,
her liberty and she who marries fol
love gives away her liberty.
In 1850 only one woman worked fol
wages. to every ten men; now the ra
ito is one woman to four men.
When women talk OF the proposals
of marriage they have had they are
as unreliable as men who talk of fish
and and hunting.
A lover who had been discarded by
his lady for another sued the faithlesi
fair one for the money expended or
her during the courtship. whereupor
she turned and married him.
The shah of Persia, who recently
dismissed 1910 of the 1,70O wives he
had in his harem, has commanded
state ministers to marry fifty of them
The rest have found husbands with
out his majesty's aid
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1903-11-28
A GRASSHOPPER RACE.
Won by John W. Mackay Because Pro
fessor Got Wrong Bottle.

From the San Francisco Call.
Mackay was an early riser, a hard work
er, and, although exceedingly hospitable.
was himself abstemious and could seldom
be induced to play cards for money, and
then for only nominal stakes. The only
game that seemed TO attract him was the
"grasshopper races" with which the mining
supertntendents on the Comstock beguiied a
portion Of the noon hour, while waiting for
luncheon at the Savage Company hoisting
house. Boys caught grasshoppers and sold
them to the players at 25 to 50 cents each.
Each player paid fixed stake, ranging
from 81 to $40. into the pool. and the man
whose hopper made the longest jump cap
tured the pool. On the day before Christ
mas 1t was agreed to celebrate that holiday
with a pool the stakes in which were to be
$1IJ for each player. The terms were play
or pay" and at the instance OF a German
professor who was a superintendent Of a
leading mine each man was allowed to use
any means that he might devise to stimu-
late his grasshopper. The professor was SO
full Of his scheme to scientifically capture
the thousand-dollar pool-for there were ten
entries-that he communicated 1t to a young
assayer, who was not a grasshopper plunger
The professor had experimental and ascer-
tanned that grasshopper who was touched
by feather dipped In a weak solution of
aqua ammonia would jump for his life The
young man also experimental and as a re-
suit he filled bottle of the same size and
appearance with cyanide of potassium and
managed to substitute 1t for the other In
the professors laboratory. The next day,
when the professor. after much boasting
about his scientific attachments. dipped
feather In the substituted bottle and
touched his insect with 1t the grasshopper
rolled over as dead as a salt mackerel
amid the roars of the crowd Mackay's
hopper won the big pool. and two widows
tI,<Aexo I.xCk ,<le-1 xol 49,.
low Jacket mine. received a gift of $500
each from an unknown source.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1903-11-28

astronomers are indebted TO an English
amateur. Mr.. Green He pointed out some
time ago that in drawing the vague boun-
dairy between two areas OF slightly differ
ent color. gray and orange, there was a
tendency to emphasize unduly the contrast
and to make the border darker than IL
should be. Following up this hint, NJ. An
toniadf has examined Schiaparelli's charts.
and finds that the distinguished italian has
intensified the shading In a large number
Of such places He Is convinced that fully
one-half Of the lines which have been IN
troduced into The most reputable drawings
of the Martin geography are the product
of physiological influences alone.
Mr.. Maunder brings to bear on the sub
ject another class of testimony. Expert
ments have been made with number of
selected school children. Charts which pur-
ported to represent the surface of Mars.
but which contained no canals" were
hung on a wall to be copied. Almost in
variably lines were put into the drawings
which had no precedent in the originals.
Some of these were introduced as borders
to family colored and indistinct tracts. thus
lending partial confrma ton to Mr.. Green's
theory. Others were drawn between well
defined spots. Finally there was a general
microscopic markings which had been put
into the charts with studied trregularity.
This last fact derives additional significance
when 1t Is learned that at least two
canals" usually represented as absolutely
continuous. break up into series of dots
under careful telescope observation.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1903-11-28

II this production. They are Nuremberg in
Bavaria and SanueherR near the 1hurin=

of this production. They are Nuremberg in
Bavaria. and Sonneberg. near the Thurin-
gian forest. In the little principally OF
Meiningen. The country hamlets surround
ing these cities are almost wholly associat-
ed with the industry. Fully four-fifths of all
the toys exported from Germany come from
Nuremberg and Stonneberg.
Germany's largest foreign customer for
toys Is Great Britain. and we are not far
behind. Last year we imported German
toys to the value Of s.. 707 .S02, and the i'm
ports of the United States and Great Brit
ain amounted to nearly three fourths Of the
German foreign sales. There are important
differences between the products of Nurem-
berg and Sonneberg. due to the different
materials used. Sonneberg and the towns
around 1T produce goods chiefly made of
wood and papfer mache. Hundreds Of skill
ed wood carvers and cabinetmakers are en-
pioyed in the small villages around Sonne-
pers In Hammern. for example, toy ships,
large and small. are carved by persons who
have never seen sea or even navigable
river.
Hobby horses are the chief product of Els
field Most OF the wooden guns are made In
Schalkau and Ehnet. Other towns produce
ratties, wagons, trumpets. whistles and
Noah's arks in great quantities. The little
village of Neufang arrays animals and
fowls in fitting furs and feathers. At least
twenty villages clustered around SonneberE
contribute to her toy Industries. Hundreds
OF women and girls in Sonneberg devote
themselves entirely to the making Of cloth
ing for dolls. which that city produces in
endless variety at prices all the way from
10 cents q dozen to s. each. Sonneberg
dolls. made chiefly OF papier mache are
gradually pushing wax dolls out Of the
market. as they are not fragile in struc-
ture nor sensitive to touch and climate,
which are the objections raised to the wax
products.
While Sonneberg uses almost exclusively
wood. paper. porcelain and glass. working
them UP into handmade toys in the homes
OF the operatives. Nuremberg uses princi-
pally tin and other metals. turning out tin
soldiers, swords. railroad trains. fleets mod
els OF machinery. ETC.. made in factories
equipped with all modern appliances The
result Is that far fewer persons are en-
ployed In the Nuremberg industry, for man
ual labor Is to a great extent supplanted by
machinery. Only about 2000 persons are
employed In Nuremberg and her sister town
Fuerth. but their factory product is enor-
nous. Nuremberg beats the world in the
production of tin toys.
Another center of industry Is the Erzge-
birge in Saxony. where the business is re-
markable for the perfection of some Of its
branches. Vast forests provide the home
industry with the necessary raw material.
Each village has its speciality. In Seifen.
for example. little animals are turned out
from wooden rings on the lathe so admira-
bly, that only a few finishing touches from
the carver are required. The goods are OF
fine quality and remarkably cheap owing to
the clever process of production.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1903-11-28
LAZY MANS PARADISE.
The Women Are the Workers in the
West Indies.

From the Kansas City Star
On market day In the West Indies thou
sands Of peasant women and girls can be
seen walking along the roads to the town
from their palm thatched huts in the noun
tains and woods. They carry on their
heads immense loads of bananas oranges,
vans plantains. brown sugar OF tobacco,
stepping along at the rate Of four miles an
hour with the gait of princess
Constant carrying of heavy loads gives
them splendid carriage. They will walk
forty miles to market to sell 30 cents
worth Of produce. Often they could sell the
same stun for a better price at their
homes. but they enjoy the merry company
on the read and the fun and gossip Of the
market place too much to give up their
weekly jaunt. Most people think such q
tramp hard work. but they regard 1t as a
picnic. Tramping along over rough noun
tain tracks. fordins swift rivers, Juggling
fractions mules in the way that they
should CO. these women never let their
loads fall. They could dance a Jig without
dropping them.
Meanwhile the men folk-who have not
even taken the trouble to SOW or harvest
are sleeping in the palm-thatched hut or
lying down in the yam patch outside and
smoking the strong native tobacco.
"On my estate" said a coffee planter to
an American friend, II employ about 600
people In the busy seasons. besides 200 or
800 children. The women outnumber the
men by more than two to one, and do far
better work. though they are only paid 10
cents a day, as compared with the mems
unfair. but 1t Is regulated by an IRON bound
custom"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1903-11-28
TOYS FROM GERMANY.
This Is the Time when They Pour
Into the Untted states,

From the New York Sun SSs-N'ii'
From September to the end of this month
is the time when the larger part Of the toys
we buy from Germany reach our ports
Most Of them come to New York and are
distributed by the wholesale houses to job
beers and retailers all over the country
Germany Is the largest manufacturer OF
cheap toys. Fully 5000 persons give all
their time to this industry. Enormous guam
titles are consumed at home. and the en-
pire exports gimcracks to the value Of over
$13OO0.O 600 annually
Most OF the raw materials used In the tn
dustry are produced In Germany. The one
product that has more to do with its de-
veiopment than any other IL the wood
grown in the forests of Bavaria, Thuringia
and the Erzgebirge. which II especially suit
able for toymakfng. Two cities are famous
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1903-11-28
Worked the Dey.
From Judge

FrOu Judge.
The Dey of Gazoolul was angry. Petu-
lantly hurting the gold brick to a far corner
of the throne room. he exclaimed:
And thus Is my confidence in humanity
imposed upon! Gold-bricked. gold-brickedI
What IL the world coming tor
your aititudinous excellency." inter
posed the court jester. with a sinister smile,
was 1t not but yesterday that the poet
laureate composed ballad setting forth
that this il a work-a-dey world?'
Ten minutes later hOwls from the rhyme
room told. that the court poet was getting
his.