davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The southern sentinel. (Winnfield, La.) 1883-1910, 1903-08-14
HISTORY OF GUNPOWDER.
SSidence That IL Was Used Long BE-
fore the Christian Era IL Direct
and Irrefutable.

With reference to the early use Of
gunpowder and firearms, long before
the popularity accepted, but erroneous,
date OF gunpowder discovery, Gen. Jo-
seph Wheeler, United States army,
In lecture short time ago before the
Franklin institute, remarked that in
many localities in China and India the
soil is impregnated with inter, and
the probable discovery of gunpowder
there, many centuries before the
Christian era, may be explained in this
way:
All cooking at that time was by wood
fires and the people lived in tents and
huts with earth for their floors.
Countless fires made of wood upon
ground strongly impregnated with nj
ter must have existed every day, and
when such fires were extinguished
portion of the wood must have been
converted into charcoal, some of which
would, of necessity, become mixed
with the inter in the soil. By this
means two Of the most active ingredi-
ents OF Aunpowder were brought to-
gether, and it is very natural that when
another fire was kindfed on the same
spot flash might follow. This would
lead to investigation, and then the
manufacture of gunpowder was con-
ceived. Whether this be true or not,
there is abundant evidence that the
origin of gunpowder and artillery goes
far back in the dim ages of the past.
The Hindoo code, compiled long be
fore the Christian era, prohibited the
making of war with cannon and guns
or any kind of firearms. Quintus Cur
titus informs us that Alexander the
Great met with fire weapons in Asia.
and Philostratus says that Alexander's
conquests were arrested by the use of
gunpowder. 1t was also written that
those wise men who lived in the cities
of the Gauges "overthrew their enc
mics with tempests and thunderbolts
shot from the walls" julius African
US mentions powder in the year 275.
1t was used in the siege of Constan-
tinople in 66s; by the Arabs in 600; at
Thessalonica in 904; at the siege Of Bel
grade, 1918; by the Greeks in naval bat
ties in 109s; by the Arabs against the
Iberians in 1l47, and at Toulouse in
1918. 1t appears to have been gener-
ally known throughout civilized Eu-
rope as early as 1900, and soon there
after it made its way into England,
where it was manufactured during the
reign Of Eliza beth, and we learn that
. few arms were possessed by the Eng
Hsh in 1910, and that they were used at
the battle Of Crecy in 1346.-Cassier's
Magazine.
The southern sentinel. (Winnfield, La.) 1883-1910, 1903-08-14
WONDERFUL MACHINE.
Blows Glass Better Than Men, and
VIII Drive Many WOrkmen
Out of Their Jobs.

The accompanying photograph is the
first ever taken of machine-ma6e win
dow glass in the world. These three
rollers were produced a few days ago
at the Alexandria Qnd.) branch of the
American Window Glass company's
plant, and where the Lubbers machine,
the first successful of many made, was
completed and experimental with un-
til perfected.
So perfect has this machine been
made that the company is risking mil
lions of dollars in the proposition to in
stall it in its II plants distributed over
the country, and dispense with hand
blowers entirely. The men were at
first skePtical when told that the ma
chine would destroy their trade, which
has yielded many of them $3.50 to 5000
per month; but they have at last been
forced to admit that it has been but too
true, and as a result many of the best
The southern sentinel. (Winnfield, La.) 1883-1910, 1903-08-14
BIZ DS AND ANIMALS
I'm the Lovely Month of June the Hap
piness of Their Home Life In
ut Its Height.

You will recall James Russell Low
ellis tribute to June, which begins with
those familiar lines:
And what is so rare as day in June?
Then. If ever. come perfect days"
These expressions also linger in our
memories: THE little bird sits at his
door," The high tide of the year"
and Everything is happy now" We
all agree with Lowell that everywhere
in June there is home-life and happi-
ness. And what a host and variety of
homes there are! We find them of
many forms and down in queer places.
Perhaps one of the gueerest is the
home of the switts inside a chimney at
the farmhouse. All day these soot-col-
ored little birds have been racing
through the air, twittering socially
and gathering insects for the little ones
in the many homes down in that big
chimney. Perhaps there may be as
many as thousand birds living in one
of these large, old-fashioned chimneys
"a bird village IN SCOT and smoke.
Did you ever see chimney swift alight
on a tree? Did you ever see him alight
anywhere? What persistent workers
they are!
Another family gathering that in
terests US is that of the poreupines
feeding on water plants at the pond
side by moonlight. Altogether fam
lily of dull wits we might call them. for
It would be difficult to find animals
more intensely stupid. But they prize
their pondside home, and wander
The southern sentinel. (Winnfield, La.) 1883-1910, 1903-08-14
HEROIC LITTLE NARY.
By Her SeIf-POsxessiOn Ten-Year-Old
Katie Murphy Saved l.er
Mothers Life.

Hear this story of little girl who
was as great hero as any grown man
could have been. She was Katie
Murphy. Katie was only ten years
old. but she had more knowledge and
experience of life than many a rich
girl twice her age has. That is the
advantage of being poor-if there are
any advantages. that is-you learn of
life in many phases. most of them
hard and unpleasant. But you learn
also to do things and take care Of
things and to think and reason in
some ways that you would never know
at all if you were rich.
Katie Murphy's mother was widow
with five children. Tommie and Char.
lie, aged eight and six, went to school,
while Katie stayed at home and took
care of Mary and Nellie, the little ones.
Mary was four; Nellie, the baby, was
two. Mrs. Murphy went out to work
every day, leaving home at seven and
The southern sentinel. (Winnfield, La.) 1883-1910, 1903-08-14

around among the shrubbery and climb
trees in perfect confidence that NO ami
NAL can easily drive them away from
their home. The mother porcupine
made her nest in some nearby hollow
log. The little ones. to the number
of two or three in each home, were
born early last month, and by this time
are able to go out with their mother
and seek food as she does.
Then there is that home in mid-air,
the nest of the Baltimore oriole. The
home surely looks enough like hor-
nets nest 20 deceive a bird of prey.
Some natur alists regard it as an ex-
ample of real protective mimicry."
In marked contrast to this bird home
swaying in even the slightest breeze
is that of the kingfisher, in a hole in
the solid bank of earth by the pond
side. Not far away from this bank,
down in the deepest water, is the fam
ily of the bullheads-in some localities
called catfish or horned pouts- How
fierce and persistent is the mother in
protecting her little ones! In spite Of
this little bulihead does now and then
disappear, and some perch swims of
less hungry than before.-St. Nicholas.
The southern sentinel. (Winnfield, La.) 1883-1910, 1903-08-14
REFORM BY SURGERY.
crate Lad Was TransfOrmed
Into . Useful Citisen.

London is just now much interest.
ed in two surgical cases, giving re-
suits in changing the nature Of the
subjects which promise to render val
liable assistance in pointing the way
TO the reformation of criminals. One
of the patients was a boy of good
family, who had developed brutal in
stincts which seemed to be beyond
control. He gave his time to the in
vention of malicious mischief, de-
lighted in killing or wounding, was
the terror of the neighborhood in
which he lived, and promised to grow
up q desperate and criminal. A clev-
er surgeon took him in hand, exam
ined his head with care, located what
he considered the seat of the trouble,
removed portion of the skull, and
thus relieved the deforming pressure.
The change was immediate. The lad
forgot his previous tastes and habits
and was restored to his parents q
normal and lovable boy, the complete
antithesis of his former self. The
other was a soldier who was injured
in a skirmish, and after his discharge
for disability became thief and bur-
glar. His previous character had been
unexceptionable, his military record
was the best, and the change was
naturally attributed to the injury to
his head, caused by blow from the
butt of a musket. When he was taken
in hand by the surgeons he had about
come to the end of a career of crime.
being paralyzed on one side and un-
able to get about except on crutches.
A depression in the skull sufficient to
bring an abnormal local pressure
upon the brain was found. and an OPP
GRAFTON was decided upon, which re-
stored his physical powers as well
as his mental and moral faculties. His
discharge was secured and he has
since lived an Industrious and honest
life. with no evidence Of disposition
to 70 wrong.-N. Y. Times.
The southern sentinel. (Winnfield, La.) 1883-1910, 1903-08-14
Snowfall in . P.rlsr.

There was an indoor snowstorm oD
= very clear, cold evening recently at a
narty given at Stockholm, Sweden.
Many people were gathered in single
-oor which became so warm as to be
The window sashes were
found frozen and pane of glass was
eroashed out. A cold air current rushed
= and at the same instant fakes Of
snow were seen to fall to the floor in
all parts of the room. Theatmosphers
was so saturated with moisture that
the sudden fan In temperature pre-
duced snowfau indoors,
The southern sentinel. (Winnfield, La.) 1883-1910, 1903-08-14
Y...t,.x - ~ Electricity.


A new method of discovering beds
Of ore hidden underground. in which
electricity serves for detective. is
said to have met with some success in
Wales and in Cornwall. A current Of
high potential-3o.o 900 or more volts
II led to two metal rods set in the
ground. From these. lines Of force
spread in all directions, and can be
detected by means Of telephone re-
ceiver connected with another pair of
metal rods, which may be placed in
any desired position. When no sounds.
or only very faint ones, are heard.
that fact indicates detection Of the
lines Of force. and by shifting the place
ot the rods the location of the metal
ite masses which produce the de9esti0a
~ ~ Determined.
The southern sentinel. (Winnfield, La.) 1883-1910, 1903-08-14

Ever since beginning the practice
Of law" said q Detroit lawyer. who
begged that his name be suppressed.
81 have made 1t q rule not to take
cases in which could not promise my
client a percentage of gain over my
fees. One day not long ago business
man came to me with request to sue
q debtor. found that it would cost
far more than could be recovered. and
told him so. He was indignant, and
left yowing to get lawyer to press
the case regardless Of expenses. A
few weeks later he came to me again.
WELL said he. 4 took your advice and
saved $3.50 by It. Now l want you to
take charge Of all legal matters affect
inst the Blank corporation. Your re-
tainer win be $1,000 per year. took
It, it II needless 70 say."-Detroit
Neua
The southern sentinel. (Winnfield, La.) 1883-1910, 1903-08-14
MAKES IT'S OWN LIGHT
Duoy, Invented BY . German Genius,
II Lighted by Direct Action
Of the Waves.

An inventor in Germany has pro-
posed q novel method of supplying
electricity to light a harbor buoy at
night. He dispenses with cable from
. power-house on land and generates
his own current by the rocking of the
buoy. The audible signals given by
bell buoys in fog are produced in the
same manner. The motion OF the
waves Tits the apparatus first in one
The southern sentinel. (Winnfield, La.) 1883-1910, 1903-08-14
Health In Strawberries.

The late discovery in Strawberries
Of salicylic acid, a specific in acute
rheumatism. has seemed to confirm
the idea that these berries are a de-
sirable article of food for rheumatics.
The effect of the fruit cannot be due
to the salcylic acid, however. as less
than the hundredth of q grain per
mound is found
The southern sentinel. (Winnfield, La.) 1883-1910, 1903-08-14

direction and then in the other and
makes the clapper strike at short in
tervals.
A full description Of the mechanism
employed in the new buoy is not yet at
hand, but one can easily fancy how it
il arranged. A small dynamo is oper-
ated by the motion of the apparatus.
and the current is first fed into a stor-
age battery, so that the supply to the
lamp may be kept uniform. If the
brilliancy Of this light varied with the
condition Of the sea the system would
be unsatisfactory. Hence it would not
do to lead the electricity, directly to the
lamp. 1t is said that experimentswith
the invention are already in progress
on the German coast.
The southern sentinel. (Winnfield, La.) 1883-1910, 1903-08-14

not getting back till six in the even-
ing.
Katie was one of those "little moth
ers" you have read of who have to
keep house and mind whole families of
children while their parents go out to
earn a living. She had never been in
the beautiful country and had never
seen grass except in city park, where
she only knew it was beautiful and
something she and her baby sisters
must keep off. But she knew how to
keep house in the fashion of very poor
people and how to mind the babies all
day. She loved them and devoted her
self to them. She had had so much
care and hard work in her life of lug
ging babies around that she did not
look like a child at all, but like tiny
woman with her pale face and serious
ways. And she was a real woman.
too, as you will find.
In the pleasant weather she took the
children to the park in the afternoon
and kept them till nearly six o'clock.
Then she trundled Nellie home in the
baby cart while Mary trudged beside
her. At home Katie lit the fame of
the gas stove, boiled some water and
made tea. all ready for poor, tired
Mrs. Murphy.
But one afternoon there was a pro-
cession and great crowd in the street,
so Katie could not cross with her baby
cart and little sister. She had to wait
so long that it was long past six ere
she reached home. In the hail at the
door of their tiny fat a frightful smell
of gas seemed to come from under the
Murphys' closed door. Katie knew
that was something dangerous.
-Stay by the baby" she said to
Mary.
Then she dashed into the outer
room. The gas fumes nearly suffocat-
ed her, but she sped ON into the
kitchen. Her mother lay unconscious
on the floor, with the gas turned full
on in the stove, but not yet lighted.
Katie herself nearly swooned, but she
knew enough to turn off the gas and
had just strength enough left to run
to the window and dash it open to let
the air in. She put her head out, took
. long, deep breath and screamed and
called with all her might for help.
Many a woman would have lacked the
level-headedness to do that, but Katie
had more presence of mind than half
the grown girls have.
People from the street and neigh
bors ran in in answer to her call. Some
threw open the other doors and win
dows, others lifted her mother and
one tore out for the doctor.
II was an hour before the MUSICIAN
brought Mrs. Murphy to conscious
ness. He told them that only Katie's
prompt action had saved her life.
Even half a minute more and 1t would
have been too late. Mrs Murphy had
been taken ill in the shop where she
worked and had come home in the
afternoon. Feeling very weary, she
Thought she would make the tea her
self. She remembered lighting .
match and turning on the gas-thae
was all. She must have tainted just az
that moment and fallen upon the floor.
The gas, flowing out, overpowered her
so she could not regain her senses, ana
.be would have been suffocated but foF
her heroic little daughter.
People could not say enough In
,raise of Katie. But as for Katie her.
self-well, as soon as the people ran
IN to look after her mother she went
h,ck at once to see the baby and Mary
and the gocart.-Cincinnati CONNER
cial-Tibune.
The southern sentinel. (Winnfield, La.) 1883-1910, 1903-08-14

A bacteriologist recently made mi.
examination of the wash.
incs from a woman's train worn on
the streets Of London, and found Il
to contain iRs72. 900 microbes Of dis
e~eA Il
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1903-02-22
gonce Of opinion as to the condition :

gonce Of opinion as to the condition OF
tho crop
All efforts to recover tho bodies OF
tho two unfortunate negro seamen with
In the past week or ten days have been
unayniling. These two men were both
knocked overheard from their vessels by
the glbbing Of a sail the accidents occur
Ing within four or five miles of each
other, IT Is generally conceded here
that tho bodies have been blown out the
river by tho heavy northerly winds and
carried out to sea by the force Of tho
current.
Tho oyster season is reported as quite
dull just at present--in fact, planters and
shippers complain q great deal of the dull
ness throughout the entire season. which
has made the market quite draSgy. Sew
eral OF tho planters have had quite
time getting rid OF cargoes shipped to
surrounding markets.
The monitor Puritan and her tender,
the Peoria, are again back IN tho har-
bor. The Lancaster, duo here IN tho
middle of the week. has not arrived as
YETI
Mrs, Sarah johnson, mother Of the we'll
known oyster planter. Mr., G. A, Johnson,
Ia still confined to the house with siok-
ness. Mrs. Johnson Is quite aged,
The liquor men have .quiety acquiesced
In the result of the late local option cleo
ton, contrary to opinions expressed by
some Of the anti-whiskey people. The
town Is dry-drier than ever before siace
jts foundation In 1000 s s3 N n a9i ssi a IA
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1903-02-22

tcrested In the SUCCESS OF the Texas tn.
BILE. The reception hours have been sx.
tended so that gentlemen can cali with
the ladies'.
Red and white will prevail In the color
scheme of decoration and Mrs. Blair Will
be assisted In the serving OF refreshments
mittee: Miss Nancy Cooke, Miss Char
lotte Yongc, Miss Mary Drewry, Miss
Agnes Mccarthy, Miss Edith Jones, Miss
Marianne Meade. Miss Stanley Atkins,
Miss Bowe. Miss JAMIE Wingo. Miss Ella
Binford, Miss Susie Harrison, Miss
Amelia Conlter and Misses Bridges.
These young ladies' will DO gowned in
red and white.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1903-02-22

The chairman OF the Solid South table
at the Confederate Bazaar is Miss Minnie
I;aughman; the alternatct Miss Elizabeth
t. Townes; the treasurer, Miss Isoine
Moses.
The committee includes. Miss Mamie
+. Heth. of Washington, d. c., Mrs.
Frank T. Crump. Mrs. Il. NJ. Emerson,
Miss Isabella Maury, Mrs. Robert White,
OF West Point, Va; Miss Julia Could
man. Miss Eleanor Tree, Mrs. Chles
Ferrall, Mrs. w. w. Read. OF New York,
and Mrs. Norman v. Randolph.
The members of the Junior Hollywood
Memorial Association are: Misses Anna
Boykin, Nellie Boykin. Annie Grey, Leila
Grey, Bessie Hill. Leila Hill, Annie
Biankcnship. Caroline Holiday, Maude
MckeEny, Mary Baughman. Cleveland
Randolph. Nora Randolph, Annie Maury.
Winfrcd Crenshaw. Grace Cunningham,
Annie Jacobs. Helen VIM. Misses Nash,
& Kate Christian, Amy Lyel, Ellis Glenn,
Matilda Jones. Annie Carlton. Nellie
Spence, Lucy Atkinson, Miss Kidd. Mrs.
George Tower and Mrs. Alfred Cary.
Those directing the California annex to
tho Solid South table are: Mrs. Sidney
NJ. Van Wyck. Miss N. c. Van wyck.
Miss Lucy Harrison, Miss Susie Harrison
and Miss Ellen Guigon.
Ladies assisting during different days
of the bazaar are Mrs. William Meade
Clarke, Mrs. Addison Holiday. Mrs w.
Chase Morton, Mrs. Thomas Jeffress.
Mrs. Mann s. Valentine, Mrs. Thomas
B. sno.t Mrs Gordon Wallace, Mrs. Ed
win p. Cox, Mrs 4. Crawford Reid, Mrs
George A. Lyon. Mrs. William N-cnc,
Mrs. Mary Walden. Misses Elizabeth
Rowland, Della Tompkins. Nellie Temp
kins. Ellen Blair Marie Lightfoot. sallie
Undertake. Lucy Christian. Margaret
IVinn, Roberta Ellcrson. Helen O'FerralI.
Julia Bidgood, Bessie selden. Daisy
Chamberlayne. Meta Randolph, Garlic
Minor. Mary Drake. Mary Mculton Char
lotte Miller. Anna Purcell. Mary Drewry,
Sue Gray. Rebecca Walker, Mary Hayes,
Helen Harris, Della Page, Resale Jones.
Katherine Watkins. Jean Knox, Lily Pc
gram Josephine Knox, Matte Christian,
Nora Leary. Ashley N. Miller, Katie
Elankenship. Kate Buford. Mary Buford,
Margaret Shields. Adair Minor. Matte
Minor. Matte Baskerville. Mary Ball,
Mary ". sydnor, Ellie Werth. Sara Baugh-
man. Hope Morgan, Avis Grant, Bessie
Walden, Helen Thalhimer, Flora Anthony,
Fannie Aiitteldorfer, Misses Cullen, Page.
Armlstead. Jeffress; Mrs. Sam Cohen, Mrs.
Max Cohen and Mrs. Arthur Levy.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1903-02-22

Tho instant n chilly sensation is fclt, uss
d Dr.. Humphreys ;" Seven y.scven,' and
pcrspration IL induced, This will break
UP your Gold.
Tho persistent use Of "77" breaks up
Colds That hang onAGrlp.
Humphreys Home opathlc Medicine CO.
Corner William and John Streets New
XnnlS ,
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1903-02-22
in YORKTOWN

Truck Farmers Anxious About Crop
ofEarly Peas.
(spcclal to The Tlmes;Dlspatch,)
YORKTOWN, VA, Feb, 21,-Solne of
the truck farmers who have about COM
pleted seeding the crop of early peus have
expressed q little anxiety In regard to
the effect OF the severe spell of cold
weather Just past. The seed has been
sown lust long enough to become In n
milky state the time when tho germ Is
Just beginning to gestate, and should the
frost extend into the earth far enough
possibly killed, Tbpre Ia q great diver
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1903-02-22
Richmond Minister'S.

Richmond Minister'S.
Tho final contest between those who
made the highest score at the whist
was played at No. 202 East Main Street
Thursday evening, Two Of the couples
who made top score at the tournament,
Mr.. and Mrs. Randolph Wexford and
Mr.. and Mrs. Fairfax Montague. were
not present. Players included Mr.. and
John Hun ter. Miss Florence Tyler and
Mr.. Fred Valentine, Mr.. II. A. Williams
and Miss Mary Jones, Mrs, Brock and
Miss Morson. Mrs Ben Palmer and Miss
Lulie. Miss F'urguson and Miss Adele
Williams, Mrs. Guest and Mrs. Waddill
a spirited game resulted in tie be-
tween Mrs. Palmer and Miss Lulle Will
Hams Mlss Ferguson and Miss Adele
Williams. At the drawing which was
necessitated, the whist buttons were won
by Mrs. Palmer and Miss Lulie Williams.
The tournament was an entire success,
and netted a sung sum for the bazaar
workers at the Kentucky table.
Executive Committee.
Mrs, Joseph Bryan, president OF the
Confederate Bazaar Association, requests
a meeting Of the Executive Committee
in the home Of Mrs. Stephen Putney, No.
92 West Franklin Street.
The Executive Committee Is composed
of the following ladies', Mrs N. v. Ran
dolph, Mrs, Archer Anderson, Mrs J..
Taylor Ellyson, Mrs. Stephen Beveridge.
Mrs. y. G. Minor. Mrs. E. D. Hotchkiss.
Mrs. x. s, VIM, Mrs. j, Finders Rob-
lnson, Miss Baughman, Miss Eleanor
Tree Miss lsolne Moses and Mrs. Edgar
D. Taylor
A Beautiful Reception.
Captain and Mrs. Louis Merrlman. Of
the United States army gave beautiful
reception at their home In Washington
last Thursday evening In honor OF Mss
Ruby Bodeker. The drawing rooms We're
beautifully decorated In pink and palms.
Mrs. Merriam received In q pink silk
with over-dress or Manila tissue, Worn
with diamonds Miss Ruby Bodeker, In
pink peau de sole and cut steel trimmings
and diamonds.
Mrs Frank Hood Schultz, In black
peau de solo, with light blue applique and
diamondsi Mrs, Robert Ahler, Of Long
Island, formerly Misc Helen Kemper. of
Virginia. In white silk and lace; Miss
Emma Clark, In White crepe and lace,
Those present were Captain Louis Mer-
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1903-02-22
MISS ANNIE LOUISE REINHARDT.

Cecil. Miss Mary Day VIM. Miss Lottie
McElroy. Mrs. Cary Doran Wingf1eld,
Miss Ida Louise Smoot, Miss Nellie Walk
ser, Miss Elizabeth VIM and Miss Mary
Willie Smoot.
Selections were from Beethoven. Chopin,
Bachman, Gounod Streabbog Rummell,
Lichner. Bach, Rubenstein, GODDARD and
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1903-02-22
TUFTS Pills
Cure All
Liver Ills.
Save Your Money.

One box OF TUFTS Pills Will save
many dollars In doctora' bilt
They will surely cure all direasea
Of the stomach, liver or bowels
No Reckless Assertion.
For sick headache, dyspepsia,
malaria. constipation and billions
less, q million people endorse
TUFTS LIVER PILLS.