davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Columbian. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1910, 1903-11-19
FASHIONS OF OTHER DAYS.
Decorations Were Started Before Gar
ment Was Cut Out,

On taking the other day birds eve
view of collection of old English
garments of the eighteenth century
we noticed particular lack OF real
lace and the use of very homely trim
ming in smart feminine attires. Round
the elbow sleeves of a dress Imply
hung two frill9. consisting of straight
hands Of cane stitch knotted with lis
or mohair wool. In another instance
the frills were formed with borders
Of crotchet work in the elementary
open stitch with scalloped edgings in
probably fine Shetland wool. This
modest British style of knitting
strangely contrasts with the snowy
work of Italian women of about the
same period. who used to put their
pride in reproducing with the smooth
knotted work the glorious designs OF
some Of the Southern brocades, SHIN
mering with gold thread. With this
rich tinsel the knitter was wont to de.
pict her pattern on a dark silk ground,
which, like the powdering, was in
plain knitting for dressy mems waist
coats, ladies' tight fitting Jackets and
loose canes. Across two handsome
gowns run two straight or slanting
lines of Sits nearly two inches long,
with raw edges save in one case, when
they appeared to have been slightly
crimped. Climbing plants in natural
colors were then also lavished both by
the painter and the embroiderers all
over the most fashionable garments.
Their lovely effect was generally mar
red by unsightly breaks resulting from
seams and cores ~ the dressmaker,
an evident proof t.-..r workers of that
period did not consider It necessary
to have the dress cut out before start
Ing with their decoration.-Queen.
The Columbian. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1910, 1903-11-19
MARINE BAND MENAcED.
Famous Naval musicsl Organization
May lie Forced to the wall
by Union Labor.

The famous Marine band. after an ex-
istence Of 100 years, may be forced TO fall
to pieces. The Federation Of Musicians,
having affiliated with the American Fed
Grafton OF Labor, attempted last year to
set a resolution through congress the ef-
feet Of which would have been to forbid
any member OF the Marine band to play
ht any performance in civil life for pay.
The resolution failed, but the musicians,
with the backing Of the Federation OF
Labor, are going to try It again next
year.
The unions object to the Marine band
because its members are employees Of the
government, but Lieut.. Santelman says
that OF 27 members OF the local musicians
union, which instigated the war on the
band, II are government clerks drawing
The Columbian. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1910, 1903-11-19

to resist or throw off other diseases.
Men and women who are sick are In
vited to consult DIR. Pierce, by letter, free,
and so obtain without charge the opinion
of specialist on their ailments. All oor-
respondenee strictly confidential. Ad-
dress DR.. r. v. Pierce, Buffalo, N. ".
uPor the past two years have been very
sick woman" writes Mrs. chesisy, OF los Wood
land Ave, Cleveland. Ohio. NJ tried medicines
from doctors and to no avail. At last decided
to try Dr. Pierce's Golden Medical Discovery.
when I started was all rundown and had q
very unpleasant taste Id my mouth. Was
checked up, aud at times Il was very hard for me
TO breathe. l had severe headaches and cutting
pains in my knee joint. Was so weak could
not attend to my work nor walk up or down
stairs without the assistance OF my brother or
some friend. am now taking the fourth bottle,
and am happy to say feel like myself again.
can 20 up and down stairs and perform my
duties as well as any one. Everything seems to
be brighter aud l can assure you that life V
worth living-
Accept no substitute for "Golden Med
icsl Discovery" There is nothing just
as good for dyspepsia or debility.
Biliousness is cured by the use Of DR..
Pierce's Pleasant Pellets.
The Columbian. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1910, 1903-11-19
PIT BROW WON EN-.
They Work Like Men. But Get Less
for Their Labor

for Their Labor.
Pit brow women are among the
most remarkable women workers in
the world. They work as hard as men
and dress almost like them. Five
thousand OF these women find en-
ployment In Lancashire, England. in
the coal mines. Their work lies on
the pit brow at the surface, and not
down below. Once women were en-
ployed in the coal seams, hut in 1912.
In the face of great opposition from
colliery owners, an act was passed pro.
hibiting women and children from be-
ing employed below the surface in coal
mines.
At present the duties OF the pit brow
women consist in dealing with the
coal as 1t comes up the shaft to the
pit head. When the cargo reaches
the top they haul out the wagons.
which contain several hundredweight
OF coal each, and run them on the rails
to sort Of tipping machine. which
shoots the coal down below the screen
of the riddling machine. Among the
other duties Of the women Is the lev.
cling OF the coal on the wagons which
receive It as 1t drops from the screen.
They start work at g O'Clock in the
morning and finish at in the after
noon. They receive two shillings or
less a day. and men tNat do tae same
work get four shillings. Their
costume consists OF trousers and clegs
and often enough a cape which has at
one time been worn by brother
When going to and from work the
girls and women wear petticoats, which
they roll up around the waist while
engaged on the pit brow. The hair is
closely covered with handkerchief.
on top of which is a soft bonnet-Ex-
change.
The Columbian. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1910, 1903-11-19

at Washington.)
more than 81 900 a year each and the
pay OF some Of them runs up to 81, 900 a
Sear.
There Is not foreign government
which does not permit its crack bands
10 take concert engagements and 60 on
tours" said Lieut.. Santelman. Many OF
the famous bands OF the world have
visited America and have been received
with ovations by our people, but when
ever have desired to play an engagement
in or outside Of Washington have been
met with a storm of protest from local
musicians unions. Why do not the
unions object to foreign bands that come
over here and play long engagements
They do not But they object to our or
ganization, though we are the repre-
sentatives of the United States govern
ment. carrying the flag Of our country
with us in the best sense"
Some time ago the musicians Of the
Marine band applied for membership in
the local musicians union. Their ap.
plications. fees, ETC.. were returned tc
them without any explanation. It ap.
pears that the Federation OF Musicians
has clause in its bylaws which forbids
members to play with any enlisted mar
lof the United States army or navy.
The Columbian. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1910, 1903-11-19
TAKES GLOOMY VIEW.
Ex-senator Reagan of Texas Thinks
the Days of the Republic
Are Numbered.

Hon. John H. Reagan. who stated IN
q speech recently delivered in his home
state that the United States is destined to
become a monarchy, has been a confed-
crate congressman, United States con.
gresham and a United States senator
from Texas. He was born In Tennessee,
October 8, 1918, served In the Texan war
against the Indians. became q judge, and
later was postmaster general and secre-
tary OF the treasury Of the confederacy.
After the close Of the war between the
states he was held prisoner Of war for q
time, but upon his return to Texas was
elected to congress and served as United
States senator from 1875 to 1887. He /,
the author Of the interstate commerce
The Columbian. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1910, 1903-11-19
NYE'S FIRST ENGAGEMENT.
How the Humorist introduced Himself
to Major Pond.


The late Major Pond managed Bill
Nye for several lecture seasons, but
their first meeting was rather infor-
NAL. Nye was one day walking down
Fourth avenue with friend, when he
sped the Majors modest sign in the
window of the Everett House.
Here's the man that incites the
lecturers" said Nye; lets go in and
see if we can't induce him to lead a
better life"
Entering, Nye removed his hat and
ran his hand over the hairless eX-
panse of his head and after staring
about for a moment said:
This is Major Pond, | believe"
YES, sir. What can | do for you?'
answered the Major.
81 want to get job on the plat.
FORM returned Nye.
"Ah-yes," said the Major slowly,
Have you had experienceY'
We'll. I've been before the public
for a couple of years"
"Yes May | ask in what capacityT'
1--WE been with Barnum. Sat con
cealed in the bottom of cabinet and
exhibited my head as the largest os
trich egg in captivity y"-Saturday
Evening Post.
The Columbian. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1910, 1903-11-19
impeachment to Plain Speaking.

Senator Berry, of Arkansas. is one
of the story tellers of the Democratic
cloak room.
"Down in Pike County" he said,
I'VE had trial attended once where
a man named Johnson was on the
stand. Johnson was for the defense,
and the way he was setting things
straight was a caution.
"'Here,' said the attorney for the
prosecution when he took Johnson in
band 4 want you to stop preyarlcat'
ing. Don't you know you are under
oath?'
"'Stop whatY asked the witness.
"'Stop preyaricating.'
"The witness drew himself up with
great dignity. Well he said, I'd like
10 know how man can help prevar'
catin' when he's lost two front
;eeth. Saturday Evening Post.
The Columbian. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1910, 1903-11-19
Criminals Ewes.

4 Russian savant lays claim to a
discovery for detecting criminals. Ac-
cording to NJ. Karloff, the scientist in
question, you can tell a criminal by
the color of his eyes. Murderers and
thieves have maroon or reddish-brown
eyes, tramps light blue. and so forth.
NJ Karloff has classified eyes into
families, and has drawn up rules
which he declares to be infallible.
Honest folk have dark gray or blue
eyes.-London Globe.
The Columbian. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1910, 1903-11-19
Cake.Makina Recipes.

To have your cake fine grained beat
thoroughly after the -four is added.
Sweet milk makes heavy cake, sour
milk makes light, spongy cake.
The smaller the cake, the hotter
should the oven be. Large, rich cakes
require slow baking.
When cake cracks open while bak'
ing, the recipe contains too much
flour.
Grease cake pans with lard or drip
pings, as butter is likely to make the
cake stick on account of the salt In 1t.
The Columbian. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1910, 1903-11-19

lace, beading threaded with ribbon and
fancy stitches executed in black silk !;
but the design is a simple one and can
be utilized for washable fabrics as
well as for the pretty woods and sim
pie silks that are in vogue for gar
ments of the sort.
The jacket consists of fronts, backs
and side backs and is finished at the
neck with the wide cape-collar. The
sleeves are in bishop style and are
gathered into straight cuffs at the
wrists.
The Columbian. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1910, 1903-11-19
WOMAN'S MORNING JACKET.
The Design is Simple and Can Be UtiI.
ized for Washable Fabrics.

Capes or cape collars mark the sea-
sons simpler garments as well as
those of formal wear. This stylish
yet simple morning jacket includes
one Of exceedingly graceful shape and
to be commended both from the stand
point Of style and comfort. AS shown
It is made of blue challie, figured with
black, and Is trimmed with frills of
The Columbian. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1910, 1903-11-19
MANAGER WANTED.

Trustworthy lady or gentleman to manage
business in this County and adjoining terri.
tory for we'll and favorably known House of
solid financial standing. $1,000 straight
cash salary and expenses, paid each Monday
by check direct from headquarters. Ex
pense money advanced; position permanent
Address Manager, 6Io Monon Building
Chicago, I'll. 9-Io ISt
The Columbian. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1910, 1903-11-19
Doctored Nine Years for

letter. MI James Uaston, meflhant,
of Wilkesbarre, Pa, writes: "For nine
years have been dshgured with letter on
my hands and face. AT las; have found a
cure in DIR. Agnew's Ointment 1t helped
me from the first application, and now am
permanently cured."-34
Sold by c. A. Klein.
The Columbian. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1910, 1903-11-19
cinnamon.coated Pills.

DIT. Agnew's Liver FlIIs are coa'ed Ike a
cinnamon drop. very small and delightful to
take One pill dose, a. in a val for 10
cents. Their popularity is a whirlwind,
sweeping competitors before it like chaff. No
pain, no griping, no inconvenience. SO.
Sold by G. A. Klein.
The Columbian. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1910, 1903-11-19
Heart Disease Relieved ir
80 Minutes DIR. Agnew's cure 70

the Heart gives perfect relief in all cases of
Organic or Sympathetic Heat Di'ease in 80
minutes, and speedily effects cure. 1t is
peerless remedy for Palpiration, Shortness of
Breath, Smohering spells, Pain in left side,
and all symptoms of Diseased Heart. One
dose convinces.-35
Sold by c. A. Klein.
The Columbian. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1910, 1903-11-19

There are twenty-seven hundred
actors and actresses III New York
City looking for Jobs. There are
quite number of would-be's" in
Bloomsbury.
The Columbian. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1910, 1903-11-19
In Heart Disease 1t works

like magic.-" For years my grea'est
enemy was Siganc Heart Disease From
uneasiness and palpi,aton it developed into
abnormal action, humping, lutteriug and
choking sensations DIR. Agnew's Cue for
the Heart gave instant relief and the lad
symptoms have entirely disappeared. 1t is a
wonder.worker. REV. l.. 5. Dana, Pitts
burg, Pa.--35
Sold by {. A. Klein.
The Columbian. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1910, 1903-11-19

A woman is not necessarily bandit be,
cause she holds up a rain.
The Columbian. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1910, 1903-11-19

There is one role that every actor is fond
OF, and that is the pay roll.
The Columbian. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1910, 1903-11-19

No, Maude dear the cowcatcher is not
confined TO lattle trains.
The Columbian. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1910, 1903-11-19

The man who would keep his friends mus
occasionally forsake the truth.
The Columbian. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1910, 1903-11-19

LET Me SAY I have used Ely's Cream
Balm for catarrh and can thoroughly rec.
ommend it for what it claims. Very truly,
(Rev) II. w. Hathaway, Elizabeth, N. ].
Tried Ely's Cream Balm and to all ap,
pearances am cured of catarrh. The terrible
headaches from which | long suffered are
gone..-W. J. Hitchcock, late Major U. S.
VOL and A. A. Gen., Buffalo, N. Y.
The Balm does not irritate or cause sneez
ing. Sold bv druggists at so cts. or mailed
by Ely Brothers. SO Warren St., New York
| ife's April Shnuers nf,an fnlio,, . ,,,ol
The Columbian. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1910, 1903-11-19
DECEMBER JURyMeK

: the list.
GRAND JURORS
C.. T.. Ad ms, Briar Greek.
Henry Bardo; Greenwood.
John Chanberlln, Madison.
l.. j. Clewell, Berwick.
B. +. Fritz, Jackson.
II. G.. Greenly, Madison.
Philip Gaughan, Conyngham.
B. A. Gidding, Bloom.
Edward NJ. Holmes, Bloom.
Henry Jones, Berwick.
James Kerrigan, Conyngham.
Henry u. Keller, Fishing Creek.
Emanuel Lazarus, Bloomsburg.
George l.. Mumey, Catawissa TwI
Theodore Mericlc, Bloomsbury.
Daniel O'Neil, Bloom.
j. B. Patterson, Bloom.
Josiah T., Roberts, Catawlssa Bore
NJ. +. ID. Scanlin, Bloom.
Sylvester Sitter, Centre.
T.. T.. Straub, Conyngham.
James Trump, Orange Twp.
John Vance, Mt. Pleasant.
George ID. Iost, Benton Boro.
TRAVERSE JURoRs-First Week.
T.. w. Alexander, Benton Boro.
Miles Ii. BetI, BlOOnl.
Charles Burt, Briar Creek.
Lewis Beishline, Fishing Creek.
ASA Deily, Hemlock.
&. Il. Dennis. Centre.
John Donahue, Centrala Boro.
A, G.. DeSheppard, Bloom.
IL. ID. Edgar, Bloom.
Seely Edwards, Benton Twp.
Elias Ernest, Cleveland.
Charles Eyer, Orange.
w. :. Fisher, Main.
Jacob Fought, Pine.
George Fenstermacher, Berwick.
Ransloe Fister, Orange Boro.
Albert Gibsons, Berwick.
:. j. Harrison, Fishing Creek.
John Hampton, Catawissa Twp.
:. NJ. Hess, Bloom.
Eli Krum, Montour.
X. G.. +. Kshinka, Briar Creek,
Charles Lee, Scott.
Thomas j. Mcclure, Conyngham.
John G. McHenry, saltwater.
Frank Marteena, Berwick.
w. ID. Meyer, Bloom.
G. w. Miller, Centre.
Theodore Mendenhall, Pine.
John X. Mordan, Mt. Pleasant.
Emanuel Mauser, Main.
John Mensch. Montour.
G. B. Meyers, Benton Twp.
j. ID. Potter, Pine.
w. +. Rhodes, Conyngham.
Frederick Rice, Roaring Creek.
jacob Rider, Pine.
a. J. Robqins, Centre.
Ireas RingrOse, SCOTT.
B. +. Rice, Scott.
George Ruckle, Centre.
Clinton Sterling, Bloom.
w. a. Snyder, Scott.
G. a. Tubbs. Benton Boro.
II. ID. Wenner. Fishing Creek.
Hiram w. Williams, Berwick.
Geo w. Yetter, Catawissa Boro,
Ira Zeisloft, Madison.
TRAVERSE JURoRs-Second Week.
w. A. Butt, Benton Boro.
G. ID. Bowers, Catawissa Boro.
j. S. Blue, Bloom.
Joseph Crawford, Orange.
David Coff'man, Bloom.
b. G. Deittrick, Berwick.
William Dildine, Madison.
Eugene Doty, Berwick.
J. Harry Dean, Berwick.
Henry II. Deighmillcr, Hemlock.
Peter o. Eddinger, Main.
p ID. Erwin, Catawissa Boro.
Allison Essick, Madison.
/. B. Geiger, Bloom.
Samuel :. Borlacher, Beaver.
Fred Hartman, Bloom.
Dillman Hess, Briar Creek.
A. II. Henrie, Mifllin.
William Johnston, Millville.
J. II. Keim, Scott.
Harry T.. Kearn, SugarlOaf.
Marvin Kline, Greenwood.
Clarence Lenhart, Berwick.
Thomas b. Moore, Bloom.
Franklin Meyers, Sugarloaf.
p. w. Miller, Catawissa BOro.
j. w. Perry, Sugarloaf.
Barton 7. Pursel, Bloom.
Il. c. Smith, Jackson.
Baltis Sterling, Madison.
Gilbert Shuman, Main.
G. u. Schlicher, Beaver.
l. w. Smith, Mitfiin.
l.. G.. Shultz, Pine.
Harry Townsend, Bloom.
James Williams, Centre.
The Columbian. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1910, 1903-11-19

bill, which, modified by amedments by
Senator Cullom, of Illinois, is still IN
force. Judge Reagan made his now IA
nous remark about the retrogression OF
popular government in this country in
connection with an argument against the
division of Texas into four states, privi
Ilege which was accorded to it when It was
admitted to the union. He wants Texas
to remain one great state 30 that when
the collapse he fears shall come it will
be strong enough to perpetuate its ex.
istence as an independent republic.
The Columbian. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1910, 1903-11-19

I.ife's April showers often follow wed
ding march.
The Columbian. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1910, 1903-11-19
TNE CAMEL'S HEAD.

oWhere the camels head goes his
body follows" says ali Oriental proveroo;:
IT'S the same way with disease. a sinal,
opening will give II an entrance ana ana
when disease once has place IN the
body large number of ills may follow IT,
The Columbian. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1910, 1903-11-19
LIEUT.. SANTELMAN.

director Of the United States Marine Band
at Washington.)
The Columbian. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1910, 1903-11-19

Golden Medical Discov-
cry axes the weak
stomach strong. II cures
diseases OF the stomach
and other organs Of di-
gestion and nutrition,
and go enables the BODY
The Columbian. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1910, 1903-11-19

ened by lack OF
nutrition, and
disease attacks
the heart, liver,
lungs, kidneys
and other organs.
DR., Pierc e's
The Columbian. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1910, 1903-11-19

The opening for disease |,
Is often found in a weak"
stomach. When tn c
stomach is vweak " the
body also becomes weak
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1903-08-13
IMPOSING CEREMONY.
Rev. John M. Farley Is Invested With
the PaIIum.

Rev. John M. Farley Is Invested With
the PaIIium.
New York, August 12.-With all the
ceremonial which the Roman Catholic
church assumes on festal occasions,
the Most Rev. John M. Farley, arch
bishop of the New York diocese, was
invested with the pallium at the hands
Of the Most Rev. Mgr. Diomedes Fal.
COMO, apostolic delegate to the Unit
ed States in ST. Patrick's cathedral to.
day.
Every effort had been made to en-
hance the dignity and splendor Of the
ceremony. The cathedral itself emerg-
ing from the solemn mourning it wore
fortnight ago for the late pontiff Leo
XIII, was decorated with flags.
The priests and laymen composing
the guard of honor assembled in the
diocesan house and marched to the
arch episcopal residence, where the
prelates joined them.
When Archbishop Farley, after the
march from the arch episcopal resi-.
dence, reached the main entrance of
the cathedral he was met by the Rev.
Father N. ]. Lavelle, rector of the ca.
thedral, who presented a crucifx to
him to kiss. He was also blessed
with holy water and incense.
The procession then passed down
the middle aisle and when the main
altar was reached the choral of recep.
tion was sung and the archbishop took
his seat on the throne.
After pontifcal mass, celebrated by
Bishop John ]. O'Connor, of Newark,
and a sermon by Bishop B. J. Nc.
Quaid, of Rochester, the papa1 bull of
appointment was read by Father La.
velle. Then came the receiving of
the papal blessing, the imposition of
the pallium by Mgr Falconio, assist.
ed by Rt Rev. Mgr. John Edwards,
an address by the clergy, an address
by the laity and a reply by Archbishop
Farley.
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1903-08-13
LOBBY INVESTIGATION.
House Hears With Amusement Sum.
mary Bribery Charges.

Atlanta, August 12.-In the house
Of Representatives just before the ad-
jouynment of the afternoon session
special joint committee appointed to
investigate the charges of lobbying
In the general assembly.
Great interest was manifested in
the report, and when Chairman John
M. Slaton, of the committee ON the
part of the house, presented it as "the
report of a privileged committee" the
conversation that had been general
on the floor during the passage of
senate bills ceased and every member
listened intently to the reading of
tn epaper by Clerk John T. Boifeuillet.
Special interest was manifested In
that portion of the report which dealt
with the testimony of Representative
w. D. Mills, of Cherokee, relative to
the offer of $500 for his influence
against the child labor bill, and an
other time what amounted to an of.
fer Of 800 If he would change his vote
for speaker. This was the only evi.
OSuCS dS 10 CIImludl lobbying WHICH
the committee found, and owing to the
fact that none of the guilty parties
could be identified by Mr.. Mills or
others, the committee made no recon-
mendation regarding 1t. Some amuse.
ment was manifested on the part of
the members during the reading of
this portion Of the report, and there
was at times considerable indulgence
in laughter.
At the conclusion of the reading of
the report Representative E. r. one,
Of Dougherty, moved that an appro.
priation Of 80 cents be made from
the treasury to pay the expenses OF
discovering the party who had attempt.
ed bribery of one of the members,
and who, he was sure, from statements
made, was none other than Brown
Allen, the man connected with th5
VIII Myers murder case, who was
never discovered
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1903-08-13
Get Tobacco Rebate Money.

Birmingham, Ala, August 12.-About
$4,000 will be distributed to tobacco
dealers In Alabama this week, and OF
this amount about $4,000 will go to
dealers in Jefferson county. Collec.
tor of Internal Revenue Joseph O.
Thompson yesterday afternoon receiv.
cd warrants from the commissioner of
internal revenue in Washington for
the rebate tobacco claims for Alabama
persons. This is the refunded tax on
tobacco, the war revenue tax having
been abolished a yaer ago. A number
of large wholesale firms in the state
will receive over 100000. The war.
rants are being mailed by the collector
to the different firms.