The daily morning journal and courier., 1903-06-11
BIG FIND IN PERU.
DIR. MAX UHLE UNEARTHS
 PROOFS

or an Ancient Two Thou- sand Years Before Incas-ExpedItiOn Sent Ont by Mrs. Phoebe Hearst Re- turus With Rich ColIectiOn Of Anti quities.
 The expedition conducted by Dr. Max Uhle for the purpose of exploring the prehistoric remains of Peru has re- turned to California, bringing several loads of interesting spells from the palaces and tombs of the land of the Incas, says the San Francisco Exami- ner. By far the most valuable of these are the proofs, incontestable, of high ly evolved civilization ante-dating by at least two thousand years any hither- to discovered traces of social develop rnent in that part of the world.
 Civilization of the Incas sinks into comparative insignifcance in the face of these finds, and there are distinct traces of layer after layer of superim- posed civilizations, some of which are actually degenerate when compared with others which have preceded them.
 Dr. Uhle, who is one of the best known of modern archaeologists and a distinguished scholar of the univcersi- ties of Leipsic and Goettingen, was kind enough to explain some of the most striking results of his two years of labor in the interior of Peru.
 Our investigations" he said. have brought us to place in the history of the inhabitants of the, country at least two thousand years anterior to the time Of the Ineas. who were the domi- nant covilization at the time of the Spanish conquest, when Peru was opened up to the modern world.
 "One of our most interesting finds was a palace in the Valley of Pisco which was the best preserved very an- cient ruin which we discovered. It was really settlement with a great central square or patio, and all around this open space were palaces of large size which bespoke high degree of civili zation and comfort for their inhabi- tants.
 '"The roofs of these palaces were missing. but the colors with which the walls were adorned were perfectly fresh and bright and the designs easily distinguished. These people had good taste. as is clear from the fittings of their abode, and they were fond of na- ture, for their terraces are made for overlooking the surrounding country, o,,I x1rith Rno Lal, e%r
 Glass distinctions were evidently. strong among them, and the upper classes were separated from the com mon people, as is seen from the fact that the chiefs possessed the exclusive right to year gold and silver orna- ments. which becomes very evident from an examination of the graves.
 Above the Valley of Pisco stands great palace of the Sun. It is a build ing made of blocks of stone so cut that they fit closely one into the other, thus leaving no. place for the proverbial knife to pass. The interstices were filled probably with clay, which, having dried out, has left the stones standing, and it is clear that the spaces between the larger stones were very exactly filled with smaller ones.
 T brought back about one thousand dollars worth of gold ornaments, which were found for the most part in graves at depth of five to six meters. <'In connection with this work consid- erable excavation was necessary, and I kept a force of twelve or fifteen men constantly employed. These excava- tions were carried on with the appro- val of the Peruvian government, which gave us full permission to excavate on government lands and took a kindly in- terest in our work.
 Our excavation Of the tombs of the Chincha chiefs produced fine results as we obtained splendid ornaments of gold, silver and copper, some of these being most delicately inlaid with turquoise. The shapes of these ornaments were very like those made by the Indians and were evidently the work of an in- digenous people"
 Dr. Uhle showed many silver vessels obtained from tombs, large round silver dishes closely resembling in shape some modern kitchen tinware. All of those belonged to a period antedating that of the ,II1cas, which may be said to have begun at about the year HOO of our era.
 This" said Dr. Uhle, showing piece of tapestry, belonging to one of the earliest periods. The material was a sort of very fine wool, probably the wool of the llama, and the design on it was in blue, red and yellow. It repre- scented a man and a condor. and, in spite of the queerness of the work, was in certain sense spirited and so far artistic.
 That piece of work is at least nearly three thousand years old, and it has lain in the. open ar--it is impossible to say for how long-exposed to the rain and the sun: and. as you cam see. the colors axe just as fresh and clear as they ever were"
 And surely enough the bright tints of the design gleamed out in brilliant con- trast with the brown skulls and disor- derly debris of tombs with which the great table was filtered and in the classification of which the explorer is at present busy.
 Scepters, evidently the mark of dig nifty, were found in large numbers, sticks with a projection at the top cov- cred generally with gold beaten fine or occasionally with silver. These held together by reason of the metal cover