davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1903-12-26
The Importance of Americas Cotton Production

of the humble farmer, that man is
marshaled under. flag that will COM
pei the allegiance OF the world and
wiring a subsidy from every nation on
earth. II is the heritage that God
gave to this people forever as their
own when he arched our skies, estab-
lished our mountains. glrt us about
with the ocean, loosed the breezes, tenn
pered the sunshine and measured the
rain. ours and our childrens forever.
AS princely talent as ever came from
his hand to mortal stewardship"
Expressed in colder statistical for
mula, Mr.. Gradys apostrophe may be
reduced TO the following facts;
Thirteen southern states of the Unit
ed States produce about so per cent
of the worlds cotton consumption, the
annual value OF the crop thus produced
being about $500, 100000. 1t is the third
most valuable crop produced in the
United States. From II there Is spun
and woven 80 per cent of the cotton
fabrics worn by the civilized world,
and, next TO food, cotton has become
the most essential requirement Of So
clety.
The cotton exports from the United
States for the past ten years have fur
nished two-thirds of the balance of
trade In favor of the United States.
and without this crop America would
doubtless have been debtor instead of
a creditor nation at the worlds clear
ing house.
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1903-12-26

and the telegraph tolls is probably fully
equal to the commissions, and the cotton
trade Is therefore confronted with an an
nual first charge of at least $50 900, 900.
which must be paid before SPECTATORS
as whole can profit, How easily this
charge can be borne In such year as
the present is, however, quite apparent
when II Is realized that the advance re-
Gently established of about $40 per bale
Is equal to a profit OF s1O0,000,000 on
this years production OF American cot
ton and that the extreme variation In
price which has occurred during the
present season is equal to nearly $780,
100000 on the entire American crop.
The force of such speculative move
ments as the market has just seen pro-
ceeds largely from the fact that there
Is such an enormous public potential
interest In the cotton market. While
the unit Of trading Is 100 bales, In
times of great market activity there
are large number Of spectators who
DO not hesitate to buy and sell daily
from 1000 to $4,000 bales of cotton. At
low estimate there are always inter-
ested in the cotton market as specula-
tive buyers or sellers at least 100000
people. and In times OF great specula-
tive activity the number is probably
doubled or tripled. II 100000 people
buy only 100 bales OF cotton apiece the
total purchases thus made are equal to
20,00O,0O0 bales of cotton, and as many
now trading buy 1000 bales apiece the
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1903-12-26

The population of the thirteen south
ern states producing cotton is approx
imately 20,000,O0O souls. This entire
population is interested In and more or
less directly affected by the price of its
principal product.
According TO the last census of the
United States, the number of wage
earners engaged In the industry OF cot
ton spinning and weaving in America
was 7lO,604, and the class similarly
employed In Europe and Great Britain
is conservatively estimated at 1000 900.
We have thus total of probably not
less than 25,000000 people interested In
and dependent upon the American cot
ton crop. The volume of commerce
and speculation thus generated is inn
mense. For the most part II is con-
Quoted upon the great exchanges of
New York, New orleans and Liverpool,
but other cotton exchanges of minor
Importance, such as those at Kobe, ia
pan; Bremen, Germany; Havre, France,
and Bombay, India, do large busi-
ness. The aggregate membership of all
the cotton exchanges In the world is
probably not less than 10000 and the
aggregate quantity Of cotton bought
and sold daily upon these cotton ex-
changes will average at least 1000 900
bales, or 100000 900 bales for the entire
year. For handling this business there
is made an average charge of cents
per bale, so that the total commissions
earned upon the various exchanges is
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1903-12-26

volume OF such speculative transact
lions at times is probably double or
triple the entire American cotton crop.
IL Is not surprising when these facts
are considered that the recent advance
In cotton has occurred, and when a
change of sentiment takes place II is
not impossible that reverse market
movement will develop that will be
equally extreme In the effect II creates.
AS regards the relationship between
supply and demand this year, II Is to
be said that experience shows that
there Ia hardly any article of commerce
the demand for which is as elastic as
is the demand for cotton. A piece OF
cotton goods, whether used as a sheet
or shirt or a sail or frock lasts
upon an average for about a year, but
when cotton is high and goods are ex-
pensive experience shows that II can
be made to last year and half, and
when high prices for cotton goods CO.
incide with hard times and a dimlnu-
ton OF the purchasing power of the
masses the effect OF economy upon the
durability OF cotton fabrics is aston
ishlng In the past II has always been
that any shortage In the cotton crop
has been offset by this disposition to
economize In the use of cotton fabrics
and this fact has upset the calculations
OF many spectators who have figured
that the demand was compulsory and
that the world must buy cotton at any
price. Whether this will be the case
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1903-12-26
Possible Titanic Struggle Betveen Capital and Labo1

employment whenever he sees it, and
Ii is the right of the employer to dis
charge any employee when he sees fit"
While the right of labor to organize
was recognized. "boycotts, black lists
and other Illegal acts OF interference
with the personal liberty of employer
or employee" We're condemned.
1t Is not too much TO say that the
present alignment OF capital against
the unions dates from this declaration.
II Is true that In various cities employ
ers' associations had previously been
formed, but there had been no deter
mined attempt to form national organ
i2atlons. An immediate result of the
action OF the convention which re-
elected Mr.. Parry president was cam
palgn looking to the development of
community of interests between em-
ployers throughout the country. The
first sensational development came
about a month after the manufacture
ers' convention, when there was form
ed IN New York the Building Trades
Employers association, embracing en-
ployers In all branches OF business con-
nected with the city's building trades
and representing q capital of many mil
lions of dollars. Charles l.. Eidlltz. n
wealthy electrical contractor. was
elected president. While this associa-
ton could not be regarded as the d.
rect outcome of the manufacturers ac-
ton, since 1t came into being solely as
a result OF the unsettled conditions long
prevailing in New York's building
trades, It was significant of the tend
ency of the times, and II was noised |
abroad that IL was the forerunner Of a
determined attempt to crush trades un-
ionism. This the association disavow-
ed, averring that all It sought was TO !
settle the many disputes then pending |
In New York between builders and their |
employees and TO establish a working |
basis through arbitration for future |
Industrial peace. Rapidly similar assoc
Citations sprang up In other cities, the
ultimate outcome being the Chicago |
convention to form n national organ |
ization.
The leaders of organized labor saw |
In this movement n development men |
acing the interests that they represent |
ed, tending as II did to the establish |
ment OF the open shop" idea and the |
abolition of sympathetic strikes. At
the national convention of the Ameri- |
can Federation OF Labor held In Bos4
ton In November the open shop" ques-
tion was thoroughly thrashed out and !
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1903-12-26

unions as now constituted" Tempo-
rary organization was effected. and n
was decided to issue a call for con-
Vehlion IN chicago to which should be
invited several hundred employers, rem
resentlng total capital i'm the billions
AS usual Mr.. Parry was outspoken I'm
MS denunciaton of the unions. He ia
quoted az having declared that ut ia
the intention of this association IN
choke off the inclination OF organized
labor to conduct the business OF this
country on an unlawful basis, II 10
our intention to throw safeguard
ABOUT the nonunion workman and the
man VINO desires to work for his own
interests and for whom he peases."
a month later the convention was
held, those present organizing with the
name Of the Citizens Industrial Assoc
citation OF America, Mr.. Parry being
chosen president. Delegates from hftv-
seven cities, including several of Can
ADA. attended the convention, and res
buttons were adopted calling attention
10 the strained relations between em-
ployers and employed and their bad ef.
rect on business conditions and ode.
mandins protection for all seeking to
earn livelihood"
This In brief is the story Of the pre-
limlnary steps to place capital on the
same footing In the way of organiza-
ton as that which has given trades mn
lonism It's strength. Mr., Parry who
has been storm center ever since his
declaration Of war at the manufao-
turers' convention in New Orleans, de-
clares that his efforts will be crowned
with success and that the ultimate re-
suit VIII be the effecting Of better UNI
derstanding between capital and labor.
That this opinion is not shared by the
leaders of organized labor is patent
from their unsparing condemnation Of
Mr.. Parry's views and methods.
H. ADDINGToN BRUCE. f,
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1903-12-26
NATION WITHOUT A LANGUAGE.

Among the peoples OF the world the
Swiss are alone in having no language
they can call their own According to
a recent visitor to the little country,
about three-fourths Of the people In
Switzerland speak German, while the
remainder divide four other language
among them. mainly French and Ital.
Ian, the languages varying as rule
according to the proximity OF the people
TO each country whose tongue they
speak Public documents, and notice,
are printed in both French and Ger.
man. In the Swiss national parliament
the members make their speeches either
I'm French or German. for nearly all the
members understand both languages.
The orders of the president are trans
lated by an official interpreter and fur
nished to the newspapers in both Ian.
guages.
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1903-12-26
A PHlLATELlc RECORD.

The Hongkong stamps hold the rec
ord for having remained unchanged
since the first issue longer than any
others In the world. All other stamps
have been changed IN the forty odd
years, but the head OF Queen Victoria
on the Hongkong stamp has never been
altered. With the introduction Of the
new kings head stamps Hongkong will
lose its unique record and the oldest
stamp VIII be the Russian, with the
double headed eagle and the shield OF
St George, which was issued In 1864
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1903-12-26
ITEMS FROM FAR AND NEAR.

900, 1000, or twice the number sold during
1902. In addition to the machines made
IN this country, 200 cars, valued at
100000, have been imported.
rhe worlds production OF rubber
amounted to $4,000 tons In 1902 as
against $500 In 1900.
An English alienist says II is doubt
full II mental labor alone Is ever an ac-
tual cause OF insanity, for habitual APP
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1903-12-26

actly the case In any other country
formed by the union Of a number Of
separate states.
lie Journal depores the fact that
French commerce is slowly losing It's
markets not only IN the basin of the
Mediterranean, where It once was vlr-
tually without competitors, but In Asia
and the new world.
The difficulties encountered by Brit
Ish coal miners In being obliged to OPP
crate 5000 10 1000 feet below the sur
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1903-12-26

face and the enhanced cost attending
deep level mining viii enable the coal
exporters OF the United States to sup
plant the British product In foreign
markets.
Minor officials and railway employees
In Germany seek their wives by pref
erence among servant girls.
The Chatham Islands are q group In
the south Pacific $50 miles east OF New
Zealand. of which colony they form
part. They are mainly used for cattle
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1903-12-26

the nitrogen which Is Infinitely album
dant In the air and apply II to the
wornout fields of the world viii enable
mankind to cultivate what is practical
~ virgin soil forever,
Mexico now has over II 900 miles OF
railways, Nearly all the rolling stock
comes from the United States.
In Germany commercial harbors and
seaports are q matter for the state
governments In which they are located
TO look after. This Ia perhaps not ex.
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1903-12-26

and sheep breeding for the purpose OF
supplying whalers and other vessels
calling to refit and take in stores.
The total number Of electric motor
cars on the electric railways In Ger
many was 1880 at the end OF 1902 ana
that Of trailer cars S,225. This is an
increase OF go per cent over the preced-
ing year.
Germany's best customer is England.
The value Of her trade with that coun-
try during 1902 was sa7e5S7OOO.
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1903-12-26

OF organized laDor. The
convention of the building trades en-
ployers In Chicago, following close upon
the heels of the formation OF the Citi-
zens Industrial Association OF Amer
lea has made II apparent that 1904 may
witness one of the greatest conflicts
mat the Industrial world has known
with the main issue the open shop"
question. II would In every sense be a
struggle Of capital against labor, Of
hlllilohs OF dollars against millions Of
men, and the results could very well be
disastrous to both capital and labor.
a unique feature of the situation is
the comparative rapldity with which
'le employers have developed the work
VI organization. The first tocsin in the
conflict that Is dreaded may be said to
nave been sounded at Indianapolis dur
ing last years convention OF the Ma
uohai Association of Manufacturers,
Nheh David NJ. Parry attacked the pro-
posed congressional enactment Of eight
Hour ana anti-injunction measures and
Vaied upon his associates to work UNI
eeaslngly against national legislation
u,ong these lines. The convention
erected Mr., Parry, who is wealthy
sarIiage builder of indianapolis, presi-
ugnl OF the association, and he forth
M''n entered upon an active propagan-
va against the trades unions. thereby,
40 might have been foreseen, calling
oDwu upon his head Il torrent OF hostile
,.Iluc'sm The more he was attacked
ne harder he fought. When the Gsso-
s'a'loh next met In convention Mr.. Par
announced the defeat OF the eight
nour and anti-injunction bills, which
"e attributed to "the hearty co-opera-
no' Oh our members There and then
~ lne course of his report he called
upon the manufacturers to unite In an
a ,,'e campaign against IAN organIza-
,'on which would demand such UNI
n, , legislation" Before adjourn
, lug ,he manufacturers adopted dec
"a OF principles with reference
w. "s relation between capital and la
20 .,,y we most salient clause running;
a. WIN due regard to contracts, IL is
"e 'gh' OF the employee to leave his
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1903-12-26

during the present season remains to
be seen, II is certain that the widely
advertised activity OF cotton specula-
ton at present has induced many peo-
pie who do not want the article to buy
1t and that II they are disappointed In
the ultimate demand from consumers
the cotton that has been bought by
those who do not use II In the hope OF
reselling at profit to those who do
VIII come upon the market with the eff
feet of provoking serious decline from
present figures
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1903-12-26

nm a. we eleventh century England was
al earthquake center.
,ba, ''le there are many more women
tha, men IN Prussia, the deaths in.
s1gesn aiheoom last year Included only
msIos females as against S5i,2ii
was me general death rate OF 1902
vas .he lowest on record.
s,e S r,o sales OF automobiles for 1903
Nv p'@ced at 1900 cars, valued at slg,-
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1903-12-26


with the commercial and speculative
Importance of Americas cotton produce
ton.
The late Henry w. Grady Of Atlanta,
Ga, known as the SILVER tongued' or
ator OF the south, in very famous
speech of his thus apostrophized the
cotton plant;
What a royal plant II isl The world
waits In attendance on its growth; the
shower that falls whispering on its
leaves Is heard around the earth; the
sun that shines on 1t is tempered by
the prayers of all the people; the frost
that chllls II and the dew that descends
from the stars are noted, and the tres
pass of a little worm on It's green leaf
is more to England than the advance
of the Russian army on her Asian out
posts. II is gold from the instant II
puts forth It's tiny shoot. It's fiber is
current In every bank, and when, loos-
ing its fleeces to the sun, II floats a
sunny banner that glorifes the fields
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1903-12-26

a report strongly opposing Il was
drawn up. a great majority OF the un-
ion men In the United States belong to
the federation, and It is patent that
any attempt on the part of the en-
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1903-12-26

when the Auditorium annex in Chicago
was the scene OF a secret session OF en-
ployers, at which was formed nation
at body TO carry on firm and uncom-
promising contest with the abuses of
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1903-12-26

certainly not less than sl5,OOO,O0O an
nually. In addition to this, the cost OF
maintaining the machinery OF this
enormous speculation. the clerical hire
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1903-12-26

ployers to force the adoption OF this
policy viii meet with most determined
resistance,
While the employers in the building
trades were thus organizing, Mr.. Par
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1903-12-26

70 recent tremendous
activity In the cot
ton markets of the
world resulting from
the issuance of the
government crop es-
innate Of 100000
bales has surprised
MANY NOT fo,,iIi,,
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1903-12-26

ry, who is now designated as "the most
hated man in the United States" was
proceeding along other lines looking to-
ward the same end. The result OF his
efforts became apparent in September
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1903-12-26

10 of the most impor-
tant developments in
the United States dur
ing the year just draw
ing to a close has been
the gradual but steady
organization of capital
TO combat the demands
OF organized labor. The
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1903-12-26
he,
BY THEODORE H. PRICE.

IPromInent authorIty on cotton
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1903-02-26

welfare. the efforts OF the men who served
In the ranks and who have no schemes to.
exploit and only the good OF the army
at heart. From this collective wisdom and
endeavors the best results are sure to be
obtained. .--
Our officers do not say. and do not be-
Heve that all of the splendid achievements
Of our soldiers are dae to the army ration.
Much is due to the Independent quality OF
the race, admirable home life. atmosphere
Of liberty. wise and beneficent laws and in
situations under which they live. and the
training they receive as soldiers; but with
out an adequate ration the environment
and the splendid qualities the American
soldier Is heir to would hardly make him
the ideal soldier that he is.
"Mr. Morse states truism when he says
'Reformers never see more than one side
of question at once Reformers are too
busy with the army. They want to make
other people think, act, eat and live after
their own fashion. and no matter how erro-
neous or misguided the judgment all are
eager to take a turn at reforming the
army. But outside Of the army there seems
to be more prolific field for such work
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1903-02-26
THE THRALL OF LEFT THE LUCKY
A Daily Serial of Unusual Interest to
Be Published in The Star.

Next Saturday The Evening Star will
begin the publication OF daily serial story
of exceptional attractiveness, entitled The
Thran of Left the Lucky 1t Is thrilling
tale of the Viking days. and carries the
reader into Norway. Greenland and to the
American shores touched by the Viking
explorers. who set the first white foot upon
this continent.
A young Englishmanr of noble birth, cap
tured by the Danes. after series of exeit-
Ing adventures. becomes the thrall. or
slave. of Left. popularity known as the
Lucky" son Of Eric the. Red of Green
land, The struggle Between the believers
In Christianity then tist spreading its In
f1uence over northern Europe. and the
Morse -paganislm. YhJsh {stained Its firm
depicted. many dramatic situations evolv-
Ing out of the conflict Of influences. A
tender romance deyesarSho =fascinate the
The author ottifiee AaeeLfiltencrantz, has
woven into her nSpegi Aianys threads of
strong human intereSf. effThes story is hlla1
with. color. action. and satmosphere. and -
interesting in every echApter.. 1t Is based
upon authentic historical facts regarding
the Morse discovery Of America. and has
distinct value in awakening interest In
that somewhat ne16ec1Ad phase Of the
hemispheres story.