davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Rural Retreat times. [volume] (Rural Retreat, Va.) 1892-1918, 1903-08-21
NEGRos MIGRATING NORTH.

The rapid increase of the negro popu-
lation in Northern states has produced
the effect of bringing many of the peo-
pie in that section to look at the negro
question from a more reasonable and
practical standpoint. This increase has
been marked in not few of the cities
of the North and shows tendency to
continue in certain sections, though in
many Northern districts the discrim-
nation against the negro in all lines of
work and the fierce methods of war
fare against them have caused con-
siderable number to return South to
earn a living.
The Manufacturers Record of recent
date gave some figures about the
migration of negroes to the North
which will be of interest at this time.
It says:
Some of our contemporaries follow
ing without questioning inadquate com
nents upon partial statistics for eigh-
teen states in the North, are inclined
% view as insignificant the steady
movement of the negroes from the
South. They seem to think that an
increase of $4,000 in the negro popu-
lation of these eighteen Northern
states between 1890 and 1900 is of no
particular moment. They forget that
N this case the rate of increase is the
significant factor. Even in the eign-
cen states the rate was more than 80
DER cent while the rate of increase in
tae white population of the whole coun-
Try was but q per cent and of the
legro population of the country less
han per cent As matter OF fact,
AZ Shown nearly two years ago in a
study Of preliminary figures of the
ensus, nearly 100000 negroes, or one
linth of the total negro population OF
he country, were living outside the
south The increase in that popula-
ion in the South has been Is per cent
md in the rest of the country % pei
oer cent. The figures show thai
he actual increase in Delaware. Mary
| land, Virginia Kentucky, Missouri and
| West Virginia between 1890 and 1906
las been 5000 less than the combined
| Increase in New York, New Jersey
pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana and Hi
lois; that the increase in New Yorl
| vas nearly 10000 greater than the in
lcrease in Maryland and nearly 400
greater than the increase in Virginia
that the increase in Pennsylvania ha
been more than $4,000 greater than i
| Maryland, and more than $4,000 great
than in West Virginia, and tha
Massachusetts, had greater numbe
u negroes in its population than ha
{ delaware. The movement of the NJ
sroes to such cities as New York, Can
den, Philadelphia, Jersey City, Pitts
{ ourg, Cincinnati, and Chicago account
led largely for this increase
Rural Retreat times. [volume] (Rural Retreat, Va.) 1892-1918, 1903-08-21
DIED AS FORTUNE TELLER SAID.

Gottfried schilling shot and killed
himself at his home, No. as Newark
street, Cleveland, /, O. Twenty years
ago a fortune teller told schilling he
would some day amrry rich widow
and that he would either acquire a
property or kill some member of the
family. True to the prophecy he mar
ried the widow and within a week,
according to members of his family,
he had frequently referred to the re-
mainder of the fortune teller's predic-
ton To his son he said: Within
week I will kill you and the rest Of
the family and then myself"
Rural Retreat times. [volume] (Rural Retreat, Va.) 1892-1918, 1903-08-21

The honors which have been shower
ed in varigated hues on Admiral Cot
ton must lead General Corbin to sus
pect that he is not "the whole cheese
after all.
A kodak concern has been charged
with criminal offense in New Yorl
If all the crimes of the kodak wer
punished the courts never would get |
vacation.
Rural Retreat times. [volume] (Rural Retreat, Va.) 1892-1918, 1903-08-21

III Indiana and Illinois have any
time left after abusing the South for
alleged mistreatment of the negroes
tney might put in a short while in
curing into the identity of the gentle
men who are leading the war of ok.
termination against the colored brothe,
in those two states.
Rural Retreat times. [volume] (Rural Retreat, Va.) 1892-1918, 1903-08-21
CHARGED WITH coUNTERFEITIN(
Two Young Men Uunder Arrest a
Newport News.

J. W. Lyons and William Stanford
arrest at Newport News on the charge
of counterfeiting They entered a
butcher shop and asked for So in green
backs, rendering silver in exchange.
In the silver thus rendered were three
quarters which proved to be spurious.
The police authorities were notified
and the young men were arrested. AT
police headquarters they told conflict
ing stories, claiming at different times
Norfolk, Philadelphia, Washington.
baltimore, San Francisco and other
places as their home. They are also
wanted in Norfolk, but upon what
charge has not been learned.
~
Rural Retreat times. [volume] (Rural Retreat, Va.) 1892-1918, 1903-08-21

The public hardly succeeds in estab-
fishing the identity of one man pro-
posed for the presidential nomination
before another unknown is sprung as
a possibility.
Rural Retreat times. [volume] (Rural Retreat, Va.) 1892-1918, 1903-08-21

The Window Trimmers have just
closed successful session at the Ten
nessee state capitol in Nashville, which
suggests that it is nothing unusual for
trimmers to meet in state house.
Rural Retreat times. [volume] (Rural Retreat, Va.) 1892-1918, 1903-08-21

Judging from the way the Chinese
editors are losing their heads for ex-
pressing an idea or two, it is expected
that the papers over there will devote
themselves in future to weather con-
ditions, and Juvenile pictures. They
ought to be able to ran the gauntlet
Rural Retreat times. [volume] (Rural Retreat, Va.) 1892-1918, 1903-08-21
JETTs AND WHITE GET LIFE SEN
TENCE FOR MURDER.

Curtis Jett and Thomas White have
been found guilty and sentenced to life
Imprisonment state penitentiary OF
Kentucky
They Were convicted Of the murder
of Attorney Marcum in Breathitt coun-
ty and this is the second trial, The
sentence gives general satisfaction in
Kentucky.
Rural Retreat times. [volume] (Rural Retreat, Va.) 1892-1918, 1903-08-21

The Kansas City Journal insists
that the candidate for vice-president
should be taken from the West. What
has the Journal against the prominent
public men of that section?
Rural Retreat times. [volume] (Rural Retreat, Va.) 1892-1918, 1903-08-21

One difference between lynchings II
Virginia and those in the North is
that in this state efforts are made to
apprehend and punish the guilt.
parties.
Rural Retreat times. [volume] (Rural Retreat, Va.) 1892-1918, 1903-08-21

The tin-soldier and pine-barlz war;
fare going on up on the Maine coast il.
looked upon by the summer girls SO
iourning there as perfectly lovely."
Rural Retreat times. [volume] (Rural Retreat, Va.) 1892-1918, 1903-08-21

IT now iooks - ,.sv~,..s war depart
ment appropriated $4,000 for Profes
sor Langley to demonstrate how his
flying machine couldn't fly.
Rural Retreat times. [volume] (Rural Retreat, Va.) 1892-1918, 1903-08-21

Those negroes who are fleeing fron1
Indiana to Kentucky forgot to have
their tickets made good to stop over in
Breathitt county.
Rural Retreat times. [volume] (Rural Retreat, Va.) 1892-1918, 1903-08-21

One of the crews of United States
warship has drawn the color line and
now they are making it lively above
the water line.
Rural Retreat times. [volume] (Rural Retreat, Va.) 1892-1918, 1903-08-21

1t is really touching to see the al
fectionate attentions which Mr.. Cor
man is showering upon his boom.
Rural Retreat times. [volume] (Rural Retreat, Va.) 1892-1918, 1903-08-21

The president insists on cutting wood
when the faithful would have him cut
ting pie.
Rural Retreat times. [volume] (Rural Retreat, Va.) 1892-1918, 1903-08-21

The color line having been drawn
on the Colombia, if the administration
is consistent it will put that vessel eal
of commission la Indianola
Rural Retreat times. [volume] (Rural Retreat, Va.) 1892-1918, 1903-08-21

The trusts care not who get the
nominations for office so they are per-
mitted to write the platform of the
Republican party
Rural Retreat times. [volume] (Rural Retreat, Va.) 1892-1918, 1903-08-21

1t would be interesting to know
what was the size of the roll that in.
spired the politicians of Colombia to
decide that the Panama canal treaty is
unconstitutional
Rural Retreat times. [volume] (Rural Retreat, Va.) 1892-1918, 1903-08-21

Professor Langley is giving the pub
lie vivid illustration of how not to
do thing.
Rural Retreat times. [volume] (Rural Retreat, Va.) 1892-1918, 1903-08-21

along regardless OF the spectators.
suIAom Has err sSuIQl 4pql sMoqs
sIgo 10 eSelIoqs peuele9Iql eQL
Rural Retreat times. [volume] (Rural Retreat, Va.) 1892-1918, 1903-08-21
POINTED PARAGRAPHS.

This seems to be good season for
comet tails.
Rural Retreat times. [volume] (Rural Retreat, Va.) 1892-1918, 1903-08-21

This country is too. big to groan
every time Wall street has pain.
Rural Retreat times. [volume] (Rural Retreat, Va.) 1892-1918, 1903-08-21

The paper fortunes of Wall street
were never an integral part of prosper
Rural Retreat times. [volume] (Rural Retreat, Va.) 1892-1918, 1903-08-21
COLOR LINE IN UNION.

Newport News, Va, August IL
The color line has been drawn by a
Union labor organization here. The
Machinists' Union, of Newport News
the local branch of the International
'associationof Machinists. have voted
to sever affiliation with the Contra.
Trades and Labor Council, The latter
organization recently admitted repre-
sentatives of negro labor Unions to
its membership despite the protests OF
the Machinists Union, which is the
strongest and most influential labor
body in the city. Other Withdrawals
from the Central Council may follow.
Rural Retreat times. [volume] (Rural Retreat, Va.) 1892-1918, 1903-08-21


1t has been stated that several suits
against the ~ & w. railroad will be
Instituted By parties hurt in the re-
cent explosion "a harrisburg.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1903-05-08

sas, because Topeka is the natural center
for the trolley systems and they must get
in here to succeed. We want to the
time when people can for dollar make
the round trip from Manhattan to Topeka
and can come down here in an hour, in
time to the theater in the evening Sup
pose You grant this franchise, Manhattan
people would say to its trolley line which
solicited passengers for Topeka: w aere
will YOU take u.s. to the door of the thea
ter2' No the suburban trolley will say:
We will take you to the city dinits, out by
Garfield park. Well, can we transfer to
the city linea2 No. / guess not .NNill
We'll, there may be-cant say. Dc YOU
think that Topeka would get much Of a
crowd from Manhattan? l guess not
IT we get Topeka in close cOmmunica-
ton with Kansas towns it will do away
with this Kansas City bug-a-boO. We
could draw more business than she could
Personally. don't have the slightest doubt
that a Kansas City trolley line will con-
meet with the Ninewood park road. We
must simply prepare to meet this by leaV-
ing the road open for the development OF
the trolley system in eastern Kansas"
OTHER SPEAKERS.
Mr. Williams had covered the ground so
him only served to emphasize the points
which he had made. or some of them.
Among those who spoke were Michael
Heery, who was in the council WREN the
first franchise was granted to me cid
horse car line f. z. Roudebush and II. c..
Root. They all opposed re-ena etment
Of the cid ordinance and recommended Ger
tain changes. 7. F. Doran attorney for
the Vinewcod road. who is now working
in the interests of the proposed city rail-
way franchise. also spoke briefly and said
that he believed the city and the company
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1903-05-08
HEAVILY INVOLVED.

Improper feeding brings on disease.
The use of coffee for instance is almost
certain to cause organic ills. The whole
system of health becomes involved and
the physical failure known as collapse
is always impending. No financial trou-
BILE can cause half the suffering that
follows disease and most disease comes
from what we eat and drink
1t is no guess work but solid, scien-
tific fact that coffee hurts about 9 of
every 10 that drink it. 1t attacks the
vital organs directly, and indirectly it's
i'll results are frequently seen in the re-
hottest corners of the body. All the
while serious organic diseases may be
growing that will be hard to cure and
the coffee drinker is subject to such
suffering as headaches, biliousness.
f1atulence, insomnia. nervousness and a
hundred and one others ills.
once upon a time. as they say in
fairy tales, when 1 was controlled by
the coffee fiend." writes a lady of St
John, Canada life was a weary burden
to me on account of the wretched head
aches. utter WEAKNESS of both mind and
body and general biliousness, all due as
I afterwards found out to the use of
coffee. Acting upon an old friends ad-
vice I quit coffee and drank Postum
and presto. in a week I was transform
ed into a different being.
In a month I was gifted with bound
ing energy in place of my former lassi-
tude and a general uprising of my for
merly dormant ambitions was plainly
evident. I benefited SO greatly that I
constituted myself a missionary among
my friends to spread the truth about
Postum and I can tell you of many of
my friends who have used it with Won
derful good results"
Name given by Postum Co. Battle
Creek. Mich.
Don't go into health bankruptcy Look
into the scientific points OF Postum vs..
Coffee.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1903-05-08

street, Saturday afternoon May 9. at 3
o'clock.
Miss Mabel Fem of salina is the guest
of Mrs. Edwin Lange.
Mrs ". H. Vernon of Larned will be
the guest next week of her son, Mr.. w
H. Vernon.
Mrs. D. J. f. Morrison of Urbana. H..
is the guest of her daughter, Mrs. B. F..
Sim.
Miss Elite Stevenson of Kansas City
comes tonight to visit Miss Lottie Park
hurst.
Mrs. ]. J. Burns. who has been the
guest of Mrs. A. L. Williams, goes to
Kansas City Monday.
Mrs. J. T. Herrick of Wellington is
expected tomorrow to be the guest of
Mrs 0. J. Wood.
Mr.. Albert Page and Mr.. Alfred Page
Of Chicago viii come Sunday to visit
friends.
Miss Hila Hinckley will entertain her
card club on Saturday evening, May 16.
Mr.. Sumner Everingham will be the
host of the senior class at high school
Miss Nellie Ebright comes from Hor-
ton next week
Mrs. A. D. CirtwelI of Efhngham is
visiting friends in Topeka
Mrs. Edward Leland who has been
the guest of Mr.. Cyrus Leland will
go to New York on the fourteenth, ac-
companied by her parents. Mr.. and
Mrs. c. B. TOwnsley of Great Bend.
Mr.. Theodore POehler of Lawrence
will be here for the U. c. T. ball to-
Mrs. Geo. sharitt is visiting Mr.. and
Mrs. William Fortescue in Leaven-
Miss Adelaide Metzger is visiting in
MI and Mrs. Geo. Dittmar of Clay
Center are in Topeka for a two weeks
Mr.. and Mrs. John Fontron Of
Hutchinson will come for the May
Festival and will be guests of Mrs.
Emma Evarts and Mr. and Mrs. Ed
win Fox.
Mrs. Florence Updegraff of Hut hin
son is the guest of Mrs. Emma Evarts.
Mr. T. S. TillsOn of Oregon came yes
terday for the Tillson-Page wedding
and is the guest of his sisters the
Misses Tillson.
Mrs. Geo. T. Irvan and Miss Rather
inc Irvan of Hutchinson are visiting
friends in Topeka
Miss Ruth Collins assisted at a con-
cert in BALDWIN last night.
M J. NJ Mead of the Santa Fe is in
Lawrence.
Mrs. H. Bernstein and Mrs. NJ A.
Wedeles, of Chicago, will visit Mr.. and
Mrs l.. A. Fisher next week.
Miss Julia Natsen entertained num-
Der of her girl friends Thursday even
ing in celebration of her birthday.
Mr.. Tom Bowman was given sur
prise party a his home on College ave-
nue. last night, the occasion being his
birthday Those present were Misses
Anna Whiting Leah Shirley, Claire
Cave, Nellie McCrumb Margaret Love-
+ we'll. Messrs. Mallory Lee, Carl Bow
man. CLYDE COrbet Walter welding,
I Byron Zuteberg.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1903-05-08
BROKE UP INTO SECTIONS.
Work of Conference of Charities and
Corrections.

Atlanta, Ca, May s.-The national
conference of charities and corrections
this morning separated into sections for
the discussion of various phases of
different work of the conference. The
topics We're: Juvenile Delinquents,
state Supervision of Charities and
Corrections" and Diseases and De-
pendence. Housing and Sanitary IN
spection." In the afternoon other sec
tions meetings We're held. the subjects
being: The Juvenile Court The
Treatment of Criminals Including Pro
baton of Adults. Parole and Pardon, y
and Needy Families in Their Homes,
Including Legal Aid"
Among the speakers today were
Prof. D. c. Brown, Irvington, Ind.
Rutherford H. Plat. Columbus. o.;
George r. Garfield. New York; C. NJ.
Hubbard Cincinnati: Judge Julius
r. Meyer, New York; Judge Benjmin
]. Lindsey, Denver; Judge Richard
futile and Rev. Samuel J. Barrows,
of New York.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1903-05-08
WILL CLOSE THE JOINTS.
Emporia's New Democratic Mayor
After the Saloons
Mayor

Emporia, kas.. May S.-Mayor Martin
has taken a stand on the liquor ques-
ton. It is generally known that for sew
eral days. since the carnival began.
several carloads of booze" have been
deposited in Emporia and for some days
some of the joints have been running
wide open" Mayor Martin started war
with the 5ointists and Yesterday some
detectives" bought whisky at two
places and took the stuff with affl-
davits to the police Judge and told the
joint keepers that 1t was hanging over
their heads: that they must quit bust
ness or stand trial The joint keepers
said they would be good. The officers
say if the sointists do not stay by their
promise they viii be arrested and fined.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1903-05-08
Notes and Personal Mention.

Mr.. and Mrs J. Jay TUFTS are guests
OF Mrs j.. L. LaRin on their return to
Evanston from California.
Miss Fa-- Cuinton went to Kansas
City today 20 visit Miss Kate Holloway
Mrs. Jennie Osborne Hanna will be
the guest OF Mrs Dewitt c. NeHis dur
ing the musical festival.
Miss COfrinna Cook of Harington
viii be Miss Helen Goddards guest next
AIRS. T. II. Mum went to Wichita
Mrs. Mckee. Of Wichita. comes sun
day TO visit Miss Hila Hinckley.
Senator Fitzpatrick win return to Sc
dan tomorrow evening
Mrs C.. j. Sim of Wichita will arrive
sunday TO visit friends in Topeka.
Mr. Walter Hess of Wichita will spend
sunday at the home of Mr. and Mrs
James A Tloutman
Mrs G.. G. X. Scoville. who has been
visiting Mrs. Edwin Knowles returned
10 Seneca yesterday
Miss Allabelle TIOutman goes to Law
renee for the Phi Gamma Delta party
tonight Miss Leila Purdue of Atchison
vii accompany her home and be her
guest over Sunday
Miss Heusted and her niece. Miss
Florence Fellows. went to Wamego to-
day to remain until Monday.
Miss Maude Thompson and Mr.. Harry
Price of Burlingame are guests at the
Dewitt c. Nelis home
Mrs. r. r. Moses and Miss Grace
Moses OF Great Bend viii be guests next
week of Mrs Il. h Evans
Mr.. Adrian sherman of Kansas city
was I'm Topeka yesterday
Mrs A. L. WoOdford of Burlington
VIII visit her daughter. Miss Grace
Woodfords next week
The Hu King Eng band of the First
NJ. T.. Church will meet with Miss
Mamie Knox at her home AIS Lincoln
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1903-05-08
RED AND BLACK
BUILDERS ORGANIZE
To Fight the Labor Unions in New
York City.

New York. May Sat a meeting Of the
BROOKLYN builders and contractors q move
ment was inaugurated for a struggle be-
tween labor unions and employers in tbs
building trades. An organization was ef-'
fected under the name of the Builders
Protective association of Brooklyn and
committee was appointed to confer with
similar associations in Manhattan and the
The chairman of the meeting explained
W. win not give in to the demands Of
labor agitators under any circumstances.
Whatever wages are nov being paid our
ernnloves will stand ana will not be LITE d.
We propose to fight to finish, and, 4
necessary will cause a complete tie up
of all building operations until we Win
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1903-05-08
Photographs of Summer Resorts.

The Pere Marquette railroad. the
Michigan Summer Resort Scenic Route.
is sending out a handsome souvenir Of
photograph of beautiful scenes, each
SKIS inches. mounted ready for framing
and without advertising printed OH
them. These make a handsome remind
to any address on receipt of p cents
Address H F Moeller. C. p. A, Pere
Marquette r. r., Detroit. Mich.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1903-05-08
Ynnr Simmer Vacation

VIII be pleasant and invigorating If
YOU spend it at some one Of the lake or
river resorts of Michigan. Write for
booklet Michigan Summer Resorts,
or Fishing and Hunting in Michigan .
beautifully illustrated publications CIV
ing details CT the best places at which
to spend a delightful vacation address,
all requests to H. F. Moeller. G. P. A.
Pere Marquette R. R.. Detroit Mich
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1903-05-08

were both in earnest and that they could
reach an agreement without mucn diff
Guilty.
The committee discussed the matter for
some time but took no action on the sus-
gestion made by Gen. Williams concerning
the drawing up of new ordinance. The
next meeting will likely be held on May
a. when the reorganization committee of
the company will be here for the stock
holders neeting of the railway conpany.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1903-05-08
Bic Building Sinks.

Plymouth, Mass. May S-Quicksand is
responsible for the sinking Of the big dye
house of the Puritan mill. branch Of the
American Wooden company here. Men are
engaged in removing the machinery. but
no hope is entertained of saving the build
ing. The building began to settle a week
ago and now the foundations are four feet
below their original alignment.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1903-05-08
Killed a Man with His Fist.

Des Moines, May SD. Pickett.
aged "A. a Des Moines horse-trader.
was arrested here today for the murder
of Aleck Youcker. a travelling horse
trader. who died early today from the
effects of a fist blow inflicted yester-
daV
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1903-05-08
Marshall,s Band sundav.

MarshaWs Band viii give a concert
Sunday afternoon at Garfield Park.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1903-05-08

Because of patent roller process OF
making Satin-Skin Powder does not
show or clog the pores. 25c.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1903-05-08

MarshaWs Band viii give a concert
Sunday afternoon at Garfield Park.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1903-05-08

The following young people win meet
at Miss Marcia Spivey's tomorrow night
to attend the circus together: Mr.. and
Mrs Dorr Norton Miss Sue Herbst
Miss Elvie Millspaugh, Miss Anna
Herbst. Miss Jess Payne, Miss Fay
Quinton Miss Ethel Davis. Miss Emily
King, Miss Lulu Ewart Miss Marcia
Spivev. Miss Eiila Hinckley, Mr. Geo.
Snyder Mr. Roy Miller. Mr.. Day Karr.
Mr. Merle King. Mr. Harley Reisman.
Mr.. Harry Parks Mr.. VIII Wikidal Mr.
Ralph Wunderlich. Mr.. Scott Lord, Mr.
Frank Gahagan.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1903-05-08

Mrs. a. L. P. Hillyer will entertain the
Art club on Monday afternoon. Each
member may invite one guest.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1903-05-08

Mrs. J. w Campbell gave an infor-
NAL o'clock dinner on Wednesday
evening for Miss Laura Tillson. Her
guests were: Mrs. K C. Bean, Miss
Tillson. Miss Laura Tillson. Miss Anna
Iillson, Miss Maud Smith.
Mr.. and Mrs. Charles King. 919 Mon
roe street entertained a party of friends
at o'clock dinner Thursday in honor
Of Mr. and Mrs. John F. Leech. of
Mount Pleasant. iowa, who are visiting
friends in this city. Mr.. Leech is a
member Of the newspaper fraternity.
having been editor of the leading news
paper at Mount Pleasant Iowa, for
many years. where he is now practfc-
ing law. and has just finished nine years
OF service as mayor. Mr.. and Mrs
Leech are warmly erected by a host of
friends in this CIV