davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington times., 1903-11-22
COLOMBIA A LAND OF MANY TRIALS AND REGULATIONS
Has

For the past fifty years Panama has
simply been rented out for transit pcr-
poses.
The inhabitants OF the isthmus. being
bound 20 Colombia only by the acci-
dental arrangement OF boundary lines.
and feeling that they were furnishing
an undue share Of the Colombian gov
ernment's income and getting nothing
in return, have repeatedly tried to break
away from It and secure their independ-
ence. They have tried again. and appar-
emily succeeded There is no mysterious
underhand scheme required TO explain
the revolution, and It is aot at all re-
markable that the foreign residents
should favor any change from the con-
ditions of the past few years under Co
lombian rule
The Washington times., 1903-11-22

several modern maps a. running to Bu-
ga or CaID. and from San Jose by mule
back across the mountains TO the Bogota
tableland' Time. from four TO six weeks.
Bogota is situated on a plateau $500
feet above sea level The narrow streets
are paved with cobblestones. and down
the center runs a stream Of water
which constitutes the sewerage system.
The houses are Of mud or "dobie." The
city is full Of old monasteries and con-
vents. One CT the sights shown the
traveller is the house occupied by Hum
boldt during his six months stay at the
Colombian capital many years ago. 1t
is now a gambling den.
A Mixed Population.
About half the population OF Colombia
are whites. or half-castes, the remand
er being Indians and negyoes-negroes in
the lowlands and Indians in the interior
mountain regions. Manana tomorrow
is the stock phrase OF the natives
'"The pride OF the Colombian of plre
Spanish descent" says Mr.. scruggs, "is
phenomenal and runs into strange
freaks. II poor he is a sort Of aristo-
cratic hobo-not ashamed to beg. but Of
Tended il offered work. since to accept
would be TO forfeit his position as a
gentleman. With him there is nj such
thing as dignity of labor. and the gulf
between genulity and honest toll is i'm
passable."
In the cities all men of any standing
are doctors, generals or professors. Sun
day is a holiday. occupied with cock
lighting. bun-hghting, drinking, and
dancing Every male smokes. and many
OF the women. French novels furnish
the chief literary pabuIum. A paper
currency of over SJo.OOO.OOO pesetas is in
circulation. which has deprecated 20
one-twenty-fft of its face value. Al
though the metric system has been
established by law, the old Spanish
weights and measures are still used.
The libra, ll02 pounds: the arroba.
25 1921 pounds; the quintal, l01.6l pounds;
the cargo, 800 pounds; the fanega. 1915
bushels ana the vara, S3.sSf inches. are
the csmmoncst OF these.
The railways Of the country, appar-
The Washington times., 1903-11-22

emily. amount to about 100 miles, but
no two authorities or maps agree as to
their exact location or length. The
longest stretch Of continuous track is
less than seventy miles, and there is
no such thing as a trunk line anywhere
in the country. although several have
been projected during the last twenty
years.
Mule Paths for Highways
There are but few miles of dirt road
in the entire country on which any
wheeled vehicle can be used. and the
chief arteries of travel are still the mule
paths. Colombia is said to have a
standing army Of 5000 men, and a navy
consisting of three small gunboats and
one cruiser.
The Department or Panama, which
has just been proclaimed a republic by
its people. has no more natural connec-
ton with Colombia. nor is it any more
accessible TO that country. than if II
were an island. South Of the isthmian
railway. which crosses 1t from Colon
TO Panama, is a tropical wilderness of
miasmatic swamps and broken hills,
travel through which is dangerous. il
not impossible. even to the half-savage
natives who people its remote shores.
The climate about the Chagres River is
typical of most of this southerly jungle,
which effectually shuts or Colon and
Panama from the South American main
land.
A Pessimistic Poet
An American Smploye of the Panama
Railway Company. who was moved To
poetry by his surroundings. is credited
with a poem Of which the following
verse Is typical:
Beyond the Chagres River.
lis said-the storJ's old
Are paths that lead q mountains
OF purest virgin gold;
- But tits my firm conviction.
Whateve. tales they tell,
That beyond the Chagres River
All paths lead straight TO hell
The greater part of the isthmus is
valueless. as land. usually goes. There
may be more unhealthy places in the
African or Indian jungles bur they are
not numerous. The only asset of Par-
anna is its narrowness. II il were but
The Washington times., 1903-11-22

half as wide it would be worth twice
as much. It's value depends on the fact
that it is the weakest spot in the great
continental barrier separating the two
great oceans of the world. The cutting
OF a canal through it would, according
to Lewis N Haupt. of the canal
commission, result in saving Of $780,
oOO.o 600 a year 10 the mercantile fleets OF
the world.
Rented for Transit Purposes.
The Colomblans. perceiving this, have
thought they held the key to an mex
naustible source Of revenue. They re
received 100000 for the Panama Rail-
way concession. and since its construc-
ton have had a regular annual subsidy
of $4,000 more. Heavy subsidies from
the canal company were also exacted
The Washington times., 1903-11-22

The accomplished artist has most sue
cessfulIy utilized TIE splendidIy deco
rated room, the massive gold and
crystal chandeliers, the varied colors Of
the dresses Of the ladies IN attend
ance. all Of whom are correct portraits
of American and English relatives and
friends Of the gentlemen composing the
august court in session It is picture
OF the period Centuries 70 come Il
VIII unfold a page OF a most interesting
past 1t is the punctuation mark OF
the epoch of arbitration. Centuries OF
war have led up to It. and centuries win
look back upon it as an accomplished
fact and a memorial 70 the methods OF
a progressive and enlightened world.
Being an American citizen and living
in Paris at the time the court was IN
session. Mr. Gutherz naturally felt a
special interest IN its proceedings. he
knew the subject was one OF Interna-
tional interest. not only TO Europe and
asia, but especially TO the United States.
The painting has never before been ex-
hIbited, and there is some opposition to
its being taken away from the National
Capital, By prominent people, who wish
it 10 remain in the city of Washington
forever. But Mr.. Gutherz thinks il
would be of great interest. not only TO
American visitors to the great fair, but
also to the visitors from the countries
whose greatest Representatives are
faithful portrayed as members Of the
important tribunal.
The portraits of sixty people are at
once recognized. but their positions are
easy and natural. and attention Is al
ways concentrated on the proceedings OF
the court.
The picture gains an added interest
as one looks at it. The exquisite tex
ture of the silks and velvets worn by the
women in the foreground. the blending
of colors. the effect of light. the per-
spective. but. above all. the tremendous
personality Of the men who represent
! five great nations OF the earth impress
critic and amateur alike with the
artists power and the Importance II
his subject
: Masterpiece Of the Artist.
When the painting was finished in
Paris many honors were conferred On
the artist. who is better known in thu
salons Of Paris, Berlin. and Munich than
in his own country. He Is a native Of
Memphis. Tenn He studied in Europe
fifteen years. His first work IN Wash
ington was the series OF paintings which
ornament the dome of the reading room
of the Library OF Congress He regards
the ''Bering Sea Tribunal as his mas
terpiece. though his studio. III AIadi-
son street, near Dupont Circle, is fun
of paintings that have won gold medals
in Paris and Berlin
The Washington times., 1903-11-22

- ARR, GUTHERz. one OF the fore
most artists in this country.
- and a member Of the art COM
mittee OF the Louisiana Pur-
chase Exposition. intends to exhibit for
the first time, in the Art Palace at the
Worlds Fair. one OF the few notable
paintings identified with the history Of
the United States. The picture marks
an epoch in Western civilization. 1t
memerializes the era of arbitration It
shows the advantage Of law and reason
over war. After a long controversy
over details that grew out of the pur-
chase Of Alaska from Russia. It was
agreed bg Great Britain and the United
States 10 submit the vexed questions
To a tribunal TO be composed Of repre-
sentative men from the various nations
whose interests We're involved in the
premises. Seven arbitrator We're chosen.
Two We're appointed by the President
Of the United states. two BY the Queen
OF Great Britain, one by the President
OF the French republic. one by the
King OF italy. and one by the King Of
Norway and Sweden. The men chosen
were Justice John NJ. Harlan and
Senator John r Morgan Omitted states).
Lord Hannah and Sir John s. d.
Thompson Great Britain). Baron de
courcel G'raDce). Marquis Emilio Wis
conti-Venosu Gtaly) and II. Gregorio
", W Grau Norway and sweden.
Stars of the Worlds Forums.
Distinguished lawyers were employed.
The American cause was conducted
through the agency Of Hon. John W.
Foster, Secretary Of State; Edward J.
Phelps. James c. Carter, Frederick +
coudert and Henry Blodgett. The tribu-
nal met in the banquet hail OF the pal
ace of the minister OF foreign affairs.
oval d-Orsay. Paris AS this spacious
apartment Was also the scene Of the de-
hberations OF the peace commission that
settled the Spanish-American difser-
ences. IL is doubly historic to our peo-
re Elaborate preparations were made
for the Bering Sea tribunal in this
lofty and splendid room The French
government arranged it. furnished it
sumDtuously and entertained the rnera-
bsrs OF the court in royal style Mr.
GUtherz has made the most OF the bril-
liant background. which adds greatly TO
the effect OF the painting The spectator
looks directly into an immense bay win
dow. the light from which is partly sub
dued By shades and heavy crimson dra-
peries. In front Of this is a platform,
slightly raised from the main floor, is
furnished with special desks for the
judges and tLeir secretaries. The judges
table is in the shape OF a semicircle
thereby permitting each "A uninter-
Iupted view cf the other. and facing
the president. Baron de Courcei. in the
center, at the same time. The four long
tables facing The stage upon which the
The Washington times., 1903-11-22

~ y November i. James r. Gray
became clerk OF the United
~ States district court, succeed
ing William Morgan. who held
that position for thirty years. says the
st. Louis Sunday Star
III health caused Mr.. Morgan to re-
sign, but he viii retain deputyship
under Gray. with somewhat lighter
duties.
Mr.. Gray holds perhaps bigger
bunch Of Federal titles than amy other
man in the United States.
He viii not only be clerk OF the United
States district court. bat clerk of the
United States circuit court United
States commissioner, eXtradition com
missioner. and standing examiner.
Mr.. Gray is recognized by che judges
of the United States courts as a man
possessed Of an of the qualifications
necessary to discharge his mutt pncity
of duties with dispatch and accuracy.
lie has been clerk Of the United States
circuit court at St. Louis since 1890 be-
ing also United States commissioner
Previous 10 that time he was a deputy
clerk in the Office for six years, and held
Independently the ONCE Of United
States commissioners.
When he was promoted ne retained
tho United States commissionership. Mr.
The Washington times., 1903-11-22

stop at Las Yeguas. fifteen miles be-
low Hondal, over 800 miles from its
mouth; the channel. however. is con-
stantIy shifting. and the trip is often
dangerous one. Above the rapids
smaller steamers run over 200 miles
farther TO Neiva- The regular route
to Bogota from the outside world is by
steamer TO Honda (Which requires ten
days under favorable conditions), by
mule-back over the mountains to the
plateau on which the capital is situ-
ated Cthree days. and then a thirty
mile ride over a narrow-gauge railway,
which has only within a few years re-
placed the stage coach II often re-
quires six months to transport freight
from Barranquilla 10 Bogota.
Pestiferous Insects.
Anyone deciding to make the Bogota
trip. writes the Hon. William L.
seruggs. late envoy extraordinary TO
Colombia, must prepare to rough it.
Leave all notions of luxury behind.
Provide your own mosquito-bars before
leaving Barranquilla, and see TO it
that they are close and strong, for
after passing the habitat Of the big
ga. unippers you will enter the domain
OF the pestiferous little sand fly, which
is even more annoying; and when you
reach Honda you viii have the fieas.
for which I know of no remedy. DO not
be offended at the odor OF garlic on
your boat or at your hotel; it is quite
harmless, and you will soon get used
to it. Never ask for or even think of
ice water Cultivate a liking for tile
floors mever over clean) and for cross
legged cots, which We're once white.
Let brandy severely alone. and put a
little quinine into your glass of tepid
river water before drinking it. Never
battle before 10 o'clock in the morn
ing or after 4 o'clock in the after
noon. and avoid night draughts and
dews as YOU would a pestilence."
The Washington times., 1903-11-22

IN dispute. and no accurate figures are
obtainable. The same uncertainty pre-
walls regarding the population, which IS
variOusly estimated at from 100000 to
100000. The chief cities are Bogota.
the capital. population estimated at 10O.-
600; Barranquilla. the chief port, popuia-
ton 1000: Medellin. population a. eco;
Panama. 10000; Cartagena, 10000, and
Bucaramanga. 10000.
Colombia is fertile and rich in miner
ais. but owing to the shiftless character
OF the people and the constant revolu-
lions. its vast resources have been
scarcely touched.
Wealth of Minerals.
Immense beds Of good coal are known
to exist in several sections. and gold,
silver copper and other valuable min
erals are already mined 10 some extent.
Along the seacoast and in the interior
valleys tropical conditions prevail. suit
able for the growth OF those agricultu-
raj products requiring great heat and
high humidity: while on the interior
plateaus and table lands. from 1900 70
s.OOQ feet above the sea. the products
Of the temperate zone can be probably
cultivated Many portions OF the coun-
try are heavily wooded with valuable
forests In Southwestern Colombia the
great Andean backbone or South Amer
Tea divides into three main branches,
which bear of toward the northeast
and form three river basins. which
drain the country from south 20 north.
These ranges are called. respectively,
the Western. Central and Eastern Cor
dilleras. In the valley west of the West
ern Cordilleras runs the Atrato River
which empties into the Gulf of Darien:
the valley lying between the Western
and Central Cordilleras contains the
Cauca River. and the most easterly OF
the three basins is drained by the Mag
daIena River. the great muddy internal
waterway of the country.
The Washington times., 1903-11-22

interest Of the court in conferred upon
him. His head is turned 50 as to see
and hear every word OF his powerful
opponent. In each man nations con-
hdenee is pictured. As one gazes the
figures seem to grow in size on account
of the wonderful artistic treatment and
action
The Washington times., 1903-11-22

The tasteful furnishings of the room
are ever in evidence, and make a fine
contrast with the chart OF Boring
Sea and tho comber costumes OF the
distinguished arbitrators. The brilliant
light on the mass OF books, papers, and
bright colorings in general made II n
most difficult task for the artist. for
the figures and personalities Of the com
The Washington times., 1903-11-22

judges are arranged are occupied by the
counsel and assistant counsel. A small
stand in the center, and near the judges.
Is the orators place. He is fianked by
the Official stenOgrapher. a passage
way separates the audience from the
court, and the civil usher. NJ. Gerard.
in the regalia OF his order. is seated
near the entrance OF the room.
The Washington times., 1903-11-22

appear 70 be arranged. and though the
back view OF a number of persons is
seen, the personality Of each is most
marked. For example. Mr.. Phelps,
though interrupted by his brilliant oppo-
nent. Sir Charles Russell, ia the heat
of argument, stands like a great monu-
ment Of intellectual strength. All the
The Washington times., 1903-11-22

mission must necessarily remain Dromi-
nent Herein is the pictures greatest
merit. Everyone seems TO be acting
and moving, and though the principal
personages are in the most distant part
of the room they command the specta-
tors immediate attention. In this re-
The Washington times., 1903-11-22

THE Republic OF Colombia. ike
several others Of the south
4 American states, is a republic in
little more than name and out
ward form, When not in the throes of
one OF IT pee,odic revolutions. it is at
the mercy Of I military dictator. 1t has
already had seven constitutions. and the
march Of political events is so rapid that
its own historians can hardly keep pace
with them. Colombian history during
the past eighteen years is characterized
by Senior Morales as one OF unprece-
dented misgcvernment, confusion. and
tyranny. In form the government
comprises "A senate OF twenty-seven
members. a house Of representatives Of
sixty-six members elected by universal
male suffrage for terms Of four years.
and president whose term OF Office
Is six years.
Universal Suffrage"
The operation Of universal suffrage
II Colombia Is thus described by senior
Morales: Election day I'm the cities and
towns OF Importance was one for the
display Of power and violence. The
troops garrisoaed there, and the police.
tson the first hours Of the day, headed
By their chiefs. surrounded the election
tables and proceeded 20 deposit their
votes. In thar proceeding they nearly
exhausted the time allotted by the law
for the purpose 20 the citizens; for each
soldier and each police agent voted IN
der two distinct names and under more
81 necessary The free citizen who
might venture an effort TO break
through that barrier Of soldiers to ap-
.roaeh the Urn and deposit his vote
was ill-used. beaten. wounded, ana
threatened with death By the chiefs Of
The forces and the police /" Regarding
the present government under President
J u. Marroquin. senor Morales writes:
"A government de facto rules the
country by the power OF its bayoncts.
backed by no POLITICAL party"
Area AID Chief Cities.
The area Of Colombia. excluding Pan
anna. the most westerly OF the nine de-
The Washington times., 1903-11-22

Memorial of an Epoch in the
History of Arbitration Fas-
tened by the Painters Brush
on the ScrolIof Chronology.
Seven Renowned Judges
on the Bcnch-A Gallery Of
LikeneSses ThatAppears to
Be All Action x = x
The Washington times., 1903-11-22

Boring Sea Court of Arbitra-
ton Immortalized on Can
vas-Picture of the Inter
national Tribunal to Be
Shown in the Art Depart
ment OF the St. Louis Ex-
position Portraits of Emil
nent Lawyers X x x
The Washington times., 1903-11-22
Bogota, the Capital.

The capital may also be reached by the
following route; Steamer from Panama
20 Buena Ventura, narrow-gauge rail
road from Buena Ventura to San jose,
twenty-one miles 0his road is shown on
The Washington times., 1903-11-22
Navigable Rivers.

The Canca ana Magdalena Rivers,
flowing north, finally unite and empty
into ting Caribbean Sea. The AIagdalena
IS navisable for river steamers Of con-
siderable size 10 Honda Ohe steamers
The Washington times., 1903-11-22
Area AID Chief Cities.

The area Of Colombia. excluding Pan
anna. the most westerly OF the nine de-
partments into which Il was divided
s. estimated "a 479,030 square miles. but
several 0f the boundary lines are stin
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1903-01-03

ions is the one now intended to be the
guiding principle for the United States
in international intercourse and world
politics Some very d"licatr and difficult
situations hav" developed To test the
quality of this new diplomacy. but il is
felt by the Administration that steady
progress is being made toward strength.
cning the position of the United States.
1t is felt by the Administration that
very satisfactory progress has been made"
during the year 1902 in strengthening
the Monroe doctrine. The three events
of the year regarded as. perhaps. most
important in diplomacy are the adjust
ment of our differences with Great Rri-
tain, involving the ahr"gation of the
Clayton-Bulwcr treaty and Il more
friendly disposition with respect t" our
relations with the British North .\mcr-
can possessions: the achievements of the
State Department in defense of the Mon
roe doctrine in the Venezuela affair. and
the success Of Secretary Hays Roum-
anian letter in behalf of the Jews. recent
advices showing that the note is having
an influence toward the bcttcrmrnt of
the condition of the Jews in that
country.
| The Monroe doctrine has been in great
jeopardy 1T times. and the opinion is
held by some that mistakes have been
made and too great risks run in pursuing
the policy of frankncSs: but, either by
good fortune or through the force of
heretofore untricd methods of diplomacy.
difficulties that have arisen have been
overcome or seem about to pass away.
and it is the feeling of those in authority
that, while the year has been one of
action. not without anxiety. there has
been progress. with an element of tri-
umph for American diplomacy. =. NJ.
Washington Correspondence Baltimore
Sun.
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1903-01-03
LESLIE SCHOOL.

The pupils Of Leslie School gave Il
very successful entertainment on Tues
day evening. December 23rd 1902. all
taking their parts in very crcditabc
manner. The amount realized was
S1O.S2, which will he devoted to school
purposes. The program was as follows :
Chorus, "Christmas Tree" by the
School.
Recitation. 'Wclcomc." Maidic Bryson
Recitation. The Little Sock" Il. Ben
jamn.
Solo, Hello Central" Emma Taylor
Dialogue, "Mothcr's Club" Allie Old
ham, Mary Benjamin. Ella Taylor. N.
Leonard.
Chorus, "Maryland, My Maryland" by
the School.
Recitation. Pats Love Letter." Carrie
RrySon.
solo. "Whilc the Leaves Came Drift
ing Down" Anna Logan.
Dialogue. "Backwoods School," Os-
wald Hunt Ella Taylor Amos White
head, Thomas Bryson. Mary benjamin.
Austin Taylor, NJ. Logan.
Recitation. "Kriss Krinklc's Surprise.
NJ. Logan.
Recitation, Pat and the Pig Blanche
Logan.
Recitation. BE Polite" Walter Logan
Chorus. "Cndcr the Shade of the
Trees" by the School.
Recitation. The Reason Why" Ella
Taylor.
solo, While the Band is Playing
Dixie" Bessie Taylor,
Dialogue, "Arkansas Traveller" Os-
valid Hunt and Malcolm Logan
Recitation. Socrates Snooks," Anna
Logan.
Recitation. "A Model Woman" Allie
Oldham.
Duet, My Old New Hampshire
Home" Bessie and Emma Taylor.
Tambournc Drill, BY Eight Girls.
Recitation, "Santa's Secret" NJ. Ben
jamin.
Chorus, Mill May" by the School
Recitation, The Modern Belle" +.
Taylor
solo. My Dolly" Ella Taylor
Recitation. "A Christmas Thought"
VI. Leonard
Dialogue. "The 'anvassing Agent
Blanche Logan. Anna Logan, Oswald
Hunt and Malcolm Logan.
Recitation, Little Elf Blanche Logan
Motion Song, Little Mothers" Eight
Girls.
Recitation. Books" Edward Russell
Recitation. My Kitty" Alice GreiSt.
Duet, Kiss Me Honey DO" Oswald
Hunt and Blanche Logan.
Dialogue, "Arabellas Poor Relations"
Olive Benjamin, Carrie Bryson, c. Lo-