The sun., 1903-02-08

| WnlCn were WrOugnJ Dy INC CsyP'iaii' III
the fourth dynasty could never have been
produced by men who few hundred years
before had been in savage or nearly
savage state The correctness OF these
views has now been proved, and II Is known
that Menes or Mena, though he seems
TO have been the first King to reign over
both Upper and Lower Egypt, was not
the first King in the Nile Valley. and tina,
the phase Of civil alton which Is revealed
to us by the works OF the dynastic Egyptians
did not spring up ready-made. so TO speak
| during the reign OF the sovereign named
N IN certain that numbers OF independent
| kings must have ruled both in the DeNa
and in Upper Egypt long before Men's
| The names Of some Of the early kings OF
| the North are preserved on the Steie ol
| Palermo, and Prof, Petrie has found a,
| Abydos both tombs and certain iunereai
objects OF Kings Of the South, q. g. i"
| and Ka. 1t has been demonstrated tha'
before dynastic times the Egyptians were
| acquainted with the art OF Writing 'ne
| earliest example Of an Egyptian nero
glyphic which we possess being apparently
| the sign for King OF the South which
was found cut in relief on STATE oolec'
| Of the re-dynastic period from A-A'hran
The civilization or these pIe-oyhas'ie
kings of the North and Kings Of the South
differed In many respects from that oi
the dynastic Egyptians ana Dr, ouoee
sees nothing to be surprised at III tne ihc''
AZ he IL one Of the students who believe
| that the pre-dvnastic inhabitants OF 'he
| Nile Valley differed ethnically from the
dynastic Egyptians. although some writer's
think otherwise.
The author of the book before US holds
that the latter part OF the pre- -dynas,ic
period and the age Of the first three dy-
nasties may be conveniently grouped to-
pether as a period which can he called
archaic" during which period Egyptian
civilization developed rapidly. The earlier
nrs.dvnastic inhabitants OF the Nile Valley
spranp from one of the Indigenous non
Nsproid races OF northeast Africa, whlle
tho Esyptia ians OF history were people
vhose parents on the one side were origi-
na,ly of northeast African. but on the
other side OF Asiatic origin. The de-
scendants Of the indigenous folk were con-
ouered by the immigrants from Asia. VINO
se,med to have been bigger and heavier
and to have been better armed, thelr
weapons being perhaps OF metal. me
newcomers seemed to have taught the
men they vanquished the arts and crafts
Of which, up to that time. they we're isho-
rant. and, in turn, to have adopted thehi-
selves a number Of indigenous northeast
African customs. The CIVILIZATION oi 'te
dynastic Egyptians contained then'
northeast African as well as an Asiatlc
element, and the influence OF the pelle's
and ideas Of the pre-dynastic Egyptians
which made itself felt chiefly in the re-
l;oious character Of it's development was
never eradicated from il. The immigra-
ton OF the conquering people from ASIA
must have taken place between the earlier
and later pre-dynastic period. The m
vaders seemed to have come from the
south. that is TO say, from Abyssiria, or
from so,t hwestern Arabia. II from Abys-
sinia. they had made only temporary
so,ourn in that country. The recent ex-
caya,ions, however, which have given Us
this knowledge, do not help us TO assign
dates 10 either one or the other OF the
phases Of the pre-dynastic civlli'atioh oi
Egypt. 1t is impossible to estimate 'h
years the lengths OF the fa 'iihlc anu
Neolithic periods in Egypt, but that these
periods existe ed in Egyp: il taken Tor granted
in the work before US on the authority oi
De Morgan and other eminent experts.
The term Neolithc IL applied TO that PERIOD
in pre-dynastic times when men had learned
N write. and the term Pa!0 ,iithic TO that
.till earlier phase Of its civilization which
sristed when men could not write.
Let us now glance more in detail at the
ded,ctions drawn from the excavat ions that
have been made in the pre-dynastic ceme-
teries OF Egypt. In the first volume oi
this work the author sums up the inior-
nation derived from the examination OF
tho objects found in these cemeteries,
and thus endeavors to give the reader an
i.,ea Of the physical characteristics and
c,st ops OF the men who inhabited the
Nile Valley before the dynastic period
haoins with the accession of Menes to
supremacy over both Upper and Lower
Erypt. The pre- -dynastic Egyptians. by
vbicb IN here meant that stratum of them
which was indigenous to North Africa,
h.lonOed TO a white or light skinned race
with fair hair, that in many particulars
resembled the Lbyans. who in later hlstori
cal times lived very near the western bank
OF the Nile, and at one epoch conquered the
Epvptians and established Lbyan dynasty.
Tbey were doichocephalic. or long
headed. e., the diameter OF their skulls
from side to side, or the transverse diameter,
bore a less proportion to the longitudinal
diameter, that is from front to back. than
eight to ten. Hence they were. both phys-
cally and mentally. entirely different from
| the Egyptians. whose skulls in respect OF
measurements occupy middle position
| between the dolichocephalc and the
brachyoephahc, or short headed men,
The hair of both sexes was short. and the
boards OF the men were long and pointed.
but turned up at the points; the faces OF
both men and women were regular and
oval in shape, and the lips projected but
slightly.
The ewes Of the women were almond
sbaped and very broad, and they were
shaded with heavy arched eyebrow
the figures Of the women were comparn-
lively slim, their thighs were broad and
their feet Of moderate size. with In some
cases good instep. Both men and women
seemed to have had slightly sloping shoul-
der, and TO have been little above tie
| average height and not OF heavy type
| in their build. They seemed 10 have tattoo
ed their bodies with figures OF animals and
with wavy lines, but tho direct evidence