davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Las Vegas daily optic. [volume] (Las Vegas, N.M.) 1880-1908, 1903-12-04
Ferguson and johnson to Meet.

SAN FRANCISCO. Cal, Dec. A.
Patrons Of the roped arena are look-
ing forward to a lively battle tonight
when Jack johnson, the colored
heavyweight champion, and Sandy
Ferguson, the Boston heavyweight,
come together for q twenty-round
bout. The affair is to be pulled #
under the auspices Of the Coma
club. Ferguson's stock has recently
taken boom by reason Of his defeat
OF Joe Walcott, but whether he Is cfsv-
er enough to stack up against Johl'
son Is question in the minds OF the
local fight followers. Both men are
hard hitters and whichever way the
decision goes the contest Is expected
to be one of the liveliest seen here.
aoouts in long time. The two men
have completed their work OF prepara,
tion and appear to be in the best pos
sible condition for the battle.
Las Vegas daily optic. [volume] (Las Vegas, N.M.) 1880-1908, 1903-12-04
Defies Time
and Dynamite
ElGHTY-ElGHTH ANNIVERSARY
OF DEAN or WALL STREET
REToLD TALE.

Sage Defies Time and. Dynatniters.
NEW YORK. Dec. fl have lived
to celebrate the twelfth anniversary
of my lucky escape said Russell
Sage, the dean Of Wall street, today
in reference TO his escape from dea'h
on Dec. 4, 1891. at the hands OF a
lunatic, who exploded dynamite In the
aged financier's ofiics. Il expect to
live to see the twentieth anniversary.
II am spared until then will b. In
my ninety.sixth yeara pretty old
man.
IL was just twelve years ago today
that the financial worli and the pub.
lie in general were startled by the
news Of the attempt on Mr.. sage's life.
On that day Henry Norcross Of Bos.
ton approached Mr.. Sage and demand.
ed several hundred thousand dollars.
threatening unless II was immediate
ly paid TO drop on the fioor a valiso
he carried ami which he said was fill.
ed with dynamite.
Mr.. Sage did not produce the money
promptly enough. and his visitor let
the satchel fall. A terrific explosion
occurred. Mr.. Sage was practically
unharmed, the mad visitor was blown
70 pieces. a clerk named Laiiiaw was
badly injured and the ONCE was
wrecked. Afterward Laidlaw sued
Mr.. Sage. claiming that the financieI
used him as q shield. The case has
been fought through many courts and
Is yet unsettled.
Las Vegas daily optic. [volume] (Las Vegas, N.M.) 1880-1908, 1903-12-04
The Czarowitz
is twenty-five
slcKLy GRAND DUKE WHO MAY
eEcoME RULER or ALL
THE RUSSIANS.

ST. PETERSBURG, Dec. i.--Relig-
ious services were held throughout
the empire today In celebration OF the
twenty.ifth birthday Of Grand Duke
Michael, heir apparent 70 the throne,
who was born on Nov. 22,o. $. tDec.4)
1878. The services also included
Thanksgiving for the Czarinas pro
gress toward recovery.
Notwithstanding the fact that he
appears destined to become the Czai
OF all the Russians the Czarowitz Il
probably the least known publicly o.
any Of the members Of the imperia
family, and it is dfmcult 70 realize
that the frail, sickly youth. who wal
never expected to reach manhood, =
now twenty-five years old.
The Grand Duke Is the third sol
OF the late Car Alexander Ill, and a.
. youth he gave promise Of q usefti
future, though his elder brother
GrandDuke George. heir apparent Z
the throne. naturally came n for
Las Vegas daily optic. [volume] (Las Vegas, N.M.) 1880-1908, 1903-12-04
Accurate Description Of District Given By |. ".
Gales, an Experienced Mining Man
NO EXAGGERATIONS IN REPORTS
Placer Grounds Cover Seventy Square Miles, $500 Taken
for Six Inches If Earth, Five Feet by Three

The citizens of Las Vegas are taking
much interest In the gold discovery
in Apache canyon, Sierro county. Ey-
cry day interested persons call at The
Optic Office seeking the latest news.
Several prospectors and miners have
quietly departed for the diggings. 9th
ers Will go. 1t seems likely that San
Miguel county will be well represent
ed in the new fields.
The Optic is well acquainted with.
L. w. GALES, district manager of the
State Life Insurance company He
lived many years in the Hills
boro district, is an experienced
mining man and cautious and con-
servative What is probably the most
accurate and comprehensive story of
the district yet told was given yes
terday by Mr.. Gales to the Albuquer-
que Citizen. Mr.. Gales spent some
time on the field and has gone back
to the district. He said:
Accounts of this wonderful find
have not been exaggerated. was in
credulous myself at first, but | believe
now it will prove the biggest thing
in the gold line New Mexico has ever
known"
The gold was first discovered by
Bernard Silva, his six brothers and
Ramon Rodriguez In gulch near
! Apache gap. and eighteen miles nearly
dur east of Hillsboro. Almost at the
name time Manuel Stapelton and Felix
lrujillo, with the father and several
Dscthers OF Trujillo. found gold in an
other gulch, but in the near neighbor
hood. Since then better finds have
been made fully six miles from the
first ones.
The placer grounds extend fron
Apache Gap distance Of fifteen miles
down the Rio Grande to Green canyon
and from near the river to distance
of five miles to the east. The whole
country Is very rough, being the west
ern foothills Of the CabaIlo mountains
while the hills themselves are cut b.
innumerable galehes. 1t is in thes,
gulches that the placer ground hal
been found lying on bedrock, and GOV
cred BY but few inches Of coars,
sand made up q granite and lime
Gold. however, has not been disco,
cred in all the gulches, not because i
may not be there, but because tn
sand is much deeper in some place
than In others In fact, as one ds
scends the river the Dip of the be
rock increases.
But while gold has not vel bee
found in all the gulches, Il has bee
found on the divides between IN
gulches, in a gold bearing cement IN
Las Vegas daily optic. [volume] (Las Vegas, N.M.) 1880-1908, 1903-12-04

components of which are the same as
that Of the placer sands; and many
are Of the opinion that this cement
Gaping Of the ridges will be found
richer In gold than even the sands
themselves. "The cement Gaping"
said Mr.. GALES, seems to stand on
end, and reminds me of the descrip-
tions have read Of the same char
actersof formation in the South Afri-
can gold fields"
The principal rush of people, so far,
has been from Ell Paso, though they
are beginning TO come in now from all
directions, as many as fifty arriving
in day. But little has been done in
the way Of working the claims, every
one being too busy in locating claims.
What little work has been done is Of
peculiar character. The prospector
selects the place he is going to try,
rakes off the surface with his hand
for few inches, blows away the re-
naming sand down to bedrock, then
moistens the end Of match with spit
tie, and with this picks up the flakes
of gold which lie exposed after the
sand has been blown away.
One man in this way from piece
of land about five feet long by three
/ feet wide, and at no greater depth
than six inches. obtained 5000 Of gold
BY weight. Mr.. GALES hae rial with
$225 worth Of gold in It, which he had
obtained in that way in about ten min
utes.
The gold is Of dull yellow color
and chiefly in flakes or grains, the
largest nugget SO far found being
worth $3.50. This is natural, as the
large nuggets will follow the dip oi
the bedrock to greater depths. The
value OF the gold, which is nearly pure
has been placed at $19 pennyweight
1 Mr.. Gales denies the story Of the
! discovery having been made through
/ the assistance Of an old Mexican
chart; but says that twenty-five years
ago the Apache Indians used TO *
there for gold. So they said, but the
whites did not believe them, thinking
they had gotten the gold from placer!
near Hillsboro. The Mexicans. how
4 ever, believed the Indians and more ol
less effort has since been made b,
them to discover the Indian placers.
!, Two years ago Mr.. Gales hunted al
, over this now famous section, and kill
J ed deer on almost the identical spo
| where the Silvas found the first gold
Indeed, while conducting hotel a
j Hillsboro. which he did for man.
i years, he actually entered claims ol
. part Of the now gold bearing dis
. trict.
Las Vegas daily optic. [volume] (Las Vegas, N.M.) 1880-1908, 1903-12-04
MARTIAL Law DECLARED
IN CRIPPLE CREEK.
Governor Peabody Declares Big Gold Camp In
State Of oflnsurrecton, and Civil Autho.
rites Helpless.

DENVER, Colo. Dec. 4.--Governor
Peabody At noon today issued q proc
lamation declaring Cripple Greek I'm.
der martial law and suspending the
writ Of habeas corpus. He declares
the gold camp II in . state Of insur.
rection and rebellion and that the
civil authorities are powerless. In
support Of his action he cites the
moving up of portion Of the vlndica,
tot mine and other acts Of iaw,ess.
ness, And declares that II Is impossible
TO control the turbulence Of the camp
by ordinary. pesceable methods. The
military will now deal with all a..
legged Offenders.
Governor Peabody says In his proc.
lsination that II appears to his salts.
faction that there exists In Teller
county. Colorado. one or more organ.
izatIons controlled by desperate men.
who are IntImidating the civil author.
tiles and who are setting At defiance
the constitution and laws Of the state
Of Colorado. and that citizens Of the
said county. by reasons Of threats, in.
Limitations and crimes committed by
certain Iawicss persons Of said county
are unable TO enjoy their civil rights.
He further sAys that the civil authori'
lies have shown themselves unable 70
Las Vegas daily optic. [volume] (Las Vegas, N.M.) 1880-1908, 1903-12-04
1elegraphic
Brevities
TOOL or SAM PARKS ooEs TO
BlAckWELL,s--sTRlkERs
GO NORTH.

Geo Woods, millionaire banker Of
Des Moines, Killed himself today over
domestic troubles.
A large quantity OF dynamite, sup
posed to belong to the car barn band
Its. was unearthed today In Chicago
A hundred strikers left Trinidad
for northern fields today, A hundred
and seventy-fivc men arrived at Hast
ings. Primrose and Cedar Hill last
night 10 work in the mines.
Ex-Congressma VIM. Nj. Springer
of Illinois. q democratic leader, died
iii Washington today Of pneumonia.
The H. d. Lee grocery at Sallna,
the largest in Kansas, Is burning.
Loss. one million. insurance. $350,O00
Eleven coal miners we're killed today
at Montegnee, Belgium through the
breaking Of rope by which the cage
was being hauled up. The men were
precipitated to the bottom Of the uit
and we're horribly mangled.
Premier villaverde, OF Spain, who
yesterday rendered his resignation
from the cabinet to King Alfonso, ow
ing to the republican opposition IL
the passage Of the budget bill, has
declined to form q new cabinet AM
has advised the king to entrust Tho
task to Senor Maura, former minis
tier OF the interior.
Timothy Mccarthy, walking dele
gate Of the Housesmith's and Bridge
mems union. who was convicte OF ex
tortion. was today sentenced 70 se,v'
q year In the penitentiary On BLACK
wells island. In sentencing him, RI
corder Con said that Mccarthy wa
simply q tool Of Sam Parks aad tha
he took this into consideration in NJ.
sentence.
Las Vegas daily optic. [volume] (Las Vegas, N.M.) 1880-1908, 1903-12-04
Says Settlement Made il That District Ensures
Fair Wages and Fair Hours
NO TIP AS TO AGREEMENT IN THE SOUTH
Labor Leaders Speech al Trinidad Model Of Conseatisn
Magnificent Personality efthe Man

closely yesterday and observed his
every action. looked into his soft
brown eyes and analyzed his man
nerisms. sat behind him on the
speakers stand a. he faced the multi
tude and listened eagerly 10 his
words.
Here was no silvery tongued ora
tor, no man OF pyrotechnical rhetorics
Here was no infammatory agltator
nor a Moses promising TO lead the
hosts ol unionism into promised
land where the mamma OF toll dropped
Into the outstretched hands that
labored not. That brown eye did not
hypnotize ana the manner did not
Ioyerawe. Mr.. Mitchell knew whereof
| he spoke and his manner was earnest
Iand forceful. but only when he left
the rostrum did learn his great
strength.
Ali the women adore John Mitchell
and women rule the world. whether
that world be . mvcromosm Of misery
and toll or the giittering empire
where mammon IL monarch.
when the speaking was over and
Mr., Mitchell was descending the rath-
or uncertain plank walk down hon
the platform the women rushed y the
beloved leader from All sides This
was the tirst display Of sentinent
touring the day. They begged and En-
treated 70 shake ~ handN And
among them, his head barred to the
cutting breeze, walked the powerful
leader OF miners as meek ~ the
lowliest.
/ Was any one neglected or siiyhted!
mot II he knew II. There VAS .
smile and a hearty handsshake Tor all.
III was We'll, how do yon do. kary'
here and Well II that a'int Annie
There annie" tried to explain that
Ishe was the cooks wife and had met
! him in Illinois, but that was super
Ilatise, for he knew her before she
spoke and old her her husbands
name. II there Is ever a man in this
woman's family who can do a thing
lfor John Mitchell she VIII see that ne
! does 1t.
And the babies, How he paited
their dirty cheeks and tweaksd shsir
noses and chucked them und,r the
chin. Gifts OF gold could mel have
pleased their mothers SO well, and 1t
is q moral certainty that future bap-
lies viii be named for John Mitchell.
Women In droves actually soilowed
John Mitchell through the dusty lot,
but they did not crowd out The men.
/, Mitchell saw to that. He picAsd out
, "Jim,' who worked with him st stark
vile fourteen years ago, and laid bid
9 hand affectionately on his shoulder
and there was . look in that mans
I eyes which clearly told that he wouk
gladly face any danger just then had
, John Mitchell asked Il"
Las Vegas daily optic. [volume] (Las Vegas, N.M.) 1880-1908, 1903-12-04
TO Unite Against smoet.

WASHINGTON, ID. q. Dec. A.
The movement begun by the national
congress Of mothers 10 prevent II pos
sible the seating Of the United States
Senator Smoot Of Utah is expected
to come to = head today with . mass
meeting at the New willard hotel
at which resolutions Of protest will
be drawn up and later submitted 70
President Roosevelt and to the sen.
ate. The organization seeks to enlist
the support OF all churches, womsn's
clubs and other bodies and individuals
who believe that the seating Of the
Utah senator would b. . menace v
fhx hoaun anS- - Ako-uuuof
Las Vegas daily optic. [volume] (Las Vegas, N.M.) 1880-1908, 1903-12-04

newspaper workers ever held The
invitations have been sent to leading
journalists throughout the world. The
National Editorial association Of the
United States has voted to meet In
st. Louis at the same time, and
among the state press associations
which have alreadyidecided to partlc'
ipste IN the gathsrins are those Of
Kentucky. Utah, North Dakota, Min.
nesota, Mississippi Massachusetts,,
California and New York. The ses.
sions OF the parliament will be held
in the morning In Festival Hall and
the afternoons and evenings will be
devoted to viewing the sights Of the
exposition.
Las Vegas daily optic. [volume] (Las Vegas, N.M.) 1880-1908, 1903-12-04
World,s Pres, Parliament.

ST. LOUIS. Mo-, Dec. 4.-The exe
cutive committee having in charge
the Worlds Press Parliament to lie
held In ST, Louis next May has an
nounced tentative plans for the gath
ering, The parliament will include
representative newspaper men from
every country where newspapers are
published. Arrangements already por-
fected indicate that Il will be the arg.
est and most notable gathering Of
Las Vegas daily optic. [volume] (Las Vegas, N.M.) 1880-1908, 1903-12-04
Protest lnnoes sacs.

CRIPPLE CREEK. Colo. Dec. -
@. @. Kennison, sherman Parker and
W. r. Davis. executive committee Of
the Western Federation Of Miners for
this district, against whom informa-
tons were fled yesterday in the dis.
trict court, charging them with muir
der and conspiracy to murder. are
now confined In the county jail. but
can obtain their freedom on furnish.
Ing bonds Of $4,000 each. the sum Al
which ball has been fixed. The &c
cused men say they court the fullest
investigation Of their conduct during
the strike and that the charges against
them were trumpet up to get them
out Of the way. An oficial statement
issued by the district union declares
them and others under arrest limo
cent Of the crimes Of murder and train
wrecking. and conspiracy to murder
and says that the Justice dispensed n
the district II : "disgracs TO . civil
lied community"
Las Vegas daily optic. [volume] (Las Vegas, N.M.) 1880-1908, 1903-12-04
England's Plum. Pudding. Industry

England's Plum Pudding Industry.
LONDON, Dec. with the ap.
proach Of Christmas, the plum pnd-
ding industry of England-which so
far has been called upon to repel any
American invasion other than that
made up of consumers---is in its glory
From, London tons of feastive pudding
find their way all over the world.
One firm in Oxford street, among
the best known makers OF plum .,ld.
ding, sells each Christmas about $50
tons Of the product, which, roughly
estimated, amounts to nearly 100000
puddings. These are sent not only 70
lail parts of England, but also to
English people resident in Hong Kong.
Rhodesia. Australia. Canada and oth.
er quarters of the globe. Formerly
the duty of nearly SO per cent kept
the United States from importing
very many of the puddings, but since
this has been abolished the sales in
this country are largely increased
and this Christmas will see several
thousands shipped across the Atlantic,
many Of them destined for points as
far distant as San Francisco.
Las Vegas daily optic. [volume] (Las Vegas, N.M.) 1880-1908, 1903-12-04
Baltimore Again on Pusllls.ie Map.

Baltimore Again on PuoIIIstie Map.
BALTIMORE. Nd. Dec. 4.--Tonight
witnesses the resumption Of the night
Ing game in Baltimore after kong
period Of idleness for the local nght-
ers and their followers. The opsnhg
show Is given BY the Eureka Athletic
club. which has arranged an attractive
program Of events. The star feature
Of the show is to De nfteen-round
contest between the two Baltimore
featherweights. Billy whistler and
Joe TipmAn.
Las Vegas daily optic. [volume] (Las Vegas, N.M.) 1880-1908, 1903-12-04
Ready for Big coursIna Meet.

SAN FRANCISCO Cal. Dec, ~
There are abundant Indications thst
the coursing meet to open 1t Union
Park tomorrow will be the most no.
table affair Of the kind ever pulled
on on the coast. The feature OF the
meeting win be the competition for
the John Grace Challenge Cup, which
is the richest coursins event in Amer.
lea. e
The half hundred or more feet grey.
hounds that will compete for the rich
stake represent well known kennels
OF Montana, Texas, Illinois, Nebraska.
Minnesota. Iowa and a number Of
other states.
Las Vegas daily optic. [volume] (Las Vegas, N.M.) 1880-1908, 1903-12-04
HoreL ARRIVALS.

Rawllns House: r. w. Miller, Boald-
er. Colo; Josiah Hale. Mora; ,. G.
HAYS. Guadalupita; Miss = n sAsepe.
Racine, Wis: Mrs. Chas. r. 6Aespe.
Grand Haven. Mich.
Nsw Optic: r. ). Miller. Newton.
Kans., John Fears. Decatur. ".
II psrSds: jobs Furth. ChieSgs. ILL.,:
n. 6. Bowie. Rockford. ILL.,; = Il Bray
man. Denver; J. B. Herbert, Pueblo.
- Pension: J. w. Bond, Wasoa
Mound; J. G. Hall, Cimaron; Thos.
Upton, watrous; r. v. Clarh. Wa
trous; J. G. Upton. Chicago
castansda: 8. r. 0utermaA. New
York: A. staab. Santa ~: Otto Hin
termeister. Chicago; Andrew Warren.
watrous; II. D. Hallett. watwns; H.
Mcfarland. wAtrous: J. GolCnan. n
Paso; B. w. McCandlsss. AtcAisoa:
WIN. J. Howatt and wife. saata ";
r. 8. Thompson. Chicaso; O. J. seAas.
lach. New York: n. 4. Austin, KAnsss
City; L. A. Bland, Kansas CITY; :. o.
Lsary. Pueblo; ,. 4. yistsAss. 0t
caEo.
Las Vegas daily optic. [volume] (Las Vegas, N.M.) 1880-1908, 1903-12-04
Special to The Optic

opeclhi 70 lHe Opuc
TRINIDAD, Col, Dec. 4.--At s
o'clock this morning John Mitchell
started for Denver but he will stop
at Walsenburg enroute- Labor Com
missioner w. IL Montgomery left on
the same train with Mr.. Mitchell but
he will go straight through to Denver.
President Mitchell will reach Denver
tonight and Saturday morning, at
|9ss0 o'clock, he will meet Governor
Peabody. Mr.. Montgomery will ar
range for this,
During his brief stay in 'Walsen.
burg President Mitchell will meet
some Of the organizers who were not
able TO report % him at Trinidad, and
learn from them more about the sit
uation in Huerfano county.
Mother Jones and John 4. Gehr
went 70 Florence yesterday, and Or.
ganizer ]. Mooney returns to the
camp at Hastings today. ], n. Ream
and Christy Evans remain In charge
OF the Unions affairs In Trinidad
William Ward John who has charge Of
the transportation department alsc
remains here and he IL busy sending
men into the Northern fields, Presl
dent Mitchell has advised all the mer
who care 20 70 north, He has ex
plained 70 them that a settlement bal
besA ms4ie on the Pueblo bAsAs ans
that fair wages and fair hours prevail
Everybody who expected 70 get
clue yesterday from President Mitch
Iell's open air address as TO how neal
la settlement the strike situation II
at present were badly disappoint
ed. The president Of the miner
dropped no tip Of any sort. In fac
there were no deductions TO be draw
from what Mr.. Mitchell said, n
dealt in glittering generalities
4 The address was a model Of cor
seryatism. There were few crumb
OF comfort in Ii for the miners an
their families.
| Great speech, wasn't IL" said hi
TRUSTED Lieutenant Nothing Of you
lagitator Or your dynamite about hin
! Mitchell Il d level headed man to
you, and he will not lead his men int
anything they cant get out OF, Thi
was what the organizer said. An
many Of the ordinary people said th
same thing The men on strike ais
went home happy but not becaus
they had learned anything to thei
benefit. They were happy becaus
they listened to his voice and he ha
walked among them, hat In hans
graspIng them warmly BY the hans
speaking pleasantly TO their wivs
and patting their children on III
head.
have discovered why II Is this
John Mitchell has 30 strong . hol
Iupon his people. L followed hil
Las Vegas daily optic. [volume] (Las Vegas, N.M.) 1880-1908, 1903-12-04

larger share Of public notice. With
the death Of the latter few years
ago and the continued failure Of lle
pie sent Czarina TO Dear q son, II has
become more and moe Of q certain
ty that the young Grand Duke will
some day be summoned to sway tne
sceptor OF the vast Russian domain.
| he Is said by those intimately &C.
Quainted with him to be q typical
Russian In appearance and habits of
mind. AZ he has grown older he has
likewise grown stronger and more
sopunt and Is said to resemble his
lasner much more than does the pres.
sa' Car. This resemblance has won
ii MN high regard from the Rus
ssan people who have never become
ieoonciled 70 the idea Of being ruled
- n'te man such as Nicholas u
ine urand Duke Michael Is said ic
nav : strong sympathy with the Rus
80 na'onai aspirations Of "woslt
smp's, aad II Is believed be wonlc
~" ~ oO0ntry's advantages in ASH
ana 1ase : dominant attitude ~
: Lurope a,,., ss0.t y he inheri, the responsi
- Wv
ii a ye' ne sssns grand Duke is be
> iieved to Be Asart vAol. snd iancl
\ .le.. saousn snor has had him be
:, t,osneo 70 - rf'eesss Margaret o
2 eligible pr'nce''ss = Essoss.
Las Vegas daily optic. [volume] (Las Vegas, N.M.) 1880-1908, 1903-12-04

ulsd for 4 try.out against Jack Nc
Clellani. Of Pittsburg. tonight The
contest is to be the principal event or
the boxing show arranged by the
Bager Athletic club. The fight Is ex.
pected to be one Of the bess seen in
Milwaukee this season. In the semi
windup Jack Dougherty and Charlie
Berry win meet.
Las Vegas daily optic. [volume] (Las Vegas, N.M.) 1880-1908, 1903-12-04
Good Fights Promised.

MILWAUKEE,, Wis, Dec. Char.
lie Neary, the Milwaukee boxer who
has held his own with Buddy Ryan,
Young Mowatt, Eddie Santry and 9TH
er good men Of his class, is sched.
Las Vegas daily optic. [volume] (Las Vegas, N.M.) 1880-1908, 1903-12-04
CHICAGO Grain and provIsIons.

CHICAGO. Dec. 4--Quotations at
the close Of the market here today
we're as follows:
wheat--May. 50 5.sc; December
So 3.sms2 1-2c.
Corn--Dscember, l3e.
oats May. ss 5.sGas s4e; Dscsm1
ber IS i.2c. ~
Las Vegas daily optic. [volume] (Las Vegas, N.M.) 1880-1908, 1903-12-04

deal with these criminals" and bring
them 70 punishment or to perform
their duty by reason Of threats and
intimidatIons. or through fear or sub.
serviency TO Iawless and armed men.