The Montgomery advertiser., 1903-12-13

ports from the Secretaries of State and asS ana attorney General with respect to revolution in Nicaragua. stated ths poncy or this Government thus:
 It IS the established policy of the Onlted states to recognize all Govern. Lhenes without question of their sourca or thelr organization, or of the means ov, "hlcn the governing persons attain fbAIr power provided there be a Government oe Iacto accepted by the people of tha country, and with reserve only of the time as to recognition of revoIutjonor, government arising out of subdivision of parent States with which We are in reIa- tion or amity. We do not 20 behind the 1act Of foreign Government exercis- ing the actual power to Investieate ouas. Iohs or legitimacy; we do not Inquire into the causes which may have led to a change or Government" Presidents Mes. sages' volume 5. page S72.
 President Pierce, commenting unon +ha contents of these reports said thev re- IdIeo to questions of the highest import ance and interest to the people of inc united States" that ''the narrow IsthrnuS which connects the continents of North ana south America, by the facilities 1t af- Iords Tor easy transit between the At- lahtlc ana Pacific Oceans, rendered the countries of Central America an obfect
 
 nations, which has been greatly augment- ca In modern times by the operation of changes in commercial relations especial Iy those produced by the general use of steam as motive power by land and sea" and that "impelled by these consid- erations, the United States took steps at an early day to assure suitable means of commercial transit by canal. railway or otherwise across this isthmus." ID. 16S-9
 of ia af he time was William L, Marcy and the Attorney General was Caleb Cushing MT. Dobbins was Secretary of the Navy and Jefferson Davis was Secretary of War. Did ever a President have aber advisers. It is fact that President Pierce's cabi- net is the only one in the history of our government which remained intact during an entire Presidential term.
 Naturalization of the Canal the His
 Aoric Policy.
 The policy of q neutralized canal may be said to be the historic policy of the United States It was embodied in the New Grenada treaty of 1S46 It's operation was enlarged and extended in the Clay ton-Bulwer treaty of 1850. The contract ing parties in that convention engaged ito invite every state with which both or either had friendly intercourse to enter into stipulations with them similar to those which they entered into with each other" and with such of the Central American States as they might deem ad- Avisable for the purpose of carrying out the great design Of that convention, name ly, that of constructing and maintaining the said canal. as a ship communication between the two oceans, for the benefit of mankind on equal terms to all. and Of protecting the same"
 It was because the Freelinghuysen- Zavala treaty proposed to depart from this policy that President Cleveland inl- mediatelv after entering upon the duties of his office March f. 1885. withdrew that convention from the consideration of the Senate where it was pending for ratifica- ton. That treaty was based upon the idea that such canal is 'primarily domestic means of water communication between the Atlantic and Pacific shores Iof the two countries which united for Its construction (Nicaragua and the United States). the one contributing the territory and the other furnishing the money there for" President Cleveland said in his first annual message, with respect to this ac- ton of his. that attentive consideration of its provision led him to withhold the treaty from re-submission to the Senate. Maintaining as he did. the tenets of line of unbroken precedents from Wash , ington's day" he said he was unable to recommend propositions involving para mount privileges of ownership or right outside of our own territory when coupled with absolute and unlimited engagements ! to defend the territorial integrity of the State where such interests lie" He fur ther said: Whatever highway may be constructed across the barrier dividing | the two great maritime areas of the world must be for the worlds beneht-2
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