Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1903-12-12

l "A EOLIIICAL dlSTOh1 OF SLAVERY being an
Account Of the slavery Controversy from the
Earliest AgitatIons in the Eighteenth Century
Ameriss. BY william Henry Smith. author Of
The st Clair Paper:," etc With an introdue-
vonp ny "h Ne Reid wig pPrtra IN s6 5w
washington Woodward & Lothrop.
Mr.. William Henry Smith, at one time one
Of the best-known journalists Of the middle
| west, close friend of the public men of
that state for many years, was chosen by
the late Rutherford B. Hayes as his literary
executor and biographer. In the course of
the execution of this task Mr. Smith de-
cided that 1t was impossible to tell within
the appropriate limits of a biographical
work a story which he believed to be neces-
sary for the proper understanding of the
slavery issue and its settlement and the
influence 1t had on Gen. Hayes career. Ac-
| cerdingly he get about to prepare such a
story. his purpose being to narrate the
political history of the institution which
was crushed by the success of the Union
forces in the civil war. He died before his
work was published and before his biog-
raphy Of Gen. Hayes was completed. The
latter work. however. is sufficiently far
advanced to permit its conclusion by his
son.
Mr.. Reid, In his Introduction, points out
that Mr. Smiths history will prove a dis
appointment to those who seek in 1t a COM
plete account of slavery as an institution,
or full record of either abolition propa-
gandism or secession. or for detailed and
sequential narrative of the civil war. He
touched upon those matters as far as was
necessary to present the political history of
the hostility to slavery. Having set this
Limitation upon his task the author went
about 1t directly and his work is free from
much extraneous matter which would con-
fuse reader seeking only that which Mr..
Smith has presented. He lauds the work
of those men, hitherto comparatively
neglected in the chorus of praise accorded
to the abolitfonists, who sought to cure the
slavery evil by political methods rather
than sentimental. He believes that the
northern sentiment which resulted In the
election of Lincoln and the interpositon of
a firm obstacle to secession grew out of
the quiet work of the practical politicians,
rather than the utterances of perfervid
orators. He lays more stress upon the
achievements of Salmon P Chase than
upon those of Wendell Phillips. He be-
heves that Ohio formed as important a
nucleus for the free-soil agitation Mas
sachusetts. and he takes pains to refute
the assertion, made by other historians of
the anti-slavery movement, that the
aboltiondst sentiment in the middle west
was due to the emigration of New Eng
landerS.
The authors arguments to offset precon-
cedved ideas of the source and currents OF
the anti-slavery forces are quietly adj
citations from original manuscripts, letters
and documents, serving to throw light upon
the minds of the men who worked so long
and finally so successfully to hold fast the
states which were in close touch with the
slave holding commonwealth of the south.
Mr.. Reid suggests that this work is APP
propriately issued at a time when it's lcs-
sons may be Of value to the people. He
says Of the anti-s1avery movement:
I'm essence 1t was from beginning to end
a struggle by free labor at the north to
free labor at the south. This story of the
political methods by which that end was
attained appears at an hour when the
region that was willing to spend million
lives and billion dollars to make labor
whether Its politicians Of today have The
same principles for home consum ption their
fathers had for export-what they are ready
TO do. If anything, to keep labor free now
at the north"
JAPANESE PHYSICAL TRAINING; the system
that has made the Mikado's People the Health,
lest. Strongest and Happiest Men and Women
IL the W0S BY I'll ahsr Sg
George J. Hare, jr. New York: G. P. Putnam's
Sons, Washington: Woodward & Lothrop.
The Japanese have for many generations
practiced "jiu-jitsu," a system Of exercise
and training and self-defense. They have
become, as a people. strong and hardy, ca
pable of great feats Of endurance. The
duLnOr Oh lDlS DOCK has C6VOl6Q seven years
to study Of 1t in all its phases, partly in
this country under the instruction Of Japa-
nese friends and later in Nagasaki under
Inouye San, instructor Of jiu-Jitsu in the po-
lice department Of that city. Later still he
took supplementary courses under native
teachers in Yokohama and Toxic. There
are six different systems of jiu-jitsu taught
in Japan. differing in details rather than in
ganeral pIan The authOr has Soupbt IN
combine the best features of all, although
basing his instructions upon those impaired
by Inouye San. In offering the outlines and
details Of the method of training to Ameri-
can readers he warns them against ignor-
ing the preliminaries. The whole science
cannot be mastered in a week. In Japan a
full course requires four years. But apart
from the necessity to ground the muscles
well In the first exercises and to subject the
body to rigid discipline through deep
breathing and frequent bathing and proper
diet, there Is a danger that the tricks and
practices which form part of the accom-
plished performers repertoire may be
attended with physical peril to either
the performer or his opposite in practice.
In the book the various tricks and ex-
ercises are illustrated by means of pho
tographs of two young Japanese One of
them Is noted as an admirable example
Of the effects of Jiu-jtsu upon the physi-
cal system Although weighing only 100
pounds. his strength exceeds that Of an
CENTURY OF EXPANSION: By Willis F1etch-
er johnson, AM, Lid With maps and In
dex New York: The Macmillan COMPANY
Washington: Brentano's.
The author of this compact volume points
out at the beginning that the term Eek
pansion' should not be considered as
meaning only territorial extension, and GER
tainly should not be applied only to the re-
cent extensions of the territory resultant
from the war with Spain. The country he
says, has been expanding ever since it was
born, just as the human being expands and
grows, physically and mentally, from the
moment of its birth. In this light he traces
the causes and effects of the various OUT
ward movements which have marked the
history of the United States. He notes, fur
thermore, the influence which such move
ments have had upon the national spirit and
life. For in its expansion. he points out,
the end does not come merely with the ac-
question of territory. With such acoufsi-
ton come new responsibilities, as we'll as
new opportunities, and thus the addition of
new lands to the realm produces an effect
upon the mental and moral life of the peo-
pie. He believes that the field for future ex-
pansion is in the West Indies, where the