davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Western news., 1903-01-14

! June IL, 1878, which had 70 appli-
cati N whatever to the said lands, be-
ing part of what is known, called
and designated Bitter Root valley
lands and which are subject to entry
only.
Third That it was an error to
reject said application to enter said
lands, because the honorable COM
missioner of the general land office,
acting under authority of the honor
able secretary of the interior, is al
legged to have withdrawn soia land,
from settlement for the reason that
there was no authority in law or 9TH
erwise conferred upon the honorable
sec retary IF the interior or honorable
commissioner OF the general land Of
flee, to withdraw from settlement any
portion of the lands in the Bitter
Root valley, Of which this land is a
part"
When the register and receiver de-
clared that the lands were not open
to entry they claimed that they had
no jurisdiction over three of the plats
in question because they had been
held for cancellation on proceedings
of the government. In the appeals
received today it is claimed that the
government never had instituted such
proceedings, and therefore the regis
ter and receiver did have jurisdiction
and should have recognized the ap-
plications.
The matter is one of the most inn
portant which has ever come up for
consideration in the local land office.
The lands amount to about 10000
acres, and there are from 50,0O0,OOO
to 75,OOO,OOO feet Of timber standing
no them.
The present applicants claim that
the original.entries made under the
timber and stone act are null and
void, as there are only two let's under
which entries can be made on what
are known as Bitte- Root valley lands.
These acts are those of June 5, 1872,
called the Clagget or pre-exemp,ion
act, and the act of July II, 1874, ex-,
tending the general homestead pro-
visions. The applicants for these
lands who today filed appeals are
very prominent people here, and the
decision of the commissioner of the
general land Office will bs looked for
with more than usual interest.
The Western news., 1903-01-14

My journey to the Bitter Root val
ley was at its start very melancholy
duty. came to see the place where
my only brother had spent so many
years of his life and to look upon his
lonely grave. 1t comforted and graft
fed me beyond expression to hear
everyone met give such testimony to
the strength and nobility of his char
acter and the largeness of his heart
and charity. 1t is fitting l should
leave his remains in his adopted land
among the people who loved him SO
we'll, and shall always think of him
as sleeping as peacefully at the foot of
mighty St. Mary as he would IN the
sepulchre of his sea-dog ancestors be-
side the wild North Sea.
With grateful thanks for SO many
kindnesses and best wishes for the fu-
ture prosperity of the dear old valley,
remain, dear sir,
Yours truly,
GEO. SHEPHERD.
The Western news., 1903-01-14
THE CLAIMANTS
ALL APPEAL
Garry Their Case to the General Land
Offlce-Final Decision Awaited
With Interest.

Dlissoula, Jan. 9.--Auother move
was made today by the claimants of
the Bitter Root valley lands. It will
be remembered that several works
ago number Of Mlssoula people filed
on lands in the Bitter Root valley, the
titles to which were in other people.
They filed on the lands, claiming that
the present titles had not been se-
cured in the right manner and that
the lands were open to entry. Later
the register and receiver of the land
office handed down decisions in which
they stated they had no jurisdiction
over the lands in question, and there
! fore could not recognize the applica-
, tions. These decisions were subject
to appeal within 80 days, and today
Attorneys Woody & Woody, H. H.
Parsons and William Q. Ranft, repre-
senting the claimants for the lands.
filed 81 appeals in the land office.
The appeals are directed to the com
missioner of the general land Office.
Most of the lands are covered by
patents, and when Register Daniel
Arms and Receiver E. A. Winstanley
handed down their decision respect
ing the application for entry, they
said that they had no jurisdiction
over patented lands. Respecting the
patented lands, the wording of each
of the appeals as to errors made in
deciding not to recognize the appli-
cation is as follows:
"First-That it was an error on
the part of the register and receiver
to reject said application, for the rea-
SOL that the patent heretofore issued
covering said lands is void, and that
therefore said lands are subject to
entry.
''Second-It was an error to reject
said application to enter for the rea-
son that the patent heretofore issued
was absolutely void on its face, 1t be-
ing the purpose of said patent to at
tempt to convey to said lands under
authority OF an act of congress of
The Western news., 1903-01-14

sired to initiate him. l know of no
reason for railroad existing unless to
benefit the country it passes through
and to receive the tribute Of the coun-
try in return. The Bitter Root rail-
road seems to have no such raison
d'etre. Surely a morning and even
ing service both ways might be ar
ranged so that the valuable time of
business men should not be wasted as
at present. Would it not be possible
to run light electric trolly.cars up the
valley and make it pay?
Second:-Your public roads are open
to much improvement. l was told that
when they are bad il is impossible to
mend them and when they are good
they don't need it But l saw them
when they were quite imprssible by
foot which is not in accord with "civi-
llzation." presume there is some
department takes taxes for looking
after them-wake them up.
Third:-Your wooden sidewalks are
y,
such thriving city as Missoula it is
disgraceful to find so many rotten and
dangerous places. added to which is
the folly of allowing fence gates to
swing over the sidewalk and be left so
in the dark.
Fourth:-I missed much the flower
gardens which the poorest in the old
country SO much delight in. Of course
this is not the time of flowers, but like
the top of "Old Uncle Ned's head" l
missed de place where de flowers ought
to grow. The love aud cultivation
of flowers is as Lord Bacon said, one
of the finest of earth's pleasures and
their influence most civilizing.
These things hope to find attended
to the hext time visit the valley.
The Western news., 1903-01-14
AN ENGLISHMAN'SO OPINION
OF BITTER ROOT VALLEY

more delight than your fair val
ley with its wide, stretching plains,
its rafting river and it's black noun.
tains which I watched at dawn and
sunset, by daylight and moonlight.
This added to your crystal clear at
mosphere and your marvellous climate
with these days of dazzling sunshine
such as I have never before seen in
November, did indeed surprise and
delight me and has made an impress
sion on my mind which l shall never
forget.
Under the kind conduct of Judge
Sloane and others l was admitted to
your courts, schools, fire brigades and
other public institutions and observed
everything of difference or advantage
of your methods and ours. Your courts
would make our judges horse hair
wigs stand on end. To see case ar
gued in shirt sleeves while smoking
was going on in the precincts was
funny IN the extreme. In your school
system you have something" to be
proud of. Your much talked of "Dec-
laration of Independence' needs no
revision in the Bitter Root valley for
I saw there Chinese, Japenese and ne
gro boys sitting side by side with
white boys and girls. You recognize
that the future belongs to the educated
nations as we'll as the individual, while
the British Parliment is at the moment
engaged in strangling our infane sys-
tenn of 80 years standing and are more
concerned that English children
should learn "the creed" than that they
should know the history and resources
of the United States.
If you will allow me the privilege of
the candid friend should like to point
out one or two matters which thought
might be improved.
First:-Your railroad service. AS
regards running to time there is room
for improvements from New York to
Hamilton. But the Bitter Root service
is simply abomniable. The Bitter
Root train seems to run 10 mock and
madden everyone. That straight line
it makes up the valley, avoiding such
feeders as Stevensville and Corvallis,
must have been drawn by the old Gear
Nicholas when he designed the Mos
cow railroad or by some fool who de-
The Western news., 1903-01-14
Filed for Record.

Deed. 7. Riddle to Oliver Heavi-
lin, 20 acres near Woodside; $500.
Patent-United States of America
to L, A. Pennoyer, 100 acres on west
side.
Patent-United States of America
to NJ. r. G. Mckinley, 135 acres nea,
Como.
Quartz Location-"Last Chance" in
Pleasant View district by E. A. Chill.
son. J. r. Hickey, VIM. Mccormick
and F. E. Gage; 20 acres.
Patent-United States of America
to James NJ. Buck, 100 acres on Burnt
Fork.
Deed-Benjam Mann to John
Bowling, 40 acres near Stevensville
$3.50.
Report of cattle slaughtered by May
Bros. for December; II head.
Deed-Thos. Bowrn to Chas. Ems
ley, 70 acres near Victor; 81.
Duplicate Receipt-E. A. Winstan-
ley, Rec, to Chas. Craig. 100 acres in
Ross Hole.
Deed-Chas Craig and wife to Mac
Rae Bros, same land; $3.50.
Notice of Placer Location-"New
Years" claim by Thos. Heating, Chas.
Malloy and Joseph Quirke; 20 acres on
Hughes creek.
The Western news., 1903-01-14
Al. GRANVILLE ROAD,
STROUD GREEN,
LONDON, N.
I6-12-'O2.
The Editor,
"Western News"
Hamilton, Mont.

nc I<ultOT,
"Western News
Hamilton, Mont.
Dear Sir
Now that 1 have reached my own
home after my 1900 mile trip to
Bitter Root, will you allow me the
privilege of your columns to send nay
warmest thanks to the multitude Of
friends made during my short stay
in your lovely valley; for their kindly
sympathy, hospitality and friendship.
When reached the valley knew only
q few names-when left it seemed as
If knew half of your people.
You stated in one of yourissues that
I had expected 10 find the valley full
of Red Indians and grizzly bears.
From that I concluded had been "in-
terviewed" by someone who did not
understand a joke. l could hardly be
so ignorant as that after Is years cor
respondence with my late brother
But in driving so much as did through
''the forest primeval" it was my chief
wonder and delight to think that the
wild man and the wild beast should
have held dominion there such a few
years ago.
was not prepared to find so many
people in the valley, SO many nice lit
tie towns springing up, so many mod
ern improvements in full use, so much
comfort and happiness and, personally,
SO much cordia1ity and hospitality as
I enjoyed. had the privilege of be-
ing admitted to the inner life of many
of your homes and was greatly i'm
pressed with the manly independence
and self-respect of your men, and the
sweet, brave, self-re1iance of your
women; also with the cozy comfort of
log cabins and frame houses which
was quite new experience for me.
OF the nrtural beanties of your val
ley words fail me to tell you my inn
Pressions. l have walked through
most of the best scenery of Scotland,
North Wales, Ireland, The Rhine and
Switzerland. It is foolish to compare
or contrast beauty, because each has
its own peculiar charm, but have not
seen any country that has given me
The Western news., 1903-01-14

For calcimining call on Magni &
Harvey, Pell's old stand. 3O-tf.
The Kalispell bee. [volume] (Kalispell, Mont.) 1900-192?, 1903-03-06
Notice to Creditors.

Estate of Frank Robertson, de-
ceased.
Notice is hereby given by the un-
dersigned the administrator with
will annexed of the estate of Frank
Robertson, deceased, to the creditors
of and all persons having claims
against the said deceased, to exhibit
them, with the necessary vouchers,
within four months after the first
publication of this notice to the said
administrator. at the law office of B.
J. McIntire in city of Kalispell, in the
county of Flathead, state Of Montana,
the same being the place for the
transaction of the business of said
estate.
CHARLES THERRIAULT,
Administrator, with Will Annexed, OF
the estate of Frank Robertson, de.
ceased.
Dated at Kalispell, Montana, this
10th day of February, 1903.
Jasper Jewell. Attorney for Estate
The Kalispell bee. [volume] (Kalispell, Mont.) 1900-192?, 1903-03-06
Silk waist sale at Wilson's.
Summons.

summons.
In the District Court of the Eleventh
Judicial District of the State of
Montana, in and for the County of
Flathead.
William A. Bradtield, Plaintiff, VS..
Carrie e. Braitield, Defendant
Alias Summons.
The State of Montana Sends Greet
ings to the Above Named Defend
ants and to each of them:
You are hereby summoned to ans
wer the complaint in this action,
which is filed in the office of the
clerk of this court, copy of which
is herewith served upon one OF you
in each county wherein any of vow
reside. and to file your answer and
serve a copy thereof upon the plant
IFS attorney within twenty days
after the service of this summons,
exclusive of the day Of service; and
in case of your failure to appear or
answer, Judgment will be taken
against you, by default. for the relief
demanded in the complaint.
This action is brought upon the
ground of desertion, for the purpose
of obtaining decree dissolving the
bonds of matrimony existing between
plaintiff and defendant.
Witness my hand and the seal OF
said court this 3rd day Of February
1908.
GSeall.
JAMES X. LANG. Clerk,
BY I. d. Rognlien, Deputy Clerk.
J. H. Stevens, Attorney for Plain
tilt.
The Kalispell bee. [volume] (Kalispell, Mont.) 1900-192?, 1903-03-06

The following bills against the
county were audited and allowed by
the commissioners at the regular
quarterly meeting this week:
/ w. Walker clerk and re-
The Kalispell bee. [volume] (Kalispell, Mont.) 1900-192?, 1903-03-06
Fire and Life Insurance
SO Main st., Kalispell, Montana
CALL AND SEE US.
Sure Cure for Piles,

Itching piles produce moisture and
cause itching. This form, as we'll as
blind, bleeding or protruding piles,
are cured by DR.. Bosanko's Pile Rem
edy. Stops itching and bleeding. Alb
serbs tumors; soc jar, at druggists,
or sent by mail Treatise free Write
me about your case. DIR. Bosanko,
Philadelphia, Pa. For sale by Bron-
son & Lighthall.
The Kalispell bee. [volume] (Kalispell, Mont.) 1900-192?, 1903-03-06
City Property

6 room house, 1la-story. good we'll east front,
Ninth avenue west. Price $500
west, barn, woodshed and we'll Price 81 500.
Three 50-foot lots, Sixth street and Second
$685. sEsaa' west east 'front.' nice location Price
sewer connection, electric light, small barn. IS
$500 '''e' ''"' ms ''''' '''''' e's'' rice
| Groom house. east front, Second avenue east,
wood shed. Price $3.50.
so foot corner lot and shack. Western addi-
| ton. Price $500.
Lots II and IS, block l07; 100 feet frontage
| nice locations cheap. Price 500, cash,
Lot II, block 80, 500.
Lot 10, block 81, 275
Lot s, block 154. 100
Six room house and lot; water; sewer in al
| ley; chicken house; stable wood house. Price
$1.2O0. Easy payments.
5O-foot lot, Second ave. east. Nice location
Sewer in alley. pice place to build a house
| 50.foot, Main street, east front. between 3rd
and 4th streets Fine business location. Less
than COST Price $500.
Lot and 4-room house; nice location; water
and sewer in alley. Price $525.
Seven.room house and lot; bath; furnace
sewer; lights; Fourth ave. east. Best location
| in town. Cheap. Price $3.50.
| Seven-room house and lot; new; Second ave
east. Nice location. Price So 600
| House and lOO-foot lot: Fisher addition; six
looms. cellar; stone foundation good we'll ano
pump. Cheap. Price 81 800.
House and 50-foot lot three rooms and kitch
en-; good barn; Ninth ave. west Price $500
A bargain.
1sfoot east frontage With good barn on
In addition to the aboye property We have
City Property, Acreage, Timber Lands and Re
linQuishments, Oil Stocks in the Kintla LAX,
Dominion Lands in the Northwest Territory
The Kalispell bee. [volume] (Kalispell, Mont.) 1900-192?, 1903-03-06

Stop that grippe, cold and cough
with Mountain City Cough Cure and
Cold Cure tablets. No cure no pay.
AT Marsden's, the druggist. 112 Main
street.
The Kalispell bee. [volume] (Kalispell, Mont.) 1900-192?, 1903-03-06
Notice.

Notice.
The public is hereby notified that
l will not be responsible for any
debts contracted by my wife, Mary
Edna Cunningham. after this dae
Somers. Mont. Feb. II, 1903.
w. SHERMAN CUNNINGHAM.
The Kalispell bee. [volume] (Kalispell, Mont.) 1900-192?, 1903-03-06

Laces and trimmings in great pro
fusion at Wilson's.
The Kalispell bee. [volume] (Kalispell, Mont.) 1900-192?, 1903-03-06

| H. A. Sheldon, coroner's jury. 1.50
E. p Phoenix, coroner's jury. 1.50
| B. F. Minich, cOrOnerS jury 1.50
IT T. Plunkett, cOroner's jury $50
E. C. Spurck, coroners jury. 150
A. A. Shonfeldt,. coroner's jury 150
Arthur Morrow, medical exam
| nation ...... ...... 1910
Arthur Morrow, post mortem
| examination 49,. ...... -. 1000
Bee Pub. Co., advertising 80. 1.50
c. H. Moody, rent of hall 49,. 500
Larson & Wrieth, sewer con-
| tract ...... ..... 5000
John Weightman, livery coun-
ty surveyor ...... .... 400
Geo Pencil. surveying county
ROAD ..... ........ 800
Chris Kolle, blacksmithing. -. 1.5O
John Johnson. building fence
county road ...... ..... $500
Peter Miller, road work. .. 200
John Johnson, road work. 200
Geo. Hahn, viewing road go. 800
Chas. F. Conger. viewing road 800
Geo. Pencil, viewing road. 500
d. j. Lambert, viewing road. 800
F. F. Stephens, viewing road 300
c. F. Gates, viewing road 80. 800
7. l.. Gardiner, viewing road 800
Fl. c. Hickman, viewing road. 800
! r J. Ball, viewing road ... 800
Wilson Kuhns, viewing road. 800
B. S. Adams, viewing road $500
Dougherty & Cunningham, liv-
cry county surveyor .... 27.50
H. F. Newell, care of poor. 491 40
0. P. Gregg, care of poor 80. $3.50
Sam Hilburn, transporting pau
per ....... $50
Jas. Conlon, merchandise for
poor ........ $50
Richie & Graham, merchan-
disc for poor ...... .... 1900
II. M. Morgan, care of poor 5000
James l.. Rogers, labor ... 1000
d. H. Mcdonald, care of poor 1900
Andy Swanson, care of poor. 1000
G. r. Mcmahon, burial of pau
per 49,. ...... 1000
N Willoughby. burial of pau
peTS 02.5U
B. F. Stanley, bridge work
steel bridge $500. ...... 1920
G. H. Brintnall supervising
work at steel bridge, days. $500
j. w. Modisett, bridge work on
steel bridge ........ ... 800
A. A. Stanley, assistant coun-
| ty surveyor .... ......... 4.50
A. Stanley, assisting county
surveyor at steel bridge. -. 4.5O
N. M, Co., steel bridge ma
terial ......... ~. ..... 91.51
Thos. Hawkey, steel bridge
work :. ........... 2S.75
Lester Foy, steel bridge work 1875
j. H. Foy. steel bridge work.. $3.50
Geo. Haigh, steel bridge work 46.z5
| Lester Foy, steel bridge work $500
| Chris Kolle, steel bridge ma
| teflal ..... $50
J. B. Gibson, livery county sur
veyor steel bridge .... -. $500
J. B. Gibson, services county
surveyor, steel bridge. 1872 so
A. L. Jaqueth, examining steel
DTldSe ...... .......... 1881
r. j. Ball, repairs on county
DfluSe ....... 300
O'Neill Lumber Co, bridge ma
| terial ........ . ~ LA
G. B. HetZer, steel bridge
work ..... ...... 800. 1900
Nelson & Hetzer, steel bridge
work ...... . ...... $3.50
X. E. McPheeters, road COM
missioner ...... . 80. 1850
AL Tate road commissioner $500
j. G. Wood, road commissioner 1880
Herman Lang, road commits
sioner 49,. ........ -. 1850
William Hickey. road commits
sioner ,.... ..... 800. $500
G II. Adams, services as coun-
ty commissioner, 5 days.. 1000
G II. Brintnall, services coun-
ty commissioner ..... $500
Henry Baune, services as road
commissioner ... .. 1850
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1903-04-18
WEEKLY TRADE REVIEW.
Gold and Wet Wealth or Retarded Retail
4. Trade In Wearing Apparel.
{By Associated Press,

y AZ &t tBy Associated Presa.) I5y X Ii EK
NEW YORK. April t7.-R. g. Dun q
CoInpanys Weekly Review Of Trade will
Il fEhe cod and vet Weather during the
past week In many sections Of the country
retarded retnil trade. In spTi ng and SUM
mer wearing apparel. Johbars also felt
the effects In a lessened activity. and agri-
cultural operations made irregular pro-
not be curtatled by the later planting,
although In some cases there VIII pc
greater danger OF loss at the end OF this
season through early frost. . u s3S {
= Traffic conditions are steadily tmprov:
ing ct some complaints are Btill heard
and fur Their additions Ito motive power
Ano Their season OF congestion. is to bd
averted at The next time Of pressure
ceed last year by 1875 per cent. and
those Of 1901 by 2.8 per cent.
after July lat, whch ma turally weakens
the tone. Textile mills have not received
any material increase in amount OF busl-
ness, and there Is evidence that the ex.
ceptlonally heavy transact ions Of Janu-
airy and February provided sufficient sup
plies for present needs. ~.
Failures numbered ~ against 2a1
year ago. g sY ,assi5 y XII siBSbs y NJ I'd
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1903-04-18
DR.. GUTHRIE
II. PREACH HERE : J.
VIII Address Huguen0t Asso.
sciation'T Services
lnthe Churches

The annual meeting Of tho Hugusnet
Association viii be held tonight at thu
Grace Street Presbyt terrain Church. The
addren Will be delivered by the Rsvs
Dr.. Donald Guthrie, OF Baltimore.
Dr.. Hawthorne win preach In tie norn-
Ing At Grove Avenue on The House ofs
Many Mansions, h and at night on Fl Losing
Life to Save Life" SE
81 DR.. George Cooper WIN preach at n1xht
at the First Baptist Church on The
Secret OF Success at Thirty. = # gbS
The Rev. Mr.. McNutt, Of New York
will preach in the i morning at T.6lgh
Street. At night the pulpit will be filled
by the Rev. Howard Lee Jones, D. D.,
OF New York. ;5f " "a 3 Il az
The Rev r II. Bennett WIN preach In
the morning at Broad Street; at night the
pastor will preach on r ebelltou and
SB4.ndnets. = en- n tf 3
n The Rev. W. B. Beanchamp win preach
In tina morning at Clay street.. ana this
The Rev. g. O. Hatcher, Of Petsfsburss
Will preach at both services at Union
Station, si5 3ss a ;y9ss3t&y Sss I'll
lDr. r. p. Kerr WIN prsaoh N the nosnl
Ing at the First Presbyterian Church.
There will DO no services at night
DR.. Donald Guthrie, OF Baltimore WIN
preach tn the morning at the Second
Presbyterian Church. DR.. Cecil WIN
preach in the afternoon. l5S 3SS
& DR.. j. Calvin Stewart win preach { hi (
the morning at the Church OF the Cove.
nant. There win be no service at night.
The times dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1903-1914, 1903-04-18
/. BANK cLEARIN0s.
Table Compiled Giving Figures e
1si Principal Cities In the Country.
fRv Aasociafed DrersI !, iI5 4

5ii2b5 tBy Associated DrerA.) EsI
b NEW g6Y DIRK. April 17,-The following
table compiled by Bradstreet shows the
bank clearings at q number OF the prln-
/ cipal cities for the week ended April 18th.
with the percentage Of increase and de-
crease, as compared with the correspond
Ing week last year. Sixty-four other Oh
ties are included In the totals al
New York. u .2ss, oe6, 300 decrease. Pa.
Chicago. $3.50, 500. 8ss; decrease, 10. Boston.
S1s7 .e74. 1874; decrease 60 Phllad elph!a,
y $103, 379, 1854 decrease, 81. st, Louis. ~,
SIS, decrease, SIS. Pittsburg s45. s26, 0l8;
decrease, or San Francisco, 1921 1857.
decrease, 2.o5. Baltimore. $so,4l6 ,s1s; De-
crease, 20.26. Cincinnati. 1850. 400: de-
crease, o35. Kansas City. $22, So5, $50 In
crense, u.16 New Orleans 1s. "a. 71s; de-
crease, 1.8. Louisville, SO, e13, oSS; de-
crease, 3.s Richmond. So n0, 74e; decrease
saya nnah, &, s2s, SEQ; decrease. 10.b. Nom.
phis va s., 662. 5s2 increase. 81b. Fort
Worth $S,O6s,5e3; decrease. 1.6. Atlanta,
Se. S4s 1879; increase, 1885, Nashville. $2,5l9.
S III increase, 1856 Norfolk. s. NJ. 6t7: In
crease, 11.3. Augusta, Ga, N,1B, u3; de-
crease, 1875. Birmingham. 81, ~ ,6o4; in
crease, 1916. Little Rock. 81. 113, 6l6 In
crease 1913. Knoxyille, ss45,746; increase rs,aa
Vile, Fla, S4s2. s04; increase. bI Hous-
ton, S11, 6a5 1885, decrease, 2.8, FRI Galveston
81, 4B 600: decrease 8.2z Charleston. 8. "a.
S9sl. 69i. Totals United States. 50 11a, f26.-
{ DOS Decrease 49, Is. NJ Outside New Z ork.
1924, 755,19S; decrease, 1.e. .
Total Canada, $s0,sS, SO decrease. 30 y.