davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1903-11-30

had ever paid any one part OF the money ,n ne bs
Seived for paiutfrz letter boxes. lAtsF.
was confronted with drafts which he hsd d pam Phm 10
" C. Long he admitted that he had palu hsi s5n 90
cents box on every box painted or aoou. ose Gas
during the last FIVE years Part Oh TINS niohe' nus
been traced to Machen- ,s,o.ad b, tho
Machen. Cupper and Long were indeteu irsny Dy .Iy
federal grand jury July 81. 1915. ior co"SP1'
defraud
New-York tribune., 1903-11-30

Charles J. Heller. OF Philadelphia. who furnishes
badges for rural carriers. receiving 80 cents each
required TO give Machen 10 per cent on the
gross sales. amounting To Sl67 50 in three years
The Heller case completes the record for the
free delivery division wherein the investigation has
resulted In criminal proceedings MANY OF mo
frauds that yielded Machen the largest returns Wig
those relating 10 package boNss, Gron fasteners
letter boxes and straps, began during the admin
New-York tribune., 1903-02-15

generalized and plastic that it held all the
possibilities of turtle and ostrich, rattle
snake and humming bird.
One fact which will help u in search for
interesting evidences of evolution is that when
the young Of any animal or bird differs radically
from the parents the young creatures aspect is
almost always clew to the general appearance
of the immediate ancestors. Here is a tiny
fawn, spotted with white from head to foot,
very unlike the uniform brown coat of its
mother so we may safely say that these ami
mails are descended from deer with spots. The
same is true of our common robin, whose breast
is plain rufous in color, but whose descent
from a bird with a spotted breast, like the
wood thrush is proved by the maculate condition
Of young robins.
of those birds, is pair of what most people
think are common bantams The cock has
magnificent bearing, and both rise from the
ground and fly as easily and lightly as robins
which no ordinary bantam could do. They are
red jungle fowl from the forests Of India and are
the wild ancestors Of all kinds of domestic
chickens-PIymouth rocks, langshans game and
all the innumerable varieties Of fancy breeds
which appear at our poultry shows. If we al
lowed any of these latter to run wild 1t would
not be many generations before they would be-
gin to grow more and more like jungle fowl and
In time might become indistinguishable from
those birds, unstable and transitory are the
New-York tribune., 1903-02-15
COLOR PHOTOGRAPHY
RECENT ADVANCES IN APPLYING THE
THREE PLATE SYSTEM

That system of reproducing color by photo
graphic means which has given the best practi-
cal results is the one which employs three sep
arate negatives. one sensitive plate is exposed
by itself in the usual manner, except that a
red glass screen or titer is placed in front of
it. Without moving the camera or changing the
focus, q second plate is exposed behind blue
screen and finally a third is used with
green screen. When these three plates de-
veloped they all bear the same picture but
comparison will show that the differences be-
tween light and shade Gn black and white) in
one are not Identical with those of the others
Halftone blocks made from these negatives
are used in succession on an ordinary printing
press with colored inks in chrome lithogra-
ply. With the block derived from the red
screen the printing Is done with blue ink. while
yellow Ink is employed for the blue block,
and pink or red ink with the which was
made with the green filter. II the right shade
Of pigment has been chosen, II the impressions
are equally heavy, and If the three successive
pictures match exactly-"register." as the press
New-York tribune., 1903-02-15

lived and died one after another, each differing
but Slightly from the preceding one. This tor
toise. whose beak have used in our theo-
retical bird is probably four hundred years old
When Columbus discovered America this animal
was more OF less frisky youngster of about ten
years growth This one fact will perhaps give
rs pausa 10 think how short mans supremacy
on this planet has been, compared to the ages
in which the lower animals were gradually rls-
ing in the scale of life and intelligence.
To return from this short depression. We look
in vain for anything TO compare with the eX-
ternal appearance of that delicate flying ap-
paratus. birds wing No reptile, living or
fossil, has ever had anything exactly like it,
although in pas. geological ages flying lizards,
OF dragons" few by means OF batlike wings.
But the feathers and skin removed from bird S
wing show three distinct fingers, all that re-
main of the original five. Now, the fundamental
likeness between wing and the forelimb Of
q reptile is very evident.
Look at the hind foot Of an alligator-four
toes pointing forward, partly webbed, similar
TO the foot Of a pelican cormorant. and here
the resemblance is continued all the way up
the leg, scales being common to both bird and
reptile Feathers would seem TO be stumbling
block but they are not. Take scale and with
q knife slit it into many rays possible,
and you have a feather the simplest kind Of
Of young birds. but even microscopically the
New-York tribune., 1903-02-15

man says-a fair degree of fidelity to the ortgi-
nal tints and hues is secured.
Instead Of transferring the result of the work
done by the camera to paper for multiplication,
the photographer may want to make lantern
slide that can be exhibited by lecturer. He
Will then pursue a different method. He can
make a print on transparent geatine from each
or the three plates, and then dye them properly.
Ii they are mounted, in front of another,
their effects may be combined in single slide.
Two or three methods of preparing such films
have been devised, but that with whose deveI-
opment Sanger Shepherd (of England) is denti-
ned is just now regarded the most satisfactory.
1t was long ago discovered that if a certain
chromium salt was added to gelatine and a
film of the latter was exposed to the action of
light under an ordinary Photographic negative
this effect would be produced Under the clear
est and most transparent parts of the negative
the geatine would be hardened so as to be
practically insoluble, while those parts that lay
under the dense portions of the negative would
be almost unaffected. The intermediate shades
would act according to their density If, after
ward, the surface of the film were thoroughly
washed. the protected parts would partially dis
solve, while those acted upon most strongly by
New-York tribune., 1903-02-15
The BENEFIT OF THESE

ting OF the ear in bird any animal, think
OF II as a gill. which, once separating the oxy-
gen from sea water, is now used to record the
waves OF sound in the air. We have managed to
connect our eel and hum: ing bird, after all, and,
although the relationship is rather distant, it is
surely none the less interesting.
Next let US see how closely birds and reptiles
are related, judging only from what we can
observe in our walk The connection is really
very close here. and will start at once with
the theory that both birds and reptiles trace
their origin TO a common type, probably rather
lzardlike.
A good plan is TO go into the reptile house and
try TO construct a bird from characters of the
various scaly inmates. A giant tortoise first
catches our eye, and here we have admirable
beginning, for can make of his beak.
and even his head and neck not so unbird-
like when We look at them in this connection.
The two latter portions present vulturine ap-
peArance, and the beak Of the tortoise, horny.
toothless and with the hooked upper mandible,
gives good start bird. Let stop just
q moment before we pass and leave this
monster tortoise. He viii give a faint idea
Of how slowly evolution has taken place, of the
uncounted thousands of generations which have
New-York tribune., 1903-02-15

efforts Of man when he attempts to carry on
private evolution of his own. Nature has no
use for such long legged, crested or gaudy col
ored monstrosites when they return to her care
again. The jungle fowl is good enough for her,
and until her laws decree otherwise he must stay
q jungle fowl.
Let US turn to a common rooster-the over
grown. weakwinged inmate of our barnyards.
He wakes in the early morning, stands up on
his perch and a sudden impulse seizes him as
he looks up at the branches overhead. Out fly
his wings, and some uncomfortable desire makes
him fap them with all the strength his ffabby
muscles possess. Then he crows his challenge
to the world.
Hundreds end hundreds of years ago, before
the Chinese or Hindoos had trapped the first jun
gle fowl this ROSTERS great great -grandfa ther
with several hundred additional greats added
accustomed, the first rays of the sun
touched the distant Himalayas, TO fly up and up
to the topmost branches some mighty forest
tree, and there sound his defiance to all jungle
cocks within hearing. Some morning when we
annoyed at being awakened at daybreak by
the importunate clarion tones, let forgive our
poor domestic bird, bepessly carrying out the
demand Of the hereditary impulse which, pitt
New-York tribune., 1903-02-15
Photographs by the author.

structure and mode OF growth are similar
In each The tail of our bird is harder mat
ter and to compare exactly similar structures
we must go back to fossil Jurassic birds, whose
tails, although long and lzardike, were feath-
cred on each side to the tip.
LII we watch the alligator we will now and
then see thin film pass backward across
the eyes-the third eyelid or membrane which
all birds possess. The anatomy of alligators and
olros shows many close homologies or points in
common, as the heart, which has four chambers
IN each; but-and this makes all the difference
In the world-the last chamber of the alligat tors
heart has tiny slit in the valve or wall which
permits the pure and impure blood to mingle.
If this were only closed the huge saurian would
doubtless be warm blooded and have a right to
be as active and intelligent as any bird. This
little leak keeps him down. although evolution
promises him some day better state of affairs.
His pile of eggs in of the cages gives US
another point of resemblance to birds, and we
thus have a respectable looking specimen of the
latter class. produced unscientifcally by few
characters visible in modern reptiles Nature
in working out her evolution has had millions
Of years, and at the beginning type of animal
New-York tribune., 1903-02-15

the light would stand up higher than the rest
of the surface. In other words, there would be
colorless image in relief, the thickest portions
corresponding to what the shadows In the
original subject, while the thinnest ones would
correspond to the high lights. Staining would
now give transparencies in single color, and
the amount of stain absorbed would be gov
erned by the depth of the gelatine al any par
tcular point. To three films, corresponding
to each of the negatives, might thus be i'm
parted the proper colors.
1t was also found that if these films, instead
Of being mounted together in lantern slide,
were laid down over a sheet of white paper and
made to stick thereto picture good as,
better than, that obtained with halftone blocks
and photographic press would be secured. OF
course, the surface would not be absolutely level
and the process was troublesome one. but
the picture itself would be an excellent one.
The white paper would gleam up through the
superposed films with a degree of brightness
governed by the varying thickness of the strata,
and the resulting tints would depend on the diff
ferent proportions of the dye in different parts
of the composite,
One more advance has been made upon
this process. Until recently it customary
to mount each of the three films before it was
exposed to the light under negative upon an
other film of celluloid the latter acting sup
New-York tribune., 1903-02-15

fully useless now, is still his badge of descent
from some royal little jungle cock.
New-York tribune., 1903-02-15

Continued on page sixteen.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1903-12-23

PANAMA Policy DENOUNCED. Key.
James 1 Vine, pastor of the North
Reformed Church, Newark, the wealthlest
in that city, in his sermon yesterday,
gave a hard rap to the authorities at
Washington over the Colombia affair.
"lf it turns out" he said, THAT we have
conniyed at the dlsmemberment OF
weaker nation; that we have fastened to
recognize what we might have condemn
ed had the interests of the ditch demand
ed it that we have allowed our vanlties,
Wanted national altrusisms, to go down
in the dust before strenuous and impatient
selfshness; that, while denouncing seces-
sion as treason in North America, we
have glorifed it as patriotism in Central
American, and that we have violated our
solemn treaty of 1916, by the express
terms of which and in return for conces-
sions granted we guaranteed to Colombia
the right of sovereignty and property over
the very territory which has seeded, then
for once hope that the Senate will
stubbornly refuse to ratify."
REV. Mr.. Vance was at one time pas
tor of the Second Presbyterian Church in
this city. The sentiments he has express
ed in the above meet with hearty en-
dorsement by many Of his acquaint-
ances here.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1903-12-23
OPENING AND CLOSING OF MAILS

Northern mails, week days, close at sc
0 20 and II 90 a. m, and 10, 24Oi 6 40, Is
and 10 as D. m. Open at s 90 a. M, l2W M.
and A 30 d. m. On Sundays Northern mails
close al 3 80 a. M, | 30 p. IN. and 20 p. m.
Southern mails via Charlottesville close az
80 and 10 40 a. m, and so 8 80 and 10 10
n. IN. Omen at 8 90 a. IN. and 80 and 80 p. m.
Southern mails, via Richmond, close at
10 80 a. m, and 90, $50 and 10 40 p. IN.
Omen at 8 a. IN. and and p. m.
Msnas sas Division mails close at 70 a. m.
and 8 A. D. m. Open at 200 m.
Alexandria and Round Hill mails close at
7 80 a. N. and p. m. Open at 3 100 a. m. and
80 p. m.
Chesapeake and Ohio mails close at 2 As p;
m. and 10 As p. m. open at oOO a. M. ana
Washington mails close at 80, $50 and
II 10 a. m, and 10, 240 6 40, % and 10 40
d. m. Open at 90 a. m, IL 90 m. and 4 W p.
Office HOurs-Open at 500 a. m. Close at
90 p. m. o,...
at 10 90 a. m.
Carriers Schedule Collection made on in.
side routes-6 80 and 10 90 a. N. and 8 90 and
3 80 n. m. Full route--630 a. m. and 80 p:
m. Sunday collection 100 p. m. Carriers
window open Sunday 300 a m. and close
1000 a. m.
Deliveries made 90 a. m, p. m. and 10
p. m.
All mail should be in the office ten minutes
before our indicated time for closing.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1903-12-23
ALEXANDRIA Gazettr.
WEDNESDAY EVENING. DEC. %. 1908.
SITUATION IN COLOMBIA.

Advices from Bogota say there is bu
one feeling there, and that is for war
war with Panama. The natives cannot
conceive that the United States will take
any part in what they consider purely
domestic trouble. President MarrOquin
Yesterday submitted to an interview de
has lust rendered TO the Colombian gov
eminent his entire private fortune to be
used in a war to bring Panama back into
the union. This will give an idea OF the
sentiment that reigns. II is not merely
a matter of talk, but money is being
rendered from all sides. The genuineness
of this war feeling may be gagged when
it is recalled that Marroquin has just
suffered a defeat in the race for the presl-
dency of the republic. He has set the
citizens of Bogota wild over the announce
meat that his private fortune is ct the
disposal Of the government President
Marroouin takes the stand that Colombia,
in making war on Panama, will be follow
ing the course of the United States fed
eral government in fighting the Southern
States back into the Union.
The news that Senator German, a
strong democratic possibility to the presi-
Dental nomination and Senate leader
has taken up the fight for rejection OF the
Panama treaty, has imbued the Colon,
bans with renewed hope that they VIII
as they put it, receive justice at the
hands of the American people" De-
velopments of grave nature may be ex-
pected at any time.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1903-12-23

WOMAN TO HANG. Mrs. Mary A.
Rogers was yesterday found guilty OF
murder in the first degree in killing her
husband, Marcus H. Rogers in Benning-
ton. VT, August II, 1902. The verdict
carries the death penalty. The verdict
was announced at the opening OF court.
The Jury deliberated all Monday night.
Mrs. Rogers heard the verdict with face
blanched almost to marble whiteness.
Her limbs trembled so violently that she
supported herselfwith difficulty. Finally
the woman covered her face with her
handkerchief and sank back, sobbing
violently. She was led away moment
later to her cell in the county Jail. The
crime with which Mrs. Rodgers was
charged was the murder of her husband,
Marcus II. Rogers by giving him chloro-
form. # was alleged that she met
Rogers. with whom she had not been
living, on pretense of efecting a recon
citation. and that she was assisted by
Leon Perham, who was in her employ,
and stella Bates. fhe prosecution s
witnesses related that Mrs. Rogers,
while embracing her husband, gave him
chloroform. The body was then thrown
into the Willamoosac river. Love for
another man, and Il desire to get her
husbands life insurance with which TO
be in housekeeping were the motives al
legged The cases Of Perham and Stella
Bates will be taken up at the present
form nj court
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1903-12-23
Washington, Alexandria 4
Mt. Vernon Railway.
In effect November /, 1908.
LEAVE ALEXANDRIA.

For Washington, from corner Prince and
ROYAL streets. week days, at 545, 10, s 30,
655. 71O, 80, As, 756, Sl5, $50, 900,
40 1000. 10 Is, 10 so, II 20 and IL AZ a. m.
u 20. u as 90, 20, as, 2 10, GAG, 3 %, 80,
8 46, AIS, 436, 455, 30, 8 40, sos, 80, o 90,
Z Is, 80, 30, 9 10, 9 so 10 80 and II 20 p: m.
Sundays-7O0, S15, 900, 945, 1925, TO- SO,
II 20 and II 80 a. M, 1920, 1880. 30 %
200, so, 3 20, 3 so, 400, 100, 20, 90, on
6 80, 90, Z so, $50, 9 10, $50, 1890 IL 2Op. m
Leave Alexandria for Four Mile Run lin
addition TO local trains for Washington, week
days, at IL So p. m. and IL 80 a. m. Sundays
IL So p. m. and II IS a. m.
LEAVE WASHINGTON.
For Alexandria, from the corner of Pennsyl.
vania avenue and l31 street, week days, 8 20
10 90. 1925, II 90, IL 80 a. m. II 90 noon, IL 20,
p 40, O5 (express), l 20, IS, 202 texpressl
80, 2 So, 3 80, 4 %, ID, 1876, 400, II, "
s 80, sos, $50 7O5, Z Is, $50, $50, 9 10, 8 so
10 80, IL 20 D. IN. and IL 03 midnight.
Sundays 40, 900, 9 45, 0S0, II 90, II 80
a. m. 1900 noon, u 80, l 90, | 30, 200, 80
800. 8 30, 400, 43O, 500 $50, 600, 6 80, 200,
7SO, 755. $50, 9lO, $50, 1880 Hop. m.
and u 03 midnight.
FOR MOUNT VERNON.
Leave Alexandria for Mount Vernon, week
days, $50. 8 80, 1882. IL 80 a. m. 80, 81
2 SO, 32l, 447, s 40 and OF p. m.
Sundays-702, eSS a. m, IL 81, 81, 4H
40 and OF p. m.
FOR R0SSLYN
Leave Alexandria for Rosslyn, week days
40, 7 So, 8 80, 900, 1000, 80, II AZ a. NJ,
~ As, 46, 8 46, 4S6, 529, 8 %, $50, 655 and
Sundays-sl5, 900, 945, 1850, II GA. m;
1850, 30, $50, $50, $50. 800, $50 and
so p. m.
Leave Rosslyn for Alexandria, week days,
7 40, 80, 903, 9 80, 10 SO, IL 81, a. m, u 81,
So, 3 q, 432, 5 10, s OF, 629, 7O2, 76 anc
sundays--8 Sc, 9 4S, 1927, II ga .,l227
127, 227, 327, 427, 527, 627, 727 and S2s
p. m. -
Baggage checked and carried on the follow
ing trains from Alexandria for Washingtt
week days: $50 and 10 20 a. m, 90,
607 p. m.
Sundays IL a. m. and 30 p. m.
Parcels carried.
Freight carried daily, morning and evenings
in each direction. No freight accepted unles
delivered at the station at least 80 minutes be
fors the departure Of the freight trains.
CLARENCE 2. KING, j. CoLyIN,
President. Superintendent.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1903-12-23
Washington Southern Ry.

Schedule in effect November 20. 1908.
Trains leave station corner Fayette and
Cameron streets for Washington and points
north at 8 OF and 81 a. M, ~ IA, 254, 7O7,
8 10, and Ii "a p. M, week days.
Sundays-9 81 and IL 43 a. M, 7OI, Sly
and II "a p. m.
For Fredericksburg, Richmond and points
south at 44s. : 90 1local), and II OF a; M,
1859. 5 u (local), and Is p. m, week days.
Sundays as So and IL OF a. no.. 81
5 u Qocal) and 10 p. m.
Accommodation for Quantico 7 56 a. m. Sum
day only and 4 AS p. m. week days. S26 p.
m. except Saturday.
W. D. DUKE, C. W. CULP, w. P. TAYLOR
Gen. Man. Asst Gen. Man. Traf. Man.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1903-12-23
RAILROADS
SOUTHERN RAILWAY.
Schedule effective November 70. 1908.

Schedule eHectVe ro'emOof a. i0oo'
Trans leave Southern Railway Station
Alexandria:
7.sOA M.-Daily-Local for Harrisonburg
Warrenton, Danville and way stations.
i1:10 A. M.-Daily-Washingto and
Florida Limited, first-class coach TO Jack
sonv;lle and drawing-room sleeper to jack
sonville. Dining car service:
1f.s5 A. M.-Daily-U. S. Fast Mail. First
class coaches and drawing-room sleeper 10
New Orleans. Dining car service. H.
4:2s p. M.-Week Days-Local for Har-
risonburr and way stations on Manassas
SOP P. M.-Daily-Local for Warrenton aud
7,Sc p M-Daily-New York and Atlanta
Express-First class coach to Atlanta: sleeper,
TO Columbus, Ga. Mondays, Wednesdays ana
Fridays Sunset Route Tourist sleeper WASH
ington 10 San Francisco.
1910 p. M--Washington, Charlotte and
Jacksonville. Pullman sleeping car New York
to Augusta. Eirst-class coach between Wash
;noton and Charlotte. Makes connection
with through trains Charlotte to Jackson
vile.
1920 P. Washington and Chat
tsnoogs Limited (via Lynchburgl: First
class coach and sleeping car to Roanoke,
Knoxville. Chattanooga and Memphis. Sleep
il:05 P. M.-Daily- Washington and South :
western Limited. All Pullman train. club
and observation cars to Atlanta and Macon.
Seepers to Nashville, Atlanta, Macon, Mem
phis and New Orleans Dining car service.
TRAINS ON BLuEM0NT BRANCH.
Leave Alexandria s:2l A. NJ, 100 and BIO
P. NJ. week days for Bluemont. 4:3s and 6:;3
p. NJ. for Leesburg. 900 A. NJ. and 6:SS r.
N, on Sundays only for Bluemont.
Through trains from the South arrive at Al.
exandria 617, 6:32, 9:25. and 1918 A. Nj. and
3:l5 and $3.50 p. NJ. daily. From Harrison
burg 1880 A. NJ. week days and $50 r.
NJ. daily. From Charlottesville sos A. NJ
and $50 p. NJ. daily.
For detailed schedule figures, tickets, Pull
man reservation, etc., apply to w. g. LIZ
'HEW. ticket agent, Alexandria, Va.
c. II. ACK ERT, General Manager.
S. II. HARDWICK, Gen. Passenger Agent
L. S. BROWN, General Agent.
| Washin0ton d. G..
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1903-12-23
Silks for Christmas Gifts.

e;ls Dress Pattern or Silk Waist Pattern
;e a off that is always sure of full apprecia-
TON and always desirable.
w We will cut any desired length and put
same in a neat box--which gives the present
more individuality and adds to its attractive
ness. a.. o;1t.. ,f,ars
Our stock Of Black aud Colored SILKS oiiers
n very great variety TO selectfrom
Special attention is called to
The ,'saccarappa" Haskell pure
Dye" Black Silks.
No other pure-dye Black Taifeta has yet
eoualed the wearing qualities Of the sacca-
rappa" make. n:;.,, c,r
We are the selling agents III TINS CITY ioI
the Haskell silks, which we sho" ID 'ne
following weaves:
pean de Cyene. Faille Franchise,
Snrah Rhadames,
Peau de Sole. Majestic,
Satin Dushesse, Iatietas,
Iouisiue. Tahetas, modern,
Gros Grain. Armure.
Prices Range from Sl.OO to 500 a 1aru'
Main 6oor-G st.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1903-12-23
BETTER than a Plaster.

A piece of flannel dampened with
Chamberlain's Pain Balm and bound on
the affected parts, is better than plaster
for lame back and tor pains in the side
or chest. Pain Balm has no superior as
a liniment for the relief of deep seated,
muscular and rheumatic pains. For sale
bv Richard Gibson.