The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1903-04-26
SCIENCE.
Cataiesuins the star Of the North
80 eru SKY.

the eighteenth century the necessity LOT
more extensive collections began TO be feit.
and we have the following series OF cata-
logues in the first half OF the nineteenth CEN
tury. among others: Lalande's catalogue at
Paris. $4,000 stars; Piazzi's at Palermo. 600
stars: Roemkers at Hamburg. 10000 stars.
&c. Such catalogues we're made by observing
stars In zones, or narrow belts OF the sky.
observing all stars that could conveniently
be fixed In position. In none OF them was
every star recorded.
At the suggestion OF BesscI. the Berlin
Academy OF Sciences undertooKthe prepara-
ton OF charts to contain all the stars In the
zodiacal region, +i5' to -i5' OF deciination
visible in a 3-inch telescope. To furnish
standards for such charts, 3essel observed
q series OF zodiacal zones which he afterward
extended to r as that contained 10000 stars.
His pupil, Argeiandcr. continued these zones
to = So (22 900 stars !, and also 10 81 az 900
stars. Inc Berlin Academy charts were
not uuformly good. and in 1852 Argelauder
ard MS Assistants commenced the observa-
a-inch telescope between 400 and 90
decIination. Inc work was finished in 1850
and contained the NUMBERS. places and bright
the instrument employed. Schoenield has
extended this catalogue TO --2S' n3s,eS9
stars.
Similar work has been done in the southei
hemisp here by Thome and Gil, These cata:
loeues contain the approximate places and
The mnsnitgde, Of star down e fo ths
that accurate places we're needed, and In 1864
the German Astronomical Society invited
desqmnns sss SSopdna.S
for all stars down to the ninth magnitude,
and the work has been finished and nearly all
formed for stars of the southern sky down
to ga and a good part Of II Is now completed.
" the meantime the art OF stellar photoe-
raphy had been much improved and an inter-
national plan adopted which will result in
charts Of all stars down to the fourteenth
magnitude and In an accurate catalogue Of
nagnitute
II will be seen that the wants Of the OBJ
rw are keir 70 Be- II fuy ms Whersysr
accurst, places will he found; st,lrs witt
Stars variable in brightness will he dis
covered. Finally tho census of stars will
he 50 compi"t, that concl Isions can be
n the ct liar universe. TIE work carried
out in the northern heavens has been under
tlken Tor the SO itlern sky and mlch has
already been done.
THE LONGEVITY or ENGLISH MILLIoSAIREs.
Not long since Dr. Alfred Russell Wallace
remarked upon the com paratlvely short
lives Of millionaire" AZ everything that
comes from his pen commands attention.
this stitcment was taken to be the true re-
suit 81 81 itiStics lin. q few weeks since. an
English writer went bscl; u the datl He
nnds that the phrase il not justified by re-
cent =, ltist!"s During 1900 nine English
"miilionaircs" died. leaving in the aRgre-
gats sia5 900. 900. The average ace for these
nine t"StItp:s was -: the yOIn yest was 50.
and the oldest 81 years. During 1901 the
deatAs of eight miilionaircs wsrS recorded
whose Joint est ties were valued at 2j2 .5Oo.-
Ooo. In this case the average age was -.
tas youngest was SO. the oldest a.. In lHl2
five rilondres died and their average age
was IS. Lon zcvity, aud not breTity. is u
striking fac; III the lives OF very rich men.
There is good reason WIZ this should be
70. The wea!tAy-ny their wesitl--csn and
do secure the udvant tges of change Of scene
and Of climate. and command all the results
skill and advice Of toe greatest Of our doc
tors and surgeons. They. therefore. should
live long: and as a matter OF fact they do so.
GENIUS AND TnE STRUGGLE FOR ExIsTESCE.
Great men are of two general types. that
may be called. roughly. men OF genius and
men OF high talent, We may take Shake
speare. Mozart. Shelley. Newton. Spinozn
cult 20 select a group Of the second sort
all OF whose members have attilned emil
nence through enormous rece puvity and
power. rather than through acuteness and
creative faculty.
Nor is it difficult t. determine the relation
OF each group to tho struggle for existence.
irca: nIen ia proportion a. tley approach
re second type are more. clear y useful in
the iinmed'tr needs OF life and are consA:
qucntiy better conserved by nat iral Sc
lee ton. Whoever supposes thar nat Iral So
lection Is being with eyes di r-ctsd to-
It. Men Of hich genius TOO often find i, dim
cult even u live. They conquer only when
then idcns and works are subtitle ~ he quickly
adapted 70 immediatt niactic1l uses. There
are many ideas now IN printed books still
waiting for recognition. Moreover. much
Of the work Of reriis has. from it, very ma
- la hon " AN tln ,sriIe yta far
istence Music and pain ting have few vital
relations TO modern needs. They are rather
men. . those seeking q, refuge. from, TIE
strusele for existence. The position Of the
men 81 talent is. on the other hand assured.
the nations depends upon the number and
ability Of men o! tAis stump. They OBJ
tt'n the, rewards Of to-day because they do
by reason of their strencth and .virihty: aud
their 81 sadfsstness and cheerfulness ere as
Of the man Of high ccnius. His daring sue-
eonncct.d with bodily discomiof, and dis
the conditions Of life abort him
The foregoing is an abstract Of "A summing
" "p e 81 rr. Wallace and Sir oliver Lodge
IN recent mum hers Of Ndipr,. IL Is too brief
10 be exhaustive. but not TO have suggestive
ness.
cosMIcAL MErgoRoLoGY.
Irof HgeloW OF the [ Hlted states Gather
Bureau has recently summarized his conclu-
s:ons respecting the connection between
solar energy and terrestrial phenomena
somewhat az follows: The variation in the
solar output as registered In the relative
frequency OF solar spots has long been known
TO have a marked synchronisin with the
horizontal component o! terrestrial magnet
ism The sun spots constitute, he points out,
but sluggish register OF the solar activity.
and the curve OF terrestrial magnetic force
presents a series of characteristic minor
fluctuations mperimposed on the general
eleven-ycar curve. these special variations
reappear with marked distinctness in the
frequency of the solar prominences: and they
are coordinate with the variations OF the
mean annual barometric pressures all over
tho earth The pressures In the earth's at
moephere are undressing changes in short
cycles of about three years In duration.
which correspond with changes in the ex-
ternal work OF the sun. and the cycles are
produ ced by the notifications in the general
besides, a sort OF surging OF the atmosphere
with more OF less stationary CONTRIBUTIONS.
and these involve the seasonal climatic
changes of weather by which one year differs
from another Thus the regions about the
Indian Ocean and South America vary syn.
chropously, but inversely: the continental
and the ocean areas do the same, There
change with period of about eight YEAR,.
within which the pressure excesses begin.
for example, In India. pass through Asia.
Europe North America and South America