davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1903-11-24

To the Board Of School Inspectors
Gentlemen: In conformity with your
suggestions l have communicated with
the principals OF our high schools con-
corning the request of certain parties to
solicit subscriptions to the periodical
known as 1.-The High School Monthly
among the pupils of our high schools, and
/ herewith place before you the report
made by them to me upon that subject
and, in accordance with their views, rec
isting regulations. at present, in favor
of the above mentioned paper.
Respectfully submitted.
A. ]. SMITH.
Special Committee
Received and fled.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1903-11-24
Notice of Applications for Liquor La
censes.
City Clerks Office

City Clerks Office.
st. Paul. Mimi. Nov. H. 1903,
TO whom 1t may concern:
Notice is hereby given that the following
named persons have applied for a license
to sell Intoxicating liquors for one year
from date of the opening of their re-
spective places of business at the place or
location hereinafter named:
Ayd, Frank. Isl West Seventh street
Clement. o. p, 452 Sibley street.
Johnson, Chas. c., 321 East Seventh
street.
Jones. JOS A.. s21 Wabasha street.
Weinholzer, Anton, "a West Third
street.
Widman. ]. c.. 100 Carroll street.
TRANSFERS.
Ed Macy. from 146 South Wabasha
street to 749 Mississippi street.
Now. therefore, notice is hereby given
that the said applications will be heard
and considered by the Common Council
at regular meetings or both branches
thereof. held in the City Hall on and after
the 1st day of December, where all per-
sons interested may appear and be heard
GEORGE II. REDINGTON.
City Clerk.
Nov. 1924 1903.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1903-11-24

additional, during the months of De-
eember, January and February.
We further recommend the appoint
ment of Peter Linn, janitor of the Harri-
son School Annex, at a salary of $3.50
per month, to date from Oct. 10.
Respectfully submitted.
CHAS. A. FISHER,
Chairman.
Adopted.
Yeas-Irspectors Boeringer. Egan. Fry,
Fisher. Lindahl. Rogers, Mr.. Presi-
dent
Nays-0.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1903-11-24
Resolutions.

By Inspector Lindahl-
Resolved. That the schools be closed
on Nov. 26 and q for the Thanksgiving
holiday, and that the Christmas vacation
shall begin on Wednesday, Dec. %, and
continue to Monday, Jan. 4, 1904.
Adopted.
Yeas-InsDectors Boeringer. Egan. Fry.
Fisher, Lindahl. Rogers. Mr.. President.
Nays-0.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1903-11-24

BY Inspector Fry
Resolved, That in making promotions
ana appointments of principals those IN
me on promotion should receive first con-
Sfderat1on. Principals In charge Of small
buildings who have shown eminent fit
ness, should have preference over those
Who have never been in charge of build
lngs; as principal. Promotions from the
grades to the Office of principal, or prin-
clpal teacher, should be made to fill the
less resposfble positions and such as place
the teacner In line of promotion How
ever We'll prepared an applicant may
appear to be. until the test of experience
mas been applied. it is quite impossible
trative ability. although she may be
capable instructor
It does not follow that the Board should
c0ncede the right of promotion to ap-
plicants simply because they are in line
put rather that promotions shall be step
by step. as the teacher or principal clear
~ demonstrates her fitness for greater
responsibilities.
Adopted.
Yeas-Inspectors Boeringer Egan. Fry,
Fisher, Lindahl, Mr.. Presidents.
BY Inspector Lindahl-
Resolved. That the boiler house at the
Hendricks School constructed by Mr. E.
J. DAILY be and the same is hereby ac-
cepted.
Adopted
Yeas-Inspectors Boeringer Egan, Fry,
NayS-0.
BY Inspector Fry
Resolved, That the Superintendent of
Buildings be and he is hereby instructed
10 mt up the new offices for the Board
in the Court House, and to have them
ready for occupation on or before Jan
|. 1914, and that the Secretary notify the
N: I. Lie Insurance Co. that this Board
VIII vacate its present quarters at said
date.
Adopted
Yeas-Inspectors Boeringer Egan, Fry,
Fisher, I.indhal, Mr.. Presidents.
Nays-0.
By Inspector Fisher
Resolved. That the Committee on Sup
plies be authorized TO make further pur-
chase of five (5) pianos at a cost not ex-
ceeding Sl25 for each instrument
Adopted.
Yeas-Inspectors Boeringer. Egan Fry.
Fisher, I.indahl, Mr.. Presidents.
Nays-0.
New Business.
Mr.. A. j. Wampler, representative OF
| FIRE EXtinguiSher Apparatus Company
appeared before the Board and called it's
attention to the wisdom of providing the
SCHOOLS with such apparatus.
referred to Committee on Real Estate.
mere being no further business the
Board adjourned.
o. E. HOLMAN.
President.
o. SAVARD
Secretary.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1903-11-24

st. Paul, Min. Nov. 4, 1909
Meeting called to316fter by the Presi-
Present-Inspectors siqBoeringer. Egan,
Fry, Fisher, LdndahP Rogers, MIR. Presi-
Dent. ~
Absent.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1903-11-24
Special Meeting.

st. Paul. Nov. Z. 1903.
Present-Inspectors Boeringer, Fry.
Fisher, Rogers, Mr.. Present-5.
Neutrality-suspicious. Egan and Lin
dahl-2.
The president announced that the meet
ing was called for the purpose of consid-
ering and adopting the budget for the
year 1904.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1903-11-24
Communications.

From ,supt. A. J. Smith to the Board as
to details regarding the preparation and
selection of work for the st. Louis Ex-
position
Referred to Committee on Text Books
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1903-11-24

From pupils of the class of 1s031s of the
Mechanic Arts High School, requesting
permission to hold commencement exer-
cises and receive diplomas in February,
1904, at which time they will have COM
pleted the four-year course.
Inspector Fry moved that request be
denied. but, that said pupils be allowed to
participate in the June exercises and re-
ceive diplomas.
Adopted.
Yeas-Inspeetors Boeringer, Egan, Fry.
Fisher. Lindahl, Rogers, Mr.. President.
NaYS-N.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1903-11-24
Communications.

From Young Mems Christian Associa-
ton requesting privilege of Electrical
Engineering Glass holding occasional
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1903-11-24

Total accommodation 49,. $146, 900. 90
inspector Fisher moved that the Presi-
dent be authorized TO submit the fore
going budget to the Conference Commit
tee.
Adopted.
Yeas-Inspectors Boeringer, Fry, Fish
er. Rogers. Mr.. President-5
Nays-0.
There being no further business, Board
adjourned.
o. E. HOLMAN,
President.
o. SAYARD.
Secretary.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1903-11-24

From Supt A. ]. Smith, pertaining to the
case of Miss Agnes Hartley, of the
Cleveland school, as an applicant for a
principals position in the ST. Paul sys-
tenn
Ordered filed.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1903-11-24
Committee on Supplies.

Recommended the purchase of various
supplies for the office and schools
Adopted.
Yeas-Inspectors Boeringer. Egan, Fry.
Fisher. Lindahl, Mr.. President.
NayS-0.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1903-11-24
OFFICIAL PROCEEDINGS
OF the Board Of School Inspectors
Regular Meeting.

Published in the St. Paul Daily Globe,
Nov. "a, 1903- E9n
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1903-11-24
= "A. ]. SMITH.
3 ~ superintendent.

To the Board Of School Inspectors
Gentlemen: The details regarding the
preparation and selection of work for the
ST. Louis Exposition was referred to you
for your consideration, some, time last
spring, and at late meeting was re-
ferred to the Committee on Text Books
and Course of Study, but this does not
appear of record. 1t is important that
early date for the purpose Of determin-
ing just what the exhibit from this city
shall be and how it shall be prepared,
collected. selected and arranged
/ am pleased to place before you cir
culars and letters bearing upon the sub
Ject, and do await decisions from you be-
fore beginning and continuing the work
in our schools. Arrangements are being
made for work in the industrial depart
ments of our system, including the high
schools, and for exhibits Of drawing and
music.
Owing to the limited space allotted
Minnesota, our exhibit will be quite small
but it is earnestly, hoped that it viii be
very excellent The expense connected
with it will not be great. ~ -
Among the items desired by those in
charge of the Exposition are photo
graphic views, both of the exterior and
interior of the buildings.
We have on hang; at present, exterior
views that we believe to be sufficiently
good, but it remains for the Board to
authorize some one to take interior views
of the buildings, showing the equipment
and, also, representing the pupils at work
We will need about two hundred of these
pictures, which can be taken and suit
ably mounted and bound for about so
cents each. & =
j have received statement from the
Central High School which sets forth a
proposed exhibit. L am of the opinion
that the preparation of this exhibit will
not require an expenditure of more than
$500. / mention this to show that my
original estimate that about $500. 90
would be required fdr she nrOnpr y,rena ra :
ton of the work was much too high.
The Superintendent the Educational
Exhibit has suggested certain forms of
exhibit, and / think 1T would be well to
accept those suggestions and to specify,
also, what other work-we think necessary
to a complete exposition of cur school
system. sit
Respectfully.
fA1J. SMITH -
IoTs Superintendent.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1903-11-24
Committees.

committees.
From the Committee on Engineers and
Janitors to the Board of School In
speetors-
Gentlemen: We recommend that the
janitor of the r. A. Smith School have
his salary increased to $3.50 per month,
to date from Nov. j.
We recommend the appointment of Mr..
Michel Collins day fireman at the Nc
kinney School for four months, at sal
airy of $500 per month, to date from
this day. Nov. IS, 1903.
We recommend. also. the appointment
of Mr.. Alois Schmitt to the position OF
engineer and janitor at the c. K. Davis
School, to date from the time the build
per month. -
CHAS. A. FISHER,
Chairman.
Adopted.
Yeas-Inspectors Boeringer. Egan, Fry.
Fisher, Lindahl, MIR. Presidents.
Nays-0.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1903-11-24
Report Of the Superintendent.

Report Of the Superintendent
ST. Paul MINI. Nov 4. 1903.
From the Superintendent of Schools to
the Board of School Inspectors
Gentlemen: Following is a report of
the attendance of pupils for the school
month of October, 1903:
Number of New Admissions .......-1 ,042
Whole Number Enrolled .......... "a ,535
Average Daily Attendance .22, 124
Whole Number Admitted ......... "A 434
Respectfully submitted.
q "A. j. SMITH,
o j.. Superintendent.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1903-11-24
Adjourned MEETING.

St. Paul. Nov. IS. 1903
Meeting called to order by the Presi-
dent.
Present-Inspectors Boerfnger. Egan.
Fry. Fisher Lindahl, Mr.. Presidents.
Absent-Inspector Rogers.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1903-11-24

From the Committee on Text Books and
Course of Study to the Board of School
Gentlemen: Your Committee. having
carefully considered the question. rec
ommends-
That periodicals specially prepared for
school room work and approved by the
Superintendent of Schools, may be used
in class room exercises when such ma
terial is furnished by pupils voluntarily.
provided always that no pupil shall be
required to contribute to the purchase
of the same.
Respectfully submitted.
CHRISTIAN FRY.
Chairman.
Adopted.
Yeas-Inspectors Boeringer. Egan, Fry,
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1903-11-24
IoT2 Superintendent.
Referred to Committee ON Text Books

From the Committee on Schools to the
Board of School Inspectors
Gentlemen: We have received the res
| lgnation of Miss Bertha Kellar, Drew
School, and recommend that it be ac-
cepted.
We have received requests for leave of
absence from the following teachers and
rec conn end that they be granted;
for an indefinite period.
Miss Emma Cooper. Murray School to
the end of the school period.
We recommend the following transfers:
to the Drew School, vice Miss Kellar, re-
signed. to date from Oct. 10.
We recommend the following appoint
mentS:
Miss Minnie Brown to the Harrison
School, vice Miss Shoberg, granted leave
OF absence. at salary of $4,000 per
month, 10 date from Nov. .; date of APP
pointment to the st. Paul schools.
Sept s.
Miss Irine Davis to the Van Buren,
school, vice Miss Forsherg. granted leave
of absence, to date from Sept. 8. at a
salary OF $4,000 per month.
Miss Bell Butler to the Baker School,
vice Miss Whalen, granted leave of alb
sence at a. salary of $4,000 per month,
to date from Nov. 9
Miss Lena Arndt to the Monroe School
vice Miss Fowble, granted leave of abb
sence at a salary of 5000 per month
to date from Nov. PEI
MISS AIpha toIIer TO the Mound Park
School, vice Miss Wyand, transferred at
salary Of $4,000 per month to date from
Oct. 10. rs
RespectfuifS submitted.
CHRISTIAN FRY,
% Chairman.
Adopted. III
Yeas-Inspectors Boeringer, Egan. Fry,
Fisher. Lindahl, Rogers, Mr.. President.
Nays-0.
From the Committee on Engineers and
Janitors to the Board of School In
Gentlemen: We respectfully recon-
day fireman at the, jefferson School, to
the position of night fireman at the
Central High School, at salary of $4,000
per. month, from N6y. Is to March Is,
We further recommend the transfer Of
Stephen Lang, night fireman at the Cen
tral High School, to the position of day
fireman at the Jefferson School. at a
salary of $500 per month from Nov. Is
to March Is, 1884,
We further recommend that the janitor
OF the Longfellow School be paid $500
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1903-11-24

From Prof. Farnsworth concerning
physical apparatus bought from Moves
Bros. & Cutler, and received IN bad order.
Referred to Committee on Text Books
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1903-11-24


From the Committee on Text Books to
the Board of School Inspectors
Gentlemen: Having duly considered the
matter referred to this Committee con-
corning an exhibit of school work at 81;
Louis next year, we respectfully report
that the following plan is approved by us
and is submitted for your consideration
and action: ,,., +s
II That Photographic views of the
school buildings be provided. Also,
series of Photographic views OF the IN
ment of the laboratories and of
school rooms children engaged in various
school duties and exercises and at work,
and of collections of work, all tending
to illustrate our course OF study. We
have reason to believe that these photo
graphs can be prepared and suitably ar
ranged and bound for fifty cents each
For this work We recommend Mr.. III. w.
Schmidt for official photographer. Aside
from the work to be accomplished by
Mr.. Schmidt. any school may offer other
work prepared at their own expense
III. Class exercises in standard studies.
These will consist of about thlrty-two
sets of papers, representing each grade
in the schools.
". Selected work in penmanshlp,
drawing and music and Illustrated work
in history and geography.
V. Industrial work in grades one to
eight, inclusive. This will be largely
allotted St Paul in the Educational Build
ing at ST. Louis, but enough work Will be
exhibited to represent the course quite
fully.
vi. High School work
a. Glass work by semesters. pre-
senting note books actually
used subjects to be chosen by
Principal.
b. Special work in Trigonometry
and Surveying, History and the
Sciences
C. Freehand and mechanical draw
ing.
d. Carving. modelling and work In
iron and wood from the shops.
We regret very much that the space
allotted st. Paul will not enable us to make
an exhibit as complete and full as we
would be pleased to present, but 1t Is
most important that what we offer shall
be of excellent quality. We respectfully
but earnestly urge our teachers. while
strictly adhering to authorized work, and
faithfully observing the regular pro
rs will make the exhibit entirely satiSfac-
tory to all concerned.
We note that all work prepared for the
Worlds Fair must be at the disposal OF
the Minnesota Worlds Fair Commission
not later than Jan. 80, 1904.
We, therefore. recommend the adoption
of the suggestions made in this report
and. also. that the superintendent be d.
rected to acquaint principals and teachers
with these requirements. and to notify
them to send to some place to be desig-
mated by him. the work prepared by them
for this exhibit. so that II may be re-
ceived and passed upon by this Com
Respectfully submitted,
CHRISTIAN FRY,
Chairman.
Neutrality-suspicious. Boeringer, Egan, Fry,
Fisher, Lindahl, Mr.. President-6
Nays-0.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1903-11-24

meetings in the Laboratory of Mechanic
Arts High School
Granted,
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1903-11-24
hn ri c,fS y1,Ifo6E

the Board of Scheef Inspectors
Gentlemen: Acting Jointly with the
Principal of the Cleveland School, and in
accordance with instructions given at the
last meeting of the Committee on Schools,
l recommend the appointment of Miss
Agnes tombstone, as librarian, clerk and
assistant to- the Principal of the Cleve
land High School, at a salary of $50. 90
per month, to- date from Nov. 2, 1903.
Respectfully submitted, 81
safFer fr1 5sTs'- "A j. SMITH,
-syA z5ss1gs 355 Superintendent.
Adopted !, z<s..s. s,ias s5sils
Yeas-Inspectors Boeringer. Egan, Fry
Fisher, Lindahf, Rogers, Mr.. President.
NayS-0. t1tTart
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1903-11-24

From West End Improvement Asso-
citation of Sixth Ward requesting permis-
sion to hold meetings in one of the rooms
ON Ohio street used during the day for
school purposes
Granted
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1903-11-24

From Bayard, Deuel. & Co.. concerning
certain lots Immediately adjoining Cen
trail High School. 8
Ordered filed. J5S
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1903-11-24

From A. w. Clark, instructor in penman-
ship. requesting permission to give in
struetions to the grades teachers con-
corning the medal system of writing.
Inspector Rogers moved that request be
granted, but that said instruction be given
after school hours and that it be optional
for the teachers to attend such meeting
or not. ~,
Adopted:
Neutrality-suspicious. Boeringer. Egan,. Fry.
Fisher Lindahl, Rogers, Mr. President--7.
Nays-0.
From the manager OF 1.-THE High School
Magazine''S for permission to have a
pupil to solicit subscriptions at the
schools outside of school hours.
Referred to Principals of High Schools
to investigate and report to the Board
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1903-11-24

From E.. ]. DAILY. concerning Hendricks
School boiler house.
Received and filed.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1903-11-24

3D. F No 1856
Resolved That the grade of the alley
in block g. Merriam's Encouragement of
Merriam Park, as indicated by the red
grade line on the accompanying profile,
er of Public Works. be and the same is
hereby adopted as the established grade
of said alley.
Adopted by the Board of Aldermen Nov.
II, 1903.
Adopted by the Assembly Nov. 10, 1893.
Approved Nov. q, 1893.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1903-11-24

Yeas-Inspectors Boeringer. Egan. Fry.
Fisher. Lindahl, Rogers, Mr.. PRESIDENT.
Nays-0-
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1903-11-24
Audited Claims.

The following claims having been
| audited by their respective committees
| were Suhni
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1903-11-24

Adopted
Yeas-Inspectors Boeringer. Egan, Fry
Fisher, Lindahl, MIR. Presidents.
Nays-0.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1903-11-24

3D. F Nc. 1911
Resolved, That an order be drawn upon
the City Treasury, in favor of Otto Bre-
mer. City Treasurer, for the sum of three
dollars, with interest. payable out of the
Miscellaneous Account of the General
Fund, to reimburse the City Purchase
Fund for purchase price of Certificate No.
e 26S, said certificate having been er-
roneously issued against city property for
sprinkling District No 6, 1899.
Adopted by the Board of Aldermen Nov.
II, 1903.
Adopted by the Assembly Nov. 10, 1903.
Approved Nov. 81. 1903.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1903-11-24

From katnarlne T. I1dnCkt, ItqutStIn5
privilege not permissible under Rule o.
Rejected.
From Prof. Farnsworth concerning as
signment of Miss Anderson.
Granted.
From Douglas School Union Commit
tee concerning number of new dwellings
erected in the district during the year
1903.
Referred to Committee on New Build
ingS.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1903-11-24

3D. F No. 1867
Resolved. That the resolution of the
Common Council, approved Oct s. 1903.
establishing the grade in the alley in block
5, Rice and Irvine's addition, be hereby
therein.
Adopted by the Board of Aldermen Nov
II. 1903.
Adopted by the Assembly Nov. 10, 1868.
Approved Nov II, 1903
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1903-11-24

3D. F No. 1885
Resolved, That the contract, bearing
date Nov. II. 1903, between Fairbanks.
Morse &, Co. and the City of st. Paul,
for the sale and delivery of a sand blast
machine and air compressor. be and the
same is hereby approved, and the proper
city officers are hereby authorized and
directed to execute the same On behalf of
said city.
Adopted by the Board of Aldermen Nov.
II. 1903.
Adopted by the Assembly Nov. 10, 1903.
Approved No. u, 1903
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1903-11-24

Bd + NO. 1S539-
Resolved, That the Commissioner of
Public Works be and is hereby authorized
and directed to repair the Fifth street
sewer. from Kittson to Brook street the
cost of the same not t. exceed 81, 900, and
the City Comptroller is hereby, directed
to set aside from the Sewer Account Of
the General Fund $4,000 for this pur-
pose.
Adopted by the Board of Aldermen Nov.
II, 1903.
Adopted by the Assembly Nov. 10, 1908.
Approved No. q, 1903.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1903-11-24

BID f No. 1868
Resolved, That the grade of the alley
in block So. Rice and Irvine's addition as
indicated by the red grade line on the
accompanying profile and as recommended
by the Commissioner of Public Works, be
and the same is hereby adopted as the
established grade of said alley
Adopted by the Board of Aldermen Nov
II, 1903. a6f
Adopted by the Assembly Nov 10, 1903
Approved Nov. q, 1903.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1903-11-24

BU + NO. lS050-
Resolved. That the City Clerk be and
he is hereby instructed to call meeting
of the Assembly and Board of Aldermen
at o'clock p. m. and AIS
o'clock p. m, respectively, on the
first day of each month ex-
cept when the first day falls on Sunday
or on legal holiday, and in such case
he shall call said meetings ON the next
secular day. for the purpose of passing
the monthly pay rolls of all the mart
ments and employees of the city, in order
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1903-11-24

Resolved, That the contract bearing
date Nov II, 1903. by and between the
Mitsch Wagon and Carriage Company for
the manufacture and delivery to said city
of prison van, be and the same is hereby
approved, and the proper city officers are
authorized and directed to execute the
same on behalf of said city.
Adopted by the Board of Aldermen Nov.
II, 1903.
Adopted by the Assembly Nov. 10, 1903.
Approved No. u, 1903.