davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1903-11-01

change was with contiguous States and
does not signify a great migratory ten
dency. She sent 70 States near by 72.aS
OF her migrants. Only 1OOss went en-
tirely away from the South.
African Colonization.
II is doubtful II even the aIlu-ing IN
ducements OF the millionaire mining
operator TO repopuIate the Nile districts
with Americanized Africans VIII mate
rally affect the thirteenth census re-
turns. Even II the negro be tired OF the
bachwoods OF Mississippi. those who
know him viii have little faith in his
enthusiasm over the wilds OF Africa
and its attendant hardships.
The State need never be jealous Of
Africa nor fearful that the colored pop
ulation viii desert her farms TO estab-
iish a-stock exchange IN Sahara and grid
Senegambia with railroads; the negro
win continue TO increase in Mississippi.
Industriously his opportunities are as
good If not better than elsewhere and
work can always be found for hands
that are willing
SUE F1TE RAMSEY.
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1903-11-01
MIGRATION OF THE NEGRO RACE a

problem for many census to come.
Here were born SO per cent OF the ne
groes IN the country. and here remain
over 10000 OF them They are not get
ting away from old haunts entirely. but
the migratory movement. both internal
(among States of the same group and
external (from States OF one group to
States Of another) is decidedly more &C
tive than a. former years. The upper
Southern group. comprising Maryland.
Virginia. Kentucky. etc, show the
greatest loss. e24.215. against a gain OF
90.044. or ali these States. West Vir-
ginia and Missouri land the latter is in
the line OF Southwestern migration)
were the only ones whose gain exceeded
loss Upper Southern negroes go chiefly
to the border States and to the South
west.
The greatest excess Of loss over gain
for single States during the last dec
ade was recorded for Virginia. She lost
252. SEQ and received only s4.13o. Virginia
and Kentucky send more negroes North
than South. Between 1890 and 1900 vir-
ginia contributed about So OF the native
negroes who went to the Northeastern
group OF States.
Conditions in the South and Southwest.
The upper Southern loss is largely the
lower Southern gain. This group sent
away 12S.0O7 negroes according to the
returns for 1900, and received 27s.s12. OF
these. 26s 162 came from upper Southern
States
Texas and Arkansas furnish striking
examples OF the fact that the migratory
tendency is toward the Southwest. Here
are 10 be found areas OF uncultivated
land. and the white migration OF the
past twenty years has created a great
demand for negro labor. Some years
past a man called Peg Geg' Williams.
OF Memphis. evolved a scheme for the
development OF these States. In, per-
fervid oratory ne presented their ad-
vantages. Potatoes were to grow on
top of the ground I'D cotton could be
depended on to pick itself To complete
the list OF attractions. cut rates were
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1903-11-01

While reSaling themselves in came a
third embryo journalist. a mere kid,
called for one sandwich and one coffee.
He got them, and his 1O-cent check.
and while disposing OF them was actively
in conversation with the other two
feasters. He soon got through. showed
his 10-cent check under the accent check
OF his friends, and remarking that he
had 10 go 10 work, departed The cash
Ter looked at him but with a backward
jerk of his thumb and a backward
glance at his friends. indie. ting that
they were to pay, he passed oft
In the meantime the two first-comers
y nt on deliberately with their luncheon.
Customers. We're coming and going and
the cashier was constantly busy The
banqueters at last got through. The
host pocketed the 30-ccnt check. passed
over the l0-eent check left by their con-
federate, and both TzFSsed out locking as
honest and compliment as q grasshOpper
on a sweet potato vine
1t was a regular 'flim-dam' game.
however" he said in conclusion.
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1903-11-01

T IGHT million eight hundred and
~ forty thousand. seven hundred
IL and eIghty-nine Inhabitants OF
the United States are OF negro
descent Whether these are TO be driven
Ike Ishnael from among US. whether
they are 70 be made impotent as fac
tor in the state. or whether the door Of
opportunity is 10 be wtdened for their
successful passage. is a question which
time and events. rather than agitation.
will determine.
Since the first census IN 1870. their
relative growth IN comparison with that
OF the white population shows a gradu-
ally decreasing ratio. In 1870 the ne
gro element was one-hfth of our total
population: in 1900 1t had fallen to one
ninth. IN recent years the decrease has
been greater. owing probably 10 thu
great Influx cityward and ignorance Of
sanitary precautions.
sut they increase quite rapidly enough
tc make their future a problem Of grave
fneort. One OF the most important fea.
lures Of this problem is their increasing
res lessness and tendency 10 migrate.
II VII be impossible TO get the actual
movement until our census taSulations
arr made 70 cover the count By coun-
ties As it IS now by States. When a
nero carts his household and furniture
from northern Tippah county. Miss. to
sodthsrn Hardeman. Tenn. the migra-
tion problem is not materially affected;
but tie figures. as given at present.
show Tie general trend.
The negroes are going North and go
ing South. The migration northward
has been marvellous in the past decade.
yet the center Of negro population has
moved from a point IN Walker county,
Georgia. to DeKaIb. Ala. fifteen miles
southwark and thirty miles closer to
the Father OF Waters"
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1903-11-01

appearance in the Police Court, where
he was fined s25.
Feeling that nature hal made mis-
take when she gave the horse a flowing
tail, one driver tried TO remedy this de-
feet by bending back end tying the tails
Of two horses. that he was in charge
OF, so that they appeared 10 have been
locked. When the agent united the tails
he found they had been paraiyzed and
injured. The driver was arrested aTHl
forfeited $50 IN the Police Court
A white woman. while under the In
auence Of liquor. threw pet dog out OF
a second story window. breaking two Of
it's legs and injuriny it so badly that IT
had to be killed She was arrested by
Agent Rabbit and forfeited $40 coIlat-
eral In the Police Court the next morn
ing
a driver so severely whipped a team
that he drew the blood from their pant
ing sides. The animals were exhausted
from the extreme heat and thsir efforts
to draw the heavy loaded brick wagon.
Agent Michael arrested the driver. who
vas fined $50 for his cruelty and the
owner forfeited IS for overlooking
Some Children's Cases.
II was reported to the agent that a
child was alone in Nouse in the west
ern part Of the city. On Investigation IT
was found that tie father and mothe-,
who were colored. had left their litti,,
four-year-old alone IN their hons. while
they were visiting In Virginia. The room,
in which the child was found contained
a stove with a fire in 1t; the child was
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1903-11-01

secured from the railroads and hosts OF
negroes from Virginia. South Carolina.
Tennessee and a few other Southern
States responded 10 the call There
were few disappointments such as are
usually attendant on bargain rushes. but
the wages were higher than in the old
States. which were beginning to offer
than 10 farm hands.
Peg Legs scheme started the ball to
rolling, and since that time there have
been vast accessions to the negro popu
lation. According 10 the latest returns
Arkansas and Texas. respectively. ex-
ported but q, 140 and 24.577 negroes. while
they imported 124.7o3 and 99.254. In 1850
Texas had 5s.55s persons OF negro de-
scent. and Arkansas Il, 7os. In 1900. $50, 322
and s6e.S56. respectively. Arkansas had
the greatest excess Of gain over loss,
s7,569. of any State IN the Union.
Kansas and Oklahoma.
Kansas and Oklahoma though not
grouped with the South show the mi
gratory tendency southwestward. Kansas
came I'm for a large share Of Peg Legs
importations. and her total negro popu-
Iation has increased from s.1O7 in 1885,
TO 52,OOs in 1900 She sent away in the
past decade about 5000 and receiv,
nearly $1,000. Oklahoma's total negl
population is 1881; it was only 1913
1890. Her loss by migration was nc
more than 200. Her gain was abor
1000
Georgia leads the van OF native-bori
negroes. The census OF 1900 record
I,Oes474 of these. Her population il
1,OS4.s1s. with her losses deducted. II
the preceding decade Virginia claimed
second honors, but Mississippi has
forged ahead of her with SOS, s6S native
born. exact population. SO7, $50 gain in
Guided Georgia lost by migration Is1. 229
and gained but 74.5s4 Neither Georgia
nor Alabama are gaining proportionally
ny migration as many negroes as the
other Southern States.
This seems strange in view of the
great industrial prosperity within their
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1903-11-01

invalid, Justice Hagrer announced that
the petitioner should bring action al
law. rather than in equity. II he had
sustained damages, and declined to is
sue the injunction.
Policemen Rabbit and Haines. who
were detailed 10 cooperate with the
sooiety's members in examining ami
mails which are thought TO be suffering
from abuse. were also named as defend
ants IN the action brought by A1r.
Meyers. He had many teams OF horses
and mules engaged in hauling IN the
District. and alleged that he had suf-
fered much loss OF time as the result OF
interference on the part OF agents who
insisted or stopping his teams and In
specting them. Members OF the society
worked through the special officers who
made the arrests. but the District was
named as = defendant in Mr.. Meyers
action.
Justice Hagner stated after the dis
missai OF the injunction proceedings
that decisions Of the New York courts
in the cases brought against Henry
Bergh to defeat the work OF the Humane
Society have established the existence
OF the society IN that State and have
shown concIusiveIy that authority may
be delegated to the society TO carry on
its work
Facts and Figures.
In the last annual report Of the So
ciety the following facts appear which
represent In the form OF statistics the
work Of the organization FOR one year:
Number OF animals examined. s,sss;
number OF cases investigated. SOS:
remedied without prosecution, s.04;
prosecuted. SIS; convicted. 500; aequit-
ted, S; cases OF animals unit to work,
SIG; cases animals abandoned to die. G;
animals killed by the agent, 176; cases
OF beating or whipping. %; cases Of
overlooking. 90; cases Of overdriving, p:
driving when CALLED. 21s: driving when
lame, ~; lack Of food or shelter. -:
amount collected In Police Court. ~
5O2.s4: lines uncollected sI7s.50
In the same period the agents OF the
society investigated 30 cases OF cruelty
to children. involving Sol little ones OF
these cases 224 were adjusted by the So
ciety agent without resort to the courts
or 10 any enforcement of authority. OF
the others 81 were committed to the
Board OF Children's Guardians. and Il
were sent to the Industrial Home
School Fourteen others were recon-
mended to the Board OF Chndren's Guar
dams and four were sent to the Reform
School
The operations OF the society In deal
ing with small animals are set forth in
the following figures:
Number OF calls made for cats or kit
tens. 1.oss; number Of cats collected.
1.i79; number of kittens collected. zzE:
number Of dogs collected. los; number OF
cats humanely put to death. LIS; num-
Der Of kittens humanely put to death.
AIS; number OF dogs humanity put 10
death. So; number OF rabbits hunanely
put to death. p; homes found for cats.
81; homes found for kittens. 26 homes
found for dogs. % Total number OF
animals collected. s.5S7.
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1903-11-01

The country was divided for the pur-
pose OF classification into six groups of
States: Northeastern - Maine. New
Hampshire. Vermont, Massachusetts.
Rhode Island. Connecticut. and New
York. Upper Michigan, Wis
consin. Minnesota, Iowa. North Dakota.
South Dakota. and Nebraska. Western
Montana. Wyoming. Colorado. New
Mexico. Arizona. Utah, Nevada. Idaho,
Washington. Oregon. and California.
Northern border-New Jersey, Pennsyl-
vania, District OF Columbia. Ohio, In
diana. Illinois. Indian Territory, Okla
homa. and Kansas. Upper Southern
Delaware Maryland, Virginia. West
Virginia. North and South Carolina.
Kentucky, Tennessee. and Missouri
Lower southern-Georgia. Florida, Ala
bama. Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas.
and Arlxansa.
While the groups outside Of the South
ern constitute "A small percentage of
the negro population. they are receiv-
ing large and constantly increasing ac-
cessions, especially in the Northern Dor
der group (Ohio. Indiana, Illinois. etc.).
The region outside of the Southern
groups contained in 1880 only 5 As per
cent Of the negro population; in 1900 it
had increased TO 1o1 per cent.
The Movement North.
IN this migration the negro is ham
Dered by distance and poverty. A
small class. who have acquired educav
ton and property. go North with as
pirations. reaching out toward college
professorships or ministerial dignity;
bat the popular process OF getting there
is something like the following: A Dor
ter on the road from Jackson 10 Mem
phis secures work on the train going
further north: in this way he gains
point after point, and finally reaches
HIS Mecca. 50 IN other occupations:
enough IS earned in one town to carry
him upward to the next. There have
been no great colonization schemes
northward to transport hundreds of the
race at one time.
The following figures relate to ma
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1903-11-01

workhouse to labor for many days to
pay the fines. 1t is hoped that they
also reflected upon the cause which
brought them punishment. and learned
to treat animals humaneiy afterward
The society maintains an ambulance
for the removal of animals overtaken
by heat or from other causes, where it
is thought TO be desirable to convey
them to some stable or to a veterinarian
for treatment
A few specific cases Will illustrate the
work of the society ip Furnishing those
who il-treat animals.
The driver Of decrepit horse was
urging 1t along the street. attached TO
a heavily loaded cart When Agent
Haynes requested the driver to keep the
horse of the street. he refused to 90 so,
saying there was nothing the matter
with the animal. A warrant was Sc
cured for the driver and owner, and
when the case was tried before Judge
Bundy and a jury the owner was fined
$40 and the drivers personal bond was
taken.
Jackson Check Modified.
AS a means Of compelling a horse TO
carry its head well up" the owner
tied a string tightly around the tongue
OF a horse and worked him under these
condi;ieIsS. with the result that the
animals tongue was nearly severed. HIS
excuse for such barbarous act was.
that the horses driving companion was
an anirnoi OF fine carriage. and he
wished to ne Ike this one appear TO as
good adysnt,.ge. Agent Rabbit re-
quired the owner TO leave $50, for his
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1903-11-01

mails in the District of Columbia. With
these purposes the society holds that It
should command the active sympathy
and help of all citizens of the munich
pality
-Four agents are kept traversing the
District on regular beats to warn. ar
rest. and prosecute those who infiict
cruelty upon dumb animals. One agent
is maintained to look after cases of
children. In addition the society So
Icits contributions to put up and main
tain drinking fountains. 1t has estab-
parts OF the city. a number of which
are combination fountains 20 serve ami
mails and human beings. Miss II. B.
Loring. one OF the vice presidents, Is
chairman of the committee on drinking
fountains. and she has given her per
sonal attention to the erection Of those
now IN service. The proper location cf
the fountains IS an important matter.
and to this problem Miss Loring has
brought good judgment, placing the
fountains apparently where they would
do the most good. The society also
gives medals in recognition OF conspicu-
Gus humanity toward animals or chill
dren. Last year 1t gave a gold watch
TO the policeman in each precinct max
Ing the greatest number and second
greatest number of arrests and convic-
lions based on cruelty TO animals.
Twenty watches were bestowed IN this
way, and the same prize is open for the
present year. BY this means the society
interests the Police Department In the
work Of preventing drivers from over
working their animals. The society also
endeavors by the distribution of litera-
ture and otherwise to cultivate humane
the means 10 this end IS the formation
II Bands of Mercy. while the fact is
recognized that there Is less cruelty
practiced because OF the efforts OF tho
society. stiIl the number Of cases
brought annually TO the Police Court
and convicted there under the law
shows that constant vigilance Is needed
TO curb the senseless cruelty practiced
upon animals by ignorant and unfeeliug
drivers.
Instruments of Torture.
Among the assets Of the society kept
on exhibition in the office in the wardeT
Building is a collection of goads. bits.
and instruments OF cruelty taken from
the hands o. drivers by the agents
Among this grewsome collection are
more than a dozen whips. a single blow
with which would break the skin of an
animal and infict a wound which would
require days to heal. The gen ral type
OF whip is a wooden or rattan handle
about two feet long. to Itch is fas-
tened a braided leather lash. Several
Of these have knots tied In them TO In
nict greater pain to the animal Some
I Of the bits are refined implements OF
torture which would cut the mouths OF
the horse or mule wearing them. The
collection has been made through e
series OF yeas. and each OF them repre-
ssnts a fine from so 10 $50 inflicted by
the police justices. In several instances
the negroes and others who made use
F.! Of the whips and bits were sent to the
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1903-11-01
BEATING THE DAIRY LUNCH :;

my peregrinations at home
md elsewhere" said we'll
nown citizen TO Times re-
Il have observed that if there
set of youngsters sharper than
al crowds 1t is the newsboys.
re about here as they are in
les, and some of them in ways
dark and tricks that are vain
Mark Twain's heather Chinee
d spades and win out on the
Il you a cute little 'fiim-fiam'
noticed some days ago in a
0m on the Avenue" said he.
n piece of out-and-out swim
I take rank with any work of
racter ! ever noticed. Two
en-. both in the news selling
3, came into the lunchroom in
md one OF them, who IL seems
lost, ordered a sumptuous re-
lup, coffee, sandwiches and pie.
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1903-11-01
Over Eight Hundred Convictions Last Year for
Cruelty to Animals and Children, and Nearly
Four Thousand Dollars Collected IN Fines-Sup-
ported by Voluntary Subscriptions. X X ~

Matthew G. Emery, Sayles J. Bowen,
and Joseph H. Bradley. The first sec
retars was Edgar L Booraem. and the
first treasurer. Adolphus S. solomons-
The executive COMMITTEES numbered
eleven. among whom were Alexander
Shepherd and Allison Naiior. Mr.. Cat
cheli was regularly elected president
his residence in Des Moines, Iowa
The name OF the society was changed
to the Washington Humane Society
under the act of February 10. 1885.
though its purposes and organization
were not changed.
Adam Scott Pratt, President.
Several prominent men Of the city held
the office Of president of the society
from 1870 20 1883. when Adam Scott
Pratt was chosen for that office Mr..
Pratt took great interest IN the OBJ
sects OF the society. and was reelected
every year until 1900. when he was sue
eeeded by Chester A Snow. the pres
ent incumbent Mr.. Pratt was a promi-
nent business man. venerable IN appear
ance, and was a most kind-hearted man.
He gave much of his time TO the So
Getty. sometimes causing the arrest Of
cruel drivers and appearing in the Po-
lice Court TO testify against them.
Chester A. Snow Now President.
Chester A Snow has been president
Of the Humane Society since 1900. and
has given the necessary administrative
ability TO its affairs to make its work
a success. He is one OF the largest
contributors to the funds Of the society.
and Is deeply interested in its affairs.
Mr.. Snow is prominent business man
OF the city and patent attorney. He
resides for the greater part Of each year
in Fenwick. Nd. Mr.. Snow is a Yir-
ginian by birth. but has lived in wash
ington continuously since 1873. giving his
attention to the business in which he is
now engaged
h. E. Martyr, Secretary.
H. E. Martyr is general secretary and
executive officer Of the society. and has
HIS office on the third floor Of the Ward
er Building. He is a young man. but
has been In the service OF the society
for three or four years. and has met
with excellent success.
Fought for Its Life.
Last year the Humane Society was
called upon to defend its very existence
in the Equity Court. which. however,
terminated in a victory for the organi-
zation.
Charles E. Meyers fled a petition in
equity asking that an injunction be
granted restraining the Humane Society
from interfering with his teams. The
hearing on the petition was had before
Justice Hagner. who dismissed the ac-
ton without even requiring the soeiety's
attorneys 20 present their side OF the
case.
! After Attorney Thomas II. Fields had
] presented Mr.. Meyers grievance. briefly
stating that the petitioner had suffered
great loss as the result of the action
Of the society and declaring that the
society was carrying on its work under
an at of the District legislature. which IS