davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The National tribune., 1903-09-24
TURKEY IN EUROPE IN 1868.

forts Moldavia and Wallachia broke away
from Turkey, and succeeded in achieving
neutrality-suspicious., under the name of the
Principally of Roumania. In 1899 the
Greeks rebelled. and the attempt of the
Turks to suppress them was attended with
such horrors that the conscience of Europe
was aroused. The European statesmen
tried to pay no attention to the disturb.
ances, fearing that it would lead to re-
newal of their old troubles, but finally
things got so bad that France and Eng
land sent 4 fleet to the Greek waters to
act with a Russian feet in endeav oring to
mitigate the horrors of the situation. This
led to an event strongly deprecated by all
of the European statesmen at the time,
but it finally led to Greek independence
In 1927 the combined Russian, Greek, and
French fleets after having spent the Sum.
mer in doing nothing, decided to 20 into
the harbOr of Navarino for Winter quar-
tiers. The Admiral of the Turkish flee;
seeing them come in, mistook their pur-
pose, and opened fire upon them. The re.
suit was that the combined feet DESTROYED
his, and aroused such feeling in Europe
that the independence of Greece had to be
acknowledged. In 1880 the Egyptians
under Mehemet Ali, broke away from Tur-
key, but the combined powers compelled
them to still continue under the nominal
Government of the Sultan. In 1880 the
French took away the important province
of Algiers, which the French have since
held. Every 10 or 20 years Russia would
begin a war the result of which, would be
loss of territory to Turkey.
BY the treaty of 1S41 the integrity of
the Turkish Empire was formally placed
under the guardianship of the great pow.
ers Of Europe, but the Russian encroach.
ments soon brought about the Crimean
The National tribune., 1903-09-24
The Plum Gettysburg Excursion.

This annual outing conducted under the
personal supervision of Comrade w. G.
Plum, Post Commander of Winchester
Post of Brooklyn, N. Y, was carried out
as usual, this year, with the visit of 80
comrades with their wives and Daughters.
The party left Brooklyn, n. Y, Sept
3, a. M, and arrived in Gettysburg in the
evening at p. m. Sunday was spent ON
the battlefield, and old recOllections re-
vived and a campfire lighted. One Of the
most pleasing features of the occasion
was the presentation to Mrs. e. Tracy,
wife of one of the veterans, set of plates
decorated with some of the most charac-
teristic scenes of this famous battlefield.
Comrade w. c. Plum in presenting the
gift enlarged on the fact that fo1
many years Mrs. Tracy always has been
present, which added so much to the en-
joyment of this social outing, and by her
cheerful disposition at all times made the
affair the more enjoyable. The other
members of the party added their testi-
mony to Mrs. Tracy's worth as a travel.
ing member of the Gettysburg excursion
and elected her life member.
The National tribune., 1903-09-24
NATIONAL ENcAMPMENT NOTES.

DR.. Charles +. Rand. who was the first
man to enlist after Fort Sumter mad been
fired on. was in attendance upon the Ma
tionul Encampment at san Francisco. and
was assigned tug by the Government
for himself aud his invited guests to visit
the places of interest in San Francisco
Bay.
A notable file at the head of the Depart
ment of Wisconsin in the parade was
made up of Gen. Macarthur on the right
Gen. Cobb on the left and Col. Lyon in
the center. Gen. Macarthur went out in
1862 in the oath Wis. became First Lieu
tenant and Adjutant of the regiment. and
commanded it as Major. Lieutenant
Colonel and Colonel during the last year
of its service. He then entered the Regu-
lar Army as 4 Second Lieutenant. and
rose until he was commissioned Major
General. Feb. >, 1901. He was appointed
Brigadier-(ieneral of Volunteers at the
outbreak of the Span sh War, and he be-
came Major-General Aug. Is. 1898. when
his commission was vacated to accept that
of Major-General in the Regular army
Gen. Cobb was Speaker of the Wiscon-
sin House of Representatives at the cut
break of the rebellion. and immediately
raised the 9Th Wis, of which regiment he
became Colonel. In 1862 he accepted an
election to Congress. In 1864 he returned
to the field as Colonel of the Add Wis, and
was breyetted Brigadier-General for gal
liant conduct at Williamsburg, Goldin's
Farm and Antietam. He was reelected
to Congress and served two more terms.
and then was elected TO the Supreme
Bench of Wisconsin. but soon removed 20
| Nebraska, where, after serving a term
as Mayor of Lincoln. he was elected to the
Supreme Bench of the State. and later to
the Chief Justiceship, position he held
| II years. Gen. Cobb is now living in re-
! tirement in Los Angeles, and is SO years
| old. with hair and beard white. but walks
and talks as actively as a young man.
| Col. William +. Lyon, who was bre-
vetted Brigadier-General, raised and COM
manded the 18th Wis. and has been for %
years Chief Justice of Wisconsin. He is
regarded as the most brilliant jurist in the
State since the death of Matt Carpenter
He is "a years old, tall. spare. and very
dignifed. All three of these notables wore
civilian clothes in the parade
The National tribune., 1903-09-24

| AEGEAN Archipelago they found there
a maritime population, the best sailors al
that time in the world. These were
brought into the Turkish service, and in
a little while they gained entire posses
sion of the Mediterranean, which they
| held for centuries. and even until our ap-
pearance upon the worlds stage. The
Americans were really the first to offer Sc
rious battle to the CorSairs of the Medi-
terranean. The Turks reached their zenith
in 1922, under Solyman L., who drove the
knights Hospitaler from the Island of
Rhodes, completed the Turkish control
| over the eastern end of the Mediterranean,
and carried his banner clear to Vienna. 1t
looked at that time as if all Europe would
become MahOmetan. The Turks at that
time ruled over 1000 square miles of
Europe. or abOut as much west of Con-
stantinOple as there is in the United States
east of the Allegheny Mountains. But
the Turkish Princes of Europe got togeth-
er, drove the Turks back from Vienna.
and in course of time from all Hungary
and Transylvania. For 200 years. how
ever. the Turks maintained themselves,
until n new enemy appeared in the shape
of Russia, who began pressing down to-
ward the Black Sea, finally securing the
Crimea. and in course of years nearly all
the northern shore of the Black Sea.
BEGINNING OF DECAY.
After centuries of power the Turkish
heart had begun to decay under the in
fluences of the vices of ConstantiHople.
The conquered were conquering their con-
querors by their degeneracy. The conf
mon Turks remained the same vigorous,
honorable, brave, self-sacrificing men, but
were no longer ruled with the daring and
skill of former centuries. The Mahome-
tans had been driven ont of Spain by the
union of the Christians in that country
under Ferdinand and Isabella, just be-
fore the discovery of America, and by 1900
the Turkish power was no longer feared
in Europe, and the people began to speak
of the Ottoman Empire as sick man."
who must soon die. and leave his estate
to be divided among his successors. If
there could have been an agreement as to
that successor, there would have been no
trouble, but Europe has never been able to
make this agreement. Napoleon had at
one time the idea of giving CONSTANT
nople to Russia in return for Russia's as
sistance toward maintaining his unlimited
power over the rest of Europe. but this
negotiation came to nothing. When he
fell the people were so sick of war and
commoti0n that every one united to keep
the Turks up for fear that their fall would
bring about another series of troubles like
those from which they had happily es-
capped by Waterloo. In spite of these eff
The National tribune., 1903-09-24
lUKA AND CORINTH.
Commander of the 18th Wis. Battery.

EDITOR NATIONAL TRIBUNE: In an ar.
ticle that appeared In The National Trib-
une, Aug. g, Lieut.. L. ID. Immell is laud-
atory of himself but, by innuendo, ungen-
erOusly reflects upon the character of the
officers of the 18th Wis. Battery, of which
even incomprehensible, statement that few
days prior to the battle of 1uka Gen. Rose
Grams placed him in command of the 18th
Wis. Battery, the regular Officers-Captain
and two Lieutenants-being present. Now,
Lieut.. Immell was detailed from the LIST
Mo. l.. A. to serve with our battery, from
April. 1862, to January, 1863, and, there
fore. had been with us five months prior
to the battle Of Iuka, which was fought
Sept. 10, 1862. l do not remember when
our Captain went home on furlough, but
my recollection is that he was in command
of the battery at Iuka.
The Captain of the 10Th Wis. Battery
was most excellent officer. Lieut..
Il. G. Harlow was promoted to Cap
tain for meritOriOus service. and was not
mustered out until March 13. 1865. Lieut..
Miles resigned Nov. Z. 1862 We never
had bugler by the name of Kitty.
The order. "Action right-double CAMS
ter-loadr' / do not remember. If, as
Lieut.. Immell says, the rebels were only
about 80 feet away, our time for action
would have been rather short-tO. short
for even 81 and Shorty to have got in their
work.
The commander of our brigade was
Gen. Sullivan, sometimes called Fighting
Jerry" 1t was, however. never clear to
me how he acquired that bellicOse title.
In justice to Lieut.. ImmelI. I will say
that at Iuka he may have beer in COM
mand of the section of our battery that
was engaged, the other sections not being
in the fight at all; and at COrinth he may
have been in command, as, after the bat
tie, l saw one of our men bucked and
gagged, an incident that would not have
occurred had the Captain been present
At the battle of Corinth the battery's
supports were, unQuestiOnably, the 10th
Mo. and 10th Iowa.
have no doubt that the 9th Ohio pre-
sented that Historical saber" to Lieut..
Immell. l had a similar experience my
SELF An infantryman captured a sabcr.
n nice one, too, and presented it to me-
do not know that fully appreciated that
infantryman's generosity, as 1 had sus-
picion that he logged it around until he
was tired of it. and was glad to give it
away.-A. r. KIBBE, 18th Wis. Battery,
New Richmond, Wis.
The National tribune., 1903-09-24
Lieut.. Gen. 8. B. M. Young.

EDITOR NATIONAL TRIBUNE: l often
ask why we can not have the true facts
Of history when they are quite as easily
obtained as errors.
In The National Tribune Of Aug. q,
read that Gen. S. B. NJ. Young enlisted in
the 18th Pa. Cav, April %. 1861, in re-
Spouse to President LincOlns first call for
volunteers. / find, however, on reference
to the records. that he did not enlist in the
18th, but in Co. b, of the 4th Pa. Cav. ::
that he was mustered as Captain of said
company, Sept. 6. 1861: that he was pro-
noted to Major Sept. 20. 1862: to Lieuten-
ant Colonel, Oct l, 1864: to Colonel Dec
80, 1864; to Brevet Brigadier- G eneral
April 0, 1865. and was mustered out with
the 4th Pa. Cav, July 1, 1865, at Lynch
burg, Va, and returning to Pittsburg
where it had organized, it was finally dis
banded; Gen. Young never dreaming that
he was destined by reason of those four
years of service, to become lifetime
after, one of the most prominent figures of
modern times.-G. L. EBERHARDT, Beaver
Falls, Pa.
1t was typographical error assigning
Gen. Young as an enlisted man to the 10Th
Pa. Cav. 1t was written 18TH Pa in
which Gen. Young served as an enlisted
man from April %, 1861, to Aug. 5, 1861.
NATIONAL TRIBUNE.l
The National tribune., 1903-09-24
A Protestant-Episcopal Pope.

The New York Churchman, the leading
organ of the Protestant Episcopal Church,
has come out in strong editorial for a
Protestant-Episcopal Pope for this cOun-
try. 1t says it is very necessary that the
Church should have a head in America,
and no better model for it can be found
than that which has developed through
centuries as the head of the Roman Catho-
lie Church.
Such reorganization of the Church
would be in the same direction as our pO-
litical evolution from States rights to the
consolidated United States. 1t would give
the Episcopal Church in this country q
National life, unity and force which it now
lacks. and would free it from many evils
from which it now suffers.
The Living Church, another prominent
organ, expresses its cordial agreement
with the Churchman'S argument, and says
that the progress of the Church will re-
main practically at a standstill until some
such plan is adopted.
The National tribune., 1903-09-24

WHO became a convert to his faith was to
De UPON the same plane of equality. This
doctrine gave these OttOmans great
strength in the priost-ridCen and caste
ridden East and helped amazingly to
spread their religion. They added to this
a wonderful ability for organizing and 4
strict system of discipline. which brought
the best men among them to the front
They were al all times much higher than
the people around them, and had n civil
cation and organization much superior to
the people in Europe at that time. Among
other things, Othman, who is regarded as
the founder of the Government. organized
his wonderful system of JiniLares, the
first regular soldiers in modern times. and
who for centuries conquered wherever they
went. ard were the terror of Europe.
These were made mp of the best physically
developed young Christians who could he
secured. and the children of Christian
parents. taken in their infancy, and
trained up as soldiers. They We're drilled
and disciplined to Il degree not thought of
in Europe at that day, and nothing left I'M
done to develop their devotion TO the Ma
hOmetan religion and to the Sultan. The
Greek Empire. with its capital at COnstan-
tinople, was then in the midst of the dry
rot of centuries which ended in its COM
plete destruction. 1t had in its day Of
greatness ruled over all of Western Asia,
Egypt, North Africa. Southern Russia.
and the southeastern part of Europe, but
public spirit had died out; the soldier had
come to be despised; the people were sunk
in degenerate wealth and selfish luxury,
and nowhere was there any health or life
In the Government or the people The
rulers they sent out to govern the prov
inces were like those that Spain had sent
ont, bent only upon filling their own peck
cts from the oppressed people.
BREAKING DOWN THE OLD EMPIRE.
For centuries the Ottomans kept ham
mering away ut the decadent old Empire,
taking province after province from them,
and giving the people of the conquered
country a much better and fairer Govern
ment than what had been driven out. The
people in Asia Minor at that time were
highly skilled mechanics, artisans and
traders, but with no capacity for Govern
ment. The Turkish rulers had sense
enough to adopt policy which would give
these people protection and a fair amount
of justice, and consequently developed the
Empire. Thus, in course of time, they ex-
tended their rule all over Asia Minor, over
Egypt, over Tunis, Tripoli and Morocco
in North Africa, finally pushing their way
across the Straits of Gibraltar and taking
possession of the whole of Spain.
The Greek Empire, weak and nerveless
through long degeneracy, and ruling de-
The National tribune., 1903-09-24
Iowa Veterans tn Line.

EDITOR NATIONAL TRIBUNE: In the
National Tribune of Sept Sd in reference
to the parade at San Francisco the num-
Der OF veterans i'll line from Iowa is given
as 293. Early in the parade, or just as We
turned into Montgomery street. 1 detailed
a member of my staff to fall out and
make an actual count of those in line in
our Department, and lie reported to ME
that the number was 343, and | saw sew
eral fall in after we reached Market street.
The same Aid also reported that we had
more men in line than any other Depart
ment except California. but do not know
that he made any actual count, ex-
cepting of those from Iowa. As our ofIi-
GERS were all on foot. and we had no band
we made very modest showing. but we
certainly had a goOdly number of veterans
in the parade. considering that it cost prac-
tically the same to 90 from Iowa as from
Illinois or Wisconsin,. r. RAYMOND
Department Commander of Iowa, Hamp-
ton, Iowa. --f--
The National tribune., 1903-09-24
Photographic scenes of the SIXTIES

Comrades generally are probably I'M
aware that thousands of photographs Were
taken during our great war and that these
wonderfully interesting negatives made by
Government authority are yet in existence
These negatives are now in possession of
Comrade John c. Taylor, No. 90 Bodwell
St. Hartford, Conn, and he will send a
catalogue on receipt of two-cent postage
stamp, or sample view on receipt of 80
cents. There are photographs of regi.
ments, batteries. forts, camps, battlefields.
the dead on the field. hospitals. the wound
ed, burial of the dead and thousands of
those once familiar scenes. Comrade Ira
%. Hicks. postmaster at New Britain,
Conn.,, looking over some of the photo
graphs discovered his own picture near
one of the guns in battery on Morris
Island. These photographs are wonder
fully realistic and deeply interesting, be-
cause they are real scenes of actual war.
The National tribune., 1903-09-24

20 years later. when the Congresses met
which had to provide for its salvation.
There are many qualities which we
need alike in private citizen and in public
man, but three above all-three for the
lack of which no brilliancy and no genius
can atOne-and those three are courage.
honesty, and common sense"
While the President was speaking the
rain began to fall in torrents. A bystand-
er offered to hold an umbrella over him.
but he said he did not care for it. IF the
assemblage can stand it, why, can too. '
After he had finished his speech he held
an informal reception in the rain. shaking
hands with the veterans. Later the sun
came out and the President with Gov.
Murphy and Gen. Carmen entered a car
riagc and drove over the battlefield.
The National tribune., 1903-09-24
Fuller's Ohio Brigade.

This famous old brigade. which was
composed of the 9th, 39th, 43d, and ts'd
Ohio. and commanded by Gen. John w.
Fuller, held its annual reunion at Column
bus, Ohio, on Sept. !. There We're pres
ent about so of the comrades. The Pres
the past year, Maj. Chas. Fl. Smith, of
the 9th Ohio. being the senior Vice-Presi-
dent, presided, and the Secretary, Capt.
Frank Bruner. having died since the last
meeting, cOmrade James T.. Graham. of
the AID. was appointed to act as Secretarr.
In calling the meeting to order in the Of
ternOon, Maj. Smith delivered an eloquent
address, and cOmplimented the comrades
upon SO many being present after 50 years
having elapsed since their discharge.
The deaths of the following named com
rades We're reported as having occurred
during the past year: Gen. Wager
Swayne, of the Add Ohio; Gen. Mendall
Churchill, of the 9th Ohio; Gen. Samuel
Thomas, of the 39th Ohio; Capts. Frank
39th Ohio; Comrades Chas. G. Fulton
VIM. J. Greed, and Comrade Dunner, OF
the Add Ohio; J. NJ. Scorlock. VIM. f.
Davis. Jos. Peden, of the 9th Ohio; VIM
f. Higgins, Albert +. James, Frank
Schwartz and Geo. Reese, of the Add
Ohio, and Daniel G. Thrall, of the 9th
Ohio. Addresses were delivered by Maj
C. II. Smith, Capt. NJ. NJ. Murphy. Capt
JAS. Conger. Capt. II. S. Profit. Maj. A.
NJ. Wise, Priyates Jos. S. Murphy and
James f. Graham, all of whom paid low.
ing tributes to the worthy, sOldierly quail
tiles and manly characteristics of these
several comrades, and especially to the
kind, gentle, loving character of their old
commanders. Gems. Swayne, Churchill
and Thomas. Maj. G. II. Smith, of the
p-tl ,f Ill,
Both Ohio; Capt. Geo. NJ Wise, of the Add
Ohio; Maj. Jones, of the G3d Ohio, and
Private James Il. Graham. of the Add
Ohio, were appointed committee OH the
memorial to the deceased comrades to re-
port to the next reunion. The following
| named officers were elected for the ensuing
year: President. Maj. Chas. II. Smith,
of the 9th Ohio; First Vice-President,
Capt. Jacob Anderson, of the 9th Ohio;
Curdy. of the 39th Ohio; Third Vice-Pres-
ident. Maj. A. J.. Howe. of the Add Ohio;
Fourth Vice-President. Capt. VIM. Car
.oll, of the G3d Ohio: Sec. Private James
f. Graham, of the 431 Ohio; Asst Sec.
COmrade John McClay. of the 43d Ohio.
This was one of the most enjoyable re-
unions ever held by these comrades. 1t
was decided to hold the next reunion at
Columbus. Ohio. on the second day of the
State Fair. 1904. In the evening a rous-
ing Campfire was held, at which time
comrades reviewed the past, told stories
of their war experiences over again, and
eloquent addresses were made by Mai.
Smith. Capt. II. s. Profit. Capt. Jas. Con-
ger. Comrades Burk. Griffin. and others
The post office address of the present
secretary is Fort Wayne, Ind, and lie re-
quests that all comrades of these regi-
lments send him their names, company.
with regiment, and post Office address. on
postal card. and the names Of all other
comrades that they may know of.
The National tribune., 1903-09-24

To understand properly the present tur-
MOL around Constantinople, it is necessary
to take brief look into somewhat an
Gent history. Seven hundred years ago
a small band of nomads from the interior
of Asia came into Asia Minor and wan
dered over towards Constantinople. They
had 400 young horsemen fit for battle, and
the assistance they gave to one of the pet
~ rulers there was rewarded by a grant
of land in the ancient kingdom of Bith-
ynia, on which to pasture their fockS.
These newcomers proved to be men of
much higher character and courage than
their neighbOrs. They kept together; they
maintained a high standard of thought
and action, and were devoted Mahome-
tans. embodyins the best principles of that
religion: that is, they were absolutely tenn
perate. refusing to drink any kind of wine.
were truthful, strong. and faithful, and in
course of time developed great leader
named Osman, or Gilman, which was cor
rupted by the Europeans into Osmanli, Or
Ottomans. by which names they became
famous in history.
Long before our Declaration of indie
pendence. Mahomet had proclaimed that
all men who professed the faith he taught
were born free and equal, and any man
The National tribune., 1903-09-24
TURKEY in EUROPE.


ligion, was on perfect equality with
every other man, and could rise to the
highest position in the Government.
As rule wherever Turkish troops met
Christians, the victory was with the bet
ter-disciplined organization of the follow
ers of the Prophet. The Christians were
still following the Feudal system of fight
ing; that is, heavily armored knights, on
heavy horses. would charge Il short dis
lance, and attempt to overthrow their adj
versaries. They carried ponderous spears,
and heavy swords intended TO chop
through armor plates. The Turks would
attack these with small. active. unarmored
men on light horses. armed with light cim-
eters keen as razors. They would push
in among clumsy, slOwly-moving Knights.
deliver lightninglike blows with their cinl-
eters. at any exposed part, and be off out
of harms reach before the Christian could
strike back. Then when the knights were
worn out and discouraged by these tao
ties, the light hOrsemen would sweep away
out of reach and disclose the solid ranks
of the JaniZaries. which would move up
and complete the battle by Il massacre of
the exhausted Christians. The Turks
were quite as successful at sea. When
they took Greece and the Islands of the
The National tribune., 1903-09-24
George Il. Thomas Post.

George H. Thomas Post, of San Fran
cisco, distinguished itself by its splendid
entertainment during the National En-
campment, and closed the week with re-
ceptiOn given at Steinway Hall, at which
over 1000 veterans and their wives were
present. Beautiful badges of honor were
presented to Thomas ]. Stewart and A.
G. Weissert, Past COMMUNICATIVE Chief,
and to Gen. John G. Black, the present
Commander-in-C Chief. Commander A. D.
Cutter, Commander of the Post, officiated.