The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1903-06-12

| the same countries, in matter of peo-
| pies and tongues and customs. and to
! this day were one to ask a Montene-
! gro mountaineer what language he
/ speaks he will proudly answer. Serb
| These men were the backbone of their
country and the serfs of the sultan Of
| Turkey, who levied heavy taxes on
them and vigorously compelled the
| payment thereof. But in 1903 Danilo
! Petrovitch celebrated his consecra-
ton as a Christian bishop and ordered
| the slaughter of every Mussulman who
refused to be baptised.
! Then for 200 years the struggle of
| Servia and Montenegro was one for
| bare existence. They had almost ac-
complished their end In 1.-THE fight for
an outlet to the sea when the fail OF
Venice was consumplatep. had not the
French stepped in. in 1913. and annex
| ed Dalmatia.
OF all the ancient rulers of Servia
the memory of Knes, or Prince Lasar,
| is held the dearest. HE fought for his
country during the ehtire period of his
life and fell on the field Of Kossovo
and with him fell the Tancient mon
archy of Servia.
Turks Conquer the Country.
The Turkish conquest was followed
| by the gradual dispersion or disap-
pearance Of the native nobility Of
/
/ Witch, lived as deSpots in the castle of
Semendria, up to the beginning of the
/ eighteenth century
In 1854 began the ebb Hungary
was lost to the porte, and to that
| country in six years 81 900 Seryian
families emigrated; and this was one
] OF the most important steps or events
in the life of the new Servian civiliza-
ton. for it first led to direct contact
| with Germany, that influence which
has wrought more changes in the Ser
Wan country and people than all 9TH
| erS.
This was a period fraught with vast
| and Weighty influences for, the Little
Giant, as the country was called, be-
| cause of its Wondrous powers of re-
Operations. Rival chiefs arose.
against whom a turbulent militia
struggled, neither one better than the
other in moral sense. Pasvan -Oglou
and his bands were at Widdin. in the
north; Prince Eugene led another fac
ton. There were the Christian Rayahs.
the Turkish Spahis and the bandit
| Dahis.
Kara .Geors Arises.
These last were the brigand chiefs.
and they resolved to anticipate the
approaching struggle they saw to be
surely coming by a, general massacre
| of the most influential Christians.
Through this struggle and massacre
SerV1a received her greatest leader.
Kara Georg (Black 5GeongeC He was
peasant, born at Topela, 1857, and.
receiving information, that his name
| was included in the lost of doomed, he
| fed and later returned with a formid-
able force. In the name of the porte
he combatted the Dahfs, who had
usurped local authority and power in
| defiance of the pasha of Belgrade.
fortunately, he won the afght, and the
tired Servians hailed him as a deliy-
erer and rallied around his banner;
and so great were his successes for
many years that in 1906 he surprised
the enemy in Belgrade land captured
that city. e1-,i
During all these3cyears of Kara
Georges struggle the history of Ser
via is one chaotic account of religions
doctrines, rites, ceremonies and HER
arch1al institutions; for through these
channels the political influences of the
different provinces and peoples were
directed
With the taking of Belgrade, Georges
influence waxed stronger, and he ap-
pointed himself lieutenant general
The vigor of the Ottoman power was
all directed toward the crushing of the
Servian peasant, and the next year the
star of fortune paled and his troops
lied from him as from the plague. The
remnant left We're impaled by the in
furiated Spahis of the sultan bent
upon avenging the defeats of years In
a day. --
Then obrenovitch Appears.
At this point Milosh Obrenoviteh APP
pears prominently on the political
tapls His youth was spent In herd
ing the famed swine of Servia: and
during the revolution was employed by
Kara Georg to watch the passes in the
balkans. He saw a favorable oppor-
tunity to advance himself from the
position of chteftain to that of chief,
so oVertures5 were made to the Turk
and offers to aid in the subiugation
or the people. He then. displayed sing
ular activity in destroying all the other
chiefs, but he suddenly conceived the
idea that the Turks were using him
only as mean to destroy him in the
end. In 1915 he as suddenly turned
against the Turk as to him, and the
following he raised was so strong and
the front he presented so formidable
that the Porte made haste to treat, and
M1losh made favorable terms for him
self and was made tribute collector.
But many Of the chiefs were anxious
TO light the matter out, and Kara in
order to give effect to their plans,
landed in Servia from where he had
long since fed. MiIosh pretended to
be friendly to Kara'sf designs, but Sec
Kara put to death by the governor
MiIosh Becomes Prince.
In 1917 Milosh was proclaimed
heredity prince of Servia by the
national assembly; and in 1880 the
autonomy Of Servia was solemnly rec
ognized by the Porte and Milosh pro-
claimed 1.-THE Father of the Father
land"
The reason given by present-day
historians as to why the descendants
or M1losh have until this revolution
re1gned over Servia and not those Of
Kara Georg, Is that every step in
Servian progress Is connected with the
Obrenovitch dynasty The liberation
OF the country, the creation of a peas
ant proprietary, the final withdrawal
Of the Turkish troops from Belgrade
In 1852, the independence Of the .ceun-
try, the extension of it's railways--all
these are the results of the Obreno-
witch rule.
Milosh was succeeded after a time by
his son, Milan, and upon the death of
Milan he was succeeded by Michael,
another son of Milosh. But Michael
was too gentle to reign over such a.
people, and after two years Of trouble
he fled.
GeorgeVitch Is Prince.
With Michaeps flight Alexander
Kara Georgevitch was elected prince
of Servia; and from 1912 to 1853 the
son Of Black George lived-he can
not be said to have reigned-in Bel
grade. Late in 1858 he fed the coun-
try and upon his abdication he was
succeeded by Milosh, well named the