The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1903-03-15


carry It on tho United States Government
would, OF course. be suspended.
While II may Be averrod that, for the
most part. the United States Government
u national, as regards the mode OF OPERA
ton Of It's powers. can the same adjective
be applied TO the srtsnt Of its powers4 II is,
OF course, this question which formed the
cause or the pretsxt Of the War OF the Re-
bellion. To what eytent IL the United
States Government the government OF .
national commonwealth clothed With truly
sovereign powersi let US hear Prof.
Woodburn on this point: The idea OF
national government without limit TO its
powers involves not only an authority
over the individual citisen, but an indeh-
mite supremacy over all persons and things.
so far as they are objects Of lawful govern
ment. Among a people consolidated into
one nation, this supremacy lie completely
vested In the M tionai legislature. We
have no such national government a. that"
Again In Q consolidated nation all local
authorities are subordinate to the supreme
authority, and may be controlled. directed
or abolished BY II at pleasure. In our
Federal State or Union, the local suthori.
ties form distinct and independent portions
OF the supremacy, no more subject within
their respective spheres to the general
authoritity than the general authority In
subject to them within ito own sphere. 1t
In the Constitution that defines these re-
spective spheres and limits or assigns the
powers 70 each. In this aspect our Gov
eminent cannot be said to be national
To q certain extent II can exercise govern
mental powers like any nation; on the
oth>r hand, TO q certain extent It cannot
exercise such power. but ~ to these pow
err 10 purely federal. Its governmental
soope or juridicston extends 70 certain
enumerated objects only I've disregard
for the moment implied powers and re-
sukina powers,. and leaves to the several
States a rssidusry mass Of powers over all
other objects.
To bring out this truth more clearly,
Prof. woodburn draws . distinction be-
tween sovereignty and supremacy, terms
which are frequently used in discussing
our form Of government. In certain
respects supremacy Ia allowed by the SOW
ereign power TO the United States Govern
ment In certain other respects this su-
prcmacy is allowed to the State Govern
ments. Sovereignty was not retained In
| the States, but q mass Of powers were
| allotted by the sovereign national people
to be sxsrcissd by the States. and. while
| this allotment continues. the States are
supreme a. to these powers.- We ere by
no means certain that there In not beg
| sinR OF the QUESTION In the sentenoe last
quoted was the Constitution framed
| At Philadslphis accepted by = sovereign
national people. or by the peoples Of .
numbsr Of States. each OF which vas re-
sardsd by ns inhabitants ~ 1pyereign
within its boundaries. except 90 lar a. Il
had delegated certain powers 10 tbs Con.
sress Of the Confedsrationf Lsss opsn
20 objasioa 10 the authors next s.ntenos:
Tbs sovereign power resides In the people
Of the United states orgaaissd into States ,
Thsss 10 no doub, thu, this sovereignty
| va elsrcised ia i7sT through tbs then
Confederate Congress and the STATE eon.
ysntions Ia tbs adoption ~ the Consiiiu-
ton. 4, may Ia sHsfci.sd Again, ,n amend
ing tho psessa, Constitution. 90 In making
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