davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The St. Louis Republic., 1903-10-18
miscellaneous.

GREEIEY COUNCIL MEETS THE SEC
10 0ni and fourth Wednesday evenings in
HAN No s Fr1tsrual building. Eleventh and
FRANKLIN avenue Next meeting October y
scar and refreshments always "A part OF our
meetings All members of the order fraterually
Invited at all times and cur own members
expecte4 Fraternally-
DAlS'L II. PFISTER. Archon-
Attest: II. II Jones. Scribe.
FRATERNITY supplies for an societies: flags
and banners Pars0u & Co.. 1919 Pine
The St. Louis Republic., 1903-10-18

HOSTING ENGINES.
lidgerWupl double crlirder InNi2 cable way
hoistiug and conveying Engine, with three tan
dem drums and steel geaTS-
, Eaton & Prince ks double cylinder hoist
Ing EnEines. with one or two drums 20 suit
Otis INlO elevator Engine. with drums 10
OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES MACHINE CO
Omaha daily bee., 1903-04-07

FOR SALE, cheap, complete 3-chair barber
shop outfit. I'm good condition. New York
Y-Ms2s
Omaha daily bee., 1903-04-07
OUR AID MEN WILL WRITE YOUR WANT AID
SO AS TO BRING BEST RETURNS.
TELEPHONE 239 AND ONE WILL CALL
BUSINESS CHANCES.

TO GET in or out OF business call on Will
liams, Room al, MoCague building.
Omaha daily bee., 1903-04-07
GOVERNMENT. NOTICE

PROPOSALS FOR INDIAN SUPPLIES
Department of the Interior, Office OF Indian
Sealed proposais, indorsed' SProposaIs 'fi FOR
beef, flour, ete, as the case may be, and
% fairs. Ss5.Ss7 = E south Canal street @ T chleaso, go
Ill, will be received until 1 O'clock p. M, of
Tuesday. April q. 1903. for furnishing for
coffee, sugar, rice, tea and other articles
of subsistence; also. for, boots and shoes,
sroGIsTetS SCaP baking poTydsr Grocksry
findings, saddiery. etc, hardware, school
miscellaneous articles. Sealed proposals,
indorsed Proposals for, blankets, woolen
and cotton goods, clothing, etc." as the
sioner Of Indian Affairs. Nos. l19-l21 Wooster
street. New York City, will be received
1903, s for furnishing Tor the indian service
blankets. wooden and cotton goods, clothing.
notions, hats and caps. Bids must be made
all necessary information for bidders will
be furnished on application to the Indian
ottice washingtt9}p1i 1st}1i d voi c. the y; B Indian
York city; 265-267 South Canal street, Chi
cage, Ill. SIS Howard street, Omaha. Neb.;
the Commissaries of Subsistence u. Is, A.,
at Cheyenne, Wyo., and st. Paul, MINI;
the Quartermaster .. s; A.. Seattle. Wash. I;
Portland, Spokane and Tacoma, and the
Manufacturers and PFoducere Association
Of san M SoSr ga dsys Bds VIII
stated, and bidders are invited to be present
at The opening. The Department reserves
the right to determine the point OF delivery
and TO reject any and all bids, or any part
OF any bid. w. A. JONES. Commissioner.
Az dist
OFFICE CONSTRUCTING QUARTER
master Cheyenne, Wyo., March 3lst, 1907
eeived Il This ONCE until 2 O'clock p. M,
mountain time, May LIST, 1908, and then
labor necessary for the construction of
about $50 feet of six-inch sewer at Fort d.
A. Russell wyo.. Full information. blank
forms plans and specifications furnished
on application to this once; also TO the
ONCE OF the Chief Quartermaster, Chicago,
St Paul. Omaha, Fort Riley, Kan, and
10 accept or reject any or ali Bids or any
part thereof. Envelopes containing bids to
be endorsed Proposal for Sewer System
t Eo5t to p CAPTAIN w. seo aa sa
ing 9uaF''FmA''''' 0A'''9R1si %1is-WSRs.as-soM Wys
OFFICE CONSTRUCTING QUARTER
master. Cheyenne, Wyog April 3. 1905
Sealed proposals, in trip1icate, will be re-
ceivsd Al this once until z O'clock ,. m,
opened, for furnishing all Hlaterial. ma
chinery, tools and labor necessary for sink
ing at least two 90 and not exceeding six
Sell. wyoming Specifications, Instructors
10 bidders and blank forms or proposal fur
nished on application TO this once; also to
cago, Omaha, st. Paul and Denver United
states reserves the right TO reject any or
all bids or any part thereof. Envelopes
containing bids to be endorsed Proposal
Wyo,," ana addressed to Captain w. 5.
shHS. s wyO. ~As-s-i-S-s-soH
Omaha daily bee., 1903-04-07
BUSINESS CHANCES.
A HOTEL FOR SALE
OR EXCHANGE.

MODERN 2-story frame. 40, rooms, lot s2x
16O, improvements, good condition. To-
Gated southwestern Iowa, thriving town;
leased at 500 per month, reliable tenant
What have you for thls7 J. II. Johnson,
N. Y. Life. Y-M3S0
Omaha daily bee., 1903-04-07

wANTED-sITUATTO
WANTED, situation as housekeeper for
widower's family. Address 81, care The
Bee, Council Bluffs A-MS1S
wANrrp-MA,E HELP.
Omaha daily bee., 1903-04-07
wANrnp-FEMALE HELF.

WANTED. a competent girl for general
houHework Mrs. A. B. Jaquith, 9i1
Spencer. C-sN II
Omaha daily bee., 1903-04-07
IMPLEMENT STOCK

THE Todd q sloane Co. OF 3 Madison 81,
Memphis, Tenn, call attention 70 their
information on the Memphis races. This
for others. Why not for you? Write for
their pamphlet II tells how. Free.
Y-Mbs6 -
Omaha daily bee., 1903-04-07
personal.
Don't Swear

Because you can't find a MATCH you don't
need It II you have one of our seif-hght-
ing mantles. Nebraska-Iowa Auto Lighter
Co, 1O6 8. 18th st. Tel. lelI. U-MsI5 .
Omaha daily bee., 1903-04-07

SoS 90 pEoat on weber pianos. Psraeld
-ts2
Omaha daily bee., 1903-04-07
NOTICES

Advertisements for these coIumas
VIII be taecn uatf1 ~ m. for the
eySnihg edition ana untiI $50 =. ~.
~ unorntng and Sunday edition.
atea, I 1-2c = word hrHt tHssrtfsn,
lee word thereafter. Nothing taken
fer less than 2Sc for the nfst tnser-
don. These advertisements must BE
run consecutiVely.
Advertisers, by reauesttng = nums
eered check, oan have answers sd
dressed - n numbered letter I'm care
81 The Rec. Answers 40 addrensed will
be delivered sn pEesentatton - tie
sAeok only.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1903-06-29
PERSONAL POINTS.
+ + {. ! + + + /. + + + 80 + + 1

Mr.. Geo. Robinson is in the city
as the guest Of his brother.
Capt. NJ w Ware was in the city
Saturday and Sunday on his way home
from Little Rock
tIr. and Mrs. j. B. Simon left to-
DAY for Little Rock to attend the
Burger Blass wedding.
-II. and Mrs. Sam katzenstein leave
tomorrow morning for Little Rock, to
attend the Burgei-Blass wedding.
Miss Teresa Duncan and Miss
Hughetta, of Tullar, are the guests
of Judge and Mrs. w. T. Woodbridge.
Mrs. Drew White, of Pine Bluff, and
Mrs. George NJ Hardy, of Ruston, La,
lave been in the city several days on
q visit to their father, Major E. s..
Greening, and family.-Camden Bea-
Mr.. Jake Katzenstein, of Shreve-
port, La. formerly of Pine Bluff, is
in the city visiting relatives and call
ing on old friends. He is still mem
Der of the Katzenstein shoe firm,
Main st. eet.
Mrs. Matte Edwards left last weeh
for Pine Bluff, where she will spend
the summer with her relatives, Mr..
and Mrs. E. E. Bordeaux. She was
accompanied as far as Dermott by her
sister, Mis-. Jennie Thomas.
loman.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1903-06-29
Firex Lcsscn at Sea.

kdn!ra! Jouctt says that when he
1~st Went to sea as cadet ae at
executive officer who received him
sher ne wer- on board. Tae officer,
,ne Of the strictest dtscip,inarians In
he service. met his advances in this
mid fashion: Silence. sir Who
.ave sou permission to speak? Let
ne lear Only six words from you sir,
s.hile you are or this ship: Port,
stsT board. yes. sir. and nc. sir"
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1903-06-29
EiGjR!NG UP HIS AGE.
Boy Certainly Fla, il Him the Making
of Lswyer.

Boy Certainly Fla, il Kim the Making
of Ls3Wyer.
The y2ady VT 0l q lad secured him
a position as an c.F.ce boy with Park
Row law firm the other dav, says the
New York Times. over score {.
toys had answered the advertisement
and waited in the outer Office to be
examined as to thei, fitness.
"All WHO are under ten years ard
over twelve may 60" said the lawyer,
hoping to reduce the number of appll.
cants, but not one stirred.
He then called to him boy who
appeared scarcely more than ten and
read his recommendation"
Why. this says you are only ten
said the lawyer.
"But it doesn't count the months,
STR responded the lad. Il am ten
years and two months, sir. ard tea sad
two make twelve"
There was Just a CLEAN or .oguish.
ness in the boys blue eyes as hs
looked the lawyer full in the face.
Il guess you'll CO.. said the man.
you've got the maliin.' Of 4 lawyer II
yov."
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1903-06-29
GIRL WAS NOT WORTH THE MONEY.
Countryman Couldn't Stand for . Mar
Rage Fee IT W.

Countryman Couldn't Stand for . Mar
Rage Fee 1T $2.
Magistrate Ed Meglem:y's Office was
the scene of the death of country
romance yesterday afternoon. A tall.
gaunt countryman and blushing girl
entered the magistrates Office about 3
o'clock Both We're hashful. and the
magistrate guessed their mission at
the first glance. The couple sat down
near the stove. The mans trousers
Yached half way down to his loot
tops, and the bGo,s Wee =l.ncG for the
occasion. The gir, wore a new dress
made of blue gingram. For a lons
time there was silence. The magis
trate did not look up. :.ad it was sev-
e1al minutes before the coGatrynaan
spoke.
Squire, We wants to git married."
he finally b!urted out. The girl gig
gled
81 guessed as much. answered H.
magistrate. DO you Want the cere
Elony performed at an'e??''
We'll, squire, tina. depends. How
much is it going to cost?
The magistrate said that his price
was 81, and that he did no cCt-rate
business.
The country7nan rubbed his chin,
and said nothing. Finally he turned
to the girl.
what do you think of it," he
qEeried.
The girls anger had been S. 'adily
rising.
why, ray it, Of coarse she said;
"ain't I worth it,"
Nat to me- Was the countryman's
answer and a2atn his hand sought his
chin. and he stood 'coking at the girl.
We'll. there is them eaat thinks I'm
" .rth that much" she said, and there
has rot the sign of a culver about
her lip.
4 minute later she left the magis-
trate's Office.
Z certainly wi have liked to
marry her" said tha countryman to
the nagistrate. "'Cause she's got
spunk.' and the couHtrylnan left
louisville Courier-Journal
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1903-06-29
PINE BLUFF NOT ONLY CITY.
IN Cotton States League Having Sen.
sations Over Sunday Ball.

Pine Bluff appears not to be the
only city in the Cotton States league
j. which there has been a little SEN
sational exciIement over Sunday ball
playing. II seems unat on week
ago YESTERDAY i me blun and Natchez
played at -,atchez, and that an at.
tempt was made to punish the play
efs which was a failure. The Natchez
Democrat says:
A new complaint made by the
antl-Sunday baseball people is that on
last Sunday evening affidavits charg-
ing violation of section 1898 of the
Code of 1892, which makes Sunday
baseball playing misdemeanor, had
not been served These affidavits
were made before Squire Bisland Nc
Caleb of the Pine Ridge district and
were handed to Sheriff Howe Sunday
night at $50 o'clock with the request
TO serve them on the players of the
NatcheZ and Pine Bluff clubs. But
it SO happened that similar affidavits
mad beaa made out before Squire
Evans and they We're served on the
players at the park. AS the sheriff
was on his way to serve the papers
he had against the ball tossers, he
was informed that the men had been
arrested and placed under bond for
their appearance before ST
Evans. With this assurance Sheriff
Howe returned to his home Now
comes the complaint that he refused
to serve the afidavits.
Another interesting development in
this matter is the fact that the affi-
davits CT Writs for the arrest of the
players had not been placed in the
hands Of Squire McCaleb's constable
for execution, but had been sent from
the squire's of5ce direct to the sheriff.
The Co5,e cf 7S92 contains a section
which bears en this case. The sec
tion in question beins No. 24o2. which
provides that ,tae sheriff of any
county. and his deputies. shall exc
cute an. process directed to him by
any justice Of the peace, but process
shall not he directed to the sheriff if
there be a constable in the district
duly qualified to act. unless there be,
in the opinion 0f the justice of the
peace. good reason therefor.
Section 24o3 of the code of 1892
provides that ia cases Of ene. gency,
the justice may appoint some reputa-
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1903-06-29
tust.1e IN New York.

@2:e time ago New York magis-
e Committed girl to the state re-
J ,-a.tory for "disorderly conduct"
sstice Gayncr has released the prls.
..er. holding that "disorderly con.
pct' is too vague an oeense to war
s1.t depriviEg a person CT his or her
herty. He declares that this conviction
appears to have been without any
Whence, thing which appears to oc
IL very often in this city, as incredi
.ie as it may SEEM
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1903-06-29
A Brother Without Ambition.

Oar you is, in de common, County
chain eaag," said Brother Dickey to
backsliding member OF his flock. Oar
you is, worllin' side by side wid de
Ign 'Nlt en- oneddicated. Wen you
might er sot you stakes fer de Ma
tional Fed rul Prison Of de Guvo mint
you raise en- BON under. You amt got
TO mo ambitir a elephant or
g oyster! "A 4stitutiOn.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1903-06-29

AS next Saturday July 4. is legal
holiday, we would request cur patrons
to let us have their laundry in time
to return it to them not later than
Friday. as the laundry will be closed
Saturday il order to give the EN-
ployes holiday.
AMERICAN EXCELSIOR LAUNDRY
COMPANY.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1903-06-29
e.rican League.

Cleveland 50, Washington 0-5.
Boston 6, St. Louis 0.
Chicago I, New York 4.
DeJroit ;. Philadelphia |.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1903-06-29

A cloudburst over Topeka, Kas.,
caused a small tlOcd, which made it
necessary fer many residents in the
south part Of town to flee for their
lives. The Kaw river also is rising.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1903-06-29
American Association.

Indianapolis 6. Toledo 2.
Indianapolis 8, Toledo 2.
Louisville 10. Columbus 3.
Milwaukee 7. St. Paul s.
Kansas City Z, Minneapolis II.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1903-06-29
LEAGUE OFFICERS
CONTINUED from page u.

be called at 2;3O p. m. The two
games are played so that the Natchez
team may have ample time to return
nome to meet its date with Green
'iile. Only one admission for the
TWO games.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1903-06-29
SATURDAY GAMES.
Southern LEAGUE.

Little Rock /, New Orleans 2.
Shrevepoz t :, Memphis 0.
Atlanta 4. Nashville 2.
montgomery =. Birmingham l.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1903-06-29
National LEAGUE.

New York ,. Pitts burg 4.
Cincinnati 5. Brooklyn 2.
ST. Louis /, Philadelphia 4.
Boston 81. Chicago II.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1903-06-29

Deputy Marshal Hall was shot down
oy Everett Baity, whom he was trying
10 arrest at Olive Hill, Ky. Baity was
then killed by Sheriff White.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1903-06-29

Good condition Of Choctaw road
bed shown by a train which made
mile a minute recently.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1903-06-29
NOTICE..

Notice is hereby gwen to all of
our customers ard friends, that We
have this day So Our entire stock
Of fu1 niture and household goods, to-
get.ier with all the book and lease ac-
counts belonging to US, to Mr.. K. A.
Ware, who is authorized TO collect
all Of said accounts.
w. S. BEARD FURNITURE co.
]. H. ATKINS.
HOUSE FURNISHING CO.
Pine Bluff, Ark, June 20, 1908.
234
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1903-06-29

WANTED-A good fre-proof safe
Prefer one OF good size. Apply to V
O. Alexander or A. Brewster. 23C
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1903-06-29

Furnish Cd room for rent. with hat,
privilege, at 1909 West Fifth. 80
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1903-06-29

FOR SALE-One ladies' .an-aJout
driving horse, cheap. Apply at 1214
E. Sixth avenue. 231
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1903-06-29

FOR SALE-Good milk COWS. Ad-
dress H. w Deal, Faith, Ark. twelve
miles southwest Of Pine Bluff jul {
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1903-06-29
{ heap c: e!gn!!' :?:!.:!:!!'
ADVERTISE YOUR WANTS.

FOR SALE-New Everett piano. Cost
s33oo5 WiN sell fos $50 cash. Alt
schul's confectionery. II
FOR SALE-Good milk COWS. Ad-
dress H. w Deal, Faith. Ark. twelve
mics southwest Of Pine Bluff. jul
Furnished room for rent. with hat
privilege, at 1909 West Fifth 90
WANTED-A good fre-proof safe.
! Prefer one OF good size. Apply to V.
O. Alexander or A. Brewster. 230
FOR SALE-One ladies' ,aa-aRoUt
driving horse, cheap. Apply at t2lA
E. Sixth avenue. 231
LOST-On Walnut street, between
End and 5th avenue, black vest
pocket expense book. Finder return
to D. w. Richey, 81 West 5th ave
nue and receive reward 234
WAETED-Two or three neat
rooms for light housekeeping by young
man and mother. Z. J. w, care Graph
ic 232
/ FOR SALE-Eine jersey bal, 80
months old. Call on or address J. ].
Merriek, 2006 E. Barraque. 223
! MANAGER WANTED-1 trustworthy
! lady o. gentleman to manage business
in this county and adjoining territory
i fer we'll and favorably known II ~"
Of solid financial standing; $4,000
straight cash salary and expenses,
paid each Monday by check direct
from headquarters. Expense money
advanced; position permanent. Ad-
dress Thomas Cooper, Manager, 1890
Caxton Building, Chicago. 24S
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1903-06-29

WAETED-Two or three neat
rooms for light housekeeping by young
man and mother. Z. J. w, care Graph
ic. 232
The Montgomery advertiser., 1903-05-15
JoHNsoN V. THE STATE.

Prosecution for Assault and Battery
 Appeal from the County Court of Nor
 gan.
 1. Assault and battery; when seif-de- Tense can not be invoked; proof of threats. --In a prosecution for an assault end bat ferE. where the evidence shows that tho prosecutor had his back turned to him, Inc defendant can not invoke the doctrine of self-defense, nor can he prove previous threats made by the prosecutor against him.
 2. Same; admissibility of abusive ian- xuage.-In a prosecution for an assault and battery, if the defendant was the first to make use of opprobrious words or abusive language, he can not invoke the protection which the statute allows de- Pendant who is prosecuted for an assault probrious words or abusive language made by the person assaulted or beaten ct or near the time of the assault" Code, Sec 4345) and yet, if the defendant struck the prosecutor in influence of passion en- gendered by insulting language, he not having said or done anything calculated to cause the prosecutor to use such ian- guage to him. the jury is authorized un- der said statute to justify or extenuate his act In assaulting or beating the pros- ecutor.
 8. Assault and battery; charge of court to 1ury.-In a prosecution for an assault and battery, a charge which instructs the jury that If the defendant did nothing more than was necessary to protect him. self against the assault" by the prosecu- tor, if he made the assault you must find the defendant mot guilty unless he brought on the difficulty" is erroneous
The Montgomery advertiser., 1903-05-15

house doorway with a bullet through his back and another through his head, his body lay for ten minutes before anybody ventured to touch 1t. Nor has anybody yet dared to name the murderer, although there Is believed to be no mystery about his identity.
 Almost at the same time, by the shoot ing of Sid Baker from an ambush equal ly secure, fresh fuel Is added to the Bak- er-Howard feud of bloody fame.
 And this skulkinR, cowardly assassi- nation Is the last word of that 'chivalry that deifies revenge and links honor with murder! When Daniel Boone invaded the dark and bloody ground he found cruel and treacherous savages there, but none that could not have given lessons in man. illness, decency and civilization to some of the white Indians that have succeeded them"
 We have no doubt that Breathitt County has it's share of honorable men and yir- tuous women-quite as large a proportion as New York City. It Is located in the mountainous region of Eastern Kentucky, ana IS perhaps less plentifully supplied with money and so-called culture than the great metropolis. We venture to as- aert. however, that even the most en- frightened hillsman in the County does not know how to wreck a railroad, or betray financial trust, or squeeze the life out of a helpless debtor. or send poisoned candy to an enemy, or break las promise to d friend. It is safe 10 say that the very meanest Of them would not make his wife. or daughter, or sister the basis os a suit for damages. But in Breathitt County. as in the most civilized of our cities. there are all sorts and conditions of men-good. bad and indifferent, wick ed. savage, upright and honest. There are righteous gentlemen and bloody, treacherous and cruel savages. So there are In New York, if we may believe The Worlds publications. Men, and women. too. are killed from ambush in both lo- calities. and as we read the daily chron- icle of crime, the cultured and superior East contributes chapters of such in- fanny as were never dreamed of In the Southern mountains.
 We do not seek to condone the assas- sinatlon of Marcum or to gloss over any of the frightful tragedies of which Ken lucky has so often been the theater. Any thing but that. What we propose is to protest against the New York sheer at Southern ''chivalry'' whenever some fiend in human form happens to commit a murder. A rufflan and cut-throat, a cow New York that he is in Eastern Kentucky the only difference being that the noun taineer has had infinitely less advantage of education, environment and improving opportunity. It would be a base injustice to charge against the civilization of New York the scandals, the vices the crimes and the enormities of those who live there. It is a still baser and falser libel to charge against the civilization of Ken lawless brigands.
 These sneers at Southern chivalry speak very poorly for those who see fit to in- dulge them. They suggest to our mind the thought that the sneers do not know the meaning of the word.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1903-05-15
THROUGH BRIDGE
C., 0. & c. TRAIN PRDCIPITATED
 INTO GREEK.
Fireman Killed, Engineer Fatally Hurt and Many Other Persons Receive Injuries-Hsavy
 Rains Cause It.

Hot Springs, Ark, May M.-The out bound passenger train on the Choctaw. Oklahoma and Gulf Railroad, which left here at o'clock this morning, jumped the track on a fifteen foot cmbankment about a mile east of this city today, wrecking all of the cars except the Pull man sleeper and carrying an iron bridge down into Gulpha Greek. One man was killed and at least twenty other persons were injured, one fatally and several oth- CTS seriously.
 The dead-Joseph Riley. fireman, Hot Springs.
 Tnjured-John Ryan, engineer. Hot Springs, fatally; Newton Holt. lawyer. Hot Springs, dangerously hurt; Conduc- tor W. J. Weir, Hot Springs. seriously; w. l.. Hendricks, brakeman, Hot Springs, seriously; Will Marmel, Pullman porter. Little Rock. seriously; Jack Archer, dep- uty Sheriff, Hot Springs, dangerously: Mrs. T. F. Cooney, Indian Territory. se- riously.
 There were at least a dozen more or less slightly hurt. Several delegates to the State Convention of the Junior Order of American Mechanics were passengers and many of them sustained injuries.
 Engineer Ryan, who is in a critical con- dition, stated tonight that the wreck was caused by the tender jumping the track on the approach to the iron bridge. Two coaches followed the tender and careen- ing, crashed into the bridge, tearing 1t from its abutments. All the coaches. together with the bridge. were precipi- tated into the stream below. The Pull man sleeper did not leave the track.
 Two physicians were aboard and ad- ministered to the needs of the injured, who were later brought to Hot Springs.
 It is said the accident was caused by the recent heavy rains having loosened the embankment. causing the rails to spread.