davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Las Vegas daily optic. [volume] (Las Vegas, N.M.) 1880-1908, 1903-04-10
Guests Of the Victoria Hotel Ar
oused on Account Of
Contiguous Fire.
NORTHERN SECURITY APPEAL
Strike in Rome and Amsterdam
Off-Russian Consul
is Dead.
IMPORTANT STRIKE DECISION

NEW YORK, April 1O.-Three
hundred guests Of the Victoria ho-
tel were routed from bed today by
smoke from nearby fire, and all the
other occupants of the buildings in
the block bounded by Twenty-sixth
and Twenty-seventh streets, Broad
way and Fifth avenue, were fright
ened. In an apartment house at Twen-
ty-sixth street and Fifth avenue, there
was great excitement, partly due to
another fire scare there recently, and
the tenants rushed for the elevators.
In the Victoria hotel annex were
many actors and actresses who crowd
ed out OF the fire escapes until as
sured there was no danger and in 9TH
er buildings women were carried
down through smoke to safety. The
fire was in the building on Fifth av-
enue between Twenty-sixth and
Twenty-seventh streets, used as a
storage warehouse for paintings and
antiques and the damage is estimat-
ed at 100000. One of the smoke
routed tenants in the apartment
building was Captain E. r. Zalinski,
inventor of the dynamite gun. He is
a cripple and in spite of his objec-
tions in order to save valuable pa
pers, a fireman picked him up and
carried him to the street. In the
Victoria Chas. A. Towne, ex-senator
from Minnesota; Tony Pastor and
Pete DAILY, the comedian, and his
wife, were among those forced to
seek safety. a
Las Vegas daily optic. [volume] (Las Vegas, N.M.) 1880-1908, 1903-04-10
ZAZA.

'sThe first act is little breezy, It's
true, but the play has good lesson
of which the pulpit cannot present
with such realism"
Thus did the Rev. Barton O. Ayles-
worth comment on "zaza," as inter
pretated by Miss Florence Roberts
and company at the Broadway thea
ter last night. He was an interested
speaker at the theater Tuesday even
ing, says the Denver Times.
Il saw Mrs. Leslie Carter in 'Zaza,
he continued, 'but think Miss Rob-
erts gives q better atmosphere to the
part, and thereby enhances the les
son in morals. like her better than
Mrs. Carter.
Coming, Tuesday evening, at the
Duncan.
Las Vegas daily optic. [volume] (Las Vegas, N.M.) 1880-1908, 1903-04-10
LAS VEGAS BOY KILLED
6Y EXPLOSION IN IOWA

PENSACOLA, Fla, April 10.-In-
vestigation Of the explosionon on the bat
tleship Iowa, yesterday afternoon, re-
sulting in the death of three seamen
and the serious injury of five others,
shows the accident was entirely caus-
ed by a defective fuse, which, it is
stated, burned faster than was calcu-
lated. 1t is understood the shell ex-
ploded fully sixty seconds before it
was timed to go of. An examination
of the ship today shows the gun is
beyond repair and the forward turret
will have to be repaired.
(Among the killed were Gunner's
mate, E. l.. Berry, a son of Mrs. Hat
tie Wilson, housekeeper at the r. E.
Twitchell home in this city. The
young man was only eighteen years
old.)
Las Vegas daily optic. [volume] (Las Vegas, N.M.) 1880-1908, 1903-04-10
ADDITIONAL PERSONAL.

F. C. Coe, a brother of Charles Coe'
rs an arrival in the city and may In
terest himself in business with his
brother on Sixth street.
Joseph McCreery, q wealthy busi-
ness man of Pittsburg. Pa, passed
through the city this afternoon on his
way Home from trip to Mexico.
Clarence French. an employe OF the
Gross, Kelly & Co. house at Belen'
passed through the city yesterday al
ternuon, on his way to his home IN
Ashtabula, O., where his mother IS
very Ill.
Edward Grunsfield, the Southwest
ern manager of the Equitable i1fe'
was shaking hands with his Las We
gas friends today. He returned to the
Springs this afternoon, where he Is
taking the baths for rheumatism.
Las Vegas daily optic. [volume] (Las Vegas, N.M.) 1880-1908, 1903-04-10
REvOLUTIONiSTS REPULSE
hAYTiAfl PRESIDENTS FORCES

PORT AU PRINCE. Hayti. April TO-
-Advices received here from San Do
mingo City say that another engage
ment between the government forceS
besieging San Domingo and the revo-
lutionists who are in possession of
that city took place April 5th. The
troops of President Vasquez attacked
the revolutionists and were repulsed
after severe fighting. during which
many were killed or wounded on both
sides. The American. German, Italian
and Dutch warships landed marines
Las Vegas daily optic. [volume] (Las Vegas, N.M.) 1880-1908, 1903-04-10
NORTHERN SECURITIES
CASE TO BE APPEALED.

WASHINGTON, D. c., April TO-
Department of justice officials, while
having no authoritative information
on the subject. have little doubt that
an appeal in the Northern Securities
case VIII ne LaKen TO tue suprrxav
court very soon. Under the law the
defendants are allowed sixty days in
which to appeal, but in view of the
fact that counsel for the Securities
company have all along worked in
harmony with the government in ex-
pediting the disposition of the case,
Las Vegas daily optic. [volume] (Las Vegas, N.M.) 1880-1908, 1903-04-10
ENGINE DlTCHED BY RAIL
SPREADING-THR KILLED

NEW YORK, N. j., April 10.-'1w-
ing to the spread of the rails an
engine on the Central railroad OF New
Jersey left the track and plunged down
20 foot embankment into pGad
The engineer and the fireman were bur-
led under the engine. The brakeman
was taken out alive, but diedsoon after
he had been taken to the hospital
The dead are A. Rogart, engineer;
Brooks, fireman; King, brakeman. All
the victims were married and nad
families.
Las Vegas daily optic. [volume] (Las Vegas, N.M.) 1880-1908, 1903-04-10

A number OF young men or the
city are organizing dancing club,
which will hold regular meetings. a
business meeting for the purpose OF
organization and receiving applica-
Hons Tor membership will be held at
the X. OF p. hall on the evening OF
April 20. Already forty Of the young
men Of the city have signified an In
tention Of joining
Las Vegas daily optic. [volume] (Las Vegas, N.M.) 1880-1908, 1903-04-10
IMPORTANT DECISION
AFFECTING LABOR STRIKES

NEW YORK, April 1Q.-One of
the most important legal decisions
ever announced in the state on the
question Of the right of a labor union
to order a strike has just been hauded
down by the appellate division of the
supreme court. In effect it holds that
a labor union has right to order
men to quit work where they receive
wages demanded by organization and
where there is not an attempt to en-
ploy non-unionists, but where the only
question is the rufusal of the employ
er to recognize union or its represen-
tatives.
Las Vegas daily optic. [volume] (Las Vegas, N.M.) 1880-1908, 1903-04-10
One Hundred Moros Killed In
Fight With American
F0rcSS.
A TORNADO VISITS KANSAS
Baking Powder Scandal Investl-
Gati0n-HaytIon Presi
dent RepuIsed.
EVE INJURED IN CHICAGO RIOT

MANILA, April 10.-Captain Per-
shing's force captured Moros and
wounded many others. Three Ameri-
cans were wounded. Pershing's force,
consisting of Shaw's battalion of the
Twenty-seventh infantry, Kilpatricks
troop of the Fifteenth cavalry and
Chacuair's battery. Pershing was sur
veying the west shore lands when the
Bacolodians opposed his advance AM
provoked the fight. Pershing's force
surrounded and attacked the strong
hold first, shelling them and rushing
his troops forward, charging gallant
ly. After crossing a deep moat and
entering the fort, the An aricans en-
gagged the Moros, bayonets against
krisses- A <1undred of the defenders
were killed. including the Datto of
Panandungan and many were wound
ed. Only three Americans were
wounded. After the capture of the
the capture of the fort it was de-
stroyed. The Basoled leaders and the
majority OF the people Of that dis
trict had been hostile to the Ameri-
cans and encouraged attacks on Amer
ican camps. They rejected the tenders
of friendship. 1t is expected that the
defeat of the Bacoldonians will result
in all the Moros acknowledging Amer
ican sovereignty. Pershings column is
going to Parahue, which IS also hos
tile. a.N 'x.:S
Las Vegas daily optic. [volume] (Las Vegas, N.M.) 1880-1908, 1903-04-10
POLICE OFFICER AND FOUR
ITALIANS INJURED IN RIOT


CHICAGO, ILL.,, April 1O.-Lieut.
Maurice Moore of the Twenty-second
street police station and four Italians
were wounded by revolver shots in
riot at an early hour today. The in
jured are:
Lieut.. Maurice Moore, shot in right
arm.
Frank Winch, 25 years old, shot in
leg, five knife wounds in back, and
head crushed; taken to ST. Lukes
hospital; may die.
Salvan Barber ~ years old, shot
in left leg, taken 20 hospital serio1s.
Frank Bronebazen, 81 years old,
shot in right leg, taken to count
-.cSpital; serious.
Frank Boone, arm fractured by bull
let; taken TO st. Luke's; serious.
The trouble started in SALOON over
the st election argument. More than
O d. zen (. ests were made.
Las Vegas daily optic. [volume] (Las Vegas, N.M.) 1880-1908, 1903-04-10
REPAIRING OF HYMELlA
LEvEE CONSIDERED HOPELESS

NEW ORLEANS, La, April 10
The ends of the broken cribbing at
Hymelia have been fastened and there
is hope that they may be held for
while, though a further attempt
to close the crevasse is considered
hopeless. The water back of the lsvee
falling. Today for the first time In
many days it went under 20 ieet,
registering 1919 according to the
government report.
Las Vegas daily optic. [volume] (Las Vegas, N.M.) 1880-1908, 1903-04-10

Flower festivals are held in Cali
fornia during April and May. Take
the Santa Fe through tourist cars.
Colonist rates April 1st to June 18th,
1909. 94-tf
Las Vegas daily optic. [volume] (Las Vegas, N.M.) 1880-1908, 1903-04-10
ADDITIONAL LOCAL

The last will and testament of Jose
Atanacio Archuleta was filed and the
day for probating it was set for May
z. The testator will he remembered
as the old gentleman who died at Ro-
ciada some time ago at the remark
able age Of 102 years.
Las Vegas daily optic. [volume] (Las Vegas, N.M.) 1880-1908, 1903-04-10

- = TE'a~ RI hiI-
reua yesterday reported a maximum
of 70 a minimum of 40
and a mean of Sc. There was a
precipitation of .26 of an inch. The
weather is marked fair for today,
which is strictly veracious, and fair
weather is promised for tomorrow.
Las Vegas daily optic. [volume] (Las Vegas, N.M.) 1880-1908, 1903-04-10
PRESIDENT LOST TO THE
WORLD IN YELLOWSTONE

CINNABAR, Mont, April le.-No
word received from President Roose-
yelt this morning. Secretary Loeb and
Assistant Secretary Barnes left early
for a trip to Mammouth Springs and
will not return till late this evening.
Las Vegas daily optic. [volume] (Las Vegas, N.M.) 1880-1908, 1903-04-10

The Santa Fe will have colonist
tickets to California on sale April 1st
to June 18th inclusive, at rate of $25.
1t will pay to wait for our rates. Ser
vice unsurpassed 94-tf
Las Vegas daily optic. [volume] (Las Vegas, N.M.) 1880-1908, 1903-04-10

Get rid of that old cook stove and
install one of those Superior bridge
Beach, ranges. Best stoves made. F.
J. Gehring's. 129-3t
Las Vegas daily optic. [volume] (Las Vegas, N.M.) 1880-1908, 1903-04-10

It Is not only economy to have your
own note heads, letter heads and en-.
velupes, but it L. more business-like
and much handler. Order them from
this Off1ce. lott
Las Vegas daily optic. [volume] (Las Vegas, N.M.) 1880-1908, 1903-04-10

Mrs. Hollenwagner now las IN lles'
spring line of samples for ladies.
Smart tailor suits, skirts, waists and
wraps, representing such famous city
houses as the Standard, the Perfec-
tion, the Marion Albert and others.
121-tf
Las Vegas daily optic. [volume] (Las Vegas, N.M.) 1880-1908, 1903-04-10

The City Steam laundry guarantees
beautiful finish to all work. Phones.
Colorado SO, Vegas l56. 1922 National
street 77-tf
Las Vegas daily optic. [volume] (Las Vegas, N.M.) 1880-1908, 1903-04-10

April is one of the best months in
the year to visit California. Wait for
colonist rates to California points via
the Santa Fe April 1st to June 18th,
1903. 94-tf
Las Vegas daily optic. [volume] (Las Vegas, N.M.) 1880-1908, 1903-04-10

prevented the members of the de-
fence committee from securing
hearing. With the exception of the
diamond cutters all the men will re
main out.
Las Vegas daily optic. [volume] (Las Vegas, N.M.) 1880-1908, 1903-04-10

The Santa Fe will run personally
conducted excursions to California tri-
weekly during colonist period, April
1st to June 10Th, 1903. S4-u
Las Vegas daily optic. [volume] (Las Vegas, N.M.) 1880-1908, 1903-04-10
INVESTIGATING BAKING
POWDER SCANDAL

ST. LOUIS, April 10.-The grand
jury investigation of the alleged
boodling in connection with the bak-
ing powder legislation in the Missouri
general assembly, was resumed today
and a number of witnesses were ex-
amined. Among them were several
state senators BY long distance tel
ephone. Chief of Police Kelley talk
ed with Inspector of Detective George
McCloskey OF New York, today, and
obtained from him a promise that he
would try to arrest Daniel j. Kelley,
charged with sending a $1,000 check
to Lieut.. Gov. Lee.
Las Vegas daily optic. [volume] (Las Vegas, N.M.) 1880-1908, 1903-04-10
MAYOR LOW OFFERED
FRENCH AMBASSADORS

NEW YORK. April 10.-President
Roosevelt, according to reports here,
has offered Mayor Low, the post of
limited States ambassoaor 80 E,ranon.
should the mayer refuse TO acceptare-
nomination. ,i5
Las Vegas daily optic. [volume] (Las Vegas, N.M.) 1880-1908, 1903-04-10

NEW YORK, April 1O.-President
J. J. Hill, of the Northern Securities
Co. was at his office today, calling
later on j. p. Morgan. Mr.. Hill made
quite q stay at Mr.. Morgan's Office,
where he conferred with several mem
bers OF the firm. None of those inter
ested would comment on yesterdays
decision Of the United States circuit
court,
Las Vegas daily optic. [volume] (Las Vegas, N.M.) 1880-1908, 1903-04-10

Pittenger has fine line Of 1903 wall
paper. 79-tf
Las Vegas daily optic. [volume] (Las Vegas, N.M.) 1880-1908, 1903-04-10

If you wish to borrow money it
viii pey you q asxsef1s-- a1In1Is
of the Aetna Building association In
quire of Geo. H. Hunker, Sec. 129-tf
Las Vegas daily optic. [volume] (Las Vegas, N.M.) 1880-1908, 1903-04-10
ALTAMONT, KANSAS,
DESTROYED 6Y TORNADO

KANSAS CITY, April 10-A spec
ial from Parsons, Kans., says: 1T is
reported here today that the village
Of Altamont, five miles west Of here,
was almost destroyed by the tornado
taas struck that part of the state last
night. All wires are down and COM
munication is cut off,"
Las Vegas daily optic. [volume] (Las Vegas, N.M.) 1880-1908, 1903-04-10

The Las Vegas Light & Fuel Co.
are now prepared to furnish Willow
Creek coal at $3.50 per ton delivered,
or $3.50 by the car. 127-tf
Las Vegas daily optic. [volume] (Las Vegas, N.M.) 1880-1908, 1903-04-10

This Office. is in receipt of some
very handsome new job type, the
very latest, and having the best job
force in the country is better prepar-
ed than ever to turn out the very
highest quality of work obtainable. #
Las Vegas daily optic. [volume] (Las Vegas, N.M.) 1880-1908, 1903-04-10

Cut rates on all grades of photo
graphs at Ragan's studio. l3O-ot
Las Vegas daily optic. [volume] (Las Vegas, N.M.) 1880-1908, 1903-04-10

Pitteng5r is closing out last years
reduced prices. 79-tf
Las Vegas daily optic. [volume] (Las Vegas, N.M.) 1880-1908, 1903-04-10

WASHINGTON, April 10.-On the
best of authority it is positively de-
MED here that the name of Mayor
Seth Allow, of New York, has ever
been considered in connection with
the American embassy at Paris.
Las Vegas daily optic. [volume] (Las Vegas, N.M.) 1880-1908, 1903-04-10
Strawberries
FOR
EASTER
James A. Dick,
..........GROCER. .........

to protect the consulates of their re-
spective countries.
Las Vegas daily optic. [volume] (Las Vegas, N.M.) 1880-1908, 1903-04-10

Get your garden tools at Gehrings.
131-6t
Las Vegas daily optic. [volume] (Las Vegas, N.M.) 1880-1908, 1903-04-10

it is assumed that this policy will
be continued and the matter brought
to the supreme court at the earliest
practicable date.
Las Vegas daily optic. [volume] (Las Vegas, N.M.) 1880-1908, 1903-04-10

Go and see Patty about new and
second hand heaters. Lots OF bar
gains. lOS-tI
Las Vegas daily optic. [volume] (Las Vegas, N.M.) 1880-1908, 1903-04-10

DR.. j. p. Sutton, veterinary surgeon
has located permanently in Las Vegas,
office at Clay & Givens. S0-1m.
Las Vegas daily optic. [volume] (Las Vegas, N.M.) 1880-1908, 1903-04-10

PARSONS, Kans., April 10.-The
wind storm here last night caused
more damage than at first reported.
Nearly all the temporary buildings at
the insane asylum were destroyed and
the walls of the power house, which
was ready for the roof, demolished.
The residence of F. c. Folk was blown
from it's foundation but no one was
hurt. .i.S S$ia4
Las Vegas daily optic. [volume] (Las Vegas, N.M.) 1880-1908, 1903-04-10

INDEPENDENCE, Kans., April 10.
One of the most severe rain and wind
storms in years prevailed in this part
of the state last night The brunt of
the storm was felt just east of here.
where it amounted to q cloud-burst,
and in ten minutes the draws and gul-
lies were swollen,tre were uprooted,
and small buildings moved from their
foundations and unroofed. Heavy
damage is reported between Labette
and Montgomery counties, but wires
are down. ,sH3
Las Vegas daily optic. [volume] (Las Vegas, N.M.) 1880-1908, 1903-04-10

WORkMEN'S COMMITTEE PRO-
CLAIM CESSATION OF STRIKE.
AMSTERDAM, April 1O.-The
workmen's defence committee decid-
ed today to proclaim cessation Oh
the general strike at Midday. The
strike was never really effective.
Las Vegas daily optic. [volume] (Las Vegas, N.M.) 1880-1908, 1903-04-10

The peoples paper-The Optic.
Hardware at Gehring's. 1896
Las Vegas daily optic. [volume] (Las Vegas, N.M.) 1880-1908, 1903-04-10

RUSSIAN CONSUL, VICTIM OF
ALBANIAN SENTINEL, DEAD.
CONSTANTINOPLE, April ION.
st. Cherbina, the Russian consul at
Mitrovitza, who was shot by an Al
banian sentinel there recently, Is
dead. as.l1A:a
Las Vegas daily optic. [volume] (Las Vegas, N.M.) 1880-1908, 1903-04-10
STRIKERS IN ROME

STRIKERS IN ROME
HAVE RETURNED TO WORK.
ROME, April 10-All the strikers
with the exception Of the compositors
have resumed work and Rome has
regained its normal aspect. Many
foreigners who left the city tenn
porariIy are returning.
Tonopah bonanza. [volume] (Butler City [i.e. Butler], Nev.) 1901-1909, 1903-11-21
LEGAL

the names Of the adjoining mining al ai,,,s M.
tne names Of the owners or claImanis SUI
s az hoiloSS On the north, Pyramid Fract Ian
ava sI.u, applicant, claimant; Idahoan No 4
80 'nn.IlIng finance, surveyed Montana Tono
e Ei, M ming company, claimant; on the east
.,.aatuHe, surveyed, applicant, claimant. on tha
Null, survey No. 2Ol2, Mizpah lode. Tononah
mlhing company Of Nevada, claimant. ana spr'
Wy Wy NO; si5l Tonopah Belmont Mining com.
paS. claimant; on the west, Triangle sur.
e 1911 survey No. 2Oi Lucky Jim, Jack Ran.
, pay am Mining Chance mining claims, Mon.
S sana IonOpah Mining company. claimant
SAID claims as shown on the officiai Mat nnsrad
on sald IVanpah quartz mine.
hhd all persons claiming adversely the min.
,hs ground, vein. lode, pre- misses or any portion
tnSreoI 10 described, surveyed plated and an.
Pileu Tor, are hereby notified that unless their
auseIse Chains are duly filed according to law
anu the regulations hereunder within the
tIule prescribed by law, with the Register of
tne united states land ONCE at Carson CITY.
eouhty OF Ormsby, state OF Nevada thev wifi
oe parred by virtue OF the provisions OF the
said statute. - ''i'
s.. Oh. GALLUP,
Register.
., IT. Is hereby ordered that the foregoing notice
OF application for patent be published for the
period OF ten consecutive weeks In the Tonopah
1Bohanza, weekly newspaper published at
Ionopah, state OF Nevada.
oh. GALLUP,
Register.
Date Of first publication, September 49, 1903.
ne flfTMAN, Law Attorney for Applicant
Rooms = and T. Golden block Tonopah, New
Tonopah bonanza. [volume] (Butler City [i.e. Butler], Nev.) 1901-1909, 1903-11-21
No. $50.
for Patent.
UNITED STATES LAND OFFICE,
CARSON CITY, NEVADA,
October Is 1903

NOTICE is HEREBY GIVEN THAT THE
~ io.Tonopah Mining Company, of Tono.
pah, Nevada, by and through 5. A. Knapp, its
attorney.infact, whose post ONCE address is
Butler City, Nye County, state OF Nevada has
this day filed its application for "a patent for
fifteen hundred $500 linear feet of the Utah
mining claim together with surface ground six
hundred 5000 feet in width, situated in the To.
nopah Mining District, County Of Nye, State Of
Nevada and designated by the field notes and
oniea plat on file in this ONCE as United States
Mineral Survey No. 2l07 in Townships and 3
North, Range AZ East, NJ d. NJ, being described
AS follows to wit:
SURVEY NO. 2l07, UTAH LODE.
Beginning at Cor, No l. A pine post AZ feet
long ms square set IL ms, In the ground scrbed
.2l07 identic al with the S f. Cor OF the location
identical with Cor No /. Sur No PISS Arizona
lode, whence the a sec. cor. on the N. 3dry. of
Sec. Il. No, 2Nofth, Range No. ~ +. NJ. ID. NJ.
bears N. $40 49, w. 1858 IT; whence the discovery
shaft bears N. l2o0S w. 2S4sf fl Thence $. $50 ST.
W. $50 feet Cor. No. g. A pine post IA # long
ms. square set Is ms. in the ground scribed
2207 identical with the south side Cor. OF the
location whence the location notice and pine
post "a II long ms, square set IL ms In the
ground scribed Loo 2l07 bears N. 70 49, w. 3l27ft.
Thence S. $50 81 w. 40 # Cor No.3 pine post
~ IT long ms. square set IL ms In the ground
scribed 32107 whence the location corner bears
S. $50 So w. IT. Thence n. 4o4y w. 1898 feet.
point whence the lode line bears N 66o 5S' Il.
40 II. $685. IT Cor, No 4. pine post Al IT, long
ms. square set Is ins. in the ground scr1bed
4-2lO7 whence the n. w. Cor OF the location bears
$. $50 So W. 0 n. Thence N. $50 So E. 1850 feet
intersect line bet secs 1884 N 500 81 w. 7l3.1 IT
from the 4 sec cor 10 feet Cor No. s. A pine
post "A # long ms. square set Is ms. In the
ground scribed 52l07 Identical with the North
side Cor. OF the location. Thence N. $50 SOY f.
73O feet Cor. No. 0. A pine post AZ It long ms.
square set is ms In the ground scribed 6-2l07
identical with the N. +. Cor. of the location with
Cor. No. 8 Sur. No a0ss. Thence S. 70 49, L.
293.l feet point whence the lode line bears S.
$50 so w. 100 #. 42l.4 feet intersect line bet.
Secs. 334 S. 800 0S' Il. 347l It. from the \ Sec.
Cor. 1854 feet Cor. No l. the place Of beginning.
Containing an area of........,...-...l9 1890 acres
Magnetic variation at all corners 100 52 East,
The location of this mine Is recorded In the
mining recorders office at Butler City, Nye
County, State of Nevada; and In the County
Recorders office at Belmont, Nye County,
State OF Nevada, the adjoining claimants
are: On the north, unknown; on the east, !