davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1903-06-11
A KNOWLEDGE OF PRINCIPLES.

A man to be successful in any
branch of plant culture must under.
stand the principles of plant growth.
Most men do not understand these
principles and whatever they do is
done either because their experience
seems to pronounce it good or the
course has been recommended to
them by someone else. 1t not infre-
quently happens that man will de-
scribe his methods to another and
that latter will adopt them to his loss.
Thus one man said that the use Of pot
ash on his land would give very good
results and urged his friends to go
and do likewise. The men put on the
potash, but could get no increased
results from it, and they forthwith
declared the fertilizer worthless and
that the first man was mistaken. That
showed a lack of the understanding
Of the principles. A man that looked
into the case found that the land OF
the first man was deficient in potash
while on the land of the men that had
used it unsuccessfully there was an
abundance for every purpose. The
men should have known the condi-
lions of their soils in the first place.
Unless a man makes a systematic
study of them he Is little likely to
learn the principles of plant life and
nutrition. A principle Is a law that
applies in AL places, yet is modified
by circumstances. Thus one kind of
plant needs one kind of pruning and
another plant needs another kind, yet
both must come under the law that
says winter pruning tends to in
crease wood production and summer
pruning tends to increase the fruit
yield" Principles have been made
known by the experiences of the
many.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1903-06-11
II III DE.
FOUNDATION OF GROWTH

u
What we call cells make up the
nody OF all plants. Some of the very
smallest forms of plant life are made
up OF few cells. but most plants have
millions OF these. Take a compound
microscope, and place under it a Sec
ton from any plant; it will be found
to consist entirely of cells arranged
side by side or one over another.
Some Of the cells may be alive and
some dead. In large plants most of
the cells are dead, even though the
plants themselves may be growing
vigorously. A cell is a minute globu-
lar body with tough wall inclosing a
MUD interior, which is called bio.
plasm. This bioplasm has the power
TO draw to itself more fluid. through
the cell wall and thus increase the
size OF the cell. When the cell can
grow no larger it divides itself into
two by the drawing in of the cell wall,
just as a sausage maker divides his
sausages by twisting and thus con-
tracing the skin. Each Of these parti.
cells then grows to the size of the
original cell and itself divides. This
explains the rapid growth of plants at
some stages, after they have got
good start, as We say, and it also ex'
plains their slow growth at first. Any
scholar that has ever tried to double
a number for twenty or thirty times
will understand. Said a man to the
king of Burmah Give me a grain
OF wheat for the first square on the
checker board, for the second, for
the third, and so on for the whole Ga
squares" Said the king: Certainly.
| command that it be DONE" His min.
listers found there was not wheat
enough in the kingdom to pay the
bill. That is how cells multiply. 1t
is why we wake up some morning
to find that the weeds have got ahead
OF us-that they have overrun every.
thing. He who understands this and
is wise will assail the weeds when
they are at stage of slow growth
rather than wait till they are on the
gallop.
In time most cells lose their power
of division or increasing in size. These
walls become thicker and harder and
their interior solidifies. They have
been squeezed into various shapes.
Growth having ceased, they are
known as dead cells, when they are
of use only as supports to those that
are growing. When vitality is great
and nourishment abundant cell growth
goes on rapidly, but when either of
these is lacking the growth Is slow.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1903-06-11
A STORY OF GOLDSMITH MAID.

Chas. l.. Flint, in a brief sketch Of
Goldsmith Maid, says: Th' following
incident, showing how attached an in
telligent horse becomes to a faithful
attendant, an also the influence Of
kindness on dumb animals, will be Of
interest to many. AS the story goes.
Charley Cochrane, who was for many
years the faithful custodian OF Gold
smith Maid. went to pay her visit.
1t is well known that she was very
Jealous Of her foal and would not per
NIT anyone to come near II. II was
arranged that she should hear Char
ley's voice before she saw him, and.
although they had been separated for
two years, loud whinny presently as
Sured the visitors that she had reccG.
nized the mans voice. Cochrane next
showed himself. when a touching
scene occurred. The old Queen of the
Turf, who for months would not allow
anyone to approach her, making use of
both heels and teeth il it was attempt.
ed, rushed with a bound to her old
friend, forgetttn even her colt, and
rubbed her head upon his shoulders.
her nose in his face, played with his
whiskers and showed by her every
action that her heart was full of Joy
to see him. Directly the colt came up
to them, and she seemed delighted
when Charley placed his hand on the
little fellow. When Cochrane left the
place, she followed him to the gate,
Whinnylng for him even after he had
passed out OF her sight
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1903-06-11
DAIRYlNC IN TURKEY,

Sheep fat Is said to be the popular
substitute for butter in Turkey,
where little butter of any kind is man
ufactured. What little butter is used
in the great cities, like Constantinople
is imported from Siberia, probably by
the way of the Black Sea ports. The
Turks have never tried to encourage
dairying, but it Is said that recently
they have shown themselves a good
deal interested in the subject. A kind
of butter Is made in Turkey, but it is
evidently more of full cream soft
cheese than butter. Fermented milk
is put into a jar or a goat skin and
enough hot water Is added to raise
the temperature to 80 degrees. The
"churn" Is agitated for 40 minutes,
when butter forms, but 1t Is evident
that it has a good deal of water and
curd with it. The milk is more often
the product Of the sheep and goat
than of the COW, and the result is a
very whittish looking stuff. A few
American churns have been exhibited
and shown in actual work. The Turks
have expressed their establishment
and delight at seeing yellow butter
turned out Of the American churns
in less than ten minutes.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1903-06-11
Sentiment and Reality.

Before he wrote his rondels on baby
hood Algernon Charles Swinburne
made systematic study of young
children. One day the bachelor poet
tiptoed into the nursery of friend
and sat down to watch a sleeping in
FAINT. The child smiled and the poet
was moved to rapturous awe. But
the matter-of-fact and experienced
nurse spoiled 1t all by whispering
It's wind, sir. Whenever they smiles
in their sleep you may be sure it's
wind. Bless his little heart" Swim
burne scowIed and withdrew. but he
never wrote his contemplated poetry
on the subject Of baby's dream.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1903-06-11
ABSORBING POWER OF ROOTS.


When a seed sprouts the first thing
it does is to put forth a root for the
purpose OF absorbing water and other
mineral matter necessary for the
further development of the plant.
This root pushes itself into the soil
by cell multiplication at its tip, and
gets thicker by new layers all around
it. We thus see that the root extends
itself into the soil by almost irrisisti-
BILE force, and is able to penetrate
hard substances that it never could
penetrate If it grew from behind and
pushed itself forward as the nails of
our fingers do This mode of growth
also makes the soil tightly packed
around the entire root surface, even
to the minutest fibers, and thus en-
ables them readily to absorb such
nourishment as the soil may contain
for the plant. The power to absorb
is greatest In the small root fibers, or
spongioles, as they are called, and
gradually diminishes as the roots
grow older and thicker. Now, when
we remove a plant from the soil we
break of thousands of these spon-
gioles, no matter how much care we
take or how much We believe in the
whole root theory; and thus the pow.
er of the plant to absorb is greatly
diminished. When we place 1t in the
soil again, we are unable to make the
soil come into such close contact with
the roots as it was when the roots
had extended themselves into the soil
by their growth; but this may be
done to a certain extent by having
the soil well pulverized and then
pouring water around the plant i'm
mediately after it has been set in the
pulyerized soil. This will cause the
soil to settle around the roots, though
the roots will not press against it till
they resume their growth.-Prof. H..
w. Speaking.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1903-06-11
MANIPULATING THE UODER.

1t is well known that some cows
will give down small squirts of strip
pings for a considerable time after
full flow Of milk has ceased. This
milk Is elaborated from the last Dor
ton Of the milk-producing materiSi
which the alveoli have manufactured
at the time Of the milking. The form
alton OF material from which milk
is manufactured goes on all the time,
according to our best present knowl-
edge, but the process Is especially
active at the time OF the milking.
When the milking begins some of the
milk is already elaborated; tire
greater portion OF the milk Is, how
ever, most likely formed during the
process of milking from the mate.
rial stored up in the alveoli during
the interval since last milking. To-
ward the end Of the milking the fiow
Of milk is much smaller than before
until it practically stops, unless con.
tinuous stripping is resorted to. 1t
is the rich milk adhering to the
cavities and ducts Of the udder which
is thus lost to the dairymsn II the
milking Is interrupted at the point
when many mixers stop milking. BY
simple manipulations of the udder
this portion of the milking can bs
easily obtained, and being very rich
in butter fat and other milk solids,
it will greatly improve the quality OF
the whole mess Of milk II added there
to-. w. Woll, Wisconsin Ca!Yers.
ity.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1903-06-11
CLAIM OF WAR VETERAN.
Applicant Honestly Tells Cause of His
Injuries.

Pension Commissioner Ware recent
ly received an application for a pen
sion from a civil war veteran who
does not hesitate to tell the truth
about his claim on the nations graf
itude. When requested to specify the
circumstances under which he in
Cured physical disabilities he sent
the following detailed explanation:
"The way got my war ingery was a
ketchin of a hog. The hog war a sow
hog and our captain wanted her for
forege. He was chasin the sow and
she crawled threw a hoal in a rale
fence. II war big hoal and thot
I war about the sis of the hog, and
tried TO crawl threw, but | stuk and
trim 20 wigIe out trode the rales off
and one hit me on my he'd and nocked
me senseless. do not think the sow
pig had nothing to do with my line Of
duty. for | did not ketch the hog.
Wlch she never war caut." Mr.. Ware
"a u opinion that such candor as this
should eniitle the writer to unusual
consideration.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1903-06-11
THE PRESIDENTS TRIP.

TTeSlQenL Roosevelt finished HIS Ten
weeks tour of the West June 5 at 7
p. m, at which hour his special train
arrived at the Pennsylvania station at
Washington. Nothing in the way of
a demonstration had been planned
and there was no formal reception.
Mr. Roosevelt will find much less
work awaiting him than might be
imagined from the length of his alb
sence from the White House All i'm
portant communications have been
forwarded to him, and by means of
the telegraph and mail he has kept
right up with his official duties.
On the Tuesday following his re
turn the President goes to Cleveland,
o., to attend the wedding of Senator
Hanna's daughter on June 10. He
is to speak at the National Saenger-
fest at Baltimore on June Is, and
the next day he will attend the Uni
versity of Virginia commencement
exercises at Charlottesville.
1t has not been decided when the
President will go to Oyster Bay for
the summer, but he probably will go
before the end of June Mrs. RoOse
welt and the children have arranged
June Is, and it is thought the Presi-
dent will soon follow them.
Never before has President of the
Omitted States made a Swing round
the circle" like the tour Of President
Roosevelt. During the trip, which
lasted fifty-six days, he covered up
ward of $4,000 miles, and addressed
upward of 100000 people.
1t has been a remarkable trip in
many ways. To begin with, the work
mapped out by Mr.. Roosevelt was
such that no ordinary man could hope
to go through with it. When Presi-
dent Nicholas Murray Butler Of Col
umbia University, left the President
about a fortnight ago, he estimated
that Mr.. Roosevelt had made about
$50 speeches up to that time. A study
of the itinerary shows that before he
returned to Washington the total
reached about 400.
Another remarkable phase of the
tour is the fact that twice the Presi-
dent of the United States has been
cut off from the world-for two weeks
while he was in Yellowstone Park and
afterwards for two days, while in the
Yosemite. Only once before has a
President of this country hid him
self. President Cleveland had that
distinction, and there was excuse for
1t. He went to Deer Park. Maryland.
for his honeymoon, and only his most
intimate friends knew where to fl.
him.
The other trips which President
Roosevelt has made have been af
fected by accidents. When he was
in Connecticut last summer he mar
rowly escaped death in a trolley col
lision. Later, when he went on a
tour, he was compelled to abandon it
in Indianapolis because of an abcess
which developed on his leg. But
nothing has marred Mr.. Roosevelt's
grand tour, although he narrowly es-
capped injury in the Yellowstone, when
a detective revolver cartridge explod-
ed while he was shooting at a mark,
and a piece struck him over the eye.
Altogether President Roosevelt had
a most magnificent time on this trip.
He left Washington on April 1. In
Chicago he made his first stop Of
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1903-06-11
A SANITARY MILK PAIL.

We illustrate here the kind OF milk
pail used in the experiments. at the
Storrs' Experiment Station in Con-
necticut. Bulletin 25 of that station
says: Two kinds Of milking pals
were used in these experiments. One
was a regular, open pail; the other
was a pail of special design. An H.
lustration Of the latter Is given in the
cut below. 1t is an ordinary milk
pail with closely fitting cover, which
has an opening near one side into
which is soldered funnel four inches
in diameter having wire gauze OF
fine mesh soldered across the bot
tom. This funnel extends slightly
above and below the cover, and slopes
somewhat toward the side of the pail
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1903-06-11
Will Not Resiun From Senate.

Soon after United States Senator
John +. Dryden of New Jersey, was
elected a director of the steel trust il
was rumored that he intended to re-
sign his seat in the senate. So per-
sistent has been this report that the
senator has found it necessary to an
nounce that he has no intention OF
resigning, not having assumed rela,
tons that will interfere with his
duties as senator.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1903-06-11
STRANGER THAN FICTION.
Marvellous Career of Scotch Boy,
Now British Peer.

The life of the Scotch boy, Donald
Smith, now Baron Strathcona and
Mount Royal, would read more like
romance if 1t were not so studded
with improbabiiities. People like
their romances to be possible; 1t Is
only from reality that will be en-
dured the touches of extravaganza
which turn standard fiction into fairy
tales. says the Cosmopolitan. Young
Donald Smith, dreaming in his
Scotch village OF the stirring adven-
lures of a fur-trading uncle in the
wilds of North America, and after
ward becoming fur trader himself,
first as clerk Of the Hudson Bay
company in the bleakest corner of its
vast territory, "pitiless Labrador"
then climbing after years of hardship
and fidelity to be a chief factor of the
company and resident governor in
America and finally In his old age
governor of the home company In
London, high commissioner for Can
ada and a peer of the realm-that la
romance.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1903-06-11
SCORE CARD FOR CORN JUDGING

~O't- SNnS FSn SSnN
We publish herewith the score card
of the Illinois Corn Growers Asso
citation:
Uniformity of exhibit, 10 points.
Uniform type. size, shape, color aud
indentation.
Shape of ears, points. Cylindri.
cal, straight rows, proportional length
to circumference
Color of ears, 10 points. Uniform.
Market condition, 10 points. Sound.
ness, freedom from injury, maturity
Tips Of ears, 10 points. Filled out
with regular sized kernels.
Butts of ears, points. Kernels
swelled out about shank regularly.
Uniformity of kernels, points. In
type, shape and color.
Shape of kernels, 5 points. Wedge
shape, straight edges.
Length of ears, 10 points. Conform.
ity to standard
Circumference of ears, points.
Conformity to standard.
Space between rows, points. Small
Space between kernels, points.
Small.
Pc" cent of corn, Is points. Con.
fOrmity to standard
Rules. The excess and deficiency
in length of all ears shall be added,
and for every inch thus obtained, cut
one point.
2. The excess and deficiency in cir
conference of all ears shall be added,
and for every inch thus obtained, a
cut of one-half points shall be made.
3. For every per cent short of stand
ard in proportion of shelled corn, a
cut Of one point shall be made.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1903-06-11
IRRIGATION BY PUMPING.


Irrigation has been carried on fol-
the water moved in response to the
law of gravity. Later air power has
been used as a means of lifting the
water and storing it in reservoirs
from which it could be afterwards
used on the land. Some water for
such purposes has been raised by
pumping with steam and gasolene en-
gines. Generally, this latter method
has been considered too expensive tc
be advocated for general use. But
some time ago the Arizona station
took up the problem and is solving il
in a way that promises to be very
advantageous to some of our western
farmers. For pumping steam engines
are used, and the fuel is that found on
the farm-in the case of the Arizona
station 1t is tornillo wood purchasable
at 1925 per cord. 1t may be that
such fuel is abundant in many sec
tons OF the country where there are
arid wastes to irrigate. A number OF
different engines were tried and they
pumped from 600 to 1885 gallons pei
minute. The fuel cost Of irrigating
one acre of land to a depth of three
inches ranged from 81 to rs cents
This water was used on the alfalfa
field, and proved 10 be very profitable
Were it to be used on field Of vege
tables it would, of course, prove still
more profitable. Water is the key tC
agriculture, and its application to land
at low cost means the bringing under
cultivation of large areas that have
hitherto borne nothing but buffalo
grass and sage brush
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1903-06-11
SMALL MEETINGS OF DAlRYMEN.

1t has become customary in some
localities of the West for the man.
ayers of creameries to get together
their patrons and discuss matters Of
mutual interest. Sometimes two or
three creameries are interested, es-
pecially if they be all under one man.
agement. These small meetings are
frequently more effective than are
large ones, as the speakers are freer
in their remarks and get down to the
problems that are continually coming
up for solution, Such meetings make
II possible for the butter maker or
manager to get better acquainted
with the patrons of the factory and
find out good many things that are
bound to work to his advantage. In
his efforts to hold his milk makers
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1903-06-11
onIv Two Europeans Honored.

Gen. Gordon and NJ. Prosper Gigusl
are the only Europeans to whom has
ever been granted the right to wear
the Chinese yellow jacket.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1903-06-11

Nature is supposed to be infallible,
yet it gave the rooster a comb, but no
hair.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1903-06-11

Another funnel, which is loose, fits
inside of the first one. When the pail
is to be used, few layers OF clean
cheese cloth are placed across the
opening of the lower funnel and the
loose funnel is pushed in to hold the
cheese cloth in position. The whole
apparatus is simple in structure and
can be easily cleaned.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1903-06-11

Behavior is a mirror in which every
one displays his own image. Goethe
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1903-04-30
F'O Ri ETHAN ALLEN.

Washington, April 81. General Car
ter announced to Secretary Root yes
terday at the war department., that
the army board had made favorable
report for the enlargement of Fort
Ethan Allen, making it regimental
post for twelve troops, headquarters
and band of cavalry and two batteries
of artillery. Senator Proctor, who
was present, asked and received per-
mission to repeat the announcement to
Vermont people.
cit means the expenditure at the
fort" said Senator Proctor later in the
day ''of between $500, 900 and $500, =
000" 1t will become one of the larg-
est cavalry posts in the country. In
fact there will be no such cavalry
post elsewhere except perhaps at Fort
Riley.
Senator Proctor has been very dill
gent in advancing the interests of
Fort Ethan Allen and accordingly is
pleased at the decision of the army
board for the enlargement. The quar-
tering of so large contingent OF
troops there will make the post cen.
ter of additional military interest.
Further details of the new plan will
be worked out at an early day.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1903-04-30
IL USSI1 BACKS DOWN.

Washington, April 80. Secretary
Hay received dispatch from Ambas.
sador Mccormick to the effect that
the Russian minister Of foreign affairs
has assured him that the published
report of the proposed convention be :.
tween Russia and China, relating to
the Manchuria, is absolutely incorrect
and that there is no foundation for
the report of Russia that demands on
China shall refuse requests of other
powers for treaty parts and consulates
in Manchuria. The ambassador says
he has been assured that the Russian
government has no intention to ak
clude other countries from advantages
now enjoyed in Manchuria or to con
fer exclusive privileges upon Russi rs
and that the United States may be
sure that nothing will be done to
close doors that are now open and
that American commerce and capital
are that which Russia most desires to
attract.
These disavowals by Russia are re-
garded in official circles here as indi-
cative of complete back down from
her aggressive attitude for FIVE days
ago.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1903-04-30
DEATH IN WAIERBUR ".

Wat srbury, April S.-Rufus A.
Watts died of heart disease at his
home in Waterbury Center last light
at 1890. He had been prominent as
a contractor and builder in this and
other towns for several years, and the
community will miss him very much.
He was unmarried but leaves an aged
mother, sister and brothers. His
funeral was held ON Wednesday
morning at 10 o'clock, Rev. Mr..
Emory the officiating clergyman. He
was buried with Masonic honors.
The funeral of Mrs. Florence War
rem Clifton, who died on Sunday
morning. wal held at the home of her
father, George W. Warren, Tuesday.
Mrs. Clifton's de nth was very sudden,
as no symptoms of illness had been
apparent until Friday night, when she
was taken with commissions which
continued until her death. She was
bright sunny person and had been
married only few months. Her
young husband, her father and mother
and only brother have the sympathy
of the entire community.