The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1903-07-28

have On the market.
( "A temperature Of from IS ~ 90 de
crees is the best for churnlng.
The churning should Dc STOPPED when
the butter ~granuals are about the size
81 wheat kernels. The butter milk should
! then be drawn of and tke butter allowed
10 drain for a few moments. Next wash
| me butter with an amount OF cold water
equal 10 about two-thlrds OF the amount
OF butte, milk.
Dairy farming with il accompaniment
OF co,v-peas. clover, and other forage
crops Is going 10 be the salvation OF these
old worn out farms. The dairy sections
| are the most prosperous agricultural dls
tucts in the country.
Now what Is to be done TO BRING aooot
4 change IN the dairy interests OF Nortn
Carolina? may properly he asked, organ
ize. Organize, form a dairyman> assocla-
ton
Mr.. ]. Z. COLT.
Mr.. F.. w. Brawley. Of Iredell, was called
to the chair at the afternoon session, and
the first paper was by Mr.. J. r Goit,
on THE Making OF a Dairy Farm. some
of the points he dwelt upon were the
following:
I'm the making of a dairy farm. the
first thing to be considered * the location.
g. mere are lOUI tihilSN ~ ~ -
regard 10 the location, viz. market, roads.
soil and water and wood. The first l. per
haps the most important and should re-
cciye careful consideration. The te.m
should be located not more than five mics
from some city or large town. for, 1t Is
assumed that the milk * to be retallcd
daily through the town from delivery
wagons run by the farm. Neither should
the farm be nearer than two mllcs 70
the town. for the land viii likely be too
high in price. and II II Is a growing town,
there is danger of the corporation Inc
being extended and taxes increased.
The question of soil is also an i'm
portant one. We can we'll afford not TO
be too particular about our farm beng a
rich one. | believe it would pay even TO
buy an old and partially run down farm,
provided the soil j. of such character as
to admit of quick Improvement and per
manent richness after it IS once brought
into a high state of fertility. With the
dairy farm 1t i comparatively easy 10
improve land, for, together Wlth the
growing Of summer legumes, the winter
cover-crop of legumes. and the large
quantity of first quality manure, we can
bring to the land such a bulk OF plant
food and organic matter, that the land,
ii properly worked. Will quickly assume
first class shape. The clay soils of North
Carolina, which have been worn out b.
constant cropping In cotton and feftlllzinG
with Commercial fertilizers, need chiefly
organic matter. and the dairy farm IS just
the thing to supply this in abundance.
THE subject of water too, Is very I'M
p~ortant. Not only does the supply need
to be large, but the water itself must be
pure. Many epidemics OF disease have
been traced to the water supply Of the
6airr A. mill iS s11ch good nutr1mPnt
medium the dairyman cannot be too care
ful in preventing the entrance of disease
germs into the milk, and especially the
Typhus bacillus. Milk does not contain
disease germs derived from the water
(which the COW drinks, but the animals
may stand in the water and particles OF
filth may be conveyed by Their tails to
their sides, and there dry and later fall
into the milk bucket to start a vigorous
growth of these virulent germs. Spring
or we'll water should be used in the cleans
ing of all tinware and other utensils. aud
a ~vigilant eye should be kept upon these
sources to prevent their contamination.
I'm arranging the buildings for oGr
dairy farm, the idea should be to have 2
few large buildings, rather than small ones.
st pays to paint the outside of the
barn and white-wash the inside. White
washing the inside improves the appear
ance greatly, shows dirt plainly and thus
promotes cleanly ways, besides beng q
mild disinfectant and deodorant.
"Steam is pre-eminently the power for
the cream separator, because much steam
is needed anyway for heating water and
sterilizing cans. OF late, gasoline engines
have come into use on many farms, and
seem to be meeting with general approval.
Perhaps the reason why the gasoline en-
CINE is appreciated IS on account of the
ease with which they can be started and
stopped, without waiting and bothering
about getting up steam, as with the
steam engine.
"As many COWS should be kept as can
be fed through the winter. The best ma
tive cows should be bought up in the sur
rounding country. They should be Sc
lected with preference to the dairy farm
and their performance. A good way to
buy COWS is to pay ten dollars for the
COW and ten dollars more for every gallon
Of milk (S.6 pounds they give daily. All
cows lacking the dairy type. or with ten
denotes toward beef should be rejected.
All of the so-called dual purpose animals
should be avoided, for they would not pay
in this dairy, if in any dairy. The herd
bull should be the very best that can be
gotten.
Hogs are a necessary adjunct to every
{ properly equipped dairy farm. One pure
breed should be kept, and the young sold
as breeding stock.
1 Corn should be planted early and late
for ensilage. Early corn should be sliced
and fed on continuously. Then just befolc
:. frost a crop should be ready 10 fill the
7 silo to the brin, and the feeding con-
, tinued. Thus there is no loss from the
!. top layers rotting. While corn is pre-
eminently the feed for the dairy COW
root crops, sorghum. clover and other
5 crops should also be raised to furnish
variety and improve the animals appe
titles. A kitchen garden and a good orch
5 ard should form a part of every dairy
;. farm. While the effort should be to raise
f as near all the feed reuired as possible
r still the dairy farmer should not b.
] averse to buying concentrated feeds
There Is money IN feeding cotton seed mea
h at present prices to dairy COWS.