davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Aberdeen Democrat. (Aberdeen, South Dakota) 1???-1909, 1903-01-16

the occurrence of anything unusual, a
wave of excitement passes over the
entire herd or flock and they respond
Instantly and unanimously. There is
no sign of inquiry, doubt or reflection.
Harsh conditions of animal life cause
this prompt obedience to suggestion.
Nature has sifted out the stupid, heed.
less and willful, and preserved the
most alert to suggestion. There is no
other reason why feeling should run
like wild-fre through band OF ele-
plants, or terror should strike like
shock through herd Of deer. The
human analogue to the agitated herd
is the mob OF crowd. Mobbery, from
mobile, is a good term. as great mem
tai instability marks the true mob,
and this is characteristic only Of a
crowd under the influence of sugges-
tion. Disorderly masses from crlmi-
nal quarters are not mobs. Excur-
sions Of this class of persons is only
a process of unchaining the evil and
secret lusts OF a mans heart. Man Is
swayed by a moral code founded on
discipline often quite alien to his i'm.
pulses. Remove the fear OF conse-
quences by the anonymity OF til.
crowd, take away personal RESPONSE
bility by the participation OF numbers
and people will descend to evil-doinl
aud violence, showing how far below
the social moral standard, lie theil
prevailing inclinations.
Other traits of the crowd are fe
[;rocity, shamelessness, criminality
courage, intolerance. all due to sens,
Iof numbers. Suggestibility comes tt
| light in gregarious animals, children
certain lunatics, hysterlcal patient
and hypnotized subjects. Itdominat.
childhood, but fades out as the charac
ter sets and the will hardens.
The question comes to us why
this feeling ofsuggestib bility heighten
ed in an aggregate Of men?
Psychic or mental forces can best b
illustrated or explained under figure
similar IN the physicalworid. Huma
The Aberdeen Democrat. (Aberdeen, South Dakota) 1???-1909, 1903-01-16
ABOUT FARn LIFE.

It is now more than fourteen years
ago, since the writer left the great
city Of st. Paul to 60 to housekeeping
out here in Brown county. Should l
tell all the various experiences
met during that time. it would make
alittle book, but I will relate some OF
them. What little l knew about
farm life had come to me during oc-
Ecasional visits with friends living on
farms in Minnesota, and their ways
are in many ways different from ours.
Anyway, 1 accepted my position as q
farmers wife with good will, at least,
and that helped me good deal in nv
work. .$
e. The greatest difficulty, | always
found to meet, was the hired help,
and I thinkmos farmers wives say
the same. Instead Of being the much
abused hired man some writer's IN
agricultural papers have made him,
think he very often is the abusing
ruler. Yet for our part. we have
1neYer had any one much below par
value. We have made il a rule TO, as
lmuch as possible, treat the men as
4 our equals. 4 have especially re-
sLmembered the advice from the wise
man, Moses, TO be kind to the stran-
SIger that comes Within your door,
The Aberdeen Democrat. (Aberdeen, South Dakota) 1???-1909, 1903-01-16

consciousness in the mob is beset by
numerous identical suggestions, like
taps Of hammer on bowlder or
like the mighty organ that compels
benches and windows to vibrate in
unison. So a crowd dominated by a
single mood emitsa volnme OF sugges-
tions that gives an emotional pitch
and tone to every individual in it.
Continued next week.
The Aberdeen Democrat. (Aberdeen, South Dakota) 1???-1909, 1903-01-16

g8teQ 10 corporations formed and II
Iexisting for the benefit Of the incor-
IpOrators? Without railways the Jim
River Valley is habitable after fash.
ion like the plains of Asia, but not
lin the advanced condition of modern
life. Has the government no interest
Tor duty in supplying them? Is its
lrelation to transportation one. of little
] or 40 concern to be lightly delegated
4 to associations of individuals?
This has been done and the nations
highway built. Four thousand mil
stlions of inflated stock and imitation
|stlll steadily going on attest the tre-
Imendous cost of that method in
money. But that Is not the worst
Efeature. The American people are
lbewildered and our statesmen appalled,
lat hemonopolization of ofourindustries.
It is the fashion to say that it is
inevitable industrial evolution. Nay
verify, the fostering cause is and has
been railway discrimination and man
agement.
In 1895 the United States Senate
i appointed a committee consisting OF
! Senators Cullom Of Illinois, Miller of
. New York, Platt OF Connecticut, Cor
+ man of Maryland and Harris of Ten
i nessee to inquire into railway man
. lagement. Testimony was given before
!. it, and given by former railway off,
al cials, that it was part and parcel of
/. the management Of the road to con-
Il centrate business In the hands of one
! ora few and by building up one man
purposely destroy Others. The Com
: mittee in its report to the Senate,
s page I, makes the following statement;
= ..The policy which has been pre-.
2 sented has given US the most efficient
Z railway service and the lowest rates
3 In the world; but its recognized bene
"a fits have been attained at the cost o1
Il the most unwarranted discrimination
e and its effect has been to build up the
= strong at the expense Of the weak, tt
"a give the large dealer an advantag'
q lover the small trader, to concentrate
IA business at great commercial centers
,v TO necessitatec combinations and aggre
,a cations of capital, to foster monopoly
e. to encourage the growth and exten'
3 the influence Of corporate power, ant
\ to throw the control of the cOmmerc
4 tof the country more AMI more int
q lilands Of the few. !" sss33.
&. Is our present industrial conditio
an the natural result Of economic causes
g tor is 1t Ia coatravention Of them an
n Hts correction the denial Of transpol
g tation to associations of capital whe
10 Ithey reach the dimensions, or resol
"a to the methods Of monopolies.
- B. ABBOTT.
The Aberdeen Democrat. (Aberdeen, South Dakota) 1???-1909, 1903-01-16
SOCIAL SCIENCE CLUB
Full Text Of Prof Koehler's Paper,
Psychology Of the Crowd.

AT the meeting of the Social Science
Club the program consisted of the
reading Of a paper on The Psychology
Of the Crowd by Professor Chas. F.
Koehler and the discussion of the
same. The discussion occupied about
two hours and it was resolved to con-
tinue IL at the next meeting. The
paper was as follows:
The transformation taking place in
the present age touches the thoughts,
beliefs and life Of man and society at
almost every point and in almost ev-
cry department.. The characteristic
Of this transformation is iconoclasm, a |
destruction OF religious, political and
social beliefs in which the elements
of our civilization are rooted. The
result of modern scientific and indus
trial discoveries has brought about
new conditions and new thoughts.
These conditions have made possible
| the power Of the masses and the pres
lent era may be called the era Of
crowds.
A century ago European events
we're shaped blythe traditional policies
| of the states and the rivalries of SOW
ereigns. Today the destinies of ma
tions are elaborated in the heart of
the masses and not in the councils Of
princes. The progressive transforma-
tion Of the popular classes into ruling
mowers is one of the striking features
Of our epoch 81 transition. By associa-
tion crowds have come to discover
ideas Of their own interests and ar
rived at the consciousness Of their
.[strenpth. impatient OF social progress
i touching the rights Of the masses, the
crowd has taken it upon itself to work
out its own salvation. Crowds by
.ttheir very constitution are little
4 adapted to reason, but quick to act.
i The sense OF responsibility being lost
lin the force of numbers, masses stirred
by feelings and urged by leaders are
easily brought to action, and sover-
eipnty Is now accorded to majorittes.
The divine right OF the masses is
about to replace the divine right OF
kings. .-ss.ss-ss ~
Science and Invention are cold
blooded and feelingaess. They prom
tise lis neither peace nor happiness
simply truth. Sovereignty indiher.
ent to our feelings, they attack oul
lbeliefs and break our idols because
Ithey stand in the way of truth. Z hey
are likewise deaf to our lamentations
The new order has everywhere beer
attended by the power OF collectivitie,
land majorities. Civilizations of th'
past have been directed by small in
tellectual aristocracies. Their inter
Iests. dictated conservative action
The clamor Of the crowd is for change
@ their destroying power is their marke
character. They are like microbe
that hasten the dissolution Of en-
& feebled or dead bodies.
Our knowledge Of crowds is bu
~ jslight. Professional students Of ps.
= chology have lived apart from I'll
masses and have only considered tt
= crimes crowds are capable Of commi
= ting. This no more gives a true a
count OF the crowd than q descriptie
of the vices Of an individual gives
true account Of individual psycholog
1t is a law Of life that men do n,
shape their conduct upon the teachir
OF pure reason. The strongest N
The Aberdeen Democrat. (Aberdeen, South Dakota) 1???-1909, 1903-01-16

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The Aberdeen Democrat. (Aberdeen, South Dakota) 1???-1909, 1903-01-16
The New York World.
ThRIcE-A-wEEk EDITION.
guage is Spoken.

Read Wherever The English Lan-
Tonopah bonanza. [volume] (Butler City [i.e. Butler], Nev.) 1901-1909, 1903-05-09
WILL OPEN OUT
SOUTHERN NEVADA
Mention Of Mining Districts Revived
By the Clark Road.

The building OF the San Pedro, Los
Angeles and Salt Lake road will open
up many mining camps. 1t will bring
into easy distance a wide scope of
country rich in its mineral deposits.
Beginning almost at our very doors
the road enters within the boundary
lines Of productive districts. Stock
ton and Ophir are first reached by
way OF the new bennington cutoff
and so is West Tintic. Next comes
Tintic district with it's constellation
of big mining camps Eureka, Silver
City and Mammoth. Further along,
in Willard county, are many pros
pective shippers, while, in Beaver
county, now the scene OF such great
activity in mining matters, there are
eight to ten districts which can be
relied upon for heavy production of
the precious metals. In Iron county,
and not far from the road, is the gold
and silver camp OF Stateline, with
Pixies Digglngs and Deer Lodge as
near neighbors. The bennington
cutoff also brings the rich mining
camps of the extensive Deep Creek
country into closer touch with the
outside world. The greatest good,
however, will come from the extern
sion from Calientes through southern
Nevada. The great mineral region
lying around Phoebe will be tapped
and many old, but once famous,
camps in this region will take on new
life and activity, such as Silver Park,
Patterson, Bristol, Freiberg, Tim
Pah Ute, Silver King, Irish Noun
tain, Reveille, Groom, Typo, Good
Springs, Yellow Pine, Ivanpah and
other camps, which created sensa-
tions in the history of early mining
operations in this western country.
From Calientes on, it is understood,
forty miles OF roadbed is ready for
the ties and rails. Work is to begin
at both ends OF the line, and in the
middle also, which means rapid con
struction as soon as the work is fairly
in hand. Salt Lake Mining Review.
Tonopah bonanza. [volume] (Butler City [i.e. Butler], Nev.) 1901-1909, 1903-05-09
As Usual.

Gov. Sparks will erect at Ogden
one OF the finest hotels IN the west.
II Nevadas executive carries out his
present intentions, the building will
be about $50 feet square and seven
stories high, and equipped in the
most modern and up to-date fashion.
The state and mines of Nevada yield
the big money, but as Of yore rank
outsiders pet the benefit.
Tonopah bonanza. [volume] (Butler City [i.e. Butler], Nev.) 1901-1909, 1903-05-09

George E. Nolan, manager OF the
Nevada Engineering Works, is i'll
San Francisco, where he is figuring
on constructing some heavy mining
machinery for Tonopah.-Ex,
Tonopah bonanza. [volume] (Butler City [i.e. Butler], Nev.) 1901-1909, 1903-05-09

Mr.. Knox, president Of the Mon.
tana-Tonopah Mining company OF
Tonopah, was in the city to-day, ar.
ranging to have the Sparks mill t.
work carload of ore from the Mon
tana- Tonopah property. Reno Tele-
gram, May 4th.
Tonopah bonanza. [volume] (Butler City [i.e. Butler], Nev.) 1901-1909, 1903-05-09

The BONANZA is in receipt OF the
United States statutes, first and
second sessions of the fifty-seventh
congress, by courtesy of Senator
Stewart. The books are accompan-
led by the official congressional di-
rectory. Thanks.
Tonopah bonanza. [volume] (Butler City [i.e. Butler], Nev.) 1901-1909, 1903-05-09
nRnaH MINING COMPANY is organized under the laws of


OF
0DIs ted in Treasury fol-
OF theTO
EDGE When UNDERLYING appe
~ ding Reno New ore Il
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-06-05

erests with special interests. A special
interest that has q product worth $780,
100000 a year ought to count for some
thing in congress. It's registration OF Its
Arm belief in the benefits Of reciprocity
with Canada will give that movement q
great impetus It is to be hoped that the
members OF the federation will take to
heart the advice Of the resolution that
each Individual member irrespective Of
party affiliations shall bring such constant
pressure to bear upon his local congress
sional representative and the United
States senators from his state and all
future candidates for national office as will
commit them unequivocally to the further
ance Of these measures by word and VOTE .
That is the way in which members OF
congress can be put between the devil OF
special interests and the deep sea of
special interests. That is the way to get
results. The standpat manufacturers are
forever bringing pressure to bear on con-
gressmen. They can only be beaten by
pressure OF the same kind on the other
side.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-06-05
/ LITERARY NOTES.

The Macmillan company have published
twenty two volumes of the Dent edition
of the prose works of Thackeray, under
the editorship of Walter Jerrold The full
set will be completed by JAM /, 1904
The Macmillan company announce three
volumes of the works of W. b. Yeats, the
well known Irish poet and essayist-"The
Celtic Twilight Ideas of Good and
Evil" and a play entitled, Where There
Is Nothing
The Macmillan company announce a
new novel by Miss Gwendolen Overton,
entitled annie Carmel
D. Appleton & Co. have issued large
paper edition Of Frank r. Stocktons post
humous novel, THE Captains Toll Cate
limited to 100 copies, of which only $50
are to be sold.
T The Bobbs- Merrill company of Indian
apolis have issued four out of the six most
popular novels issued this spring. Mere
dith Nicholson, who wrote The Main
Chance, y one Of their recent publications,
is talked of as possible candidate for
the indianapolis mayoralty.
recent interesting combination of
periodicals is that of the Ledger Monthly,
founded by Robert Bonner in 1913; The
Household, founded in 1863 and Ev'ry
Month, issued first in 1895. The combina-
tion has gone into business under the title
The Hous ehold-Ledger, which Is issued
from 81 Liberty street, New York.
Miss Murfree's latest story is "A Spectre
Of Power, dealing with the early strug-
giles of the French and English and their
Indian allies In this country.
Little Brown & Co., Boston, state that
over 1000, 900 copies Of Miss Louisa Al
colts stories have been sold.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-06-05
Millers for Reciprocity.

The millers' national convention at De-
troit yesterday declared for reciprocity in
general and Canadian reciprocity in par
ticular thus adopting precisely the plat
form of the Minnesota Branch of the Ma
tional Reciprocity League. The Canadian
reciprocity resolution was as follows:
Present conditions are favorable to and
make highly desirable the fullest measure
of reciprocal trade arrangements with the
Dominion of Canada, the nearest and next
to the largest market for American pro-
ducts. both of farm and factory, and in
view Of the early assembling of the United
States and Canada joint high commission,
we most earnestly urge the exercise Of
your strongest influence toward the sue
cessful accomplishment of this object.
For some fifteen years now. the millers
as a whole have been advocates of the
reciprocity policy, because they saw in it.
under the existing conditions in the United
States, the only method by which it is pos
sible to liberalize our trade relations with
other nations without undergoing a polit-
ical revolution But the present depres-
sion in their industry will make them more
insistent than ever upon modification, of
our tariff policy.
The most promising aspect of the devel-
opment Of the reciprocity movement in the
United States at the present time is that
It is getting into Shape 10 fight special IN
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-06-05
FRIDAY EVENING,

Philippines Two coiored soldiers have
risen from the ranks to shoulder straps by
examination, and three officers have been
graduated from West Point. Captain
Young Of the Ninth cavalry Is the only
negro West Pointer now In service, and
Mr.. Willard says that race prejudice has
never interfered with discipline In his
commands. even where he has been placed
over white officers. Former Congress-
man Lynch Of mississippi Is a captain,
being appointed from civil life. and there
are four colored chaplains in the service.
Mr.. Willard says that In some respects
the negroes are better soldiers than the
whites. and in others worse, but under
the command OF officers who understand
them they are certain always to give a
good account Of themselves. 1t Is surpris-
ing to learn that they are roberer than
white troops and far less inclined to de-
sertion. They are also prouder Of the
army and more desirious Of having a
smart appearance.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-06-05


Walter Wellman Is right when he de-
clares that Chamberlain's scheme for rec
iprocity within the British Empire sis
acting as an impetus to those republicans
in the Northwest who have been ardently
advocating reciprocity with Canada It
Is not only that the Chamberlain idea re-
minds the Americans that. If reciprocity
between Canada and England is good for
the English, similar relation between the
United States and Canada ought to be
good, but there is the additional spur that
If Chamberlain is not forstalled by the
United States in the near future, 1t will
be many a long day before reciprocity
with Canada will be possible Chamber
lain's policy would confine reciprocity in
which British governments have part to
reciprocity within the empire. If Canada
should take It up there would be little hope
of improving our trade relations with that
country. AS Mr.. Roberts. director Of the
mint, puts it, 1--WE should jump in and
complete reciprocity treaty with Canada
as soon as possible. While the British are
talking about it we should act..''
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-06-05
Books and Authors
is u "DEcElTFuL AND DISHONESTY

A writer in The Contributors Club OF
The Atlantic ridicules the present fad OF
writer's hiring out as housemaids, factory
workers, saleswomen In department stores,
living and bunking with tramps, steve
dores and 80 on, adjudging such quests for
knowledge as impertinent, fruitless and
mischievous, unjustiflable, deceitful and
dishonest. This is severe arraignment
Of the motives Of the searchers for social
truth No man" says this contributor.
"or woman, has a right to force way
into the affairs of others. or by deceitful
pretense Of social equality to obtain in.
formation not otherwise to be acquired.
It Is an infringement of personal rights"
This is a pretty serious accusation. It
Is very certain that Investigations into
and exposures of the frightful conditions
under which work is frequently performed
during the past few decades have led
to great betterments for the people en-
ployed. The ameliorative factory legisla-
ton has resulted from what the Con-
tributor calls IAN infringement Of per-
sonal rights" The question may well be
asked whether anybody has the right to
deliberately work under semi-barbarous
and unsanitary conditions, bringing dis
ease and death upon the community. The
bread baking business in large cities has
been, by careful investigation of the filthy
conditions often revealed been reformed
very radically to the advantage of COM
| munities. The charge Of ''deceitful pre-
| tense Of social equality on the part Of
| Investigators, as If they commit crime
| by personally finding out the conditions Of
work and writing about them, is absurd.
| If the victims Of poor ventilation and
| other dangerous conditions do not get
| out Of the fire somebody ought to pull
them out.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1903-06-05
Negroes as Soldiers.

President Roosevelt's complimentary
reference to the negro soldiers in his
speech at Springfield. yesterday gives
timely interest to an article by Oswald
Garrison Willard in the June Atlantic on
1.-THE Negro in the Regular Army" Mr..
Willard shows that the records of the four
negro regiments, the Ninth and Tenth
cavalry and the Twenty-fourth and Tween
ty fifth infantry, have been surprisingly
good. Everybody knows that the martial
courage Of the negro was, demonstrated
at Fort Wagner and Fort Hudson forty
years ago, but it is interesting to note
some other of his soldierly qualities
The Ninth cavalry, for example, is the
only regiment in the service that has ever
gone thru a whole year without single
desertion. The inspector general of the
army declared in 1902 that the Twenty
fifth infantry was the best regiment he
saw in the Philippines. One colored com ;.
pany in the Philippines made a record of
reporting a full roster of JOG men fit for
duty every day in twelve successive
months. not a single day being lost on ac-
count Of sickness. Such a record strong
ly suggests the advisability of using many
more colored SOLDIERS than heretofore in
any. tropical wars the future may have in
store for the United States. It is to the
/, credit Of the colored regiments that only
one member Of them was ever in any way
associated with the4water torture in the