The National tribune. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1877-1917, 1903-04-16

In addition to the agricultural prOduc-
tons in the Valley there were at Wythe-
vile lead works, and salt works at Salt
vile. The inhabitants were mostly bitter
ly hostile to the Union and furnished men
and aid to the rebel chiefs.
The term Army of the Shenandoah
was first employed by the COnfederates in
the early campaign of the war, when the
rebel, Gen. J. E. Johnston, posted his
forces under that name about Winchester
to oppose Gen. Patterson. of Pennsylvania.
and il was this army that Outwltted the
Union General. fastened to Beauregard at
Manassas. or Bull Run. and won the day,
July p. 1861. How Gen. Scott liked this
can be clearly seen from the following
orders:
Headquarters.
July 81. 1861: /: 80 a. m.
Gen. Banks Baltimore, Nd:
Proceed TO Harper's Ferry and relieve
Gen. Patterson. turning over your present
command to Gen. Dix.
WINFIELD SCOTT.
General Orders, No. 34.)
Headquarters, Department of the Shenan-
doah.
Harper's Ferry, Va, July %. 1861.
BY virtue of orders received from the
War Department. Maj.-Gen. n. =. Banks
hereby assumes command of this Depart
ment
OEutT Ol lIeIl DdHhS.
ROBERT WILLIAMS,
Asst Adjutant-General.
LEES ROUTE OF INVASION AND RETREAT.
The Valley was the line of Lees and
Longstreet's retreat from Antietam in
1862. when they captured at Harper's
Ferry II 600 men. 73 cannon and 1900
mnskets. The Valley was again Lees
route of invasion after defeating Hooker
at Charlottesville in 1863. aud was his
line of retreat after the defeat at Gettys-
burg. The Valley always played con-
spicuous part in all campaigns. and was a
constant menace to the operations against
Richmond. Each year the Union army
met with defeat and the loss of garrisons,
and it was not until Sheridan with his
Union Army of the Shenandoah wreSted it
from the rebels that it was possible for
the Richmond campaign to succeed.
VALLEY CAMPAIGN OF 1864.
In the Spring of 1864 Sigel marched mp
the Valley and occupied Winchester. On
May 5 McNeil's rebel cavalry rode to the
Baltimore & Ohio Railroad at Piedmont
captured the guard and burned n few
loaded cars and engines. Secretary Stan
ton at once sent to Governor Brough, OF
Ohio for troops to defend the road.
Governor Brough promptly furnished
four To-day regiments for Charleston
three for Parkersburg, three for New
Creek, three for Harper's Ferry and two
for Cumberland so that the read was vel
guarded by these Ohio To-day men.
Sigel advanced to New Market. where
in a well-contested fight. he was defeated
May ID, 1864. 1t resulted in his being re
1ieved and succeeded by Gen. Hunter, who
on taking command, resumed the advance
up the Valley, or. as Jefferson Davis said
An audacious movement of the enemy III
to the very walls of Lynchburg made i
necessary to send a large body of troop
to that vital point. which was otherwise
intended for the relief of Atlanta" Thi
was Breckinridge'S command. Lees Sec
ond Army Corps. formerly Ewell's. nov
Early's: it was Stonewall Jackson's oil,
corps of fast-marching infantry, known al
Jackson's foot cavalry
Hunter could not expect to captur
Lynchburg against this increased force
and he hastily retreated in good order, de
stroying railroads and bridges on his wa,
and capturing 1000 prisoners. BY this re
pulse and retreat of Hunter came tn
event that led to the formation of til
Army of the Shenandoah.
INVASION OF MARYLAND.
When Lee saw that Hunters retrea
uncovered the Valley again, instead of re
calling Early and Breckinridge he dis
patched them into Maryland and to men
ace Washington, thinking thereby tina
troops would be sent 10 oppose them froI
the Army of the Potomac and thus weake
the enemy on his GIee's) front. So Early
with his army, left Stanton June %, 1856
in light marching order, reaching Winchcs
ter July =, where he was instructed b
Lee to remain until prepared to cross tn
Potomac and destroy the Baltimore 1
Ohio Railroad and the canal
The 4th Of July, 1864, found Early /
possession of the Valley, having drive
Sigel from Harper's Ferry to the opposit
nights. On the same day the Confederat
leader, McCausland. entered HagerstowI
Md, and made a requisition for $2O,OOt
which was given TO him. He also d,
stroyed much hay and grain.
When the news that Confederate fore
was in Maryland was made known to til
North it startled the people, and Presider
Lincoln called on the Governors of sever:
States for To-day men to repel the il
yaslon. Hunter was ordered to move bac
into the Valley and Grant was asked
he sent Ricketts's Division of the Sixt
Corps and 9 lot of dismounted cavalr
troops that were unOrganized, and cons
Quently not very useful.
Gen. Lew Wallace reinforced his Carr
sons with the To-day men and moved 70
ward to Monocacy, near Frederick
On July 8 Early entered Frederick an
levied a contribution of 100000 in cas-
which was paid. He also took man
stores provisions, clothing and shoes.
the way, bill was before the FIT
seventh Congress to reimburse Frederic
City for this money, on the plea that II
citizens helped get more than that amour
OF Government property away and out ,
the rebels reach, but had to suffer in 10
Ing their own property.
MoNocACY BRIDGE,
Ricketts, Division arrived at Bait
more July S and was hurried to- WaIlac
- In the meantime Early was intent
getting into Washington, but Lew Wa
lace with his veteran and raw troop
made such vigorous defense at Monocat