davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The San Francisco call., 1903-01-08

legislative remedy is necessary. In its DC
sire TO exclude all opportunities for fraud
and to obtain absolute secrecy, the Leg
islature required strict uniformity in the
marking of ballots: and the courts nave
interpreted these requirements with equSi
strictness. The consequences are that
many voters, through carelessness or lack
of understanding. make mistakes Which
fatal: and the ballots nave to be re
jected. These are not the results whlch
the trainers of the law Intended, and some
change to prevent the thwarting OF the
will of so many voters is necessary But
the framing of the needed amendment
calls for the exercise OF good judgment L.
lest the attempted cure OF one evil create
other and worse evils, as 80 often nap
pens in dealing with matters Ike this
1t seems probable that in the ballot ma
chine which now has been clearly leSa.-
ized by a change in the constitution, we
shall ultimately find relief from the per
plexities of ballot laws which are so IRE
quently too loose or too strict 10 WORK
we'll I need hardly say. however ina
the whole question should be approached
yith great care and handled with extreme
Conservatism. There is nothing in which.
to my mind. haste would make greater
waste than this.
The San Francisco call., 1903-01-08

the State controls water frontaees.
l recommend, therefore, that the
wharves and docks of San Francisco.
where so much has already been done
and so much more is urgently demanded
be given instant attention and that some
plan be devised whereby the present ia
cilities be greatly increased as soon as
possible. And in this connection IL NAV
not be out of place to call attention to
the fact that the building OF wharves and
docks of wood in these teredo-infested
waters is, while cheapest in the first in
stance. far more expensive in the long
run. 1t would be we'll therefore. II
seems to me, to devise a plan for max
ing all these needed improvements so that
they Will last indefinitely and not REQUIRE
to be replaced every few years.
If, in order to execute the improve
ments, it should be necessary to borrow
money upon bonds, to be paid, principa /
and interest, from the future income of
the port, as was done when the ferry
building was constructed, it is well worth
considering whether this would not be n
justifiable and business-like proceeding.
The harbors of San Diego, San Pedro
Oakland and Eureka should also receive
attention at the hands of the State. and
some plan be inaugurated for their i'm
provement.
The San Francisco call., 1903-01-08
FAVORS CHANGE
IN A STATE LAW
OF SCHOOL FUND

~HERE is now lying in the State
treasury s. .ooo. 600 OF school money.
II is the policy OF the State TO in
vest this money IN such a manner
as 70 produce as great an income as pos
sible. But the law provides that the IN
vest naeut shall be made only in national.
State or county bonds The returns from
national bonds are so slight that II Is
hardly profitable thus 70 invest these
funds. State bonds are not available, Tor
the reason that nearly all California
State bonds are now held by the school
fund. And. on account Of our great pros
pe~itv. CALIFORNIA; counties are getting
rapidly cut Of debt. and. therefore, their
bonds are not available.
Ia order therefore, that the school fund
nay receive the largest possible income
-1rfuensurzte with safety, I would sug-
e-esr that the law be so amended that in
Fsss- rneuts may be made in municipal and
school bonds of California OF course
sch investments would require the most
careful investigation OF the legality OF
the securities offered. But. with proper
ca -, the investments would be safe, and
The benefits 10 the schools would be
great.
The San Francisco call., 1903-01-08

f1Ilow ull cause the establishment OF =
Cousfderable additional number OF schools
on e couserK tive calculation, Il Is easy
fo show that II the State should under
take 10 pay one-half the cost OF high
hools 81 would add TO the existing bur
den of taxation an amount almost equal
70 The support accorded TO the state Uni
versity. The proportion Of the cost o.
support Of high schools which The Sta Ie
can undertake should, il seems TO me, De
much less than this
An additional reason for reaching TINS
conclusion IS that our State government
slresdy contributes 10 the support OF the
schools IN larger proportion than other
States Ehe policy hss been aoopteo os
All the States OF dividing the cost OF
maintaining public schools between STATE
and local governments. But while the
average OF all the States shows that 10
uer cent Of the total IS borne BY the
State governments, the proportion SO
horne IN California IS 45 per cent or
resrlv three times as great While the
state IS interested in having good. even
--e best schools still II would be we'll
fhink. 10 have fair portion o. their
cost assessed upon the localities where
they are situated.
The San Francisco call., 1903-01-08
CIVIL SERVICE
IS FAVORED IN
STATE OFFICES

~HE platforms Of the two principal
parties adopte before the recent
election contained declarations in
favor of the merit system in the
civil service OF the State. This is an end
toward which we should work with dis
eliminating intelligence and steady pur-
nose. The reform Is one which must fol-
low. and not precede. the creation of a
genuine public sentiment in its favor.
Fxperience has demonstrated that elab-
crate systems Of examination and promo
ton will not succeed unless the public
Thoroughly understands the object which
10 aimed at and has confidence in the
means proposed 10 attain it. In this mat
fer gradual progress IS the best OF all
Drogress because IL is the surest and
most enduring. the success which has
been obtained in tn classified civil ser
vice of the Federal Government, after
twenty years of trial, points the way to
the eventual evolution of a similar sys-
tenn under the State Government.
The San Francisco call., 1903-01-08
BETTER WHARVES
ARE CALLED FOR
ON WATER FRONT
T. HE great commerce that is begin
ming to flow through our State to
and from the far East, where this

% HE great commerce that is begin
ming to flow through our State TO
and from the far East where this
nation has recently acquired I'm
portant possessions, mostly finds its en-
try and exit through the port Of San
Francisco. Within a comparatively few
years the commerce, which even now
taxes to It's utmost the facilities there so
wisely provided by the STATE, Will wax
far beyond the capacity of the present
docks The newly laid trans Pacific ca
bic. the greatest work Of our late la
mented fellow citizen, John w. Mackay.
brings US closer TO Hawaii and will, In a
few short months, unite US TO the Orient
From this will flow still greater benefits;
and we must be ready TO take advantage
of them.
1t behooves the State. therefore. care
fully TO consider the fast approaching alb
solute inadeuuacy of the existing facil-
tiles and 10 increase them by some well
devised plan of expansion. Transporta-
ton seeks the cheapest routes, the ocean
commerce concentrates in the ports
where cargoes can be most economically
loaded and. discharged. california s sea-
ports have strong competitors in the
north; and IN order to hold the profitable
business we already enjoy and to com
n.and as much as possible of the new
commerce of the Pacific Ocean it is nee
essary to make the most of the opportuni-
ties offered by the harbor Of San Fran
cisco, and also Of other harbors on which
The San Francisco call., 1903-01-08
CHANGES IN TAX
LAWS SHOULD BE
GIVEN ATTENTION

THE present situation is such as TO
suggest a short review OF the recent
history Of our tax system. There IS
a general feeling that the State rev
enue system is not working SO well as
might be xpected-certainy not so we'll
as could be desired. This. perhaps. is not
surprising, and. at any rate. il is not
peculiar TO California. Two years ago
a special committee of the California
Senate made "A report on taxation. in
which it was said;
"FfOm Maine 10 Texas. and from Flor
ida to California. there is but one opinion
as TO the working Of the present system.
That is. that is is inequitable, unfair ana
positively unjust"
The particular subject under discussion
By the committee was the general prop
eItv tax. and il was considered from the
taxpayers point Of view. From that
standpoint as well as others It is msatis-
factory. In the case of California 10 has
.afIed to raise the revenue which. ~ a
fair rate ought 10 have been produced.
And the only conclusion Is that much
propertv escapes taxation. For long
time the State has been growing in
wealth even more rapidly than in popitist-
ton. as proved by the immense increase
in bank deposits, by the growth Of com
merciaI exchanges. by numerous heavy
Investments of capital and by the gen-
eral air of prosperity.
And vet assessOfs have been able to End
very little Of this newly created wealth.
The total assessment Cg property has re-
The San Francisco call., 1903-01-08
NO ROOM FOR CLASS DIVISION.

couragement, and that none Of them shall be sac
rifced to the others. But 1t should always be
borne in mind that labor has but little opportunity
to look after its welfare and, therefore, its
rights and privileges shorld be the carefully
guarded by the State But the rights and privi-
leges of all persons should be, and will be, pre-
served and guarded by the State so long
are true to the American ideal and any attempt 70
divide citizens into Glasses according to their
occupations to found political parties upon So
called social distinctions will be the first step
toward disntegration and downfall which have
been the fate of all nations that have entered
upon such course. Greece, Rome, the French EN-
pire all fell to pieces classes were reco~
nized in the state Their fate should always be
before eyes.
Prom Go0e,nor Pardee's Inaugural Add,rss.
The San Francisco call., 1903-01-08
COMMENDS STATE
UNIVERSITY TO
THE LAWMAKERS

%HE State university. our greatest
single educational institution, is in
z position where il is compelled TO
appeal for = more liberal provision
for its needs The people have been gen
erous 10 the university. But they have
imposed upon It demands which are, at
present. beyond its ability TO meet It has
been costing until very recently approx
mstely 500 600 10 support the university;
and. measured by results. no equal
amount Of money expended for any
other purpose produces greater bene-
fits. The higher education has ceased to
be regarded as an elegant accomplish
n1eut, or the possession Of merely the
fortunate few Thousands OF bright and
ambitious boys and girls, drawn from all
walks of life, look upon II as a necessary
part of their equipment for future work
and IL is no less remarkable how. in all
lines Of industry. the services OF univer-
sity-trained young men and women are
demanded. Science and practical bust
ness are coming every DAY more into
touch; and the university graduate is no
longer looked upon as an impractica bic,
useless member OF any community
The University Of California stands to-
dsv among the foremost Institutions Of
learning in the United States, II not the
world. Its graduates are holding posi-
fiOus or greatest trust and highest emOi-
umeuts and are looked upon, the world
over. as among the greatest authorities
in mining matters To our agricultural,
Horticultural and Viticultural interests the
University has rendered services Of the
greatest value. 1t has placed itself al the
disposal of the farmer the orchardist and
the vineyardist and has given them the
benefit of a scientific eXamins tion OF soils
and waters; II has helped them fight the
PESTS which threaten 10 destroy the pro-
ducts Of their toll: II has sent its repre-
Sentatives TO the Farmers Institutes and
placed at their disposal all the knowledge
mat scientific investigation has produced
2 he university has saved many millions
i1 tce State and has added many other
Hilions 10 our wealth.
The 2i0 students now at Berkeley have
iaNeo 20 the utmost the income so gener-
p'tsIy provided The room which was am
pc Tor half The number OF students is
iong since. overcrOwded. It is 10 be hoped
mat the legislature may see its way
dear 10 do something toward providing
eceinFnooauons and instruction adequate
- he army Of young people who are now
crowoing and overcrowding the class
rooms ~ Berkeley and making II neces-
Sary 10 resort 10 all manner of teunDc,ra r,
eNpeoients 10 provide for the overflow
I commend, therefore, the University NJ
california 10 the Legislature and besnea (
careful consideration of its needs
The San Francisco call., 1903-01-08

FOR EXHIBIT AT
BIG EXPOSITION

URING the next two years there
will be held two important expo
sitions of art and industry in
which it may be desirable that
California should be represented by such
exhibits of her products as will most
likely prove a benefit by attracting capi-
tai and the best class Of settlers. The
first of these is the Louisiana Purchase
Exposition, which will open in the city Of
St. Louis next year. and the other is the
Lewis and Clark Exposition. to be held
in Portland in 1905. The former VIII be
international in character and will equal
or exceed in scope any other exposition
held in this country: while the second is
OF great interest to California, because it
will be held in the leading commercial
CITY of the neighboring State of Oregon
1 recommend that a modest appropria-
ton be made under a law so framed that
il will be possible to secure the most judi
cious expenditure of the money and the
most efficient direction of the exhibit We
should try to profit by the experience al
ready gained by participation in several
expositions. to secure, by good manage
ment the largest measure of benefits with
the smallest expenditure of funds.
The San Francisco call., 1903-01-08
SUPREME COURT
UNABLE TO HEAR
CASES PROMPTLY

TN HE inability OF our Supreme Court
even with the help Of its assisting
commission, to hear and determine.
within a reasonable time, the
causes submitted to it. seems TO call for
prompt relief l therefore recommend
that the Legislature. after asking the ad-
vice and assistance OF the judiciary. en-
deavor to devise some better plan to be
submitted to the people in the form of a
amendment. in order that
justice may be sooner done and the eN-
penses of litigation may be Curtailed-
The San Francisco call., 1903-01-08
MORE HARBOR FACILITIES
ARE NECESSARY TO r1EET
REQUIREMENTS OF TRADE
Present Ballot System Is Unsatisfactory
and the Legislators Are Asked to
Make the Needed Changes.
Needs of the State University Are Steadily
Increasing and More Liberal Pro-
visions Are Suggested.

he in the business they have in hand.
Would it not be better TO have the state
election held two months earlier. say
about September first2 II this were done
the newly elected officials would have
four, instead OF two, months in which 10
study the situation and inform Themselves
on their new duties To do this would.
of course, require a constitutional amend
ment-
The San Francisco call., 1903-01-08
PRESENT SYSTEM
OF BALLOTING is
UNSATISFACTORY

" HE ballot law, which was adopted
In this State In the belief that II
would correct the evils which nre
vailed when the old party ballot
was used, has developed a weakness
which could not have been foreseen and
The San Francisco call., 1903-01-08
STATE TREASURY
Is FOUND TO BE
ABOUT DEPLETED
HAVE reserved tn the last a matter

I HAVE reserved till the last a matter
1 which holds a large responsibilities
4 for the Legislature and the Governor
as any other. and which calls for re-
newed serious consideration at each bi-
ennial session The maintenance Of 50
many State Institutions. boards and COM
missions renders the financial problem
troublesome one at all times. During the
next two years il is certain to be urusu-
ally difficult Briefly stated. the situation
is this: The tax bin passed by the last
Legislature provided a levy for the
general fund much smaller than is usual.
Although this rendered low tax rate
possible for the current year, which was
very agreeable to taxpayers, il VIII make
a serious drain upon the surplus which
mad been accommodating in the treasury
Tor some years Exactly what the con-
ditions are viii be made clearer by the
following figures which show the
amounts directed by law % be raised for
the general fund for each OF the LAST SIX
fiscal wears.
The San Francisco call., 1903-01-08

The cost of conducting the state gov
ernmsnt does not vary so much from year
70 year that the general fund levy can oe
reduced a million dollars I'm any one year
without causing the expenditures To eN-
Ceed the revenues The demands upon
the general fund I'm recent years have ez-
ceeded three million dollars ann sahy
And. even when receipts from ether
rOurces than taxation are added. the rev
enues of the year are stu bound TO be
exceeded by the expenditures, IL the levy
is no larger than 1t has been for The last
two years. and especially for tEe MY
fourth fiscal year
The present Legislature and the eNscu-
tive must face the serious fact tina, the
general fund will be almost depleted by
the end of the fiscal year. June 81, 1875.
and the new fiscal year viii commepce
with so small a balance that, between
July and December. before the taxes for
the coming year are paid in, the fund viii
be exhausted and it VIII be necessary TO
resort TO borrowing from other funds IN
order to pay the States creditors when
their claims mature. Later on, the
amounts so borrowed must be returned
TO the funds from which they were oor-
rOwed
Owing to the conditions just described
it IS inevitable that the levies for the gem
eral fund for the fifty-ffth and fifty-siXth
fiscal wears should be much larger than
the levy for the hfty-fourth- And State
taxes. therefore. Will be higher. 1t Is only
fair that IL should be distinctly under
stood in advance that this. however re-
grettable. cannot be avoided. and that Il
will be due, not TO any extravagance OF
the present Legislature. but to the policy
Of its predecessor in reducing the reve-
nt1es more than il reduced the expendI-
lures
In justice to the taxpayers. taxes can
not be raised above a certain figure. To
keep taxes within bounds, and, ar tbs
same time 10 rehabilitate the general
fund. il will be necessary fOr the Legisla-
ture 10 make sincere endeavOr TO
achieve economy by retrenchtng every
needless expense. The necessity for econ
onv is too plain 70 be questioned. and
while there are many Improvements IN
connection with the State institutions
which could be made with good effect
while. indeed. many Of them are so much
needed as 20 be really urgent-only so
many of them can be undertaken as can
be provided for by reasonable tax rate.
The San Francisco call., 1903-01-08
POLITICS SHOULD
NOT ENTER INTO
STATE ASYLUMS

- ALIFORNIA. probably on account
- her geographical position ana
- her fame land OF wealth and
easy conditions CT lie, which
serve as an attraction to the restless
The San Francisco call., 1903-01-08

ened in crime by enforced association
with those who are incapable Of reform.
The San Francisco call., 1903-01-08

+: : : 6 +; = = 4: ::
movement of industry. We may, there
FORE well deprecate the efforts of those who how
ever honest in their mistaken ZEAL would strive to
create classes among people, and who would
endeavor to array those who labor with their
hands against those whose livelihood is gained in
other ways. Under the American flag, with its
guaranty of equal rights, there is room for
classes. Labor without capital and intelligence
accomplish little and capital without labor
and intelligence is equally helpless. But labor,
capital and intelligence, all three working to
common end do all things 1t is the duty Of
the State to that each of the three
to our welfare shall be given protection and en-
The San Francisco call., 1903-01-08

our citizen soldiery be given due consider
alton and support by the Legislature.
The San Francisco call., 1903-01-08
NATIONAL GUARD
is RECOMMENDED
TO LEGISLATURE
HERE can be no doubt that stand
ing armies. such as are maintained

HERE can be no doubt that stand
ing armies such are maintained
by European countries, may be
menace to liberty, and certainly are
expensive and drag upon material pros
peritv. In our country they are not need
ed On the other hand, the Spanish-Amer
lean War has demonstrated the necessity
Of having a trained body OF men ready to
spr.ng to arms whenever necessity shall
demand. And the instant ease with which
the National Government was able TO put
into the field armies Of at least partially
trained soldiers proved beyond the ques-
fion of a doubt the necessity for an or
panization of State troops. through which
Masses percentage OF our young and pa
friotic citizens. 1t is idle to say that our
National Guard is of use. The gallant
service rendered by the First California
Volunteers, taken as n body from our Ma
tional Guard, to say nothing of those
other thousands who volunteered in other
commands for service in the Spanish
American War, refutes the accusation Of
useIessness. I. therefore, recommend that
q = o
Borah Leads in Idaho.
BOISE. Idaho, Jan. THE Republican
Senatorial caucus adjourned to-day after
taking five secret ballots. The last ballot
stood: Borah 19, Heiburn Is, Stanred 8,
Shoup 6.
The San Francisco call., 1903-01-08
STATE ELECTION
SHOULD BE HELD
EARLIER IN YEAR

A T present the Governor of Cslifor-
" mia g inducted into Office under
~ circumstances which greatly mill
tate against his efficiency. Elected
in November. he goes into Office early in
January. only two months afterward
Unable. in this short space OF time. to
gain the mastery of the intrica cies of SO
great and complicated a business as is
presented to him by the manifold affairs
Of the State; unable even to visit. much
less to study, the many State institutions
abuses in any OF the many departments
precluded from informing himself in any
satisfactory manner as to the needs of or
of the State government the Governor.
as his first official duty. finds himself face
to face with a Legislature. most OF the
members Of which are as inexperienced
The San Francisco call., 1903-01-08

Continued on Page 6. Column 8.
The San Francisco call., 1903-01-08

-HE State university. our greatest
single educational institution, is in
position where il is compelled TO
The National tribune. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1877-1917, 1903-12-17

West, clad as civilian, rode some 80
yards behind MOrgaE's squad; close behind
West came four other men in Confederate
uniform; behind these, but almost half a
mile away, rode Mosby, ever Active in i'm
proving and preserving order.
.
A train of 40 wagons was on its way
from Alexandria to Warrenton, with sup
plies for Gen. Meade's army, under the
protection of squadron of cavalry. The
first night there had been a halt at Fair
FAX, where there was q strong force; now
the train was two days out from Alex
andria; by noon of the next day 1t
would be safe in Warrenton. The ground
where the wagons had been parked was of
irregular shape-a stream flowing In II
loop ut the east, stream with steep
banks, within the loop an excellent GROUND
for the protection of the train. On the far
side of the creek pickets had been posted,
the main body of cavalry being held lit
tie to the right of the Warrenton Pike,
pickets north and south of the road, west
also, in the woods. There was but the
minimum of apprehension, for the force
was sufficient to overpower any gang of
bushwhackers that might be supposed to
infest the mountains, while Stuart's en-
tire division of cavalry was known to be
south of the Rnppahannock; as for Mos
by, he had been heard of beyond the Blue
Ridge only the day before.
The fires, kindled for cooking only, had
long since died out, but in the open the
white covers of. the wagons were distinct
in the starlight. Right of the road were