The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1903-03-01

Of religion and rigorous social laws had
been lost when those rules and laws came
to be lightly esteemed; when the harems
of the Moslems were filled with native
women; when Hind, os who nominally pro-
fessed Islam were promoted to high office,
and when. In short, the N hammodan
domination had become the rule OF the
half-caste. The SUCCESSORS Of the Sayyids.
the Lodi Afghans. showed at hrst energy
and wisdom. but they failed TO reestablish
the power Of Delhi. That task was reserved
for Babar. the ruler Of Cabul, In whose
veins was mixed the blood Of the two great
scourgcs Of Asia. Mongol and Turk, ,hengiz
and Timur, who, TO the restlessness and
daring Of the Nomad Tatar. Joined the
culture and ,irbanity Of the Persian. Him
self q soldier Of fortune and no architect
Of empire he yet laid the nrst stone OF the
fabric which his grandson Akbar was to
complete.
II was In November. 1925. that Bsbar
cot out on his final invasion Of India. and
six months later. the decisive ba tie was
fought on the plain Of Panipat. the historic
site whore the throne Of India has been
thrice won. After Babars victory detach-
msnts were at once despatched TO occupy
Delhi and Agra, and on April 81, 1875, prayers
were said in the mosque OF the cApt~i ~
the name Of the new Emperor, the hrt Oh
the .0reat Moguls.' Babar was now MASTER
OF Delhi, but not yet sovereign OF HIND os.eh'
much less OF India. In March, 1877 now
ever, he met and defeated at kAnwaha .
confederation Of the Rajput primes
to be noted that In both OF these battles
L.. MI n
role In May, 1870, Bengal, which had peeh
independent under m Afghan oynAsVy'
was subdued. Thus In three battles bAoar
His empire, however, was rather ooneeries
Of little States under one suserain than q
centralized and uniformly governed klnk-
dom. This Ia evident from the ANA VI,
which, according TO his memoirs announces
TO only si,'ooo 600 yer: wS Sis Grandson
Akbar drew from the same source, though
over a considerably larger area. more IMAM
Babsr died at Agra At the age OF ~, IN
December, 1880. II lie evident irom . M
70 his own land. The country And towns
Of Hindostan.- he wr1tee. are extremely
ualy All its cities and lands have Q UNI
form look; IT. Rardens have no WALLS. the
greater part Of the country Is level pam.
He found the plains nonotonous Gter .nS
moa%tsn or sSsn q fsrsh.ns HindO-
stan. ne adds, .is Q country that has few
nlsa.,,ree TO recommend It. Tho people
Are not handsome. They have no idsn OF
the charms Of friendly society. Iney
have no s.o,Hs: no mt feSns.. or fslow
feeling, no Ingenuity or rnechaniosi tnven-
tion In MANNING or executing their handi-
orafts, no skill or knowledge In deelgn or
architecture. They have no good norses'
no good meat, no srapes or l mu ..1%, me-
rood food or bread In their bazaars, no
baths, or colleges, or candles, or torches
never a candlestiok.' On the whole TO
him the chief excellency 81 Hindostan ny
in the fact that It was q big country with
plenty Of gold and silver.
able TO keen what had been won, or 70 make
head against sher Shah Khan. the sultan
~ Beneal. and In May. 1870. the htter'e
victory put an end for time 70 the Noeui
Empire. Thencsforth for fifteen years
HumAyun I'd the NE Of Z fugitive, y ho sne
TSSn~hiie shsr 8hah had reduced the
erestsr part Of Hndostan 70 submission.
snd au6ohf the Moslesns there was aus
NATION 70 hall the Accession o. % Aifnan
King born In India. He wes kined 70 ieSe,
however. during IN attempt 70 suooue tne
, h;s nsuSSx Nss expelled from Delhi By
HuuoayIIn. who had descended from Cabul
-ith * ZOO horte. About SIX months later.
Humsvun died In his forty ninth var.
A. his tomb three oenturtls later, ne last
q the Aosd k%psf9HI od. sns 4 Eaa snen
Horss. and the old mans worthless sons
nSid the penalty Of their traachery..
The iolr reign Of Akbar, which lasted
from 1853 70 iSds has been dspicted = the
Golden are Of ths Mogui Empire: It wss,
IN reality, but The oeginnine q the Pssiod
troSs wssr Of Aurangaib. There Is no
doubt that Akbar wss the true founder and
orsanixer OF the empire, but hard strug-
ia Vas bsfore him efW he could call himself
kinS even OF Delhi. There was 10 sudden
and miraculous submlsson 70 boy OF thir-
teen Al The time o. hn aoSss $40 .ne only
vera the Pnjab and Debit IN the north,
which were the fruits Of has fathers vic-
torv In the prsosdinG year. An Afghan
dynasty stiil hs.d DsnGI and the 0snges
valley the RAjputs wsre ndependsof IN
western Aindoetsn, ana hers wsrs N
rate pnnclpsltlss III over The country.
Bsmssl va not conquered befors iS1s,
and 0uiarst, though occupied three years
eariier. had to BE- rstaksn In 1854. The
stronsboId Of Chitor was stornsd 10 1851,
but not UntSl lbT1 WIZ tuo AoJpuSS uu84y
brousht under Akbax's sway. Among the
outiyins provinces KAshmlr did not be-
corns part Of the smPirs uatl 1851. Orse
In $50 sind in asa. Ksndahar IN iset, and
oniv 4 ANAL portion Of the Dscoan IVES
snnsxAd In Akbar's hie.
II = not surprising that - English posS
hss consLdered that b could not sulosfss
ths BritIsh rule In India more highly thAn
by sasertins that Il he's sdoptsd ths prin-
clplss Of sovernmept foruaulatsd and sp-
piisd by AkbAr. An almost immediate
rcsuit OF Akbar's marriage vtth kAjpyt
prinosus NJ tbs sbolitson On its1 OF ths
polI TAI which NohammsdAn conQusroTs
Rad always lsyasd upsn unhslisvsrs In
aooordanos With the lsv OF IsiAm. His
nsrt sCt Vas 70 discouttnus ths tAs upon
Hiodoo pllrims. % The erovnd that. how
ever pseSaittes.a ~ 4ss Of an inedsi's
pilEhmsoS alVhA b. u vee vveal - p,sns
any osslzslS V tAs vsy Of . maze ssruqe
70 ood. 10 pore peeulas nsesvsss could
nsssj - SoMs hssvpy - IL psoT cad
- s:: 800: >: 3. ,.s g; !. Z. ' II:
81 X0rsaGslb tn iasss tkAs seCSlas
- sDs:sss ~ 80: ss.si $1,000 sss
. s,sSs:t, 49, !. 81 49,. so . s H.:
;;is:..S.s7ssE1Is:: =. 81