davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Goodland republic. [volume] (Goodland, Kan.) 1891-1907, 1903-05-01


not be moved eastward without the
alarm which it would cause the No
hammedan pOpulace.
Bosnia and Herzegovina, which
Austria occupies militsTily under the
treaty Of Berlin. are growing danger
ousIy excited. Men are secretly arm
ing and smuggling arms and ammuni-
ton from Montenegro II is feared
they contemplate an armed emigTa-
gent AIbanians.
Although affairs at NitrOyitza and
Prisptina are reported to be calmeT,
the rising of the Albanians in those dis
tricts creates intense concern at the
palace, among the ministers and at
the embassies.
1t is felt that q continuation Of the
troubles in the vicinity Of NOyi-Bazar
is liable to lead at any moment to an
extension of Austrian occupation
over the entire district. although it is
believed that nothing short OF absO-
lutte necessity will induce Austria to
take advantage Of this right. which
is reserved to her by the treaty Of
Berlin.
According to a dispatch from Con
stantinOple the Austrian. Russian and
British ambassadors have had audi
ences Of the sultan, on whom they
impressed the necessity of suppress
ing the Albanian agitation. The sui
tan informed them that in the event
of the failure OF the pacifcatory mis-
sion that he had dispatched TO Al
bania, he would take measures for
the military occupation Of the dis
,urbed region
The Goodland republic. [volume] (Goodland, Kan.) 1891-1907, 1903-05-01
RUSSIA AND TURKEY
MAY SOON BE ENGAGED
I'm DEATH STRUGGLE
The Outrages So Long Endured in Macedonia
to Be Aven eed-War Regarded as Pos
sibIe in Near Future.

Austria has modified three army
corps at Agram, TarajerO, and Temes-
var, and is holding them in readi-
ness for the occupation Of MitrOvitza,
in European Turkey, according to a
dispatch to the London Daily Mail
from Vienna
The Austrian officials are embar-
raised, however. because these
troops are not fitted for mountain
campaigning, such as would be in
eEitabIe in the event OF their being
required in the Balkans
The Bosnian and TyroIese regi-
ments would be suitable for such
purposes, but the former consists
mainly Of Mohammedans, therefore
cannot be used, and the latter can
The Goodland republic. [volume] (Goodland, Kan.) 1891-1907, 1903-05-01

through the long list Of impOrtan,
journals, have changed their tone il
reference to the present Balkan stu.
alton, has excited widespread wonder
and can only be explained on the
ground that Russia is preparing for
war with the Turk.
For weeks all the papers had been
cOndemning in the bitterest Of Ian
guage the inhumsn brutality Of the
sultan for his federation Of the out
RACES being perpetrated by his sol
diers in Macedonia
But now all is changed. The pa
pers are milder in tone, there is less
hostile criticism, and hopes for a
peaceful settlement Of the whole
question are expressed
The Goodland republic. [volume] (Goodland, Kan.) 1891-1907, 1903-05-01

Seed sowing is a delicate operation
and mus the done carefully. or there
viii be sorry failures. The seed OF
many kinds of plants is so fine that
IL viii fail TO germinate II covered
deeply.-in fact. II does not require any
covering In sowing Petunias. POrtu-
lacas. and others Of that class 1 would
scatter the seed on the soil. which
should. Of course be as mellow as pos
sibie before entrusting seed 20 IL. and
then 90 over the Der With a smooth
board and press the soil down firmly.
This forces the seed into the earth and
makes the soil so compact that 10 viii
retain all the moisture necessary 70
bring about termination Larger seed
can be covered lightly By sitting fine
soil over IL. after which the pressing
board should be used II YOU want the
seed you use to grow. never bury IL at
the bottom OF a furrow. after the man
ner OF the market-Eardener- The seed
Of his plants is quite unlike that which
YOU make use Of in the flower garden.
and can stand a treatment which the
other can not
I have made a practice Of late years
rather than in the large beds. where
my plants are TO grow in summer. I
find that this saves a good deal OF
work. because IL can be concentrated
on the bit Of ground given up 70 the
production OF seedlings. Here I grow
until they are large enough 70 trans
plant--Eben E Rexford. in April Lip
pincOtt's Magazine.
The Goodland republic. [volume] (Goodland, Kan.) 1891-1907, 1903-05-01
Noai. As a Finsneier.

At a society inner last year the Rev.
Theodore l. Cuyler contributed TO the
fun Of the evening BY prOpounding this
cOnundrum: Why was Noah the great
est fnancier Of his timer" No one was
able TO answed. Sc he gave his fellow
diners a year TO think II over This
year Dr. Cuyler was unable to attend
the dinner. but he telegTaphed this an
swer: Noah was able TO float a stock
company at a time when all his con-
tempOraries were forced into inyOlun-
tary liquidation"
The Goodland republic. [volume] (Goodland, Kan.) 1891-1907, 1903-05-01
Map of Territory in Which Fighting May Occur,
Judaes serve q Terms.

Judge John ]. Jackson Of the north
ern district of West Virginia, has
served the United States in a judicial
capacity longer than any other Judge
in the country. He was appointed to
his present office on Aug. 3, 1861, and
viii soon have served fOrty-twO
years. This record has no equal
Next to Judge Jackson in point OF long
service on the district bench are
Judges James W. Locke. southern
district Of Florida, appointed Feb. l.
1872; HOyt H Wheeler Of Vermont,
appointed March 10, 1877. and Moses
HalIett Of Colorado, appointed Jan
-, 1877 Judge Eli S. Hammond Of
the western district Of Tennessee
was appointed June II, 1873, and
Judge Romano Bum Of the western
district of Wisconsin Oct 80, 1877.
The Goodland republic. [volume] (Goodland, Kan.) 1891-1907, 1903-05-01

trying to bite through the steel plated
mass. but lovey who is watching him
snxiOusly. sees only the smile and is
BndeceiTed- II II were not for the
smile, Mr.. TOuRghusband's face would
show plainly that what he is really
thinking is Say, is she doing this
on q bet or Ehat2 wish she would
break this cake up with a rock drill
and then soak the pieces for two years
IN acid might be able to get q bite
then But the smile Is al sweet
TaciOusness and lOvey marmurs de
lightedIy TO herself. -Oh, how he en-
joys that cake. I an 50 glad went
to cooking school
When a nan goes 10 call where there
Is an asserti-e infant he must be ready
TO put on @iIh great rapidity one Of
three OF four brands Of smile adapted
@ such emergencies One Of these
The Goodland republic. [volume] (Goodland, Kan.) 1891-1907, 1903-05-01
-. So . RiexeIist.

When on a cruise Capt. Charles L.
Sigsbee, T. S N, always takes a b.
cycle with him and has had the pleas
ure of wheeling in nearly all the civil
lied countries Of the world. When
the Inflated Maine was sunk in the
harbOr Of Havana in 1898 Capt. Sfgs-
Dee, who commanded the vessel then
had on board a bicycle, which went to
the bottom with the ship. A few
weeks later divers working in the
sunken vessel came across this wheel
which they brought TO the surface
and later II was exhibited as not the
least interesting Of the Names relics.
Capt Sigsbee is still an enthusiast.
The Goodland republic. [volume] (Goodland, Kan.) 1891-1907, 1903-05-01
- - go -.

James A Dumont, the retiring
supervising inspector general OF
steamboats, at Washington, aas serv-
ed in that position for twenty-seFen
consecutive years, under eight Presi-
dents and through four political
changes Of administration The
steamboat inspection law had been in
operation i've years when he became
the head Of the bureau. but he had
had I've predecessors.
The Goodland republic. [volume] (Goodland, Kan.) 1891-1907, 1903-05-01
II leads adown umbrageous afsIes.

Il leads adown outrageous aisles.
Through banks Of bending ferns.
Where wOOd-blOoms spill their fra.
grant smii0s
From out their cloistra1 urns-
Shy hermit-creatures haunt its shades
Where calm and GOODNESS are.
Whether the day its depths invades,
Or nights clear zenith star.
And he who tenderly intrudes
Thereafter viii divine
Faun-lOre and wilding dryad-mOOds,
And secret sibyllinet
From Country Life in America
The Goodland republic. [volume] (Goodland, Kan.) 1891-1907, 1903-05-01

Prince Imra, younger brother Of the
sultan Of Sulu. has. at his own and
his fathers request. become the
adopted son Of Col Owen J. Sweet OF
the Twenty-eighth United States in
fantry. The young prince is nov in
Boston with the cOlOners family
The Goodland republic. [volume] (Goodland, Kan.) 1891-1907, 1903-05-01

smiles is when the precious darling
climbs up into his lap and puts one
greasy hand on his new necktie. When
the discovery is made that the infant
is using his hat for a ship In the bath
tub he must assume the second sort
OF smile provided BY custom and long
usage for this particular case
There is the sickly smile for use
The Goodland republic. [volume] (Goodland, Kan.) 1891-1907, 1903-05-01

Courts declare that the pedestrian
has the right of way on a street
crossing. Nevertheless, when the
pedestrian sees-a- fulEsized trolley car
preparing to dispute the point It IS
discreet policy on his part to waive
the right
The Goodland republic. [volume] (Goodland, Kan.) 1891-1907, 1903-05-01

WIZ SAIfeEHIs
by the person who steps on a banana
peel and hits the pavement a resound-
ing whack in the presence Of a large
and well pleased concOurse- Then
there is the smile Of the man who
calls TO take a young woman out rid
ing in an automobile and who is IN
able to make the obstinate thing
bulge. The whole family. and after
awhile the entire neighbOrhOOd, Of
fer suggestions and the young man
would be sure to betray a lamentable
early training. but a sweet smile saves
him.-Chicago Tribune.
The Goodland republic. [volume] (Goodland, Kan.) 1891-1907, 1903-05-01

In speaking of Gov. Francis as a
'publiciticians, Richard Watson
Glider has given the photographers
some encouragement to bring out a
new edition Of the dictionaries.
The Goodland republic. [volume] (Goodland, Kan.) 1891-1907, 1903-05-01

SPANS minister of marine has pre-
scented his estimates Of this years ex-
penses for building warships- SPANS
navy has this advantage: It will be
composed of brand new and up-to-date
vessels
The Goodland republic. [volume] (Goodland, Kan.) 1891-1907, 1903-05-01
Evil Of Bachelor Life

Star, registrar-genersl OF vital sta
tistics for Scotland. declared his
opinion that bachelor life was more
destructive 70 males than the most
unwhOlesOme trade or the most IN.
sanitary surroundings
The Goodland republic. [volume] (Goodland, Kan.) 1891-1907, 1903-05-01

Young John D. Rockefeller is dis
tributing gold pieces among the poor
people of Mexico. Perhaps he has
found that the starving Mexicans IN
derstand his gold pieces better than
his kind words.
The Goodland republic. [volume] (Goodland, Kan.) 1891-1907, 1903-05-01
Laramie Has Woman Undertake..

Mrs Annie Rosenberg. Of Laramie,
WyO-. is the only woman undertaken
in the Rocky mountain region. She
holds a certificate Of competency from
the Colorado Board Of Health. hav-
ing first engaged in business in that
state.
The Goodland republic. [volume] (Goodland, Kan.) 1891-1907, 1903-05-01

The woman who has petitiOned the
mayor of WiIkesbarre for a curfew
ordinance compelling married men to
be home at midnight has an exag-
gerated idea Of the power Of the law.
The Goodland republic. [volume] (Goodland, Kan.) 1891-1907, 1903-05-01

The new Pennsylvania railway sta
ton in New York will settle ali dis
putes as to which is the largest sta
ton in the world. 1t will be twice as
big as any other.
The Goodland republic. [volume] (Goodland, Kan.) 1891-1907, 1903-05-01

Every atom is composed OF positive
and negative electrOns. OF Esgrant
electric charges, in space Just how
much a charge exists in space or
what its mechanism is does not ret
appear.
The Goodland republic. [volume] (Goodland, Kan.) 1891-1907, 1903-05-01

Gustav Salary. a French playwright,
committed suicide the other day be
cause he found it impossible. owing
to the meanness of the managers, to
live up to his name.
The Goodland republic. [volume] (Goodland, Kan.) 1891-1907, 1903-05-01

The arrival in this country of the
new Chinese minister. Sir LANG Tung
Chen, Sir LANG Hung Chen and Sir
Chen Tung Liang-Cheng, would seem
to suggest an arbitration commission
to- decide as 10 the. best. way to spell
him.
The Goodland republic. [volume] (Goodland, Kan.) 1891-1907, 1903-05-01

After all he said about America
cooking DR.. LOrcnz is to pay the
haps he will bring his sauerkraut and
bIutwurst along with him.
The Goodland republic. [volume] (Goodland, Kan.) 1891-1907, 1903-05-01

The lake divers have struck at
Cleveland for $40 a day. There is
likely. to be considerable trouble in
getting green men to ill the places
Of the divers who dive no more.
The Goodland republic. [volume] (Goodland, Kan.) 1891-1907, 1903-05-01
Electrical Energy for Toronto.

An offer has been made BY the Ham
ntOn and Lake Erie Power company
TO the mayor Of Toronto 20 deliver
10000 horse power Of electrical en-
cry in Toronto at $50 per horse
power a year
The Goodland republic. [volume] (Goodland, Kan.) 1891-1907, 1903-05-01
Friend Of John Brown Dead.

]. Madison Bell, generally known
as The Singer Of the Maumee,1 has
just died in Chicago He was born
in 1926. was friend Of John Brown
and a delegate at large to the ma
tional convention that nominated
Grant
The Goodland republic. [volume] (Goodland, Kan.) 1891-1907, 1903-05-01

In this world there are only the
sails of heredity, there are only the
winds of environment; yet can the
helmsman steer toward whatever port
he will.
The Goodland republic. [volume] (Goodland, Kan.) 1891-1907, 1903-05-01

Excluding new editions and text
books. there are 1000 or 1000 books
published in this country every year
Fortunately most of them are not
worth reading
The Goodland republic. [volume] (Goodland, Kan.) 1891-1907, 1903-05-01

A Connecticut man killed himself to
avoid a surgical operation This is a
case in which the remedy and the dis
ease seem to be quits
The Goodland republic. [volume] (Goodland, Kan.) 1891-1907, 1903-05-01

Mr. Carnegie Is now begging to be
allowed to give his money away. The
trials Of some of our millionaire phil
anthropists are becoming pitiabIe in
the extreme H9N willingly We should
help Mr.. Carnegie If he would only
give US a chance.
The Goodland republic. [volume] (Goodland, Kan.) 1891-1907, 1903-05-01

Surely it is only in France that law
makers would need certificates of at
tendance at an alI-night session to
make it reasonably safe for them to
go home.
The Goodland republic. [volume] (Goodland, Kan.) 1891-1907, 1903-05-01

The Oxford press turns out from
80 to 40 Bibles every minute in work
ing hours. but it is hard to realize the
fact in some parts Of darkest Lon
DON
The Goodland republic. [volume] (Goodland, Kan.) 1891-1907, 1903-05-01

There are many things about that
Buffalo mystery that could only be
explained by Mr.. Pencil.
The Goodland republic. [volume] (Goodland, Kan.) 1891-1907, 1903-05-01

The death Of a Chicago millionaire
serves to recall the fact that he was
Mrs. Leslie Carriers angel, without
whose assistance she might never
have achieved success on the stage.
As HuckleberFy Finn remarks, a good
deed ain't never forgot
The Goodland republic. [volume] (Goodland, Kan.) 1891-1907, 1903-05-01

It may yet come to pass that in or
der to be an autCmObilist in good
standing one shall first have to be
killed in France.
The Goodland republic. [volume] (Goodland, Kan.) 1891-1907, 1903-05-01

A magazine writer says that Massa-
chusetts does the thinking for the
United States. What a thOughtless
people we must be as a whole!
The Goodland republic. [volume] (Goodland, Kan.) 1891-1907, 1903-05-01

Since the cable has been laid to
Honolulu not many things appear to
be happening over there that are
worth 10 cents a word.
The Goodland republic. [volume] (Goodland, Kan.) 1891-1907, 1903-05-01

Would you live your life over
again? That is the latest New York
Sun cOnundrum. The majority Of the
answers are in the negative.
The Goodland republic. [volume] (Goodland, Kan.) 1891-1907, 1903-05-01

As a result Of the prize fight in
San Francisco recently the other Cor
bett is still talking.
The Goodland republic. [volume] (Goodland, Kan.) 1891-1907, 1903-05-01

Nicholas Il has decreed religious
freedom in Russia. Next thing you
know the car viii be running on a
reform ticket
The Goodland republic. [volume] (Goodland, Kan.) 1891-1907, 1903-05-01

Under the old blue law in Pennsyl-
vania it is unlawful for a man to kiss
his wife on Sunday-but the law stops
there.
The Goodland republic. [volume] (Goodland, Kan.) 1891-1907, 1903-05-01

Contractors are still remembering
the Maine, for every little while they
want some one to let them raise il.
The Goodland republic. [volume] (Goodland, Kan.) 1891-1907, 1903-05-01

Practical politicians have to get
pretty mad before they begin telling
the truth.
The Goodland republic. [volume] (Goodland, Kan.) 1891-1907, 1903-05-01

The poets continue to get there. A
French one has pinked his man in a
due3
The Goodland republic. [volume] (Goodland, Kan.) 1891-1907, 1903-05-01

When fortune knocks az the door
some people don't answer for fear
might be a collector.
The Goodland republic. [volume] (Goodland, Kan.) 1891-1907, 1903-05-01

In the last two years one in eight
Of ali deaths in Chicago have been
from lung fever.
The Goodland republic. [volume] (Goodland, Kan.) 1891-1907, 1903-05-01

The oyster IS one creature in al the
world that doesn't look forward eager
y 20 an opening
The Goodland republic. [volume] (Goodland, Kan.) 1891-1907, 1903-05-01

Don't judge people by their clothes
unless you see the family wash out on
the lire
The Goodland republic. [volume] (Goodland, Kan.) 1891-1907, 1903-05-01

Paris appears to Ike American gas
Vel, we have plenty OF it to spare.
The Goodland republic. [volume] (Goodland, Kan.) 1891-1907, 1903-05-01

8lr. Softleigh--AH 1 can offer you
is love in a cottagef" Miss F7atdBeli-
er-"How delightful Then there won't
ben any jauitoT. wiz Lherez"
The Goodland republic. [volume] (Goodland, Kan.) 1891-1907, 1903-05-01

The Rev John S. Lyon at the din
ner Of the Paper Manufactures asso-
citation in New York. spoke Of a friend
who received a letter from one Of his
Pensioners. which read Ny. DeaE
Pastor I have been sick for two
months and have not been able 10 hear
your excellent sermons. which has been
q great comfort 20 me"
The Goodland republic. [volume] (Goodland, Kan.) 1891-1907, 1903-05-01

Russia Preparing to Act
The mysterious manner in which
the newspapers of St Petersburg,
from the official Gazette down
The Goodland republic. [volume] (Goodland, Kan.) 1891-1907, 1903-05-01

bye
The Goodland republic. [volume] (Goodland, Kan.) 1891-1907, 1903-05-01

With eggs at Lenten prices the her
should certainly Know the lay Of ths
land
The Goodland republic. [volume] (Goodland, Kan.) 1891-1907, 1903-05-01

very often the hardests things q
keep are pr0mises-
The Goodland republic. [volume] (Goodland, Kan.) 1891-1907, 1903-05-01
SOFEE SMILES THAT MASK
VARIETY OF EMOTIONS


The Best Method Yet Devise5 r Concealiag Thou0hs-
Different Brands ir Use IN Emergencies We Al Are
Farafiiar With
The Goodland republic. [volume] (Goodland, Kan.) 1891-1907, 1903-05-01

Few Eoslems in Bulgaria
But "a per cent OF the people q
Bulgaria are A0siems.
The Goodland republic. [volume] (Goodland, Kan.) 1891-1907, 1903-05-01

The submarine cables. II joined
would reach to the moon
The Goodland republic. [volume] (Goodland, Kan.) 1891-1907, 1903-05-01

Once more it is up to Father-inlaw
Zimmerman
The Goodland republic. [volume] (Goodland, Kan.) 1891-1907, 1903-05-01
Macedonians.

N Of Sofa. where Macedouians have
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1903-12-03
Less i-lt-
Bankers posted rates were

DOMESTIC EXCHANGE. - New OrIeans-Com-
mercial. 81 p discount; bank, par. San Francisco
Sight. 2lzc; telegraph, sc. Boston-5c premium
Charleston Buying. 1-16c discount, selling Lice
premium. Chicago-Par bid. Cincinnati-2Nc dis
count. Savannah-Buyng. SOC discount; selling
75c premium. St. Louis-25c discount. MINNEAPOLIS
-60c premium.
BANK CLEARINGs. - New York-Exchanges,
Se6sf46s65; balances. So 6O399S Observation-Disclosures
S25c19.673; balances. A.67SS62. Chicago-Exchanges
$32149766; balances. $2O4l, $50 Philadelphia Elk
changes-s24 57O34T balances s., ISL 493 Baltimore
Exchanges, $4.74z.491; balances. S71s2sO.
FOREIGN MONEY MARKET-Can money in
London, $QS12 per cent Open market discount
rate for short bills, per cent: for long bills 1916
al per cent. Berlin discount rate. ga per cent
Berlin exchange on London, 20 marks 46l5 pfennigs
Paris discount rate 2% per cent. Paris exchange
on London. . francs 70 centimes.
FOREIGN SECURITIES. - British consols for
money. So lis for the account, SO SIS; French
rentes. IS francs 70 centimes.
THE SILVER MARKET.-Bar silver. 5szc; Mex
lean silver dollars, 434c. Bar silver in London
closed at 26 7-16d.
GOLD PREAfIUM-In Madrid. 1892; Lisbon % 80
GOVERNMENT MISREPRESENTATION receipts
reported from Washington 81 O32 Oh; internal rev
enue receipts, $829S51; miscellaneous receipts S23
1s9 Receipts for the day. 81 9S5111; expenditures
81 600 Receipts for the month to date 50 93 163
expenditures. $4,000; excess OF receipts s33 1873
Receipts for the year to date $23s O 044; expendi
lures 2400S5S05; excess Of expenditures O92 761
SUB-TREASURY-The Sub-Treasury was debtor
10 the Clearing House S375 900
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1903-12-03
OUTSIDE SECURITIES.

The outside securities market was almost entirely
given over To Greene Consolidated Copper Else
where in the list transactions fell of. while the
price movements were irregular although the gen
eral tone was firm. Renewed liquidation in Greene
Consolidated Copper set in at the opening. Heavy
offerings broke the price a low record at 1oss.
bur shortly after noon support was in evidence
causing a rally to 1Ile Renewed pressure was
brought to bear and the price broke lis. Ten
neSsee Copper, on inside buying, gained r2 per
cent Northern Securities was strong and slightly
more active Havana Tobacco common gained
reaTly per cent Electric Boat shares were
strong Electric Vehicle common firm. Inter
national Mercantile Marine shares were slightly
lower. Bonds dull. but steady.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1903-12-03
NOVEMBER FAILURES.

r. G. Dun Co report l.l62 commercial failures
in the United States in November with liahilitios
OF SIC 1890 The report compares very unfayorablv
with the corresponding month in preceding wears
but shows encouraging Improvement over the fan
record of October. In the same month les+
year the failures numbered 100 and the an,our,
involved was only $9.276,16. In addition n m.
strictly commercial insovencies this year there
Eera fifteen hduciarv suspensions involving a.
05s SOL against only four in the corresponding uonh
ast year, when liza bilies Sl57 1863. In this re-
spect. also. the statement was very much more
satisfactory than IN the month previous, par
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1903-12-03
THE DAYS OPERATIONS IN BONDS.
GOVERNMENT BoNDs-Market firm. Final
quotations follow

RAILROAD BONDs-Market irregular Total
heles amounted in par value 10 50 100000 AGAINST
Aa'eosooo on Tuesday. The heaviest dealings were
IN the Atchison general As Atlantic Coast Line Is
baltimore and Ohio gold As Chicago and Alton as
chicago Burlington and Quincy Is, Chicago. Porl,
Island and Pacific Railroad IS and collateral trust
bs, Green Bay and Western debenture Bs Mexican
Contra! hrst incomes, Northern Pacific * and A.
Oregon Short Line IS. Pennsylvania cort-ert,17ic,
3lss. Reading general IS, ST. Louis Soufbwasfer-
consolidated IS. Union Pacific first and ~
IS and wabash debentuTe Bs. Colorado F'I5ei I'D
Iron convertible Is, Consolidated Tobacco IS SAD
ard Rope and Irvine incomes and limited So.
Steel IS were also active. ''s