davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1903-10-03
FIERCE RAILROAD WAR
Grand Trunk and Canadian Pae1Ao
In Bitter struggle for Control :.
Of Government.


Sir Thomas Shaughnessy is one Of the
most potent political forces in Canada
to-day. His predecessor as president Of
the Canadian Pacific railroad, also an
American, Sir William Van Horne, ex-
erted his influence without opposition
and hence did not come into the lime
light Of publicity.
The announcement Of Sir Wilfrid
Laurier's cabinet that 1t would build .
line from Moncton, N. B.. to Winnipeg
and lease it to the Grand Trunk railway
for so years is an open notification to Sir
Thomas as the head Of the Canadian Pa
cific railway that the government Of
Canada proposes to cut loose from his
influence and ally itself with Charles N.
Hays, another American, and his Grand
Trunk railway following.
From now On Sir Thomas Shaughnessy
will support the conservative party with
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1903-10-03
BLOCK AND TACKLE.


Familiar as many people are with =
block and tackle, 1t is not everyone who
understands the principle on which that
apparatus works, or why any advantage
can be derived from its use. Hence, a
short explanation is permissible. says
the New York Tribune.
It may be explained. to begin with,
that the chief benefit comes from null
tiplication of pulleys. nonly one pulley
be used. there may be some increase OF
convenience, but nothing is gained in
power. Suppose, for instance, that from
point above and outside an open VIM
dow be secured a single pulley, over
which rope is run, SO that both ends
touch the ground. Let heavy object
be attached to one, and let man pull
down on the other. II the object weighs
more than the man. he cannot start it.
1t 1t weighs less, he can. For every one
foot Of descent at his end, the attached
burden will ascend exactly the same dis
lance. The lifting force s1erted on 1t Is
equal to the pulling force at the other
end; that is, theoretically. This may be
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1903-10-03
WILL BE CHANCELLOR.
vived by Russian Csar for n.
sergius de Witte.

The ferment Of Russian life. with ito
many difficult problems Of administers
ton and government, has been too much
for the car, OF late. and 1t Is now re-
ported that he has decided to make M.
de Witte chancellor Of the empires
position which has not existed for . con-
siderable period. With Lamsdorff
dominating foreign relations. Plehwe
controlling in interior affairs with .
high hand and doubtful wisdom, and
the procurator Of the Holy synod manag-
ing his great department with practical
independence; White in control Of imam
cial affairs, lKouropatkin at the head Of
the great army system. and still other
services Of the empire separately man-
aged and In the hands OF strong, ex-
perienced and ambitious men-th0
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1903-10-03
MOTOR VERSUS CARRIAGE.
Scientific Argument I'm Favor Of Au-
tOmObile Supported by Authen.
tic Diagram.

Persons disposed to call In question
the easy-riding qualities Of automobiles
have their opinions disputed by the fol-
lowing from Automobile Welt, as trans
lated for Popular Mechanics:
There is the motor IN the front Of
the machine, with its easy, elastic vibra-
tons. The vehicle itself swings with It,
but so softly that you don't notice it un-
less it stands still. When going, these
vibrations actually reduce the shocks
from rough road, which, with horse
drawn wagon, hit the body suddenly and
harshly. throwing it from one SIDE to
another. hard and rude, even IL the
wagon has good springs. The motor
vehicle has not only good springs, but
also lower center of gravity, besides
pneumatic tires, by all of which the
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1903-10-03
ABOUT PATENT LEATHER.
tare Are Guarded Very Care
fully from the Public.

Patent leather has become a feature
in the leather world, and it's making has
assumed considerable proportions here.
abouts. Peabody is probably the largest
patent leather manufacturing place in
the country, though Newark, N. J., and
vicinity probably make more real and
imitation patent leather.
All manufacturers have their own tan
ming processes, much like those of the
calfskin tanner, though some patent
leather Is given bark tanning. Horse
hide and colt skins are the chief feathers
made up with patent finish, and the
process Of producing the glossy surface
is most interesting.
The patent or enamel finish is really
painted and baked on, as the bicycle
manufacturer paints and bakes enamel
onto frame. Tanners are very particu-
lar about keeping their processes Sc
cret, and nobody but workmen are ever
allowed into the finishing rooms. Paint
ers are especially kept Ear from the
work rooms. 1t is said that the work
men have to drink much beer on &C.
count Of the chemicals with which they
work, and the heat Of the baking ovens.
The hide or skin having been
stretched and dried as much as pos
sibie, Is first given coating of mix
ture Of linseed oil. litharge, white lead
or similar materials, boiled together I'M
til they make pasty mixture. This
is daubed on the surface with a steel
tool, and well rubbed in so that the
pores of the leather will be filled up.
Then the leather is p@ into the oven,
its surface being exposed to steam pipes
at temperature of about 100 degrees.
1t takes about half day for this finish
to set
Next the surface isrubbed down with
pumice stone, and then it is covered with
linseed oil and ivory black. about six
layers being applied, each layer being
dried and rubbed down Finally var
nish is applied, and then the surface is
rubbed down and finished of as nicely
as a painter finishes fine carriage.
The final gloss is brought out by ex-
posture to the sun. It is peculiar fact
that Old Sol brings out better finish
than can any artificial drying or bak-
ing process. Manufacturers Of high
grade patent leather test every skin
before shipping It. The test is made by
folding the hide or skin at any point
seized at random into double v. This
v is hammered with mallet. II the
finish cracks, the skin Is rejected, and
II 1t does not crack, the leather is sent
to the shoe manufacturer. A patent
finish Is on a smooth surface and an
enamel on boarded. Japan or lacquer
leather is the same as patent. A
boarded" surface is a surface whose
grain is raised by roughing It up with
q piece of bQard.-NeWport News.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1903-10-03

way costs them from three and half to
four cents per pound, and as such q sum
is about half days wage for the labor
ing man, 1t makes wheat flour entirely
beyond the reach Of the common people.
In order to supply the demand for a
cheap -four, the Chinese habitually mix
their wheat with peas, beans or millet
before grinding 1t. but even these cheap
ened fiours cost more than the average
grade flours in America.
The Four Track News says that, with
out considering the difference in quality
and f1neness, American flour can be ex-
ported from our Pacific coast and sold in
China cheaper than the cheapest grades
of native -four. Il
It is easy to see what great field will
ultimately be found in China for Ameri-
can mill machinery, and II American
millers would take pains to manufacture
grade Of -four especially for the Chi
nese market, cheapening the wheat pro-
duct by large adulteration Of corn, an
immense market would be found at once.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1903-10-03
Peanuts Cure Insomnia.

II you wish. to be cured Of insomnia
eat pint Of freshly roasted peanuts just
before retiring. Secretary Wilson as
sures his friends that this remedy is a
sure thing and that pint of peanuts
every night has relieved him from an
insomnia with which he has suffered
for years. A number Of prominent men
who have tried the secretary's remedy
say that 1t works like charm. Ordi-
nary peanuts that are to be bought In
Z store will not do the work. The goob-
ers must be freshly roasted and a full
pint of them consumed. Washed down
with big drink Of water they are sure
to induce sleep. but the slightest sip Of
alcoholic beverage neutralizes the effect.
The cure Is said to be the discovery Of
one Of the scientists In the department
Of agriculture.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1903-10-03
The Piano Eye IL swfst.

A pianist In these days has to culti-
yate the eye so as to see 1900 signs in
one minute, the fingers to make 1000
movements and the brain to understand
all these signs aswell as direct all these
movements In playing Weber's Motto
Perpetuo" q pianist has to read 4.541
notes in less than four minutes. or about
- per second, but the eye can only re-
ceiye about ten consecutive Impressions
per second. So that In quick music It
seems that player does not see every
note singly but In groups, probably a
bar or more at one view. In the sec
ond set Of Chopin's "Etude in e minor
It is necessary to read as many as $3.50
signs in 2h minutes, or about rs notes
per second.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1903-10-03

handler way to manage the load THAI II
the man was up in the window and tried
to raise the same load by q rope running
straight downward to the latter. But,
after all, there is no gain in power.
Now imagine a different arrangement
that shown in the diagram. Suppose
there are two pulleys, one above and one
below. Let the weight (W) be attached,
not to the end Of the rope, but to the
block containing the lower pulley. Let
one end of the rope be secured to the
lower end of the upper block, and put
the other end Cpl in the hans hands.
With these two pulleys he can raise near
ly twice his own weight. To lift the load
one foot he must pull two feet Of rope.
and he must work twice as long as be-
fore. In all mechanical devices of this
sort, what is gained in power must be
compensated by extra time and distance.
For the sake of simplicity, the draw
ing shows only a single pair Of ptllleys.
one in each block. It often happens that
there are two or three pairs, two or three
pulleys in each block, but only one rope
being used Such an arrangement gives
much more power. A single pair doubles
Tor nearly doubles) the power, two pairs
will quadruple it, and three pairs will
multiply it skiold, or nearly %. With
four pulleys, two in each block, the man
must pull down four feet of rope to raise
the weight one foot; and with six pull
leys, three in each block, he must pull
down six feet to lift 1t the same distance.
Allowance must be made for the fric-
ton Of the pulleys in their bearings in
the blocks. No matter how good the
construction there must be some loss of
power from that cause. Possibly this
item may be small. say. not over one
tenth or one-twentieth Of the power ex-
pended Still. 1t must not be overlooked.
The foregoing principles apply equal
ly, whether the power applied at p be de-
rived from man, horse or steam en-
CINE. The advantage comes from q null
DUPLICATION of pulleys, and what is gained
in one way is lost in another. For load
ing and unloading steamers the block
and tackle has the added convenience
that 1t may be suspended from the end of
a movable boom. which may be swung
first in one direction and then in the
other Thus lateral as we'll as vertical
transportation is made possible. This
other convenience, however, results from
the boom, or derrick. not from the block
and tackle.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1903-10-03
CAN PLANTS RFAsON7



That plants have intelligence is MAIN
tanned in thesis by Prof. Shaler, Of
Harvard university. After discussing
the automata, he says: I'VE may accept
the statement that our higher intelli-
gence is but the illuminated summit Of
mans nature as true, and extend 1t by
the observation that Intelligence Is nor
mally unconscious, and appears as con-
scious only after infancy, in our waking
hours, and not always them" In sum-
ming up the professor uses the follow
ing sentences: Looking toward the or
ganic world In the manner above sug-
gested, seeing that an unprejudiced view
of life affords no warrant for the mo-
ton that automata anywhere exist, trac-
ing as we may down to the lowest grade
Of the animal series what is fair evil
dence to actions which we have to be-
lieve to be guided by some form Of In
telligence, seeing that there is reason to
conclude that plants are derived from
the same primitive stock as animals, we
are in no condition to say that intelli-
gence cannot exist among them. In fact,
all that we can discern supports the view
that throughout the organic realm the
intelligence that finds Its fullest express
sion in man Is everywhere at work"
Papa stronger Than Samson.
Many a boy who hears figurative re-
mark made takes the same literally and
in recounting It puts an 1rishman to
shame. An Omaha Sunday school teach
er was talking to her scholars, about
samson, of whom she spoke as being
the strongest man who ever lived. She
attempted to show his enormous mus
cular power by stating as simply as
possible some. of the wonderful feats
he had accomplished. Young Jimmy, a
newcomer in the class, listened with
more than ordinary interest and after
the teacher had finished, the boy
lifted his hand for permission to speak.
We'll, James, asked the teacher, what
Is it," Samson wasn't as strong as
my papa is" us your father SO sur
prisingly strons?" queried the teacher.
smiling. .Oh, my papa's orful strong"
replied the youngster, emphatically.
why, heard mamma say that hs had
ellyfant on his banda
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1903-10-03

= .a
all the resources of the Canadian Pacific
railway, while Mr.. Hays will hitch the
Grand Trunk railway to the government.
Sir Thomas intimated in an interview
that he believed the government Inc
tended to discriminate against his rail-
way, Incidentally, he declares that tho
policy of the government will saddle
Canada withea tremendous debt that pos
terity must pay.
The situation as it has developed has
put new life into the conservative party.
which is elated to have chance to stand
united under the banner OF Sir Thomas.
Sir Thomas is the beau ideal Of politi-
clan. Approachable, an attentive lis
tener, informed on every point OF legis-
lative interest, ready and terse debater.
he knows every member OF parliament
on sight and can call him by his first
name.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1903-10-03
IA Lady ship Doctor.

Mile. Sarah Broido. young lady doc
tor, has obtained professional engage
men, on board steamer plying between
Marseilles and Algiers. The circum-
stance Is to be noted as Mile. Broido is
the first French "doctoress" who has
been engaged on board ship. Hitherto
ships doctors had 1t all their own way,
but they have now to faDe the COMPETE
ton Of the doctoress. Already Mile.
Broido's example Is being followed. and
two others OF her sex are applying for
medical berths on other steamers regis
cred at the port Of Marseilles.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1903-10-03

) In the days
when Jesus lived
among men, SO 1t
Is to-day, the poor
are present with
us. Jesus was pc
culiarly the friend
Of the poor. The
word OF prophecy
declared that the
Christ who was to
CO m e 8 b o u l d
preach the Gospel
to the poor, and
it WAS thatnaSsa1e
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1903-10-03

young car has undoubtedly found 1t al
most impossible to dominate growing
" discordant administrative system.
NJ. de Witte Is unquestionably the man
above all others to be placed in general
authority II he had been there sooner.
It is not to be believed that the Kishine1
massacres would have occurred. his own
wife being Jewess. On the other hand,
II he had been in full authority. the Man
churian question would have been man
aged In a different way. since az It IL
now understood that much Of Russia's
apparent inconsistency has been due to
the independent action and conflicting
attitude OF at least three different de-
partments having to do with Man
churia, one being the foreign Office, an
other being the war department, and
another the department having charge
Of the railway and financial interests.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1903-10-03
1NAAl~An
SPEAKS LOUDER THAN WORDS.
(Relative Ease of Travel in a Carriage and
Automobils.)

shocks are much softened. And what
still remains of irregular jolting is
bridged over and smoothed out by the
soft, undulating and uniform vibrations
Of the motor. You can imagine that you
are sitting In boat gliding over rip
ping, slightly moved surface"
The relative ease Of travel In car
rage and automobile, as set forth by the
writer, is shown in the accompanying
diagrams, of which the upper indicates
the jolting motion of the carriage and
the lower the relatively smooth motion
of the automobile.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1903-10-03
Crtticism.

Z Mr.. Holmes These cooking schools
IRE not thorough.
Mrs. Holmes What do You mean?
Mr.. Holmes They ought to teach
the pupils how to treat dyspepsia
Puck.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1903-10-03
veteran. Touching Appeal.

An affecting letter was lately received
from an old soldier. by Pension Com
missioner Ware. 1t appears that while
valiant in war, the veteran lives In dread
Of his wits. and his complaint and In
structions closed thus: Il got blood
poison by beinge HIT with hens eg wen
/ cam bak from the frunt. The eg was
not good wen you send my penshun I
want the Deed made sos my wife can't
get none OF it-she throde the es.'
Bell Tol1ed BY Electricity.
At the Church of the Sacred Heart
IN Paris a 22-ton bell is tolled BY cleo
tricity. A choir boy does the work
which formerly required the services d
hve men.
Hard Subject to Handle.
Dauber Il will guarantee to paint any
thing called for.
Dealer-G Good! Do me speaking
likeness offs dumb-waiter.-N. Y. Timex
They Give ana Take.
People who borrow trouble sare 81
ways wil1.g to lend It. we've noticed
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1903-10-03

THE bird In the tree top sends forth his
/ note Of sweet song and then swing
ing 3n upon the breeze he mounts up
upon the glittering shafts of the sunbeam
into the blue Of heaven and is lost to sight
and sound, and 1t is not hard to imagine
that he has gained the ramparts of the
heavenly city and is mingling his rare
music with that of the angelic hosts.
The rich farmer drives by and, with
commissioning glance at the poor
house, he talks with me about his fine
farm down yonder which he is going to
visit. l met him that day. This is no
fine figure of Imagination. This is real
life as the Lord opened it up to me that
day. The rich farmer with his heart
buried in the soil, and his glance reach
ing no higher than the tasselling corn
tops which drank in the Heaven-sent
sunshine and cool evening dew, who saw
the reddening and glowing sunset re-
iiected in the rosy checked apples hang
Ing in heavy profusion from the bending
limbs, and never thought of Him who
had tinted the swelling sides Of the
luscious fruit, but was carefully figuring
on the number of barrels he could send
to market and the price they would bring.
The pauper in the poor house grounds
heard the song of the bird that day. Per-
haps his soul bounded upward with the
fight Of the bird in prophetic promise of
the resurrection morn.
The rich farmer with his bursting
granaries, his spanking team and his
fine farm down yonder, was covering his
soul so deep with this world s possessions
that it never could hear the glad music
Of the resurrection morning, but would
sleep the heavy sleep of death until sum-
moned to appear before God and then
PASS on into the outer darkness.
I'll had had the wealth of a Vanderbilt
to have bestowed upon those paupers and
I had emptied that poor house that day
and given each mansion and bank ac-
count. it would not have pleased my
Lord so much, believe, as the ministry
which I rendered in His name and for
His sake. And is not this our greatest
obligation to the poor? Mere cL*r.y
which alleviates physical suffering does
not fulfill our highest obligation to them.
II the Lord and His claim upon the poor
are left out! il the greatest need of the
noor-salvation in Christ and treasure In
Heavens not supplied, then have we
failed, We may have given to the poor,
but we have not given to the Lord. The
poor we have always with us, and when
we will we many do them good, but let
MS not forget to break our alabaster boxes
Of love and !eyotion and gratitude at
Jesus feet as we seek to give to the Lord
the precious ;,uls Of the poor.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1903-10-03
Giving to the Lord and
Giving to the Poor X "
Sermon by the .'Hiohway and Byway'' Preacher.
Copyright. 1908, by ]. M. Edison
Chicago, Sunday,
Giving to the Latter Is Not Always
to Giving to the Lord.

Chicago, Sunday, 1865
Teft:-"Ye have the poor with you al
ways. and whatsoever ye will We may do
them good. Mark 14:7.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1903-10-03
try districts there were many needy

try districts there were many needy
souls who seldom or never came un-
der religious influences or heard the
Word OF God. who might be reached
through my itinerant ministry, i'm
PEELED me forward. And I did find
such. found one half-grown boy who
had never heard of Jesus. found one
poor Woodworking mother whose trials
had driven her from the Saviour's side
instead of to Him. She had no Bible.
she did not pray any more. She used
to be Christian, she said. And the
words of Jesus: Come unto Me, all ye
that labor and are heavy laden, and l
will give you rest" came to her heart
that day with new meaning and new
hope. And found the poor, the des-
perately poor, to whose temporal needs
I was not able to minister, but to
whom the Lord blessedly opened the
way TO serve them in their spiritual
needs.