davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Minneapolis journal., 1903-03-30

point 1t Is doubtful whether Minneapolis
would havo become tho commercial CEN
ter Of tho northwest. At least, almost
any other place might have become the
wheat mart. But the power was hero
and the early establishment of mills GEN.
tered the Touring industry. created the
drst crude market, tempted the railroads
to head this way, brought in other indus
tries, built up grain elevators and at last
led to the founding of the Minneapolis
Chamber Of Commerce.
Flour was first ground in q commercial
way at the Falls Of st. Anthony IN 1851.
although thirty years before tho officers
Of the United States army had erected a
small mill at the falls to grind -four for
the troops at Fort Smelling and saw
boards for the construction OF barracks
and other buildings. The mill Of 1851
was built by Richard G. Rogers on the
east side of the river, and was but a
custom mill Of one run Of stone. But 1t
was beginning. In 1854 the first mer-
chant mill was built by John Rollins, John
Eastman and r. p Upton. Although 1t
was only three-rin mill, there was not
enough wheat raised in this vicinity to
supply its needs. and the grain was
brought up the river on steamboats, from
iowa and Wisconsin. This carrying of
Goals to Newcastle did not last long. A
very few years sufficed to develop wheat
raising in the vicinity Of Minneapolis to
such an extent as to supply the mills,
and in 1858 the first shipment Of -four
was made to the eastern market. During
tho next year the first mill on the West
Side was erected. This was the Cataract
built by Eastman & Gibson. Meanwhile
The Minneapolis journal., 1903-03-30
GREATEST FLOUR
MANUFACTURING CENTER
MINNEAPOLIS MILLS
KNOWN THE WORLD OVER

a young man had arrived in Minneapolis
who was destined TO take prominent
part in the development OF the Touring
industry. This was William D. Wash
burn, who had come out to practice law.
and finding the profession crowded and
unremuneratiVe, had accepted the man
agement OF the west side water power for
the Minneapolis Mill company. 1t was
under Mr. Washburn's administration
that the west side power was developed
and the real foundations of the enormous
milling industry laid.
With the war came demand for north
western -four and more rapid development
followed. This movement was acce1er-
ated through the railroad building activ-
ity which came immediately after the
war; immigration was stimulated and the
discovery was made that northwestern
hard spring wheat made the best -four the
world had ever known.
BY the early 70's Minneapolis had a
strong group OF mills owned by most
progressive group of men. Such names as
Pillsbury. Washburn. Crosby, Dunwoody.
Christian and LorinS were becoming wide
iy known. Then came the, period OF
stupendous development. The introduc-
tion OF the middlings purifier, the Hun
The Minneapolis journal., 1903-03-30

as they were, had anticipated the wheat
supply. Their purchases were brought to
the Falls of st. Anthony by river steam
boats. It did not take long, however, to
reverse the direction OF the wheat bags.
James J. Hill is authority for the state
ment that the first shipment Of wheat
from Minnesota was in 1857. 1t came
from the Minnesota valley and for several
years there seems to have been quite a
trade out Of the river by barge and
steamer, in which Minneapolis did not
participate.
For a long time the Minneapolis mills
were mainly supplied by farmers who
hauled their wheat to the market. Until
after the war there were no other means
of transportation except the primitive
steamers on the upper Mississippi; and,
as a matter Of fact; very few farmers to
raise any wheat at all. The outskirts Of
civilization in Minnesota were less than
100 miles west Of the young city. With
the advent of railroads after the war the
zone Of production widened yearly and
the supply for the mills increased rapidly
AS has been explained in the chapter on
milling, the mills kept pace with the pro-
duction for many years. ~
But the general grain commission trade
was held back by this very circumstance.
The mills used practically all the available
wheat and the mills bought only through
the Mi1lers' association This -organiza-
tion practically controlled the wheat situa-
tion In Minneapolis for q dozen years or
more; a condition which discouraged the
establishment Of independent commission
firms. In 1871 there were but nine firms
in Minneapolis classified by the city direc-
tory as grain dealers. and somo OF these
only handled grain as a side issue. Con-
ditions remained about the same for some
years later, In 1875 the wheat receipts OF
the city reached 5,o34,675, bushels. OF
which practically all was consumed by
| the mills as the shipments are recorded as
being but 48, ,220 bushels. In 1873 20s, 900
bushels were shipped. and in 1881, the
year Of the Organization OF the Chamber
OF Commerce., 514,250 bushels
! From this time on the business eo1
| handling wheat became q staple ono. A
market was assured and orders poured ir
! from southern and eastern sznilers. II
soon became evident that there would b
! Dakotas than could be ground at Mime.
Iapolis under ordinary. conditions. and ths
| grain men set to work to! develop this
shipping demand. SO successful were
| they that In s1882sover two million bushels
| went out and large amounts have beer
| thus marketed during the past twenty
years the volume Of the shipping bust
| ness varying with the crops and the de.
mand OF tho local mills. AS high al ~,
100000 bushels have been shipped tn on,
year The average shipments for the pas
/ fifteen years hare been about y .0oo. .ool
bushels. 5ssiIs is
Receipts increased very, rapidly from
1880 on, FromS over ] 10. 100000 bushels Il
1 that year they went to 1916, $50 In 1881
49, 947, 800 IN 1ss3:s ~, ,i24, I'll In 1883; 30,
s22,72o. In 1854; 81. 800. 560 in, 1856 and 81,
s04,260 in 1886. Since 1885 the receipt,
! and shfpn entsl BY years have been a.
Z - ~
The Minneapolis journal., 1903-03-30

This classification Of the Minneapolis
mills indicates the tendency to consoli-
dation which has been Characteristic Of
large commercial enterprises for some
years past. The great milling firm Of
Charles A. Pillsbury & CO. and the Wash
burn Milling company transferred their
interests to the Pillsbury- -Washburn Flour
Mills Company, Limited in 1889, and
other consultations have brought eight
mills under the control Of the Northwest
ern Consolidated Milling company. These
changes have served to strengthen the
Minneapolis milling interests and have re-
suited in much economy Of operation and
distribution. ri.
The latest compilations show upwards
Of SIS, 100000 capital invested in Mime
apolis milling, while the value Of the
product exceeds $50, 000, 900 annually. The
mills are equipped with the most modern
machinery and devices and are operated
with the greatest practical economy.
Owing to the geographical position of
Minneapolis the local mills are most ad-
vantageously situated for receiving the
wheat OF three great states and for dis
tributing the product. Not too far from
the great lake ports. flour may be shipped
by the lake and rail- route to the sea-
board during the months of navigation,
while in winter the 1nillers are In a posi-
tion to ship by rail with better advantage
than any Of their competitors. A large
part of the domestic market Is immedi-
ately south and southeast of Minneapolis.
This region can be reached most advan-
tageously. It Is even possible to ship fol
export via the gulf and a full train load
of Minneapolis -four not long ago went
to New Orleans for foreign trans s-ship
ment - s.;,.4=
Figures give but an incomplete idea OF
the volume Of the flour trade; a train
load is but q vague statement for most
readers. But everyone knows tho size
of a barrel OF -four; It is the largest pack
age, purchased by the family. Now ina
gine the Minneapolis mills shipping In
one day-as was done not long ago-111,
769 barrels Of -four: This would be enough
to supply Ill, 769 homes for many weeks
say easily more than months supply
for'a city Of the size OF st. Louis. Agar
imagine this -four passing before your
eyes on the railroad-572 cars, or say
fifteen trains Of forty one cars each.
! Estimating the population Of the worlt
| at one and one-half billion people the
Minneapolis mills make enough flour tc
supply each person with three one-poun6
loayes and have enough over to give thu
people Of the United States an extra al.
flowance OF three loavess each. Again The
mills make enough to give each man
woman and child living west Of the Mis-.
sissippi river a loaf Of bread every day
| In the year. III sa S.
The motto Of one Minneapolis milling
hrn--'fsWe feed the world lis not map.
lprobriate 5s
The Minneapolis journal., 1903-03-30

. Tho grain business Of Minneapolis has
become one Of the most important inter-
ests Of the city. In its various branches
It employs vast capital and an army Of
workers. It has reached out into every
part Of the great northwestern grain rails
ing country, controlling long lines Of
country elevators. Many Of the Mime
apolis firms have branch offices in Duluth
and Chicago and are members Of the
boards of trade OF those and other cities
Tho business is one which, In the nature
OF things, must continue to grow In I'M
portance from year to year.
The Minneapolis journal., 1903-03-30

The soregoing statement gives statistic
The Minneapolis journal., 1903-03-30
The Growth of a Gigantic
Milling Industry
Outlined.
Immense Volume of the
Flour Trade of
Today.
Statistics Of Production,
Export and Milling
! Capacity.

The greatness of Minneapolis as grain
market found it's beginnings in the pos.
by the Falls Of st. Anthony. Had there
been no waterpower available at this
The Minneapolis journal., 1903-03-30

The total amount Of coarse grains
handled In Minneapolis last year was
more than one-third the volume Of the
wheat receipts. Receipts in the princi-
pal lines for a few recent crop years are
shown below:
The Minneapolis journal., 1903-03-30
Il 4; IS Now the Leading Cash
Wheat Market Of
the World.
First in Receipts First in
Trading First in Fle-
vator Capacity.
Progress of +. a Great System
of Handling and
Storage.

The first grain trade in Minneapolis
aside from the marketing Of wagon loads
Of wheat by the neighboring farmers, was
the purchase Of wheat for the early mer-
chant mills, from Iowa and Wisconsin
points. The first Minneapolis mills, small
The Minneapolis journal., 1903-03-30


All the elevators built during the most
rapid expansion Of the Minneapolis grain
trade were of the wooden type common
thirty years ago. True they improved
greatly In detail. Methods Of operation
were changed from year to year and the
very shape of the houses was altered when
the belt conyeyor system Of filing and
emptying bins was introduced. Instead
of being towering structures surmounted
by lofty cupolas they became long fiat
rooted affairs with a high handling and
cleaning houses at one end. They came.
frequently, to be erected in pairs, one
each. -.
But a more radical change was to come.
Wooden houses would burn and would
wear out. Grain men wanted something
more permanent and absolutely safe.
Steel was the first thing tried. Then the
Hungarian method Of storing grain In
New-York tribune., 1903-11-28
NAY CLASH OYER PARKER
Hill IN Fighting Murphy May
.Szcing Delegates to OlRey.

Fx-President C-leveland's elimination OF him
self from the field as n possible Democratic
Presidential candidate yesterday suddenly re-
vived interest in the national political situation
as bearing on New-York State politics Judge
Alton B Parker's friends say that II the party
commanded him ne would waive bis personal
wish TO be allowed TO round out his public career
as Judge II is assumed that IL Judge Parker
could have been prevailed upon 70 run against
Governor OdeII in 1902 the call by his political
associates to take the more important nornina-
ton would not be disregarded by him.
Ex-senator David b. Hill was opposed 10
honoring Judge Parker with a nomination io'
Governor In 1902, and doubtless is OF the same
mind still concerning Judge Parkers aValidOn-
ity for high executive office In fact. MI HUI
his friends say believes that the only reahy III
candidate for President is a man from Albany
Countv whose last name is spelled with four let
ters Mr. Hill will have new man to deal win
next spring at the State convention. Charles F.
Nurobv win he the boss of the delegates from
this city Hugh Mclaughlin will not be on hand
m ba1n mt through any Hill schemes Ex-Sen-
ator Edward Murphy has regainea cohtroi W oI
Rensselaer, County, and is against mn GO al al =
tbe Weed Conway men of the northern ter ana
the Herrick men in Albany County. IL Murphy
wants Parker to have the delegates from thls
State the Judge will get them
Another factor that may prove 20 De disturb
ing is the boom Of william r. Hearst Tnere
are indications that Congressman hearst Will
make a loud protest IL ne Is oVerlOoheu dS d
Presidential candidate
Richard Olney, of Massachusetts,. is not w'fn-
out friends in this city. In case bitter ngn, @
should develop between the Murphy and Hill
forces over the selection of a New-York State
candidate Hill might swing his delegates 10
OIney and prevent the nomination of any can
didate from New-York-
Little or no talk OF the German boom Is heard
in this city among Democrats. Mr. Germans
use of the race issue in politics has pre1udiced
many liberal minded Democrats against him.
The fact that he has wrested control OF Mary
land from the Republicans Is not looked upon
in Tammany circles as giving him much prestige
outside his own State
The political sharps are beginning to rre-
dict that Judge Parker will have the New-York
State delegates and that with these as starter
he will be hard man 10 beat for the nomfna-
ton.
New-York tribune., 1903-11-28
ANTI-AUsTRIAN RIOT AT ROME.
Soldiers Charge Students Who Rush on En-
bassy-Trouble in Many Cities.

Rome Nov. s7-Students of the university endea-
vored to organize a demonstration to-day az the
QuirinsI in favor OF the King. but with an anti
Austrian character. The police broke up the gath
ering. and then the students rushed toward the
Austrian Embassy and the Austrian Consulate
where they were received by troops. who charged
them with drawn bayonets Struggles between the
students end the troops ensued and several arrests
were made, while the crowd continued to cry.
Down with Francis Joseph Let US break up
the Triple Alisace," and sing the Garibaldian
hssss.
Taere great enthusiasm in the law courts
to-day when a student who was arrested yesterday
Tor having struck policeman and smashed his he'll
11sf Was acquitted.
Similar demonstrati tons held to-day in the
principal towns OF Italy especially in Florence and
IN Turin, where the university has been closed In
The course q the demonstration in Florence two
Austrian flags were burned in the public square
afio scene of great enthusiasm and the frantic
cries Of the demonstrators
New-York tribune., 1903-11-28
sTURGIS LAYS IT TO TAMMANY.
Thinks 1t Induced Civil Service Board to
Call Off Examination.

An announcement made yesterday that there
would he no examination for fire chiefs. adver
tised for next Monday. is taken In many quarters
resign. but to take his chance of being supplanted
by the reinstatement of Croker Secretary Briscoe
OF the Civil Service Commission said that the ex-
animation had been postponed without date.
Commissioner Stursis much disappointed
over the failure of the Civil Service Commission to
provide him new eligible list. He said;
.HThe pos tponement of the examination has moth
ing TO do with Purroys resignation, IL he con-
terminates such thing The only reason that
asked for an eligible list to be prepared for
such contingency. Purroy has not said anything
ing. but / have list, although need one, in
order to be ready for a vacancy. An eligible list
is like a gun: you don't need one often, but when
yeu do you need 1t badly
as there was no vacancy in the position OF Fire
Chief he could not furnish list until there
was one I believe that the refusal of the COM
mission is due to the influence of Tammany Hall
such eligible st made until after January 1. when
II can secure Civil Service Commission of its
choosing"
Police Commissioner Greene said yesterday that
police as the Municipal Civil Service Commission
had informed him that, as there was at present no
vacancy for that rank, no examination could be
held.
Service Commission. said last night. when told
about Commissioner Stursis's charge that Tam
many Influenced the commission: at is utterly
false. We postponed the examination three days
not be held till there is vacancy. There is no
vacancy at present. This talk about Tammany
influencing us is all rot, If there had been va
cancy an examination would have been held"
New-York tribune., 1903-11-28
CITY TO BE WIDE OPEN.
Oakley in Lead to Succeed Greene
Mcclellan Here Tuesday.

Mayor-elect Mcclellan wrote TO friend IN Town
Yesterday that expected to return to the city on
Tuesday and that Immediately afterWard ne woulu
make preparations to go to Atlantic CITY 10 CONFER
with the Tammany leaders over the se-ectlon OF MS
heads of departments. Charles +. Murphy VIII
leave Hot Springs for this city tomorrow, and VIII
have Monday and Tuesday to talk things over Win
the district leaders at Tammany Hall.
John T. Oakley leader Of the XIVth District
which adjons Murphy's the south. is in the lead
as candidate for the Police Commisslonershlp
Mr. Oakley ran for Sheriff two years ago and was
de -eated by william j. O'Bren. He was vice-presi-
dent of the Municipal Council while Van Wyck was
Mayor Aside from his being a good fellow, he
has no qualifications for the office of Police Com
missioner He is engaged in the liquor business on
the East Side.
and it looks row as If he will be- 1t means wide
open' town with vengeance n Tammauy dis
trict leader said last night 10 Tribune reporter;
The Low administration was turned out be-
was badly administered. The Commissioner and
his deputies kept putting the screws on tighter al
while and il got after Il while that. With
the perneious activity Of the police and the numer-
know where they were at. We had no trouble IN
carrying the downtown districts by large Demo-
cratic puraIities because the people for two years
have been governed too much II now is up 10 US
fe give them what they want. They asked for, an
easier time under Tammany. and that IS what
we are going to give them. 1t would be possible
for us 10 put man in Mulberry-st VINO would
commissioner. This is a Cosmopolitan city, ana
the people want things free and easy. The
social evil will be kept within certain districts and
interferes the people will that the Police COM
missioner is not responsible for il"
New-York tribune., 1903-11-28
DEATH OF WALL STREET BANKER
William Curtiss Kellogg Dies in Brooklyn
Home-Prominent Charity Worker.

William Curtiss Kellogg, who died last night at
his home No Monroe Place. Brooklyn. a
banker and broker at No. Wall-st- He was born
sixty-one years ago in Fairfield. Conn. As young
man he served through the Civil War.
Mr.. kellogg the head of the firm of kellogg.
Foster & Adams bankers and brokers. He q
member of the New-York Stock Exchange. the
Chamber of Commerce. the Hamilton Club Of
Brooklyn, the Long Island Historical Society. the
Corinthan Yacht Club of Yonkers. president of the
Brooklyn Veteran Aid Society. member OF the
advisory board of the Brooklyn Orphan Asylum.
the board of directors of the Brooklyn Home for
Consumptives the Society for the Improvement Of
the Condition of the Poor and of the board Of
trustees Of the Brooklyn Board of Charities He
president of the Presbyterian Union of Brock
Iyn and an elder in tue Second Presbyterian
Church.
Mr.. Kellogg was widower. He had been i'll
since September. In religious and charitable cir
cles he took a prominent and useful part. and was
well known active worker.
New-York tribune., 1903-11-28
SAYS SYSTEM WILL BAR ACCIDENTS

The switch and signal system to be used in the
subway will preclude the possibility OF collisions
and all accidents according to statement made
yesterday by an offciaI OF the Subway Coustruc-
tiOn Company.
Unlike the old system" said the Official 'the
switches and signals in the subway will Se Goa
structed to require the application OF power to
give clear track and permit trains 20 keep IN
motion. and the danger sign VIII be the natural
one. Along the main lines OF the subway and
placed at intervals of 500 feet, there Will he 10
block signals and train stops. The system works In
such a manner that when n car or train passes the
danger signal is displayed against succeeding cars
and trains until the train passes the next block
signal ahta al by margin in which train may be
stopped Any failure cf power or accident to the
signal short Of its destruction preyents OF any save
the danger signal being shown. Should the motor
man or engineer miss or disobey the danger signal
the train stop comes into play.
THE train stop has proved marked success IN
Boston and collision has never occurred where II
has been used
Whenever possible. the interloekng switches VIII
operate in conjunction with the train stops and
automatic signals IL Is understood that the system
will De put in early In May
The same Official disclaimee any knowledge OF a
trial trip IN certain completed sections of the sub.
way
New-York tribune., 1903-11-28
POLICE DIsCREDIT SUICIDE IDEA.
No Trace of the Missing Treasurer of High
Bridge Church.

The police of the High Bridge station searched
all day and night yesterday for Joseph Hobbins.
the missing treasurer of ST. Adams Episcopal
Church OF High Bridge. He has been missing since
last Saturday. The police and the friends of the
missing man now discredit the idea that he has
committed suicide. Only his wife clings to that
theory. She will not state her reasons for this be-
lief but holds to il in spite of her friends.
1t is thought by most of the members of the con-
gregation that the old man was worried to such an
extent by the factional fight of the women in the
congregation that he has gone to live with friends
out the city until the quarrel ceases The women
of the parish are divided the dismissal by the
pastor the Rev. r. H. Wevil, OF young Joseph Al
ten the lay reader from the General Theological
Seminary, who dismissed about a month ago.
TIE incidt Mt has caused Mr.. Hobbns much trouble,
as the two factions trying to gain his influence
e,tf er to have Alten reinstated or kept out
The police ridicule the efforts that have been
made to make this mysterious disappear
ance. Detectives Curran, Lamb and Devine pa
troled the Harlem River shore all day, assisted by
the uniformed force which has been beating the
woods for signs OF the missing man.