davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The ranch. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1902-1914, 1903-07-01

! into two diyisions-(D preventive
measures and CD remedial measures.
Preventive Measures.
Preventive measures are those
means of control which are not only
efficient against this insect, but are
valuable in increasing the productive
ness of the orchard, and the size, APP
pearance and quality of the fruit.
Measures for Use in Old Orchards.
The preventive measures to be used
F.. in an orchard that has just come into
bearing are quite different from those
required in one that has borne fruit
for many years. The old neglected
orchards are familiar objects in every
section of the United States.
The writer has in mind two such or
chards of different types of about 500
trees each. One is in the far West in
an arid section, and the other is in
the East in humid section. The
Western orchard is about eighteen
years old; the trees are so close to-
gether eighteen feet) that the branch
es. of one tree touch those of the sur
rounding trees. The orchard has not
been irrigated for many years; the
soil is sandy, and on it grow many
weeds; the bark of the tree is rough,
the trunks and branches are cracked,
and where branches have been cut off
either holes or stubs remain. From
| lack of moisture the trees make but
| little growth and a few have died.
The fruit is abundant, but understood.
For the past three seasons this or
chard has been under the observation
of the writer, and in that time not
over three or four boxes of good apples
free from the work Of the codling moth
have been produced.
In the Eastern orchard the trees are
in sod and about forty feet apart
There are many stubs or broken
branches in which the larvae hiber-
nate. The fruit has always been
abundant, but is practically all infest-
ed by this insect.
The woodpeckers have done much
effective work in both these orchards
by digging out and eating the larvae.
Other insects may be attacking the
trunks of the trees or eating the
leaves. Practically no revenue is de-
rived from either of these orchards,
but, on the contrary, they are con-
slant source of loss.
/ Many farmers who have orchards
similar to those just described believe
that the only thing to be done is to
cut down the trees and start new or
chards instead of renovating the old.
These orchards can be restored quite
easily and made to produce proftably
for many years. Work should be be-
gun late in the fall or early in the
! Continued on Page 10.)
The ranch. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1902-1914, 1903-07-01

nearby fences; in paper or other rub
bish on the ground; and in various
other places. The cocoons of the first
generation are composed entirely OF
silk, while in those of the second gen.
Grafton are incorporated bits OF wood
and bark. The larvae inside the
cocoons transform into pupae in about
six days from the time of spinning the
cocoon.
The Pupa.
The pupa is yellowish at first. but
changes to brown, and later to
bronze color. The eyes, antennae,
mouth parts, wings and legs of the
adult insect are apparent. The NOV
able abdominal segments are armed
with two rows of spines. In about
twenty days from the spinning of the
cocoon the pupa, aided by the spines,
pushes it's way out of the cocoon. The
pupa skin splits and the moth emerges,
lays it's eggs, and gives rise to another
generation. The average life cycle OF
the insect is about fifty days.
Generations of the Insect.
1t has been found that in the prin-
cipal apple-growing sections of the
northern part of the United States the
insect has one generation and often a
partial second. In the warmer por-
tons of the East and the West, two
generations are found. In the warmest
parts of the West partial third gen.
GRAFTON has been distinguished. Where
two full generations occur the second
is much more numerous and destruc-
tive than the first.
Natural Enemies.
There are many natural enemies OF
the cooling moth which may be en-
couraged with advantage. 1t has often
been noted that no larvae can be found
under the rough bark of the trees In
the spring, while many are found in
the cracks and holes in the trunks,
branches and stubs. Under the rough
bark many cocoons can be found from
which the larvae are missing. A tell
tale hole made by woodpecker can
always be found. Destroying or rem
dering unsuitable the more secure
places for spinning, thus forcing the
larvae to spin cocoons where the birds
can get them, will result in destroy
ing many of the insects.
Measures Used Against the Cooling
Moth.
The first essential in using measures
against this insect is for the apple
grower to familiarize himself with its
life history. BY doing this he is bet
ter prepared to understand the RENE
dial measures recommended, and can
modify them to suit his local condi-
tons.
The means of control readily fall
The ranch. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1902-1914, 1903-07-01

1t varies somewhat in size, but the
maximum spread of its wings is about
| three-fourths of an inch. The front
wings are of brownish-gray color and
are crossed with lines of gray scales,
giving them the appearance of watered
silk. At the tips of the wings there
is a large brown spot, in which are
many scales of bronze or gold. The
hind wings are grayish-brown in color.
Taken as whole, the coloring of the
moth is such that, when resting on
old grayish bark, it is so like the bark
that it is not easily distinguished.
The moth lays her eggs, a few days
after emergence, on the leaves of ap-
pie or other food plant, or on the
fruit. A majority of the eggs of the
first generation are laid on the leaves,
while the greater part of those of the
second generation are laid upon the
fruit. ~
The Egg.
The eggs of this insect were never
noted until within comparatively re-
cent years. They are of pearly white
color and are like thin convex disks.
Around the edge there is a coarse net
work of ridges, while toward the CEN
ter these ridges are finer.
A red ring, which indicates the en-
bryo, appears in the egg few days
after it is laid. In about eleven days
varying somewhat with temperature)
the young larva breaks its way out
of the shell and seeks to enter the
fruit.
The Larva.
This is the most important stage of
the insect, for not only does it do it's
injury in the larval condition, but that
is the stage in which it is most amen
able to remedial measures.
Recent work tends to show that a
large number of the larvae which
hatch from eggs deposited on the
leaves eat small portions of the leaves
before finding fruit. The larvae have
some difficulty in entering the smooth
sides of the fruit; hence they usually
enter at the calyx or take advantage
of some irregularity in the surface
About 80 per cent. of the larvae of the
first generation enter the fruit by way
of the calyx, while the majority of
the second generation enter at the
sides, especially where fruits are
touching Upon entering the fruit, the
larva feeds Immediately under the sur
face for a few days and then COM
mences tunnel toward the center of
the fruit, where it eats out large
cavity. Frass and excrement which
are thrown out characterize a wormy
fruit. The larva, which is well-known
to all fruit growers, lives in the fruit
about twenty days and grows pinkish
or whitish, until it is about five-eighths
of an inch in length, when, being full
grown, it makes a tunnel to the out
side of the fruit, the entrance of which
is filled with frass and silk. When
ready to leave the apple this plug is
pushed out. The larva then crawls
out and Immediately seeks a place in
which to spin it's cocoon.
The Cocoon.
The places of spinning the cocoon
vary with the surroundings. Cocoons
have been observed in the following
DlaceS. In holes and cracks in the
The ranch. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1902-1914, 1903-07-01
THE CONTROL OF THE COOLING
MOTH.


Every one is familiar with the in
jury caused by the codling moth Gear
pocapsa pomonella, Linn, but very
few know the insect which causes the
irregular cavity in the apple and rem
ders it unfit for use.
If Injurious insects were classified
according to the monetary loss caused
by them, the codling moth would I'M
doubtedly rank first among insects in
furious to fruits, as it causes more
loss than all other fruit insects COM
bined. 1t has been estimated that
from one-fourth to one-half of the ap-
pie crop of the United States is either
totally ruined or materially injured by
it. In many large areas this insect
would cause a total loss if it were al
lowed to take it's natural course. BY
the use of the best measures of con-
troll, the larger part of this loss could
be prevented, as many apple growers
in badly infested regions are saving
from S5 to SO per cent. of their fruit
each year.
Distribution and Spread.
The original home of this insect was
most probably in Southeastern Europe
the home of the apple. 1t has fol-
lowed closely the distribution OF the
apple until it is now found in almost
every country in the world, and is in
furious in every apple growing section
of any Importance in the United
States.
1t is spread principally by the ship
ping of infested fruits. When the fruit
is picked and packed the young larvae
are often inside, and when they COM
plete their development they crawl out
of the fruit and spin cocoons. When
the moths emerge they fly to the near
est orchard and deposit their eggs.
When orchards are but little distance
apart the moths fly from one to an
other. The system of returning empty
boxes in which apples have been sent
to market has, in many localities,
fastened the local distribution.
Fruits Infested.
The apple is the natural food of this
insect and sustains almost all the
loss occasioned by it. In most local1-
ties the winesap and LAWYER apples
are usually less attacked than other
vrieties, while the Pewaukee and Ort-
ley varieties are usually badly at
tackled. The resistance of these and
other varieties is variable and depends
upon many local conditions. Pears are
next in the order of infestation. Ii
apples are present, pears are usually
not badly infested, but if there are few
apples and large numbers of the in
sect, the pears suffer heavy loss.
This insect has been noted feeding on
the ounce, prune, plum, peach and
cherry, but never in sufficient numbers
to cause any great amount of injury.
Life History of the Insect.
A good knowledge of the life history
of this insect is the first essential to
it's control. Every fruit grower should
familiarize himself with it's different
stages by studying the insect in his
own orchard.
Hibernation.
The codling moth passes the winter
in the larval stage. The larvae may
be found encased in silken cocoons in
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1903-04-28
CHAUTAUQUA A SUCCESS.
Thousands of Visitors Have Gath
cred in Albany.


Albany, Ga, April 27.-The atten-
dance upon the exercises of the fifteenth
assembly yesterday and to-day is un-
precendented in the history of the
Georgia Chautauqua. There are
thousands of visitors in the city, and
the success of the assembly is al
ready assured.
Interest to-day has conferred in the
four chautauqua medal contests, there
being twenty-six contestants repre-
senting fourteen counties. The boys
oratorical contest took place this morn
ing, the girls contest in elocution this
afternoon and the contests in vocal and
instrumental music tonight.
Such enthusiasm as was manifested
by to-night's immense audience has
seldom been shown in the auditorium.
The following award of medals was
announced Walters medal, oratory, to
Gordon Glausier, of Mitchell county.
The Laura Clementine Davis medal,
elocution, to Miss Maud Reich, Dough-
erty county; the Laura Clementine
Davis medal, instrumental music, to
Miss Exa Brown, Dougherty county;
the Laura Clementine Davis medal
vocal music, to Miss Dora Belle Gill
bert, Dougherty county.
Ten thousand visitors win be in the
city tomorrow, which will be Govern
or's and Military day.
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1903-04-28
TERMINAL COMPANY
MAKES ITS RETURNS.
Georgia and AIabama's Franchise
Worth $I,OOO-News from Atlanta.

Georgia and AIRbama's Franchise
Worth $I,OOO-News from Atlanta.
Atlanta, April 27.AController Gen
eral w. A. Wright received to-day the
first tax return of the year from a cor
poration of magnitude. 1t came from
the Georgia and Alabama Terminal
Company of Savannah. This company
returned its physical property at $780,
OBS, as against $4S2, OBS for 1892. How
ever, it put the value of its franchise
at only 81 900.
The increase of $125,0O0 in the value
of the physical property is considered
gratifying, but the controller general
is at a loss to know what to think of
the small value of the company's fran
chse. The company reports 100000 of
stock of no value and 81, 900 of FIVE
per cent. bonds. ION which the interest
is paid by the Seaboard Air Line Rail
road Company under the rental con-
tract.
The controller general will not act
on any of the returns until they have
all been received, which will be within
the course of ten days or two weeks.
Mathews Took Morphine.
W. A. Mathews, a well-known young
man, who has recently been living in
New York, is in the county Jail. recov-
ering from the effect of an overdose of
morphine. He denies he took the drug
with a suicidal intent. On Saturday he
was ordered to Jail by Judge Lumpkin
for failing to make a report which had
been demanded of him as receiver. On
the way TO Jail he attempted to escape,
but stumbled and fell just as the dep
uty sheriff was about to shoot. When
caught he was threa tened with shoot
ing If he tried to get away again, and
replied: i would rather be dead than
go to jail
1t is stated that every cent of the
money involved in the case was proper
ly applied, and Mathews failure to
make the report was due to lack of
memory as to what had been done with
it.
Eleven True Bills Found.
The grand jury of the United States
court found eleven true bills against G..
H. Sims, the defaulting collection clerk
of the Capital City Bank. One of these
was of the embezZlement of more than
500. 900, and the others were for forgery
and making false entries. If convicted
and sentenced in each case it would be
possible for the court TO send Sims to
the penitentiary for the balance of his
life.
Greater Georgia at Albany.
President ]. X Orr and half a dozen
members of the Greater Georgia Asso-
citation, will leave the city early Tues
day morning for Albany, where they go
TO hold a session of the association on
Tuesday. similar to that recently held |
in Savannah.
For n New Railroad.
Secretary of State Phil Cook to-day |
granted a charter to the East and West |
Railroad, to run from Sparta to San |
dersville. The capital stock of the |
company is $50, 000
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1903-04-28
---olIH-e--
WHERE MOVEMENT STARTED.
How Memorial Day Was Observed
i'm Augusta.

i'm Augusta.
Augusta, April 27.-Augusta enjoys
the distinction of having organized the
first Confederate Survivors Associa-
ton. and the first Ladies' Memorial As
ISOLATION; of first rearing a handsome
monument to the Confederate dead.
and of uniforming the first veterans
camp in Confederate gray.
Augusta has always manifested a
lively interest in Memorial Day The
two Confederate veterans camps al
ways have their annual meeting. and
appropriate exercises in the forenoon
and in the afternoon the veterans
and all the local military companies
parade. winding up their march at the
soldiers section in the cemetery, where
an Grafton is delivered under the aus
pices of the Ladies Memorial Associa-
ton.
At the survivors meeting this morn
ing, Mr.. j. c. c. Black spoke eloquent
ly, declaring in the course of his re-
marks that he wanted to see a monu-
ment reared to Jefferson Davis an
other of the finest marble and majes-
TIC proportions to the women of the
South. and a third on the battlefield
OF Chickamauga to the memory of both
armies and inscribed. This is a tribute
from American patriotism to Ameri-
can valor."
The afternoon is made a half holiday
by most of the merchants, and there
was a large outpouring of the people
Tor the parade and decoration of the
soldiers graves. The orator of the day
was Bryson Crane, Esq, a member of
the City Council and of the Augusta
bar. who pronounced a mastery pane
gyric on the Confederate soldier. He
was eloquently introduced by Judge
William T. Gary
1t has been an ideal spring day, and
flowers were abundant.
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1903-04-28
SPECIAL NOTICES.
BIDS WANTED.

Office Director of Public Works, Sa-
vannah, Ca, April rs. 1sO3.-Bids will
be received at, this office until Thurs
day, April 30, 1903, at IL O'Clock noon
(city tf1ne), by the Streets and Lanes
Committee, for furnishing feed as fol-
lows: s-E
No. Timothy Hay, per 100 pounds.
No. Timothy, Hay, per 100 pounds.
Best quality Mixed Oats, to be
weighed at City Lots.
Envelopes, to be marked Bids for
Feed" The city reserves the right
10 reject any and all bids. Preference
given to party who can deliver feed
from one location. Bids to be opened
in presence of bidder.
GEO. M. GADSDEN,
Director OF Public Works.
Sealed proposals will be received at
this Office until Thursday, April 80,
1903, at II o'clock, noon Getty time), by
the Street and Lanes Committee to
furnish the city with supplies until
May 81, 1903.
All proposals must be made on of
fetal forms, which can be secured at
this Office on or after this date.
Envelopes to be marked Proposals
for Supplies" The city reserves the
right to reject any, and all bids. Bids
to be opened in the presence of the
bidders. ~.
GEO. M. GADSDEN,
- Dbl 10
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1903-04-28
KEEL WoN'T SERVE.
He VIII Not Arbitrate the New Or
leans Labor Trouble.

ne w MOI the new UE~
leans Labor Trouble.
New Orleans. April 27.-Under the
agreement with the steamship agents
reached yesterday, the screw men to-
day reported for work on the levee
front, and loading of cotton was re-
sumed. The terms of the agreement
were that the old condition should pre-
vail until Daniel J. Keefe, president of
the International Longshoremen, had
arbitrated the differences. President
Brittin of the Cotton Exchange has,
however. received a telegram from Mr..
Keefe. who declines to serve as arbi-
traitor and 1T is not improbable that
the screw men will cease work unless
the agents agree to a continuance of
the old conditions, pending another eff
fort to agree on an arbitrator
President Keefe suggested that
James E. Porter, sixth vice president,
could serve in his stead as arbitrator
of the trouble. Porter, however, is
not likely to prove acceptable.
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1903-04-28
Suspect Arrested at stiIImOre.

Stillmore. Ga. April 27.-The town
marshal made what he believes to be
an important arrest this morning. He
has now under lock the pArty. a negro
probably 30 years old, who has shackle
marks on right leg and a sore place
on ankle, probably made by cutting
shackles from the leg. The negro Is
trying 70 feign insanity, but Is not
crazy. he says his name il Nathan
Johnson. He tells a different story to
every one who asks him 70 give AN ac-
count Of himself.
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1903-04-28
Temple. Tex. Dec. 20, 1902.

Temple, Tex, Dec. 20, 1902.
P. P. P. Co., Savannah, Ga:
Gentlemea-I have spent all I made
in twenty years trying to cure case
of Catarrh Opthalmie and Chronic
Hepatitis I contracted during the late
civil war. and one year I spent $4,000
and found no relief until 1 bought of
R. S. Hamill, Temple, Tex, Eve bot
ties of P. P. p, made by P. P. p. Co.
1 have been completely relieved, and
can do more work than any man that
is Sc years old. can read now with
out spectacles. I could read before
commencing with spectacles. Yours
truly, (signed) S. A. SEELY.
The above certificate has been sent
us from R. S. Hamill, proprietor Palace
Drug Store. Temple, Tex. Yours truly,
P. P. P. CO.. Savannah, Ga.
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1903-04-28
GEO. M. GADSDEN,
Director of Public Works
DO NOT OVERLOOK

the important matter of insurance.
See that your property is thoroughly
protected against fire and storms. Ac-
cident and sickness insurance is also
important, providing for loss of time
from either of these causes. The
Standard policies are suitable to any
requirement. A life policy is a neces-
sity and any policy-holder OF the
Mutual Benefit will recommend the
company for fairness and liberality,
and excellence of the contract.
w. T. HOPKINS, Agent,
IS Bryan street, east Both phones 219.
Chas. Inglesby, Manager.
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1903-04-28
---------------s-
IN A FIRE AT ROME
Property Valued nt $4,000 Was
Destroyed.

Rome, Ga. April 27.-Three large
frame buildings, owned by the Bale es-
. tate, fronting on the Oostanaula river,
were destroyed by fire tonight at $3.50
o'clock. The loss is about $4,000.
For a while it looked as if the Court
House and adjoining buildings could
not be saved. But for the hard work
of the firemen, thousands of dollars
worth of property would have been
destroyed.
Several thousand people watched the
fire, the heat from which was intense,
and many had their clothes burned
while passing along the street nearby
The origin of the fire in unknown.
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1903-04-28

Sparks, Ga, April 27,-During the
past week the Nashville and Sparks
Railroad received a shipment of eight
carloads of new steel rails. This road
has already replaced, from Nashville
to within a mile and half of Sparks,
the light rail with new and heavier
rail, and this shipment will be suffi-
cient to complete the road with
heavy rail into Sparks.
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1903-04-28
SPECIAL NOTICES.
NOTICE OF DIssOITTHON.

Savannah, Ga, April 81, 1903.
Inc partnership heretofore existing
between j. Pinkussohn and Joseph
Read Solomon, under the firm name of
j. Pfnkussohn- & Ce:9has this dav been
plssolved by mutual consent. i, J, Pin
kussohn having purchased the interest
OF Joseph Read Solomon, will continue
the business at the same stand and
will alone sign the firm name in uquf-
oatioh ]. 'PINKUSSOHN.
7 p cor ONION
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1903-04-28
TAX CONSTITUTIONAL.
Obstacles to NEW orlepTs Sewer
Works Removed.

New Orleans, April 27.-All obstacles
to the sewerage work in New Orleans
were removed to-day by a decision of
the Supreme Court. unfolding the con-
stitutionality of the, amendments pro-
viding for the tax under which a bond
issue of $12, 100000 was made. The le-
gality of the bonds was attacked be-
cause the proposed constitutional
amendments had not been read three
times in full in each branch of the
General Assembly. The court held that
reading in full was not absolutely es-
sential.
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1903-04-28
HOSTETTER'S
STOMACH BITTERS

Is entitled to the highest praise as a
family medicine if you judge it by it's
merit and record of cures during the
past fifty years. No other remedy can
take its place, because it is the best
that science can produce as a cure for
Belching, Heartburn, Indigestion Bill
iousness, Dyspepsia, Insomnia and
Nervousness. 1t is also an excellent
tonic and blood purifier. Don't fail to
try it. 1t has never been known to fail.
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1903-04-28

ONE NEGRO KILLED TWO.
Game of Craps Near Talbotton Re-
suited Fatally.

Talbotton, Ca, April GA double
murder occurred at negro church,
three miles from Talbotton, yesterday,
on Waverly Hall road.
Judge Malone, Pete Harvey, Shep
Veasey and John Malone were playing
craps near the church. and dispute
arose. John Malone, the father-in- law
Of Judge Malone. requested Judge to
kill Veasey and Harvey, which ne did.
Both negroes escaped, but John Ma
hone was arrested to-day and placed
in Talbotton jail Judge Malone is
still at large, and is thought to be in
Atlanta. He is q years old, has a
small mustache, black complexion and
Is six feet tall.
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1903-04-28
FUNERAL INVITATIONS.

TOOMER. The relatives and friends
of Mrs. Adam Rogers and Mrs. Lewis
B. Toomer are invited to attend the
funeral of their daughter Daisy r.
Toomer, from Beth Eden Baptist
Church, Tuesday at p. m.