davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1903-08-06
Plus X.

The 81 Roman Catholic cardinals,
upon whom devolved the duty of
selecting a pope to succeed Leo
XIII, have elected a man after a
four days session. Tuesday, Guisep-
pc Sarto of Venice was chosen by a
unanimous vote. It required two
thirds vote to elect, and when it
was seen that no one of those active
ly seeking the place could be chosen
they united upon Sarto, "dark
horse" The new pope is 68 years
old. He is said to be kindly, man
and profound scholar.
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1903-08-06
westward Ho!"

1t is said that in the neighborhood
of 10000 people passed through
St. Paul for the west this season.
About half this number went to the
Pacific coast states and to Montana
and Idaho; about the same number
to the n. w. Territories of Canada
and the rest to western Minnesota
and Dakota. Not all these were
seeking homes, or rather did not
take land, either by purchase from
private parties or from he govern
ment. Indeed it is doubtful if one
half the number going to Washing
ton, Oregon, Idaho and Montana,
became actual settlers. Many went
to visit or for health; some to take
land under the stone and timber act !;
some to work at trades or IN the
mills or on the farms. Many of
these people returned or will do so
this fall. The volume of emigration
this season was not nearly as great
as last. Railway officials say the
falling off in the number of home
seekers is due to the fact of the rapid
advance in the price of land in the
70, xxyeete.-,1 states
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1903-08-06

til people had learned something of
literature which is a science of much
later development than that of num-
bers. In the Roman notation the
method adopted was exclusively the
vertical line, every number being
represented by as many adjacent
lines as there were units in the num-
Der. When the number ten was
reached the marks were crossed, and
the cross, or x, was used for ten,
dropping out the vertical lines. One
hundred was denoted in this way of
abbreviating, or consolidating, the
modes of expressing the numbers by
a square, q one thousand by two
triangles that somewhat resembled
the letter Nj, which is now used in
its place. Now here is a curious
feature of this system, for while like
the other it makes use of the deci-
NAL method it is divided into the
half decimal, in this differing from
the other. They counted by tens,
but went back to half the aggregate
number of tens. l, V, X: Il, s, 10;
but the V is half of X, and express
ed by taking the upper half of the
cross *. One hundred, the square,
q, Cor using the curve, and later the
letter c. and the left half would be
80, or T.. One thousand, now ex-
pressed by M, has its half expressed
by D, as these letters nearest resem-
bled the angular forms first used to
express those numbers.
But we started out to discuss
the significance especially of those
words that express number and this
must be deferred to next week.
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1903-08-06
WHITE GRUB.
(Lachnosterna SPY

The insects popularity known as
''white grubs" are very numerous
this year and are damaging pastures,
hay fields and lawn. These grubs
are the larvae of one or two species
of May beetles June bugs which
fly about dwellings during the warm
evenings Of May.
LIFE HISTORY.
The beetles appear during the
early part of May and soon after the
females deposit their eggs among
the roots of grasses and other succu-
lent plants. These eggs soon hatch
and the young grubs begin to feed
on the roots. During the latter
part of summer the grubs reach ma
turity and construct rude chambers
or cocoons in which they transform
into perfect beetles. The beetles do
not leave the ground until the fol-
lowing spring, when the same round
of life is repeated. Some species of
white grub require two years to
mature.
APPEARANCE OF THE GRUB.
IF the grubs are present in suffi-
Gent number, the root system of the
plants is completely devoured and
the plants die. The eating capacity
of these grubs is enormous. A sim
gle grub will devour more than its
own weight of food in day. The
presence of the grubs, which is not
noticeable until considerable damage
has been done, is indicated by the
gradual whitening and drying up of
the sod. The top layer of the sod,
to the depth of about two inches, is
separate from the rest of the roots so
chat it may be rolled up like blan-
ket.
Ordinarily the grubs are not pres
ent in sufficient number to cause
noticeable damage, being kept in
check by parasites and birds. The
ravages by this pest is now at its
height in many places and within
short time the grubs will be full
grown and enter into the pupa stage,
after which they do not feed on the
roots. Whether the presence Of the
grubs this year will cause an cpl
demic next year, depends upon
weather conditions and parasites.
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1903-08-06
REMEDIES.

Since the grubs feed under ground,
the application of Paris green and
other arsenious poisons is not prac-
ticable. Infested pastures and mead
ows should be fall-plowed, rather
shallow, and narrowed a few times
before the winter sets in so as to ex-
pose the insects to the winter wealth
er. It is not advisable to plant bad
ly infested land to corn, especially if
it has been plowed in the spring.
Clean culture is the most effective
way of fighting this insect.
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1903-08-06
TREATMENT OF LAWNS.

Infested lawns may be treated as
follows: dissolve five pounds of COM
mon brown laundry soap in barrel
of water and apply the solution to
the infested lawn, thoroughly satu-
rating it. Then water thoroughly
to carry the solution further down.
This remedy will not kill the grubs
if they have already constructed
their chambers. Where the grass
is killed before the pest is discovered
do not disturb the surface, first kill
the grubs, then sow lawn grass
seed, rake the sod lightly and water
when the top becomes dry. In the
fall apply a liberal dressing of barn
yard manure. The grass seed may
be sown any time provided the soil
is kept moist. Wisconsin Agricul-
tural Experiment Station, Madison,
Wis. Z. 4. SANDsTEN,
Horticulturist.
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1903-08-06

1t is said that the selection of
Sarto as pope is victory for Amer
lea. Cardinal Gibbons of Baltimore
was successful in preventing the ele-
walton of Rampolla 20 the pontificate
by arraying all the foreign cardinals
against him and in behalf of Sarto.
The new pope is known to be a
man of liberal ideas and it is believed
he will follow in the footsteps of
Leo in pursuing a conciliatory pol
icu
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1903-08-06

We cannot be certain as to the
value of news from China. This
may be seen by frequent conflicting
statements. The latest announce
ments are to the effect that the gov
eminent proposes to take some long
steps backward. But if European
nations, excepting Russia, are to be
excluded from Chinese trade there is
trouble ahead.
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1903-08-06

Of oil kinds executed
with neatness and dis
patch. Prices reason
able.
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1903-08-06

Twenty-one persons have been
indicted as a consequence of the in
vestigation into the irregularities of.
the postal service.
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1903-08-06
STUDENTS ADMITTED AT ANY TIME.

STUDENTS ADMITTED AT ANY TIME.
English, Latin and German Courses of -Four
Years. These lead up to the Diploma which
becomes Life State Certificate.
Elementary Course of Two Years This leads
up to Five Years State Certificate.
No Tuition to those who enter these with in
tention to teach in Wisconsin.
Tuition by the quarter In Preparatory, $3.50;
Grammar Grades, $780, intermediate, 81 90;
Primary, 81 so; kindergarten is Free.
The Model Schools are MODEL and merit the
excellent patronage they have always re-
ceived.
For other information address
w. j. BRIER, President.
Custer County Republican. (Broken Bow, Neb.) 1882-1921, 1903-12-03
GIRLS PLEASE DON'T.
Undertake to read aloud unless
you pronunciation Is correct.

Undertake to read aloud unless
your pronunciation Is correct.
Eat as though you regarded the
act the chief aim of life.
Think men take your pcdantic
utterlncCs with any seriousness.
Fail to keep at a distance the man
who liatters all the time.
Believe the youth who prates
about his high ciai position.
Mention the name Of men when
in crowded assembly.
Drag your religious views to the
'front.' where there is no excuse there
for.
Say alleged smart things to a man
unless sure Of your ground.
Profess to know more than you
really do when In the company OF
men.
Take up learned subjects for dis
cuss on because men are your audit
ors. philadelphia Bulletin.
Custer County Republican. (Broken Bow, Neb.) 1882-1921, 1903-12-03
What Mrs. Booth Has Done.

Prisoners need friendship, and the
touch of human sympathy far more
than preaching or argument We fol-
lowed up personal interviews with cor
respondence. 1t was wonderful how
the hearts of the men were touched
and opened to US. In no field have !
found a quicker or deeper response to
the message delivered, and there has
certainly been time to prove that this
Is not mere passing emotion or re-
vival enthusiasm but O deep, lasting
work.
AS men began TO take the decisive
step and declare their intention to lead
different lives, It became evident that
organization would be wise to band
them together and make them show
their colors In way that would
strengthen and safeguard them. To
meet this need we started the V. p. L..
or Volunteer Prison League.
Since the league was started, OF the
$4,000 men now behind prison walls In
the United States, $4,000 have been en-
rolled under our dag - Leslie'l
Monthly.
Custer County Republican. (Broken Bow, Neb.) 1882-1921, 1903-12-03
To Foil Mutton.

Boiled mutton is not a poetlcal dish
but it is n good standby for the family
dinner. 1t appears much oftener on
the English tables than on American.
The leg on boiling should be quite
fresh. Wipe, remove all the fat and
put into a kettle of well-salted boil
Ing water. AS 1t begins to boil, skim
frequently, then set back on the range
and simmer slowly, allowing twenty
minutes to each pound Of meat. A lit
tie rice is frequently boiled with the
mutton. Serve with a thick capcr
sauce poured over the mutton and
eurrant jelly. The caper sauce Is
merely drawn-butter sauce, made by
combining a scant half-cup Of butter
with two tablespoonfuls OF -four in y
saucepan, adding when bubbly one
pint Of the hot water in which the
mutton was boiled, seasoning to taste
md adding at the least six tablespoon.
fuls of capers or picked nasturtiunl
seeds
Custer County Republican. (Broken Bow, Neb.) 1882-1921, 1903-12-03
Knew Human Nature.

81 came to the city to attend to
some details Of the Worlds FaiL
matters" said Ex-Governor w. d.
Hoard "but l brought new story
with me. A teacher, 10 one of our
schools had talked long and fuith-i
fully TO her class, until she bad
thoroughly drilled into 1T the ideal
that. when man has two wives 1t 10.
bigamy; when he exceeds two 1T be-
comes polygamy; while to have butt
one Is monogaDy.
Next day, while the directors
were present, she held an examina-
tion and asked a boy the following
questions:
" What is it when man has
two wives?"
'BiRamy.'
what IS it when he has moro
than two
'Polygamy.'
what is 1t when he has only
one?'
'Monotony" the urchin shouted,l
proving that bis knowledge Of MARI
ried life was not cntined to the /
classroom. ''-Milwaukee Sentinel.
Custer County Republican. (Broken Bow, Neb.) 1882-1921, 1903-12-03
Pntato Snlnd.

One of the best methods of serving
cold potatoes is to make them into
salad. Cut them in any convenient
form, add one small onion finely chop
ped and a little celery. Mix thorough
ly with dressing made as follows:
Break into bowl the yolks of three
eggs, add a pinch of red pepper, tea
spoonful Of made mustard, teaspoon.
ful Of salt, and beat hard. Add of best
oil, beating constantly, enough to make
the dressing MS thick as cake batter,
alternating occasionally with a few
drops of sharp vinegar Finish by add
Ing one cupful Of thick cream-sweet
or sour
Custer County Republican. (Broken Bow, Neb.) 1882-1921, 1903-12-03

Correspondents OF a family paper
published ia Scotland are discussing
the relative rewards Of girls who work
at home and those employed outside.
The girls who help their mothers in
the housework complain that, although
teachers have a long summer holiday,
and girls In shops and Offices get a
weeks or a foItnlghts vacation, fire.
quently with salary, the "housework
girl" is expected to keep at work the
year round. Again 1t Is asserted that
the girl who stays at home has to
work harder and longer than the ona
who takes situation In which the
charged that the housework girl re.
ceives less consideration from the
family than those who are bringing
in money"--that no one seems to rCa
ize that she saves her household the
wages which otherwise might have
to be paid to servant. Elderly con-
tributors to the discussion, who wish,
apparently, to reconcile the housewOrk
girl to her position, have pointed out
that she will make n better wife than
the girl who has had no experience IN
the management OF q household. But
to this the compliments have retorted
that their opportunities to marry are
comparatively limited, anyway, be.
cause the sisters who are employed out
side the home have so many moro
chances to meet eligible young men
Such n discussion might easily become
general and continuous, for American
as well as Scotch girls are directly in
terested in 1t, and arguments on bo,t
sides abound Yet when all is said the
fact remains that no one can d1termiuC
for another whether she personally
should make herself useful in the home
or seek employment elsewhere. The
question is not so much one of adyan
tages to be gained as it Is Of duty &c
be done.
Custer County Republican. (Broken Bow, Neb.) 1882-1921, 1903-12-03
Read, Like n Miracle.

Friarspont, Miss, Nov. 30.--The
Butler case still continues to be the
talk of the town. Mr.. G.. l.. Butler,
the father of the little boy, says:
"The doctor said my boy had disease
of the spinal chord, and treated him
for two months, during which he got
worse all the time. Finally, the doctor
told me he did not know what was the
trouble. The boy would wake up dur
ing the night and say that he was
dying He would be nervous and trem-
bling and would want to run from the
house, saying he saw ugly things
which frightened him. After we had
tried everything else, l read an adver-
tisement Of Dodd's Kidney Pills as a
cure for Nervous Troubles. l pur-
chased some and used them until he
had taken altogether eight boxes,
when he was sound and well with
not single symptom of the old trou-
bic. This was some months ago, and
feel sure that he is permanently
cured. We owe to DOdd's Kidney Pills
all the credit for his restoration to
good health"
Custer County Republican. (Broken Bow, Neb.) 1882-1921, 1903-12-03

their Ills aud Their burdens TheI
arc bound in letters OF precedent A
tile looks as big as 1t did 800 years
ago. The average Brltisher doesn't
preach equality, because he doesn't be-
neve in equality. lie ducks his head
and says, God save the King even
when his stomach Is hollow and his
pockets empty. He seems to enjoy
being plundered so long as the hand
in his wallet is hltched to a lord. lie
isn't ready for liberty. The chances
are that centuries Will pass before he
discovers that God made men In his
image, and that men made kings. If
you don't believe 1t, think Of the 500.
600 year that is stlll going to a Duke
Of Richmond.
Custer County Republican. (Broken Bow, Neb.) 1882-1921, 1903-12-03
Stuffed Mushrooms.

Chop one shallot, saute in half ia
blespoonful of butter. Remove the in
sides Of mushrooms, chop with half
the stalks and add to the shallot; add a
little good broth. tSteep the remaining
stalks In one-third cup Of water for
mushroom broth or gravy.) Cook for
one baf hour, then season with salt
pepper and nutmeg. Add chopped pars,
ley, butter, yolks of two eggs fresh
crumbs and little lemon juice. Fill
the mushrooms, place In pan well
buttered. Bake thirty minutes. Mois
ten with the gravy. Garnish with
parsley.
Custer County Republican. (Broken Bow, Neb.) 1882-1921, 1903-12-03

There is no doubt that we are a
zone sided" race Mentally and physi-
cally we are one-slded. We get on one
side of a question and we cling to Ii
with bulldog tenacity. And this is
not said in dlsparagemnet of the race.
The world has little use for n two
sided man or for "straddler"-
the man who gets on both sides
of a proposition at once. We want a
man to take one side Of proposition,
to have reason for It, and to stand
pat" This is the mark OF individu-
allty. 1t was the physical one-sid2d-
ness Of the race, however, that occu.
Linda r, Wade of the Western Dress
makers Association In her address to
the association at the opening session
OF its convention in st. Louis. She
said: Not once in FIVE years have l
found woman among my customers
Perhaps it Is one hip that is higher,
one arm that is longer, one shoulder
that Is more developed, one side that
is longer-there is always something
that Is not perfect" What Mrs. Wade
says of women Is equally true Of men.
1t Is a rare thing to find physically
perfect mana man who Is not enc
sided all the way through. This 10 as-
counted for by the fact that not less
than 90 per cent Of the human family
are right handed AS q rule. II a child
shows any tendency toward ambtleN-
terity or toward the use Of the left
hand more than the right bis parents
Immediately take measures to check il
and to teach him to use the right hand
for most of his physical tasks. In this
way we have become a one-sided race
The right arm Is stronger and better
developed than the left arm. The same
Is true of the right hip, the right
shoulder, the right leg. The only diff
ference between the sexes in this re
gard is in the greater genius of the
woman for correcting this defect
through resort to the skilHu devices
of the dressmaker,
Custer County Republican. (Broken Bow, Neb.) 1882-1921, 1903-12-03

Three gills Of rice, one-Quarter
pound butter, one-Quarter pound sugar,
one quart Of milk, one teaspoonful
salt, six eggs, one and half pounds
raisins or currants, one-half table
spoonful cinnamon, n little rose water
one grated nutmeg; boil the rice with
lemon peel in the milk till soft; mix
butter, sugar and eggs; dredge the
fruit with -four and put in with the
cinnamon, last; bake one hour and q
half.
Custer County Republican. (Broken Bow, Neb.) 1882-1921, 1903-12-03

Chop fine one-quarter of pound OF
fat salt pork, put into a deep KEITH"
with two large white onions, chopped
fine, and cook for ten minutes without
browning. Add one pine of raw pota-
toes cut into half-inch dice and sutfi.
cient boiling water to cover Cook for
ten minutes, add one pint of corn cut
or scraped from the ear, salt and pep
per to taste and simmer for fifteen
minutes longer. Have ready one pint
of milk made into thin sauce with
one tablespoonful of butter and one
and one-half tablespoonfuls of -four
Add to the chowder with more season.
ing If necessary and boil up twice.
Custer County Republican. (Broken Bow, Neb.) 1882-1921, 1903-12-03
WITH NATURE IN THE WOODS.

Tho Time We Go There, However,
without a Fowliug Piece.
think the day will come, and it is
not, perhaps, so distant as it seems,
when the idea of killing anything for
pleasure will seem so strange as to be
scarcely credible. The Anglo-Saxon's
proverbial pastime Of going out and
killing something will seem hardly less
amazing that the gladiatorial shows.
All, yesl to know all the birds of the
wood-without gun! With gun
how can one know them, what fasci-
mating knowledge man misses! A
dead bird A handful of blood-stained
rion for the sexton beetle or for the
feasting fly! But the living bird
what a vivid, mysterious creature it is,
with its lovely bright eyes, and those
sad vowels in its throat! 1t seems
strange to think of what that little
head knows, secrets of nature eternal-
ly hidden from us. Is not the bird it.
self one of natures secrets? The wood
land, which TO us is wilderness, is
to him n city, of which he knows all
the streets and all the inhabitants. All
the invisible highways of the mir are
to him like well-trodden paths, and
when he darts off in that apparently
casual way he very well knows width
er he is going and what business takes
him. When he sits and whistles by
tbn bour IN Gonna Swo vino DinDoplp If
the greenwood there is some meaning
In all beyond the music. That mean
ing will ever be hidden from us. IL
we could know 1t, as Tennyson said OF
the flower in the crannied wall" we
should know what God and man are. "
If, instead of shooting the bird
scotching the snake, smashing the bee
tie and pinching the tiny life out OF
the butterfly, we were to watch any
one of these creatures on a summer
day, the day would pass ike an hour
so packed with exciting experience il
would seem. Through what mysteri
Gus coverts OF the woodland, into what
Ia haunted underworld OF tunnelet
banks and hidden bitches and secre
passages the snake would show us The
way; and we should have strange
hearts If, as we thus watched /
through its mysterious day, we did no
find our dislike of the clever It'll,
creature dying away, and even chang
ing into a deep tenderness toward TIL
small, sef-reliant life, SO lonely specl
IF existence In so vast worid.-Juliu
Norregard In Success