davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1903-10-16
II SI.sS
DYNAMITE II AGAIN
eLAckMAlLERs MAKE THREATS
TO DEsTRoY N. p. PROP.
.ERTY GOOD.
ENGINE WRECKED NEAR HELENA
DETECTIVES, sHER,FFs AND
HLooDHouNDs BEGIN
THE CHASE.
FINAL CAPTURE IS CERTAIN
MONEY is NO OBJECT IN THEIR
EFFORTS TO RUN THE
MEN DOWN..

Helena, Mont, Oct. 8.-The North:
ern Pacific suffered again Monday
night from the work Of the dynami-
tiers. At 1890 p. m, when an extra
west-bound freight was near Birds
Eye, which is eight miles west OF
Helena, the explosion occurred. A
portion of the track was destroyed, as
were the pilot of the engine and the
headlight.
The engineer stopped the train
quickly and prevented its being
ditched. News of the outrage was re-
-ceived in Helena by the railroad de-
tectives soon after midnight and a
special train with detectives left for
the scene. Six bloodhounds were
taken.
Chief of Detectives McFetridge and
"a party of officers and detectives re-
turned yesterday from the scene of
the latest dynamite outrage. 1t began
to rain heavily soon after the explo-
sion that wrecked the freight engine
Monday night, and by the time the of!
ficers arrived every trace of the
blackmailers had been washed away.
Bloodhounds were unable to gain a
scent.
Officials Are Concerned.
St. Paul, Oct. 8.-News of the new
dynamite outrage Monday night eight
miles west of Helena, Mont, was re-
ceived with much concern by head
quarters officials of the Northern Pa
cific yesterday and it is not improb-
able that General Manager Thomas
Cooper will go West personally to
take charge of the work of tracing the
outlaws.
Northern Pacific operating officials
until yesterday were confident that
the end of the trouble with the dyna-
miters had been reached. The limit
under which the blackmail demanded
was to have been paid expired Sun.
day without further incident, and it
was believed that nothing further
would be heard of the band until their
capture.
Sure to Catch Them.
The dynamiters, operating officials
believe now, are still within easy
reach of the Montana and Idaho main
line Hundreds of detectives and
state and county officers are searching
for them and track guards have been
doubled and trebled. The precautions
for perfect safety of trains were be-
lieved to be perfect, yet the dyna-
miters made their attack and escaped
There is no question that we will
get these men yet" prominent ex-
ecutive official said yesterday. cit
seems impossible for them to escape
and money is no object in the effort to
capture them. We will refuse to
grant their demands. even though it
costs us five times $4,000 to catch
them and send them over the road
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1903-10-16
Fire at Two Harbors.

Two Harbors, Mimi, Oct. s. Fire
yesterday partially destroyed Spur.
becks building on Poplar street. The
s first floor was occupied by the water
and light departments, F. F. James,
drugs; Harris q Esterly, jewelry: J.
Nv. Brownell tailoring establishment;
i AZ. J McGee, insurance and real es-
tate, and sA.a Q. Hulberg, jeweler. Sew.
\ enteen lodges occupied the second
floor The charters and paraphernalia
were consumed. The aggregate loss
is about $40 900 !; covered by insur-
ence. 3s5
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1903-10-16
charo ed With Serious Crime.

Superior, Wis, Oct. 10-J w. Hop
kins, Waterman at the Russell Miller
mill, was arrested yesterday after
noon on the charge of drugging two
daughters of P. J. Ernisse of the East
end. The man boarded there, and it
is claimed he tried to chloroform the
girls for the purpose of assault while
the rest of the family were out.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1903-10-16
Skeleton in the Woods.

Two Harbors, Mimi, Oct 10. - A
human skeleton has been found in the
woods near Knife river. seven miles
down the shore from here in this
county. 1t was partially buried in
the mud, and a few remnants of
clothing were hanging to the bones.
No clue to its identity is known. The
coroner is investigating.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1903-10-16
Whisky Was strong.

Fargo, N. D., Oct. 9.-The officials
will have the remains of John Minear,
who was killed at Armenia by drinking
bootleg whisky. disinterred and an
analysis made Of his stomach. The
hearing of Keeling. who had the
booze, will be transferred here and
postponed till the results of the analy-
sis are announced. It is now claimed
that Minear took only one drink and
died after walking q few feet.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1903-10-16
Express MESSENGER Insane.

Storm Lake, Iowa, Oct. 8. = w. A.
Fish, of this city has been taken to
the insane hospital at Cherokee. Mr..
Fish became violently insane Thurs
day while on his run as express mes
senger between this city and Des
Moines. He imagined some one was
trying to break into the car. and
emptied his revolver in the car.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1903-10-16
RoBBER GANG BROKEN UP.
One Captured and One Wounded by
Citizens of Oiivet.

Scotland, S d., Oct. 10. - Robbers
entered the courthouse at Olivet last
night about 2 o'clock. but were sur
prised at their work before they sue
ceeded in opening the safe. One was
captured and says he is from Sioux
City and that three men were con-
cerned in the robbery. The rest of
the gang escaped in rig stolen from
the livery at Olivet. One of them was
wounded. Il
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1903-10-16
adj Il kasso i.

Kasson, Mimi, Oct. 8, a tornado
struck Kasson at q p. M. yesterday,
Tunroofng barns and residences.
Much damage was done on the farm
OF g. 7. Goodrich on the south side ott
the village. l5sll
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1903-10-16
Forty Years in the puIpit.

will be the fortieth anniversary of the
ordination Of Rev. Philip Won Rohr Of
this city to the ministry of the Ger
man Lutheran church. nearly all Of
which time he has been pastor of the
st. Martins church in this city, and
for a number OF years past has been
president Of the Wisconsin German
Lutheran synod
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1903-10-16
Ore Begins Moving.

Iron Mountain, Mich, Oct. 10.-The
large steam shovels at the Chaplin
mine stock piles were started yester-
day after being ont of commission for
several weeks on the failure of the
railroads to supply the necessary
number of cars. Ore is moving from
here now at lively rate,
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1903-10-16
Wisconsin Pioneer Dead.

Sparta. Wis, Oct. 8. Abraham
Fairbanks, aged seventy-three, one Of
Sparta's prominent pioneers, died yes
terday morning after months of suf-
fering from cancer. He was veteran
Of the Civil war, and belonged to Com
pany A. Fifty-second Wisconsin yolun-
teers. A wife and five children sur.
viye him.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1903-10-16
"WILD GIRL" WAS A BOY.

Papa Detected the Fraud and Prompt
w Spanked His Runaway Lad.
Dubuque, Iowa. Oct. 8. = Edward
Stolp, a Fort Dodge teamster learned
that Minnie the Wild Girl" whose
feats aroused the awe of thousands of
visitors to the carnival there, was none
other than his fourteen-year-old son,
who ran away from home two years
ago, and administered a spanking TO
the hayward youth before the eyes
Of the curious throng. Minnie" had
just snapped off the head of snake
with her teeth when the elder Stolp
rushed up to the stand, grabbed his
son by the nape of the neck and pro.
ceeded to spank him.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1903-10-16
Richardson Appeals.

.Des Moines, Oct S.Deputy United
States Marshal w, A. Richardson, one
of the Oldest and best known govern
ment officers in Iowa, who was SEN
fenced last week to eighteen years.
for the robbery of P. Sullivan, has pro-
vided an appeal bond and will be re-
leased. /. /. &
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1903-10-16
Big Fire in Lumber Yard.

Menomonie, Wis, Oct. 10. - The
engine house, dry kiln and stock OF
dry lumber of the Irvington Basket
factory was destroyed by fire last
night. Loss. $4,000; fully covered BY
insurance. sS. NJ AZ
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1903-10-16
,'If-I "a ~ -. ], n q 7.g1l1 .
Kick From Horse Is Fatal.

m KICK From HORSE Is e ata1. 74S5
White Lake, S. D., Oct. 8. Harry
NJ. the nine-year-old son Of Mr.. and
Mrs. r. ID. Brown, we'll known resi-
dents Of this section, died as the re.
suit OF injuries he received by being
kicked IN the stomach by horse. ll.l
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1903-10-16
TWO BROTHERS ARRESTED.
They Are Charged With Murder and
Wreckina a Saloon.

Wrecking Saloon.
Missoula, Mont, Oct 9.-John and
Lee Dodson, brothers, were arrested
at their homes four miles west Of
Trout Creek by Sheriff Thompson on
suspicion of being the authors of the
outrage at Trout Creek early Tuesday
morning, when George w. Ragsdale's
saloon was shot up, his bartender.
Frank Udell, killed and Ragsdale's
knee shattered and arm broken with
rifle tails.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1903-10-16
TWELVE DOLLARS FROM SAFES

Poor Nights Work for Robbers at
Heart City.
Des Moines, Iowa, Oct 10. - Safe
blowers wrecked the safes of the Bell
Implement company and the Wheeler
& Wilson Sewing Machine company
at Heart City early yesterday morn
ing and escaped without leaving a
clew. Only $12 was secured in the
two safes.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1903-10-22
Republican Meetings Last Week.

Last Thursday night ut Gray the
republicans had very successful
meeting. Ii was held i'm the nice and
commodious Woodmen's hall. Music
was furnished by the Audubon quar-
tette and brakes orchestra and Mr..
Henshall sang two or three solos.
Hon. Shirley Gilliland, of Glenwood,
made the speech. Ii was able and en-
pertaining. Mr.. Gilliland is one of
the strong political men of the ninth
district. He is candidate for the state
senate this year and has no opposing
candidate. His speech was well re-
ceiyed and will help the cause in that
vicinity. Although the weather was
bad the audience was fairly large.
All the Audubon visitors called on
George Gray and found him improy-
ing and glad to see them.
Friday night the Douglas Center
meeting was we'll attended, the house
being full. Music was the same as at
the Gray meeting. The speech was by
attorney w. III. Moore, of Guthrie
Center, young lawyer OF ability.
Inc speech was a clear presentation
OF the political issues. The meeting
was enthusiastic.
Saturday night the first political
meeting ever held in Hamlin Station
was held in Johnson 81 Carstensen's
implement room, The room was seat
ed with plank, well lighted and decor
ated with the flag. A big audience
was there. II. II. Blume and w. III.
Moore spoke presenting the issues
ably and eloquently. Mr.. Mott, can
didate for representative, also spoke
briefly at all these meetings.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1903-10-22

Considerable reference has been
made by the Advocate to the fact that
the editor of this paper has been
drawing pay from the county for
county printing, and several times it
has made false charges saying in sub
stance that we have over-charged.
We do not intend to reply in detail to
these mean attacks. We will say,
however, that in our opinion the only
thing the matter with the Advocate is
that it is not receiving the printing
from the county offices instead of the
REPUBLICAN. 1t is not a duty to the
public, but selfish wish that causes
him to act thus. We would be pleas
ed to have it or to have any citizen
compare our bills for printing that
we have done for the county with
those the Advocate has done. Our
bills are generally lower. We think
our prices are right to the county,
only such as we receive from the pub
lie. The public doubtless observed
the bids that were made on publishing
the financial report. 1t was $3.50 or
over 20 per cent higher than we were
on the same job. 1t is natural that
republican officers should turn their
work To republican Office.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1903-10-22
District Court.

Judge Green exchanged places with
Judge Thornell this term Judge
Green has been in poor health the
past few months, but Is gradually inn
proving.
The grand jury were composed of
A. Caldwell, foreman, August Kusel,
Chas. Jacobsen, w. G. Glasscock, w.
III. Hendricks, j. M. Dimmick and
Chris Christensen. They adjourned
yesterday. The only work they did
which is public is they found a bill
against Art Waterman, of Extra, for
forgery. The young man wrote his
fathers name, Robert Waterman, to a
check for $l5. 90 and drew the money
at the bank. He was arrested that
evening in Atlantic. He will likely be
tried this term.
The only case yet tried is the one
now on, the estate of Anna u. Curd
VS.. M. l.. and his son, Charles Curd,
an action to try to" recover personal
property, live stock ETC., amounting to
about $500. Mr.. Van Aiken, Kapp
and Joe Ross are attorneys for plain
tiff and j. M. Graham and Fred III.
Blume are for defendant. The case
will likely take day or two more.
G.. III. Petty has been sentenced to
one year in the inebriate asylum and
will be taken the last of the week.
Judgment was secured by Schmidt,
Nieman 81 Co. against G. A. Marlin
for $4,000. This affair related to
some Dakota land transaction.
In Edwards VS.. Kraft Judgment OF
$50 was given by agreement.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1903-10-22
M arried.

On Tuesday morning at the Evan
gelical parsonage occurred the mar
riage of Mr.. Samuel Moreland and
Miss Elisha Smith both of Viola. The
groom is the youngest son of Mr.. and
Mrs. w. S. Moreland well known in
Audubon and Viola. He is sturdy,
thoughtful and Industrious young
man.
The bride is an accomplished young
lady worthy of the confidence she has
gained. Besides these graces is the
beautiful christian character they
both possess. Surely they are well
mated to fight the battles of life to-
gether. They started on the noon
train Tuesday for an extensive trip
in the south stopping at FL Reno, Ok
lahoma, with the thought of locating
there at future date. They will
there continue their Journey to Gal
weston, Texas, where they will visit
Mrs. Moreland's old home. The trip
will cover a period OF about two
weeks. For next year they will reside
on one of Mr.. Aliens farms in Viola
township which Mr.. Moreland has
rented. The best wishes of their
many friends will follow them wher-
ever their lot may be cast.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1903-10-22
That Omaha Excursion.

We are in receipt of marked copy
of the Omaha Trade Exhibit of Sep
TENDER rs which contained the follow
ing notice concerning Audubon
Audubon-The citizens of this city
were very much disappointed on ac-
count of our late arrival, as they had
made arrangements for drive, but
as it was too late for this, the band
and quartet gave one OF their best
musicals. The depot was thronged,
and steam whistles on the factories
were turned loose on our arrival. This
is certainly hustling town.
A letter from the editor of the paper
explaining the omission of Audubon
in the write-up which was mailed our
business men has, also been received.
just why they should mail out the
copies containing nothing and retain
those that did, is not explained. The
incident Is not expected to result in
anything serious and since we have
been restored to a place on the map
we are satisfied to close the discussion.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1903-10-22

The democratic organ points TO
Deputy Auditor Ben Train as an ex-
ample of one who is receiving more
than he should from the county, and
intimates there is dishonesty in con-
nection. Now, there is not. The
board fixes the deputy's salary at
$500. and the transfer fees. These
fees do not usually run more than
800. year. The past year they were
heavier than somtimes, owing to more
transfers than common. We under
stand they amounted to about $3.50
the past year. But what is wrong
with this? 1t has been the custom for
years to allow these fees to the deputy
as part pay for his services. Who
will say that 5000. year Is too much
for man capable to do the work
there, or even $685.. as 1t was this one
year?
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1903-10-22

j. A. Overholtzer' arrived here last
week from Berkeley, California, com
ing to look after his business inter-
ests here. They have been living at
Berkeley several months as his daught-
er Lavisa is attending the University
of California which is located there,
1t is a suburb of San Francisco. Mr..
Overholtzer is not in very good
health. He reports the other men,
bers of his family as being we'll
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1903-10-22

DR.. Jewell, of Coon Rapids, and
DR.. Fulton, of Audubon, held a con-
sultation at Abe Chambers one day
last week over the case of Mr.. Cham
bers' little girl. 1t was feared she
had small pox but on examination
thew found It was not. OF course the
reports about it made considerable
tall
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1903-10-22

Jas. Foster Sr. of Gray returned
home through Audubon Tuesday from
a two weeks visit at his old home in
Rock Island county, Illinois. He had
with him Greening apple which he
picked from tree he set out forty
five years ago. 1t measured 124
inches around and was fine speci-
men.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1903-10-22

Mrs. G.. G. Nelson and children
leave for Des Moines today. They
will take rooms and make home for
Mr.. Nelson while he is taking treat
ment there. The sympathy is with Mr..
Nelson in his long continued search
for health.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1903-10-22

John Maassen, of Lincoln township,
got two pounds of seed corn from
Ames last spring when the experiment
al station offered to let those have
corn that would plant and care for 1t
properly. The result is he has several
bushels of the best seed corn we ever
saw. The rows are even, kernels deep
and ends nearly covered with corn.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1903-10-22

The Western Iowa Interurban sur
veyors have been locating the line for
their road from the east edge of the
county into Audubon this week. They
cross the Botna just south of the
telephone road east of town.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1903-10-22

1t is thought by good many that
the man who does the writing on the
Advocate has seventy four wheels in
his head, each having seventy four
cogs, and that the regularity with
which they turn around interiors some
what with his thinking apparatus.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1903-10-22

H. j. Preibe and bride arrived in
Audubon Saturday from Peoria, ILL
nois, where they were married. They
expect to occupy the new house being
finished by Mr.. Kevan in the south
mart IF town
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1903-10-22

Congressman Smiths meetings
Monday and Tuesday nights of next
week at Brayton and Kimballton are
being looked forward to with much
interest by the people in those local
tiles. Judge Smith is very popular
with the people and is gaining lots of
influence in state and national affairs.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1903-10-22

Get your tickets for the Katherine
Ridgeway Concert Co. at Cowles' /,
Roberts or Talbotts' stores, or at
the Presbyterian church Friday even
ing, October %. Price for season
tickets $500, single admission SOC.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1903-10-22

Jacob Bruestle who conducted the
south side meat market for several
years moves with his family this week
to Marengo where he has purchased
the business of VIM. Kobe who went
there from Audubon few years ago.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1903-10-22

A. G. Kraft, butcher of experience,
has opened up the meat market he
recently purchased of Jacob Bruestle
and expects to conduct first class
Shnn
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1903-10-22

Will McFarlane was at Cedar Rap
ids last week attending the marriage
of cousin. He met George and Isa-
belle there and George accompanied
him here for visit with friends.
They report the family are liking their
home at st. Joe.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1903-10-22

Rev. and Mrs. Hinkhouse left Mon
day for Shenandoah to attend the
Synod of Iowa. Mr.. w. III. Cowles
went down Tuesday noon to be in at
tendance.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1903-10-22

BENZ. Mendenhall shipped his house
hold goods and left with his family
for Sac City Tuesday. They expect
to remain there few months and then
90 to Dakota.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1903-10-22

w. B. Emmons who lived near Fis-
Gus, writes us to toward his copy of
the REPUBLICAN to Redjacket, ASSN
iboia, Canada. He promises us a let
ter soon
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1903-10-22

Will Ross was taking an undesir-
ed vacation the first of the week on
account of getting his hand in the
way of his hammer at Johnson's
blacksmith shop.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1903-10-22

Mr.. and Mrs. Joseph Kopp and Mr..
and Mrs. w. l., Humphreys returned
Tuesday from pleasant overland
trip to Villisca. They visited Eugene
Talbott's and Ed Northup's homes.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1903-10-22

Taylor Jackson, of Extra, printer
on the Journal force, obtained mar
riage license here this week in order
to wed Sarah Nielsen of west of Extra.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1903-10-22

Will Fullerton has purchased an
interest in Theron Creveling's store in
Gray. Mr.. Creveling has built up a
good business there.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1903-10-22

Nels Boysen, brother of Hon.
Asmus Boysen, is recently over from
Denmark. He is now an employee OF
the bank, of Extra. He is a scholarly
man speaking several languages and
will be quite an aquisition to the
hank
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1903-10-22

The horseshoers of Audubon have
decided to try the cash plan the com
ing season and after next week we will
have to bring our pocket book when
VISITING them
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1903-10-22

Mrs. Effie Hoffman Rogers is spend
ing some time with Mrs. Emil Bilharz,
and shaking hands with her ma ny
Audubon friends.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1903-10-22

The popular Katharine Ridgeway
company, under the auspices OF the
Columbian Club, will be at the Pres
byterian church tomorrow evening.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1903-10-22

James r. Chandler went to Man
haitian, Kansas, Tuesday to visit at
the home of his brother. He will go
on down in the southern part of Kan
sas and possibly the nothern part of
Oklahoma.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1903-10-22

.Osteopathy is not quackery. 1t is a
scientific manipulation of muscles and
bones for the purpose Of freeing
natures forces.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1903-10-22

Lloyd Hays has resigned his place
at the Manning Monitor Office and
has accepted position at Council
Bluffs. Lloyd is good, honest work
man.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1903-10-22

Mrs. James Chandler and Mrs Joe
Dixon went to Sioux City Monday to
attend the state meeting of the
I. O. O. F. and Rebekah.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1903-10-22

Mrs. John Anderson and little
daughter departed Saturday for their
home i'm Anita after q visit at the
Peter Anderson home.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1903-10-22

VIM. Lymans have rented the S,
AIRY property and will move there in
o few weeks. Mrs. AIRY is planning
to spend the winter in California.