The Birmingham age-herald., 1902-10-09

effect produced Is tho same, roughly as that caused by dropping q stone Into a pool of water, the rings or ripples puF- suing each other to the shore. corre- spending to the radiations of the cleo trical discharge through the ether.
 The receiving apparatus to catch these impulses consists of the receiving verti- cal wire running down to the coherer placed in circuit containing local bat tery. and sensitive telegraph relay ac- tuating in turn another circr.t in which are included trembler or decoherer and a recording instrument One end of the eoherer tube Is connected to the ground and the other to an insulated conductor. terminating preferably in a "capacity'' area exactly the same as that employed in the transmitting station. The coherer or branly tube which detects these waves in the ether is usually n very small tube, about the size of a gold pencil, and con sists of glass with the wire running in at both ends, but separated by g, very small space. In this space lie metallic filings, usually mixture of nickel and silver It would appear that when the filings are not subject to the influences of the ether waves they are of such a high resistance as to be non-conducting, so that the circuit of the local battery is open. When the ether waves impinge on the tube the filings between the two metallic pole pieces in the tube coherer. and are apparently pulled together into such a continuous string or conductor, that the current immediately flows in the local circuit from the local battery and the signal is recorded by the receiving telegraph instrument
 At the same instant the little tappcr or decoherer in the relay circuit hits the tube slight blow and causes the filings to fall apart thus opening the circuit again ready to receive the next etheric impulse, representing a corresponding portion of the message to be received. By this process of cohering and decohering the signals are received. and in their con tinuity they constitute a regular tele- graphic message, which can be read by the ear or be recorded by tape register or be heard in the telephone Other forms of self-restoring coherers are in use, in- cluding that employed by the Italian navy consisting of glass tube which contains plugs of carbon or iron, between which is a small globule of mercury. MT. Marconi also reports the use of coherers with filings of carbon, cobalt and carbon dust as we'll as others of an electro magnetic nature, which he considers far superior for working in tuned circuits or those which are able to receive or re- ject selective messages which may or may be intended for them. He has de- scribed one such detector based upon xtyt,i takes place in iron when 1t Is exposed under certain conditions to the effects of high frequency, electrical oscillations, or Hertzlan waves. The same principles have been applied to wireless telegraphy It is impossible to overrate the impor- tanee of this new development in telegra- phy, particularly in it's application to marine work It has become a question whether at no distant future submarine cables may not cease to be an indispen- sable requisite for the transmission of in telligence across the ocean. Tn the mean time, wireless telegraphy systems have been adopted by the United States signal service for use in Alaskan waters and coast defense, by the United States navy for nen-of-war, by foreign navies, and for some 40 land stations, chiefly controled by Lloyds, along the coast of Great Britain and Europe The system is. al- ready in commercial use on numerous steamers. and as much as $500 is fre- quently collected from passengers for wireless messages.
 >-t~ &~-~-%-4&-Ae-~N-e i ever, and that is that the results so ar- dently desired by Grady are rast making themselves manifest. The line Of sec tional feeling is growing so very faint that 1t is almost indistinguishable The old hostilities are vanishing, the old prejudices are disappearing and the old misunderstanding are being cleared away so that there is a rapidly increas- ing flow and interflow of immigration be- tween the two sections.
 That is not all. The south has awak- ened to a new life that is fairly ouivering with enterprise and energy The i'm measurably possibilities of the whole sec ton are just beginning to be appreciated and the magic touch of industry Is bring ing them into profitable fruitage. There is no part of the United States making better progress than the south Its for ward strides are long and rapid. It is A"st Vlhei Sii6 lroIn US Olu position or eX- elusive agriculturalism into one of di- versifed and multiplying industrialism Wealth is encouragingly accommodating without fostering the old Bourbon aris- tocracy, which was handicap to the section. The same culture ana refinement flourish, but they enjoy their existence in a different form. The same families which fifty years ago abnorred the very name of work are now leaders of enter prise and are proud generals of the armies of energy. The devotion Of their splendid talents to development Is what is causing that section to bloom with prosperity. movement has been started in the direction of advancement which will soon mako the south one of the most flourishing sections of the country The forward impetus has not lost it's force Each year finds some great achievements to proclaim. During the past year there have been further addi- tions in the field of industry. The record tells us that 3454 new enterprises were successfully launched during the year. That list embraces a variety of uDder- takings, which tend to show the diversi- flying tendencies down there. The south's future Is certainly aglow with great hope and promise.