davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening journal. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1888-1932, 1902-02-24
I.EVVES

Special TO the Evening Journal.
Lewes. Del, Feb. 24.-After an UNI
usually rough voyage, the three-masted
schooner Arthur c. Wade, from Bruins
wick. Ga. bound for Providence, r. l.,
made the Breakwater for harbor last
might, only to be wrecked on one of the
new ice piers. Captain w. G. Cracker
gives the following discount of the dis
.aster:
The schooner sailed from Brunswick
February 4. laden with yellow pine, and
from the first she had continuous gales
and rough water. For sixteen days
we were trying to get away from Hat
teras. but were driven off shore 29O
miles out Of her course, and lost part
of our deck load.
"A northeaster struck us after get
ting along up the coast toward Cape
Henlopen. and we decided to make a
run for the Breakwater and snug har-
Dor in which to ride out the gale
When we arrived at the capes the wind
was brewing at a furious rate. We
missed the east end Breakwater light
and without any warning the lookout
shouted. Breakers aheadl
The vessel was hove to at once, and
not being able to see what the danger
was. we dropped both anchors. The
heavy sea dashed the schooner against
the rocks and she quickly began to
I'LL"
The crew was in immediate danger
of losing their lives and distress sig
nails we're burned.
So far ii is impossible to see anything
of the wrecked schooner. If not broken
M she is undoubtedly swamped. as the
huoyancy of the cargo would keep her
from sinking.
Evening journal. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1888-1932, 1902-02-24

antly spent in playing games, and at a
late hour the guests departed wishing
her many more happy birthdays.
Among those present were: Miss Bes-
sic Press. Lena and Mary Potts, Flor
ence Williamson. Helen Chandler, Mar
iorie Burgess. Ella Mitchell, Lydie
Robinson Sara Gebhart, Edith Pier
son. Messrs. Harvey Springer, Herman
Dixon. Harvey Taylor, Irwin Gebhart
Dixon. Herbert Guthrie, Stanley Drake
Harvey Taylor, Irwin Gebhart, Mont
gomery McVaugh and ohters.
p. l.. Richards has four houses In
course of erection. on the lot he re-
Gently purchased near Mill Creek sta
ton
Frank Bradley. of Yorklyn, will have
a sale Of his personal property on
March 1. after which he will move to
West Chester.
Auctioneer Taylor sold an old desl
at his sale few days ago, which is sale
to be two hundred years old, and
sold for s49.75.
Richard Robinson has purchased tn
brick house and about an acre o
ground. near Mill Creek Station iron
the Delaware Loan Association.
Harry Williamson, while hurryin
from the snuff mills in time for suppe
got upset in a snowdrift.
1t is reported that John Kennedy
who has been employed in Storey
store. at Landenberg, has purchase
the store of A. W. Watson, at tina
place.
H. S. Highfeld, who has carried o
the harness making business for
number Of years will give up his sho
in the spring, and engage in other bust
ness.
Evening journal. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1888-1932, 1902-02-24
Concert Al West Church

The Sinfornia Concert Company, Of
tho Broad Street Conservatory. Phila-
delphia. will give an entertainment in
West Presbyterian hurch under the
auspices Of the trustees on Tuesday
March 4. at o'clock. The soloist will
be Miss Louise DeGinter and Miss
Viola F. Mofit. A silver Offering viii
be taken.
Evening journal. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1888-1932, 1902-02-24
CITY STREETS IMPROVED
Warm Weather Of Two Days RidS
Them Of SIuSh

The slight rise intemperature yester-
day helped to melt much Of the snow
along THE citystreetsa and thaw the slush
sufficiently so that it could be drained
off into the sewers. Business men also
aided in cleaning up the crossings, and
as a result walking was made much
more comfortable.
Masses Of fallen limbs from the trees
combined with the great quantity OF
slush, made travel along the suburban
roads very difficult for all kinds OF
wagons. Milkmen were two to four
hours late reaching their customers
Every milkman had to carry an axe to
cut away trees from across the roads.
Evening journal. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1888-1932, 1902-02-24
sHERIFF's SALES


- HERlFFS SALE-BY VIRTUE OF
rectcd, win be exposed TO public SALE al
the Court House. on Market street, be-
tween Tenth and Eleventh streets, IN the
city of Wilmington, New Castle county
State Of Delaware
on FRIDAY.
THE 2sih DAY OF FEBRUARY. 1902,
At 10 o'clock a. M.
the following described real estate. viz.
All that certain lot or piece OF land
having "a three story brick dwelling
thereon erected. situate I'm the city Of
Wilmington and State Of Delaware
bounded and described as follows, 20 wit
Beginning AT a point on the westerly
Eleventh streets. at the distance of one
hundred and tWonty-six feet six inches
from the northerly side Of Tenth street
thence north ffty-eight degrees west onl
hundred feet to a stake; thence noru
thirty-tWO degrees east twenty feet to
stake. thence south nfty-eight degree
EAST one hundred feet TO "A stake on tn
said westerly side OF Market street. ant
Whence thereby south thirty-two degree
west twenty feet 10 the place Of begin
Nng. be the contents thereof what the
ar
'ozed aud taken ia execution as "a
oerty Of BENJAMIN Franklin McDanie
,utor of the last win Of Margaret
piel widow deceased mortgage
In AMUEL A MCDANIEL. sheriff.
raflro2s 0fsce. Wilmington, Delawar
his way
raniod b,
Evening journal. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1888-1932, 1902-02-24

On account Of the pad weather,
Lenape Tribe, Improved o. r. NJ, post
poned it's entertainment on Saturday
night. until March 8.
Evening journal. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1888-1932, 1902-02-24
PUBLIC SALES
PUBLIC SALE

OF Carload OF Somerset county
HORSES WIN he sold at public sale at
- the stables of william G. Mar
~ FIN. Third and Orange streets,
g39 Wilmington. Delaware, on We'd
AAc1uRAs ncsday. February 26i 1902, at 1
o'clock. p. m. a good carload OF we'll
broken horses. ranging from 4 TO Z years
old An these horses / selected myself
and they are short back chunks, eight Of
them viii weigh li0l pounds each. A few
good drivers have shipped these
horses directly 10 Wilmington and they
are the kind that will SUIT. Sale positive,
wet or dry Gentlemen, understand,
will sell every horse.
ELWOOD WEBSTER.
sidham q Son. Aucuoneers f2i-2t
nURLIC SALE OF law library and Of
flee. furniture and fixtures, Friday,
February 2S. 1902 az 10 o'clock a. m, az
No G)6ib Market street (second fOor) Wal
mington. Del Office tables, chairs, eases
desk hre-proof safe, stoves, etc. Gaia
logue on application.
f20.22,2A26.2I
Evening journal. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1888-1932, 1902-02-24
NOTICES

n OTICE.-Al persons having provable
~ claims against John 4. McHugh, Of
no N-l Bennett street. are requested TO
present the same Immediately for pay
mcnt az the office OF LEONARD Il.
WALES, No. 926 Market street.
ii-2wcod
Evening journal. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1888-1932, 1902-02-24
FOR RENT

NOR RENT House No 1906 East
Il Eighth street. with side yard. Also
stable near Eighth and Walnut streets,
large room and hay NOW. Apply TO
FRANK G.. STfDHAM,
fgt-3t IN East Fourth street.
NO LET From March 20. "a blacksmith
shop. whcelwright shop and paint
shon and stable. with dwelling house, az
Montchanln Address s., Evening Jour
nal f2i-tf
Evening journal. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1888-1932, 1902-02-24
FOR SAFE
PERSONAL

ADIESi Chichester English Penny
IL royal Pills are the best. safe. reiL
bic. Take no other. Send &C., stamps
or particulars Relief for Ladies, n
etter by Return Mail Ask your Drug
CHICHESTER CHEMICAL &C.
PHILADELPHIA. Pa
Evening journal. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1888-1932, 1902-02-24
LOST AND FOUND

Il OST-Three gold breastpins. al NIL
- ford railroad station. on Monday
night February II. WIN the gentleman
who found them next morning. please re-
turn 20 the ticket agent at Milford. and
receive reward. fI-3t
Evening journal. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1888-1932, 1902-02-24
PUBLIC SALES

Called by w. A. Huklll, general auction
Ger, I'm city and county. Address Bayard
Building. Wilmington, Del j2i-1m
Evening journal. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1888-1932, 1902-02-24
Republican Committeeman Meet

Republican Committeeman Meet
A meeting of the New Castle County
Regular Republican Committee was
held in the Young Mems Republican
Club Saturday afternoon. Owing to
the storm a number of members from
the rural districts were unable TO be
present There was a good attendance
OF the Wilmington members. Congress
man L. H. Ball presided. After an
informal talk the committee adjourned
until March 20.
Evening journal. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1888-1932, 1902-02-24
SALE OF HORSES.

Twony head OF road and business
horses few speedy horses at private
sale. Horses viii remain at stable S03
West Eighth street. until sold.
w. a. KLAIR 1903 w. Eighth street
Evening journal. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1888-1932, 1902-02-24
STEAMBOATS,.
EASTER TOUR BY SEA"

From Baltimore and Philadelphia to
Savannah and Charleston Exposition
Personally conducted. All expenses in
cluded. Via Merchants and Miners
Transportation Company. Leaving Bal
tlmore March n. Leaving Philadelphia
March %. Cost Of ten-dav tour from Bal
tm0re, Si5: from Philadelphia, $50. Send
for itinerary and particulars Address
Passenger Department, NJ and NJ. T. Co,
III East Gorman street. BALTIMORE. Md.
Evening journal. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1888-1932, 1902-02-24
FOR RENT

A furnished country house with all
modern conveniences, stable, ice house,
lawn. orchard and gardens. Fine view
OF Delaware river Five miles below
New Castle on river road and on trolley
line to Delaware City Immediate
possession.
T. b. ROGERS,
115 Broadway, New York City.
Evening journal. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1888-1932, 1902-02-24
SITUATIONS WANTED

w ANTED-A place as plain cook.
w washer, irOncr and general house
work Apply ga West Fifth street
Evening journal. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1888-1932, 1902-02-24

Feathers dyed. cleaned. curled. 61S
Orange street.
Evening journal. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1888-1932, 1902-02-24

II OR sALE.-Housos 2l3-22 West Four
II teenth street. Prices reasonable
Terms easy Apply to A. L. JOHNSON,
n. .. Cor. Eighth and shipley streets.
Evening journal. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1888-1932, 1902-02-24

New London, Feb. "a.
A. Reborn and Joe Hammond take
the William Castle farm in London
Grove.
J. A. Wiley had a valuable horse fall
on the ice and break one of its legs.
Many changes will take place around
New London. George Morris will farm
for Dr. Joseph Fulton, Robert Mellow
ell will move to Chatham.
Henry Holcomb takes the Grace
Lemon farm on Mount Hope avenue
and Rodman Lovett will go down the
trolley road to Newark.
E. NJ. Scatchard will go to Avondale
William Miller and Adam Hufford will
occuply the Bee Hive. Miller will &c
into the tinsmith business.
Evening journal. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1888-1932, 1902-02-24

Avondale, Feb. "a
There are many drifted roads in this
vicinity and the rural mail delivery
lost connection.
Harvey Murray native of Ireland,
died in this place a few days ago, aged
"a years old.
John j. Chambers returned home
from the balmy South just in time to
greet the worst weather of the winter
West Grove, Feb. "a.
Burgess Pyle has not yet signed the
Tennis Company ordinance. He in
tends to be sure he is right before he
goes ahead.
There were all sorts of things hap
pened on election day. There seemed
to be a fraternal mixup of Republican,
and Democrats and Rough Riders.
Stephen Macdonald, who has beer
employed in the mail order department
of the Dingee & Conrad Company fol
the last ten years has been Obliged t.
give up his place because of an affection
something like scrivener's palsy and h
will take charge Of the Brandywin'
Clubs golf links.
Evening journal. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1888-1932, 1902-02-24

CARTMELL's STOVE ENAMEL
Makes pretty stoves.
Evening journal. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1888-1932, 1902-02-24
FOR SALE-BARGAINS

gl5 Guycr avenue. gO7 W. 9th ST.
$40 l<irkwood street 20 w 23d street.
323 +. Ninth strcetl5ll Rodney street.
424 r. Seventh sire 52i S. Franklin st.
223 Pine street. l0l4 w. 7th 81.
s2S Walnut street SIS w. 9Th ST.
III Walnut street S22 w. 9th ST.
n y. Cor. 18th ann. W. Cor 9th an
French SITS. Adams SITS.
A. b. STATION. lO3 w. Eighth street
Evening journal. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1888-1932, 1902-02-24
w. J. FISHER,
COG Market street
ZOE REM.

FOR RENT.
The large boarding house, Sol
West street; will be painted and
put in good repair; possession
March asth. Apply
REAL ESTATE DEPARTMENT,
The Equitable Guarantee
20-mwf-tf, and Trust Co,
Evening journal. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1888-1932, 1902-02-24
FOR SALE

NOR SALE.-Just completed nice
q-rOomed houses, Fourteenth and
Market streets. bath, reception hall,
pantry. front and back porch cemented
cellars Ia fact an c0nvoniences. open
for Inspection Terms easy
CHARLES @. KURrL
f5-mWf-lm gu Market street.
Evening journal. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1888-1932, 1902-02-24
HELP WANTED

WrANTED-An experienced canvasser
w on salary. Address A. b., Evening
Journal Office. f2i-1t
Evening journal. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1888-1932, 1902-02-24

FOR RENT.-Fine Houses.
1909 washington st.. II rooms, bath, 2
porches.
400 Delaware ave, y rooms. bath, .
porches.
1903 Hruomc ST., II rooms, bath, porch.
1921 Shallcross ave. rooms. bath, porch
30S Rodney ST., rooms, bath. porch.
sW Van Buren, st., 10 rooms, bath, porch
Apply TO
Evening journal. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1888-1932, 1902-02-24

w ANTED. boy Ia machine shop. A.
w l.. HENDERER. Maryland avenue
and Beech street f2i-1t
Tazewell Republican. [volume] (Tazewell, Va.) 1892-1919, 1902-08-21
CALL FOR CONGRESSIONAL CON
VENTI0k.

At a meeting of the Republican Con-
gressional District Committee of the Ninth
Congressional District OF Virginia, held at
the city of Bristol, Virginia, at 2 P. NJ, on
Tuesday, August 5, 1902, pursuant to a
call of Stuart f. Lindsey, District Chair
man, made July IS, 1902, the following
action was taken, viz:
First. That a convention to nominate a
Republican candidate to represent this dis
trict in the House of Representatives of
Congress; to elect District Chairman; and
to elect five members of the State Com.
mittee, and such other business as may
properly be brought before the same under
the plan of organization of the Republl-
can party, be and is hereby called to meet
at the town of Abingdon, Virginia, on
Wednesday the third day Of September,
1902, at II NJ.
Second. The basis of representation
will be one delegate for each one hundred
votes and fractional part thereof over fifty
votes cast for Mckinley and Roosevelt in
1900, as follows, viz:
Tazewell Republican. [volume] (Tazewell, Va.) 1892-1919, 1902-08-21
A MISSOURI ORATOR.
And a Story Which Throws Some Light
on Missouri Manners.
Kansas City Journal.

Kansas City Journal.
One of the most popular orators Of the
State of Missouri for many years was Cen
eral A. w. Dor Cnan, who won lasting
fame by his services in the Mexican War.
A writer in the Richmond "Missourlan"
tells story of one of bis early law suits.
When struggling lawyer at Lexington he
wen: to Davis Creek, Lafayette county, to
defend a man who was charged with hog
stealing.
Downing a buchskin coat and throwing
gun over his shoulder, that he might
combine the pleasure of hunting with his
professional duties, he set out. When he
arrived at the log building which was used
Unfortunately as a church, school house,
court house and public hall, he found it
crowded with people who had come to
hear the "big-mouthed young Teller from
the county seat" spout. He had no oppor-
tunity to sift the evidence. He very soon
learned that he had bad case. His client
had stolen not one hog. but ten; and he
had not only stolen them, but he had adj
mitted it. In his speech, therefore, DON
iphan did not say much about the evil
dence. He is credited with having once
remarked that he was "smooth and easy
in his speech when he knew exactly what
he expected to say, he stamped the pun
cheon." "And," he remarked, "they
liked it best when l stamped the most l."
H must have stamped a good deal this
time. He dwelt with pathetic effect on
the general similarity of hogs, and the
terrible mistake it would be to unjustly
convict his client. "He pleased the Justice
and tickled the people," says the writer
who tells tie story. The Judge decided
the case, clearing the hog thief quickly, SO
as to get to hear young Doniphan make a
political speech before he started home.
The young lawyer was too happily embar-
raised to refuse to try to make speech.
Mounting the platform of loose puncbeons
he began to talk, and won another vic
tory. cit was my first real lesson in ora
tory" he afterwards said, finding out that
people loved to hear blood and thunder
talk.
The story throws interesting light on
the manners of early Missourians, on the
way Justice was meeted out in their courts
and on the character of this brave Mis-
souri hero.
Tazewell Republican. [volume] (Tazewell, Va.) 1892-1919, 1902-08-21
TWO NATIONS CLAIM AN ACRE.
That Much Ground in South America
10 in Dispute Between Brazil
md Bolivia.

There is a region in northern b.
livia known on the maps as Acre
although it comprises many acres Of
fertile lands which has been disputed
territory between Bolivia and Bra
I'll for nearly so years. The little
country has come into public notice
recently because Bolivia leased a
part of the Acre region to an Anglo
American syndicate. Brazil objects
to this business arrangement, and
has threatened to break off diplo-
matte relations unless the contract is
recinded.
Except that the country is rich in
rubber, little is known about it. 1t
occupies a triangular space between
the boundaries of Brazil and Bolivia
and Peru and Bolivia, with the Benz
river as the base. The position of
the sides of the triangle as inter-
preted by the two countries is the
cause of the dispute. A traveller rel
Gently returned from Acre says of
the natives that they are in marry
respects like the Bolivians, but that
that there are among them tribes of
lower class than can be found
elsewhere in that part of the world.
Some of them are said to be clanni-
balls, and all are shy and aveFse to
the invasion of their country ny the
whites. They are experts In the
art of using darts, spears and jaw
elins, and delight in practicGng with
these from the bush on fntruders,
whom they usually attack from be-
hind.
They wear no clothes, but have
elaborate headdresses mfde of feath-
ers and beads, and the younger ones
wear strings of coins and metal
disks around their neeks and wrists.
There are no horses or mules in
Acre, and the llama is used as the
beast of burden.
Tazewell Republican. [volume] (Tazewell, Va.) 1892-1919, 1902-08-21
Botanic Blood Balm for the Blood.

If you suffer from ulcers, eczms, scrofu-
swellings, rheumatism, catarrh or any blood
la, blood poison, cancer, eating sores,
itching skin, pimple9, boils, bone pains,
or skin disease, We advise you to take
Botanic Blood Balm (B. B. b.. Especially
recommended for old, obstinate, deep
seated cases, cures where all else fails,
heals every sore, makes the blood pure
and rich, gives the skin the rich glow of
health. Druggists, 81 per large bottle
Sample sent free by writing Blood Balm
Company, Atlanta, Georgia. Describe
trouble and free medical advice will be
sent in sealed letter. Medicine sent at
once, prepaid.
Tazewell Republican. [volume] (Tazewell, Va.) 1892-1919, 1902-08-21
KINDLY TREATMENT.
And How it Is Accorded the Public by
the Newspapers,


St. Louis Republic DEM.
at sounds thunderin' sight bigger"
remarks the sage Of the Albany, Missouri
Ledger, "to say that Mr.. So.andSo &C.
cepted position than to say he nearly
ran his legs of and told about forty lies to
get it"
In this reflection is truth of kind so
homely that it cannot fail to approve Itself
to the average man. When we come to
think uf it, this trick of tactful expression
is a great thing in the world. 1t is more
largely instrumental in the making of rep
utations than any other one influence per.
haps, especially in the case of those who
are not really forceful persons, but who
have the knack of keeping themselves in
the public eye by conventional methods.
Iu no department of the worlds work
does this truth more wildly impress itself
upon the observant mind than in that Of
the daily newspaper, which is commonly
believed to be a cynical sort of institution,
wearied of life's hnmbugs and disposed to
disllusionment. Yet it is the forbearing
courtesy of the daily newspaper which is
peculiarly and loglcally.responsible for ma
king the reputation of thousands who
would otherwise have lived unknown and
;,,etl,, ~ t,D;,sfl,, obco,,ra
This further truth is due to the fact of
the frequency with which personal men,
ton of the most casual description is ne
cessary and to the solicitude with which
newspaper places every individual in the
best possible light before its readers. In
this polite treatment of the average citizen
by the average newspaper lies the secret
of the vast majority of established reputa-
tons in every community.
These thoughts are respectfully submit
ted to the attention of that illogical class
so prone to the fallacy of abusing the daily
press for alleged cynicism and indifference
to worthy achievement. A newspaper is
not only invariably glad to acclaim such
achievement, but errs, if anything, on the
side of kindly mention of the most ordin-
airy effort. The plain truth is that the daily
press is good-natured and charitable be-
YONG the usual run of things.
Tazewell Republican. [volume] (Tazewell, Va.) 1892-1919, 1902-08-21
"a Bum Likeness"

Histironics, rather than history,
held the regard of a fashy young man
who was guest in the Jefferson hotel,
Richmond, shortly before the fire that
destroyed that beautiful hostelry. In
the center of magnificent Pompeiian
courtyard, around which the hotel was
built, stood an impressive statue of
the third president, after whom the
hotel had been named. Standing at
one of the windows, looking on the
courtyard, the young man took it all
in, and, turning to Maj. Ginter, who
erected the hotel, asked:
"Whose is the statue there in the
middle?"
Jefferson" replied the major.
"Well, it's bum likeness, if know
anythingl" opined the visitor.
"Why," said the major, show could
you possibly know that? Ahl-you
never-you never saw Mr.. Jefferson,
did you?"
"Why ,certainly-in Baltimore, only
last week, in good old 'Rip!'" was the
contemptuous reply. - Philadelphia
Record.
Tazewell Republican. [volume] (Tazewell, Va.) 1892-1919, 1902-08-21
PERSONAL NOTES.

The Shah of Persia is expected to reach
London on or about August 49,
James Malay, the sole survivor of Com
modore Perry's expedition to Japan has
just died in Sheboygan, Wis.
The Prince of Monaco has presented
quantity of deep-sea apparatus to w. S.
Bruce for the Scottish Antarctic ex-
petition.
DR.. Whitman Cross, of the United Statef
Geological Survey, will spend portion of
the year investigating the volcanic
phenomena of the Hawaiian Islands.
Prof. Edward S. Holden, United States
Military Academy, 10, hes accepted the
appointment of librarian of the United
States Military Academy at West Point.
Barrett Browning has bought new resi-
dence in Florence, Italy, the city of his
birth, where he has long resided in an
ancient palace, once occupied by hisfather
the distinguished poet.
Mrs. Etha Butcher, daughter of Rev,
NJ. s. Butcher, Chandlerville, ILL.,, has
been appointed by the Woman's Union
Society to be superintendent Of nurses in
the hospital at Jhadsia, India.
General Stewart l.. Woodford, who has
just returned from Japan, says what i'm
pressed him most was the really brave
attempt that was being made to raise the
standard of education among the people,
particularly among the women.
Prof. Arlo Bates, OF Boston, who was
in Venice when the famous campanie fell
writes: 1.-THE most accurate description Of
the disaster is to say that it 'crumbed.
1t went to pieces all at once, like Dr.
Holmes one-horse shay"
Mrs. Edmund Rice, wife of the colonel
of the Twenty-sixth Regiment, United
States Volunteers, i'll the Philippines, has
put in a claim at the War Department for
II 100000, alleged TO be due as royalty
on device for rolling up and carrying
shelter tents used Iby the army since the
CIVIL War.