Daily Kennebec journal., 1902-08-09

ture, at the head of the blacks, was ir
real control of the entire island The
peace of Basle in 1895 eeded the Spanish
part OF the island to the French, and III
| 1871 the French government made him
general-in-chief of all the French troops
| On the island. The English were finally
expelled, in 17sS, after expending s1OO, 900
~ ana losing 1880 men. January 2, 1901
| the final surrender of the Spanish por-
| ton was made to Toussaint, and the en-
| tire island was in his control in the name
| of France.
In July. 1901. the same year, the island
was declared independent of any Euro
pean power, with Toussaint L'Ouverture
as its chief. But hostilities between
Grea6 Britain and France had ceased,
ana Bonaparte, as first consul, turned his
attention to this revolt In December
| twenty-six vessels and 25,OoO men were
sent out under Napoleon's brother-in-law.
Le Clerc, Rochembeau being in command
9d one OF the divisions, ,Gan and on the 18th
rived in Samana Fay. Santo Domingo
City fell into the hands of the French
February 20 and in a short time the
Spanish part of the island was in their
control. Gen. ROchambeau moved against
the western part, and a campaign cost
ing thousands of lives and lasting months
was begun. In May peace was concluded
with Toussaint and the commanding gen
eral, Christophe, afterward famous for
his infamy, by which the dominion of
France over the whole island was ac-
knowledged.
But the French could not conuuer with
out one act of treachery that has dis
graced in history that campaign Tous-
saint was taken secretly at night to the
transported to France. where he died in a
dungeon, history says, of starvation
This breach of faith aroused the insurrec-
uonlsts and the island was again scene
of carnage.
When the French were expelled the re-
pubic began panorama of bloodshed,
followed by a monarchy with Kings. who
created nobility, and later by an en-
pre- win EmperorS who were so only III
title. There was no recognized law and
no authority except that of the tyrant in
power Murder and assaSsnations were
crimes too common to cause comment
Noodoolsm was practiced, and is yet to-
DAY. In the hundred years since the
trench flag went down but one ruler il
seventeen completed the term of office for
Which he was elected or chosen.
Gen Ferrand remained in possession of
the Spanish part of the island and re-
fused to recognize the new Haitian re-
public. Dessalines crossed the frontier
with 300 men and devastated the country,
capturing all of the towns except the cap
ital. He retired to Haiti and was shot by
his own soldiers in 1906. Civil War fol-
lowed and Christophe and Petion pro-
claimed themselves Emperor and King
respectively. In the east the Spaniards
had risen against the French, and in q
battle defeated them, November 8, 1903.
ChriStophe aided the Spaniards.
The English also sent a fleet in 1909 and
the French were expelled. Spain was no.
titled of the recovery of her possession,
but remained Indifferent, until in 1914 the
treaty of Paris gave back to Spain her
colony. In 1921 Caceres organized strong
revolution and accomplished indepen-
dence, calling the new republic Colombia.
1t lasted only six weeks. Gen. Boyer,
who succeeded Petion in 1920, organized a
new government which was recognized
IN part by the east, and he became Presi-
dent of the entire people.
and desolated the fields. The Domnicans
revolted under Duarte and February 27,
lS44. became a separate republic 1t had
no stability, however, and Santana, Baez,
and others played in and out with the
Presidency. Jimenez, father of the last
President, was elected President in 1913,
but was not allowed to finish his term
ing of some strong foreign power and
in 1861 Santana again recognized the SOW
ereignty of Spain. but the Spaniards were
expelled in 1863 after burning most of the
towns.
In 1869 began the famous negotiations
for annexation to the United States
which President Grant recommended in
every message for eight years, and which
Sumner defeated Other negotiations for
who became president in 1882, and who
served for seventeen years and through
nineteen revolutions, twice secretly at
tempted sale to the United States. He
was assassinated in 1899, and his success
sor, Jimenez, is now taking refuge with
the French consul, while his vice presi-
dent, HOratio Vasquez, having succeeded
in a revolution, is at the head of a pro-
visional government.