davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1902-12-21
( the streets which would divide them

OF the streets which would divide them
Of $50 acres.
The number Of buildings In the same
district. Of not less than ten stories nor
Is at least double 800. with about the same
aver &, floor space. II these sections
above the fve-story height we're appropri-
ated and added to the boundaries there
would be not less than 800 acres of FIVE
story uildings surrounding the present
downtown. and the probability is that the
added area would be nearer 500 than 500
acres
Every year is bringing forth new sky
scrapers in the downtown district. Soon
there will be nothing else, for az fast AZ a
new one Is completed tenants are ready
to f1ll it and many are left over.
How they are to reach their Offices from
their homes and to get away again when the
whole Of the downtown districts is covered
with great structures, each holding thou
sands OF workers, Is problem with which
the builders are not concerning themselves.
i don't see what Is to he done even II
not one subway. but three or four are built"
said the architect who had been figuring
on the skyscraper question. I'VE are
working up in the sky and il seems to me
that the only hope is in flying machines
or aerial railways Tunnels cant do enough
for us"
An interesting development Of the sky.
scraper is that 1t has grown not only up
WdTu Dut uOWnWdTu. AZ tdlleT ana heavier
buildings were constructed II became
necessary to dig foundations lower and
lower below the surface This was only
possible when the caisson was applied to
building on land as well as beneath water.
Twenty-Five feet below the surface OF
lower Manhattan Is tidewater level To
dig below this is to have your work inun-
| dated with water, which filters through the
soft soil
To guard against this caissons in which
the foundation diggers worked In COM
pressed air were introduced. They were
| first used in the construction OF the Man
haitian life bull ton vears a~o
The space thus burrowed in the ground
| Is used for cellar room. The Manhattan
Life building which il $50 feet high from
the street to the top of the tower. also ex-
| tends IS feet below ground, There are
| other buildings since constructed in which
| the floor OF the lowest sub-cellar is 100 feet
below the street
/ That. too, can go on almost Indefinitely
| The future New York building is likely TO
! be steel, stone-encased tube, the entrance
10 which will be alb. u. one-third of the way
| up from it's base. and the most valuable
/ part OF which, from the owners point OF
view. will he at the top and the bottom.
Twenty years ago clerks declined TO
| work in the top stories of ten-story build
| ings on windy days for fear they would blow
| down. The top story Of big Office build
| ing or apartment house is now most in
demand by the tenants.
What IL will come to finally, nobody
cares to predict. But maybe in ten years
we Il really travel by flying machine to
| aerial Office cages. and by tube tunnels to
| burrows far below ground.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1902-12-21
ENGLISH RABBI SEEKS HIS son.
Lett Their Home In Russia In 1850 and
Came TO This Country


Gerson Ravnson, chief rabbi OF Liver
pool. Ia in New York in the hope Of finding
his eldest son, Solomon, who left their
home in Russia, July 10, 1885. The boy
was then IS years old
The Liverpool rabbi, who expects TO
speak in the chief synagogues in the city,
In the hore Of enlistin~ aid in his search
is staying with Isaac G lies, at 1888 Henry
street. There he told the story Of the
boys disappearance to reporter last
night.
Il was rabbi in the town Of Palanpen
In the Russian p 'ov nee of Courland at the
was determined that the hoy should tecome
a rabbi and that was what caused him TO
leave me. He couldn't lear the thought
Of Ioring over ecclesiastical books for
twelve years.
"One afternoon we had a quarrel and he
told me he was determined to be a physician
! upbraided him and he left home In anger
l never saw him again
Later in the year | got a postal card
from him written at Castle Garden, in which
he told me not to worry, for he was safe
and that II all went we'll he would write
again. Inever heard from him after that
Rabbi RAJ rson has two other sons and
dauehters a h ,me, one Of h I'm, DR.. Moses
Ravinson. is a chemist Of note in England
v" married a cousin OF Capt Dreyfus,
h French Army officer.
h rob was ordered TO leave Russia
the authorities discovered that his son had
escaped service in the army He was
also compelled to pay 800 rul les to the
Government
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1902-12-21
How BUILDTHEP. R.R. TUNNEL?
ONE PLAN To DRIVE WITH A
SHIELD-ANOTHER TO FREEZE.
shall . Row Of Piers $50 Feet Apart or
Continuous BED Of Piles support
the Tunnel Under North River Con.
ditaons In the Two Rivers DINER.

VIC tunnel I nuer NOrth River Com
diaons In the Two Rivers Diner.
How the Pennsylvania tunnel shall he
driven under the North and East rivers,
ana what supporting bed shall be pro-
vided for the tunnels in the North River,
are questions now under cons liberation
by the commission of engineers appointed
In 1902 by the road to study plans and solve
such problems
The stability Of a tunnel laid in the siI
composing the bed of the North River
Ii a matter that has commanded the at
tention of the best engineers of America
since the Pennsylvania first outlined its
general plan The North River is a stream
fifty feet deep with bed of mud 200 feet
thick above the bed rock, Tunnel builders
have found this silt to be the most treacher-
Gus material they deal with The experts
are agreed that the tunnel must have sup
port from the bed rock II is an open ques-
ton now whether the support shall be in
the form Of isolated piers at distance
OF $50 feet apart or "A continuous pile sys-
TEN on which the tunnel may rest The
chief problem of construction undecided
II whether the tunnel shall bc driven in
the usual fashion with a compressed air
chamber or whether the freezing process
shall be employed.
Charles NJ Jacobs who is the chief en-
gineer of the Pennsylvania tunnels. SUBJ
United a plan to the commission, and as he
is the head of the plan builders for the road
it has been assumed that the PENNSYLVANIA
would adopt il The Pennsylvania system
Is manned by scientific engineers. Presi-
dent CissatL is "A graduate of the Troy Poly
technic, and in his command are scores of
men who have made scientific st udy of the
problems Of construction. As the choice of
the wrong method might mean a tunnel
that would sink or shift In the river bed the
Pennsylvania experts are going at the prob
lem wit h great caution.
The icobs plan Is 10 drive each tunnel in
the usual manner vii shield, form that
ing under water levels. The tunnel is to
be lined with iron as it is driven. At inter-
walls OF $50 feet traps are to be cut in this
lining in he bottom Of he tunnel and hrous b
them cylinder piers sunk to bed rock
Trusses erected inside the lining and firmly
attached To it are to rest on the piers In
this way the trusses will carry all Z he loads
and transit them TO the piers and the lining
will be S wed that strain.
Since Mr.. Jacobs's plan was submitted
another has been laid before the commits
sion by Charles Sooysmith. one Of the con-
sulting engineers Of the contractors who
are building the rapid transit tunnel Mr.
Sooysmith is known for his achievements
in subaqU, o'is construction. When the
freezing process for sinking shafts was in
vented in Germany Mr. Sooysmith went
abroad and got the American rights. He
now holds patents on processes and de-
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1902-12-21

present the shape Of a big decanter, with
the bullying base around the Battery and
the narrow neck at the top. To get In and
out OF the bowl. 80 to speak in which almost
all Of the city's business is done, it's citizens
must pass through this neck to reach the
open country above.
1t would take not one day but several
to make a complete list Of the buildings
above twelve stories which have sprung
up in the part of Manhattan below Forty
second street in the last twenty years.
The architect who talked over this re-
markablc development in building with
THE sun man estimated the number roughly
at 800, wit h an average height Of fifteen
stories and an average area OF site of 10, 900
feet. or about quarter OF an acre.
To cut these into 6ve-story sections
would give 900 sections OF a quarter OF an
acre. each on total area (taking no account
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1902-12-21
CHRISTMAS CHARITY,
Fifth Avenue Crowd Turns TO and Hell 8
an lnlucky Petler.

A young Greek peder was plotting
pushcart. filed high with apples and
oranges, through the holiday crush of
vehicles on Fifth avenue at Thirty-fifth
street yesterday afternoon when the hub
of a hanson cab wheel hit the body Of the
cart Tho Greek was 40 frightened that
he let 60 his hold and the load of fruit went
into the gutter.
Tho r,Clc;' stood helpless while apples
and oranges rolled OF in al directions and
the cart started guideless down the hill
Christmas shoppers on both sides Of the
avenue stopped in sympathy, but nobody
made move until a messenger boy grabbed
the cart, ran 1t up to the curb and yelled
Hey, why don't you pick em up"
just then an old gentleman with two
little boys in tow stopped to pick upa couple
Of apples and a dozen other men followed
his example. In a moment the Greek =
cart was being loaded with bruised and
dusty fruit.
A man who had watched the mix I'D from
across the street walked over and ga ye
him two bills. another man followed with
half dollar and a footman was sent from
a carriage with another bill, till the man
must have collected In all Ave or six dollars.
Then the shopping crowd began TO move
again and policeman hustled the pedler
into Thirty-ffth street.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1902-12-21
IT'S LIKE A CITY IN THE SKY.
WHAT IS LOWER MANHATTAN
REALLY COMING TO?
Best Omces $50 Feet In the Attributable
space 100 Feet Below Ground
What tho city would Look Like n
'Twere but Of Five Stories. % Of Old.

'Twere but Of Five stories. - Of Old.
Twenty years ago the Fifth Avenue
Hotel, now a baby in the shadow OF the
giant Flatiron across the street. was the
tallest building in its surrounding neigh
borhood, and the Welles Building. Just
behind the new Produce Exchange. was
the nearest approach to a skyscraper
downtown. The spires Of Trinity and st :.
Paul's churches. now lost in the MAS OF
steel towers venecred with stone. domi-
mated the skyline Of Manhattan Island, as
seen from the North River.
Old New York city. since by reason OF Ito
peculiar limitations II cannot spread out =,
has grown upward and downward. BUSH
ness is carried on at assorted attitudes
away up above the church spires or In
cellars burrowed far below the surface
No city in the world has ever grown under
such conditions before.
There Is no limit to it. There are several
twenty-eight and twenty-nine story build
ings now, but architects and engineers
agree that there is no reason why there
should not be buildings thr,y-nine stories,
or more. The steel skeleton method of
building and the caisson plan for laying
foundations have disposed of the difficulties
Of construct ion.
Under the Old type construction, which
was the rue when many men not yet old
were yonug, five stories and seventh -five
feet height were the limits prescribed by
the law. II all the skyscrapers built down
town within the last twenty years we're
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1902-12-21
SHE WENT OUT TO GATHER COAL.
Thrown Into SnOwblnk by Q Passing
Train-SkulI Fractured and BODY Frozen.

PORT JERvIs, n. Y, Dec. 2o.-Mrs. Rosa
{. Storm. 40 years OF age, residing In this
village, left her home early last evening.
II was supposed to gather some coal which
had fallen or been thrown from the cars
near where she lived This morning.
shortly after o'clock. an Erie track fore.
man found the woman lying in an un-
conscious condition in "a snowbank, where
Her body was partly frozen, her skull
tract ured and her left arm broken above,
the elbow. She had lain in the snow all
night, with the Thermometer at the freezing
point She had not recovered conscious
ness up to this evening, and the full extent
of her injuries cannot be ascertained
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1902-12-21
Passenger Tramc between Port Jeryis
and Kingston Begins Tomorrow.

PORT JERvIs, n. Y, Dec. 2O.-The Ontario
and Western Railroad will begin running
passenger trains between Port Jervis and
Kingston on Monday over the Port Jervis,
Monticello and New York Railroad, which
it recently acquired by purchase, and the
newly built road between Ellenyille and
Kingston. The service will consist of two
daily trains from each terminal. The
passing of these roads into the control of
the Ontario and v estern causes the al an
donment Of the Office of the former in this
village, the retirement Of its president,
O. E. Godeffroy. and the transfer of It's
general freight and passenger agent, II. c.
Cox. to the post OF travelling passenger
agent If tie Ontario md V'esta-n
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1902-12-21

than $50 foot. The oxen silt could be
mined and brought to the surface, he es-
Inmates. al less than 81 a cubic yard.
The silt will remain frozen around the
tunnel excavation long enough to permit
the construction work, which. however
would follow closely to the finished ex-
ca, alton.
Another question has been raised az to
the feasibility Of building the tunnel struc-
ture Of masonry against frozen earth.
II is stated that freezing does not seriously
II at all, injure Port land cement and that
IL will be possible to keep the temperature
OF the masonry work above zero long
enough to let the cement set while at the
same time the frozen wall outside can be
maintained.
Mr.. Sooysmith has pointed out 10 the
pennsylvania engineers commission that
his plan obviates the use of the pneuma ic
shield, wnich calls for the construction of q
heavy and costly structure Of cast iron
that would thereafter be subject to the
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1902-12-21
Reward for Family Photographs.

Mrs Celia Feinstein OF III York street
Jersey City. reportedto thepolice yesterday
that somebody had entered her home
In the afternoon and stolen the family
album, which contained the picture NJ
her oest-beloved relative. Her husband
said that II the thief will return the pict-
ures. ne will pay the express charges, give
him a suitable reward, treat him to a Christ
mas dinner. guarantee him immunity
from prosecution and make him a present
of the album
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1902-12-21

cut into fve-story sec tions and set down
east and west Of their present sites-that is,
where the North and East rivers are now,
what would Manhattan look like? The
answer brings out the d.1 ulties Of the
remarkable transportation problem which
now troubles the city.
well-known architect. who has designed
several Of the best known tall buildings.
tried to figure it out for. Sun reporter
yesterday, and drew the accompanying
sketches of Manhattan islands outline as
it is now and as it would be. il giant razor
should cut the skyscrapers into fve-story
sections and add them to the area of build
ings.
Manhattan. already long and narrow,
would then, II such thing was possible,
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1902-12-21
Hemenway Wishes to Be 90, ernor.

INDIANAPOLIS, Ind, Dec. 2O.-Congress-
man Hemenway of the First Indiana dis
trict, who is home for the holidays. has
authorized formal announcement of his
candidacy for the Republican nomination
for Governor two years hence. Hemen-
way, il is said. already has assurance of
support from the entire Indiana Republic
can delegation in Congress.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1902-12-21

care or regret in her face. The woman
with the sallow cheeks said so. wonderingly
All the chatter and hurry is toward home.
a choke of the channels Of transportation.
a gossip of errands done and pleasures
stored up. an anxiety about being in time
for dinner and TO dress. All are in haste
that is, all but the rouged woman in the
shabby gown. she with the hopeless eyes,
the woman lone FORGOT
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1902-12-21
Cop 10 Get Bronze Cross Of Honor.

Policeman William J. Charlock Of j ,rsey
City. will receive the bronze cross of honor
for bravery at next Friday nights meeting
Of the police board. He rescued several
persons from a burning building in Ocean
avenue few weeks ago. He will be the
first cop to receive the bronze cross.
The Washington times., 1902-05-18
1:3s Is Slow Time Now.

Speed requirements are such today as
to require the constant attention of a
cycle rider TO the work in hand. and no
rider can really afford to give up his hold
upon the game for even a few months of
rest. The speed Of one season becomes as
nothing when another season opens, and
the rider who holds to his work steadily
finds little difficulty in attaining his mark.
Five years ago the mile record for which
every maker sought. and for which thou
sands of dollars were paid in salaries to
pacemakers and in all winter training
camps, was l:40. and then 1:39 1-5. To-
day n novice rider must go faster than
that for every mile of an hour ride to
gain any honors at all.
Young Joe Nelson was compelled to
train and train until able to go at a 1:3S
gat for the hour easily before he was
even considered possibility. Before
turning professional in June, Joe, who
has ridden but five races, must be able
to carry an hours ride at 1:3S gait
without much trouble. and must be able
to go the mile in 1:25. all Of which he
promises TO do in June. Here is a lad
who. although a rider but one year, must
travel faster for every mile OF an hour
than the speed limit of the year 1896. The
outlook for new riders becomes. there
fore. more and more discouraging. for it is
necessary for youngster TO have a year
or more of hard training before he may
aspire to amateur honors. Spooner and
Wells, of Newark. appreciated this fact
when the started young Nelson in his
work, and the good judgment of his man
ayers enables Joe to enter upon his sea-
sons work with the very brightest prom
The Washington times., 1902-05-18
AN INTERNATIONAL TOWN.
Nogales on the Mexican Border-How
the Laws Are Enforced.

1t would be incorrect to date letter
from either Nogales. Ariz. or Nogales.
Mex. alone. for the town belongs SO thor
oughly and completely to both that neither
half is town at all. 1t is the most COM
pleteiy and curiously international place
that can be conceived of. There is no sep
aration of the two parts visible as you
look down on the town from the hills. and
the life and the ordinary traffic OF the
place flow back and forth with no one, ap-
parently, to say them nay. However, It
must not be supposed that there is free
trade across the thoroughfare. which on
one side is called International Street. and
on the other the Gale International.
In the middle of the street, where the
Gale Elias, or main business street. cross
es the international avenue, stands stone
obelisk about twelve feet high and in
the vicinity of this are always one or two
guards in civilian dress, who pay no at
tention to empty handed passersby. but
will stop any carriage or any person who
offers to cross with a burden that might
contain dutiable material. Occasionally.
on the Mexican side. one sees a Mexican
inc CuarteI nearby
is too small TO hold more than a small
detachment. and neither soldiers nor uni
formed customs guards are ever in evil
dence along the border.
The Americans live apart from one an
other in individual houses of all grades.
most Of which are very neat. and some
of which are quite fine and must have
been costly. Their streets run up the
sides of the mountain glen in which the
town is situated. They have. of course
one large and fine public school building
and one or two smaller ones; churches
they seem to have little use for In
among their houses are the adobe cabins
of the Mexicans, who are their hewers of
wood and drawers of water Ithese terms
being literally correct here, for the fuel
Of the country is knotted and gnarlcd
wood brought from the hills on donkeys'
backs, and the town water won't run up
to the higher clevations).
The air. either with the scent OF the |
burning wood or without it, is delicious |
and eShilarating. The sunlight gilds the |
Santa Rita peaks. the outpost of Ari- /
zona. facing toward Mexico. The climate /
at this season is perfection itself; the /
nights and mornings cool-almost cold |
yet without any chill at all; the day from
10 o'clock on TIL sunset hot in the sun.
yet cool enough indoors and conducive to
siestas. The place seems to have ex-
actly the climate for winter and spring
resort.-New York Evening Post.
The Washington times., 1902-05-18
GET A MILK SNAKE FOR A PET.
1t Will Free Your House From Mice and
Also Amuse the Baby.

"A milk snake came into my back yard
the other day." said a man from Sussex
county, n. j.. ''and much to my sorrow
club and killed It.
''1f people who live where the milk
snake abides only knew the possibilities
of that mild hammered. docile creature.
they wouldn't try to kill every specimen
OF the species they met. The milk snake
would become a great deal more useful
and give more pleasure as a pet than
house cat, if people only would give it the
chance. Mice and rats will soon hunt for
other quarters il you let a milk snake in
troduce itself into your household and
leave IT to it's own methods. and your
baby would cease crying If you had
milk snake to amuse 1t.
We once let one of these snakes re-
main undisturbed in our house, into which
II had come timidly. but confidently, one
day. and il became so tame that 1t would
drink milk out of a cup held in tn,
hands of any member OF the family. and
was plainly pleased when 1t was stroked
or fondled. IL was an excellent mouser
and our old cat got to be SO Jealous
of the snake that he would hump his
back and spit and swear outrageously
whenever We petted IL or even praised il.
THE snake made all sorts OF over
lures and attempts to be friends with tho
cat, but the cat wouldn't have 1t. and
always thought 1t was the cat that at last
made away with the snake, although my
felix said Ii was a strange dog that did
the deed found him in the back yard
one day, dead and badly mangled, and
there was great grief in the household
over his taking off.'-New York Sun,
The Washington times., 1902-05-18

The season CT paced bicycle racing will
begin at the Coliseum cycle track. Four
teenth and East Capitol Streets. wedhes-
thing in readiness for the opening. and
the outlook is encouraging for large
crowd and first-class sport.
The chief event OF the evening will be
a paced match race between w. S. Fem.
the midget rider OF New Haven. Conn.
and Howard S. Freeman. of Portland,
Ore. Both are regarded as among the
very best pace followers in the cycle
world.
Two other events are scheduled for the
opening night, both amateur races. a lib
eral purse has been hung UP for the pro-
fessional race. and the amateur races
have prizes offered that will make it
worth the while Of the riders to do their
best. The prize in the novice race will
be a gold medal to the winner. while in
the amateur sprint the prizes given will
be Of the value of sis, s1O. and s. to the
first three that get to the tape in front.
Willie Fem. one Of the riders who will
participate III lLe principal ldCc VI tuS
evening. arrived in Washington yesterday
afternoon. and will complete his training
for the contest at the Coliseum track.
Howard Freeman, his opponent, will not
come TO Washington until later.
Entries for the novice and amateur
events are coming in rapidly. and there
is every prospect that the two races will
be well filed. The entries for both races
will close at O'Clock Tuesday night
The second meet of the season will have
as a star rider Nat Butler, one of the
speediest riders that ever rode wheel.
His opponents will be the winner OF We'd
nesday nights race. and George Leander,
of Chicago. The distance will be twenty
miles. and the pacemakers will be motors
geared TO travel a mile in less than 1880.
Tickets for the opening night may be
purchased at Tappans, on F Street, and
Stevens pharmacy. on the Avenue.