davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1899-1930, 1902-09-21
NO FALSE CLAIMS,

The proprietors of Foley's Honey
and Tar do not advertise this as u
" sure cure for consumption" They
do not claim It will cure this dread
complaint In advanced cases, but do
positively assert that 1t will cure in
the earlier stages and never fails TO
give comfort and relief In the worst
cases. Foley's Honey and Tar Is with
out doubt the greatest throat and lung
remedy. Refuse substitutes Sold by
Frank Hart. druggist.
The morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1899-1930, 1902-09-21

The president is going on sttl an.
other tour this time thoug
what Eastern people are pi,ased to
''call the West" The president eyident-
" believes in getting acquainted With
the country. But he won't see the best
rart of 1t till he comes to the Pacific,
The morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1899-1930, 1902-09-21
SAVED AT GRAVES BRINK.

Il know would long ago have been
in my grave" writes Mrs. S. H. New
som, of Decatur Ala, IF it had not
been for Electric Bitters For three
years l suffered untold agony from
the worst forms Of Indigestion, Water
brash, Stomach and Bowel Dyspepsia.
But this excellent medicine did me a
world of good. Since using It l can
Ieat heartily and have gained IS
pounds" For Indigestion, Loss Of APP
petite, Stomach, Liver and Kidney
troubles, Electric Bitters are a posi-
tive guaranteed cure. Only soc at
.Chas. Rogers drug stoer
The morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1899-1930, 1902-09-21

Office of Q. c. NJ, Vancouver Bar
racks, Wash, Sept. 12, 1902. Sealed
proposals, in triplicate, will be recelv-
ed at depot quartermastef's office,
Portland, Oregon, until IL noon Of
September q, 1902, for delivery at
Portland, Oregon, of three thousand
tons of oats an1 two thousand tons Of
hay with privilege of increase OF 25
per cent If desired. Oats to be double
sacked and hay to be compressed TO
the closest density. Information fur
nished here or by depot quartermaster
Portland, Oregon. u. S. reserves right
to reject or accept any or all proposals
or any part thereof. Envelopes con-
tanning proposals should be marked
Proposals for Forage at Portland, Or
egon," addressed F. II. Hathaway, C.
Q. NJ.
The morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1899-1930, 1902-09-21
TREAT YOUR KIDNEYS FOR
RHEUMATISM,

When you are suffering from rheu-
matism. the kidneys must be attend
cd to at once SO that they viii ellml-
nate the uric acid from thtc blood,
Foley's Kidney Cure Is the most ct-
fccttve remedy for this purpose, Il, I,
Hopkins, OF Polar, Wis. says; after
unsuccessfitiy doetorlng FOR three
years for rheumatism with the best
doctors. | tried Foley's kidney Cure
and Il cured me, cannot speak too
highly of this great medicine, For
sale by Frank Hart. druggist.
The morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1899-1930, 1902-09-21

Attention is directed to the C. A. r.
Convention to be held N Washington,
d. c.. October 9Th 10 lltk, inclusive,
1902. We can sell you tickets at rates
which make going to the convention
cheaper than staying al home, and we
make enough out OF ii so that we are
not ''on the county" Tickets sold only
on September 10Th and a)lh. For par
ticulars as to rates, accommodations
stopovers, time limit, etc. etc, call on
or address, B. H. TrumbIll. commr-
cial Agent Illinois Central r, r., 142
Third street, Portland. Gre.
The morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1899-1930, 1902-09-21

U, S. Engineer Office. Portland, Ore,
Sept. s. 1902; Sealed proposals will be
received here for mattress, rock and
pile work in connection with the ex-
tension Of the jetty at the mouth Of
Coquille River, Ore, until II q, m.
October $, 1902, and then publicly OPEN
ed. Information on application. w.
c. Langtitt, Capt. Engrs.
The morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1899-1930, 1902-09-21

Many soldiers In the last war wrote
to say that FOR Scratches, Bruises.
cuts, Wounds. Corrs. Sore Feet and
SUN Joints, Bucklen's Arnlca Salve Is
the best in the world Same for Burns.
Scalds, Rolls. Ulcers. Skin Eruptlons
and Plies, 1t cures 81, no nay. Only
25c at Chas Rogers drug store,
The morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1899-1930, 1902-09-21
THE BEST IS NONE TOO GOOD
FOR YOU.

THE BEST IS NONE TOO GOOD
FOR YOU.
We can furnish you with the best for
no more than you might pay for the
worst, therefore, don't throw away
good money for poor service, but If
you are going East, or have friends
coming West, let us tell you what
we can offer on Chicago, Washington,
New York, Boston, st. Louis. Mem
phis, New Orleans and all intermedi-
ate points. Our rails are laid in IA
different states of the Union.
Communicate with US regarding
freight and passenger business. It's
pleasure to reply to your letter.
Il. II. TRUMBULL,
J. c. LINDSEY, Com. Agt.
T. F. & p. A.
143 Third Street, Portland. Ore.
The morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1899-1930, 1902-09-21

The mere assumption Of martial OBJ
legations is in itself deterrent against
crime, for the man who is capable of
an emotion that will lead him to matri-
mony is not apt to relapse from the
finer instincts of his nature long
enough to commit crime. When the
children arrive and a home is estab-
lished the tenderest relations and OBJ
legations are developed and cherished.
The family ties become stronger and
deeper, the responsibilities of life as
sumo a more serious aspect and the
manifest impulses are nurtured and
strengthened. Eugene Register.
The morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1899-1930, 1902-09-21
TWO BOTTLES CURED HIM.

"l was troubled with kidney com.
plalnt for about two years" writes a.
IL, DaIs, of At, sterling, la, but two
bottles OF Foley's Kidney cure eject
cd permanent cure, Sold by Frank
Hart. druggist,
The morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1899-1930, 1902-09-21

4, II, Rass, OF Morgantown, Ind"
had TO get up ten or twelve times In
the night and had severe hackache and
pains In the kidneys, Was cured by
koley's kidney Cure,-ror sale by
Frank Hart, druggist,
The morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1899-1930, 1902-09-21
The man without remorse OF con-
science Is a moral failure.
FoILs A DEADLY ATTACK.

My wife was so III that good ply
sicians were unable 20 help her" writes
NJ N. Austin, Of Winchester. ;nd
hut was completely cured by Or,
Kings New Life Puts" They work
wonders in stomach and liver WoHbles,
Cure constipation, sick headache Csc
at Chas. Rogers drug store.
The morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1899-1930, 1902-09-21

When other medicines have failed,
take Foley's Kidney Cure, II has cur
ed when every thing else has disap'
pomted,--For sale by Frank Hart
druggist,
The morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1899-1930, 1902-09-21

Foley's Kidney Cure purlhes the
blood by straining out impurities and
tones up the whole system, Cures
kidney and bladder troubles ,--For sale
by Frank Hart Druggist,
The morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1899-1930, 1902-09-21

The Astorian guarantees TO Its ad-
vertisers the largest circulation Of any
newspaper published on the Columbia
River.
The morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1899-1930, 1902-09-21

n educated fool Is bigger fool than
an uneducated one,
The morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1899-1930, 1902-09-21

The submarine telegraph cable which
is to join the United States and Ha-
waii as the first link in the system to
the Philippines, has been compl ted
and is now on board the steamer Sill
verton, lying in the Thames pr para
tory to sailing, September 20, for San
Francisco, when it will Immediately b.
gin laying the cable to Honolulu. The
Silverton is expected to reach S n
Francisco early in December. Tie
cable is wound around enormous spools
each 80 feet in diameter. It's total
length is 2413 miles. The strands are
one to three inches thick. The total
weight of the cable is 10000 tons.-Ex.
The morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1899-1930, 1902-09-21
The DalleS Route
STR. " TAH0MA."
aud "METLAKO"
Daily trips except Sunday.
TIME CARD


Str. "TAH0NA"
Leave Portland Mon Wed. SRI. a. m
Leave Dalles, Tues, Thur, Sat, q, m.
Str. "METLAK0"
Lv. Portland Tues. Thur, Sat-. a. m.
Lv. Dalles, Mon, Wed. FRI, a. IN.
Landing at foot Of Alder Street, Port
land OregoL
Both Phones, Main 35l.
AGENTS.
John N. Filioon, The Dalles, Ore
A. ]. Taylor, Astoria, Ore.
J. ]. Luckey, Hood River, Ore.
Wolford & Wyers, White Salmon, Wn.
j. c. Wyatt. Vancouver, Wn.
r. z. Gilbreth, Lyle. Wn
John NJ lotion, Stevenson, Wn.
Henry Olmstead Carson. Wn
William Butler, Butler, Wn
e. w. CREIGHTON. Portland Oregon
The morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1899-1930, 1902-09-21

Could hardly express the thanks OF
Homer Hall. Of West Point. Ia. LIS
ten Why 4 severe cold had settled
on his lungs, causing u most obstinate
cough. Several physicians said he had
consumption. but could not help him.
When all thought he WAS doomed he
began to USE Or Kings New Dlscoy-
cry for consumption and writes; 1t
completely cured me and saved my
life. now weigh 80 pounds" It's
positively guaranteed for Coughs.
Colds and Lung troubles. Price SOC
and ST. Trial bottles free at Chas.
Rogers drug store.
The morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1899-1930, 1902-09-21

Pleasure fades like flower and
memory Is the lasting perfume.
The morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1899-1930, 1902-09-21

Labor oyercomes all thIngs-the Ia
Dor nor excluded.
The morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1899-1930, 1902-09-21
BRONCHITIS FOR TWENTY YEARS

Mrs. Minerva Smith. OF DanvIlle, Ill,
writes: 81 had bronchitis for twenty
years and never got relief until l used
Foley's Honey and Tar, which is a
sure cure."--Soll by Frank Hart,
druggist.
The morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1899-1930, 1902-09-21
laiI8 astnrta,,.
Telephone, Main ssi,
TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION,
DAILY,

Sent by mali. per year.............ss,eo
Sent BY mail, per month 90
Served by carrier. per month so
The morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1899-1930, 1902-09-21

Habit Of industry Is \ sure estate
and ftugaity Ia q fortune.
The morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1899-1930, 1902-09-21
THE PRIDE or HEROES.

The greatest blessing Is the posses
sion OF strong, pure mind,
The morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1899-1930, 1902-09-21

The hardest battle in life is 10 CON
Quer self,
The morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1899-1930, 1902-09-21
THE MIIW AUKEE.

A familiar name of the Chicago,
Milwaukee & 81. Paul Railway. known
all over the Union rs the Great Railway
running the Pioneer Limited" trains
every day and night between st, Paul
and Chicago. and Omaha and Chicago,
THE only perfect train In the world"
Understand: Connections are made
with all transcontinental lines, securing
to passengers the best service known,
Luxurious coaches, electric light. steam
heat, OF variety equaled by no other
line.
See that your ticket reads via 1.-THE
Milwaukee" when going to any point
In the Uutcd States or Canada. All
ticket ngents sell them.
For rates, pamphlets or other lnfoT.
nation, addess,
], w. CASEY, C. ], EDDY,
TRAY. Pass. Agt,, m, hgt,
Portland. Ore. Portland. Ore
The morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1899-1930, 1902-09-21

No man Is lit for leader until he
learns how 10 govern himself,
The morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1899-1930, 1902-09-21

smiling face depicts a pure heart
anl clean conscience.
The morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1899-1930, 1902-09-21

leen has advertised himself aGd hur
nobody--voil tout.
The morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1899-1930, 1902-09-21
sEMT-wEEKLY,

sent by mail, per year, in advance 81 o.
The morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1899-1930, 1902-09-21

There is a vast difference between
stlngtncss an deconomy.
The diamond drill. (Crystal Falls, Iron County, Mich.) 1887-1996, 1902-05-10
GREAT WESTERN.

Tuesday afternoon Of this week the
t;,st halter Of water was hcisted cat
of this mine. marking the beginning
of new ePoc at the property aud
bringing with it brighter pfepects for
the future of Cryetal Falls
The bailer was sw1lng intoSNo shaft
and is being operated by the new en-
zine which, by the way, Is working
admirably. IL was the original inten-
ton of the operators to mcrk three
bailers, one in No 3 shaft to be operat-
ed by the old Maripette hoist and two
in No shaft 10 be operated by the new
engine. This program has beon chang.
ed and all of the bauing viii be done
by the new engine The reason for this
change is that theald engine IS used
20 hoist dirt from the new shaft and
should any breakdown occur because
of the immense strain upon t'e engine
in pulling water II wo,i. s,of
work in the new shes ana me los
there would ove-balanso the gain IN
the unwatering
In lieu Of THE diminition IN the
number OF bakers, additions are K
be made to the two ia use The
larger baller has had an addition
put on it. lengthening II TO % tt
inches. and increasing its capacity e
1. 800 gallons In order h. handle thi
bailer stronger sheave had 10 b'
placed on the shaft house. This bale
will probably be swung in today Sn'
as soon as IL is in working order. tn
bailer now in use will be taken out Al
addition made 60 il and other repair
put upon IT,
The work of sinking the new shat
rests short distnace below the 10 tn
level aud the miners are drifting 4
towards is in about 40 feet ON n tots
drive a 100. IL has been carried tn
full with OF the shaft. so far as of thi
part of il will be cut the pump static
for the large pump which was pul
chaed recen tly and is now on III
ground awaiting placing This pun
The diamond drill. (Crystal Falls, Iron County, Mich.) 1887-1996, 1902-05-10
SHIPPING ORE FROM THE
FLORENCE MINE.

On Thursday about 45 carloads of
ore went forward to Escanaba and the
work of shipping will now go on as
fast as cars can be obtained until it is
said. about 40 900 or so 600 tons are
landed ON the docks ut Cleveland. The
stem shovel is being used in the work
of loading, and the work Of transfer
ring this amount Of ore will require
some time. Mining News.
A handsome new steam shovel arriv-
ed az Commonwealth, Tuesday, the
property Of the Commonwealth Iron
Company. This machine is OF un-
usual capacity and is the product Of
Marion. Ohio. II will be used at Nor
way and Commonwealth, during the
coming season.
The diamond drill. (Crystal Falls, Iron County, Mich.) 1887-1996, 1902-05-10
THE QUINCY.

When we visited the Bristol the other
day we noticed that the diamond drill
was at work ON this property and
strolied over there with a view at see
.ing whet progress was being nade.
We found that the drill had been placed
about 300 feet to the south of the old
Quincy shaft and thai the hole which
is being put down at an undarlay OF
about sixty degrees was pitched to the
south all of which would Indicate that
the developments in the new workings
of the Bristol show that the ore is
making further 10 the south than has
been thought heretofore with the pro-
liability that instead of following up
along the valley made by the Briar Hill
creek the ore either splits and part OF
IL follows the south curse or that the
whole formation swings 70 the south
and follows mp the gulley which crosses
the Mcleod lands between the Col
umbia road and the Briar hill creek
The hole was down about 100 feet at
the time of orr visit and the red sludge
in some of the pails stored there would
indicate that the ore formation was
met with but M 10 the nature Of tlae
material we did not ascertain.
The diamond drill. (Crystal Falls, Iron County, Mich.) 1887-1996, 1902-05-10
FROM THE MINES
THE BRISTOL

This property is doing nicely by
Crystal Fails this year, employing 1870
men and, at the tipe Of our visit to
the property. somewhere in the neigh
borhood of 900 tons per day were be-
ing hoisted but whether that was a con-
slant thing or only squirt for the time
being we did not enquire. However,
we know that the local management
has been laboring hard to get the pro-
perty in shaPs so tnat big, output
could be had on an economical basis
and their efforts are being rewarded.
The trouble which has been had at this
property with manganese has not been
done away with altogether especially
on the old workings of the mime from
which the major portion of tine ore IL
now being taken. There always has
been spots, here and there, throughout
the mine that have been free from
manganese and it is this selected or
that is being hoistsd to a great extent
Nothing definite is to be said, g
far, of the extent OF the new find
Work is being pushed on it right aloH.
but sufficient time has n0t elapsed q
give the operators a dcfni to know
ledge OF th extent of the deposit
The diamond drill. (Crystal Falls, Iron County, Mich.) 1887-1996, 1902-05-10

the title Of Young to every county list
ed for him.
Then to turn to the debatable terri
tory we have would make the additional
distribution as follows
Tendency for Sheldon but question
able MenOminee ~
This added TO the original makes a
total OF as, three less than enough.
Tendency for Young but questionable
Iron4. Schoolcraft g. This added TO the
oringinal 80 make as for Mr.. Young,
so that instead of being handicapped
in the race, Mr.. Young is at least on an
equal footing with the advantage OF
having his sdherents unified and en-
thusiastic, and that goes a long way In
a political convention.
Then we have left Otonagon y
Luce g Both claim these counties
1t is our private opinion that Mr.
Young has the better claim but tina
remains 10 be seen.
The diamond drill. (Crystal Falls, Iron County, Mich.) 1887-1996, 1902-05-10
STATE OF MICHIGAN,
County Of Iron

County Of Iron
AT session Of the Probate Court for
said County, held at the Probate Office,
in the City Of Crystal Falls on the 'sth
day Of May in the year one thousand
nine hundred and two.
Present, Albert l.. Flewelling Judge
of Probate. In the Matter of the Estate
of John McHugh deceased. On reading
and filing the petition, duly verified, OF
James p. Cleary A creditor of said
deceased praying that administration
Of said estate be granted to him or some
other suitable person. Thereupon 1t
Il ordered. that Monday, the Second
day of June next, at 10 o clock in the
fornoon. be assigned for the hearing of
said petition, and that the heirs at
law of said deceased, and all other
persons interested in said estate, are
required 20 appear at session OF said
Court. then Co be holden in the Probate
Office in the City Of Crystal Falls aud
show cause. II any there be, why the
prayer Of the petitioner should not be
granted And It is Further Ordered
that said petitioner give notice to the
persons Interested in said estate, OF
the pendency Of said petition. and the
hearing thereof by causing copy OF
this order 10 be published in the Dia-
mond Drill newspaper printed and
circulated ia said County, 3 successive
weeks previous 60 said day Of hearing
Albert l.. Flewclliug
Judge q Probate.
The diamond drill. (Crystal Falls, Iron County, Mich.) 1887-1996, 1902-05-10
ORDINANCE

An ordinance in relation TO salaries
and compensation of city officers
The City Of Crystal Falls Ordains
Section /. That the mayor and aid
ermen shall each receive the sum of
two dollars for every meeting Of the
Council which they shall attend pro-
yided that the total amounts 80 received
by each of them in any year shall not
exceed fifty dollars
Section 2. Until the first Monday in
May in the year one thousand nine
hundred and three, the following city
officers shall receive salaries, payable
monthly on the warrant of the city
clerk a. follows The city attorney
shall receive an annual salary Of three
hundred fifty dollars the city clerk
shall receive an animal salary OF three
hundred dollars the city treasurer
shall receive an annual salary Of four
hundred dollars the city marshal
shall receive an annual salary Of five
hundred dollars the engineer Of the
fire department shall receive an annual
salary ~ seventy five dollars and the
health officer shall receive an annua
salary 81 two hundred fifty dollars
Section B. The city surveyor The
street commissioger and other Offices
The diamond drill. (Crystal Falls, Iron County, Mich.) 1887-1996, 1902-05-10
~ FLORENCE.

The resignation of s. I Beattie, as
superintendent of the Florence mine,
went into effect Tuesday morning upon
the arrival of Felix A. Vogel. from
New York. Mr.. Vogel, was accompani-
cd by a Mr. Miller. who it is said, viii
have charge OF indoor work Mr..
Beattie will take short vacation and
will then consider several offers which
he has on hand HE states that he Will
continue 10 reside IN Florence for
while &c least His departure from
plorence VIII be a severe blow ~ q
community. which holds him ~ the
highest esteem aud his loss will bt
particularly felt in church work, hay
ing been ystauneh supporter of the in
.eresis 81 TIA Presbyterian Church.
The diamond drill. (Crystal Falls, Iron County, Mich.) 1887-1996, 1902-05-10
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.

The Union Clothing House of Marin
cite will open on or about the 18th the
finest stock Of mems and boys cloth
ing aud furnishing goods.
Wait for their goods We carry the
finest stock on the Menominee River.
We don't handle cheap class Of
merchandise. 1t is made by the best
manufacturers. Hold your pocket
books till we arrive.
We guarantee you will save money
on our clothing and furnishings foi
the claas Of merchandise we handle.
Wait Wait Wait Wait for oui
most up 20 date hats.
Watch for our circulars they vii
explains the rest.
Yours for business
b. H. Silvermann.
The diamond drill. (Crystal Falls, Iron County, Mich.) 1887-1996, 1902-05-10
cApT rHoMAs REsIGNs

On "Wednesday. Capt John Thomas
resi- gned his position as mining captain
Of the Florence mine after II years Of
continuous labor. not having taken a
week of IN that entire period The
announoernent Of his action was greeted
with profound regret by his large mum
Der of acquaintance here Capt
Thomas Is one Of the Oldest and best
known mining men in the Lake Su.
perior iron ore region to-day. He has
no definite plans just now in regard to
the future and it is to be hoped that ne
will continue to make Florence his
home.
The position made vacant 10y the res
ignation of Capt Thomas, was hIled
an Thursday by the appointment OF
Charles johnson. "a miner who has
been in the employ of the company ~
this city for several years
The diamond drill. (Crystal Falls, Iron County, Mich.) 1887-1996, 1902-05-10
PIcKANDs- MATHER INTERESTED

PICKANDS-MAT INTERESTED.
INSIDE information from one who is
in position TO know considerable OF
WHIST is going on among the independ-
ent companies with which the Pick
ands- Mather- ClevelandJCliffs Interests
are associated throws new light upon
the purchase Of the Kinney Hawkins
property ON the Mesabi. IL Is prom
Snently heraldcd that the Deering in
terests are the ones THAT have purchased
the mine hut while the behring's are
interested 10 the extent of about one
fourth Of the purchase. they are by no
means the only ones in the deal. In
fact the Psckands Matner people seem
TO be the lsrgest'interestec parties as is
evidenced by the fact that H. 5 hasel-
ton and General Manager Munger were
prominent in thp negotiations that were
carried on prior to the purchase OF the
property. Wish the Pickands people
IS figured the llackawana rail road in
teresfs in which the Pickands people
have a barge representation, IL is not
clear yet as 10 what management the
new property will i've under but there
is d tacit understanding that Mr..
Munger hae something to say about
the operations aud it wouldn' 4 b
strange If the management Of the mine
should pass to him.
The PickGuds Mather people are NOR
extensively interested i'll commercia
matters than they are generally credit
ed with. This new alliance with ia
bearings provides them with auothe
loutlet for their ore, they being exten
siys miners of ore of all grades y
Iron county they have the Baltic an'
HeInlock mines, both producers, sn'
the Caspian, property upon whie
Diamond drill operations showed up
fine deposit of ore and for the opentn
no OF which an expensive sand shaft !
! being sunk. In Dickinson county the
have the Vivian mine and the Neron
mines ard extensive holdings Of hig
SILICA ore in addition. They are als
exbensively interested on the Gogebi
and Mesabi and are constantly engage
in exploring for properties on all Z
! the ranges.