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The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1902-10-28
BUTLER.
Anthracnose or "Black-Rust" of
Cotton.
Cotton.
Raleigh, n. @.

SOSSOAS
Editor of The Progressive Farmer
"Black-rust" of cotton bolls is each
year becoming worse in the cotton
fields of the eastern part of North
Carolina. The damage is extensive
in moist seasons. 1t frequently
amounts to one-tenth of the crop.
"Black-rust" is a fungous disease,
and the spores or germs of the fun
gus are usually transmitted from
place to place with and in the Gotten
seeds. The fungus also attacks the
leaves and stems of the cotton plant,
but this form usually causes no ap-
preciable damage. The spores of the
fungus may, however, live over win
ter in the stems and diseased bolls
of the preceding crop.
REMEDIES FOR "BLACK RUST"
The simplest and most efectual
remedy for this disease is the an
nual selection of seed from plants
known to be free from the fungus.
This, in connection with rotation of
crops by means of which cotton will
not come upon the same field often
er than once in three years, will re-
duce damage by "black-rust" to an
inappreciable quantity. Cotton may
be sprayed like other herbaceous
crops. For this crop we must use a
spray which will not stain the lint.
The ammoniacal carbonate of cop
per is the best spray to use upon cot
ton. This is made by d~issolving 6
ounces of copper carbonate in three
pints of strong ammonia and adding
the resulting solution to so gallons
of water. This may be sprayed on
the plants by any of the garden or
orchard sprayers in common use. The
Bordeaux mixture may be used upon
cotton while it is young, but is no
better than the ammonial carbonate,
and if used after the bolls attain full
growth-and this is the time when
it is most needed-the Bordeaux
mixture is liable to stain the lint.
Paris green at rate of 4 ounces to
the barrel may be used with the Bor-
deaux mixture to destroy caterpil-
lars, but no arsenite can be safely
used with the ammoniacal solution.
But annual selection of healthy seed
and rotation of crops is the best
remedy for "black-rust."
GERALD MCCARTHY,
Botanist, N. G. Department of Agri-
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1902-10-28
HOME EDUCATION OF THE BOYS.
Valuable Training That Any Farmer
May Give His Son.

There is a great deal of education
to be obtained outside of the schools
and much of the best education is
better contained outside than in.
Education is not stufing a boy with
facts, but teaching him how to get
his own facts and draw the proper
conclusions therefrom. For example,
you intend your boy for a farmer,
and the first thing in farming is to
know how to produce the raw mate
rial, the grain and grasses. He can
not too soon begin observing the eff
feet of different methods, of plow-
ing early and late and under condi-
tions as nearly similar as possible;
of the results from the different
kinds of grain, different qualities of
corn, different thickness of planting,
different methods of cultivation.
These are matters to which the farm
er should call the boys attention and
talk with him about at every oppor-
tunity, aiming to stimulate the pow
ers of observation and reason.
He should encourage his boy to
guess at the yield per acre of each
particular kind of grain, not random
guesses, but carefully matured judg-
ments. He should teach him how to
measure the field and find out exact
Iy~how~many acres there are, obtain
ing the exact amount of the crop,
and nus verifying his guesses: All
this tends to develop the judgment
as we'll as the powers of observation.
Where farmers are buying and
selling cattle the boy should always
have an opportunity of estimating
the weights. Only in this way can
he become a judge of live weights.
Let him make up his deliberate judg-
ment; hen weigh and see how far he
is wrong, and see if he cannot come
nearer it the next time.
Farmers often butcher hogs for
their own use. Here is a splendid
opportunity for educating the boy.
Let him guess at the weight Of each
Individual hog; then weigh. After
killing weigh the dressed carcass and
see how nearly he can come to the
dressed weight. He will find a great
variation in the weights of different
hogs. In cutting up a hog let him
weigh the different parts, the hams,
the sides, the head, the shoulders.
Where a fat hog is killed and a large
per cent of it rendered into lard, let
him estimate that; then weigh and
see how nearly correct his esti-
mate is.
All this is education that cannot
be obtained in the schools; or rath-
er, this is the practical application
of education and becomes the higher
education, the practical working sort
that goes with a man through life.
Education that cannot be applied di-
rectly or indirectly is of very little
use in this world, and much of it is
simply old lumber stored away in the
garnet of the brain instead of the
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1902-10-28
HOW TO THE
CATTLE TICK.
An Important Paper by State Veteri-
marian Butler.

AT q meeting OF the state N6I0E4-
narians of the Southern States, held
at Atlanta, Ga, October 8, 1902, the
following resolutions were unani-
mously adopted:
"Whereas, the disease known as
Texas fever is responsible for the
death of more cattle in the South rn
States than all other diseases com
bined; and,
Whereas, this disease is transmit
ted in a natural way solely by the
parasite known as the cattle tick
(boophilus annulatus); and,
Whereas, by the use of proper san
itary measures this parasite a be
efectually destroyed on any farm or
district, and the Federal quarantine
raised from such territory; there
fore, be it
Resolved, /. That the entire tick
infested ares can and should ulti-
mateIy be freed of the cattle tick.
2. That an effort should first be
made to eradicate ticks from those
counties Immediately adjoining the
Federal quarantine line.
3. That this work should be done
under the auspices of a State live
stock sanitary board, or the Commits
sioner of Agriculture, in each State,
and Immediately under the supervi-
sion of a qualified veterinarian.
4. That each State should pass the
proper sanitary regulations and ap-
propriate the requisite funds for this
important work.
5. That those tick free farms in
counties that are far south of the
quarantine line, where the disease
is common among native cattle rails
ed on such farms, should be infested
with ticks, and kept sufficiently in
tested to insure immunity to the cat
tie until the quarantine line has
reached said counties.
V. 1udI LuG DGdJG sanitary duGlOT-
tiles should always heartily cooper
ate with the Federal authorities in
their crusade against all tick infest-
ed territory"
NORTH CAROLINA's WAR OF EXTER-
MINATION.
North Carolina is probably accom-
plishing more than any other South
ern State in her efforts to extermi-
nate the cattle tick, and the follow
ing is an explanation of the methods
employed in the work:
1t is always advisable before be-
ginning any fight to learn as much
as possible about the enemy, there
fore, a few facts about the life his
tory of the ticks (boophilus annul-
atus) will be helpful to an under
standing of our methods. The full
grown female tick drops off the cat
tie when she becomes ~engorged with
blood. Her heavy body and small,
short legs make crawling difficult,
so she gets under the dry grass, or
trash" close at hand. In two or
three DAVIS she ba0iDS 1ov;o~ oore
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1902-10-28

Reputation is what men and wo-
men think Of us. Character is what
God and angels know of us.-T.
Paine.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1902-10-28

the Matching prevented entirely if
the weather is sufficiently cold.
The young ticks when first hatch
ed are very small, being scarcely Wis
IDLE except on close inspection. They
crawl up the grass, weeds, or small
twigs and there wait for the cattle
to come along and pick them up. If
the unfortunate cow comes along to-
day it is all right with the tick, but
if she does not come along until next
week, or next month, or indeed for
three months, it is all the same for
he will still be there waiting for her.
If no COW, mule, or horse comes along
in three or four months these small
ticks die from starvation, for they
have no other known mean of OBJ
tanning food for development. But
if some cow brushes her leg against
the object on which the young ticks
are waiting they "catch on" and soon
fasten themselves to the thin and
tender parts of the skin and begin
to suck blood and grow.
In three or four weeks (and in
cold weather possibly longer) they
will have reached their full growth
and the females engorged with blood
drop off and begin laying eggs as did
their mothers. The male ticks never
get much larger than a pin head and
are seldom. seen unless searched for,
or pulled off with the large female.
FOUR NOTEWORTHY FACTS
The following additional facts
should also be remembered:
1. Neither old nor young ticks
crawl far, hence a fence with a bot
tom rail or board on the ground will
stop them, but wire fences do not al
ways afford protection.
2. Ticks do not crawl from one an
imal to another.
3. Eggs laid during the cold
weather of late fall and early winter
do not hatch, hence, go through the
winter as eggs and hatch when warm
weather m in the spring.
4. All eggs laid before September
1st will probably hatch the same fall
and, therefore, the young ticks will
be killed by the cold winter weather
or starve to death before spring.
This means that if all cattle be taken
out of a pasture September 1st, all
ticks will be dead by the next spring
and the pasture will remain free I'M
less reinfested.
AND THREE NOTEWORTHY PLANS
With these facts in mind three
plans for the determination of the
tick at once suggest themselves:
1. Keep all cattle, mules and
horses out of the tick infested pas
ture, lanes, and lots for one season,
or at least, after September 1st, and
the ticks will be exterminated by the
next spring.
2. Divide the pasture by a fence,
with a rail or board tight on the
ground. and keen all cattle. mules
The Coconino sun., 1902-03-22

THERE are only few gilded domes In this country. One of the first in the United States was erected on the State House at Boston, and one of the most notable is that on the new congressional library at Washington. Chicago is soon to have the most unique, and prob. ably the most beautiful, on the new federal postoffice building. In this case the dome will be of glass, with gold leaf on the inside, thus securing the effect of a great mirror with golden back ing. The surface will be smooth and glistening, the rains will wash it clean, and the gold will be protected from dirt and weather.
The Coconino sun., 1902-03-22
Nomln.,,on. for counolIm.n.

A mass meeting was held in the courthouse on Saturday evening for the purpose of nominating candidates for the council. The Citizens ticket, which seems to be the popular ticket, is composed of the following well-known business men: T. K. Pollock, David Babbitt, E. s. Gosney, J. c. Blake and J. A. Vail.
 The nominations on the Peoples ticket were as follows: J. Aubineau, Dr. D. J. Brannen, w. H. Carroll, T. E. Pulliam and s. Millsap, all leading business men.
 Since the meeting Dr.. D. J. Brannen and J. Aubineau have withdrawn their names from the ticket, not desiring to be candidates.
The Coconino sun., 1902-03-22

THE Phoenix Indian school, says the Native American, now has 4S3 full bloods out of an enrolment of 66S, or 72.3 per cent. About twenty-five tribes are represented, but the Pimas, Papa goes, Maricopas and Yumas are the
 most numerous. the Pimas at Phoenix (273) outnumbering those in the large reservation boarding school at Sacaton.
The Coconino sun., 1902-03-22

THE Southern Pacific Company has filed articles of incorporation by which it consolidates all its property in Cali fornia. Arizona and New Mexico, under one company, which will be known as the Southern Pacific Railway Com pany. Its capital stock is fixed at $l55, i55, 900, making it one of the largest companies in the United States.
The Coconino sun., 1902-03-22

ON the first page of this issue will be found an interesting communication from Mir. Edward NJ. Doe, in which he explains the issue between the Santa Fe Railroad Company and the counties along the line of the road. THE SUN has already stated that there is no need of a compromise by the various boards of supervisors relative to taxes, and
 Mir. Doe, who is an able attorney, makes the matter plain in his communication.
The Coconino sun., 1902-03-22
VTAH WANTS IT.
All of Arizona Lyins North of tho Colo rado River-A Country Rich In
 Mineral and Timber.

A bill has been introduced in con gress by Representative Sutherland of Utah, which provides that all that DOT tion of Arizona north of the Colorado river be annexed to Utah. The bill states that the land is desert and is of no value to Arizona, and provides that the state of Utah shall within one year after enactment manifest it's approval by legislative act accepting said lands as a part of the state and extend county government over the same.
 Several years ago Utah made an effort to secure that portion of Arizona lying north of the Colorado river, and Utah sent committee to confer with the Twentieth Legislature of Arizona upon the advisability of disposing of that part of Arizona. The legislature did not approve of the matter, nor were the people of Arizona then disposed to let it go.
 At that time but little was known by the people of the territory of the DOT. tion north of the Colorado river, and it was considered of but little value. But Utah knew the worth of 1t, and therefore had desire to obtain control before it's value was realized
 The section which is coveted by Utah lies within the borders Of Coconino and Mohave counties, and 1t Is rich in mineral and timber and is fairly we'll watered and has fine grazing lands. Its isolation has prevented it's develop ment. and it would be valuable ac- qusition to Utah.
 During the past two years there has been marked development of the mines in the Buckskin mountains, and at least half million dollars have been invested in these mines and their de- velopment. The cattle and sheepmen have discovered that it Is fine grazing section and they are pasturing large herds and bands on what is practically virgin grazing ground.
 A large portion of the country ex- tending from the Grand Canyon to be- yond the Buckskins is covered with pine forest, the forest being eqnal to that in the vicinity of Flagstaff.
 The portion of Arizona lying north of the Colorado river has resources enough to make it one of the most pros porous portions of the territory. and with the advent of a railroad, which is sure to come ere many years, it's wealth will be rapidly developed.
 There is scarcely a resident in that section that favOrs it's transfer to Utah. Utah is not to be blamed for possessing a desire to attach this valuable portion of Arizona to it's domain. The location of the coveted section to Utah is such that it would add large amount of territory to that state and allow the expansion of the Mormon oligarchy under the favorable laws of that state, and this is probably the true reason of their desire to appropriate all of Ari- zona north of the Colorado.
The Coconino sun., 1902-03-22

THE Douglas Dispatch, published by A. F. Banta, the first printer who reached Arizona, has reached our ex- change table. The Dispatch is neatly printed and has a prosperous appear ance. We wish Brother Banta success in his new field.
The Coconino sun., 1902-03-22

THE mines of Arizona should pay their just burden of taxation, and the taxpayers should demand that the next legislature pass law that will equally tax all mining property.
The Coconino sun., 1902-03-22
The Santa Fe

Is the most comfortable way across the con tinent. Dining Rooms and Dining cars are managed by MT Fred Harvey, and are perfec in every detail.
 Rates tickets and full information cheerful furnished on application to
 G. E. SULLIVAN, Agt., Flagstah ]. J. BYRNE, c. P. A., Los Angeles.
The Coconino sun., 1902-03-22

BILLS have passed the house to ratify the act of the Arizona legislature pro- viding fund for the University of Ari- Navajo county at a lower rate of inter-
The Coconino sun., 1902-03-22

BY direction of the president Brig adler General Funston has been as- signed to the command of the Depart ment of the Colorado, with headquarters at Denver.
The Coconino sun., 1902-03-22

THE senate has passed bill granting the Central Arizona Railroad the right of way through .he San Francisco Mountain forest reserve.
The Coconino sun., 1902-03-22
SATURDAY, MARCH P, 1902.

THE nomination of NJ. H. McCord has been confirmed by the senate.
The Coconino sun., 1902-03-22
Stops the Cough and Works off the
 Cold.

Laxative Bromo-Quinine Tablets cure cold in one day. No cure, no pay. Price p cents.
The news & observer., 1902-02-09
Fl and B. BEERS MARKET LETTER
Especial to News and Observer)

Especial TO News and Observer)
New Orleans, La, Feb. S.-Our mar
ket opened to 3 points higher in re-
sponse to the firmness of Liverpool. but
subsequently declined to 9 points on
free receipts, closing at a net loss of
points on the day. Port receipts today
are 5000 in excess of last year, and the
interior towns show an increase over
last week comparing favorably with
last year Should the weather continue
to improve the probabilities are the
movement will again become normal in
d few days. The Egyptian receipts dur
ing the week were 10000 cantars against
40 000 last year, aggregating from Sep
ember to date 4,6S7 900 against 3,S06,OOO
last year, an increase of SS1, 600, reduced
to the equivalent of 5000 pounds bales
amounts TO an excess of $4,000. The
Bombay receipts to date are 261, 900 bales
over last year and as the Egyptian
movement during the same time has in
creased 10000, the, increase between
them both over last year aggregates 431,
600 For the time being. however these
important facts are lost sight of, not
withstanding they have direct bearing
on the probable consumption of Ameri-
can, which was reduced by MIR. ELLISON
upon ascertaining that Lancashire and
the continent were using considerable
Surats, Peruvian and Brazilian cotton at
the expense of American. The receipts
and weather conditions will continue tc
govern the future course of values.
Fl. AND b. BEER.
The news & observer., 1902-02-09
STOCKS AND BONDS.

New York, Feb. S.--The weekly bank
statement came like a dash of cold water
in the face of the market today and
induced precipitate offering of stocks for
a few minutes. The way in which those
offerings were taken indicated very
strong and determined support. with
large resources at command, and the
market rallied strongly, closing firm with
some stocks at the top prices of the day.
only once before in the history of the
New York clearing house has the loan
expansion for week exceeded that re-
ported for today of s2S,974. 500. For the
week ending February 2, 1901, loans in
creased $50 440, 600 This was at the
time syndicates were rushing to secure
control of the promised expansion of the
country's credit resources for the carry
ing out of the vast projects which after
wards electrified the world. There can
be no doubt that the present loan expan-
sion represents in part the transfer of
obligations from foreign lenders incurred
during the financial activities of last
year TO domestic lenders. That is TO say
funds borrowed from New York banks
are used to pay Off debts to foreigners
by export of gold But there Is con
viction general In Wall street that large
loans are being secured by syndicates
for carrying out new projects. 1t is sur
missed that the new securities company
for control of Metropolitan Street Rail
way may have far-reaehing ends looking
TO centralized control, not only of New
York Transit facilities, but of controlling
suburban lines The placing OF several
large issues of railroad bonds during the
week must also be accounted for. There
was a notable buying movement in the
Readings, active selling of Manhattan on
the decision against the legality Of the
third track on the Ninth Avenue Elevated
Railroad. strength In Metropolitan Street
Railway and a sharp recovery from an
early decline in Amalgamated Copper.
General Electric jumped S1z points and
reacted Il. A number of minor railroad
stocks showed strength.
United States Refunding 2's y the
old As advanced u per cent over the
closing call Of last week.
Total sales for the day were 342, 700
shares including Atchison 10, 500; Chica-
60 Indianapolis and ST. Louis $500; Erie
6, 400; Iowa Central 1900; Manhattan
% 100; Metropolitan II 200; New York
Central $500; Pennsylvania 500; Read
ing &c. 500 Reading, first preferred, 200;
Paul II, 800: Southern Pacific %, 20O To-
ledo. ST. Louis and Western preferred,
8 100; Union Pacific 7.100; Amaigamated
Copper 24100 Brooklyn Transit 6400
Sugar 15,600; United States Steel 1860.
The news & observer., 1902-02-09
Equitable
5 Per Cent.
Gold Bonds.

On payment of $4,000 the family OF
John r. Thomas, architect and builder,
gets 100000 from the Equitable Life AS
surance Society. The family decided to
take $1,000 a year for twenty years and
then 100000, rather than $4,000 in a
lump sum now. Mr. Thomas died on
August %. Twelve years ago he took
out $4,000 policy in the Equitable.
Last year he took 100000 more in the
shape of five per cent gold bond, on
which he had to pay $1,000 premium.
The Society offered the family $4,000
cash in gold, or the $4,000 a year and
100000 additional at the end of twenty
years The family chose the latter
option.
The news & observer., 1902-02-09
GRAIN AND PROVISIONS.

Chicago, Feb. STRAINS closed some
what monotonous week of speculation IL
much the same fashion of the days preyi-
GUS Weakness in coarse grains brough
dips all around, but the revival of somS
small strength in wheat buoyed the
market up late in the day. May whea
closed l4c higher, May corn asc. lower
and May oats Ac. down. Provisions
closed unchanged to sc. lower.
Leading futures rangeo as follows
The news & observer., 1902-02-09
THERE ARE SOME SIMPLE REMEDIES

Indispensable IL any family Among
these, the experience OF years assures us,
should be recorded Painkiller. For both
internal and external applications we
have found it of great value; especially
ian we recommend it for colds, rheuma-
ism. or fresh wounds and bruises
Christian Era. Avoid substitutes, there
5 but one Painliller Perry Davis. Price
9nC and I0c.
The news & observer., 1902-02-09
NEW YORK MONEY

NEW YoRR, Feb s.--l p, m.-Money on call
nominal at - pet cent; last loan III pei
cent; ruling rate per cent Prime mercantile
paper 46l4h per cent Sterling exchange steady,
with actual business ia BANKERS bills at 481 q
for demand and at 4.s4&Q4S4ss Tor 90
days. Posted rates 4.S5Gl4.S51f AMI ass. Som-
Inercat bills 4.s39s s14S4ss Bar silver b55s. Mexi
can dollars 423s Government bonds steady; State
bonds lnaetive Railroad bonds eastr.