davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1902-03-27

(First published in the Daily Leader
March 20, 1902)
Application for Liquor License.
Territory of Oklahoma, County OF
Logan, IS.
Notic4 is hereby given that
p. NJ Wick
has this day filed in the office of the
County Clerk, in and for said County,
his petition, asking that license be
granted him to sell at retail, malt,
lspirituous and vinous liquors on
Lot /, block SO, Fifth ward of the
City of Guthrie, in said county and
Territory.
If no protest be filed on or before
April 4, 1902,
his petition viii be granted and
license issued.
Witness my hand and the seal OF
said county hereto affixed thiAl
goth day of March, 1902.
J. B. Dobson, County Clerk.
BY F. s. Pu1liam. Deputy, a
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1902-03-27
PROFESSIONAL CARDS.
PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS.
L. W. Baldauf, Q. o. s.



l.. w. Baldauf, .. o. s.
DEsNITG@RT
Onice over Hetch shoe store cor
ner Oklahoma and First. Phone 430.
Open evenings until D. M
DR.. G. (. HUTTON,
Veterinary Surgeon,
office at n. B. Smiths stables, Cd
Clevela1i and Vine.
Residence, 61s Cleveland avenue.
Office phone 81;
Residence phone 461
Modern, scientific aud successful
surgery and treatment OF all diseases
of the horse and all other domestic
animals
Consultation free; charges reason
able. References, my patrons.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1902-03-27

First published in the Daily Leader
March 19, 1902.)
Application for Liquor License.
Territory of Oklahoma, County Of Z
Logan, SIS.
Notice is hereby given that
VIM. A. Knowles
has this day filed in the office of the
County Clerk, in and for said County,
his petition. asking that license be
granted him to sell at retail, malt,
spirituour and vinous liquors on
Lots g. 6. 7, block SO, Fifth Ward.
City Of Guthrie in said County and
Territory
If no protest be fled on or before
April 1, 1902,
his petition will be granted and
license issued.
Witness my hand and the seal of
said county hereto affixed this
18th day of March, 1902.
J. B. Dobson, County Clerk.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1902-03-27
The Scenic Route
for TOURISTS

The Frisco SYSTEM now offers the
travelling public excellent service and
fast time
Between ST. Louis and Kansas
City and points in Missouri, Kansas,
Arkansas, Oklahoma, Indian Terri
tory, Texas and the Southwest.
Between Kansas City and points
in Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi,
Georgia, Florida and the Southeast.
Between Birmingham and Mem
phis and points in Kansas, Arkansas,
Oklahoma, Indian Territory, Texas
and the West and Southwest.
Full information as 10 route and
rates cheerfully furnished upon appli-
cation to any representative of the
Company, or to
Passenger Traffic Department,
Commercial Building,
Saint Louis.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1902-03-27
OKLAHOMA CITY.

CKLAhOMA CIV
(oklahoma Limited)
Leaves Oklahoma City -. 6:10 p. m.
Arrives Kansas City .... 7:4O a, m.
Arrives st. Louis ....... 5:35 p. nj.
Arrives Memphis ...... 500 p. IN.
(St. Louis Expressly
Leaves Oklahoma City -. 1905 a. M
Arrives st. Louis ....... 7:15 a. m
(Oklahoma Limited.J
Leaves Kansas City ..... $500 p. m
Arrives Oklahoma City :. 1885 a. m
(st. Louis Expressly
Leaves st. Louis ........ 1000 p. m.
Arrives Oklahoma City 80. 6:25 D. m.
Through cars and Pullman Palace
sleeperB between Oklahoma City,
Kansas City and Memphis. For rates
and other information call on pearest
Frisco system agent or address the
undersigned.
A. Hilton,
General Passenger Agent,
st. Louis. No.
Bryan snyder
Passenger TraRic Manager.
ST. Louis. No.
3. ?. Dunn,
District Passenger Agent
wichita Kansas.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1902-03-27
California
Excursions

Only S25 from Guthrie; same
reduction to Phoenix, Arizona.
Daily, March /. 20 April 30.
Tickets good in tourist sleepers
and chair cars,
The Santa Fe most directly
reaches the great oil producing
districts Of south central
California Phenomenal yilds,
riyaling the best eastern fields.
Get a home the wonderful
San JoQuain valley Ask for
book about II
SANTA FE.
4. ,. corI<lns, Agent.
49,. 49,. 49,
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1902-03-27
ROOFING.
c. n. COLE,
Roofer.

Contracts taken for new roofs,
gravel sand and asphaltum.
All kinds Of roofing done at reas-
enable prices.
old roofs, TIN and gravel dried, re-
painted and repaired.
Satisfaction guaranteed
Out of town orders given prompt
attention.
Twenty five years experience.
722 East Oklahoma Avenue.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1902-03-27
To Cigar Dealers

We presume you have been
in the business long enough
to notice that it is the easiest
thing in the world to load up
with a line of cigars that no
body wants. Sellers are many
and buyers are few and far
between of brands that have
not got an established repu.
tation for excellence. Our
telephone number is 1913
Ring us up and let us furnish
you with a few sure enough
cigars. Get La Josephines,
HenryGeorges, Rice IS Agents,
Little Cuestas, and do bus
mess with something that
everybody knows and smokes
Olsmith ArmsCo
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1902-03-27
MUSIC.

COLLEGE or FINE ARTS.
LOUISA BELLE HOWARD.
Experienced Teacher OF
Piano and Organ, Voice and Harmony
Elocution and oratory.
Shakespeare and Dramatic Art.
American. German and Italian Schools,
N-N-~~~-~-e-~~~~-N
Thoroughness, my method; correct
ness a sure result.
Terms Always Reasonable.
Studio 212 Okla. Ave.
Guthrie, Oklahoma.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1902-03-27
(First published in the Daily Leader
March 10, 1929

(First published in the Daily Leader
March 10, 19O2)
Application Ter Liquor License.
Territory of Oklahoma, County OF
Logan, S.
Notice is hereby given that
l.. ID. Fossett
has this Gly filed in the Office of the
County Clerk, in and for said County,
his petition, asking that a license be
granted him to sell at retail, malt.
spirituous and vinous liquors on
Lot is, block 50, East Guthrie,
Third Ward, City Of Guthrie, in said
County and Territory.
II no protest be fled on or before
April /, 1902,
his petition win be granted and
license issued.
Witness my hand and the seal of
said county hereto affixed this
18th day of March. 1902.
J. B. Dobson, County Clerk.
The Yale expositor., 1902-01-24
CuARplAN's sALh on REAL ESTATE.

state Of Michigan, County Of Macomb, 81.
~ De- matter 81 the estate Oi Esllda Naring.
Insane Notice Is hereby given. that IN peTsii-
auce and hy virtue Of au order granted 10 tic
undersigned, as Guardian OF the estate ~ said
Fslda Wariug. Insane, hy the Hon. seth w.
knieht, Judge ~ Probate in aud Tor said county.
on the eleventh day ~ November, A. ID. 1901.
there will be sold at public yendue, io the high
est bidder gt Csc premises in the Village ~ ale.
ln So. Clair county. Michigan, on Friday, The
.lst day oi February, A. u. il.2, ai ~ o'cioC in
fhc forenoon of said day ail tile riGht, title,
aud interest Of said Eslida Nafing ~ aud 90 the
following described lands and premises, situat
ca in the village 81 Vale. county 81 81. Clair.
state oi Michigan. tOwiti An undivided one
half Interest iu the following Described lands;
Commencing nj point % fctt south OF point
two rods west from the northeast corner 81 the
northwest quarter 81 Section ~. T. n, range
"a y. thence running west and parallel with the
center line Of North street % an alley ~ said
village; thence south ~ feet, thence east and
parallel with center line OF North street of said
village. thence north - feet 20 the place Of be-
ginning. Also all Of the west half ~ lots three
and four OF Hook ~ OF Bettrs addition TO the
Village OF Brockway Centre. nov Yale, being AL
q said lots , and ese.Es The , sas' 10 iee'
DATED January ", A. ID. iss2 Guardian.
The Yale expositor., 1902-01-24
DRoBATE ORDER.
Staie of Mlchlgan. g.

state OF Michigan, County OF 81. Clair as.
At "A session Of the Probate Court for said
county OF 81 Clair. held at the Probate once. In
the city Of Port Huron. on the 9Th day Of jan
uary In the year one thousand nine hundred and
two.
Present. Hon. Harvey Tappan, Judge Of Pro-
bate.
In thematter Ofthe estate OF Martin Stapleton.
Deceased John NJ. Kane having fled hts petit
ton In this Court praying u 90 adIudlcate and
determine VINO were nj the time OF his death
the lawful heirs Of said deceased and who are
now lawfully entitled 90 inherit the real estate
whereof said died seized.
IL is ordered, that Monday the srd day OF Feb
uIary al 10 30 o'clock In the forenoon, at said
Probate once, be appointed for hearing thereof:
Aud 10 Il further ordered, that copy OF this
order be published three successive weeks pre-
ylous 10 said day Of hearing. In the Yale EN-
pOsitor, a Newspaper printed and circulating In
said county az Sc Clair. -
"a true copy HARVEY TAPPAN.
john NJ. KANE. aI4 Judge OF Probate.
Att'y for Fr. James Stapeton.
The Yale expositor., 1902-01-24
pRoBATE ORDER.

state OF Michigan, County OF 81. Clair IS.
At a session OF the Probate Court for said
county OF ST. Clair, held nc the Probate ONCE,
In the city of Port Huron. on the 9Th day OF Jan
uary ia the year one thousand nine hundred and
two
Present, Hon. Harvey Tappan. Judge OF Pro-
bate.
In the matter of the estate OF Walter Finch,
Deceased. Mary OCOnner having filed her pc
tition in this Court praying Il TO adiudicate and
determine who were no the time Of his death
the lawful heirs of said deceased and who are
now lawfully entitled To- inherit the real estate
whereof said deceased died seized.
10 u ordered. that Monday the ard day Of
February al 1880 % clock ln the forenoon, nc
said Probate once, be appointed for hearing
thereof And Il Is further ordered. that a copy
OF this order be published three successive
weeks previous 20 said day Of hearing. In the
Yale Exposition. n newspaper printed and circu-
latlng la said county Of 81. Clair.
"a true cOpy) "a HARVEY TAPPAN,
JOHN L. BLACK, Attorney. Judge 81 Probate.
The Yale expositor., 1902-01-24
DRoBATE ORDER.

State Of Michigan. County OF 81. Clair SIS
Alta session Of the Probate Court for said
County OF 81 Clair held 40 the Probate Office. In
the city Of Port Huron. on the 18th day OF Jan
uary Ia the year ono thousand nine hundred
aud two.
Present. Hon. Harvey Tappan. Judge OF Pro-
bate
Ia the matter of the estate OF Michael Shechy.
Deceased William Powers administrator Of
said estate, having llcd in this Court hts ilnai
account
n Is ordered. that Monday The 10th day OF
February nc 1880 o'clock in the forenoon. nc
said Probate Onlce, be appointed for hearing
thereof: And u Is further ordered, that n copy
Of this order hc published three successive weeks
previous 10 said DAY II hearing. la the Vale Ex-
pnsltnr u neWsnaVcr printed aud circulating in
HARVEY TAPPAN,
a true cnpy1 gs-i Judge 90 Probate.
The Yale expositor., 1902-01-24
1000 Parlor Matches 5 Cents.
100 PM
Sale Continues Until Jan. 81.

Satisfied The 3 5 se aHee
naxmo unssa
The Yale expositor., 1902-01-24
PURELY PERSONAL.
MOVEMENTS AND poINos OF PEOPLE
YOU MAY HAPPEN TO KNOW.

j. A. Rapley spent Sunday with his
Yale friends.
viii Warren spent Sunday at his
home in Capac.
Mrs. Low has returned from visit to
Port Huron friends.
Wallace Ballentine was i'm Port Hu-
ron Monday on business.
Grant Holden and family spent
Sunday among Brown City friends.
Charley Brown and Lutte Mcdonald,
of Brown City, were Yale visitors Sun
day
Mrs. W. j. Hanna. of Kingston, is
spending the week with Mrs. NJ. j.
Harris.
James Copeland and James Morri-
son, of Capac, spent Sunday with
friends in Yale.
Misses Eva Shut and Anna Parkin-
son, of Capac, spent the past week at
4. n. Parkinson's.
Norman Sponenburg Is spending the
week at Brown City assisting j. +. Hol-
den in the drug store.
Mrs. T.. Mcdonald and sister visited
with l.. G.. Mcdonald and family in
Brown City on Thursday.
Fred i. Currier was Mt Bay City last
week where he purchased an engine
for the Croswell brick yard.
Samuel Carson and daughter Sarah
visited part of last week with Mr.. and
Mrs. MoCleary in North Port Huron.
John Ellsworth and family and Mrs.
Catherine Turner were guests of NJ. III.
Turner and family ut Memphis, last
week.
Jennie Turner returned TO Detroit
after visiting for time with her par
ents, Mr.. and Mrs. Robert Turner, Of
this place.
Mrs. Esther a. milford, of Amagan-
sett, X. l., is the guest of Mr.. and Mrs.
T.. X. BBecher. She expects Co remain
for the winter.
Editor Thos. G.. Graham, Of the Peck
Times, let the light OF his beaming
countenance shine in The ExpositOr
Office or Friday last.
The Yale expositor., 1902-01-24
cHILn WoRIH MIIIIoNa.

"My child Is worth millions to me"
says Mrs. Mary Bird of Harrisburg, Pa.
yet would have lost her by Group had
not purchased bottle OF One Minute
Cough Cure" One Minute Cough Cure
~ sure cure for coughs, Group aud
throat and lung troubles. An abso.
lutely safe cough cure which acts inn
mediately. The youngest child can
take II with entire safety. The little
ones like the taste and remember how
often II helped them. Every family
should haye n bottle of One Minute
Cough Cure handy. At this season es-
peclally II may be needed suddenly.
Grant Holden.
The Yale expositor., 1902-01-24

MEMS GLOVES AND MITTENS.
Mems gloves and mittens..reg 5O...now 30
Mems gloves and mittens-...reg 25...now 81
The Yale expositor., 1902-01-24
SrATE or MICHIGAN

The Circuit Count Tor The County OF 81. IIalr.
In Chancery.
EZRA LUpDINGToS, Complainant.
vs..
LENA LUDpISGToN, Defendant.
suit pending In the Circuit Court for the
County OF -. Clair, In Chanccry. at the City of
Port Huron, In said County, on tho 10Th day OF
January A. ID. 1902.
In this cause Il appcaring that defendant Lena
LuddingtOn Is not a resident Of this state but a
resident OF the state Of Kansas therefore, on
motion Of Drake 4 Rapcy, cOmplainaut's solicit
tors, 10 II ordered, that defendant enter her APP
pearance la said cause on or before four months
nom the date of this order. and that within
twenty days the complainant cause this order
20 be published in the Yale EXpOsitOr, said pub
ncation to be continued once in each week for
six weeks In succession. n. 4. THOMAS,
DRAKE & RAPLEY. Circuit Judge.
Compalnant's Solicitors. Yale. Mich. aQ-7
The Yale expositor., 1902-01-24
John Hutton

We still haye slcds and skates that
are good for the rest of this winter and
all of next.
our spring paints are now arriving,
20 no matter how early you want them
we're ready for you.
IL you hayo not tried muTesco for
your walls do so this spring. II has the
OF all our best local
painters.
The Yale expositor., 1902-01-24
PERE MARQUETTE
1Tov. ara, 1oo1-

TRAINS LEAVE YALE As FOLLOWS:
For Port Huron and north and south 9.iT a. 81.
I :O7 aud o. H. N.
For Saginaw and hay City
9a3 A. ~; 2:27 and I:i5 y. ~.
For Grand Rapids and Detroit via saginaw
9:tJ A. NJ. aud 2:2I 4. ~
For ManlStec, Ludington and Northwest
9;t3 A. n.
II. A. GRISwOLD, III. r. MOELLER,
Agent. General Passenger Agent
The Yale expositor., 1902-01-24
DON'T LIVE TOGETHER.

Constipation and health never go to-
gether. DeWitps Little Early Risers
promote easy action of the bowels with
out distress. III have been troubled
with costiyeness nine years" says j..
o. Greene, Depauw, Ind. 81 have
tried many remedies but Little Early
Risers give best results" Grant Hol-
den.
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1902-09-27

the government generally. Each or
der had leading officer resident in
Madrid, through whom the court OF
Spain could be easily and directly
reached by the order in the Philippines,
without the Intervention Of the civil
or military authorities OF the islands.
The truth is" further says the
same reports, that the whole govern
ment OF Spain in those islands rests
on friars. To use the expression of the
provincial Of the Augustinians, the
friars were the pedestal or foundation
Of the sovereignty Of Spain in the ISL
ands, which being removed, the whole
structure would topple over"
Corporation Power.
Returning to the Hawaiian Islands.
we find that all economical and politi-
cal power is in the hands OF fifty-eight
corporations, mostly sugar plantations,
partly large cattle ranches, which plan
tations and ranches practically are
owned by fourteen companies, these
companies being composed of a score
OF the same individuals in various
combinations. This score of sugar
planters holding controlling interests
in all agricultural ana manufacturing
industries Of the Islands are organic
ed into the Hawaiian Sugar Planters
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1902-09-27
Compares Plantation interests
to Friars Of the Philippines
and Says Hawaiians Are Too
Child=Like to Care for Them
selves.

To the Chairman of the Subcommittee
OF the lnsular Committee, United
States Senate.
Sir:-ln reading the reports of the
Philippine Commission Presidents
Message, 1901. page 25) was struck
by the analogy between the condition
of the Philippine Islands under Span
ish rule, and that of the Hawaiian ISL
ands under the rule Of sugar corpora
tons.
1t is said in those reports that a
parish friar priest in the Philippines
"at first actually and afterwards by
law, came to discharge many civil
functions and to supervise, correct
or veto everything which was done or
thought to be done in the pueblo which
was his parish"
That among other duties he was Gin
spector of primary schools; president
OF the health board and board of chari-
ties; president of the board of urban
taxation; president OF the board OF
public works; president Of the board OF
statistics, president Of the census TAX
ing OF the town, censor Of the munich
pal budgets. president of the prison
board, member of the board OF parti-
tioning crown lands, counsellor for the
municipal council, supervisor of the
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1902-09-27

Association. The object. OF this AS
ISOLATION is to look after the common
interests Of sugar planters, importation
and control of labor, relations to the
continental sugar trust, lobbying in
Congress. control Of local legislation
and administration. 1t needs to make
but one step farther and obtain q
legislative sanction to become a trust
In full, legitimate control Of the coun-
try. similar to the English East Indian
Company before the Indian revolt.
A Score Control.
Intending to make a general review
OF the situation.I can not quote statis-
tical figures and facts, but II need be
| shall not find much difficulty in
corroborating the following state
ments:
/. That nearly all improbable land
Is owned In fee simple. or, remaining
public, is held under long leases by
this score OF individuals.
2. That 1t is the same with all man
ufactures, with the exception OF some
hand trades.
8. That the same score OF men own
and control all the inter-island steam
ship lines and all railroads.
4. That directly or indirectly they
own and control nearly all wholesale
and retail stores in the towns and In
the country, as well as banks, hotels,
taIpnhnnnG IUht
express. stage, and other paying estab-
lishments.
8. That, as ought to be expected,
this same score of individuals, control
the legislative, judiciary Except U. s.
and Circuit Courts-TerritoriaD, and
overshadows the executive department
OF the government.
Character Of Hawaiians.
As a mass the natives are good chill
dren, very sympathetic, possessing
many talents and virtues, and deserv-
ing better future. They are peace
ful, contented, honest, requiring but
little in respect to material comforts
good thought not steady workers, very
capable in mechanical pursuits, but
especially In music and arts. They are
easily Influenced, versatile, imagina-
tive, with but small capacity for abb
stract thinking. Under certain favor
able conditions they are capable OF
modern culture, civilization and self
government, and are not, ,Ske many
Indian tribes, doomed to Disappear
ance. Were they hundred tiih4s as
numerous as they are, their rusIon nth
the great American nation would be a
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1902-09-27
Dwells Extensively on Climate,
Diseases and Ability Of Men
to Work at Various Attitudes
.--Fiis Legislative Bills Ex-
planned.

an area tax, to put an end to the large
holdings Of unimproved land held for
speculation. compelling such holders
to settle the land with actual home
steaders and improve It, or to surren-
der 1t to the Territory. 1t had a fur
Their object-to compel the cattle
ranches to adont system Of cattle
industry more rational and less in
furious to the interests of the country.
2. Senate bill No. 6S. A public
health act. (see Annex No. 81 The
object Of this bill was recognizing the
public health service on modern lines,
creating a real sanitary service in lieu
of a nominal one.
8. Senate bill No. AZ. An act to con-
troll and regulate the manufacture,
transportation and sale of liquors,
opium, ava. and other intoxicants,
within the Territory of Hawaii. (See
Annex No. 81. This bill being prac-
tically the introduction of the dispen-
sary system Of South Carolina in a
modified form corresponding to local
conditions. Its purpose was to reduce
the evil effects Of private traffic in
liquors upon the health OF the natives,
doing away with private profits.
4. House bill No. 65. An act creating
the office OF Transportation Commits
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1902-09-27

Experiment Station.
by himself, the so-called U. S. Expert
ment Station is Of no use whatever. Its
experiments, II any, are carried on in
Honolulu, whose soil and climate not
only are thoroughly known already,
but who have nothing in common with
the varied conditions of soil and eli
mate Of the most important section Of
the Territory. In spite OF relative
dearth of public lands, the high rate
Of interest charged until paid "A per
capital for clearing and improving, in
spite OF expensiveness OF living and Of
labor-after having succeeded in rails
ing any produce In spite Of all these ad-
verse circumstances, he ~ has no ac-
cess to any market except in the i'm
mediate neighborhood, on account OF
exorbitant charges by transportation
companies who are subsidiary to SUI
gar corporations. These Transports
ton companies having made contracts
at very cheap rates (below cost with
Transportation Cost.
sugar corporations, for plantation
freights, make up their losses, and very
good dividends into the bargain, by
charging excessive rates to everybody
not connected with the sugar corpora
lions. As an instance / state that while
sugar companies pay So a ton for
freight from Hilo to Honolulu, we pay
IN, M rc n p,apt onffaa In hooc GO n ton
for the same distance, while the cost
OF ton to San Francisco is but S.
(2) He is unable to compete in the
limited local market with goods i'm
ported by sugar planters and sold In
their retail stores, they having the ad-
vantage Of access to cheap market and
cheap transportation facilities in the
bottoms OF returning sugar ships.
Explains His Bills.
As a member of the last Territorial
Legislature | made an attempt to eff
feet some OF the immediate needed re-
forms. For this purpose the following
bills we're introduced, partly In the
Senate, partly in the House, directly OF
through other members:
l. House bill No. 75. An act pro-
viding a system of taxation for the
Territory OF Hawaii. See Annex No
1. The principal object of the bill was
more Just distribution of the bur,
dens OF taxation among various classe:
Of tax payers, Being practically tht
only beneficiaries in the Territory
holding the country under full con
troll, under the old system of taxation
sugar planters did not and do not pay
one-third of what they ought to. They
try 10 run the country on such re
sources as selling public domain, exor'
bitant registration fees. indirect tax
alton OF the mass of the people by H.
censes. etc. While relieving the home
steader and artisan, this bill increased
the taxes on manufacture of sugar ant
other profitable business. Another OBJ
ject was, through the introduction o