davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Chanute times. [volume] (Chanute, Kan.) 1897-1913, 1902-10-24
Increase of Mechanical Power.


In 1880 the total horse power OF
steam engines in the United States
was about 100000; in 1900 it was
20 900, 900, an increase of 10000 per
cent. The total motive power, ex-
elusive of hydraulic motors, Increased
in the seventy years from 100000 to
SO 100000 horse power. The increase
of population in this interval was 4s3
per cent. In 1880 the horse power per
inhabitant was OBS and or horse pow
er in 1900. Since 1880 the morse
power of locomotives alone has In
creased 1923 per cent, while the popu-
lation increased only 81 per cent. me
total wealth of the country in this
interval has increased prodigiously,
the percentage being 900. In 1880 the
wealth per inhabitant was about $780,
and in 1900 $1,000. 1t must be noted,
however, that the wealth per inhabl-
tant, which increased 100 per cent
from 1850 to 1870, increased but 81
per cent from 1880 to 1900. since
1853 the urban wealth began notably
to exceed the rural wealth. To-day the
former constitutes rs per cent OF the
total. In 1860 wages constituted two
and a half per cent Of the total wealth,
while they make seven per cent to-day.
The average wages of workmen nave
increased from $500 per year in 1860
to S675 to 1900.
The Chanute times. [volume] (Chanute, Kan.) 1897-1913, 1902-10-24
Success of Electric Transit.

Success of Electric Transit.
The electric railway is to perform
service for mankind as notable and
perhaps ultimately as great as that
rendered by its steam operated prede'
cessor, says George H. Gibson in En-
cheering. Already it handles the
bulk of suburban and short distance
interurban passenger traffic; 1t carries
freight, mail, express and baggage; 1t
operates at speeds reaching sixty
miles per hour; its cars are operated
on time schedules and dispatched by
telephone; its roadbed is often as ex-
pensive and heavy of construction as
that of the best steam lines; and,
what is more interesting to the in
weston, it pays large dividends. At the
present time $1,000, 100000 are nomi-
nally invested in electric roads in the
United States, and upon this sum ST.
100000 are paid in yearly dividends;
100000 employees receive yearly in
wages $3.50 100000, and there are TO-
900 miles of track, on which 10000
cars are run. In 1899 ten miles OF
electric road were built for every mile
of steam road constructed. Still, 1t
cannot be said that the electric roads
have achieved their great success in
competition with steam roads. They
have opened a field Of development
which does not compete with, and was
not open to steam. The peculiar ad-
vantages of the electric system of
traction are frequent service, flexibil-
ity, convenient location, clean, light
and airy cars and low fares. OF these,
probably the most important are loca-
ton and the ability to maintain a fire.
quent service with small units. BY
these means electric roads have sue
ceeded where traffic did not previously
exist and could not have been pro-
duced by steam roads.
The Chanute times. [volume] (Chanute, Kan.) 1897-1913, 1902-10-24
Acquired Characteristics.

The question whether characters
tics that have been acquired by an anil
NAL during it's lifetime are or can be
transmitted to it's offspring Is one that
divides two schools Of naturalists,
Weisman maintaining the negative. AS
the controversy is of ancient date and
not yet settled, it's solution cannot be
simple. Have facts like the following
bearing on the question? There was
at one time race of dogs that chased
their prey and did not point at it, as
settlers and other breeds now do. Some
one or more of these dogs took to
pointing at game. The trick was use
full to some man or men, who encour-
aged it. The acquired habit of these
particular dogs has certainly been
transmitted by inheritance to the
pointers and settlers Of to-day. There
is probably some fallacy or some mis-
conception of the question In the fore
going statement, which, on its face,
would seem decisive of the matter at
issue.
The Chanute times. [volume] (Chanute, Kan.) 1897-1913, 1902-10-24
pw.IIsrs In the AMOR Valley.

The condition of the inhabitants Of
the Amoor valley deserves the es-
pecial attention of ethnologists on
account of the contradictions between
the customs which there obtain In
practical, intellectual, social and re-
ligious life. The indigenous people
are fishermen, the hunters are Tun-
guses, the herdsmen are Mongols, and
the villagers are Chinese or Coreans.
The material life-food, clothing,
household goods; the intellectual life
language, writing. literature; the
social life-birth and marriage Gus
toms, education, property relations,
funerals; are all in complete logical
contradiction. There are few parts Of
the world that afford such opportun-
tiles for the study Of the influence OF
the different culture conditions upon
one another.
The Chanute times. [volume] (Chanute, Kan.) 1897-1913, 1902-10-24
Hairs of Animals.

Reading from left to right, the hairs
are of a bat, mouse, sable, and man.
all highly magnified.
The Chanute times. [volume] (Chanute, Kan.) 1897-1913, 1902-10-24
Nav Method Of Steering,

An English engineers plan for
steering twin-screw steamers consists
of a special throttle valve attached
to each set Of engines. the valves be-
ing connected to a tiller by bell
cranks and link work. When the
tiIIer is moved either way from its
central position one throttle valve
reduces the steam Of its set Of en-
sines. diminishing the speed of its
screw to a degree varying with that
Of the turning OF the tiller.
The Chanute times. [volume] (Chanute, Kan.) 1897-1913, 1902-10-24

tural Department, where 1t was de-
sired to contrive some apparatus
whereby 1t could be speedily ascer-
tanned whether OF not a particular
plant would probably prove adapted
to growing under arid land conditions.
without going through the long process
Of actual field trials. The question
was to devise something that would
quickly measure the amount Of evapo-
ration of any given plant The prob
lem was solved by L. c. Corbett, horti-
culturist Of the department The ap-
paratus used is simple. II consists Of
two cylindrical cans. one inside the
other. with a water jacket between.
to keep the temperature uniform. The
The Chanute times. [volume] (Chanute, Kan.) 1897-1913, 1902-10-24
To Test Value of Plants.

Few people know how many ingeni-
Gus devices are continually being In
vented to meet the especial needs Of
workers in all fields-devices that are
seldom used outside the places where
they are contrived, despite their avail
ability for extended use. Among the
most prolific in these things are the
scientific laboratories of the govern
ment in Washington, says Crittenden
Marriott, in Popular Science News.
An instance has just occurred in the
horticultural section of the Agricul-
The Chanute times. [volume] (Chanute, Kan.) 1897-1913, 1902-10-24

Isn't It funny to read what old maids
write about the care Of babies.
The Wisconsin tobacco reporter. (Edgerton, Wis.) 1877-1950, 1902-07-18
NEW YORK, July 9, 1902.

This has been another week entirely
devoid of any transactions of Importance.
The holidays consequent on the Fourth
contributed materially towards the re-
duction of business indeed it would
have been remarkable if any activity had
prevailed The midsummer dullness is
here in earnest and not much in the way
of lively trading can be expected for a
month or two. The small manufactur-
ers and retail leaf dealers are steadily
coming into the market, however, and by
their purchases little life is kept up.
Sumatra.-There has been no notice
able change in this branch during the
past week. While manufacturers as a
rule are not overstocked they seem to
have good supply on hand, and are not
worrying about the future. One sale of
30 bales is reported, "to be shipped after
January J, 1908"
Havana. The Havana market contin-
ues quiet and suffered, with other
branches of trade, from holiday inter-
ruption. Sales are small, but prices re-
main firm.-Leaf.
The Wisconsin tobacco reporter. (Edgerton, Wis.) 1877-1950, 1902-07-18
WISCONSIN TOBACCO MARKET,
EDGERToN, Wis, July Is, 1902,

A-1IiAAN1O~Ns w AS', - uI y lCs 1OO-s
A midsummer dullness prevades the
local tobacco markets and little has oc-
Cured of a news nature deserving of
mention in this column. The new crop
is coming forward in most satisfactory
way, with all conditions favorable to a
phenomenal growth. Growers are get
ing ahead with the cultivation, cleaning
out the weedy fields, and giving the
crop healthy and attractive appear
ance.
Only an occasional transaction in cur
ed leaf comes to notice. Fremont Page
sold ICES and Fed Leitz 14cs at 8&2c to
local dealer.
Dealers in old leaf report a remarkably
dull market with no transactions of i'm
portance coming to notice, condition
that prevails in eastern markets as well.
The shipments out of storage have
lapsed into moderate figures and do not
exceed 2OOcs for the week past to all
points from this market Since last re-
port 960cs of cigar leaf were exported
from New York.
The Wisconsin tobacco reporter. (Edgerton, Wis.) 1877-1950, 1902-07-18
j b. Dukes New Stable.

The new stable of James B. Duke,
built on his farm near Somerville, n. j..
says the Newark News, is gem of archi-
lecture. The walls are of natural stone;
there is high tower containing clock
with a cathedral chime, and the roof
and windows have been planned with an
eye to artistic effects. The interior is
still more attractive than the exterior
Entering the main court, the visitor is
at once impressed with the scrupulous
cleanliness, as we'll as the beauty and
proportions of the buildings. The floor
of the court and the stables where the
horses stand is covered with carpet. The
lofty timbered ceiling and polished wood
panels the clusters of electric lights, the
beautiful frieze of mural paintings, the
polished hardwood floors and white en-
ameled tile dado all add to the beauty
of the structure.
Then the handsome glass cabinets ex
tending across two sides, filled with an
endless variety of gold and silver plated
examples OF the harnessmakers art, the
many rich carriage robes in variety of
expensive furs indicate in modest way
the good taste OF their owner.
The mural decorations have only re-
Gently been completed, and they at once
attract the eye of the visitor, because of
their excellence. There are four large
panels 8x26 feet in size, and each typi-
fies in rich color effects the four CONT
nents of the earth.
The carriage-room in the rear of the
entrance hall contains hanson, victorias,
landaus, broughams and coaches. At one
end of the building are the offices of the
manager of the place, and Mr.. Dukes
private Office.
Mr.. Dukes place promises in time to
surpass all others in New Jersey in re-
gard to its landscape effect. And this,
apparently, is the aim of the Tobacco
king"
The Wisconsin tobacco reporter. (Edgerton, Wis.) 1877-1950, 1902-07-18

Holiday had something to do with this,
but perhaps still more may be attributed
to the midsummer dullness, which is
generally expected around this time. At
all events, there was little doing. The
only sale brought to our notice during
the week was one of 100cs, made by Mr..
Jacob Mayer, of this city. For the cor
responding week of last year the sales
were 1SS5cs.
A month or so ago we were all crying
out for rain, the ground being dry and
parched and all vegetation suffering for
lack of moisture. To-day we have more
rain than we can we'll use, and we would
be quite willing to cry enough" if it
would do any good. More than two
inches of rain fell during the week, one
and a-quarter of which came down on
Sunday. 1t was very heavy, dashing
rain, and no doubt did damage by wash
ing hilly fields and covering some tobac-
co with dirt. We have had several very
hot days, and the heat and rain have set
the tobacco plants to humping them
selves. There was some small hail in a
rain storm that fell on this city on Sat-
urday, but there was not much of it. If
it reached the country to any extent we
have not heard of it. 1t was too small
to do much hurt.
The Wisconsin tobacco reporter. (Edgerton, Wis.) 1877-1950, 1902-07-18
Patents Granted.

Patents granted to citizens of Wiscon
sin, reported by O. E. Duffy, solicitor of
patents, 707 6. ST. N. W., Washington,
d. c.:
VIM. J. Austin, Milwaukee, railway
rail joint; VIM. j. Bell. Baraboo, com
bined switch and lightning arrester;
Frank A. Chervenka, Milwaukee, watch
protector; Edward NJ Gleason. Neenah
stove damper; Gus. j. Luck, Milwaukee,
measuring instrument; Andrew p. Pet
erson, Racine, crayon sharpener; Edwin
Reynolds, Milwaukee, controlling mech
anism for steam engine regulators; Ed
mund Roenius, Grand Rapids, comput
ing machine; Jacob Straub, Campbells-
port, loading apparatus; VIM. Wenzel,
Appleton, apparatus for making sulphu
rous acid; A. Spiegel, Milwaukee, "Meat
a" label for liquid food or tonic.
The Wisconsin tobacco reporter. (Edgerton, Wis.) 1877-1950, 1902-07-18
Connecticut Valley Tobacco Market.

There have been few sales within
the last few weeks at moderate prices.
Such as have been given out range from
II to 20 cents through, according to
quality. Some OF these 500 cases sold
were of lots held on commission, as par
ties were anxious to realize on their
crops without waiting for the sweat.
There is but small quantity held in
any of the towns. Hatfield probably has
the largest amount. North Hadley has
two crops, Whately has three lots. S. B.
Crafts has 80 cases, w. w. Sanderson
has about 300 cases and FL. S. Allis some
s cases. Conway two lots, j. B. Pack
ard some cases and I'll. Il. Newhall the
same At Hinsdale, N. H., there are four
fine lots, so it is plain to see that only
very small quantity is in the hands of
the farmers. The fields show an excel
lent stand, and tobacco is growing faster
than would seem possible on account of
the cool weather,
Our correspondents write as follows:
Hatfield, July 5: "The shade-grown to-
bacco is growing fast, much of it is head
ing out. Not much of the open will be
ready for topping before the 10th of this
month A few plots will be ready the
LTSt Oh LUe week. IuO crop IS growing
rapidly. No sales to report. The SUIT
ters are sampling their 1901 lot at their
warehouse here" Vernon, Vt July q:
The tobacco crop in this town is all set,
and most of it has been hoed, some of it
the second time. Cut worms are not
plenty 1t has been the best season |
have ever known for transplanting to-
bacco. 1t grows rather slowly on ac
count of the unusual cool weather. The
acreage is not as large as usual" South
ampton, July Z: Tobacco has grown
more rapidly than it seems possible on
account of the unusual cool weather.
The stand was Lever better, missing,
plants are hard to find Less cut worms
than usual. A few warm days and nights
will show a great change" Amherst:
"The early planting shows up we'll. Top
ping will begin from the 18th to the 21st,
and fine crop is promised. Plants are
beginning to spindle and are growing
rapidly. Very little old tobacco is left" J"
-CultivatOr.
The Wisconsin tobacco reporter. (Edgerton, Wis.) 1877-1950, 1902-07-18

OF the 5,739,6 farms IN the United
States 3O8,3l7 or 5.4 per cent reported
the cultivation of tobacco in 1899. These
farms cultivated an average area of SO
acres of tobacco, producing 7S8 pounds
per acre, valued at Z cents per pound,
S5l.74 per acre, and S185 per farm. To-
bacco brought to it's growers an income
per acre of more than five times that de-
rived from all other crops, which was
S1004, and over six times that of cereals,
which was S8.O2. It yielded nearly two
and one-half times the average income
derived from rice, and considerable more
than that reported for vegetables, which
was $42.O9. There were great differences
in the reported average values of tobacco
per pound and per acre, and in the yields
per acre. No crop presents in it's stats
tics by states and territories and by
counties so many variations and sharp
contrasts, and none varies so much in it's
market prices, the price of tobacco at
the present time ranging from 2 or 3
cents to So a pound.
The Wisconsin tobacco reporter. (Edgerton, Wis.) 1877-1950, 1902-07-18
BaldwinsvilIe, N. Y.

The market continues quiet with few
sales reported. John Baer of Lancaster
has been in. town for few days and has
been riding with local buyer and is re-
ported to have picked up about 100cs of
1901. A few small shipments have been
made from the warehouses and small
lot of cased goods was taken in at one of
the large warehouses Tuesday, but has
not yet been sampled. The weather con-
tinues upfavorable for the crops that
have been set, and there are quite a
number of growers who have not yet fin
ished transplanting Gazette.
The Wisconsin tobacco reporter. (Edgerton, Wis.) 1877-1950, 1902-07-18
New York.
NEW YORK. July II, 1902.

The crop reports from all cigar leaf
growing fields are most discouraging
with one exception. The unseasonably
cold weather combined with the torrents
of rain have done irreparable injury to
the growing leaf, which on many fields
has been swept away by the floods and
had to be set out again. The Onondaga
and Pennsylvania tobacco fields have
suffered terribly by incessent downpours
and the New England crops seem to
have shared the same fate. Even tobac-
CO raised under tents was not wholly ex-
empt from the disaster. Hence short
age of domestic leaf of the coming crop
is in view, and what the quality will be
will depend on the steadiness of the
weather to mend it. Wisconsin alone
seems to have escaped the ruinous dis
turbances. This is the more gratifying
on account of the lack of binder stock,
which is pinching the manufacturers
just now more than anything else. Be
tween this pinch and the high figure the
limited binder stock in the market com
mands, he is indeed in tight position.
But even if the growing Wisconsin comes
out unscathed it will not be available at
least for another year. And as for last
years growth, the fears entertained for
it the u. S. Tobacco Journal hopes may
not be realized, as there would then be a
genuine famine Of binder stock in the
country. But in spite of this distressing
prospect of the new crops the market
does not boom up. 1t drags along in the
threadbare paths of routine business,
and that is ALL
Trading in Sumatra is mostly on the
bale order. The falling off of the tobac-
co offered at the inscriptions is likely to
make it's effect felt later in the season.
The Havana market, however, remains
strong and active. The exceptional quail
ity and cleanness of last years Remedies
seem to have impressed themselves at
last on the manufacturer and he is COM
mencing to invest in them for future
needs, particularly as the price for Rem
edios had reached again its normal level.
Journal
The Wisconsin tobacco reporter. (Edgerton, Wis.) 1877-1950, 1902-07-18
M1AMIsBURG, O., July IL, 1902.

The interest and activity of buyers is
commensurate with the amount and
character of the crops yet remaining in
farmers hands, light deliveries of old
and new crops being occasionally in evi-
dence.
The excessive rainfall of several weeks
ago has subsidized, delightful weather for
cultivation now prevails, and the pro-
gress being made by the growing crop is
such as to gladden. the hearts OF plant
ers.-News.
The Wisconsin tobacco reporter. (Edgerton, Wis.) 1877-1950, 1902-07-18
TIE
Wisconsin Tobacco Reporter,
Edgcrton, Wisconsin.
NOTE BOOK SKETCHES.

The new tobacco crop continues to
make an amazing growth under almost
ideal weather conditions that prevail.
Tie early set fields have reached size
that will not permit of further cultiva-
tion and topping will soon be in order.
The crop has now advanced to such a
stage as to be subject to the ever present
dangers of hail and other violent storms.
The season so far has been free from
such storms, but July and August are
the months when these are most fre-
quent and the crop at this time subject
to the greatest injury. 1t can hardly be
expected that the tobacco area spread
over several counties will entirely escape
some damage from hail. The history of
other years is that close to 25 per cent of
the crop will be more or less injured by
hail before it reaches harvest. The to-
bacco grower discounts these chances
every season when he decides upon the
acreage to be devoted to the crop. If by
chance he entirely escapes hail it is con-
sidered his.good fortune, but his chances
aresIittle better than to that he does.
The Wisconsin tobacco reporter. (Edgerton, Wis.) 1877-1950, 1902-07-18
That special arrangement

That special arrangement we have
made with The Chicago Weekly Inter
Ocean-S175 for both it and this paper
for one year-has caught on big.
All those knowing themselves in
debted to me will please call and settle
their accounts at once.
p. M. ELLINGsoE.
The Wisconsin tobacco reporter. (Edgerton, Wis.) 1877-1950, 1902-07-18

A correspondent of the N. E. Home
growing crop in Florida:
There are about 1000 acres of tobacco
grown under shade, part Of which is COW
cred with cloth and part with Stats and
about the same amount grown on the
outside for filters. That grown under
shade practically represents all the Su-
matra, that on the outside practically all
of the Havana. The stand is very good
and prospect for good yield is fine.
The farmers that grow this tobacco are
the best farmers and most scientific men
in the business that | have ever seen.
They are up-to-date in every respect in
the cultivation, baling and manipulation
of tobacco. New methods of growing to-
bacco all seem to be an experiment from
beginning to end. What entirely fills the
bill one year doesn't the next, therefore
a sprightly, up-to- date man caters to the
''whims' of the trade. We are not grow
ing exactly the same kind of tobacco,
nor have we the same methods of two or
three years ago. There are some of the
finest irrigating plants operated and the
finest facilities for the irrigation of to-
bacco in this section known to the agri-
cultural world. We have three or four
systems of irrigation, one under ground,
one carried through troughs and dis
tributed over the surface, another of
sprays, and the fourth overhead, dis
tributed from hydrants. The latter irri-
gates from 20 to 40 acres per day. Plants
are of various strength and capacities.
from the irrigation of one acre to that of
four or five acres per hour.
The Wisconsin tobacco reporter. (Edgerton, Wis.) 1877-1950, 1902-07-18
Lancaster.

LANCA CAsTER NEW ERA. July 8, 1902.
The activity of several weeks ago has
given away to q period Of dullness. No
doubt the recurrence Of the National
The Wisconsin tobacco reporter. (Edgerton, Wis.) 1877-1950, 1902-07-18

Every department of the tobacco in
dustry, from the raw leaf to the differ
ent manufactured products, has shown a
steady and rapid increase during the
last quarter of century, which is no
doubt disheartening to those who are
striving to do away with the use of to-
bocco in all it's forms. There are those
who believe it as much an evil as the
drink habit itself, and are quite as de-
termined in their opposition to it. From
the figures we have quoted it Will be seen
they have tough proposition ahead of
them. Tobacco is great revenue pro-
ducer. France, Spain, Italy, Great Brit
ain and the United States each draws
more than $5O00O0O0 annually from this
source. 1t is not likely that some of
these nations will ever give over this
source of revenue. They could not if
they would.