davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1902-02-11
DEwBERRIEs AS A MONEY CROP.

The Laurinburg Exchange pub
fishes the following communication
The writer, whose home is in Gamer.
on, N. c., seems to have been very
successful in dewberry raising and
his views are worth reading:
Ifyou will allow me space in your
valuable paper, l will endeavor to
tell your farmers something of the
Lucretia dewberry as a money crop.
l know that, as a rule, your farmers
depend mostly upon cotton for their
money, and as cotton is so variable
in price Gotten sold for less than cost
of production) it is a necessity that
such as are suitably located, that is
in two or three miles of railroad,
grow some other crop that they may
feel reasonably sure of getting some
money out of. FOR such a crop
would advise the dewberry. They
grow we'll in such soil as you have !;
they are a sure crop, not bothered
by pests of any kind; they are also
an early berry, commencing TO ripen
about June 1st and ends about July
1st. They sell readily for about *
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1902-02-11
SILK CULTURE IN NORTH CAROLINA

Correspondence ofThe Progressive Farmer.
The recent publication in the Bul
letin of an article on silk culture in
North Carolina has already borne
fruit. Several requests have been
received from persons at a distance
for copies of the bulletin, one coming
from the State of Michigan, and one
from a company in New York which
possesses ample capital and which
purposes to estab silk farms and
silk mills in some of the Southern
States, where suitable land can be
had at a reasonable price, and where
convenient power may be availab BILE
when needed. If North Carolina
oan secure the location of this COM
pany it means the opening of a new
and very important industry for the
State.
Letters received at the Department
of Agriculture from this company
declare the purpose of the president
and others to visit North Carolina,
and perhaps other Southern States,
at an early date, for the purpose of
examining lands and mill sites, for
observing climatic conditions, ,adapta-
bility Of the land for growing mul
berry trees, and to secure such
other information as they may de-
sire with reference to establishing
their business.
1t is desirable to have descriptions
of lands which are for sale, and upon
which the Chinese mulberry thrives.
The owners of such lands are re-
quested to file with the Department
descriptions, including she present
condition of land and buildings, dis
tance from railroad, accessibi bility to
water power, how much cleared and
uncleared land, whether any Chinese
or white mulberry trees are now
growing upon the land, price, etc.
In this connection the Department.
desires to secure the names OF per
sons in the State who have had per
sonal experience in growing silk
worms, and who might desire TO pro-
duce raw silk for the new company.
Please send descriptions of proper
ties for sale and names of silk grow
ers to the undersigned, care of the
of Agriculture, Raleigh,
n. @. GERALD MCCARTHY,
Botanist and Biologist. |
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1902-02-11

With short season, quick growing
crops, quiokness of action is an i'm
portant consideration, but with crops
occupying the land during the greater
portion or all of the growing season,
as is the case with cotton and corn,
it is better to have q fertilizer that
will become available more slowly so
as TO feed the plant until maturity.
Cotton seed meal decays fairly rap
idly and will last for considerable
length of time, and it is not nearly
so available as sulphate of ammonia
and nitrate of soda
Statements similar to the above,
regarding the value and action of
the various fertilizer materials fur
nishing ammonia, phosphoric acid and
potash in fertilizers, have been pre-
pared and published in the January
Q9OO) Bulletin of the Department.
This Bulletin will be furnished to
all farmers who apply for it.
B. W. KILGoRE, State Chemist.
Wake Co., N. G.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1902-02-11
BURKE COUNTY FARM NOTES.

Correspondence OF The Progressive Farmer.
Enclosed find 50, for which give
me credit on my subscription. II
would be hard for me to be without
THE PROGRESSIVE FARMER now as
have been a subscriber for 13 years
You have 50 many good farm
writer's.
The discussion of terracing was
good, and I will make trial of il
soon. Shall try both level and fall
ing plans. Level terraoing I believe
will do on slightly declined land, but
steep land should have some fall.
We have had very bad winter
this year, hence, there is but very
little farm work done, notably plow
ing. Wheat is making very little
show for the next crop. There is
complaint among some that the roots
of late sowed wheat are dead, caused
by the repeated freezing of the soil.
Corn and wheat are getting high
in price. Corn is 81 per bushel and
scarce; in fact, every thing is high.
The lumber men are busy taking
down our beautiful forest timber
The Southern Railroad is doing
work strengthening and leveling it's
track about Morganton. These de-
mands for labor, with the State in
stitutions added, make farm hands
hard to get, and very high wages
are wanted.
The farmers are generally in good
shape with good prices for their sur
plus, but that is smaller than usual
for our Burke farmers, shortage be-
ing caused by the rains and freshets
of last year. The industrious aborer
can get work when wanted while we
have a class that seems to want
nothing but strong drink and loafng.
r. @. WHITENER,
Burke CO., N. G.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1902-02-11
No. So

to 1S cents per quart. They are .
good shipper when shipped in re-
fr1gerator cars they will reach as far
north as Boston in good condition. /
know this by actual experience, hav-
ing shipped two cars there last June.
and received an average of 1OK
to II cents per quart for same. We
can ship by express as far as Nor.
folk, Richmond, Washington and
Philadelphia and fruit will arrive in
good condition if properly handled
by express company. My crop net
me one hundred and thirty one dol
lars per acre last year and was grown
on land that would possibly have
made twenty bushels of corn per
acre. would not advise any one to
go into it recklessly, but plant say
five acres of good, we'll drained land
and apply about six hundred pounds
of high grade fertilizer per acre, and
they ought to reasonably expect not
less than one hundred crates of nice
marketable fruit per acre, 80 quarts
per crate.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1902-02-11
Horticulture.
EARLY GRATING.
Correspondence of The Progressive Farmer.

Correspondence OF The Progressive Farmer.
Many an apparently worthless
fruit tree can be converted into q
profitable and satisfactory bearer by
grating some kind on it, and if the
work is done properly and early
enough the old stock will prove to
be valuable possession. There are
many orchards where grating
should be followed regularly every
season. After every one has planted
q tree and it has reached maturity
without giving satisF action, it is the
height of folly to let it continue an
other season. Do not out it down,
but simply graft some new kind of
fruit on it that will pay. Time and
again one is led to plant new varie
ties of fruit trees on the recommen
datiOns of friends or agricultural
journals, and then for one reason or
another disappointment follows. The
trees do not thrive we'll in the soil
or climate, the fruit is not market
able or insect enemies attack i6every
year so as to destroy it's fruit. The
only way to handle suoh a problem
is to out off it's leading shoots and
graft some old standard variety on
it. When read of disgusted farm
ers cutting down their fruit trees be-
cause they have been disappointed
in their bearing, I am constrained TO
believe they must be amateurs at
the business. Why, the full grown
stock in any orchard is worth half
the battle. We spend ten, fifteen
and twenty years in bringing this
stock to a size which will make it
bear we'll, and then some body outs
it down through ignorance.
In grating we have an art that
makes fruit growing a steady and
reliable industry. We need to study
it more, to practice it. more, and
make it q work whose results we can
foretell. Take the old wild apple
stock along the field hedges. Graft
some good marketable variety to it,
and in few years we convert a dead
loss into a profit of several dollars
year. The cost is mere nothing. In
grating, however, it should be made
certain that the sciOns have come
from trees, and that they are what
they should be. Nurserymen now
graft indoors in winter and they
prepare gratis ready for the farmers
immediate use. These gratis are
prepared and kept in bundles in
sand in a cool cellar until spring,
and then they are put out as soon as
spring weather permits. But there
is no reason why every farmer
should not obtain his own gratis
direct from his own trees, or from
some neighbor's orchard. A simple
method of exchange of CRAFTS in this
way would be of mutual benefit. Let
each one give to the other soions from |
their best trees, and in this way the |
experince of one will be of help to |
another. Grating is really one of |
the oldest and simplest ways of in.
creasing trees, and of producing an
of excellent fruit on
short notice. The time to graft out
doors is in the spring, and just as
the buds are about to burst and the
sap to flow upward.
S. W. CHAMBERS.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1902-02-11
NEW METHOD OF TREATING COTTON
SEED.

The latest invention is one treat
ing cotton seed, used in the oil mills,
which promises to revolutionize that
industry, concerning which we clip
the following from the Augusta
Chronicle:
''By the process now employed it
is stated that the cotton seed pass
through six mechanical processes ;
Q) a machine for cleaning seed of
sand (2) machine for removing bolls,
pieces of wood, eto. 90 magnetic
machine for removing iron, nails,
eto. +; a. a delinting machine; (5)
hulling machine /; (6) reel for separat-
ing mats from the hulls.
"Instead of these six machines the
new process simply dumps the seeds,
just as they come from the gin, into
a vat containing chem Gals, and in
twenty minutes it is claimed the hull
will pop open and the denuded ker
nels fall TO the bottom of the vat
while the hulls float on the top of
the solution. If the kernels are TO
be shipped distance TO an oil mill
they are dried first, but if this first
process is at the oil mill then the
kernels are passed Immediately from
the vat to the crushing rolls and it
is claimed there is a saving of so per
cent. in the cost OF producing crude
oil. The refining process is no more
expensive, and it is claimed that the
finest olive oil on the market can be
from the product.
Another great saving is in the
shipment of the denuded seed to cot,
ton oil mills. The weight is reduced
one half and the bulk two thirds
The hulls that rise to the top of the
vat are in shape for paper stock and
worth from $50 to $40 per ton, show
ing a gain of from 50 to $18 over
present practices of treating cotton
seed TO the point of cooking the meal
for extracting the oil.
"This process for which applica-
tion of patent has been made is said
TO be in successful operation in
City, and can be worked
at any ginnery, saving the large
amount already mentioned to the
owner of the seed. The saving un-
der this PROCESS will permit the pay
nent of several dollars a ton more
10 the farmers for cotton seed and it
s claimed by the owners of the new
process that it means revolution
n the business and millions of dol
ars TO the cotton farmers of the
south. 1t is proposed TO organize
and work it independent of the trust
and Standard Oil Company and give
5he farmers a chance to enjoy the
profits.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1902-02-11
Guilford Co., N. c,
GROWING IRISH POTATOES FOR NAE
KIT.

This is crop that can be grown
over the country generally, It is
grown early in the South and will
bring fancy prices if it is marketed
early; but If late it is hardly worth
harvesting. If grown in the fall it
always brings good price. In the
North the crop sells cheap but they
make a large yield.
The crop grows better. on a rich
loamy soil that is we'll drained and
plOwed deep. If stable manure ig
used it should be very thoroughly
rotted and not put in contact with
the potatoes.
The manure causes black spots
and q scebby skin. The potatoes
grown with fresh manure are OF
good size but the quality is decidedly
poor. It is better to grow them on
land that was we'll manured the year
before, or else use good grade of
fertiliSer with them.
For the best results for money in
vested, plant on clover SOD and fer
tilize with phosphoric acid and
potash.
If ordinary land is used, then
apply a we'll balanced, complete fer
titiEer, say one which contains about
3 per cent. nitrogen, 2 per cent. pot
ash and per cent. phosphoric acid.
The potato crop is one that grows
quickly, and whatever is done must
be done in a hurry. Fertilizer must
act readily and any work needed
must be given promptly.
Land should be plowed deep In fall
or winter. Open a deep furrow, say
six inches. Put in the fertilizer at
the rate of four or five hundred
pounds per acre in this furrow. Run
q small plow in this furrow so that
the fertilizer will not burn the Do
tstO. It is better TO bed or ridge the,
land some time before planting, and.
rOOvTTwuuD or D.oo
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1902-02-11
per crate.
GROWING LIMA BEANS AND CARROTS

Correspondence OF The Progressive Farmer.
The Lima bean has become quite
popular, and much in demand on our
mar ket.
We grow the white dwarf, small
bean that shells out about eight
quarts TO the bushel in hull. We
have tried the large dwarf or bush
bean; they make poor crop here,
but the small yield bountifully.
Price opened last season at 121 cents
per quart and then stood at 10 cents
throughout the season till frost. The
pole or running Lima is late in bear.
ing and not 80 hardy as the small
bush or dwarf kinds. They are
somewhat tedious to shell while
green, but when ripe and dry hull
more readily. They will yield over
a thousand quarts per acre and are q
good table bean the year round.
The carrot is slightly in demand
winter and summer. These two
articles are easily grown and both
grow we'll on rich light land. It IL
often with manuring that farmers
trouble comes; they put on enough
to start the plant and then it fails
for want of food later on. The best
plan where the land is poor and re-
quires much manure, is to put on
top and then work in from the top
later on, as the carrot and bean are,
late growers and require much food.
r. r. MOORE.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1902-02-11

We are informed that at the next
term Of our Superior Court the
judge presiding will be asked to
charge the grand jury in regard to
oultiVating crops in fields not having
a lawful fence. Such charge would
be of much interest to many farmers
in the Rich Square section, and as
many as can we'll do so would be
present and hear what the judge
may have TO say on the subject
Roanoke ChoWap Times.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1902-02-11

Roanoke-Chowan Times: The cot
ton acreage, in all probability, will
be greatly reduced in the Rioh Square
section this year. Scarcity of labor
is the chief cause for this The high
price of food products will also cause
a reduction in cotton acreage.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1902-02-11

Farmers say laborers are asking
more for work than usual and they
are therefore slower to make arrange
ments. Very little work has been
done on the farms for this years
crop.-Scotland Neck Cor. Post.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1902-02-11

Much more tobacco will be planted
in Wake county than in many years
past. Not q few farmers are thor
oughly sick and tired of cotton, as
we'll they may be.-F. A. Olds.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1902-02-11

LCONTIEUEp on PAGE 8 !
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1902-02-11

FOR COTTON:
Acid phosphate. te..............9 900 lbs
Cotton seed meal. l...........8O 800
2,OCo "
This mixture will contain avail
able phosphorio acid 2 8 per cent
potash 2.5 per cent ammonia
per cent. The usual application for
cotton is 400 pounds per acre in the
drill, just before planting. Some
use less Quantity and q consider
able number of farmers use 500 to
500 pounds per acre with good re-
suits
SEE THE JANUARY BULLETIN.
The January Bulletin of the De-
partment, which will be ready for
distribution in few days, contains
q number of other formulas using
different materials for making home
mixtures for cotton and corn. The
bulletin referred TO contains report
of our ex cerimental work with fer.
tilizers for the year 1901 and the
formulas given have been made up
after considering the results of our
own and all other available and re-
liable experimental data relating TO
these crops. The Bulletin also con
tsins several formulas for making
Composts with different materials, as
we'll as the methods for putting
down, mixing, and caring for the
compost
ABOUT COTTON SEED MEAL
As cotton seed meal is one of the
most valuable and largely used ma
terials in the s ate, as we'll as in the
South, for furnishing nitrogen Cor
ammonis) in fertilizers, it may be of
interest TO make a brief statement
concerning this material at this
time:
Good cotton seed meal contains
about per cent. of nitroRe en- or 14O
pounds IN a ton. Expressed in terms
OF ann MIA, there is in meal about
$50 par cent, about 10 pounds of
ammonia in a ton. This season cot
Ton seed meal is not so good as it was
last year and the average per cent
age of ammonia will not be far from |
per cent. There is also in meal |
about 3 per cent. of phosphorio acid,
OF which about 2H per cent. is avail |
a0le 70 laboratory fertilizer methods,
and about per cent. of potash, ~ |
per cent. of which is soluble in
water.
TINE REQUIRED IN DECOMPosING.
Before cDttOn seed meal or any |
other organic materials can feed
Plants they must first rot or decom-
pose in the soil. By this process the
nitrogen in them is changed TO
nltrates similar 80 nitrate of soda,
and lt il in this form that the greater
portion, if not all, of the nitrogen in
the soil and in fertilizers enter plants
ana feed them. Cotton seed meal,
'nen, as we'll as other organic mate
'taIs furnishing nitrogen, are valu-
aole as fertilizers in proportion to
'uelr content of nitrogen and the
Ispidity with which they decay in
'ue soil, or rather the rate of decay
VIII determine the quickness of the
action of the Osrtio-1o- ,.oAa-;a1
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1902-02-11
Agriculture.
FERTILIZERS FOR COTTON AND CORN;
FERTILIZING VALUE OF COT
TON sERD MRAL.

Correspondence of The Progressive Farmer.
In reply TO the inquiry of Pro
GREssIvE FARMER reader regarding
the mixing of acid phosphate, kainit,
and cotton seed meal, suggest the
following formulas as ones that have
given and will give good results on
cotton and corn.
FOR CORN:
Acid phosphate 14% %....... S75 lbs
Cotton seed meal. l.............95 $50 "
hainlt.. 10 -
1000 lb.
These materials should be put
down in alternate layers on clean
door or in a box made for the pur-
pose and thoroughly mixed with hoes
and shovel. The Jumps should, of
course, be we'll broken and it would
be we'll to put the material through
an ordinary sand screen after mix
ing. The above mix sure for corn
will contain: available phosphOrio
acid z 3 per cent potash 1S per
cent. ammonia per cent. $50 80
800 pounds per acre in the drill, just
before planting, will give good re-
suits on corn.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-05-15
A NERvY PREACHER.
Flags Fast Burlington Train at cIeve-
land to Get Ride.

- q 3
Saturday night, as Burlington pas
senger train No. 2, one of the fastest
east bound trains on the road, was
coming into Cleveland, little mining
settlement west Of Charlton, the en-
gineer was surprised to see lantern
swung across the track as a signal to
stop. Cleveland is not even flag sta
ton for No. 2 and the meaning of the
new signal was not known. The mem
bers of the crew got their revolyers
ready as best they could, while the &C.
cupants of the coaches We're being
piled in heaps by the, sudden stopping
of the train, and as the trainmen clam
bered to the ground expecting to see
train robbers with guns as long as
fishing poles, meek looking minister
of the gospel calmly blew out the Ian
tern, picked up his bible, looked again
to see if his half-fare ticket was still
in his pocket, and calling a reassuring
''All right" to the conductor, stepped
on the train.
Nobody said word all the way into
Charlton Everyone was SO surprised
at the nerve of the. act that nobody
remembered to ask the name Of the
preacher, who sat down calmly, open
ed his Bible and began studying the
scripture for his sermon which he was
to deliver on the morrow al some
nearby towns, thanks to his success in
boarding No. 2. He acted as if he
didn't know, and he probably didn't
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-05-15

actly right He counts the grains of
powder and also the shot in each shell.
He has been known to cut one layer of
leather off the heal of his shoe be-
cause it pitched him little too far for
ward. He is the patentee of the Pow
ers' cleaning rod, which is very popu-
lar with all trap shooters. Mr.. Pow
ers can be depended upon for as many
straight scores as any man in the
game. He never misses target or a
pigeon on account of not holding right,
but if he does miss it it is simply be-
cause he was interrupted while he was
counting out the number of shot for
his shells and got one too many or
lacked one. He was also a member
of the American team.
Herman Hirschy.
Mr.. Hirschy has not yet arrived in
the city, but will probably be here to-
night. He is a winner OF this years
Grand American handicap. He has
been a professional shooter for sever
al years past and is a well known fig
ure at most of the big shoots. His
home is at Minneapolis, MINI.
L. T. Crisman.
Ottumwa best known trap shot is l..
T. Crisman. Mr. Crisman has been a
prominent figure at most of the big
shoots in this. part of the country for
several years. He is a good reliable
shot and can be counted upon to make
a good score at either targets or live
birds every day in the year. He is a
good man in the miss-and-out or in
shooting off for tie. 1t is due to his
efforts that the state shoot is held. in
Ottumwa this year. He is a tireless
worker for the success OF the sport
and has worked necessarily for the
success of this shoot. He shoots a
Parker gun and Peters shells. Mr.
Crisman has done much for the good
of trap shooting in this vicinity.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-05-15
EARNED, NOT BOUGHT.
Such is the Reputation of "The Little
Conqueror" in Ottumwa.

How hard it often is to earn and
maintain good reputation and how
easy it is to lose one. AS with a mans
reputation, SO it is with other things
In life Some things. achieve a repu-'
tation which stays with them. They
are founded on intrinsic value. They
face the public backed up by honesty
and work their way quietly but thor
Ioughly Ottumwa people want no bet
ter proof of merit than is contained
in the following experience of a citi-
zen:
Mr.. John Mitchell of COL West Me-
'chanic street, says: "a member of my
family suffered for years with kidney
complaint in pronounced form. The
Isecretions from the kidneys were al
ways unnatural in appearance and
Kidney pains were also present /
procured box of Doans Kidney
Pills at Will L. Sargent's drug store
Main and Market streets, and had him
use them. We were surprised to note
how quickly the action Of the kidneys
were righted and how soon the kidney
Becretions became more natural. AZ
ter the use of this remedy he was
much better any anyone knowing the
particulars of the case could not help
ibut be satisfied that as a kidney rem
ledy Doan's Kidney Pills are reliable
and effective"
! For sale by all dealers. Price 80
cents. Foster-Milburn Co., Buffalo, N
~, sole agents for the United States.
/ Remember the name Doan's and
take no other.