Durango semi-weekly herald., 1902-04-03

z. The heraldfc record OF titled Tor.
eigners.
8. The heraldic record of the Ital-
ian population.
4. The heraldic record of Moral
Entities" which means orders and so
cieties of various kinds
In the golden book are inscribed in
the order of their rank the names Of
members of titled families Of Italy.
In the book of foreign titles are in.
scribed the members of Italian fami-
lies who are in possession of foreign
titles. and foreign families who are
in possession of Italian titles.
The King Of Italy has authority to
confer title upon any one he pleases
subject TO the approval of this board.
which will furnish the new prince or
duke coat of arms. following his
Wishes so far as they can do so with
out conflicting with the rules of her
aldry. Titles may also be obtained
by the purchase of estates Many
of the great estates in Italy carry
several titles with them and If the
purchaser be peasant h may be-
come prince or a marquis, as the
case may be, as soon as he acquires
ownership. But the "Consulta Aral-
dica" must investigate and confirm to
keep things straight and give titles q
value. Old titles which have fallen
into disuse may be purchased from
the families that control them. Some
families by centuries of intermarriage
have acquired several titles which
they can dispose of for any price
purchaser may choose to pay. with
the consent of the Consulta Young
er sons can revive old titles that may
be obsolete in their families.
There are also several orders of
knighthood and decorations con-
ferred by the king upon persons
whom he pleases to honor
Eatons History of Rome" says.
Mobility is certainly more the fruit
of wealth in Italy than in England.
Here, where a title and an estate
are sold together, a man who buys
the one secures the other. From the
station of lacquey an Italian who
has amassed riches may rise to that
of duke. Thus Torlonia, the Ro.
man banker, has purchased the title
and estate of the Duke de Braccaino."
The Torlonia family Is said to be
the richest in Rome and was founded
by small shopkeeper who was born
in 1854. accumulated money. became
a banker and afterward a marquis,
duke and prince and united his sons
and daughters by marriage with
princely families.
1t costs money, however, to obtain
titles After the consent of the king
and the confirmation of the consulta
are secured tax of $4,000 lire
sG,20O) must be paid by those who
receive the title of prince; 10000
lire ($6,0O0) for the title Of duke;
$4,000 lire ($9.6OO) for the title of
count, and $1,000 $4,000 for the title
of baron. When an old title is re-
vived the tax is three-fifths of the
amounts above given. Any person
who wishes to sport coat-of-arms
must pay tax of $40 lire.
Titles granted by the pope are not
recognized by the Italian government
The Swiss guards at the Vatican,
who look like the pictures on playing
heir uniform was
designed by Michael Angelo, and is
supposed to be very artistic-number
eighty, and are all volunteers from
the Catholic provinces of Switzerland.
They are not mercenaries, as many
people suppose, for their pay is only
equivalent to SIS month and board.
They sleep in barracks within the
walls of the Vatican and their fare Is
similar to that of the ordinary sol
dier. Their wages scarcely pay for
their uniforms, which are very expen-
sive, being made of the finest mater
ials. They still carry the old-fashion-
ed arms-spears, pixies and halberds
and make very imposing display
upon occasions of ceremony. They
guard the passages of the Vatican
stantly stationed as sentinels at the
entrance of the pope's chamber.
When he leaves his room, they &C.
company him, one marching before
and the other marching behind him.
He is usually attended by an officer
of the guards also.
The Swiss guards are all volunteers
and admission to the corps is consid-
cred great honor. Many of them
are young men of excellent educa.
ton and social standing. The list of
applicants contains several hundred
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occur, they are filled by selection,
and the applicant who has the strong
est pull is usually appointed. 1t is
generally supposed that they are re-
quired to take an awful oath before
being assigned to duty but that also
is mistake. 1t is nothing more than
a pledge Of loyalty to the pope.
The ordinary eut-of-door dress of
cardinal consists of long black
frock with many little red buttons
down the front and a cap of scarlet
silk under a broad-brimmed hat. The
full dress for indoors consists of scar
let frock, cape, stockings and sash,
and some of them wear scarlet slip
pers also. with silver or gold buckles.
The Roman senators used to wear
scarlet robes, but that practice was
not inherited by the cardinals, who
are their successOrs II Was mt Cuu