Hot Springs weekly star. (Hot Springs, S.D.) 1892-1917, 1902-02-07
oUfTHEBIOGRA
MACHINE THAT PRODUCES THE
MOVING PICTURES
Great Future for Them In Education
Some Of the Uses to Which They
May Be Put-How the Filns Are
Made,

There is q great future for moving
pictures In education. 10 the insular
child what more impressive method of
information as. to what a warship is
like in all its majesty than to show him
one in motion-photography? The chill
dren of the Central States will be
shown a dashing high upon the
strand, or rolling In gentle pillows on
the bathing beach where children are
at play. There are city children, too,
who can be shown harvesting and hay
ing Genes in the great West; COWS,
horse IS, and all animals, wild and tame.
And for both rural and urban young
sters the mutoscope will display the
Indian. the Conaman, the Zulu-all
races Of men and their manner and
customs. To the geography class the
mutoscope will display the capes, riv-
ers, cities, bays, towns and historic
buildings that heretofore have been but
names to the book-dazed scholar. He
will be shown the Muir glacier in its
mighty disintegration. Vesuvius in
eruption, and Niagara's resistless flood.
1t Will take the scholar up the Danube
or down the Mississippi, or show him
the wondrous panoramas of London,
New York, Paris, Bombay and Canton
life. To the history class the muto-
scope will show the great %personages
Of to-day, as they live and move and
have their being. What more vital sug-
gestion Of the war with Spain than the
fNy,n 1yinVV,c oP t1N0 Crc,,fc1, xr,C GO hin V.{c
caya--one showing her at anchor in
New York harbor, her captain, in bitter
jest, training his cannon OH the city;
the other n battered wreck upon the
beach of Santiago u few weeks later?
Life-motion pi lures are made with
one type Of canerr and projected by
two kinds of machines. The moving
picture Gamer is arranged so that,
when turned by u crank. either 10y hand
or by an electric motor, the sensitiZed
film passes behind the lens ut Il rate of
32O feet per minute. But, to make each
picture, this film must come to u dead
stop for on%e-seventeenth part of a sec
ond, during which time the shutter OF
the camer opens and closes. Then In
less than the hundredth part of q sec.
ond the film moves down about two
inches, and the process is repeated vi
til tlle picture is finished. From one
half q minute to a minute is sufficient
time to take ordinary scenes in life-mo-
ton. Five hundred or six hundred mel
marching eight abreast can pass at Il
walk u given point i'll one minute; and
so, in taking %life-motion photographs of
q parade, the operator of the camera
turns on his machine only. at the mo
1ent important personages are passing.
Pictures three minutes in length OF
longer are often taken, but experience
aas shown that long pictures OR b bio.
graph grow tiresome.
A developed biograph film is simply a
ribbon of semi-transparent celluloid
three inches wide, on which appears Il
succession of pictures. These pictures
are two inches high and W. the film
to its edges. while between each pic.
tureS there is q margin of one-siXteenth
Of an inch. A picture-film of Il scene
that has lasted a minute will be three
inches wide and 800 feet long. On twill
be 1900 separate photographs of the
subject. The camera makes exposures
at the rate of thirty distinct snap shots
per second. and the biograph or muto.
scope (by which names the two forms
of reproducing apparatus are distin-
guished) exhibit them to spectators at
the same rate of speed. The eye cannot
detect where II picture joins another,
for they pass ut the rate of 1880 pic.
lures per NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS. Maya.
zine.