The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1902-02-16

srland, although II has but three millions
Of inhabitants. Possesses six, besides q mag
nihcent Federal Polytechnique at zur'on.
Basel Is the only university that may
be called ancient. having been founded III
1890; the other five are all Of modern erection
The University Of Freiburg occupies rom
one point Of view a unique position peihg
under the patronage Of the Pope rather
than under that of the Federal Government
1t is a testimony to the excellence OF SWISS
universities that abou a half OF the stu
dents in them and in the Zurich Polytech-
nique are foreigners. Among these, nus
slams are most numerous. II Is a fact 10
the credit OF the Swiss that they were the
first TO open the doors Of their universities
to women.
Although Switzerland Is one OF the poorest
countries la Europe as regards natural
resources. the inhabitants are among the
best off materially and socially. Of CONT
mental peoples. There is work and fair
pay for all who are willing to work. The
importance Of the Swiss watch making
industry is still considerable, although
of late years It has been injured 20 some
extent by American and English COMPETE
ton. To say nothing Of the product OF
trtntNu, we dTt tOlu ny Jul huAicA NHN
annual output OF watches from tho canton
Of N~euchatel. amount 10 something IKE
SOC. 900. In wood carving some $4,000 per-
sons were enga ged a few years ago, and the
number is believed to have since largely
increased. What watch n clock making
are TO west Switzerland, the silk and cotton
industries are to the eastern cantons'
Though the silk manufacture Of Zurich Is
not now what il once was, II still occupies
many thousands Of hands in the city and
in the n~eighborhood. The Canton OF st
Gall may be said TO be the headquarters
of the Swiss cotton industry. as well as OF
the allied one OF embroidery. which occu-
pies a multitude OF female workers. No
fewer than fifty thousand persons are said
TO be engaged in embroidery In the cantons
Of st. Gall and Appenzell and in parts OF
Zurich. The manufacture Of wooden goods
Ia confined chiefly to the cantons OF Glarus'
Zurich, Berne, Soleure and Baselland; fax
spinning centres mainly In Berne. Among
minor industries may be mentioned the
manufacture Of machinery In Winterthur.
the shoemaking Of Soleure, the condensed
milk industry Of vaud and the manufacture
Of tobacco and cigars from the native
grown plant In yaud and Aargau.
II Swiss wines are little known outside
Of Switzerland, It u because they fall to
supply the needs Of the Swiss. Fifteen
TO sixteen million gallons are annually
imported. Nevertheless, the average an
nual production OF wine In Switzerland
amounts to nearly n million and a half
hectolitres. About 10 per cent. OF the soil
under cultivation In Switzerland is devoted
to the culture OF the grape. The only can
tons In which the vine is not cultivated
TO some extent are those OF Schwyz, APP
pencil and Unterwalden. Vaud is, per-
haps, the most noted for It's vine culture,
it's connection with the industry being of
very ancient date. From Visp in Valsis
70 MontreuI and Geneva. the wine chiefly
produced is white. White wine is grown
very largely. too, on the shores Of Lake
N~euchhtel and around Lake Wei. although
these districts yield a good red wine as well.
White wines are also produced at the north
ern end OF the Lake Of Constance, along
the Rhine Valley from the mouth Of the
Aar as far as Basel, and on both sides OF
the Lake Of Zurich. The districts most
notable for red wines are the vine lands
Of S~chaffhausen. and the contiguous wine
growing sections Of Zurich and Thurgau.
Tessin, OF Ticino, produces a good red
wine. but the Italian canton has SUI
fered from the introduction Of Americ an
stocks.
or cereal produce there is comparatively
little In Switzerland, but what the Swiss
farmer misses in this direction he makes
I'D for In cattle-breeding and cheeseman's
ing. Well known is the importance OF
the cheese manufacture carried on In the
Gruyere district and in tho Emmenthal
and n~eighborng wales. Tho amount OF
cheese produced from the milk Of the finest
COWS will average, we are told, as much as
two hundredweight per COW in four mo his.
1t would be hard 70 o~xaggerate the arduous-
ness Of the life Of the AlDine herdsman.
Only men in the most robust health can
stand It. A very large proportion OF the
herdsmen are killsd on before their time
by the rigors Of their calling
From a chapter on cantonal life and
character we learn that in the Bernese
Overland and in tho forest cautons gem
orally, many old-wo rld customs survive.
One OF these, observed chiefly in Entle-
buch and Obwald, is known as the RtAp1rg;
this was a custom Of Nocturnal wooing,
which IL now generally modified in some of
its moro Objectionable features. 1t seems
that In many Of the villages OF the Emile,
and the Emme the younger male inhabi-
tants form a kind OF vigilance committee
TO prevent the well-to-do girls from being
carried of by outsiders. TIN village low
ers, who belong to this committee, are
permitted TO pay nocturnal visits and climb
TO the windows Of the fair ones undisturbed.
Curiously enough, this usage has the sane
tion of the parents.
Our author tells US that, 80 far as his
observation goes. Swiss women are OF
medium height, stoutly built and plain
! rather than handsome. To comparatively
few can the latter epitNet be applied. TIE
| general plainness Of the type Is attributed
TO the grinding life led by Swiss women
in the past. Even now, for all but the
fairly anluent. a woman lfo is ono Of
continuous toll. often descending to day
long drudgery. Not only have women
the care Of the house and Of the children.
but they are also expected TO aid In the
bread-winning by carrying on some spe-
cial handicraft. such as lace-making, en-
broidery or weaving. We learn from Mr..
Story that next to their ~plainncss what
A rslyaa a pousr,rnar most IN asgpClattnu