davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington times., 1902-08-25
INTERESTING FACTS
OF GARMENT MAKING

would agree 10 increase the task; thus
in time the task. which at first consist
cd o. eight or nine coats per day. was
gradually increased until 1t reached as
high as twenty In order 10 finish a task
in day II became necessary 10 work
longer hours. but ii socn became i'm
possible to finish a days work even by
working twenty hours, and II would ire
quently take more than thirty hoGrs 10
finish a days task. As the workers re-
ceived always the rame price for task.
whether it consisted Of eight coats or
twenty. they lid not consider that their
wages had been reduced Thus L win
be seen that q more obnoxious eXempli-
fcation Of the so-called sweating sy5-
tenn cannot be conceived
Machinery Improves.
THE changes and improvements in
the machinery used in the manufacture
of clothing have had a considerable
bearing on the volume of the manufac-
ture aud also on the conditions OF the
worker
'Aaenines for cutting the cloth were
introduced about 1870. The first of these
were long knlves operating perpendicu-
larly like saws and cutting through
number Ct thicknesses of cloth; later.
these knivcs were replaced with cir
cular discs. operating like buzz saws,
which will cut through almost any num-
Der Ct thicknesses that may he required.
Many devices have been added to the
sewing machines whereby the work can
be performed in a much shorter time
than formerly The most important
change. however is from machines
driven by foot power to those driven by
steam, electric. or other power. The
substitution Of artificial fer human
power has teen very slow.
In all the smaller shops the pressing
is still done by irons heated on open
stoves. which contribute to the vitiation
and opprcssiveness of the atmosphere.
In the factories and in many of the
larger shops pressing irons heated by
gas or electricity are now used"
The Washington times., 1902-08-25
BOY DROWNED IN CANAL.
Elmer johnson, Ten Years Old, Meets
Death in James Creek.

Elmer Johnson. a n-year-old white
boy, who resides at Si7 Four and "a Half
Street southwest, was drowned yester-
day afternoon about 2:30 o'clock in the
old James Creek Canal The youngster
was attempting to get into the arsenal
grounds by climbing along the wall az
the canal. when " lost his balance and
fell into the water. There were three
other boys with him
The crew Of the police boat later in
the day found the body and removed It
to he harbor Office, where ii was
viewed by Coroner hewitt a certificate
of death due to accidental causes was
issued.
The remains have since been turned
over 10 an Indertaher
The Washington times., 1902-08-25
ALEXANDRIA ITEMS
OF GENERAL INTEREST
The Police Force Becoming
Activein Enforcing
Ordinances.
Recent Meeting of Commissioners Hav
ing Visible Effect on Workings of
the Peace Guardians.

ALEXANDRIA, Va, Aug. 2i.-Since
the meeting of the board of police com
missionors. held last Wednesday night.
which resulted in the reorganization OF
that board and in which the present
rules governing the board were rescinded
and many changes made. there has been
a decided change in police circles.
The police are displaying activity in
requiring the enforcement of the law
relative to the disposal of waste ana
garbage matter. aud also warning peo-
pie who allow grass 10 remain in their
cutters that they must cease. The latter
Is proniuited by on ordinance passed by
the city council, and there is a fine for
'Iolstions. Notwithstanding this, the
ordinance has been nagrantly violated
for many years; in fact, since it was
enacted.
Since the meeting OF the commissions
ers there has been one resignation from
The force, that OF Policeman James Hall,
onG it is said several others are expected
to follow. a commissioner stated that
where there is one resignation there are
forty applications for the position. The
commissioner in question said that here
after the police would be required to
enforce the law without fear or favor,
and those who didn't like the position
should make room for those who are
willing.
The Washington times., 1902-08-25
Damascus Steel Pivaled.

The famous sword Of Damascus. the
acme of ingenuity in the steel making
craft. is to find counterpart here. il
the claims of new company are real
izcd. The Nickel steel and Forge Com
pany. backed by Philadelphia capital.
is erecting a plant. and by means of
new processes and patents, expects to
reproduce the work once done by the
ancient Syrians.
The application of the new process to
nickel steel, it is claimed. has devel-
oped a wonderful increase in its tensile
strength.
The Washington times., 1902-08-25
GAME PLENTY IN MAINE.
More Deer and Moose Than Have Been
Known for Years.

BANGOR. Me.. Aug. 24.-Big game
has increased wonderfully of late War
rem f. Lowe. who has just returned
from four weeks canoeing trip through
northern Maiue waters. reports having
seen more deer than ever before in his
experience and at least 100 moose. all
OF the latter very large specimens.
In his entire journey of 200 miles
however. Mr Lowe did not see single
caribou. and it is quite evident that
those animals have completely deserted
Maine. Caribou are migratory, and very
swift travellers, and II is though, that
the herds thar once roamed about Ka-
tahdin and Moosehead Lake have gone
far north toward Labrador
The Washington times., 1902-08-25
AFTER A SPEAKEASY.
Police Make a Raid and Find Money
But No Liquor.

Several members OF the police force
OF the Fourth precinct yesterday morn
ing descended upon the home OF John
II. and Hargaret Johnson. colored. at
1l15 First Street southwest, where. il is
said. they found an unlicensed bar in
operation. The parties were placed un-
der arrest. Nothing Of any consequence
was found on the premises, so far as
can be learned, with the exception Of IS
IN cash.
The Washington times., 1902-08-25
Attacked by a Dog.

While walking on sherman Avenue
last night Elizabeth Coleman. a colored
girl twenty-five years old, was attack ed
by a large black dog. She was knocked
to the ground. and the animal bit her
twice in the hip. She was picked up
and taken to her home. $50 Marshall
Street. DR.. Shedd was summoned and
cauterized the wounds Her condition
was not considered serious last night.
The Washington times., 1902-08-25
Accomplished His Death
at St. EIizabeth'S
Asylum,
SERVED IN THE PHILIPPINES
Name Was John Calhoun, But Nothing
Is Known of Relatives-Sent Here
From the Preside in San Francisco
Will Receive Military Burial.

John Calhoun. United States sol
dier. twenty-nine years old, committed
suicide at St. Elizabeths Asylum short
ly after noon yesterday by hanging him
self to the iron grating in his room.
Calhoun. who was born in Arkansas.
was raken to the institution eleven days
ago. suffering with acute melancholia.
He had shown homicidal tendency
since mis- Incarceration, but desire TO
commit suicide had not manifested
itself
On account OF his desire to commit
violence, he was being closely watched.
and one of the nurses visited his room
each hour.
Mr.. Sullivan. who had charge of CAL
houn, visited the room in which he was
confined at 12:4O o'clock yesterday after
noon. At thai hour Calhoun appeared
in his usual condition and gave no in
dicstion of a desire TO take his life.
Used Sheet as Rope.
At 1:2O O'Clock when Mr.. Sullivan re.
turned to the room, he saw Calhoun
hanging to the window grating by a
street Mr.. Sullivan hastened inside and
cut the sheet. letting Calhoun's body
fall 10 the floor. He did not stop to see
II life was extinct. but summoned assist
ance. When the physician in charge of
the ward arrived. he. with the nurses
who had responded to the distress call,
made every possible effort to resuscitate
Calhoun. but without success.
II was believed that the patient hae
strangled 10 death almost Immediately
after taking the drop with the sheet
around his neck.
Kicked Bench From Under Him.
An investigation showed that Cal
houn had tied one end of the sheet
around his neck, and standing on 4 bench
had tied the other end of the sheet 10
the bars in the window. and then kicked
the bench from under his feet and took
a drop of about twelve inches.
DR.. N2vitt was notified of the occur
renee, and after making an investiga-
tion took from the guards at ST. Eliza
beth affidavits concerning the suicide
as there were no eyewitnesses to the
affair.
DR.. hewitt decided that under the cir
cUmstances no inquest would be neces-
sary and issued certificate of death by
suicide
Had Served in Philippines.
Calhoun was sent TO the institution
from the Presidio in San Francisco.
where he had been stationed since his
return from the Philippines.
effort TO locate Calhoun s relatives II
they cannot he found the body will be
buried in Arlington Cemetery with mil
itarY honors
The Washington times., 1902-08-25
DIED.

HAlIILTON-On August y. 1902. at Rcd
wood. Connecticut Avenue. d. G., NEATHA
L.. loving daughter Of Francis +. and Mary
Hamilton aged sixteen wears and seven months.
Notice oi funeral hereafter. mi
PF ARSON-EMMA '. (nee IindSay,D wife OF
Paul Pearson. at 10 O'Clock a. M. August %
1902. at residence. 21s Street northwest
Funeral Tuesday. August 26. 1902. at II
o'clock a. m. from residence. baltimore and
New York papers please copy.) mi
The Washington times., 1902-08-25
STONE FISHING FOR BASS.
The Governor Has Already Made Sew
eral Good Catches.

WILLIAMsPORT. Pa. Aug. 24.-since
Wednesday Gov. W. \. Stone, accom-
panied by his son, daughter. and some
Wellsboro friends, has been fishing
for bass. at Wateryile, this county. The
governor. arrayed in a pair Of overalls
and blouse, has made several good
catches.
The Washington times., 1902-08-25
Condition of Mrs. Dennis.

1t was learned last evening that the
condition OF Mrs. Ada Gilbert Dennis
who is now at Garfield Hospital. was
practically unchanged. She is still con-
scious, as she has been for some time
past.
The Washington times., 1902-08-25

N''is' AP SN Hu'AaNAls u Nt41 ''HAA
dent that something had done so, and !
lay still and listened.
All Sounds Were Magnified.
The suspense Of the situation served
to quickly arouse me from the stupOr
accompanying sudden awakening. 1 was
intensely alive to every sound in the
room. At that hour of the night and in
my position OF instructive danger and
uncertainty. the. mere creaking of a
board or the buzzing OF mosquito was
waited to my ears with a startling in
crease in yolume-like the report OF a
pistol or The roar and rumble of train
in the distance.
Ny room is on the second floor Of
the house. II has long been my habit 70
place 2 loaded revolver on a chair di-
Tectly beside the bed Just before retir-
ing. Carefully avoiding the slightest
motion that would be likely to make a
sound. | waited and listened. Suddenly
the sound was repeated.
This time there was no mistaking
the sound or its origin. 1t came from
the door OF the room. | looked toward
the door. but could see absolutely moth
ing. The room was as dark as pitch.
IT was plain that some one was feel
ing for the knob OF the door in the en-
deavor to enter the room 1t. was ap-
parent that the party without was try
ing 70 open the door without arousing
those within the room. could hear his
hand shifting about the panels of the
door in The endeavor to locate the knob.
The movement was so guarded that 1t
was evident the intruder was there for
no good purpose
The Washington times., 1902-08-25
Education for Real Life
1864. For Sons and Daughters, at l902-s-
cnarnerian RuSineSS COLLEGE.

Academy Of Music Building, 9Th and D nv.
Beautiful spacious i,4l s...r',nee, 4,o Ytn St
All of fhe departments open Tor day and night
sessions Monday, August %.
Tic leading business men Of Washington wers
educated in this institution, and send their sons
and daughters aud candidates for employment
here for training.
Night classes: Monday, Wednesday and Fri-
DAY. to-y. :,
For new catalogue or further information call
NJ office or address MRS. SARA \. SPENCER,
Principal aud Proprietor.
LEONARD GARFIELD SPENCER, Secretary.
attlp-.Ht
The Washington times., 1902-08-25
Cruel.

Would it be good idea for me 10
write some verses on Snow " queried
the long haired visitor.
Fine" returned the editor. Write
'em on snow, and when the snow melts
that will be the end OF them. "-Phila- =
delphia Record.
The Washington times., 1902-08-25
Fields Civil Service Institute,

Go l4th St y. W
Preparation Tor CIVIL SERVICE EXAAl1NA-
rJuVl a srecialty. GREGG and Titrnan short
Hand Tvpewrit;ii=. Regular Course in English
and Mathematics Bookkeeping. Ten years eN-
@l.i 1Il,;.,,ls au2I-S0t
The Washington times., 1902-08-25
WOODS
COM M ERClhL
COLLEGE

u,,nils limited Shorthand, typewriting, book
kSrning. English, civil service Graduates
placed in positions. Mr.. b. II. Warner and
len other prominent business men VIII deliver
lectures durin, the ensuing year Kindly wri'e'
The Washington times., 1902-08-25
Team Work Is Done.

Through the task system the division
of labor was carried into the shops.
The peculiar features of this system are
the team work Gnd the task price
The work is done in the following man
ner: Each team consists of three men
an operator baster. and a finisher
Outside the team there is. as u rule. a
presser and a girl for sewing on buttons
and making buttonholes Each member
Of the team has his particular part of
the coat to make. and in a short time
gains such an efficiency in his work
that the team is able to turn out an
increasing number of coats.
When the system was first intro
duced. a task of overcoats would con-
slst of about 30 coats per week. for the
completion OF which the operator would
receive SIS; the baster. S16: the fnisher,
Sl1: and the presser, Sf2. The girl was
paid by the week. and received about
$3.50 The contractor would. as a rule.
be a member of the team. until he
started to run three or more teams in
his shop, when he became the bushel-
man or oyerseer. The contractor would
obtain the goods from the manufacturer
and be responsible for them.
When times were hard and labor
plentiful! the manufacturer would tell
the contractor that ne could get the
work done at a lower figure The con-
tractor would be compelled 10 take the
work at a reduced figure or go without
it, He would tell his employees of this
state of things. and, in order not to
have their wages reduced. the workers
The Washington times., 1902-08-25
EDUCATIONAL.
TANNERS
BUSINESS COLLEGE,
Cor. 9Th and r.
TWEHTY-FiRST YEAR.

The principal has had over 20 years ex-
peri,nce as Official Court stenographer. Book
keeper. and Teacher Of Business Methods
'RsES-Shorthand. Typewriting. Book
keeping. Civil service. English etc GFadu-
ates placed in positions open all the year
uav md night sessions. Call at any time, or
send for catalogue. auS5-l''-eod
The Washington times., 1902-08-25
Fired at the Door.

"In another moment the burglar. for
was sure he was a burglar located
the knob and began to turn it to open
the door grabbed my revolver. and
though it was too dark to see the door,
fired. In moment stumbling noise
was heard outside the door, as though
some one were turning to run away.
Who's there? | shouted.
There was no answer, but instead
there was the sound of a man running
down the hall toward the steps. |
jumped out of bed and ran into the hall.
where a light was burning dimly. | fol-
lowed down the stairs and caught a
glimpse of the burglar leaving the house
by the kitchen door L shot at him two
times. Neither shot had the effect OF
causing the man to pause. He dashed
across the yard and jumped over the
fence"
The firing had awakened the neighbor-
hood, and Policeman Trussell, of the
Tenth precinct. came on a run to the
house. He was joined shortly after by
Sergeant Carlson. Together they Joined
in a search for the burglar but no trace
OF him could be found. An examination
was also made Of the Rc.ers house
Nothing. however. was missing.
Mr.. Rogers described the thief to the
police as being about feet 10 inches
tall; slender built. and with a black hat
and clothing. He was unable to discern
in the feeble light Of the hallway wheth-
er the man was white or black.
The Washington times., 1902-08-25
ROLE OF GODFATHER
FOR THE PRESIDENT
lcunlinned from Fir.t Pasel

the train he was loudly cheered. lie
boarded the train and remained on the
rear platform as it pulled out of the
station. Near the rear car as the train
drew out were Two soldiers stationed
at Fort Adams.
They gave, the President IA military
salute. ana. seeing them, he tried TO
shake hands with them. Dut the moving
train made this impossible. and he
waved his hand at them.
Trip to Nahant.
NAHANT. Mass. Aug. 24-After as
sistlng at the christening of Winthrop
Chanler's son, at Newport. early this
afternoon. President Roosevelt came
over to Nahant 20 keep his promise to
visit his friend, Senator Henry Cabot
Lodge. Mr. and Mrs Lodge were at the
christening.
On the way from Newport to Nahant
a great many people came down to the
railroad to get lock at the President
At Lynn, when the President and his
following were taken in carriages to
Nahant, there was great outpouring
OF the people and the three mile road
was lined with bicyclists. folk on foot,
and in all sorts and conditions of We
higles, from tally-ho coaches to heavy
wagons. Tonight the President and his
immediate staff are at senator Lodges
house and the rest Of the "retinue'
are quartered in the Tudor Hotel. near
The Washington times., 1902-08-25
Program for Today.

After speech today to the people of
Nahant from platform erected in front
of.the library. he will so to Boston for
night meeting.
At Lynn there was cavalry troop
waiting at the station to act as an escort
to the Presidents carriage. Senator and
Mrs. Lodge rode in the carriage with
the President Every street through
which the cavalcade passed was crowded
with people.
The President stayed at Senator
Lodges all this evening
The Washington times., 1902-08-25

Incorporated. 3ll East
Capitol 81. Phone. East
s.. Open all the year-
Electric fans. Eighteenth
year begins sept. J.
Monday, sept. l. enroll
ment day. Number OF
The Washington times., 1902-08-25
Wild RACE SCHEDULED
TO MEET PRESIDENT
Rough Riders and Cowboys
in 6OO-MIle Contest.
Omaha Hits Upon Unique Feature
for It's Reception to Mr..
Roosevelt.

OMAHA. NEB.. Aug. 24.-Of all the
cities marking preparations to greet
President Roosevelt on his Western
trip no city's plans equal in variety or
magnitude those that are being formu-
lated in Omaha. one of the features is
a magnificent electric pageant, which
will pass over Omaha's streets and be-
fore a reviewing stand, to be erected at
the City Hall. The other being a truly
Western reception by large contin-
gent OF the Presidents former regiment
OF Rough Riders. It is to the plans re-
garding their arrival that especial in
terest is being directed, for a mad race
of over COO miles on horseback is to
precede. the arrival OF this contingent
and It's reception of the President.
The Washington times., 1902-08-25
SPECIAL NOTICES.

Ny OFFICES. YARDS AND DOCKS will be
closed all DAY LABOR DAY. MONDAY. SEP
TENDER /, 1902. j. MAURY DOVE. au25, 27,29
The Washington times., 1902-08-25
ST. JOHNS COLLEGE,

Vermont ave aal Thomas Circle.
English. Scientinc and Commercial 'ourses
SELL r.s,,,,ed S-utsuher : Catalogues sent
on application. BROTHER ABDAs~ President
au-u-3it
ACADEMY, Rockville. Md, foE boys; home
lie; individual care and i-struet!on: teFins
nloIer,ta Address ". p. MASON. L. > y. \
iyl5-6J
The Washington times., 1902-08-25
Information Cleaned for
Publication in Census
BuEetin.
IMPROVEMENTS WERE SLOW
Industry hot Worthy of Note Urtil
Second Decade of Nineteenth Gen.
tury-Changes in Machinery and in
Production of Shop Work.

According to recent Census bulletin
issued by s. W. d. North. chief sta
tistician Of the manufacturers division.
the manufacture of ready-made clothing
as an industry worth noting is OF com
2arauvely recent date. There are no
records available OF the earlies: days
Of the industry in this country: how
ever the industry came into being dur,
ing the second decade of the nineteenth
century, and George Opdyke. once ms-
yor of New York. was one Of the first
to engage in it. About 1881 he com
inenced to manufacture clothing in Hud-
son Street, New York city.
About 1885" according to the bull
letin, "the wholesale manufacture
Of medium grade ready-made clothing
tor men began in New York on a small
scale. Prior to this time it was usual for
stores ir the seaport cities to rnanufac.
ture and keep in stock outfits of clotn-
ing from which sailors could repfepish
their wardrCbes. These garments con-
sisted principally OF the sO-caIled 'sIop-
work. At first almost ali the clothing
was manufactured to supply the trade
IN the South and West. Gradually the
Wholesale houses in New York began to
manufacture better grades of ready
made clothing. The quantities manufac,
tured were small and everything was
made by hand. From this obscure be-
ginning has grown the enormous indus
try OF today.
Ihe invention of the sewing machine
IN 1850 gave a great impetus to the
manufacture of clothing. The sewing
machine made is possible to manufac-
ture clothing on larger scale. but Il
stronger impetus 10 the wholesale pro-
duction of ready clothing was Civ
en- by the Civil War. when the Govern
ment suddenly faced the necessity OF
providing clothing for hundreds OF thou
sands of men. Since that time the vol
ume of this industry has steadily in
creased.
The Washington times., 1902-08-25
PREACHER STRICKEN
WITH HEART DISEASE

Continued from First rage.)
The Washington times., 1902-08-25
Methods Greatly Changed.


ufacture of mems dncluding children's)
clothing have changed greatly during
the last half century. Before 1850 1t
was mainly a household Industry and
there were but few manufacturers who
ian factories of their own. After the
sewing machine came into general use
Ire making of ready made clothing was
principally carried on by the journey
men tailors. During the seasons they
worked for the custom tailors. and be-
tween the seasons they could be found
in the shops OF the manufacturers. At
that time each tailor was skilled me-
chaEic. who made the entire garment.
The majority OF these tailors wers
English. ScOth and American. Socn af-
ter 1850 the Irish came largely into the
trade. Next the Germans entered into
The manufacture of ready made cloth
ing. and by them was introduced di-
vision of labor in the making OF the gar
ments. The garments were made in
homes, the father doing the machine
work, while mother and children assist
ed in the basting, finishing. aGd making
OF the buttonhules
Prior TO 1876 there was little change
in the methods of manufacture. but fol-
lowing the great influx of Russian Jews.
which began about that time. the tasl,
system was introduced into the manu-
facture Of mems ready-made clothing
The introduction of the task system
revolutionized the ready made clothing
industry 1t was no longer necessary
for the worker to be skilled mechanic
and the journeyman tailor was driven
out of this branch of tailoring trade.
This system has been applied only in
the making OF coats. When the task
system was started the jourpeyman
tailor received $3.50 to SO for making
a ready made coat on which he per-
formed all the work. principally by
hand. In the task shop the same coat
would be produced by five persons at
cost of $l.50 TO 81. and as much as pos
sible Of the work was done on the sew
ing machine.
The Washington times., 1902-08-25

William Bell. colored. was this after
noon stabbed in the neck and arm by
Llewcllyn Lane, also colored. The afait
occurred in a house situated in Green
woods Court. in the squares bounded
by Queen. Princess. Fayette. and Payne
Streets. Shortly afterward Lane was
taken in custody by Policemen Roberts
and Mayugh. and he Will be given a
hearing in the police court in the morn
ing.
Lane. N company with three colorec
women. was upstairs in the house
drinking beer when Bell entered. Lane
became offended at the arrival OF the
new guest and showed his displeasurc
by throwing him down the steps Bell,
however. regained his feet aud made a
second attempt to get into the company.
This time Lane, it is said. whipped out
his pOcketknife and stabbed Bell in the
throat and arm, inflcting slight but
painful cuts. Bell bled profusely from
he wounds. Fortunately for Bell. the
knife was very dull. otherwise the stabs
might have proved serious.