davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1902-09-17
Keeping Old HeEs.

Experiments along the line of egg
production show that the pullets from
the time they are six months old un-
til they are Is months old lay twice as
many eggs as will hens three and four
years old in the same length of time.
It has been found by keeping care
full account that it costs from So to
rs cents a year to feed hen. If, when
we'll cared for, she only lays about
seven dozen year. it is readily seen
that there is but little profit in keep
ing her for the production of eggs. The
well.cared for pullet laying fourteen
dozen eggs annually is much more pro-
fitable, as the last seven dozen she lays
will all be left for profit, allowing the
first seven to pay for her board.
A large flock of pullets would be a
very profitable investment If we'll
housed and fed, but the majority of
farmers do not give sufficient care in
cold weather and do not expect to get
eggs except through spring and sum-
mer. AT lQlS lIUle IllS oju HeLS pei-
haps lay as we'll as the pullets, but TO
keep fowls that lay during the en-
tire year would be- much more profit
able to the farmer.
The hen that moults late in the fall
is most usually an invalid all winter
and it would be economy to sell her at
any price unless she is a special iav-
orite for settir and raising chickens.
Such hens (those that are good
mothers), should be kept until they die
Of old age. as they are useful and us
ually very scarce. They should be
marked with metal leg bands.
One reason so many farmers allow
their focks to consist Of hens Of all
ages is that they cannot raise enough
In one year to replace the old ones.
If mixed breeds were kept the old
ones could be exchanged at the mar
ket for pullets which would be much
better management, but we do not rec
ommend keeping mixed breeds. Thor
oughbred stock is so much more sat
isfactory and more profitable.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1902-09-17
THE industry of killins and
1 packing beef, pork and mutt ";
ton has reached such. pfopol


ton has reached such pIopor-
tions III Chicago-the greatest
centre o. this industry in the efgarl Dc
that the most modern processes htFe
been introduced for the purpose OF
cconomizing both time and labor as
we'll as utilizing all Of the product sSof
the carcass. The Union Stock Yards,
where are located some Of the-largest
packing plants, are the most extensive
in the world, having accommcd cdnti Ions
for nearly 125,000 hogs, 20,0O etttle
and 1900 sheep. Yearly e ,9eo;0eO
cattle ard 100000 hogs are sslautsn-
tered anG converted into packing iouse
products in what is known assssaek'
ing Town." which really for9 sc.
ton Of the yards. A further stte
of the extent Of the industry caa he
gained when it Is stated that the spaca
devoted to pens alone compriSe 20O
acres. while the yards are trsTsssed
by $50 miles of railroad traeEe.and
twenty miles of streets, and the trgqghs
from which the live stock are e3feGsand
watered aggregate seventy five ssiiles
in length.
AS far as possible, machinerTha mas
been employed, with the result that
one of the large companies treats O0C
hogs in a day, where by hand lesssthan
ten per cent. of this number 5car be
disposed of. While the killing it$af is
still done by manual labor, the bachel
has every appliance to further his
work. The drove Of hogs, for ,llam
pie. is passed from the yards ssintc
specially shaped pens, thence freed
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1902-09-17

being transferred to the cold storage
department, where, like the sheep, they
may be kept an indefinite period.
The beef affords Il much greater
variety of products than either the
sheep or the hog, although. as already
stated, every portion of the ANIMALS
is mt to some use in the modern
process. The fat, boiled in large ket-
ties. is resolved into oleo and stearine,
oleo, or oil Of the beef, forming the
basis of butterne and Oleomargarine.
This and stearine are utilized in some
of the soaps which are now manufac-
turel. The blood is converted into
fertilizer, aud also into buttons OF
cheap grade, which are now manulac'
tured in Packing Town. within
short distance Of the slaughter-houses.
The hoofs, Of course, are converted
into glue. In the fertilizer compound.
practically all of the olfal of the beef
can now be utilized.
Within three or four years the manu-
facture of soaps and liquid foods has
been undertaken OH very large scale
in connection with the Chicago pack
ing industry. Scores of products which
have beef for the basis are distilled,
refined and placed in bottles and jars
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1902-09-17
TOO MUCH FOR HIS PHILOSOPHY.

AParable for Those Who Approach 0ues-
tions from the Wrong Side.
A Virginian member of congress
used many years ago to tell story
which may have been intended as a
rarable fer politicians who approach
questions from the wrong side. 1t is
still capable Of performing that office,
not only for politicians, but for 9TH
crs.
The proprietor Of a lanyard built
a stand on one of the main streets of
a Virginia town for the purpose of
selling leather and buying raw hides.
When he had completed the build
ing, he considered for long time
what sort of sign to put up to at
tract attention to the new establish
ment. Finally happy thought
struck him. He bored an augur hole
through the door post and stuck a
calf's tail into it with the tufted end
outside.
After a while he saw a solemn-faced
rlan standing near the door looking
at the sign, his eyes in round, medi-
tatiye stare behind his spectacles. The
tanner watched him minute, then
stepped out and addressed him.
Good morning, sir!" he said.
Morning" said the other, without
taking his eyes off the sign.
Want to buy leather?' asked the
tanner.
mo"
Got any hides to sell?'
mo"
"Are you a farmer"
mo"
"Merchant?"
mo"
Lawyer"
mo"
"Doctor?'
mo"
"What are you then?'
I'm philosopher. I've been stand
Ing here for an hour trying to figure
cut how that calf got through that
augur hole. ."-Youth's Companion.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1902-09-17

have invented Il process by when the
wool can be easily stripped from the
hide The wool is then cleaned thor
oughly in hot water, dried and packed
in bales to be shipped direct to the
cloth manufacturer, the hide being
sold TO the tanner. The mutton intend
ed for shipment is usually placed in the
refrigeroting department, which may
contain 10000 pieces at one time. Here
If can be kept for an indefinite period,
ms the air is maintained at an even
Temperature by a refrigeration system
which extends to all portions OF the
department. When the time arrives
for shipment, the refrigerator cars can
be run into the refrigerator compart-
ments. and the meat transferred with
out exposing it to the warm air. In
the modern method Of killing cattle
the stunning process is still retained.
AS TIE beeves are driven into the
gangways in single file, men upon
elevated platforms knock them sense
less by blow between the horns WITH
a heavy hammer quite similar in shape
to the implement used i'll spiking rail-
road ties. AS the animal falls door
in the side of the gangway is opened,
allowing the carcass to slide to the
floor below, where it is slaughtered.
Here the transferring machine Is at
~ as: IA St as %
HIS killed it starts on its journey
through the several departments. First
comes the chill-room, then the COM
partment where it is skinned. While
one man is removing the hide, another
cuts off the head and removes the
tongue, and another the feet. Next
it is halvcd or Quartered III the cleav-
ing-rocm, and cleaved ready for ship
ment to the centres of consumption
either in this country or abroad. The
carcasses are usually left in halves,
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1902-09-17
Sunlight in Orchards.

It is not sufficiently appreciated that
in order to secure healthy trees and
wholesome fruit the influence of the
suns rays must be brought into full
operation. Trees are placed too near
together in the orchard, and trimming
does not sufficiently ain to open the
growth 10 the sun and air. Half OF
our orchards stand more like groves,
with interlocked limbs, than as or
chards should stand, without intruding
one tree upon another Some varieties,
of course, need more room than others;
so it is that we must consider varieties
instead of laying down the rule that
orchard trees should stand just so
many feet apart Cherry trees should
stand particularly well open, and out
of shade OF other trees. Otherwise
they will be attacked with mildews
and black aphls. | do not know any
variety of fruit that will endure be-
ing planted very close, except the plum.
| have sometimes thought that a plum
grove gave better results than plum
orchard. This is not quite true, be-
cause the richness and coloring Of the
Green Gage is a marked exception
depending on open trees and sunny
places.
The influence Of the sun is to de-
stroy germs, precisely as in the case
of human beings Sunlight has been
proved to be fatal to some OF the lower
forms of life, including those disease
germs which are the most fatal to the
human race and to vegetable growth.
Anthrax, as a rule, in its different
forms, is very much provoked to de-
yelopment by shade. If you have vi
burnum or SNOWFALL in shady place it
is sure to be loaded with lice or aphi-
dae. Set the same bush in a sunny
spot and Il will be nearly or quite free
from the pest. Cherry trees should
never be set in on the sunless side Of
house. Pears also are very sensitive
10 an abundance of sunlight. The dis
eases which attack these trees are a
low class of vegetable organisms, which
thrive as rule better in darkness than
N Daylight. This subject has not had
sufficient consideration, either as re-
CARDS human being or plants. Stern
berg made experiments which demon
strated that the cholera bacillus is
killed by direct exposure to sunlight
for one hour Koch shows that the
tubercule bacillus is destroyed by short
exposure to the direct rays of the sun.
I find out one or two shrubs or plants
that persist in sustaining fungoid dis
ease in spite Of the sun. Gooseberry
mildew need light and air to destroy it
or to prevent it. Bushes of this sort
should as a rule be set in rows run
ming north and south.-E. P. Powell.
in New York Tribune Farmer.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1902-09-17
Intelligent Feeding.

The question of the feeding value OF
corn at prices which have ruled this
season has made many doubtful about
making any money in fattening cattle,
but while some are complaining that
1t is impossible to make anything,
there are others who are showing a
distinct and satisfactory profit. II is
possible for feeder to pay fifty and
tifty-two cents per bushel for corn, and
expect to fatten cattle off it which sell
between SIS and Sc per one hundred
pounds, and make money? This has
been the problem presented during the
past season to man. farmers and feed
ers. The whole question mas practical
ly been answered both ways. and from
the conclusions drawn one is forced to
10 say that it all depends upon the
f,eder. One man can make a profit,
sld another will lose. 1t is the differ
ence between intelligent feeding and
haphazard feeding. But there is some
;hing more which must not be over
looked. 1t is also 4 difference in the
cattle and the feeders stand out promi-
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1902-09-17
Tried Them on tho Indians.

"When 1 was out in Oregon fifty.
three years ago, said pleasant-look.
ing farmer, who has been in the red
raspberry business for twenty-five
years, II first saw red raspberries
growing wild in the thickets and along
the edges Of the wild Oregon roads.
They were saucer-shaped and not as
deep as the modern berry-just like
those which still grow wild in Mich
igan. AS tile Oregon berries looked
tempting, picked lot in my hat, but
did not dare to cat them, as l did
not know whether they were poisonous
or not.
"On my way back to camp met a
number of Indians whom l had seen
before, aud knew to be my friends; in
fact, they had taken such Il fancy 70
me that they once offered to adopt me
into the tribe. TO these genial Indians
l presented my hatful Of fresh red
raspberries, and my joy was great
when they ate them all with relish
After that. ATE all l wanted.
I'm old New England, | understand
they used to call the raspberry the
thimbieberry Oh account of its re.
semblance TO Il wonan's thimblc.
Detroit Free Press.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1902-09-17
The YaIue of Hog Mallows.

The hog is native Of hot climates,
where his thick skin served as a pro-
lection against poisonous snakes and
other enemies. In the state of his pre-
sent higher civilization his thick skin
is in some respects detriment to his
best welfare. When closely confined
in filthy quarters it provides har-
boring place for mites and vermln,
from which they are with difficulty dis
lodged. The extreme thickness OF his
skin also tends to retain the body heat
too closely when penned up in hot
weather, out Of reach of his natural
protective element-a moist mud pain.
The hog that is free to find it well
knows how to escape from insect enc
mics; or, if overheated, into WalloW
hole, where he Will plaster his entire
body in an armor Of mud, which when
peeled off cleans and invigorates the
skin.
The hog is not so filthy an animal as
he is represented. If there are clean
natural or artificial wallows within
reach he will select sucn in which to
take mis- wallow bath n preference to
filthy holes containing yard DRAWINGS
which he, perforce, often has to make
use of. Where natural running streams
cannot be made use of, it will be found
a profitable investment to provide ar
tificial waIows made of plank, so con-
structed as to slope gradually to a
depth sufficient for the largest hog TO
thoroughly plaster himself with the
mud and water supplied.
The wallow box should be built so
it can be conveniently cleaned and re-
filled with fresh water and dirt. Espec-
tally is such wallow beneficial where
the hogs are kept in large or eonsid-
serable numbers and kept rung, and
therefore less able to provide thelfzo
wallows.
Where such wailows are provided
they will often save the lives of many
valuable animals and help ward off
disease, besides contributing in no
small degree to the health and thrift OF
the herd. Brood sows farrowing dur
ing hot weather are especially benefited
b. access Of clean, well adapted wal
lows. BY such means they will keep
in check the danger from overheating
and fevering of their blood, which
often proves fatal to both the soWs
and their litters.
The hog furnished with plenty of
room and given chance to select his
natural environment soon becomes
healthy, happy and wise.-B. F. w. T.,
in Farm and Fireside.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1902-09-17
The Abuse of Shade.

For our hot summers shade around
the house seems to be an absolute ne
cessity. 1t is we'll to remember, how
ever, that, like most other good things,
we may so use shade that it becomes
absolutely harmful. 1t has often been
observed that while home is new
and has little shade it is healthful, but
after the house is buried under trees
the family begins to suffer from va
rious diseases, which when the trees
were small and cast little shade they
were entirely free from.
The explanation is this: When a
house is buried in shade, it becomes
dark and damp. Darkness and damp
ness are both favorable for the growth
of moulds, mildews and disease germs.
Sunlight dries the house and kills out
right the germs of most of our formid-
able diseases. Rheumatism and con-
sumption thrive especially in dark and
damp houses.
In the dark dirt acumulates; disease
runs rampant in dirt and dampness
And then in darkness and dirt the arch
enemy of man, the devil, too is at
home, and we have the quartet, dark
ness, dirt, disease, and the devil.
Shade should be around the house,
not over it. Let there be open places
all around the house, so that the sun
may shine directly upon it. This will
keep it dry and. wholesome.
9 Another evil which comes with too
3many trees Is the shutting Off ofslhe
aGssss y p 2 y y; Is
very hot. Heat is much more endur-
able with plenty of moving air than
1t is when there is no circulation what
ever, Plant trees, plant them in abun-
dance, but not too close to the house,
and when they become too dense cut
some of them out Remember the in
functions, "Be temperate in all things,
Hold fast to that which is good
G. G. Croft, in New York Tribune
Farmer.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1902-09-17

small public house, and drank himseit
to death. In this taste for emigration,
which seems to have been inculcated at
Shasnal to one convicted for coming,
l seem to see a great deal to supper;
my conclusions"
(Which are?" interorgated the Sec
retary.
THAT there is secret mint as
Shashnal."
"Preposterous!" the minister ejacu-
! ulated. "a mint in one of her Eaal5-
esty's prisons? Dear, dear! You must
think of something more likely-more
possible!"
Pardon me; but 1 cannot think OF
anything more possible to q man in
the governors position, who had the
instincts of an enterprising criminal.
He has every facility-immunity from
raids, unlimited strong cells, which
could readily be turned into work.
shops, pretty regular succession OF
skilled coiners, whose assistance could
be bought for leniency and a little
money to start them on their release
from prison, and whose secrecy could
be absolutely relied upon"
Looked at like that, it appears pos
sible; but it is rather risky to base
conclusions upon mere possibilities,
the secretary replied, with quiet cyni-
cism.
81 don't-at least, not entirely. War
der Williams attempted to discover
whether l had done any coming. He
vas remarkably genial until he learned
that l had not, when he became surly
almost to brutality. He was remark
ably genial to Seventy-eight and Twen-
ty-four, who were the only men in
Shashnal who had any coming. These
two men were never in the labor yard.
Why? They always looked pictures of
health. Time after time saw them
enter or leave the entrance of the base
ment cells, at the side of the governors
house, which were condemned three
years ago Us unhealthy
"Ah! we have something tangible
in the use of the condemned basement
cells" the secretary said thoughtfully.
"That matter shall be inquired into at
once. The best thing you can do is
to send in your report, Captain Rich
mond, and then we can duly consider
the matter"
He rose, blandily, and held out his
hand.
Next day Captain Richmond received
check for his services. He tore it up
in disgust, and then wished he had not.
He was still debating in his mind
whether he could ask for another check
when he received an official document
appointing him queens messenger.
For time he was puzzled to know
why he had been appointed. But he
was not kept long in the dark, for ne
was called to the home Office, where
the secretary graciously apologized for
having secuted the coming theory.
Two prison commissioners had visited
Skashnal to inquire why the basement
cells were being used. 1t was denied
that such was the case. The commits
sloners demanded to look over the
Easement. No one knew where the
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1902-09-17
DRESsED MEAT HUNG IN a STORAGE ROOM

the carcasses, but for the general trans
fer of packages and cars from one
point to another. The electric motor
hauls everything, from truck to a
railroad car. The method used for
transferring the carcasses usually con-
sists of an overhead bar or rail, along
which the trolley is moved, taking Its
current from the wiring or Il feeder.
To the trolley are attached short chains
ending in hooks, so that the animals
can be easily fastened to it. The "hog-
killing wheel" as it is termed, also
revolves by electric power.-Scientific
American.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1902-09-17

barrels, while one company operates
q mill for making bagging for hama.
AS 100000 packages may be filled "a a
week with liquid and solid food, the
economy of this plan is apparent. Ever
in the preparing of what is known aa
canned corned beef the tins are filled
" til the cooked meat by machinery,
the contents Of each package being
nodded so that they fit to nicely.
After filling and soldering, the pack
age is placed in boiling water, then
hole IS made in the top to allow the
gas to escape, and it is resoldered.
keeping the contents in good condition
for a period of years in any climate.
The trolley system is being used not
only in the abattoirs for transferring
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1902-09-17
Object of Corn Cultivation.

The Object Of Corn Cultivation IS
three-fold: To destroy weeds, to con-
serve moisture and to make available
latent soil fertility. In wet season
the chief value is to destroy weeds. he
member that weeds rob the corn crop
of moisture which in dry season IS
needed very much. If the early part
of the season is wet and the latter
part dry, particularly at caring time,
the damage done by weeds may
amount to half the value Of the crop.
The best time to kill weeds Is just
after they germinate. Cultivate, there
fore. on hot, sunshiny days when the
weed will soon die.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1902-09-17
Whom tho End is Near.


The following powerful description
of a drowning mans sensations is
quoted from Francis Howard Will
iams's story in the Lippincott, called
"De Profundis."
Salt water is running out Of his nos
trils and his eyes are void of. all save
blackness and throbbng yellow spots
not all yellow-white and yellow; dais.
les, daisies! 4 field full of them. How
familiar is that old upland rounding
against the blue. He plucks a flower
for his hat band and lifts his bare feet
high lest the sharp grass cut his toes
boys in the country learn to be so
shrewd in these matters. All. mead.
ow-lark! It's third of century since
Dalrymple killed it with stone, and
he wishes now that he hadn't. What a
pity. too. that he didn't do the squ:. .e
thing in his settlement with G. Q. Jar.
Wis Il CO. last winter. He got them on
the hip in the stock panic and broke
them up. Mrs Jarvis was giving piano
lessons to keep the family afloat at last
accounts. Mr.. Dalrymple thought how
he should like to send her snug check
if he could only get to his desk-his
desk with its neat inkstand and clean
blotting pad, which seemed so far of
and unattainable.
""Tlck, tick No, not that! The roll
Of the organ. out from the chancel and
far down the nave-the long, with
drawing roar of the ebb.
"He was pushing hard against wat.
nry masses. but his muscles quivered
and refused 10 act. What is this
strange impotence? The rushing in his
ears is as sigh of God"