davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1902-01-29
THRILLING ESCAPE.
travelling man Washed Down an Icy
fsnec,a1 pispatch TO The Times.l :

fSpeciaI Dispatch TO The Tines
WINCHESTER. VA. Jan: - 7SrnSs ss
-, ne from drowning of Upton l.. Dorssy
and 3, F. pyle. a travelling salerraan. The
two men left here several weeks ago Ia .
double team for the mountainous seS't0A-
west of Winchester. >...bfor,.-,e.,.
They attempted TO cross Northlor ii near tl,
Petersburg. w Va. the other Jay, ,, aIo
as the horses entered the s,lSaia IL, ti, ~.
, ,no men were carried down in the icy
river rive Heavy rains had swollen the
stream. The men managed to climb to tne
i LODI against the other side OF the rag.
ing river.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1902-01-29
SpotsyIyanIa Items.

Especial Dispatch to The Tincs.)
SPOTSYLv-ANIA COURTHOUSE, VA,
Jan. 2S-Mr a. w. Massey, the county
surveyor is critically i'll at his home near
Post Oak.
Mr.. Lee J. Graves, the CONFERENCE.-The
attorney here has just returned from
William Harrison, q; young white man..
is lodged in Jail here for thirty days for
stealing money from Mr.. James Carter.
The personal property of the late Will
liam Seay was sold Saturday at public
auction
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1902-01-29
CHARTER GRANTED.
Georgia Railway aud Electric Company Has
Capital o. s3,t0o,0o0.
(By ASSOCIATED Press. }

,517-91-.e-1.--- Iby Itssuclatcu fresS.1
ATLANTA, GA, Jan. 2S.-The Secre-
tary Of State to-day granted charter
to the Georgia Railway and Electrical
Company to maintain and operate a sys-
tenn of street railways and electric light
ing plant in this city for q term of one
hundred and one years. The company
is capitalized with a stock of 100000.
The names of the 1ncorporators are H. NJ.
Atkinson, D. S. Arllwright, r. z. Gull
liname, S. ]. Bradley, n. B. Lipscomb.
f. H. Sisk, G.. W. Brine, j. Ct. Ross
man, J. r. Hunter and W. B. Stovall,
all of Atlanta.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1902-01-29
KILLED BY A TRAIN.
Mitchell Parker and Wreck Of Buggy Carried
on the CoY>Catcher.
(special Dispatch to The Times.)

lSpeci1I -DlSpatch 10 The 1l4Hs9'7
SUFFOLK, VA, Jan. 2S.-NIitchell Park
er was fatally injured as q result
of being struck by Il train near
Kilby Station about 6 O'Clock this eve
ming He was returning from his. mill
in the county, and crossed the track just
ahead of fast Seaboard Air Line eX-
press, which threw the horse fifteen feet
and killed it, smashed the buggy and car
ried Parker and the buggy top several
hundred feet on the cow-catcher
Parker was brought to his home IN
Suffolk and died at 9:I5 O'Clock tonight.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1902-01-29
Car Struck Wagon.

There was a crashing collision between
a Passenger and Power Company car
and a coal wagon at Laurel and Cary
Streets yesterday. Loaded or the
wagon was a long counter, which e3teh"-
ed far over either side Two men were
in the wagon at the time one standing on
ton of tn counter he was thrown Off
and caught beneath the tumbling piece OF
furniture. but escaped with a spralned
ankle. The track was blocked some ut
tie while, but little further damage re-
suited.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1902-01-29
SCHLEy LEFT CHICAGO.
Will Always Remember Cordially OF Welcome
lie Received.
fRT Associated Pres..l

CHICAGO. ILL, Jan. 2S.-Admiral
Schley left Chicago to-day alter three
days visit. AS his private car Voilea our
of The Dearborn Station on the Monoa
Road for Louisville, the ct;eers of hun
dreds of citizens echoed throu.;1 the big
train-shed For twenty minutes heiore
the train started the Adnrll held
Misunderstanding levee on the rear platform
of the car.
President Munger. Of tne Hamilton
Clup escorted the city's guest to the sta
ton. Before he left the Admiral SAD:
II have had a most delightful v1sit /
shall always carry affectionate remeni-
brance of the cordial and hospltapie Wei
come I have received from the pe'i'e CT
Chicago.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1902-01-29
THE ROCKETS CLUB.
This Organization Perfected and Meetings Are
TO Be Held Weekly.

The Rockets Democratic Club was or
gained last night at No. 5216 Lester
Street, with the following officers:
President. James c. Welsh: Nlce-fresi-
dent, Thomas Tucker; Secretary. Frank
II. Welsh: Sergeant-at-Arms, Joseph
Neasle: Executive Committeeman, James
c. Welsh and James II. Smith; Treasurer,
n j. McGiffin.
Meetings will be held every Tuesday
night at No. 3216 Lester Street, and all
candidates are invited to attend.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1902-01-29
STATE BANK TAX CASE.
Mr.. RoyalI Receives Notice That it Will Be
Argued Friday.

Mr.. William L. Eoyalr has been no1i-
fed that the case Of the Sank OF Iron
Gate VS.. Brady, involving the constltu-
tionality of the ten per cent. tax on
State banks. will be argued in the ohlted
States Supreme Court on FRIDAY.
The case is one of much interest. Mr.
Hovall issuefl 500 notes of circulation and
internal Revenue Collector Brady at
ternpted TO collect so tax. Colonel
Brady's deputy levied, and Mr.. Royall
maid the tax and brought the suit winch
now comes up for argument.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1902-01-29
MISS JOHNSTON ILL.
Noted Virginia Authoress at Johns Hopkins
Hosnital, Baltimore.

Miss Mary Johnston. tho virginia siri
Who has won distinction in the literary
world as a novelist, is at the Johns Hop
kins Hospital in Baltimore, having, It is
said. gone there for a much needed rest.
The statement that Miss Johnston Went
to Baltimore for surgical treatment IS dc
MED by the officials of the hospital.
DR.. Hurd, the superintendent of the hos
pital. said that Miss Johnston's condition
was not such as to give her friends any
concern whatsoever.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1902-01-29

the hand-claps which the distinguished
seaman received en- route that his right
rand was nearly out of business, as the
.dnlirai explained
Tbs, Admiral made no speeches on tho
srain. although at some of the stops 10
spoke a few words of greeting tie ap-
reared on the platform at every station
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1902-01-29
4 Church Hill Grove.

Tho Extension Committee of the Grand
Grove of Virginia. Omitted Order of
Druids. including similar committees from
subordinate Groves. will meet at Belvl-
1ere Hall Tonight, at O'Clock
fnr the nurposc of considering the insti-
t,,tion Of a new Grove Of Dr,,idss. on
church Hill All Druids are cordially
mkt ed to be present.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1902-01-29
Approved Measures.
fRr Associated ItnssN

MEXICO CITY, jan 3-The Pan
American Conference approved the inter
national sanitary measures. The Argen-
tine delegates refused to favor the pro-
jects, owing to their objections to sane
ton the creation of an international san
itary bureau with headquarters at Wash
ington. They have combated the same
idea in connection with other proposed
conventions.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1902-01-29
Greeted by Crowds.



LAFAYETTE, IND, Jan. "a thous-
and nersons were congregated at the rail-
road station to greet Admiral Scniey
during the short stop OF the Monon
train here to-day. The Pur Tue soiiese
veil was given Justify. All along tl!e me
after leaving Chicago the Admiral was
compelled to appear on the 's'lc Ftatio, "a
of his car in response to caear-. lie
shoot, hands with as many as possible,
hut made no speeches.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1902-01-29
To Hear Miss Parrish.

1t is expected that large number n, 70 Of
Madison Street. Saturday night to hear
Miss Celeste S. Parrish. OF the Randolph
Macon College 1T Lynchburg. lecture. on
."rhe Educational Outlook in Virginia.
This lecture will be given under the
auspices OF the Richmond Education AS
,iofi an
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1902-01-29
HUNTER MCGUIRE MEMORIAL.
Executive Committee Calls General Meeting
of Association.

The Executive Committee of the Hunter
McGuire Memorial Association at a. meet
ing held yesterday afternoon decided 10
call a general meeting Of the ASSOCIATION
10 be held at Lee Comp Hall FEBRUARY
nth. ats P. M. for the discussion Of mat
ters relating to the monument.
Neither the site nor the design for the
memorial to the eminent surgeon has
vet been adopted.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1902-01-29

years ago, and that her husband had
never given her anything in the way
Of clothing. Her husband. she said, had
nailed up her own house against her.
Further, Mrs. Rhodes alleged that her
husband had kicked and beaten her.
Rhodes admitted having slapped her, but
said he had done nothing else.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1902-01-29
For the Grand Ledge.

The committee from Marshall Lodge,
No. 70. Knights of Pythias. upon enter
tainment Of the Grand Lodge, which VIII
meet here i'll February, meets TINS even
ing at No 723 East Main Street to COM
n,ete ARRANGEMENT of the programme.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1902-01-29
N C. BEDFORD Back.

Mr. \. C. BEDFORD and John Butler.
vino went as delegates to the Bricklayers
Union Convention, in Pittsburs, returned
yesterday. ,;..-,,,r-
Nj. BEDFORD figured IN the Ilt'soulS
o,,rte while away, as the result OF an
a1tercation with a negro porter in
pittsburg hotel He was tried and &C
Quilted.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1902-01-29
Grav-Rilliams.
.ei,l Dl.natch to me VIn,esl

Especial Dispatch to The Tin,es.)
RoXBURY. VA. Jan. es.-The mar
rage of Mr.. George Gray. OF Richmond.
and Miss Herseiia Williams will take
mace tonight tWednesday) at Pro-i-
dence VI. f. Chnrrn at O'Clock The
bride-elect Is a beautiful daughter of Mr..
and Mrs j. a. Williams of Qpinton, Va
The sroom-elect is q business young man
OF Richmond.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1902-01-29
WELL-KNOWN MAN KILLED.
Mark 3. BartIeson Shot as Result Of Alterea.
ton.
CBy Associated Press. J

1By AssoclatcI PfeSs.J
MIAMI. FLA, Jan 2S.-Mark f. Bartle-
son. one of the best known travelling men
in the South, representing q Macon house,
was shot and killed here this morning
by James o. Williams. @ this city. The
men had been together Considerably last
night. and the shooting was the result of
an alteration in which both men clinch-
ed. Williams leaving and returning subse-
uucntly with a pistol and shooting with
in = store, here.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1902-01-29
TEXAS Err
IN PATRICK TRIAL { ] 1
Continued From First Page.>

mission Of any testimony as. to the check,
ss5. COO. purporting to have been given Ds
Rice to patrick. or as to the viii of l9oa'
The assistant district attorney was very
persistent as to the latter, and the re-
corder finally told him that he was an
'noying the court.
The check for s65, 600 was never present
ed for payment and the court ruled that
it was not pertinent to the crime
Baker estifed to the best of his belief
the will OF 1900 the two checks for s25,-
600 each and the cremation letter were
foroerieS
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1902-01-29
Woman Acquitted of Murder.

Especial Dispatch to The Timcs.l
NEWPORT NEWS, VA, Jan. 2S.-Fan-
ME Bourne, charged with murder of Louis
Maffao. was acquitted to-day at Warwick
Courthouse, the defense proving that the
man shot himself.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1902-01-29
.ALLINI { ED
IN TIE CH00LS
Matter Of Kindergartens Now
Before Committee Of the
Board-New Teachers.

A good deal of interest is felt in every
movement for the improvement of the
Richmond schools.
The board is gradually adding new sub
jects to the curriculum and in various
ways increasing the efficiency of all the
schools. The next move is for kindergar-
tens. A committee OF citizens has ap-
peared before the board and asked that
the wisdom and feasibility OF having KIN
dergarten attachments to the schools be
looked into This will be done promptly.
a committee, with Major Capers as
chairman, was appointed to take the mat
ter up and diligently consider 1T and
make report at an early meeting OF the
board.
The people of Fulton are at this time
considerably interested in the reorganiza-
ton of the Nicholson-Stre school, which
will take place at the beginning OF the
second half session. Then, II the NUMBER
of pupils justify it, two additional teach
ers will be appointed by the City Superln-
tendent, Mr.. Fox. These VIII pc ma l1 1!t
as usual, from the top OF the reserve list:
The capacity of the N1cholson - tieo
school has almost been doubled oL1 the
improvements recently made there: Iere e
tofore not all the grammar SradeS my I've Z
been taught here, the higher grades go
ing to the Bellevue school. But It is e1-
pected with the establishment OF all tiie
gra mmar grades in this School the pupllS
of Fulton will all attend school there.
This will require an increase OF the Teach
ing force.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1902-01-29

Miss Kate O'Neil. of the High school,
has resigned. to take effect next Friday:
For several years Miss O'Neil mas taugnt
to accept a more lucrative position -, IN
the public schools of Newark, n; J.. me
position will probably be 1llled by ap-
pointment by the superintendent
Mr.. Charles P. Walford, clerk and su-
pervisor of schools, who has been , SICK
with malarial fever, is better. DR.. Stone
is Mr.. Walford's. physician.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1902-01-29
Retention to Dr.. Cecil,

The annual reception to the pastor of
the Second Presbyterian Church was
given last night. Rev DR.. Cecil and his
the church. a large number of people.
many ofwhom belongedto other churches
called.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1902-01-29

The Afternoon Euchre Cluc will meat
ar tl,e residence of Mrs II. y. Williams,
No. East Grace Street, on Friday IN
.tn,S Of Thursday next.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1902-01-29

pro tenn of the Senate for years, is In
the city.
Mr.. Hurt is on visit and is enjoying
the Constitutional Convention debates.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1902-01-29

Ex-Statc Senator John L. Hurt. of
Tittsylvania county, who was president
The Owosso times., 1902-07-11
Money In Circulation.

The money in circulation on July l
showed a decrease of over 81, 800, 900 for
the month Of June, but an increase of
over $69, 100000 as compared with the
corresponding date last year. The
changes in items during the month
were of little consequence. For the
twelve months the gold coin showed q
decrease of little over 81, 100, 900,
while gold certificates showed an in
crease of nearly SOL, 400, 900. Standard
silver dollars showed an increase of over
$2, 900, 900, and silver certificates gain
Of 81, 100000. Subsidiary silver showed
an increase of over SO, 100, 900. Treasury
notes of 1890 show decrease of over
$17, 600, 900, while United States notes
show an increase of nearly So, 800, O00
and national bank notes a gain of a
little over 100000. The total circula-
tion on July amounted to $2,246, 529, :
41s. On the basis of population esti-
mated by the treasury experts at 49,
117,OOO, the circulation per capita is
$sS.4O This represents decrease of IA
cents for the month, but an increase of
40 cents as compared with the CORE
spending date last year.-Toledo Blade.
The Owosso times., 1902-07-11


The Owosso and Corunna business
men will play ball at h latter place
Thursday next.
Owossos Lilliputian strike would
makegood comic opera in the hands of
Sir Arthur Sullivan. Nobody could ask
for better situation than the solitary
street car, the angry mob of eleven
strikers and the police clubbing their
way through TO rescue the lone high
school graduate who was handling the
motor.-St. Johns News.
The socialists of Michigan evidently
desire to recognize Shiawassee county.
AT their state convention held in Detroit
Saturday evening they nominated
Shepard Cowles. of New Lothrop, for
governor and Elias Hare, Sr., Of Hazel
ton, for commissioner of the state land
Office.
Twenty-eight years ago Tuesday Phi
lonzo Taylor sold oats at soc bushel
and they had not reached that figure
since until Tuesday of this week, when
Mr.. Taylor again sold some at the same
figure. But still some people think it
very hard times and remark, 1--WE
ought to have change in the admins
tration as the republican party have
had it long enough" ''Let well
enough alone. "-Laingsburg News
The Owosso times., 1902-07-11

Rather funny after all that the
Detroit News should find it necessary to
get such warm bunch of fictitious
interviews condemning Governor Bliss
so early in the campaign. But perhaps
the News wished to make the democrats
believe that they had an easy job before
them.
Secretary of the Navy Moody seems
to think that the way to make the joint
army and navy September manouvres
on the Atlantic coast success will be to
keep the press as much in the dark re-
garding the plans and movements as
though it We're genuine case of attack
and defence. The prediction is ven
tured that he will find the common
enemy" as he would have the press re-
garded, more than match for both
sides. w .
The Owosso times., 1902-07-11

1t looks as if West Main street would
surely be paved this summer. AT the
recent Municipal League meeting
Mayor Bible, of Ionia, showed the alder
man of Owosso, how any street can be
paved by resolution alone, and it is said
the council. since receiving this enlight-
eminent, means to go ahead and pave.
At the quarterly meeting of the Estey
Manufacturing Company, this week,
Col. j. Grey Estey was chosen to succeed
his father, recently deceased. as presi-
dent of the concern. Mr. Estey holds
his rank of colonel from the fact that he
commands a regiment of the Vermont
National Guard
The Owosso times., 1902-07-11
Byron.

Ray Welch is home from Saginaw
Ike Luslz is home on a visit-Dr. VIM.
Harper, of Henderson, spent the Fourth
in Byron-G. S. Lewis and wife visit
ed at Mt Pleasant last week-Rev.
Gibbs and wife, of Iowa, were guests of
Jabez Close and wife the Fourth
Mrs. J. L. Emmett and daughter, of
Howell, spent the Fourth in Byron
Mr.. E. Burlingame has returned after
an extended visit at Perry and Shafts
burg - Rev. Thomas Rowland prepar-
ed an address for the Fourth, but on ac-
count of the time for the address being
set for the afternoon. and other attrac-
tions, base ball, racing and merry go
rounds being in full blast, there were
no people at the grove to talk to and
the Grafton didn't come off. On Sunday
evening on invitation of Rev. E. A.
Cross Rev Rowland delivered his adj
dress at the NJ. E. church.
The Owosso times., 1902-07-11

THE TIMES is pleased to aclno wledge
the receipt of an autograph copy of Gen.
r. A. Alger's book on the Spanish
American war. The book is published
by the Harpers, which is sufficient
guarantee of the manner in which it is
made. 1t contains 466 pages and has
numerous maps of the Cuban battle
fields. The cover design is an appro-
pirate one. A fine portrait of the author
is given in the frontispiece. The book
presents the story of the war as seen by
the general, then the secretary of war,
from the inside. 1t will always be Of
value as containing an authoritative
statement of many important phases Of
the war. Naturally it gives the gen.
erals side of the story in some much
discussed phases where the general or
his subordinates had been subjected to
considerable criticism, but that fact
does not lessen its value. Even those
who assailed General Alger will be COM
PEELED to admit that he has defended his
course, where the book may be called a
defense, with fairness.
The Owosso times., 1902-07-11
Venice.

Bert Stewart, of New Lothrop, was
calling Oh friends here last week.
Mrs. L. Fulton spent the Fourth with
her daughter, Mrs. B. Whitehead
Wesley Simpson, who has been visiting
at II. NJ. Olney's recently, has returned
to his home in Alabama-Born, to
Mr.. and Mrs. Sam Martin, July I'd,
fine baby boy-NIiss Hannah Pierson
is making visit in Pennsylvania. She
expects to be gone some time-NIiss
Mabel and Eva Lonsby spent the Fourth
in Montrose with relatives-B. w.
Calkins sold two fine cows to James
Martin, of Owosso, last week-Frank
White, while working on a barn for
Frank Frasier Jr., fell about twenty
feet and was badly hurt Miss Flor
ence Lonsby entertained compan from
away the Fourth-Every body is
going to see Buffalo Bill rain or no
rain-AIiss Lillian Sprague, of Owos-
so, is spending her summer vacation
with her grandma-Geo. Thursby,
who has been visiting at L. A Lonsbys
returned to his home in Birch Run last
Tuesday-The South Venice Farmers
Club will be entertained at the home of
Mr.. w. Bingham next Thursday-No
wonder Eta is so smiling. Billie has
bought fine driving horse.
The Owosso times., 1902-07-11
New Haven

F. A. Brown entertained his brother
and family from Lansing last week.
Peter Dumond Sr. lost valuable horse
this week. Miss Amy Requa has given
up her school for next year at Dist. No.
8 and has accepted a position with the
Owosso schools-Bert Clark is work
ing for H. Bussell through haying-
James Tuttle expects to arrive home
from the west this week, where he had
gone for his health, but has been grow
ing worse, as the climate does not agree
with him--Miss Clara Wildermuth is
dress-making this week in Owosso-
Fred Amos returned home July s.
VIM. Linzey purchased several head of
cattle last week--Geo. Bignall drives
fine new carriage-Born to Mr. and
Mrs. Melvin Haughton, son, July 4th
Caroline Schautz entertained
her children and a few friends at her
home in the evening of July 4th. A
very ENJOYABLE time was had.
The Owosso times., 1902-07-11
Home Missionary Officers.

The w. H. NJ. 8. of the First NJ e.
church has elected the following new
officers:
President-Mrs. Clara Hopkins
1st Vice President-Mrs. A. E. Ferry.
cd Vice Pres.-Mrs. j. p. Warner.
Sd Vice Pres.-Nrs. G. p. Pitts.
Cor. Secy Mrs. H. H. Daniels.
Rec. Secy.-Mrs. E. e. Lohnes.
Mite Box Secy.-Mrs d. r. Salisbury
Home Missions Secy. Geo. Det-
wiler.
Treasurer-Mrs. Ct. B. Hitler.
The Owosso times., 1902-07-11

If the report of the army board on
changes in uniform is adopted heavy
wooden and flannel suits will hardly be
in vogue in the United States army
hereafter during the summer months.
Khaki is recommended for the summer
uniform. The change has been of ne
cessity already made in number of in
stances and the official change is but
another step in making our small army
the most effective.
The Owosso times., 1902-07-11

Germany sold nearly two million dol
lars worth more Ct goods to the United
States during the fiscal year just ended
than during the preceding year. One
of two things seems evident. Either
her fears of American encroachment
were not as well grounded as the Ger
mans themselves pretended or else the
measures which they have taken to
combat the American advance in that
country have already begun to work.
AS long, however, as Americans con-
tinue to give their attention to the i'm
provement of machinery and methods
and look out for the proper education of
the American laboring class there will be
little need of fearing that the American
supremacy already felt in Europe will
be lost
The Owosso times., 1902-07-11

A presidential appointment was an
nounced yesterday which takes on
a local interest today. II was the ap-
pointment of Col. William F. Cody, who
as Buffalo Bill is in the city today with
his wild west show, as Buffalo Warden
of Yellowstone Park with salary of
81. 800 year. His duties are to gather
butfaloes into the park and see that they
have proper care so that they may in
crease
The Owosso times., 1902-07-11

Sealed proposals will be received by
the democratic state central committee
from those individuals who think Gov
Bliss an easy mark and would like to
run for governor. Prompt replies will
save the committee the embarrassment
of being compelled to make a draft,
and will lend show of color to the
hopeful enthusiasm expected of party
during the campaign. Johns Re-
publican.
The Owosso times., 1902-07-11

And still General Spaulding, of Mich
igan, holds his position in the treasury
department! 1t is moreover suggested
that if he holds it until some man is
discovered who is more competent than
he for the position, or even half as COM
petent, he is quite likely to hold the
nOsition for life