davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1902-08-17

tiers or evidence against oneself)." In
classic myth, Bellerophon, having COM
mitted an offense at the court at Argos,
and being protected there by the rites
of hospitality. was sent away to the
King of Lycia with a sealed letter re-
questing that king to put the bearer to
death. Hence letters Of this sort were
called Bellerophon's letters Bacon
undoubtedly made the entry to remind
him of this device in case of literary
need. But he never utilized the hint
in any of his acknowledged writings.
Now the letter which Hamlet carried
with him from the king Of Denmark.
his uncle, to the king of England, was
precisely such a Bellerophons letter.
2: Bacon devoted a part Of one of
the folios in his .'Promus" to the sub
ject OF salutations. Among them an
pear Good morrow" and "albada" Mr..
Reed somewhat arbitrarily CLOSES the
latter as good dawning,' from the
Spanish alborada, dawning. Then he
goes on to say that this salutation, en-
tered as an experiment in Bacons pri-
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1902-08-17

belong to the victor. From this 1t was
but a step to irresponsible party lead
erShip or bOSSism. The party ma
chine has thus in some cases become
close corporation managed for the
exclusive benefit of it's members and
has been able by fair means or foul to
control primaries, conventions, nomin-
atoms, appointments and legislation,
subject only to the condition that it
remain true to the main principles of
party policy. The machine can over
ride the will Of the majority Of the
party in all minor matters, it can be
self seeking and corrupt, yet the loyal
ty Of the members to the great princi-
pies of national policy which can only
be carried out through the party make
them vote at the polls for the nominees
Of the machine.
Frankly recognizing the necessity
for the party and the party leader,
we must strive to make the party ma
chine truly representative organiza-
ton and the party boss a truly respon-
sible leader. To do this will require
much earnest investigation, consulta-
ton and effort. We can as yet do little
more than state the problem. Some
change in our formal governmental or
ganization will probably be necessary
as we'll as changes in party organiza-
ton. The extension of the merit sys-
tenn, the adoption of the referendum
in legislation, the diminution of the
number of elective offices, the in
crease of the powers Of the governor,
the separation Of municfpaY, national
and state elections, will all probably
assist in the reform. The referendum
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1902-08-17

" T HAS BEEN my judgment for a
long time, independent of all
questions of reciprocity and trade
II relations, that Cuba would inev-
itably become part of the United
States. This being the case, have
believed the sooner the annexation was
oonsummated the better it would be
for both nations. Consequently I in
troduced in the senate, toward the end
of the recent session, my resolution
providing for annexation. Since then
l have been a good deal criticised.
1t has been claimed that the resolu-
ton is untimely and an offence to
Cuba by even suggesting annexation
at this time. The letter and spirit of
the resolution furnish no ground Of
offence. The resolution provides that
Cuba must take the initiative, and only
when she asks for annexation can the
United States take action. Under the
resolution, if Cuba fails to ask to be
admitted as a state, there can be no
annexation. There has been no time
within the last fifty years when the
people of Cuba, if they could have had
their choice, independent of Spain,
would not have gladly consented to be-
come a state in the American union.
Then, why should it be any cause of
offence now that she is free, largely
by the grace of the United States, to
simply indicate our willingness that,
in the event it should be her wish to
become state, We would consent?
Texas, after gaining her independence
by the Valor and heroism of her people,
alone and unaided, did not regard it
an offence to be asked to come into
the American union as a state. The
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1902-08-17

vate commonplace book, circa 1896, has
since appeared but once in English
print, viz: in King Lear" first pub
lished in 1908. AS to good morrow"
he believes that had been used in Eng
land only once before the date of the
"Promus." Yet it occurs one hundred
and fifteen times in the Shakespearean
plays that postdated the ''Promus."
l confess that these condolences
leave me unmoved. The device used by
Bellerophon might have occurred to a
dramatist who had never heard of Bel
lerophon, and in any event Shake
speare as well as Bacon might have
heard of Bellerophon. The identity Of
"albada" with good dawning is not
proved, and, if proved, it would prove
nothing in favor of Bacon or against
Shakespeare. Good morrow was
probably popular. locution long before
1t crept into literature, and it's appear
ance there before Bacon's "Promus" is
acknowledged.
Let US take a few Of the parallel
isms" between Shakespeare's plays and
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1902-08-17
Of Nest Virginia.

about two-f ifths Of the lands Of Cuba
has come under use and cultivation
Her vast forests Of timber are sub
Stantially untouched and her iron ore
deposits scarcely opened. Her fruit
industry is neglected.
IT Cuba were a state in the American
union all this would be changed; the
investor would have confidence that
capital would be protected; the unap-
propriated lands would come into use
and their value multiply; her forests
would be taken, her iron mines would
be opened, her commerce on sea and
land would increase, her towns and
cities would grow in population, and
her people would soon be as prosper
Gus as any in the world Americans
would seek homes there and engage in
business with the certainty Of the
largest measure of success.
There was a long discussion and
fierce opposition to the annexation OF
TexaS-much more, think, than there
will be to the annexation Of Cuba
but it came at last as surely as the
annexation Of Cuba will Acme. There
is not loyal and true American to be
found within the confines Of the re-
public who would give up Texas, and
within few years after Cuba becomes
state in our union not an American
will be found willing to part with the
island.
Under the circumstances, having
been generous beyond measure to
Cuba, having lifted her up and made
her nation among the nations of the
earth, 1t seems right and proper that
the United States should open the way
and make it easy for Cuba to ask for
annexation.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1902-08-17
chay:sd. Minn.

make it almost impossible to act indie
dependently of regularly organized
parties. This has been for the advan-
tage of the politician and office seeker
and not for the benefit of the people
Parties have made issues that were
mere pretextS disregarded by the lead
ers, while questions on the proper set
tlement of which public welfare de-
ponds have been totally neglected
Great combinations continue to Cypress
the people while they are fostered and
maintained by a tariff tax. Labor and
capital war even to riot and bloodshed
While the whole community suffer
from the prostration of trade. The
party in power deserves rebuke, while
the party out of power quarrels over
unreal issues of policy and loses all
confidence by failure to take an honest
stand on the great problems that re.
quire solution. Every independent
movement which will rebuke existing
parties demands encoura cement and
not repressive laws. There should be
more freedom. The nominees Of any
convention of respectable numbers
whether it represents a pre- existing
party or not, should have place on
the ticket without petition or other
tomfoolery.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1902-08-17

probably as few as they would be I'M
der any other plan that could be de-
vised, and, with all it's defects, it prob
ably results in the selection Of a bet
ter class of officials than can be secured
by the choice of small pluralities. The
result of a convention is oftener a mat
ter OF compromise than fraud, and it
seldim dares select a very bad man
like DR.. Ames. Besides, our system
of government cannot be carried on
without compromise, and certainly the
primary does not come nearer people
than the convention with all it's faults,
The unconstitutionality of the pro
vision Of the primary law which re-
quires voter to declare for whom
he voted and for whom he intends
to vote has been sufficiently discussed
and 1t may be easily repealed, but it
should be remembered that that very
provision was placed in the law to pre-
vent the fraud of one party placing
upon another an obnoxious and unfit
candidate, so, after all, there is only
the choice of one of-the horns of the
dilemma.
Never. in the history of the country
has there been a greater demand for
the independent voter, but the tenden-
cy of recent legislation has been to
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1902-08-17

and Bacon mistakably affirm that the
bees have king. But, as Mr.. Reed
himself acknowledges, the blunder was
originally VirgiPs in his Fourth
Georgia:
The bees of a hive are very obsequi-
Gus to their king. They attend him in
crowds, often raising him on their Shout
ders and exposing their own bodies in
his defence.
In fact both Bacon and Shakespeare
drew their knowledge of bees from
books and not from nature, a common
fault among the writer's Of that period.
All which leads up to a general ex-
PLANTATION Of many Of these parallels,
especially such as seem to indicate that
Bacon and Shakespeare had gone to
some common fount Of classic lore.
Shakespeare's Latin was small" his
Greek was less" Many of the au-
thors to whom he was apparently In
debted had not been translated into
English in his day. The difficulty is
easily solved If you remember that in
Elizabethan and Jacobean days the ac-
tors profession was in itself liberal
education. Not only was he thrown in
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1902-08-17

leaders. For this reason and in order
to secure harmony between the nom
1nee and the party, it may be advisable,
whenever g referendum is called for
to make it also a referendum on the
party committee. The choice In the
primary would then be between a-tick-
ct containing the name of the organi-
ZatlOn nominee and the existing COM
mittee, and one containing the name
of an opposing candidate and COM
mittee favorable to him. This would
probably prove a most simple and eff
fective method of turning down an
incompetent or corrupt district, city
or state organization and the posi-
bility of its exercise would serve as &
strong additional check on irresponsi-
bility. e1
A truly representative and respon-
sible party organization means the
strongest possible party organization
Party bosses must at present resort to
force and strategy to secure obedience
to their commands; they are distrusted
and disliked by large portion of the
party members and as a result the
number of independent voters is grow
ing. We think of the great strength
of the boss, but in reality his strength
is weakness itself as compared with
the strength of true leader backed
by epresentatively organized and
united party. The right to the refer
endum on all convention nominations
seems to be the most promising move
toward the attainment of responsible
party organization, and this will of
course result in better city, state and
national government.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1902-08-17
BY =. =. Drebert.

majority, act as convention and nom
mate one of the candidates. Why go
through with this red tape, machinery
and expense to maintain the pretense
of a sham primary election when this
pretended reform was ro1sted upon
the state, after infficting a DIR. Ames
upon Minneapolis? Minnesota already
had a very good caucus law which
protected the people measurably we'll
from the socalled boss, in the selection
of delegates to the convention. Legis-
lation should have been along the line
of perfecting the caucus law and leav-
ing the convention, which, as before
stated, arose from the needs and nee
essities of rule through parties. The
very fact that the convention was nee
essary was acknowledged when it was
retained for the nomination Of state
officers under the plea that it was
necessary for the maintenance Of party
organization. Those who admitted this
were short-sighted in realizing that
if it was necessary for the party or
ganization in the state, it was also nee
essary for the party organization in the
counties, the districts and probably
the municipalities. 1t is not denied
that there are sometimes frauds in
the convention system, but they are
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1902-08-17

nority. In the convention there can be
no minority candidate. The nominee
must get majority of the delegates,
who generally represent the will of
their constituents, and, as a rule, the
majority of the people get their sec
ond choice if not their first. The con-
vention is in the very line of our
theory, viz: Government through and
by representatives, An illustration of
the absurdity to which the primary
plan may be had is furnished, by this
(Fillmore) county. The county has
two representatives and a senator in
the legislature. In the village of
LanesbOro there are three self-an-
nounced candidates and all three of
them might easily be nominated while
a large majority of the vote of the
county would be divided among other.
candidates. Is not a law which per-
mits such a result absurd?
The tendency of the primary cleo
ton law to nominate minority candi-
dates it's most ardent advocates have
at length been forced to admit and
they propose a remedy which is sim
ply a confession of the absurdity of
the law. They propose that delegates
be elected at this primary election
who shall, if no candidate receives a
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1902-08-17
The Party Convention a Natural Growth,

Changes in laws should only be made
after the most careful consideration.
Each generation has only few law
giVers. Blackstone remarks that some
times laws are so old that the pur-
pose for which they had been enacted
had been forgotten but their repeal
soon demonstrated their use and nee
essity. Incompetent ignorance is the
curse of almost every legislature. Men
anxious to pose as reformers inf1ict up
on the people laws which only make
mischief, until we have the right say
ing that the chief duty of a legislature
is to repeal the enactments of a pre-
vious one. These laws, especially born
of custom, which have grown up grad
ually to meet the wants of society and
are the result of experience, can sell
dom be changed without great risk
of harm. The laws of business, for in
stance, are the result of the needs of
business as shown by experience. SO
are the methods and customs Of gov
eminent by party rule. Caucuses and
conventions have been adopted because
they are the best means of obtaining
the result desired. There has been a
great cutlery of late years about boss
rule and corrupt practices, in caucuses
and conventions, but such charges
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1902-08-17
Shakespeare Bacon Parallels.

her name from the Greek word
to shake, evidently in reference to the
spear she held in her right hand.
"She was thus the Spear shaker, or
Shake-spear, Of the Greek drama"
The object of Mr.. Reeds present
book is to point out Identities in word
and thought between Shake speare"
and Bacon, as the latter appears in his
published works, and especially in the
"Promus," sort of commonplace book,
it will be remembered, wherein, during
the years 1594-96, Bacon jotted down
notes for future elaboration. The Ba-
contains emphasize the fact that this
was not given to the public until two
centuries after his death.
Mr.. Reed evidently conceives that his
most important finds in the 'Promus''-
inasmuch as he draws special attention
to them in his preface-are the two
following:
1. An entry in the 'Promus" reads:
"Bellerophon's Letters (producing let
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1902-08-17
By George Harvey.

lionaire. Under present conditions
even the junior members of wealthy
families must have house in town,
country place in Westchester, and
villa at Newport. To accomplish
all this the would-be Benedict is oblig-
-ed to resort to the most desperate ex-
pedients. His grandfather Is
compelled on his account to invest in
real estate and to work from morning
until night in dingy offices. His
grandfather must also toll, and his
father, by keeping pretty steadily at
the tread-nill, may fulfill all the con-
ditions necessary to the successful
launching Of the matrimonial craft of
the descendant.
National legislation on this subject
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1902-08-17
By Ndiam ). )alsh.

the other works Of Bacon. That pur-
suit is better than attainment was
commonplace with the philosophers
long before Shakespeare or Bacon came
into being. Pliny the younger, for ex-
ample, says: "An object rarely attains
in possession the charm that it had in
pursuit" Getters Book H., 15. -. There
is nothing singular in the fact that
both the great Elizabethans repeated
the commonplace. Nor was the repeti-
ton put into words that bear any sin
gular likeness to one another. Shake
speare makes the reflection at least
twice:
All things that are
Are with more spirit chased than enjoyed
Merchant of Venice" Act ii, scene L.
Things won are done, joys soul lies in the
doing.
''Troilus and Cressida. "Act i, scene 2.
Mr.. Reed quotes three parallels from
Bacon. The nearest approach to any
real likeness is in this sentence from
the de Augmentis:''
$50 much pleasanter is it to be doing
than to be enjoying.
But, at best, this is only an approach
to likeness. Again, both Shakespeare
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1902-08-17

contact with the great in rank, but
with the great in mind. His constant
associates We're the choicest wits and
the most learned scholars Of the day
l. e., the dramatists. Nearly all Of these
were college bred. At the "wit-com-
bats in the Mermaid and elsewhere
one may well imagine that keen intel
ligence, an intelligence far inferior to
Shakespeare, might have picked up
wealth Of information and stores OF
classic illusions.
Lastly knowledge was not special
lied then as now. 1t did not present
the vast and bewildering array Of facts
that 1t does now. 1t lay on the surface
Its sources were comparatively few
No one now could say with the six
teenth century Bacon, II have taken
all knowledge to be my province" "A
learned man of that age might be de-
scribed as one who had accumulated
a thorough knowledge Of the various
sorts OF ignorance that had afflicted his
forbears. Now this could be done
through conversation as well as
through books.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1902-08-17

tween them can muster $1,000, the
wedding march may be sounded. The
hopes of the SIS young man are cruel
ly dashed, for officers who get no more
than $3.50 year are forbidden to even
consider the matrimonial contract.
Carping critics may say that the
whole matter might be simplified by
giving every officer in his Majesty's
service at least $1,000. This would
give the business of marrying off the
German army to that Irresponsible
httie deity who goes about With gauze
wings and shoots amorous shafts with
reckless profusion.
cupid is not trusted in GERMANY
and there is growing lack Of conf
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1902-08-17

dence in him here. The United States
has an unwritten code with regard to
the finance of matrimony. A young
lieutenant in her army or navy spends
his salary for uniforms and extra al
loWances for the mess. When he mar
RES he must Of necessity have a pri-
vate income, or he must find the
daughter Of magnate a. something
or other who is willing to share his
lot and his glory until a kind govern
ment increases his rank Sometimes
the larger pay does not come until
he is beyond the pale of forty.
None suffers so keenly the restric-
tons which finance has imposed upon
the married state as the young NH
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1902-08-17

HE referendum in nominal
lions is device that will
serve as a very effective
check on arbitrary and ir-
responsible action by the
party organization. Under this system
no nomination by a party convention
will become the nomination of the par
ty, if within a certain time a petition
signed by a certain percentage of the
enrolled voters of the party is present.
ed asking that the nomination be made
by direct vote of the enrolled party
members. If the convention at the
dictation of the organization proposes
seems to be the wish of a majority of
referendum to decide the nomination
by a direct vote.
It is not at all probable that the
occasion for the actual use of the ref
erendum would often arise, yet the
possibility of it's exercise would prove
most beneficial. The serious threat of
the referendum would ordinarily be
sufficient to cause the party leader
either to accept compromise or to
make the nomination that seemed to
be demanded by a majority of the
party His practical common sense
would not permit him to risk the loss of
prestige that an adverse vote would
cost.
This optional referendum in party
nominations is as superior to the COM
pulsory referendum or the system OF
direct nominations, which is now very
popular with certain reformers and has
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1902-08-17

fish devotion as his, and if she were
truly womanly she would make the
amount buy as many automobile
coats as possible
In view of the perplexed state Of
the public mind on this all-inportant
theme, the recent edict of the German
kaiser comes with authoritative force.
1t sets marks and boundaries, estab-
fishes incomes, social station, and even
limits previous conditions of alimony.
The emperor has promulgated an or
der to the effect that no officer may
marry unless he receives a salary Of
$1,l25 year and is in the enjoyment
of an income of $375 more. That is
to say, if he and his future wife be-
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1902-08-17

might be beneficial. The German en-
peror has gone so far as to say that
the specifications must tell whether
the bride to be is spinster widow, or
divorce, and that the social and moral
status of her father must be succinct-
ly stated. Some of these provisions
If applied to American society would
lead to bewildering and perhaps un-
necessary complications. The bride,
too, according to the wisdom of the
head Of the Teutons, must file an in
ventory of ner origin, education, and
regulation.
These details are hardly in conso-
nance with out institutions, yet there
are certain classifications of aspiring
frances which could be made to adj
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1902-08-17
editor Of Earper's 6,sskiy

vantage. They might be established
on something like this basis:
Bachelors who think the income OF
one is enough for two $4,000.
Bachelors who know the young wo-
men are in love with them, and who
themselves are willing to go without
clubs, cigars, and Wallets, whatever they
may happen to have.
Bank cashiers whose finances havc
extravagant tastes, $4,000 a year.
Millionaires, 100000 year and I'M
limited credit.
With the aid of some of these Ole
World ideas propounded by Wilhelm
II. salutary reforms may be instituted
phere in the taking Of matrimonial OBJ
legations.