davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1902-12-21
BLACK BIBS FOR GRAY Boards.
Newest De> eiOpnent " the Barriers An.
Client Trade.


The newest wrinkle Of the BARRIERS
trade" said the middle-aged man. Il dis
coyered yesterdov in tho LlacL hin
-N.,, ., ,h. -, ,,,' 81 ~,
', VI vi. Nv" i."'u''9 ''"' 'h"'h
the Rreat progress made IN recent years
in tnis ancient calling ] had already Ell
countered | had had my mustaches
done IN in curl poners and ~ l.f, u,bi,o
,La . r $50 IT "' Wv nv
,"r o"oe, was o'ese'ns my iair' l nao
had STRIP OF cotton batting tucked in
around my neck, between the towel and
il, to keep stray splintcrs of bnir from
Irritating mo ubon 7 nod nav i.,rd ,,i,,,,,J.
=, ,'aa.' ''''., '.,,,.,, ~, " ''''''oI
w ",eP su'" sp""'e'S ou' oi my eyes
had had placed over them wire goggcs
with a brdgepiece of lead that could be
freoly ren, an TIM, tho oogyI,s c,,ld bo
odins,ad ,n ,aon % a.. ao.',e.,,., a.,
"'' ,'"'ou' nav,
hau my lace sprayed WIN "ltch haHei
and busted with face powder from spIayers
and dusters that could b., lil. 80 many
rozzles attached tn tho end az n as,ih.
,,h. ha,ai,. T., ,,,r, - 49, ,,,
."'' ''''"h"s ~ '""' W VIC o"' wv c''a'r'
through wh,ch compressed AR was con-
veyed from an AIR compressor somewhere
on the premises. and then had nv face
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1902-12-21

meeting, with its groups Of men gathered
here and there under the giant pine trees.
The machinery of operation il all con-
tanned in the Red Cross shelters, which are
portable, and in times Of peace al the dis
posal Of humane movements. There are
for instance, directors bureau. IA kitchen,
store room, watchman's room, a rest
room and a library. Nearby H. a shed con-
tanning $50 reclining chairs. made com
Portable with cushions and warm coverings
In the garden are various outdoor di-
versions, such as croQuet and bowling
while in other parts Of the grounds less
robust patients will be found playing cards.
checkers or dominos. Each patient brings
with him, on his arrival at A, NJ, a card
from one of the directing physicians. pre-
scribing his medicine. uourishment. and so
When the conditions of this prescrip, ion
have been complied with, the patient IL
free until p, NJ, to sleep, walk, read, work
of play. according to his inclination. The
patients at Jungfernheide, by the way. are
all men.
Although the expense Of trea, ment a.
the open-air cure Is very light. II Is usually
not borne by the patients themselves, in
asmuch a. the laws Of Germany compel
the nation to pay for all necessary atten-
ton to the apacitated members of its
laboring classes.
Thorough and efficient care il given the
patients at Jungfernheide by an executive
stan which seems extraordinarily small.
This is composed OF Red Cross sister a.
general director, a cook, two XII chen
assistants and u night Waterman.
Almost all the medical attention that the
patients receive l. given them in the city,
the days being consecrated tn the simple
absorption of pure air, The director,
however, made competent 10y long hos
pital experience, IL ready for any emer-
gency.
Every week she weighs the patients and
considerable gains in weigh, are the rule
The length of attendance il never def
nitely prescribed but the patients almost
always mend rapidly and the success of The
open-air cure IL considered TO have been
fully demonst rated.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1902-12-21

time of war il WAS only fitting that he
should have some emblem Of his service
in that capacity.
MIR. Mckinley modestly demurred, but
the War Department determined To follow
the example set by the navy, and preparation
was begun ON a design. Frederick d. Owen
making the drafts under the direction Of
Col. Bingham These studies were re-
ferred TO the Secretary of War and the
executive officers OF the Department, and
finally approval was secured for the flag
described in General Order No. IS, OF March
rs, 1898.
Bv the amended Army Regulations the
Presidents flag was to he used when the
President was present on official visits
to for,resses. military posts. at reviews.
or in the field. The official description Of
the flag reads:
The Presidents flag is OF scarlet bunt-
ing. thirteen feet nv and eight feet hoist.
In each corner is a five-poin,ed star OF hVe-
inch radius TO the tips.
In the centre of the scarlet field is q
large fifth star, also OF five points,
fee, Q inches in radius to the tips IN,
side Of this star is a parallel star, separated
wide. The inner star forms blue field
upon which IL the official coat of-arms OF
the United States-agreeably TO the design
of the State Department.
-On the scarlet field around the large
star are forty-five small white stars, one for
each State, equally scattered In the re-
entering angles, and all included within
the circumference OF an imaginary circle
three feet and quarter in radius. In the
upper point, over the eagle. is q constella-
ton OF thirteen stars. representing the
original thirteen States OF the American
Confederation.
MIR. Owen, the designer, thus explains
his purpose: ,. ,,,,,,
the thirteen original States. The thirteen
stars In the constellation grouped as break,
ing through clouds represent national
emergence from war INTO 'he progress Oh
peace. ,..
THE thirteen growths Of green olive
leaves, the thirteen fruits on the oiive
branches and the thirteen arrows also typhy
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1902-12-21

favors OF this kind from Sedan chair, which
Is carried into the ballroom by two OF -four
servants In appropriate livery. Another
equally pretty idea Is Ia give out the flower
favors from a wheelbarrow covered with
artificial flowers.
The flower favorS are both artificial and
natural When made of resh flowers there
Is usually a small nosegay for the ladies and
a boutonniere for the men. and when "A
certain flower figure is determined on by the
leader the nOsegays and boutonneres are
arranged to match. In that case a given
number are distributed at time and each
must find his or her partner by matching
flowers.
A pretty variety OF this figure. which can
be managed when n cotillon is small X to
hide small bit OF paper IN each nosegay
upon which IL written who the finder
partner shall be For instance. the girl who
receives a bunch of lilies may read that
the rose and the lily went walking one
day, which means that she must seek
partner with rose in his buttonhole.
Another young woman learns perhaps
that 4 pink ana "A jonquil are very good
friends, and Immediately. II she holds a
bunch of the yellow flowers, she hunts
mp her carnation
Japanese umbrellas, fans and sprays of
japanese flowers will all have "a steady
vogue this season for cotillon favor- The
first Is unusually popular, perhaps for the
reason that the umbrella figure IL one OF
the pref liest and jolliest that can be in
troduced. This may be danced in two
ways-three dancers in a giolp, the third
holding two umbrellas over the Others. or
in pairs, the man holding aloft both
umbrellas.
There are many other beautiful Jap
anese trife., like lanterns and baskets,
which come in for the cotillon. Indeed
the Japanes" are coming TO the front by
displaying just such goods. A pretty
conceit j. to Introduce them To the dancers
piled up in a Japanese rcksha, which
holds the place Of honor in one corner of
the ballroom.
Beautiful wide sash ribbons
watercd or tafIeta-and long chiffon neck
scarfs have IA place among the favors.
because they are much liked by girls
Both are pretty accessories 10 the toilet
A skilful cotilon leader can do much wi, II
ribbons in improving pretty figures. The
-four-n-hand. for one, IL the outcome of
the use of sash ribbons, and the arch" il
another.
In the first of these figures the leader
affiyes the ribbons 10 four young women and
drives them around the ballroom releas-
ing one after the other az she selects her
partner. In the arch, after partners are
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1902-12-21
About FIRE ALARMS.
Meaning Of the Two Mines and Other sig
nails u the Department.

The sounding Of a -two-nines' alarm by
Deputy Chief Purroy for West Sixty-fifth
street fire the other day caused good deal
of talk among the fremen. The average
citizen. however, does not understand YET
what happened, Here ia some Information
about fire alarms for his benefit.
To begin with, IL 10 common error TO
suppose that anybody can send IN SECOND
alarm or third or fourth from any OF
the Are alarm boxes. A matter OF iact'
nobody except an officer OF the Fire lepart :
any but first alarm, The reason is that
no one but the Fire Department ofncers mas
a kew that will unlock an inner box from
which the extra signals are sent
There are about 800 fire alarm boxes in
Manhattan Another common error about
them is the belief that second or third or
fourt h or fifth alarm can be sent from any
box IN the city. A. a matter Of fact, not hing
hig her than third alarm can he sent from
many boxes, and from some boxes IN Inc
Bronx nothing higher than second alarm
can be sent.
Then, too, a third alarm from one box
does not necessarily call for the same num-
her Of engines and rucks ar from some other
box. For example, there are boxes IN The
Bronx to which on the third alarm only nve
engines 60, whereas to many OF the down
town boxes in Manhattan dozen engines
are called on a third alarm.
What the firemen do to get apparatus AZ a
big fire il easily illustrated by an example.
Take Box ASS. al Thirty-f Oh street and Sew
enth avenue. That is three-aarm box.
II the fire got To three-alarm proportions
and the third was sent in there ought TO be
present force consisting OF eleven engines,
four trucks, a water tower, searchlight,
deputy chief and four battalion chiefs
The chief of the depart ment would also be
present, in all probability.
II lie Jaw that he needed a still larger
force the chief in charge would have to
send to the next nearest box-in this care
45g, al Broadway and Thirty-fourth street
and turn in fourth and nth On the
fourth alarm he would get seven more
engines and one more truck and on the
fifth five more engines and another truck.
Another battalion chief would also come.
Then il the fire was still n big one, the
E ief would have two courses open. The
hr-t would be To -end sIacia calls for each
piece OF apparatus needed.
II he wanted more than two or three
this process would be too long. because
to summon a piece Of apparatus he would
have to send the code signal five. the
number Of the box and the number Of the
piece Of apparatus, The special call IL
often used az small fires to call out hook
and ladder company whose presence il
especially desired.
The alternative is the two-nnes, or.
az il IL sometimes called, the Simultaneous
call. This is essentially an emergency 81 Rnal
Somebody has likened IL to the old three.
skies !, took the place Of that sigma in the de.
partment code but Ia by no means the same
The thr~e-sixee was absolute in that
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1902-12-21

Chlldren's dances held during the alter
nooEas we'll as to those for the grown.
ups.
Moreover, the fame Of the cotillon has
spread to ruralavn. and this sprightly
dance which originally came from France
and until a very few years ago was practi-
cally unknown in this country outsid. If
the large cities, is now intimately associ-
ated with the suburban round Of entertain
ments.
All this makes glad the heart Of the favor.
makers all over the country; for not only
has the popularity OF the cotillon incl eised
tremendously. but ~ has the pc Ilarity Of
the favor. Some people insist that the
favor il mainly responsible for the popu-
larity Of the cotillon. Perhaps il IL.
At any rate, as many as six or seven favor
figures are now usually included in young
peoples cotilon, and the favors ~ a
rule are exceedingly pretty and novel. il
not costly, and quite worth while carrying
home. Then. too, as the name indicates,
their presentation Is mark Of favor from
one sex to the other. hence an element s
introduced which lends interest to the affair
even II it does occasionally leave heart
ache or two behind.
At the more dignifed dances seldom more
than two favor figures are introduced. for
the reason that quantity is subordnated To
quality. Under such circumstances many
of the favors are costly brocaded satin
trifes, jewels. dainty china pieces. porce-
lain or even silverware.
But originality, rather than cost. is no.
ticeable in the aversg &C. cotillon favor. Any
thing and everyt hing, in fact, goes" for that
purpose. Germany, France and Japan
send piles OF pretty things over the seas
every year to he used solely for favors, and
New York's manufactures for the same
purpose are enormous-which goes to prove
that vast sums of money are spent every
year for favors alone
The cheaper grades of French favors.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1902-12-21

older children or by their parents: and
precisely at 8 in the evening, the days
regimen being concluded, the family escorts
again appear to take the patients home.
As the electric cars run directly from Ber-
lin to Schoenholz, transportation Is simple
matter.
Once gathered together for the day, here
is the way in which the little invalids Of
Schoenholz are required to spend their
time. First, each gets his uniform cloak,
hearing his number, and serving always
to protect him from the least excess Of
cold.
At $50 the day IL formally begun with
prayer, in which even the youngest patient
Joins. Then comes breakfast for II is
one Of the essentials Of the Schoenholz
regimen that the patients be we'll fed,
and that frequently. This preliminary
nourishment consists Of a plate of strong
soup and white roll.
BY this time 1t IL O'Clock, and time for
physical exercises to strengthen weak
lungs. Careful teachers direct the respira-
tory and gymnastio drills, which last for
half an hour.
From 10 to II is play-time which the
little ones are encouraged to spend In as
nNtlN IusnOU tHelI btICHBth
Al II. fatigued by their hour and half OF
exercise. they are ready for their second
breakfast with its accompanying generous
supply of milk.
The remainder OF the morning. until 1890,
the children spend according to their physi-
cal needs. Some work In the garden. others
take medicinal baths prepared for them
in one OF the little buildings managed by
the Red Cross nurses, and Others help In
the domestic cares or take their turn at
tending the youngest patients.
Al 1890 O'Clock the children are sup
posed To be hungry again and are seated
AZ "A long table under the trees. this time
for dinner. which consists OF meat, vege-
tables and stewed fruit. After this comes
two hours OF rest, spent In lounginR chairs
or under the trees. when the weather Is
warm enough
Most of The children have found their
day ont of doors sufficiently soothing to
spend this time in sleep. On waking up,
they are stimulated to another play spell
by glass Of milk and roll and from $50
until $50 O'Clock is again devoted to fun
and frolc
STILL another refreshment of soup and
bread and jam is then offered, after which
IN" little invads put IN order for the night
everything that they have used during the
day, And when this u done. they are ready
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1902-12-21

il called out every piece OF apparatus in
large district, say from the Battery TO
Ffty-ninih street. The two-nines Is an
Improvement on the old emergency signal.
can call out one additional engine or every
piece Of apparatus in the whole depart-
inent, 49,.
1t is essentially call to attention: It
is usually sent out as third alarm
from some part Of the city rather distant
from the scene Of the fire. To use .the
imaginary example Of the fire at Seventh
avenue and Thirty-ffth street, the two
mines signal would be sounded In this way:
Nine strokes. repeated once then long
which the first alarm was sent--in this case
45s-then two rounds Of three strokes each.
to signify the third alarm. and then the signal
number of the remote box.
While all this il going on the perfect syn
TEN of the department works no that dis
tricts left uncovered by pieces OF apparatus
called away are to some extent covered up
by engines and trucks from other districts.
Take, for instance. the sit tiation at the tim0
of the sending Of the third alarm from Box
ASS 10 seventh avenue.
When that alarm was sent Engine n
moved from its quarters In West Tenth
street to the headquarters OF Engine ! At
l85 West Tweut y-ninth street and Engine
went from East Fourteenth street To En-
CINE l4s house in East Eighteenth street.
Meanwhile, also, the district WAS being
protected by SECOND" companies, dupli-
Gates Of the companies that had already
gone to the FIRE There are number OF
these doube-company houses In the city.
The best known perhaps is that Of Engine
Company 80 in Great Jones street, whers
Chief Croker has his night quarters. The
second company never goes to the hrst
company's fires unless II is specially called
out.
There are several boxes in the city which
W hon sounded bring strong force OF
fireinen on the first alarm. One Of ths
largest" of these, AZ the fremen say, is
900 al Sixth avenue and Twenty-first street.
A fifth alarm from that box brings out
twenty seven engines, six trucks, deputy
chief, the Chief, Eve battalion chiefs, u
tower and a searchlight engine II also
causes five engines and TWO trucks to change
quarters and cover up
The box at West and Barclay streets
brings out three engines and two freboats.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1902-12-21

the number Of the original States: while the
radial width Of the in,Ag ipary circle Of three
feet and q quarter circumscribing the forty
hve stars carries out the idea of thirteen
In the luartering elements. 1864.
1T II a singular coincidence that the
Official legend Of the seal Of the United
Statee--'E Pluribus Unum-contains thir-
teen letter., while the general order Gre
ating the flag was also No. 49, Certainly.
past national achievements have not given
thirteen the unlucky significance granted IL
by popular superstition.
The Presidents own stand of colors Is
Of scarlet silk, Q feet Q inches fly and Z
feet on the. pike, which IL 10 feet long, in.
clU1ing the ferue and head. The details of
the colors are the same H. those described
for the big flag, except on scale one-half
smaller
The design. letters. figures and stars are
beautifully embroidered in silk and are
the same on each side Of the flag The edges
Of this silken standard are trimmed with
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1902-12-21
BERLIN'S 0PEN.AlR HOSPITAL.
A NOVEL CCRE FOR THE N(k
CHILDREN or THE room.
They spend Twelve Hours a Da, In n pine
Forest--sclioOl for Them \isO--The
Results Already Praised 49, Forest
Cures for Adults Also In Gernian,

Twelve hours every day in the untaint ed
air OF the pine forest, lessons gymnastic
exercise, medical treatment. meals. maps.
all in the open air; and this Al a nominal
rate or quite frpe-such are the features of
an experiment for the benefi, Of sick chill
dren OF Berlin which was started last May
ut Schoenholz, a suburb Of the German
capital.
4 Two young Berlin doctors, DR. Rudolf
llennhoif and DR.. Becher. are the original ors
OF this system Of healing the children OF
the poor, and under their personal super
vision II has succeeded wonderfully. Prob
ably nowhere In the world previous TO the
Schoenholz experiment. was a public day
nursery for ailing children put into Give
operation.
| Il u not In the least melancholy place,
this piney Schoenholz, where the little
invalids OF Berlin are taken daily until they
become strong and well again. Beyond
the uniforms OF the nurses there j. little
suggestion OF illness, and the children,
I far from acquiring the qIerulous invalid
manner, appear to be- enjoying themselves
lthoroughly and to anticipate cheerfuliy
! the cure that has been promised them after
a few months spent in the open air Schocn-
hols In indeed the most pict uresqne AZ well
~ the most modern OF children's hospitals.
The Schoenholz children are mostly
girls. those being admitted up 10 the age
Of 10. Boys are admitted between the
arcs Of and 10. Incurabe invalidS are
not received, nor children in a seriously
advanced stage Of disease
The greater number OF them are affected
by tuberculosis; SOME suffer from scrofula;
and. indeed. a great variety Of diseases are
represented, all presumably susceptible 20
! the curative influences OF rro,ucted
doses Of fresh air
| At . In the morning the little patients
are due, and they are due promptly, for
the days routine is ~ infcxiblc a. that
of school. The ,incst are escorted by
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1902-12-21

hats, Dutch corone,s, Tam o'Shanters and
on, all made of paper and tinsel
The flower hats are particularly fetch
ing. Some, like the rose-petal design, are
large and when placed on the head look
exactly like an inverted rose the broken
stem standing sloft Others repre-en,
huge chrysant hemum. To match these
there are boutonnieres for the men. In
one instance, how yer, the mans favor
ia a small pocket mirror which he holds up
when he presents the hat To his partner. 80
that she may see how To put il on straight.
The jockey caps 20 with the hunt figure,
now very popular, which il AWAY, an
nounced by blowing n horn, and they are
given out to the girls, the men receiving
whips and coaching horns. A. they dance,
whips are snapped and horns are blown
In time to the music.
Flower boas and muffs made Of paper:
flower fans, tarlbOurines and gilded horns
Of plenty, flower trimmed. pitchforks
and garden rakes. with punches of flowers
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1902-12-21

he cotillon season has come around
again and everybody who is anybody. in
the younger set At least. has a long list of
dancing dates in his or her engagement
book.
The many dancing classes. SO called.
organized every year by society. every one
OF which means a series of brilliant cotil-
Ions held semi-monthly until Lent. have
all had the first meeting and dozens and
dozens OF cotillons are scheduled to take
place In the next ten days for the benefit
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1902-12-21

cotillon completely discounts general dane
ing in polite society and no one with any
pretension to being fashionable ever thinks
of sending out invitations TO a dance without
having the magic word -cotillon" engraved
in one corner Of the card. II is common
enough to start OF with general dancing
a. is done at the more stately affairs where
the Coiilon il not begun until after supper
hut nevertheless the chief attraction OF
almost every terpsichorean entertainment,
Just now il the cotillon. This applies TO
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1902-12-21
PRESIDENTS THREE FLAGS.
ONE or THEN BELONGS TO THE
NAVY. TWO TO THE ARMY.
The Naval Flag Adopted Pirst-The
Arn,ys Emblem Made for President
Mcklnley--Debate and Compromise
That Resulted In the Three rags.

1t is not commonly known that the Presi-
dent Of the United States has three dis
tinguishing flags, but such il now the case
because Of recent order Of the Sectrary
of War.
Prior To 1882, the President was without
a personal flag, his presence on shipboard
being indicated by the national flag hoisted
at the main truck, and his presence al an
army post by the raising Of the great gar
rison flag held In reserve for occasions OF
ceremony and national rejoicing.
In the navy this absence Of a personal
visiting royalty. aud, by General Order
No. 800, Of Aug. 10. 1882, the Secretary of
the Navy directed that -the flag Of the
President Of the United States shall con-
sist Of a blue ground with the arms Of the
United States in the centre and shall be Of
the dimensions prescribed for the Ad-
mirars flag No. |. The flag shall he hoisted
at the main Of the vessel Of war while the
President il on board and shall be carried
in the bow OF his boat" The national flag.
however, still remains the badge for honor
ing the Vice-President or an ex-Presdent
OF the United States
In the army, there was no distinguishing
nag for the President until just before the
outbreak Of our war with Spain. Then Col.
Theodore Bingham called President McKin-
ley's attention to the faa that as Com.
mander-in-C Chief Of the Army and Navy in