The free lance. (Fredericksburg, Va.) 1885-1926, 1902-10-28
ANOTHER EVIDENCE OF PEAcE

III Nuc last ISSUE Oh L ne = rec Lane
we published excerpts of the lin,
speech OF Judge Jackson, OF Wythe
vile. Today we yield to the inclina
ton OF a human heart and lay be
fore our readers a portion of the ad
mirable address, delivered at tn,
unwilling ola monument in Ric lu ono
last week, by Hon. John Cadwalader
of Philadelphia, Pa. The eminen,
Pennsylvania spoke as follows:
My friends, come before You as q
Northern man. In the great conflict be
tween the Confederacy and the Northern
states, my state was opposed to you.
and all true citizens of Pennsylvania were
loyal to the cause it supported. The
great questions had failed of peaceful so
luton. and one of the severest wars @,
any era of the world had To be fought r.
conclusion
When Robert +. Lee before the Vir.
ginia Convention said: 1 will devote
myself 10 the defence and service of nv
native State. in whose behalf alone
would ever draw my sword " be de
lined clearly the obligation of a citizen
to throw his fortunes with his State
Here and there men saw their duties in
a different light, and no one should
erlticise harsbly an officer of the old army
who held different views.
Their position was complicated bv
their environment, their training made
them less independent in thought. as
well a. action, and undoubtedly the de
cision of George II. Thomas to adhere to
the North was as truly the act of an
honorable man as the course of Robert
l.. Lee When acting in its sovereign en-
pacity State withdrew from the Union
whether such action was cause for war
or not, and IN my opinion. il was Ger
tainly the right of the States remaining
In the Union TO so decide, the citizen o!
such State was. by that withdrawal
carried with it. Ii Is impossible to con.
ceiVe OF an exclusive allegiance TO a gov
eminent which guarantees none Of the
natural rights OF Its citizens. OF course.
under the Federal Constitution. so ione
as a state II included in the L Mon. there
are duties OF citizenship to both the
State and to the United States. but they
are distinct.
To his State alone can a citizen appeal
TO secure him in his home. his domestic
relations, and his rights OF property.
nor can he divest himself of his obliga-
tion 10 serve his State in the protection
oil Its rights, from invasion. from riot
or general obedience To its laws. The
subject Is too large TO enter upon here.
but II was an unreasonable view to a.
sert that any one failed in his LOYALTY
who chung to his State, on either side
under the conditions which arose in
1851. Ii u probable that our form of
government Is too complicated for the
uninstructed citizen TO comprehend. and
r. ,frs.f =.
define the radical difference between the
powers OF a State Legislature and those
oil congress. The Constitution of the
United States as originally framed was
a marvellous creation. and 10 my mind
II strictly followed would have met
every contingency that has arisen. Rut
from the hrst beginning with the insidi-
Gus Efforts OF Alexander Hamilton. IN
der the doctrine of implied powers a
process OF distortion of the meaning of
It's plain language, and a subversion of
It's sell guards has been pursued. The
States forming the Confederacy. believing
that their rights and interests were no
longer protected, under the construction
oil the powers OF the general government
which had prevailed through the section
al preponderance OF the North and West
made a heroic effort against tremendous
odds, 10 maintain their rights to seper-
ate from the Union.
The noble purpose OF General Lee in
putting an end to bloOdshed. by having
down his arms instead of scattering his
army TO wage a desultory warfare.
should have allayed all bitterness OF
feeling and helping hands should have
been extended to the desolated South
The wise and generous policy of General
Granti IN allowing the Southern private
soldiers TO keep their horses to do their
spring blowing should have been follow
ed everywhere. Sad and bitter as SEEM
cd the END TO those who had struggled
so monty Tor their cause, little did they
dream that their sufferings had scarcely
begun. They could not have believed
that the victors who appeared so gene.
rous IN the field, would have followed in
such courses, that 30 years later. the
true history has TO be written in Red
ROCK and Leopard Spots" Ii il a
happpy augury for the future. when
from the lips of sucn a distinguished son
oil Massachusetts as Charles Francis
Adams has fallen the highest praise of
Robert l.. Lee.
1t would, indeed, have been a happy
late Tor the country il the example of the
southern hero, after Appomattox.
which has secured for him for all time a
.SSo7hitiohs sbul makes MIN only second
In war, second in peace, and second in
the hearts of his countrymen had been
followed by the North and it's comman-
der.
1t is difficult to speak with calmness
or moderation of the scenes enacted in
the decade following 1860. No appeals
could check the wild orgy into which
the controlling powers in the North had
rushed. Sonth, so plundered that ali
the ruins OF the war appeared as moth.
ing, a North, reeking with corrnDtioD
until the records of Credit Mobilier frands
and Black Friday tumults. made tbe
people doubt the integrity of all The
terrible scourge of so-called reconstrnc-
ton as directed by the distorted brain
OF Thaddeus Stevens, and the inioujties
OF the ''Freedman's Bureau aroused NOT
only the South, but the North itself. Even
those apostles OF the cause that rroduc-
ed the war-Greely, Chase, Julian. the
war Governors Andrew Of Massachu-
fetts, and Curtain, of Pennsylvania, ami
many others--rebelled against the ae-
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