davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Decorah public opinion. (Decorah, Winneshiek County [Iowa]) 1895-1928, 1902-12-10
FORT ATKINSON.


Peter Leibold went to DEBORAH
Wednesday.
Geo Weist, was Calmar visitor
Wednesday.
Louis Young, of Waucoma, was in
town Tuesday.
Albert Manashek, was down from
Calmar Tuesday.
Rev. Kopecky departed for Duncan,
Iowa, Wednesday.
Miss Leona Fisher was a Waucoma
visitor Tuesday afternoon.
Henry Leuinberger has been on the
sick list the past week, with the grip.
Miss Anna Huber left Monday morn
ing for Burr Oak where she will teach
this winter.
Geo. Nockels was down from Cal
mar Tuesday on business connected
with his pop factory.
The M. E. Sunday School decided
last Sunday to have Christmas festivi-
ties and something out of the or
binary, of which they have had for
several years, which will be in the
shape of a large chimney.
Geo. Brochamp returned from De-
corahvyesterday.
: Mrs. Shortley and Miss Sadie Sum-
mers, were DEBORAH visitors yesterday.
Mrs. Ace Webster and daughter
Airline, were over from Waucoma
Thursday.
Geo. Weist, our miller, went to
New Hampton Monday on business
connected with the Evergreen Roller
Mills.
Mrs. Frank Kuhn came down from
Calmar Monday for visit with her
parents, Mr.. and Mrs. Pouska.
NJ A. Kubish and daughter Miss
Otillia went to DEBORAH Monday
where Miss Otillia will attend school
this winter.
Ed. Mashek, of Spillville, took the
train at this place Monday for Everly.
Iowa, where he has a position as sta
tion helper.
j. B. Mccall, of Ridgeway, arrived
in this city Monday for visit with
his father J. J. Mccall ,sand his sister,
Mrs. F. P. Chick.
At the home of the bride, at Water
Vile, Mimi, Friday, Nov. 2Sth, 1902,
occurred the marriage of Mr.. Ed. Rar-
din to Miss Lillian Fallows, Rev. Mr..
Simods officiating.
Mrs. John Vatava, who has been
staying with her son at Rock Valley
this summer returned to her home at
this place Wednesday evening.
S. Bush and Geo. Schneider drove to
Sarde, Wednesday evening, where
Joseph Schreiebr was with one of his
horses sick and not able to make the
trip home.
Mesdames H. J. Goddard, G. A.
Bieber, III B. Fortney and Shortley,
went to Calmar Tuesday to attend the
meeting of the Ladies' Aid Society of
that place which was held at the DR..
Page home.
Mrs. Rice, who has been visiting
the Einwalter family the past week
departed for her home at Milwaukee,
Wis. Wednesday evening. she was
accompanied by Miss Emma Einwalter
who will visit relatives in that. city.
DR.. Horton departed Monday for
Rochester, Mimi, taking with him
Mr.. Ray Burns, of Jackson Jet. who
will undergo an operation at the hos
pital at that place for appendicitis.
Will Schissel, came home from
Chicago, Tuesday morning with his
head all bandaged up. He met with a
very severe accident last week while
at work in the Union Stock Yards he
was kicked in the jaw by steer,
breaking the jaw bone very badly and
bruising his face up otherwise. The
writer very much hopes "Billy" will
soon be able to be out fully recovered
from the blow which he received.
John Hemsath was Calmar visitor
yesterday.
Decorah public opinion. (Decorah, Winneshiek County [Iowa]) 1895-1928, 1902-12-10
Coming! Coming! Coming!

The 10Th of December. Watch for
them. John @. Hexom will have at
or about the 18th of this month 20
dozen of the World Wide known w. l..
Douglas Shoe for men. They have
the newest style, finest fit, best
leather. Well all in all, they are the
catchiest lot of shoes in the Shoe
market.
j. @. Hexom. The Abreast of the
Times Shoeman.
Decorah public opinion. (Decorah, Winneshiek County [Iowa]) 1895-1928, 1902-12-10
A Christmas Certainty.

One thing is sure, and it is this-you
cannot be certain that you have chosen
the best gifts or bought at lowest
prices until You have seen our stock
Come and see it, We shall not urge
you to buy. Brunt & Parman.
Decorah public opinion. (Decorah, Winneshiek County [Iowa]) 1895-1928, 1902-12-10

The DEBORAH Steam Laundry has
established an uptown agency in
Ziegelmeyer' barber shop. Laundry
left at this shop will receive prompt
attention. 1913
Decorah public opinion. (Decorah, Winneshiek County [Iowa]) 1895-1928, 1902-12-10
III. III. Kramer S Son.
CastaIia, Iotpa.
Grand Opening of Holiday Goods This Week.


dandh ubega o d goods for
o
Isspnatm cngtn YOURSELF IS know wants early.
Decorah public opinion. (Decorah, Winneshiek County [Iowa]) 1895-1928, 1902-12-10
JEWELRY.

refunded on any article not
satisfactory. In one large case
we have every article is guaran-
teed for five years. You can
find Collar Buttons here as cheap
dS..............'.s..'s'.'
CuI buttOnS.......".... zoe
Ladies' Lace Pins. ... ..........25c
Ladies' Hat Pins. loo
Ladies' Stick Pins. ...25c
Gents Shirt Studs. ............. .25c
Gents Watch Chains. So 90
Sterling Silver Novelties of every
kind. Gold and Silver Thimbles,
Chate!ain Bags, Fountain Pens,
Pearl Handle Gold Pens, Pocket
Books, Card and Stamp Cases,
Belts, Silver Tea Bells, Trays,
Aluminium and Celluloid Novel
ties, ETC., etc.
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1902-05-30
KtWAIO DITCH EXTENSION

Good progress is being made by Vim
cent G. Belser, contractors, on the ex.
tension OF the Kewalo drainage ditch.
1t is now within 400 feet of the upper
end, upon the Old Plantation, where it
will receive the discharge of storm wa
ter sewers, SO inches by 81 inches in
size. running from Beretania street.
The walls Of the ditch are OF concrete,
foot wide at top. Its width Is eigh
feet but narrowing near the upper end.
At the ocean end the ditch is five and
half feet deep. the walls increasing
in height to seven feet at the upper
end. Already the part of the ditch COM
pleted has lowered the water in the Ke-
walo swamp eighteen inches Inc
ditch will be covered with planking,
which will form a sidewalk for a new
street to be opened to King street,
Charles B. Wilson is government in
, spector Of the work.
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1902-05-30
PUGNACIOUS ]APS
ARE FOUND GUILTY

The case of the japanese charged
with assault and battery on John Kali
| likoi was finished in the Police Court
yesterday afternoon. The attorney foi
the defense only put on two OF the
men, namely, 0rita and Taketa. The
other three witnesses were the women
who said they were on the scene.
Orita stated that he was giving a big
japanese dinner in the building oppo-
site the cemetery during the afternoon
and did not go out of the place between
the hours OF and Z o'clock. As the
alleged assault took place at about els
| o'clock, 1t could be easily seen that the
witness was trying to prove an alibi.
He stated further that Taketa was With
him the whole time.
Deputy Sheriff Chillingworth put on
Special McDuffy in rebuttal. The Off
GERS testimony was to the effect that.
when he arrived on the scene, he saw
Orita out in the street and that he grab,
bed him by the arm and would have ar.
rested him had not Kailikoi said that
he intended to get a warrant out for all
the Japanese. This was a little after
o'clock.
The testimony was dead against the
Japanese and they were fined Sc and
| costs each. Two of the assailants Of
Lilikoi are still at large and cannot
be found. When located, they too will
be prosecuted.
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1902-05-30
TO RPETUATB GERMAN.

A meeting Of those interested in
keeping up the knowledge OF the Ger
man tongue among those of German
descent was held at the Office OF II.
Hackfeld & Co. yesterday. Those pres
ent were: F. A. Schaefer. II. Schultze.
p. Lemke, II. A. lsenberg, Carl Du
Roi, Johannes F. Eckardt, J. Locker,
II. J.. Nolte, H. w. Schmidt, ]. Fran
cius, Pastor Felmy and Emil A.
Berndt.
A school association was decided on
and committee consisting OF Rev
Wilhelm Felmy, p. Lemke and Emil A
Berndt was appointed to canvass the
German colony to see what support car
be secured for such a project. The
plan is to have classes twice a week tC
which all German children can go AM
receive instruction in their mother
tongue.
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1902-05-30
LESLIE IN HOSPITAL

Lieut. Leslie OF the Mounted Patrol
is now an inmate Of the hospital. A
couple OF weeks ago he had his foot
spiked in a league baseball game. At
first. the injury did not give him much
trouble and after a few days with a
slipper on the sore foot, he put on his
shoes again and attempted to go on
duty.
The consequence was that in a very
short time, blood poisoning set in and
Leslie was unable to get about at all.
His foot is badly swollen and It will
be quite while before he will be able
TO get out again.
Leslie has been particularly unfor-
tunate during the past two years or so.
1t will be remembered that he was bad
ly smashed up while attempting to stop
n runaway dray. Later on, he was
burned out of his home and now comes
this last accident.
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1902-05-30
JIMMIE CRIED ON.

Jimmie Vierra, Portuguese boy
was sentenced to three years in the
reform school yesterday afternoon by
Judge Wilcox in the Police Court. Il
appears that he stole dollar and act
ed the part of vagrant on several oc
casions Of late. Vierra cried in The
court room and all the way down thu
back stairs after his sentence and his
removal to the Jail yard. When once
below, Jack Melanphy, the turnkey
tried to pacify the boy. but he would
not have it and cried louder than ever
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1902-05-30
EPwORTH LEAGUE RECEIVES

There was a reception last evening
at the Methodist parsonage, given by
the Epworth League as a testimonial
to several members of the church who
are about to leave for the Mainland
The reception was held on the lawn
which was Illuminated with japanese
lanterns. An address was delivered
by Mark Johnston, president of tho
League. Among those for whom thu
reception was given were Luther Nc
Taggart. who goes to Vancouver; Mrs
Clark, to San Diego; Fred Loring, L
Lakeport. Cal; Mrs. S. NJ. Kearns
Denver; Miss Lita Hits. Miss Ruby
Hits and Miss Elsie Wise, Pickering
/ Canada.
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1902-05-30

We are now paying especial atten-
ton to catering to Family Parties, Re-
ceptions, Weddings, etc, and the sue
cess that has attended our efforts to
please, together with our reputation
for serving the best that the market
affords, is a sufficient guarantee that
we will give you perfect satisfaction.
We have the finest display OF the
batter grade OF BAKERY GOODS and
fine CHOCOLATES and BON eoNs
ever put on exhibit here; we also car
ry HUYLER's CANDIES and LOW.
kEY's cHocoLAi Es and BON RoNs
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1902-05-30
cur WOMAN'S EAR.

In the Police Court yesterday after
noon, Montaro Colon, a Porto Rican,
was sentenced to one months imprison-
ment at hard labor on the charge OF
assault and battery on a Porto Rican
woman, Mary Cras by name. Montaro
attacked the woman with a knife and
cut a bad slit in her ear. The police
were several days locating the assail.
ant but they finally caught him.
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1902-05-30
WITNESSES ARRESTED.

Alfred Krohn and Daniel Smith, the
two sailors for whom Judge Robinson
issued an order Of arrest yesterday be-
cause 1t was feared they might leave
the country. were arrested in Kakaako
in the afternoon. The men were found
at their lodging place. They are want
ed in the case OF Farris, charged with
murder in the first degree and will bo
kept in custody until they have giveL
their testimony.
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1902-05-30

II you have Sore Throat Pain-Killer
will cure Il. II you have a cough or
cold Pain-Killer will end 1t, II yea
have cramps or diarrhoea, Pain-Kilicr
will relieve It. II you cut. burn or
bruise yourself, Pain-Killer will stop
the pain. In short, bottle Of Pain
Killer on your shelf will save you pain
time and money, Avoid substitutes
there is but one Pain-Killer, Perry Da'
Wis. Price 25c and SOC.
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1902-05-30
The ELITE ICE CREAM PARLORS

The weekly edition Of the Evening
Bulletin Is the largest and best pub.
lished In the Territory. Sixteen and
twenty pages. 81 year.
The Paducah sun. [volume] (Paducah, Ky.) 1898-1906, 1902-08-29
CADIz COURT.
CIRCUIT TRIBUNAL MEETS
THERE MONDAY WITH A
LARGE DOCKET.

Circuit court meets in Cadiz next
Monday for a three weeks term.
There are 3 number Of important mat
ters to come up, and IL these are tried
the entire three weeks will likely be
taken up.
On the docket there are SO old
equity cases, 81 old ordinary cases, IS
ordinary appearances, is equity ap-
pearances, ~ white divorce cases
pending, o colored divorce cases pend
ing, ~ felony prosecutions, ia mis-
demeanor prosecutions
The most important cases to be call
ed at the approaching term are the
case of John Feland against Mrs. Hill
man for s5, 600 for legal services, the
suit of Mrs. Hillman against ". O.
White for the recovery Of about $685.
900 worth Of securities, the Pollard
insurance cases Tne other cases are
mostly for small amounts.
The Paducah sun. [volume] (Paducah, Ky.) 1898-1906, 1902-08-29

ly. The remainder, after the proper
ty owners nave expressed their choice,
is then covered by bond issue.
The committee unanimously decided
to submit to the two boards an or
dinance providing for u vote on the
question, and an ordinance covering
the points involved was presented, and
referred to the city attorney. II stip-
ulates that the bonds shall not draw
more than 4 Ia per cent Interest,"
shall be sold for not less than par !;
proceeds derived be devoted exclusive
ly to street purposes; bonds are not
valid unless two-thirds Of the people
vote for the same; balloting upon
same shall be Of the secret system at
the next election, and all ballots and
other necessary arrangements made by
the city clerk, who for two weeks
preceding election shall publish in
two daily papers what the election is
for; city shall levy for interest upon
bonds and create sinking fund for re-
demption purposes upon maturity Of
script.
II has not yet been decided what
streets are to be improved, but Coun-
Gilman Hummel some time ago pre-
scented list of those that should be
permanently improved, which was q
good one. Mayor Yeiser suggested
that in the bond vote be included
bonds for new city hospital and mar
ket house. A separate ordinance
however, will have to be drawn for it.
The Paducah sun. [volume] (Paducah, Ky.) 1898-1906, 1902-08-29
A TRANSFORMATION
The Y. M. C. A. Building Undergoing
Very Many Changes.
The Association Catalogue Will Short
ly Be Ready for Publication.

The Y. NJ. O. A. building is under
going wonderful changes and within a
few weeks will be so greatly improved
that it could hardly be recognized on
the interior for the former building
The roof on the gymnasium build
ing has been finished and the plumbers
are rushing work, although some de-
lay is being occasioned by a ship
ment of material which has been set
out on the road somewhere. The
gymnasium apparatus, ordered some
time ago, has been shipped and Phys
ical Director Mathis is looking for il
daily. Some changes have been made
in the setting Of the exercise machines
in the building the lockers are being
put in good repair again.
Secretary Hanna is preparing ma
terial for the association catalogue
which will be ready for the printer
within few weeks. This book will
be composed OF complete instructions
relative to the work of the associa-
ton and will give every department,
an outline Of the work performed in
the same, and will sketch the benefits
and advantages. The names Of the
teachers in the different educational
departments will also be listed and
the catalogue made complete in every
detail. 1t will be about s5 pages and
5000 copies will be printed and dis
tributed among the residents OF the
city and may also be secured by out
The Paducah sun. [volume] (Paducah, Ky.) 1898-1906, 1902-08-29
CURE SICK HEADACHE.
A WORM KILLER.

J. A. ]. Montgomery, Puxico,
Wayne county, Mo-, writes; 81 have
little twin girls who have been both
cred with worms all their lives.
tried everything to relieve them
which failed until l used Whites
Cream vermifuge; the hrst two doses
brought four worms from one Of
them, the next two doses, twelve, one
Of them measuring twelve inches; the
other child was relieved Of four
worms. 1t is most excellent medi-
cine" Whites Cream vermifuge is
good for children. 1t not only destroys
worms, it helps the child to perfect
growth, wards of sickness. 25o at
Dubois, Kolb andsCo.
The Paducah sun. [volume] (Paducah, Ky.) 1898-1906, 1902-08-29
MUST COME BEFORE
QUARTERLY COURT

Justice r. J. Barber, who some time
ago fined Contractor Dargon $50 and
costs for obstruc ting the public road,
has discovered that he had no iuris-
diction in the case. but that such
trials must be before the county
judge in quarterly court. Justice Bar
Der will accordingly remit the fine and
costs. The greater part Of the latter
will have to be paid by the magistrate
ont Of his own pocket, as he paid the
witnesses, and will refund the
amounts he thus paid out to the con
tractor. Justice Barber can always be
counted on to do what is right.
The Paducah sun. [volume] (Paducah, Ky.) 1898-1906, 1902-08-29
Committee Decides to Submit the
Question to the People
There Was No Opposition to the Pro
posed ordinance-Hospital and
Market House Not Provided for.
UP TO THE GENERAL COUNCIL

The joint street committee Of the
general council held meeting at the
city hall last night for tine purpose OF
acting on the bond matter. Present
were: Councilman Hannah, Hummel
and Potter, and Aldermen Jones and
Greif, Mayor Yeiser, President Noble,
of the aldermsnio board, Speaker
Reed, Of the council, and City At
torney worten.
Mr.. Hannah, the chairman Of the
committee, presided, and legal opin-
ion wasl read stating that the ques-
ton of issuing bonds must be submit
ted to vote Of the people at the next
general election and carried by vote
Of two-thirds of those voting
The bonds cannot be redeemed until
they are matured, and cannot be for
over per cent. The property own
ers have to pay in full for the grant.
told sidewalks and curbing, but only
half for such street improvements.
II seems that after the bonds are
authorized, the council let's the con-
tract, and then allows the property
owners to either pay cash their APP
portionment of the amount due from
them, or allow It to run ten years, in
which event one tenth Is paid annual
The Paducah sun. [volume] (Paducah, Ky.) 1898-1906, 1902-08-29
PHYSICIAN AND DRUGGISTS

Ford and Sturgeon, a prominent
drug firm at Rocky Hill Station, KY,
write: eve were requested by DR..
G. b. snigley to send for Herbine fol-
the benefit of our customers. We or
dered three dozen in December, and
we are glad to say Herbine has given
such great satisfaction that we have
duplicated this order three times, and
today we gave your salesman another
order. We beg to say DR.. g. B,
snigley takes pleasure IN recommend
ing Herbine. 600 bottle at Dubois
Kolb and 90.
The Paducah sun. [volume] (Paducah, Ky.) 1898-1906, 1902-08-29
BASEBALL YESTERDAY.

American Association--Louisville
., Toledo 1 indianapolis 4, Columbus
3; Milwaukee 8, st. Paul 2.
Nstional League-Pittsburg II,
Chicago 3.
American Lesgue-Chicago A,
Philadelphia 10; Cleveland 8, Wash
ington 3; Detroit 4, Boston 4 St.
Louis /, Baltimore o.
The Paducah sun. [volume] (Paducah, Ky.) 1898-1906, 1902-08-29

Means bad air, and whether It
,ues from the low lands and
The Paducah sun. [volume] (Paducah, Ky.) 1898-1906, 1902-08-29
ALL WELL PLEASED
Visiting Marksmeu Return Home
Delighted With Their Trip Here
Two Did Not Miss 3 Bird Yesterday
in Both Events--Mose Starr and
r. o. Heike.
1T WAS A GREAT SHOOT

The second annual tournament Of
the Paducah Gun club is over and
most of the marksmen have returned
home, but the memory of their stay
will always be pleasant one. they
expressed themselves as delighted
with Psducah hospitality and hope II
will not be long until they meet the
Kentucky boys again.
Yesterday, the closing day, was the
best of the three, and several hundred
spectators watched the shoot from the
club house. It was somewhat slow,
but was nevertheless enjoyed by the
spectators. Nose Starr, of Paducsh,
and r. o. Heike, of Dayton, o.,
killed rs straights, and divided first
money. Mr.. Heike was third in the
great American handicap, hence Mr..
Starr ranks with the best marksmen in
the United States. Their share Of the
purse was about sl2S.
For second money the following
killed "a out Of the 25 fred at and re-
ceived $50. 80 each: Dr. Carver and
Thomas O. Sanders, of Paducah, and
Harold Money. the outside expert.
For third money the following killed
90 out of the 25 fred at and received
s3s. 10 each: Hart Bronaugh, James
Lewis, Hal Walters, W. L. Hansbro,
E. Brady, p. o Ward and Charles
Spencer, the latter the expert who
came within one bird Of winning the
grand American handicap last spring.
The entire list OF shooters partici-
pating in the big event, with their
handicap, and the number killed by
each out Of the 25 fred at, is as fol-
lows: Bronaugh, 2s yards handicap,
killed 80; Moses Starr, 30 yards,
killed 25; James Lewis, rs yards,
killed 80; r. o. Heikes, SO yards,
killed IS; O. o. LeCompte, rs
yards, killed 81; George Robertson,
2s yards. killed 90; Hal Walters, 81
yards, killed 90; Henry Beyers, rs
yards, killed 81; W. A. Davis, 81
yards, killed 10; W. L. Hansbro, 80
wards, killed 2S; Henry Arena, 81
yards, killed 90; Ben Starr, 30 yards,
killed 90; Hood Waters, 81 yards,
killed 90; O. ". Phil, 81 yards, kill
ed go; Ben Weille. 26 yards, killed
eli; f. Tapscott, 2s yards, killed 81
Walter wilkins, % yards, killed
90; E. Brady, 2s yards, killed 23
II. W. Kohler, 90 yards, killed 90
W. W. Watson, 90 yards, killed 22
s. H. Page, 20 yards, killed 81; P.
u. Ward, 30 yards, killed go; Har
old Money, SO yards, killed "a
Charles Spencer, 99 yards, killed 2S
G. T. Griffith, 2s yards, killed 81
AL willerdlng, % yards, killed %
W. d. Thompson, 2s yards, killed 22
Lee Eaker, 90 yards, killed 90; DR.
Carver, 80 yards, killed "a I. O
Sanders, 90 yards, killed "a; Cad,
Stewart, 81 yards, killed 16; W. W
Phillips, 2s yards, killed IA; Arm
strong, 81 yards, killed 90; Clin
Straw, 26 yards, killed IS; R. s. Nc
MILAN, 81 yards, shot at II and kille'
In, when he Withdrew; G.. Hilman
2s Yards, killed II; W. A. Long, 2
yards, killed 81; Ed Cowling, 2
varde killad 81
The Paducah sun. [volume] (Paducah, Ky.) 1898-1906, 1902-08-29
DID YOU EvEB

Stop 30 calculate how much
money you spend foolishly?
Suppose you do it and then
make up your mind to put
this amount in bank for
few months and see how
much you will have. Just a
dime a day amounts to $3.50
a year and most of Us spend
several times that amount.
Let us make you a PROPOSE
tion. Suppose you come get
one of our Home Savings
Banks and drop your odd
change in, say dime or tive
dimes, a day, and let us pay
you interest on it. In a few
months you will have a NICE
bank account, and you will
have formed the savings habit
and started well on the rosd
to riches.
We pay interest on your de-
posits and are as anxious to
get the small accounts as the
large ones.
The Paducah sun. [volume] (Paducah, Ky.) 1898-1906, 1902-08-29
WEDDING IN CHRIS.
TIAN COUNTY.

Hopkinsville, KY, August 90
Robert +. Witty, and Miss Georgia o.
Durham were married at the residence
Of Irwin Foster, the brides stepfather,
near the city. The Rev. Alex Nc
Cord Of the Baptist church officiated.
The Paducah sun. [volume] (Paducah, Ky.) 1898-1906, 1902-08-29

side persons on application. The edu-
cationsl facilities will be as good as in
many schools throughout the state.