davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1902-08-23
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The Ferr1nents in, Milk.

# Prof. g. L Mckay, Iowa Agr1cu1-
tural College, In the month OF June
when nature has covered the earth
with loneliness, the right kind of fer
mentation seems to be everywhere.
Most anyone can make fine favored
butter at this time; but when the kind
of bacteria that we have to deal with
changes to the undesirable kind, it
will then require skill. At our school
our bacteriologist made a number OF
tests to determine the kind Of bac-
terra that milk contains during the
different months of the year. In
March when it is quite difficult to
make fine butter. 100 samples from
different patrons milk were taken.
Only 1914 per cent showed pure acid
flavor; 48 per cent impure acid flavor
and 39h per cent rapid deeomposi-
ton OF the curd. Samples taken April
9Th showed so per cent pure acid fla
vor; 27.7 impure acid flavor, and 1913
rapid decomposition of the curd. In
April we found decided Improvement
In the kind of bacteria present. Sam
pies taken May 10 showed 80 per cent
pure acid flavor and 10 per cent i'm
pure. This largely explains why it is
easy to get good tlavors at some times
OF the year and not at other times.
Samples taken in June and July
showed about the same results as
May. Now 1t we could get our patrons
to exercise more care in regard to
cleanliness, a lot of this trouble might
be obviated. Still at certain periods
makers will have to combat undesir.
able lamentations.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1902-08-23
Farm Separators in Australia.

1t is interesting to note the favor
with which the farm separator is re-
ceived abroad, where it Is being used
IN. increasing numbers. In Australia
the little machines are being largely
used. In Victoria alone there are now
owned and operated on the farms
400 separators. According to the
last report of Hon. John Morrisy, min.
lister of agriculture of Victoria, the
use of the machines has increased "a
follows: 1886, SO; 1887, So; 1883, 1os:
1889, 1855; 1890, 2Ss; 1891, AS; 1897,
1925; 1898, 2,799, 1899, 3446. There
are about 10000 farmers in Victoria
supplying milk to creameries, and Of
these at least a. per cent separate the
cream on their own farms. :,
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1902-08-23
Apple Twigs and Apple Stems.


The attention of the writer was last
week called to the value of apples as
governed by their stems and the char
acter Of the twigs on which the ap-
pies hung. In a block of the Duchess
after the great storm in central ILL.,
nois the ground was found covered
with the fruit. The owner of that
orchard said it was due to the lack Of
pliability on the part Of the twigs of
the Duchess. When these twigs are
switched by a heavy wind they are so
rigid that they snap off the apples.
1t was otherwise with some Willow
Twss near by. The long and 1.-the
twigs had so much pliability that they
did not snap of the apples, but would
need most severe agitation by the
wind before they would part with
their fruit. After a great storm of
last year these same trees were
switched for hours before beginning
to drop their fruit, but in the end
dropped it heavily. A short storm
works little havoc with them, and few
storms are so violent for hours as to
cause fruit to fall finally.
The stems of the apples also count
for much in this regard. The Pewau-
kee has such short stem that if the
apples are not picked as soon as ripe
they are found on the ground. Even
before ripe they fall off in large GUAM
titles If they are exposed to high
winds. They lie naturally so close to
the twigs that only little shaking is
required to detach them.
These things count greatly in Sc
lecting apples for commercial orch
ard. The Duchess is a great apple,
but this is one of it's weak points.
1t is very hardy, the very standard of
hardness, but it needs to be protected
from heavy winds if possible. 1t is
an argument for the shelter belt, at
least in connection with certain orch
ard varieties. If man have a shelter
belt he can more readily plant Ouch
ess than if he has to set out his orch
ard on location exposed to high
winds. The same rule should make
the Duchess of more value near the
Great Lakes than farther west, where
high winds are more common and
more constant.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1902-08-23
Matted Barley as Horse Feed.

]. H. Shepherd: Matted barley is
not an economical feed for +. WORK
horses, and the addition of one part
bran to two parts Of malt, as meas
.ured by the dry barley, from which
it was produced, is neither a cheap
nor satisfactory feed for hard worked
horses; That splendid finish can pc
put on stock by feeding malt, has
been pointed ouc BY Lawes and Gil
bert. These gentlemen Il base their
conclusion. upon trials \ in feeding
soventy-four animals upon i malt IN
comparison with an equal number Of
q similar sort upon other foods It is
probable that animals which are not
thriving or are worked down, 81 and
those which are low In vigor from
any cause may often be built up rapid
" BY 9 ration cont aiming malt. D. y:
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1902-08-23
Hard Wheats Made Millable.

F. D. Coburn: Kansas is virtually
the only portion Of America producing
the famous hard red wheat in consid.
cradle quantities, in which as in many
other things, the state is unique. The
seed was first experimental with In
some of the central counties nearly
thirty years ago, being brought by
Mennonite immigrants from southern
Russia, near the Black Sea, who ap.
parently understood much better than
Americans it's hardy productiveness
and real value. For years following
it's introduction it was disparaged by
American millers and grain-buyers,
who claimed that it's flinty character
made it so difficult to grind as to ma.
terially lessen its market value: The
farmers. however, persevered in SOW
ing it and the production steadily in.
creased, although they. were i. com.
PEELED to accept in the markets from
ten to fifteen cents per bushel below
what buyers and millers we're willing
10 pay for the softer and much better
known varieties yielding considerably
fewer bushels per here. > They per.
sistently argued that 1t was more
profitable to raise wheat that would
reliably yield them, one year with, an:
other; from eighteen to. forty bushels
per acre, even though selling for but
IS cents per bushel, than to raise$sa
crop selling for 80 or IS cents per
bushel and yielding perhaps only.
twelve to j fifteen bushels. This. In
the course Of a few. years, compelled
smilers to devise ways and means for.
more successfully and economic ally
converting this hard wheat into -four,
and there were brought into use de-
vices and processes for soft ening the.
grain BY steaming and noistentng be
fore grinding. II 5s d
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1902-08-23
Low-Headed Trees.

The tornado of last week preached
a sermon on the low heading Of apple
trees. Z. The writer was in the ORCH
ards OF the University OF Illinois the
next morning after the storm and
found a large part of the apple crop
on the ground. He said to himself:
The Dunlap orchards at Savoy will
be q proftless investment this year,
as, without doubt, the 5000 trees there
have shaken off most Of their apples"
Great was his surprise, however, to
find that In the orchard of winter ap-
pies at Savoy $4,000 -trees), the loss
was slight. Here and there tree had
been uprooted on the edge of the
orchard, but in the main the trees
were not only standing, but were hold
ing their apples. The cause for this
Immunity was apparent. The trees
were all Of them headed low, so very
low that many of the branches touched
the ground. The wind could not get
under the trees, but was thrown up
ward wherever 1t touched this fruit
ing forest. The umbrella-shaped tops
800 HA~S - S0OAt 6OOu luaL0IAdl AVA
the work Of the tempest. Evidently
little whipping was done by most of
the branches, compared to what would
have resulted to high-topped trees.
Riding through this orchard, Sen.
ator Dunlap said: There are four
distinct advantages in low heading
OF apple trees. First, the wind can
not so well whip the apples from the
trigs. Second, the branches protect
the trunk against sunscald. Third, 1t
is easier to spray the trees. Fourth,
1t is easier to harvest the fruit. The
only objection to low heading is that
we cannot so well get under the limbs
to cultivate, but that is not a great
matter, as weeds and grass do not
grow very well in the shade anyway.
The objection does not by any means
Offset the advantages I have named.
After harvest is over we will send a
man through here with a scythe and
he will NOW the few weeds that are
found under the trees"
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1902-08-23
Commercial Fertilizers and Onions.

S'"1|ItIciCidI TcTeIIIzcFS ana onions.
In Bulletin No. 206 of the Geneva
Experiment station another fertilizer
problem is discussed, one of particu-
lar interest to onion growers, but also
one which again enforces the lesson
needed by many farmers, of economy
in the purchase and use of CONNER
cial fertilizers. The experiments of
four years, when different quantities
of high-grade commercial fertilizer
were used, show that 500 pounds per
acre was the most profitable amount
to apply. With good prices assured
for onions, larger quantities of Far.
tilizers might be used, but consider.
ing all factors the. onion grower .r,,na
great risk of diminished profits 4wh an
he uses $500 and 1000 pounds 81
commercial manure per acre" / n
case of one set Of tests on rich soil /
1t was found that even the smallest
amount of fertilizer was unproftable.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1902-08-23
Sheep and Weeds.

Prof. Thomas Shaw: OF the 500
weeds and grasses growing in the
Northwest, it is estimated by those
that have made a study of it, that
sheep will eat SIG of them, while
horses consume but 81 and cattle only
Sc. The fact Is, sheep prefer many
kinds of weeds to grasses, and weedy
fields and horse pastures are i'm
proved by turning small flock OF
sheep into them When sheep devour
the weeds they do not charge any
thing for the work. On the other
hand, they pay the farmer for the
privilege of pulling the weeds. They
turn the weeds into mutton, fresh.
juicy and crisp. A Sleeps stomach
is the. most perfect receptacle that
was ever made for weeds. It is sure
death to every form of weed life. No
weed seeds retain the power Of res
direction after having been buried in
that living sepulcher, the stomach OF
sheep. "A more suitable receptacle
for them it is than q Gehenna or a
Tophet would be. Either Of them
would deprive the weeds Of the power
to grow. but in doing SO they would
consume all the nitrogen in the weeds.
Only the phosphoric acid and potash
would be left in the ashes. But when
sheep consume weeds, they take out
some OF the nitrogen, a little Of the
phosphorus and the potash to supply
their own needs, and the residue they
\ put back over the land to stimulate
the growth OF the crops that shall yet
be soWn. 1S &25. &s* #E{=, 81 ,S5
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1902-08-23

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A Champaign County (l1I.) Orchard.
Last week the writer had the pleas
ure of visiting the orchards of Sena-
tor II. M. Dunlap, at Savoy, Illinois.
One OF the orchards covers an area
of 100 acres and contains about 5000
trees, all winter varieties. The trees
are already we'll into fruitage and
promise great things for their owner.
The trees in this orchard are set about
~ feet apart each way, which is re-
garded by Mr.. Dunlap as the proper
distance apart to set ordinary trees.
A second orchard consists largely of
old trees and covers 60 acres, but the
senator counts this as a forty-acre
orchard, as that area would contain
all the trees if they were set at proper
distances. The third orchard covers
20 acres and contains only summer
and fall varieties. In addition there
is located on this place and under the
control of Senator Dunlap one of the
trial orchards belonging to the State
Horticultural society. This is for the
trial OF trees and vines whose hardi-
ness and fruitfulness have yet to be
found out. There are thus 100 acres
in apples alone, besides cherry, plum,
pear and even peach trees In abun-
dance. Small fruits of all kinds are
being grown and marketed. One may
obtain a liberal education in things
horticultural by going through these
orchards with the senator, who knows
and can tell about every experiment
that has been tried there.
There" said he to the writer, sis
where my father had 400 trees. When
he was away one August my brother
and myself thought we would do
something great. So we put in the
pillow and gave the orchard a good
going over. We got the ground into
fine shape, and the trees soon showed
it by starting to grow vigorously-at
the wrong time of the year. The re.
suit was that the cold caught the wood
unripened and the whole 400 trees
were dead the next spring."
There are few men that care to
publish failure, but Senator Dunlap
says that he tells about his failures
as well as his successes that others
may take warning and avoid his mis-
takes. These orchards at Savoy will
repay visit at any time. Their own
er is doing great things for the horti-
culture of Illinois by the object les
sons that he has established.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1902-08-23
Weedy FIavors.

Prof. G.. L. Mckay: In the summer
months during dry periods frequent
complaints are heard i. from butter
dealers Of what they term summer
conditions #or :weedy favors. These
havors are undoubtedly caused BY a
species Of bacteria. AS many OF You
no doubt have observed that the next
morning after a good, heavy rain
yorr flavor will change and improve.
Many attribute this to the fresh grass.
but fresh grass does not grow IL i
night. Il Our bacteriologist found BY
experimenting with q species sof bac-
terra that he could produce this same
Weedy favor. q Il f y. sl .3
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1902-08-23

ss. Some of#the citizens Of Benton Har.
Dor, Mich, are proposing a public
milk plan. like those that are 80
successfully run IA some Of the Eng.
sish cities. Nh hey would run the, bot
Ting estab lish ment Ii connection
With the city water works, and would
supply both Benton HarborS3 and ST,
#Joseph with pure milk Friends 81
tbs movement estimate the ~ aaInlusl
profits to- the city ct ga. 900.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1902-08-23
Horse Shortage in New Hampshire.

Horse Shortage in New Hampshire.
Prof. Charles w. Burkett, of the
New t. mpshire station, says:
There is too little horse power in
the state to properly till and cultivate
the soil. We have thousands of acres
ofttillable land in the state land what
Is said here IS true of all New Eng
land) that have not felt the plough.
share for long series of years, some
for decades. some for a half century
Soil will not remain productive II
untitled. We have not enough horses
or working units in the state to do
the regular farn- work and to carry
on tillage as it should be done. Prac.
t1caliy the oily supply of horses is
from other states; yet this state ia
quite able to supply it's full needs and
could have to spare for demands else
Were. The work lies with the farm.
ers themselves, not only to increase
the number of working horses but to
improve them and make them more
se-viceable.
BY using the better grade of mares
for breeding purposes and having the
service of some pure-bred sire Of some
draft or coach breed of good type and
conformation, it would be but short
time until the character of the whole
horse stock were changed into a bet.
ter and improved one. Good draft
and coach stations can be secured for
about i've hundred dollars. Several
farmers could purchase a stallion OF
the type desired, and there could be
engaged several mares for the first
season at a moderate charge for ser
vice which would. pay not only high
rate for money invested but would go
a long ways for paying the full cost.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1902-08-23

Cause Of scables or Mango.

III Scabies, or mango, of the OK is q
contagious disease caused by para
site mite. Cattle are chiefly affected
with but two varieties Of these para
sites, or mites, which belong to the
class Arachnoidea. These are, first,
the Psoroptes: second, the Symbiotes.
The first is the one which most fire.
quently affects them. It lives on the
surface of the skin and gives rise to
great irritation and itching by biting,
and is most frequent upon the sides
of the neck and shoulders, at the base
OF the horns, and at the root Of the
tail. From these points it spreads to
the back and sides, and may invade
nearly the entire body. Its principal
manifestations are more or less nu.
merous pimples, emulation, and abun.
dant scaling off Of the skin, falling out
OF the hair, and the formation of dry
gray-brown1sh scabs. In the course of
time the skin becomes thickened, stiff,
wrinkled, and acquires the consist.
ence OF leather. When mango has
spread over large surface of the
AOAyS IA0 dAAu1d1S AOS0 u0Su anu O0
come weak and anemic, rendering
them constitutionally less able to
Withstand or combat the effects of the
mites. At the same time the de-
creased vigor and lessened vitality of
the affected animals favor the more
rapid multiplication of the mites and
the further extension and intensified.
ton of the disease. Thus we have
cause and effect working together,
with the result that scabies, or mango,
In cattle may in some cases prove ia
tai; especially are fatal examinations
liable to occur in the latter part of
severe winter among immature and
growing animals, or those of adult and
full age, when in an unthrifty condl.
ton at the time of becoming infected.
There have been noticed variations in
the progress of the disease depending
upon extreme seasons-aggravatio
in winter alternating with improve
ment in summer.-Buletin 152, Depart
ment of Agriculture.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1902-08-23

Mr.. John u. True, secretary Of state
for Wisconsin, says the disposition to
plant more! corn is almost Universal
throughout the state. and the potato
acreage has also been Increased 5 per
cent and tobacco acreage 10 psr cent.
The wheat acreags has decreased IN
proport ton the corn and oats aars.
80 has Increased.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1902-08-23
Plum Trees in Poultry Yards.


We often see the advice to plant
plum trees in the poultry yard. The
advice may be good or it may be bad.
The argument on behalf of the plum
tree is that the hens keep it wei!
cultivated by scratching and keep the
grass all down, permitting not
blade to grow. 1t is further argued
that the hens will pick up the cur.
culios as they drop to the ground.
Well, it may be good thing to have
plum tree in the poultry yard so
far as the plum tree is concerned,
but we doubt if it is of any value
to the poultry yard. The ideal poul.
try yard is not one that is bare of
grass, but one that is covered with
grass. In fact, the yards should be
arranged in pairs, so that when the
verdure is being eaten off one yard it
will be growing in the other. The
hen does not demand "clean culture"
When the plum tree is shaken and
the curculios fall to the ground they
do not lie there for an indefinite pc.
Rod waiting for the dutiful hen to
come along and pick them up. In a
few moments they are up and away.
The hens will have to be pretty we'll
trained if they are to stand around
and snatch up the curculios as they
drop. The theory of combining plums
and hens will. we think, hardly work
in extensive practice.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1902-08-23

One man'a success 8is often due to
the failure Of another HI. !;
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1902-08-23
" .,Is-'7 = :, \. a. a E's7f - !. = . =.
Raising Black Langshans-

From the Farmers Review: will
give you my way of raising black
Langshans. ~ first purchased four
pullets and a scockerel, paying $40
Tor the four pullets and, $12 for the
cockerel. From these the first year
! got about 40: birds in all. The next
year I changed cockerels again, and
raised nine. fine cockerelss for the
next year. I also bought six tlne pull;
let's. I bred black Langshans for
SIX years before ever made a show,
IN the year 1889 I made show III
Danville, Illinois, and won. about half
OF the premiums, for which showed,
and saw my weak points. keptson
showing every year, my birds get
ting better all the time, and up to
date am on top. / Matched the old
way-with hens-and let them take
care Of the chicks. have ten acres
for range, and each pen has a half
acre upon which to run. Some people
say they do not feed their hens while
they are at liberty in the summer,
but I feed my hens at that time all
they can eat. In the morning I feed
oats steamed. Wheat is given at
noon and evening. l keep my coops
clean. Corn is not good feed for
black Langshans. as it is too heating
and hard on the plumage:
The only way to start in the bust
ness is to buy good stun and get
good stuff from it. 1t is hard to get
good birds out of bad ones. When a
man writes me for a $1.0o or $500
bird I know he is a cheap man. and
| would like to run up against him in
show room. At one time / won
first and second on cockerel, and a
farmer came to the same show with
33 head: he never got a place. He
hung around my birds and the last
day of the show he said: mayer,
what will you take for those two
cockerels?" I told him $40, and he
thought was ready to go to the
asylum. laughed at him anu said:
Il have sold $95 worth of eggs from
those two cockerels, and they have
also produced prize winners. Do
you think they are worth $40 to me
or not?" AS result of the work of
those two cockerels I never lose
place in show room. It is, how
ever, a good thing to have such
breeders as the man have men,
toned, for they are willing to buy
many bird that good breeder
would not keep about the place.-W.
M. Mayer, Vermilion County, Illinois.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1902-08-23

Chalk ~ the ailk ! white He.
Anadarko daily democrat. [volume] (Anadarko, Oklahoma) 1901-190?, 1902-02-15

Visitors to the Academy OF science
in Lincoln Park Ch.-ago nay see on
the upper floor stuffed Nngdshcr
locking pathetically through a win-
dow at q pond beyond. Some time ago
the bird flew against the plate glass CT
the window, while taking a flight in
land from the lake. and was killei
by the impact. 1t was picked up, TAX
en- inside. and It's skin was prepared
and mounted and then was given y
place by the window at which IL met
It's death.
There "a an Interesting sorry con-
nectod with this kingGshcr. Tho bird.
q male. reached Lincoln Park from the
south March II, 1895. The pond was
still frozen tight. and the fisher bird
had kard time getting enough to eat
until q generous thaw camc along and
opened up a hole through the frozen
surface. From that time on until late
in the fall, when frost closed tho pond
again. the kingishers life was one
! continual feast. As his name implies
he was a royal bird, and he loved a
royal fare. All the summer through
nothing went down the royal palate
except geld fish.
billy" Kingfsher, as the park fire.