The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1902-12-16

conservative Republican Senators believe
that Germany and England have gone too
far and have virtually violated their a.
surances to the President. but these men
are aware oil the danger that might arise
from legislative interference ana are en-
dcavoring to qucll the desire Of their le,I
temperate associates.
AFTER MAnoARITA IsLAND'
The press report that the German war
slap Nineta Lad gone to the Venezuelan
Island Of Margar.ta caused gr'nt interest
in official circles Il was recalle d that the
Nineta visited Margarita not many months
ago and was detected making surveys in
the harbor. The United States gunboat
Marietta was sent to Margarita and the
Nineta withdrew. II wls suspected at the
tine that the German Government wanted
the island for a coalinR station. This Gov
eminent viii never consent to it's acquis-
tiGn by any Eu 'opean Power
The la'in-Ameri"an diplomatic contin-
q nj in Washing,o on is greatly excited over
the Venezuelan affair. Nearly every repre-
sentative of I.atin-American country
called on Secretary Hay to-day, and this
occurrence WAS unusual. 1t was declared
that they caine on business affecting only
their own Governments
Secretary Hay and Secretary Root talked
with III" President to-day about the Vene-
zuelan affair, hut il il not known that any
course of action was determined upon
AUTHORITIES on BLocKADIs
The following statements. taken from
international lsw authorities which ara
being consulted by the State Department.
IL. =. =, H. q,
Governmen, for declining to recognize
the application OF the peace" blockade
of Venezuelan ports to ships Of American
register:
Pacific bio ida is form OF reprsal or con-
strant. which consists IN the block ding by
one Of mor''S a,es OF certain ports of another
safe without declaring or making war upol
that ate In the conduct of such block de
practice has varied greatly. In general.
however the .cssals of \ 1tos not parties TO
the block de are not subj "Ct 10 seizure. From
tho nature Ola pacific block de as measure
short Of war its consequences should be
confined only 10 the parties concerned. The
pacific hlo, ide OF Greece in 1855 xt ended only
to vessels fiying the Greek flag. but the Adj
mirals of the great Powers in the pacihc
bio, k1dp of Crete in 1897 endeavor to estab-
lish the right TO control other than Greek
vessels IL they carried merchandise for the
'TF'k troops OF lot ln' ul'Il'l VI lHt l~ldHu
In 1897 the Secretary Of State of the United
States. replying TO the'notica Of The provisions
Of the bloc klde. said
Il conflne myself TO taking note of the
communication not conc"ding the right to
make such blockGde rs that referred to In
your communicated and rnserving the con-
.idcration of all international rights and on
any question which may in any way afect
the commerce or the interests OF the United
states The weight of authority support.
m" position Of tho United Statc-
- Rio rkale without re~ortng 70 war
IN is"- when Great Britain. France and Russi'
bloc l.. ded the con-ts of Greece with n view
to rafting pressure upon the sultan its nor
NAL ruler blockade of IaRus by France, 1874,
La Plata by France 1879 to is,9: Ia Plata by
France and PNcfnfd 1886 70 isis: Greece bT
England, 1850; Eprmooa by France, 1884
Greece by England. Germany. Austria. Italy
and Russia 1883 Zanzibar, by Portugal. 1888
Crete by Great Britain. Germany, Austria
France. Italv and Russia, 1897 Dcduced
Pacific blockade il "A legitimate means OF
conStraint short of war.
-t?l Tie partics TO the blockade are bound
by its consequences.
~ As a matter OF policy II may be ad-
visahle to resort TO pacific blockade in order
to avoid serious resort 10 war. and that States
not parties tn the pacific blockade are in no
way bound to observe II. though their ships
cannot complain because they are required
TO establish their identity in the ordinary
manner"