Evening journal., 1902-08-15
MANNING DISCUSSES
THE FREEDOM OF COLLEGE TEACHER

tent by an enemy, should DC IeSen,
These are the principles on which D
freedom of the college and the freeI
of the professor rest What of
practice in college and university II
cles?
The authorities of Chicago Univeril
passed, on June 80, 1899. the followi1
Resolved. Cd That the princII
OF complete freedom of speech on 4
subjects has from the beginning b,l
regarded as fundamental in the UniLl
sity of Chicago, as has been shown1l
the attitude of the president and \
board Of trustees, and by The actl
practice OF the president and the III
fessors. (2) That this principle
neither now nor at any future time
called in question. CD That it is de
able to have it clearly understood [
the university as such does not ami
as disputant on either side upon a
public question; and that the utd
ances which any professor may MI
in public are to be regarded as req
senting his own opinion only" Pr9
dent Harper adds: Neither the IN
tees, nor the president, nor any one7
official position, has at any time cal
an Instructor to account for any M
lie utterance which he may have nal
The trustees owe it to thI
selves and to the cause of liberty,l
resign their places rather than to vii
a principle the significance of Will
rises above all else in comparison. !,
If an officer on permanent Il
pointment abuses his privilege as
professor, the university must suf.l
The injury thus accruing
the university is moreover far n
serious than would follow if. for
expression Of opinion differing fri
that Of a majority of the faculty
from that OF board of trustees, or fr
that of the president Of the univers
a permanent officer might be asked
present his resignation. The great
single element necessary for the Gu
vation of the academic spirit is
feeling Of security from interfersr
It is only those who have this feel
that are able to do work which in
highest sense Will be beneficial
humanity. But will a prof.
sor under any circumstances be asl'
to withdraw from the university? VI
His resignation will be demanded 81
accepted when, in the opinion of thd
in authority he has been guilty of 81
morality, CT when from any other ri
son he has proved himself to be
competent to perform the servi|
called for. -
President Gilman. of the Johns III
1ins University. says: with us sd
an occasion (for dismissing q nj
who has reached a full professorshl
mas never arisen. We have never Il
to decide such a question during
life of the Johns Hopkins"
President Thwing, of Western
serve University. says: In a univ
sity the reasons for the dismissal o.
man from his position may be redue
to one. This one is inefficiency. 81
q No professor should be dismis;
except, OF course, for moral reaso
suddenly"
In the opinion of the Evening PC
of New York. the dismissal of Prof
ool IAooof lilouEil ht Meuc nol OI a "
manent appointment. put the Dela
Stanford University "out OF the list
universities proper, and makes it
viOusly a preparatory school" II
lowing and in part or wholly beca|
of Professor Ross dismissal six p
fessors resigned from the Stanford,
protest against the violation of a.
demic freedom. Considering the
iect for which colleges exist, it ]
been wisely said that mo graver char
can be made against a college Il
that it denies its professors freed
of speech"
One more article may be expected
this series.
Eugene w. Manning
! Newark. Delaware, August IA.