The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1902-11-02
SCIENCE.
IRRIGATION rs oErAr brirAlN.

men NJ the nreSent tim" the burden oi EN-
pirc our m, on bears j. OF appalling mag
nituds tle men wiO have imaginative iover
are agha-, ~ the hippant nnconsciousness
~ responsibility manifest in the public 1T
large and even IN ~" ma iority Of our states
men and polit.I ms. u i widely felt that
deeper sense OF responsibility must De NJ
d,iCed among us e We are to main'a,n our
heritage intact d! We az. TO ren1in worthy
10 RI y the great pnr, for wnicn. ny an IN
sorutab" ordinance We find ourselves cast
al '.ie YER" commencement o; u new century.
Nothing il 30 sure as that IL we cannot show
ourselves to he worthy We s"all not long ne
allowed TO play the part; jealousy conironts
". or ali sides: and We have learned tnnt the
struggle Tor existence IL natures first law.
L. 10 li,,l. or, OF re marka bic that we should
he -hle 30 go so fnr "a We do In securing the
services OF able men TO ,onduct our national
Affairs hit We cannot b~ too mindful OF the
duty 81 developing the store Of ability latent
ia the nation and above all Of r,iltiining
intact orr heritage OF individuality
The title Of the address i "Scicnoe and the
lima gination" and It's chief OBJ ect Is 10 inn
press the necessity OF education OF the right
sort-of education thst shall cultivate the
iina 4instion as well AZ he scientific faculties
M ps,'Ih,ar Rr sees prSIS0see NC nor n
than an academic interest 10 rs The general
principles that underlis all education OF the
printed The whole address should be read
by any ono who wishes to undersigned the
OF nsoT nov Ton IN i'm n and hI
own country The address is printed ia ii.ll
in S0ipre for oct
TOXINS ASD ANTIroNiNS
SUPERINTENDENT SternberG contr butes to
Science q review OF Prof Ehrlich's theory,
somewhat A. follows Ehrlich considers the
individual cells OF the body to b. analogous.
.nl. nItn IA.
stances, and maintains that they consist
,sse ntial,y of central nucleus to which
secondary atom groups having distinct
physiological functions are attached by
side chains Sr,is kcf'Cr- -rch rs chemists
represent In their attempts 10 Illustrate the
res actions that occur in the building mp CT
pulling down Of complex organic substances
The cell-cquilibrnm i supposed 10 b'
Disturbed nv injury to anv az IT, u geological
atom groups "a b. toxin and this dis
| 'ubnnce results in an effort NJ compensatory
repair during vhch plastic material IN excess
n, tho amount required Is generated and
Ands Us way into the blood This il re-
| 90 rded BY Ehrlch as the antuoSin, which
| il cana BILE ~ ncutrallzinx the particular
/ town TO which II owes ia origin II 'his town
| is subsequently, Introduced into tn" blood
| In this theory , sr"cihc combining relation Is
| assumed to exist betw"en various toxic sub
| stances End the secondary ATOM groups o:
! certain cellular elements Of 80 body. Tn"
! fact that the toxin produced ," the bacillus
! o. tptanus tns an elective aninity for the
! cells OF tho n,ryons tissues ,,'n,> 70 he vel
! est hlished Wren injected beneath IN"
/ akin OF a nous" whose body wci9's efteen
! caused death and one-Nith % this dose gave
! risc to tc'nn," >vmrioms ~" ietrni dos"
! Tor a man would Il" about a. - mIlliHrom
! I, 10 therefore nearly six hundred times as
/ poten. "a atropine and y ''ii' more 50 than
| srvchrire Con St",nhcre in'lines % rHvor
| his recently tublsh Setter An"ntnoor''
| LISTING or sHoTGrNs.
| The ini,i,! velocity Of rife bulr. ia Oh
! tanned by measuring the time required for
| the projectile to pess from one wire screen
! near tho mus2ls OF the piece 10 another screen
! a hundred feet or 40 further on. As IL passes
! each screen the wire breaks. and. an electric
: current passing through the wire. ia broken.
: Tho time OF rupture OF each screen 1. rogIa-
| tered on a recording cironocraph This
I process serves very we'll for prof" cities Of
! long range and high velocity, hut it is not
! satisfactory for the pellets shot from a fowl
. ing niece Her" IL ia hotter TO use method
A. involving the Use of two targets one fixed,
the other rotating The moving target con
.i.ts of a disk !? feet IN diameter, out OF which
4 a central disk feet in diameter has been cut
so that the argct IL "a circular band feet
3 wide carried on spokes This target ia ro-
'
; of every point on its exterior edge IL 200 feet
b per second. Tho edge is marked with divis-
; ions. each space 60 responding to t-'oo Of
second and from tho division !irc radii
q also ruled with fifteen concentric enuidist1nt
circles. and Us area Ia tNus cut up into regions.
ence number. In front oil the target, and
, close 10 II. is HSed screen covering the lower
halt Of ne circular target. cNcent where il ia
: perforated vita circular opening feet in
, diameter, placed "a 20 coincide with tho
! width OF tho band moving behind II. Acrp1s
/ this opening q thin sneej OF paper is stretched
which receives the STATIONARY pattern OF the
f, discharged pellets. while the revolving band
receives Tho pa,icrn rado b. '6c pellets as
Of ali me pellets, and from 'Se ob'erva'icas
| actual position Of tho pellets at any given
| time. and all tao circumst inccs OF their motion
are thus determined.
| ABOARD or $, iENTiFiC ADVISERS ror iNDI.
According to he London Timc. the Govern
| ment of lndia IL about TO organic" a boa I'd
Of scientific advisers, composed of the heads
% the METEOROLOGICAL. geological. botanical.
forestry and othor dep rments. Each year
the board viii prescribe the lines OF work
| in a written report the main object being
| tho GO dinaiion OF scientific researches By
| government officers II Is claimed that
researches OF cognete character are being
| carried on INDEPENDENTLY and 20 some degree
wastefully. and also that there is \ tendency
| on the part OF government scientific officers
! to give tn" claitus Of abstract sci"ncc prefeI
| ence over he demands OF economic or arr lied
, science Such a board may be very useful
on the other hand IL wight be 80 admins
tered as 10 kill all initiative. Ia the long run
| IL l. fairly safe to lot expciiT enters work ia
! abstract science There will be plenty oi
followers TO make practical application oi
! their discovcries.
| ASIHEACITE CoAL SUPPLY
The use of hard Goa has become so common
that IL is hard to comprehend how the COM
| munity could he satisfied with sof, coal
Yet the available supply OF anthracir" in
America Is 20 small tina, unless some other
fuel bc discovered. tho use OF b,tuminou-
coal must prevail within seventy-hve years
| at the most. The anthracite fields OF Penn
-yivania will be exhausted within seven; -
| 1--we years and there Is no other deposit OF ne
sort in the ni'ed States of any importa nee
| Europe has VERY little anthracite Mos; OF
the Welsh coAl IL btumnous, though the con
| OF the western pert o. the south Wales field
| IL ha rd coal thlns has va,i fields, no ycyer
| compared with which our pennsylVanin Oai ID
il but dot on he map The China Aclds
| undcrr 10000 square miles IN Human. Honqn
| and east Shansi.
| nEIEDRvLoCy
| ~ tho recent tac' ting of the British As
| ISOLATION for the Advance inert Of Sriorce
| Prof Arthur Schus'er called attention ta the
great wait Of power in he science of meteor
4 -.