davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Conservative, 1902-01-23
Che Conservative.

Lamarck IN his PhllOSophle LOOlOg-
ique," had stoutly denied, and had
reasoned against, the immutability of
species. ''The term Species" he
writes, "is applied to every collection
of similar individuals produced by
other individuals like themselves. To
this definition is added the supposition
that individuals composing a species
never vary in their specific characters,
and consequently a species has an alb
solute constancy in nature. 1t is this
supposition 1 propose to combat, be-
cause evident proofs obtained by OBJ
servation show that it is unfounded. ="
He then goes Oh to point out 1.-The
difficulty and often embarrassment of
deciding whether given form should
be ranked as species or variety (the
very term of which indicates mutabil-
ity?). In fact, the wider our knowl-
edge of the different organized bodies
the more embarrassing does it be-
come to decide what ought to be re-
garded as species In proportion as
we accumulate the productions of
nature, in proportion as our collec-
tions are enriched, so do we see almost
every gap filled up and our lines of
separation effaced. In fact the larger
our collections become, the more evil
dent is it that everything passes by
insensible graduations into something
else, and that striking differences van
ish, leaving only minute, even purile
distinctions. Animals form
branched series irregularly graded
which has no discontinuity in it's
parts In short, the more extended
our knowledge of different forms, the
less striking the differences, the less
obvious the species. "
Lamarck, in 1909, and Darwin, in
1858, both came to the conclusion, op-
posed to the opinion of their time,
that species were not immutable. Hav-
ing done so, they were both faced with
the same question, viz: How have
species originated? What has been
the origin Of species? 1t is in the nat
ure of their answer to this question
that the difference in value of the
work of the two men in solving the
problem of evolution lies. If we re-
member that Lamarck died in 1929,
we shall not be likely to under -esti-
mate his labors.
Lamarck attributed the changes
necessary for the transmutation of
species to two special influences, viz
1. The environment, i. e., the total
1Cy OF surrounding external c1rCum-
stances. 2. To the effects of the
transmission of the use and dis-use of
parts. The changes produced by the
environment and the use and dis-use of
parts being inherited, might become
gradually intensified until new
species might be formed. These in
fluences are now known as the La
marckian factors of evolution, and it
is at present the fashion in this coun-
try to largely magnify their supposed
Importance. Darwin, while by no
means ignoring the influences Of en-
vironment, attributed the chief power
in modifying species to that factor in
evolution which is intimately associ-
ated with his name, viz: To the
process of natural selection, and in a
lesser degree to sexual selection.
These are appropriately called the
Darwinian factors in evolution. The
great value of Darwin's work consist
The Conservative, 1902-01-23
"THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES" IN ITS
RELATION TO DARwIN'S SUB
SEQUENT WORK.
PART TWO.

Having finished the Cirripede book,
Darwin wrote to Sir John Hooker in
September, 1854, Il shall now in a
day or two look over my old notes on
species;' - and this remark may well
bring us to the subject for which all
the foregoing has been an introduction
the subject Of species. AS far back
as July, 1887, he opened his first note
book for facts in relation to the origin
of species. about which he says he
had long reflected, and at which he
never ceased to work for the next
Lyell, in 1888, is interesting, as it
gives the first clear indication of how
he was beginning to think deeply upon
the subject of species. II have lately
been tempted to be idle i. e., as far as
pure geology is concerned-by the de-
lightful number of new views which
have been coming in thickly and stead
lily, on the classification and affinities
and instincts of animals, bearing on
the question of species. Note book
after note book has been filled with
facts which begin to group themselves
clearly under sub-laws' And again,
in letter to his cousin Fox about
the same time, II am delighted to
hear you have not forgotten my ques-
tion about the crossing of animals. 1t
is my prime hobby, and really think
some day I shall be able to do some
thing in that most intricate subject,
species and varieties.
Up to the publication of "The
Origin of Species in 1859, it was one
of the canons of orthodox natural his
tory that species were absolutely fixed
and Interchangeable, that the transmu-
tation of species never occurred
species were immutable. This meant
that there were certain forms Of ami
mails and plants having we'll defined
characters which never changed. All
the forms having these characters
were grouped together as spe-
cies, and were believed to have
come down through innumerable ages
without change. Species, again, were
composed of smaller groups, called
varieties, which, however, were not
considered immutable; the name
variety, "of course, indicates change.
Within the limits of the specific char
acteristics, these varieties were sup
posed to be capable of undergoing
modification. But one point was al
ways tenaciously maintained, viz that
so far as to change one species into
another, that modification could never
affect specific characters. If one or
two forms previously ranked as be-
longing to the same species exhibited
marked deviation from the specific
limits, it was at once ranked as a
different species. If, on the other
hand, two forms previously placed in
different SnecieS were fOund tO aX.
hibit close relationship, they were i'm
mediately placed in the same species.
This argument made it possible to
avoid all stumbling .blocks to belief
in the immutability of species, and it's
incessant use blinded some very acute
minds to the fact that they were wor-
shipping a shadow and not reality.
To us it may appear amazing that
the absurdity of the argument in cir
Gle concerning the immutability Of
species had not been exposed long be-
The evening times. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1895-1902, 1902-03-24
Negroes DEATH DUE
TO FRACTURED SKULL
Police Investigating the Case
of William BOlden.
Died at Friedman's Hospital Supposedly
Of Bight's Disease, But May Have
Been Murdered.

What may possibly turn out to be n
murder and q case which the police are
making a thorough investigation into de-
veloped this morning when Deputy Coro-
ner GIazebrcok. after holding an autopsy
over the remains Of William BoIden. a
negro. who died at the Freedman's Hos
pital last night stated that the man died
from a fracture Of the skull.
Bolden lived at MAYORS Alley north
west. and vas taken from his home about
6 O'Clock Sunday evening 10 the hospital
in the police ambulance The police OF
the Second precinct learned that BoIdea
was engaged in a fight on Seventh Street.
between NJ and y Streets northwest. Fri
day night, and il is thought that his death
was due to a blow which fractured his
skull The man. il is said. did not COM
plain OF feeling IN until sunday night
The surgeons at Freedman's Hospital
gave il as their opinion last night that
the negro had died from Brights dis
ease. but requested Deputy Coroner Glaze
brook 20 hold an autopsy
Captain BOardman. upon receiving wo.d
mat the mans death was cue 90 frac-
turcd skull. at once detailed Detective
Sex -5G-' HelaB upon the case.
The evening times. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1895-1902, 1902-03-24
NO HASTE TO START
M'LAURIN ENQUIRY

sence Of Mr.. Pritchard, nothing mas been
done with IT,
since his return to the city senator
Pritchard has made no further request OF
the committee. regarding the investiga-
ton. It is announced that the question
Will not be taken up by the committee at
tomorrow's meeting, though Senator Prit-
chard may at that time make some such
request
The committee is now engaged in the
consideration Of the proposed amendment
70 the Constitution providing for the popu-
lar election Of Senators. and Senator Bur
rows. the chairman of the committee,
stated this morning that this investigation
viii be completed before any other is
taken up. It is believed that at least two
OF three Of the weekly meetings will be
given to the subject before the considera-
ton can be completed
Among certain Republican Senators. it
is believed that the TilIman- McLaurin
matter should be dropped, because Of the
bad blood that is bound to be developed.
Senator Hanna. however. str, n5iy favors
the investigation on the ground that Till
mans charge rejects on the late Presi-
dent Mckinley and he desires the memory
Of the assassinated President to be
cleared OF all aspeTsiCns.
SIR. Tillman's friends say he can provo
the charges he has made, while Mr. Nc
Laurln's friends are hot for vindication-
Both sides. therefore, favor the investiga-
ton. and it quite likely that one will be
ordered
The evening times. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1895-1902, 1902-03-24
Presentation on Senator S
Request Unlikely.
COMMITTEE BUSY OTHERWISE
Consideration of Popular Election Cues
ton to Be Completed FiTst-Mr
Pritchard's POsition-Many Colleagues
Desire Matter Dropped.

The meeting tomorrow Of the Senate
Committee on Privileges and Elections
viii be devoted to the further considera-
ton OF the question Of the popular cleo
ton Of Senators. and it is not expected
that the Tillman- McLaurin enquiry. re-
huested by the junior Senator concerned.
will be taken up at all
Immediately after the fight on the floor
OF the Senate between Senators Tillman
and McLaurin, the latter requested Sena-
Tor Pritchard OF North Carolina to in
troduce a resolution providing for an in
trOduee a resolu iontproviding for an in
Testigation OF the charges made by Mr.
Tillman that he. McLaurin, had sold his
vote TO the Republican party in exchange
for the control OF the patronage il South
Carolina. The resolution was referred to
the Committee on Privileges and Elections
for consideration, but because OF the alb
The evening times. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1895-1902, 1902-03-24
THE ENTRIES FOR
T0M0RR0W'S RACES

Entries for tOnorrow's races: First
race for three-year-Olds and upward. six
furlongs-Merriment. So; Red DamseI. IS;
Alpaca. ll6: Calgary. 81; Fabius. lie:
FcnsoIuca. %; Nan O'War, 10I: Charley
Moore. ia; Princess OtHIie. 10: GoIdfla.
rs.
Second race-The Arlington Purse. for
two-year-oBs: four furIongs-BIue and
Orange, Il2; Tugai Beg. 1i2: Baron
knight. 1I2; Frocks and FriIIs. IC9. Flam-
5oyant. Il2; Mda, 1G9. Toscan, 112. MOrca,
100, First Chord. Il2.
Third race-Maiden Steeplechase for
four year-olds and Upward-aboUt two
miles. Handvice. I35, Silent Friend, l49;
KlOndyke II, 15G, Arius, I49-
Fourth raCe-The Benning Spring Hand
leap. for three-ysar-O Odds and upward; six
furlongs--U nmaskgd. IZ6, and FonsOluca,
20. coupled as J. Grant Lyman's entry;
Ohuet. l0y; The Hoyden. 100. Cormorant,
1906 hampshire. lGi; Trump. 100. AID
Himself SO. coupled as Days entry. Red
Damsel. I02; SlideH, 10l; Man-o'-War.
100. Maru 90; Bastile %.
Fifth race-FOr maiden three-year-Ol
and upward; seven furlongs--ulUminate
49, InkliEg. %; Calgary. 50; Ed. Flour
nOy. go Water Alone, IL, Father Den,
lO2. Idle Ways. 119. FOxey CUrley. So,
The Blue Coat IL. Mango. lis; Gayhilda
81: Pigeon Top, SO; Nala. "a Flo Russell.
g.
The following can start as any OF the
above may scratch: Handyice. l16; Wood
chuck. 10Z
Sixth Race-For three-year-Olds and up
ward, selling; one mile and forty yards
Sir Florian. 1OT; Hop Scotch. I57; Right
away So BenCkart. les. Obstinate Simon,
lCI. Round Up, 10; Farrell. IGI; Wood
;rIce. 10; sLittle Lois, SO. 'Ringieader.
lC2
apprentice allowance claimed
The evening times. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1895-1902, 1902-03-24
DIED

MO0NEY-Suddenly. on sunday. March g. 1902
FRANK b., son Of Alice and the late Michael
Mooney, aged twenty -four years
Funeral from his late residence. 1928 Twelfth
Street northwest. on Tuesday. March Is az SIS
a. M. thence 70 the Church Of the Immaculate
Conception. where mass VIII be said for the re-
pose OF his s-ul- el
GERACI-Cu Monday. March q. 1912. at so
a. m-. GAITANINA. beloved daughter Of Mamie
D,sio and l. Gerl - aged hve years sad sax
months. at her par .nts' residence. s35 I Street
fiCue. bat not forgotten
Funeral services a. St Mlry's Church. Tuesday,
March -. 40 40 p al-- ,ueuce % the cemetery.
e
CRANER-Ou sunday. March 3. 1902. n II-G5
D. m-, ELIZABETH St. widow Of the late =. b.
Came. az her residence, 925 street north
west.
Notice Of iuaeral hereafter. cI
nAVIs-Ou sunday. March .. 1902. MRS
GEETRI De DAVIS az $50 a. IL az her resi-
d--cc. $40 Delaware Avenue
FUnerai- Tuesday, 10 A. m To Be buried in
Alexandria. MI
ALBRO-On Saturday. March %, 1912. VII
liam p. ALBRO. born February .. ISIS.
funeral. Tuesday. O'Clock a. m. ST. Dom
iuic's Church. ri
JOHNSTON-At Atlantic city. y J. on March
o. 100 WILLIAM ". JOHNSTON. NJ D.
Services az 81 Thomas Church. Monday. March
%. no D. m Inte0ment private. u232
The evening times. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1895-1902, 1902-03-24
The Death Pecord.

The following deaths for forty-eiga
hours were reported at the Health De
partment up 10 noon today:
Eliza Smith. 50 years.
SalIie T. Pearce, so years.
Thomas Beck, Is years.
Mary n. ~. Douglass, 3 years.
Elizabeth Denniston. II years.
Elizabeth Carroll, 20 years.
Richard 3. Gates. CS years.
Theodore T. Weaver. 62 years.
Mary Thomas. co years.
Henry Bush, 60 years.
Hannah Carroll, so years.
Laura Ambush 80 years
Beverly T. Havenner 50 years.
Lucinda Harris. as years
Edward T. Foley, A. years
Glausha A. Riggles. IS years
Joshua b. Dill, - years.
Frances Holmes. "A years
Peter J. Johnson. % years
Samuel l.. Washington. 80 years.
John Carter. "a years.
William Z. AlhrO. p years
Gertrude A. Davis. q years
Frederick Johnson. l. years.
Robert c. Barnes. years.
Joseph White. / month.
Infant OF William ana Jennette BriscCc
2 days.
The evening times. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1895-1902, 1902-03-24
PHILADELPHIA ATOG
OVER AN ENGAGEMENT
Regnng Belle to Marry C. C. Pinckney Norris Clubn'ar
Whose WIFE El0ped Ftom Quaker CRY.

tainers as a dinner and theatre party
host. His interest in his guests. how
ever, was never thought TO be more than
that Of a popular society man. who had
the time and means TO crafty his gen
erous and hospitsble impulses.
Miss Wharton is a member Of one OF
the oldest and best known families OF
Philadelphia. one which has been promi-
nent socially for many generations. Some
Of her immediate relatives are identified
with the resident set in Washington So
ciety.
The former Mrs Norris is reported 10
be contemplating returning from Europe
and attempting to resume her position in
local society. This story even goes 50 far
into detail as to say that Mr. Smith will
remain in Europe.
The evening times. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1895-1902, 1902-03-24
DEATH DUE TO ACCIDENT.
Coroner Issues a Certificate in the Case of
Anton Schlotz.

~SASACA ISSUES d NtlLlACdAe IN me case OF
Anton Schlotz.
Deputy Coroner Glazebrook, after view
ing the remains Of Anton SchoItz. who died
az the Emergency Hospital late last night.
as the result OF wounds inflicted by the
accidental discharge Of a muSket. which
he carried with him while hunting over
the District line yesterday morning. issued
a certificate Of accidental death and the
remains Of the dead man were this morn
ms turned over 10 his relatives.
The wound which caused SehoItz's death
was horrible one. the buckshOt from The
gun having blown hole more than nine
inches long and four inches Wide in his
LEFT side. From the time that he arrived
IN the hospital the surgeons entertained
but slight hopes OF HE RECEIVERS.
Scholtz was accompanied. when shot. bv
his little son. Both started out from their
home. on the Bunker Hul Road. In Prince
George county. Maryland, early in The
morning for the purpose Of shootine
chicken hawks. which had caused con
siderable trouble ia that vicinity. While
crossing a field the hunting party came
70 a fence. Scholtz assisted his son over
the obstruction and was climbing over
himself, dragging his gun with him, when
the hammer was struck by one OF the
fence rails and the piece discharged. The
father fell TO the ground Unconscious and
the blood pouring from the wound ia his
side, while the son ran home and inform
ed his relatives. SchOltz was brought 10
this city and remained unconscious I'D 70
the hour Of his death.
The evening times. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1895-1902, 1902-03-24

PHILADELPHIA. March 2i--C. c..
Pinckney Norris. Of No. 2C31 Spruce
Street, whose wife eloped some years ago
with H. Cavalier Smith. is soon to marry
Miss Helen Wharton. the belle OF the
winter
Miss Wharton is only twenty-five years
old, about the age OF the daughter Of the
prospective bridegroom. Mr. Norris is a
member OF the Philadelphia. Rabbit.
Country, and other fashionable clubs. He
is always faultlessly dressed and has
many friends throughout the East.
Mr.. Norris divorced his wife year af-
ter her fight For the past few seasons
he has been very assiduous in his hospi-
tality TO the young people Of society and
has been noteworthy among local enter
The evening times. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1895-1902, 1902-03-24
TRAgNDH'S
TURF BURE AU.

wash. Pran-a-ts0om 29O National Hotel
Opening dly az BENNTNG starts aGJlnn- s1e-
.-.,,-ful S.-s.gr Tor TRAINOH'S RACIS- EN-
PFRTc f.r never we4e We as Wei prepared O..
.-rur,y. our wonderful work of the past a-
..r now are. This meeting cguh nor look bright
r for US and we have no Gear in saying We Wi
allirga even our charitable record Of .lst fall
ahra - per cent Of thc horses We named were
-iuarr-. sugu- theTu Uc-- many long SHOTS,
.Lich haas made this firm tae Reader Nov Is th-
.f.1s 10 start with us. a. We have many pTisrs
Co -pring before the public can get line GA
DE horses We know tae condition uf every
.5-sc here b. training cur force Of experts
acre among Jle fast Go locate az the track. DO
not wait until sou are loser % gct even. but
tart in As a winner VI promise our trst sur
prise IN Tuesdays handicap. which IS yoUr
hznce 90 make good beginning. Wire ready
% Office al l1-30 n an, o. rom agent al race
--5cs gaze Te.us, - daily, SO Uee-y Com
.1i-sioEs placed AS directed. MI
The evening times. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1895-1902, 1902-03-24
Marriage Licenses Issued.

Charles II. StaisIan ard Ella r
spleteer. both Of Philadelphia.
William F. Carpenter and Beatrice
Toombs
Columbus Jarvis and Fannie Davis.
John p James. Charlotte y. c.. arf
Willie z. o. Crews. District 90 Columbia
Ayron d. Croiser. Phelps. n T.. ana
Edith White. District OF Columbia
Philip ThcrGtOn and Catherine Minor.
John Richardson and Aaaa Yogag
Arthur D. ATE and Renia J. Harrison.
The evening times. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1895-1902, 1902-03-24
WHEAT PROSPECT IMPROVES.
General Rains in Kansas, Missouri, and
Nebraska

WICHITA. Kan. March 24.-F0r the
past three days there has been an almost
Missouri ard Nebraska, and as a result
there is now prospects OF a good wheat
crop
The amount Of wheat sOwn this year
per acre is larger than last year and, ae-
cording to well informed people. Kansas
has good prospects for yielding nearly
Loco. 600 bushels
The weather is also favorable to the
corn just planted which. because OF plenty
Of moisture, viii have a good start.
The evening times. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1895-1902, 1902-03-24
RECORD or DAIRY COWS,

The Census-U- 10 tlnds That New York
-'ade 1.-The List.
The Census .-r-Au reports the number
Of dairy cows on 7e farms Of the United
States as I7,l3oot4. The total value Of
the dairy products derived from these
COWS in 1899 is given as Sf72. 36s. 255. There
was produced a total OF 7.266. $50 ga gal
Ions o. milk. an average Of.4e3 gallons
per COW. Farms reporting cheesr manu-
featured, 1851. $50 pounds.
New York reports the largest number Of
dairy cows sol .6O8-aEd also the largest
value OF dairy products-$55. 41Etz5-s Penn
syIvania comes second &c. .he-salue Of
dairy products.
The evening times. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1895-1902, 1902-03-24
SHARKEY TO REMAIN.
To Be Retained in His Position Of Brook
Ign Naval Officer.

Senator Plat Of New York called at
the White House today. and it was def
nitely decided that Naval officer Sharkey
o. Brooklyn, viii be retained in that
position. Mr.. Sharkey was under serious
charges to the effect that he attempted
10 influence the course Of justice in the
case Of two minor oflcials. who were re-
moved from Office. Senator Plat has been
urgent in his support Of Mr.. Sharkey.
State Senator Nevada n. Stranahan will
succeed George R. Bidwell as collector Of
the port OF New York on April L
The evening times. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1895-1902, 1902-03-24

Hill H. a Candidate fer Governor.
SYRACUSE. y. Y. March 24.-Ex-Nayor
James K. Mcclure has Just returned from
visit TO David b. Hill He says HiI
old him he positively would net be a
-anliiafe for GoNernar.
The evening times. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1895-1902, 1902-03-24
Sentenced for Violating LIQUOR Law.

cenLeuCtu IOI FIUIatLLs LIqlUI LaE.-
John II. BrawneF was convicted in the
Police Court today Of selling whisky with
out license. and in default OF a fine OF
$500 went TO the WorkhoUse to serve sin
months Ii was said he ran a speak
easy in the neighborhOod Of the Govern
rent Printing Oeicc. Brawuer is abcCt
forty-fve years OF age. lie Is said to BE-
q chronic violatOr Of the liquor law. This
IS alleged 10 De the fourth time he has
been in court on similar charge
The evening times. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1895-1902, 1902-03-24
SPECIAL NOTICES.

BEST QUALITY GALVANIZED CHICKEN WIRE.
soc o hundred feet; best two and three ply falt
roofing less than factory price. :. BENSTNGER
CO. IIth and 3 We buy iron machinery
AID paper stocz- McClell2nd saddles $40
The evening times. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1895-1902, 1902-03-24

reg that he had TO stop his engine for four
minutes Loughrey was al the throttle
yesterday fer Mr. Cassatt and he had his
revenge, as IL were, for he made good hts
assertion that he made al the close OF
The Morgan run THAI but for the hold-uD
he would have covered the distance in
eighty minutes. He exactly struck the
tine schedule yesterday that he had map
ped out FOR himself
IT'S eighty minutes OF bustr' he had
exclaimed 20 Conductor J. C. Kerfuss
when the train started yesterday from
Philadelphia. He was a happy man when
The train drew into the Jersey City DEPOT
Just eighty minutes later
Hurried Departure From Philadelphia.
One OF the train men who made the
fast run told OF the hurried manner n
which the start was made from PhiIadeI-
Phia and OF the lightning dash To New
YORK He said that at l O'Clock yesfer-
Jay afternoon breathless porter ran INFO
&c BROAD street restaurant in Phliadel-
phia and shouted.
Dinner for five! Presidents private
car. Must leave in five minutes fjvlfy,
now" Live!
Three minutes later President A
Cassatt, his assistant. Afr. Patton 81
JOhh o. Johnson. the corpo-ation 49,
yer hurried through the gate and down
the platform.
Dinner Delayed Train.
Engine No. SO4. one Of the fastest NJ
the road, backed down and was couDIa5
TO the special train. composed Of a mas
senger coach and No. 60. the private car
Of President Cassatt. At los the ti-,o
set for leaving, everything was rod,
the engineer opened the fbrotfIo -
Slowly the big drivers began to move
On walt for the dinner" 1t was tho
pIeSicehl "hlte-cOated porter who gave
this signal II was as enectiye as a reJ
light. 90 d 'eu
For eight minutes the train waited
MeanWhlle things were doing IN ~
station restaurant. OF course there vas
no time to cook anything but there on
the steam table was a prime roast Of
peer, with potatoes In four different
sIyies and other vegetables good enough
Tor the president Of any corporation.
An expert carver cut Of i've portIons
OF roast beef In a jify. three waters
gathered up the hXlngs quicker than
they usually reach for tweut,- We
cent tip, and fourth deftly packed the
dishes and the food into a hamper.
Under this load a porter staggered
through the gates and down the platform
10 car No. 60. He was followed by an
other man carrying a pail filled with ice
and something else
When the basket and the pail had been
placed safely aboard eight minutes later
the train at lib pulled out Of the Phila-
delphia station.