davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1902-06-21
New Windsor Items.

Mrs. Louise Stuart, of Jacksonville, Fla,
was found dead Tuesday afternoon in the bath
room at the home of her sister, Mrs. Terry, in
New Windsor Mrs. Stuart had gone to the
bathroom and was found short time after
ward by Mrs. Terry's little niece. She was
lying partly in the bathtub, with one hand in
the water. tits supposed that she had leaned
over the tub to see if the water was of the
proper temperature and that she was stricken
with heart failure while in that position. Mrs.
Stuart was the widow of John Stuart who
died from shock produced by the jackson
vile fire. Her body was shipped TO FLORIDA
on Wednesday night.
The summer guests now registered at Hotel
Delman are-Mrs. A. NJ. Abbott, Misses
jamie and Anita Abbott, Mrs. Richard Welsh,
Mrs Austin NJ. knight, Master Richard
Knight, Miss Katherine Knight, Mrs. Ran.
doph Harrison, Mrs. Edward Eberle and
Master Edward Eberle, all of Annapolis, Md. /;
Mrs. L. L. Grinnell, Brookline, Mass; Miss
Mamie Sprignul, Washington, D. c.; Miss
Edith K. Oliver, Master Rennert and Miss
Eleanor Dieter, of Baltimore, Md.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1902-06-21
ADDITIONAL LOCAL.
TWO COURT OF APPEALS DECISIONS.
One In the well-Known New Windsor Alley
Case and the Other In Hard Fought
Road Case.

The Court of Appeals on Tuesday delivered
opinions in two cases appealed from the Cir
cult Court for Carroll. In one case the lower
court was sustained. In the other the lower
court was overruled.
One case was commonly known as the New
Windsor alley case. Disagreement arose be-
tween the Odd Fellows and Mrs George L..
Stocksdale, between whose properties there is
an alley, over their rights in the alley. Finally
the Burgess and Commissioners of New Wind
sor became involved, and Mrs. Stocksdale
broughtsuit against the Burgess and Commits
sioners for trespass and obtained a verdict for
damages done to steps, rain spouting and win
dow, projecting into the alley. The case was
appealed, Bond Il Parke representing the
Burgess and Commissioners and Charles Z.
Fink Mrs. Stocksdale, and argued at the April
term. Chief Judge McSherry delivered the
opinion of the court. The decision discusses
numerous questions of admissibility of EVIL
dence, and decides on the main question
that the improvements did not obstruct the
free use of the alley, that the town authorities
had committed trespass in removing them,
and that therefore damages were properly
awarded.
Gfst and Others vs.. Owings and Others.
The other case decided grew out of an effort
to have a new public road leading southwark
from Westminster through the Aims House
farm, among other property, which was OBJ
jected to by Mrs. Elizabeth Gist and others.
Alter much testimony and argument by Coun-
sci the County Commissioners declined to APP
point examiners. The matter was taken to
the Circuit Court and a jury rendered yer.
dict for the petitioners. The DIRECTORS moved
an arrest of judgment, which Judge Reifsnider
overruled, and judgment or decree was rem
dered on the verdict, appointing examinersto
locate and open the road, assess damages.
&C., and directed the Clerk of the Court to
issue commission to them. motion to
strike out this judgment was overruled, and
then an appeal was taken. Guy W. Steele
and B. +. Grouse represented the objectors
and Bond Il Parke and Jno. Milton Reifsnider
the petitioners. The chief point made by
counsel for the directors was that public prop.
erty dedicated for one public purpose could
not be diverted to another. Judge Boyd de-
ivered the opinion of the Court, and decided
that the Circuit Court exceeded their powers,
as the statute under which land is condemned
for roads could not apply to property already
in use for public purpose. This is the first
time the point has been raised in Maryland,
and the decision is an important one on that
account
Thus ends two cases that were stoutly con-
tested and in which much public interest was
excited
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1902-06-21
THE IsTHMIAN CANAL.
The Nicaragua and Panama Routes
Compared.

In speaking in favor of the Panama route
in the Senate on Monday, Senator Cullom, of
Illinois, said
''We are called upon TO select between a
route 1873 miles long and one 49 miles long;
between route costing $l89, 000, 900 and one
costing $104 zoo, 900; between a route which
will annually cost So, 800. 900 to operate. aud
maintain and one that will cost but 81, OOO,-
600 to operate and maintain; between a route
that will take but IL hours to navigate and
one that will take 33 hours; between route
that has been highway of commerce for 400
years and one that has never been used; be-
tween route the entire length of which there
is in operation railroad worth 81, 200, 600
and route with no transportation facilities.
For all these reasons the Panama route should
be selected"
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1902-06-21
Handsomely Entertained.

Reported for the Democratic Advocate.
The Ladies' Aid Society of Bethel NJ. E.
Church was handsomely entertained at Mrs.
Walter Engle's on the 18th of May, OF which
Mrs. Engle is member. There were 40 per-
sons present, including visitors.
The program consisted of music, beautifully
rendered by Miss Margaret Stem; reading,
solos and also by the graphophone.
Refreshments were served in abundance.
The sick were kindly remembered by gener-
Gus supply. The next meeting will be held
at the residence of Mrs. Charles Nicodemus.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1902-06-21
Two Changes in Pension Laws.

Two bills were passed by the House Of Rep
resentatives on Monday to amend the general
pension laws-one to provide for the restora-
ton to the pension rolls of the widows of SOL
diers who subsequently married aud were
again widowed and one to increase the pen
sion of those who have lost limb or were
totally disabled while in the military or naval
service. The latter bill also carried an i'm:
portant provision TO increase the pension OF q
soldier under the Dependent act of 1890 from
$12 to $50 per month when such pensioner
requires frequent or periodical attendance.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1902-06-21
weather record for the week.

June 14-mercury rs at a. m. aud 81 at
2 D. m. !; clear until noon; partly cloudy after
wards. June 15-mercnry "a at a. m. and
SO at 2 D. M; cloudy, followed by fair wealth
err. June 16-mercury u at a. IN. and "
at D. M; cloudy; rain from 8. Is until p.
IN. June 17-mercury 60 at Ia. m. and 76
at D. M; clear and blustery. June 18-
mercury 81 at a. m. and rs at 2 p. M; gen
erally clear. June 19-mercury SO at am.
and rs at p M; thunder gust from until
a. M; followed by generally fair weather.
June 20-mercnry 65 at a. M and SO at
N IN fair
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1902-06-21
A PPL1oATIoN FOR A PARDON

The State Of Maryland. !
Office of the Secretary of State.
ANNAPOLIS, June Is, 1902
To all Whom it may Concern:
Notice is Hereby Given, That application
has been made to His Excellency John Wal
ter Smith, Governor of Maryland, for the par.
don of CHARLES Bowers, who was convicted
at the May term, 1901, of the Circuit Court
for Carroll county, of larceny, three cases,
and sentenced to be confined in The Maryland
Penitentiary for 2 years in each case.
The Governor will take up the said case fol
final decision, on or after Monday, the 23rd
day of June, 1902, until which time protests
against such pardon will be heard, and the
papers filed open to inspection, at the discre-
ton of the Governor.
By order of the Governor,
WILFRED BATEMAN,
june2l 1t Secretary of State.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1902-06-21
The Philippine Debate.

At the opening of the session of the House
of Representatives on Monday Mr.. Cooper
wis. asked unanimous consent for the con-
sideration of a resolution to make the Philip
pine Civil Government bill special order
from June 10 to June &c, inclusive. The res.
olution provided for five days for general de.
bate, beginning at IL o'clock each day, and
for night sessions from to 10. 80 o'clock; for
two days consideration under the minute
rule, and final vote at O'Clock on Thurs
day, June 26.
Mr. Richardson, the minority leader, asked
if the effect of the rule would not be to cut of
all except committee amendments.
Mr.. Cooper denied this and said it was the
intention of the committee to allow the widest
latitude in amendment
There was no objection and the resolution
was adopted without division.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1902-06-21
Imperialism Denounced.

The Democrats of Maine nominated State
ticket and adopted ringing platform. On
Imperialism the platform declares
1--WE denounce the policy of imperialism as
practiced by Spain in Cuba, by the British
Government in America before the Revolu-
ton, by Great Britain in South Africa and by
the Republican Administration in the Philip
pines. We believe that the liberation of Cuba
was forced by the Democratic party and that
the same liberty should be granted to the
Philippines.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1902-06-21
I'm the Circuit Court for Carroll
Il County, in Equity.
No. 1913 EQUITY.

Elk parte, In the Matter of the Trust Estate
Of Jesse B. Powder.
Ordered this 9th day of June, 1902, that
the aforegoing report of sale of the real prop
erty mentioned in these proceedings. made
and reported by Charles E. Fink aud Francis
Neal Parke, Trustees, appointed under the
deed of trust of jesse B. Powder, to make
said sale, be ratified and confirmed unless
cause to the contrary thereof be shown on or
before the 14th day of July, 1902; provided
copy of this order be inserted in some news
paper published in Carroll county, once in
each of three successive weeks before the 9TH
day of July, 1902.
The report states the amount of sale of real
estate to be 81, 10000.
JAS. H. BILLTNGSLEA, Clerk.
True Copy,-Test:
jun IA 3t JAS. II. BILLINGsLEA, Clerk.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1902-06-21
Kilauea in Eruption.

Honolulu, June 10, via San Francisco
June 16.-Further reports from the Island o.
Hawaii indicate that the eruption of Kilaues
is continuing, and many people here are plan
ming to make the trip to witness the spectacle.
At last accounts the eruption did not amount
to more than rise of lava with sheets of flame
from the smaller crater to Halemauman.
The active crater, instead of being on an emf
nence, is down in basin seven or eight miles
in circumference, with PERCEPTIONS sides all
oropnH
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1902-06-21

Congressman Wachter has decided to seek
another term in Congress. He had almost
concluded to seek the Republican nomination
for Mayor of Baltimore, but William F. Airy,
whom McComas has left out in the cold in
making up the Federal State, has concluded
to seek the nomination, and Wachter stepped
back into the congressional field, where he
will have no opposition.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1902-06-21
MARRIED.

On June Is, 1902, at the Reformed Church par
sonage, Silver Run, Md, by Rev. j. Stewart Hat
man Ira Allison Rodkey, of Tyrone, Nd ana MISS
Mary Halter. of Silver Run.
On June l. 1902 in Uniontown, Nd, by Elder W.
p EngIar William o. Petry and Gertie May 1lng'
ling Of Wakefield Valley.
On lime Ia. 1902 in Uniontown, Nd, by Elder
W. p Englar, Samuel T. Tucker and bottle l.
Ecker, of Westminster.
At Uniontown, Nd, June 10, 1902. by Elder W
Philip Englar, Sterling III. angs and Carrie Lam
bert, both of New Windsor.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1902-06-21
NOTICE TO CREDITORS.

This is to give notice that the subscriber
has obtained from the Orphans Court OF
Carroll county, in Maryland, letters tesla
mentary on the Personal Estate of
PHILIP ]. YOOST,
late of York county, Pa. deceased. All persons
having claims against the deceased are hereby
warned to exhibit the same, with the vouchers
thereof legally authenticated, to the subscri-
Der, on OF before the 2lst day of January,
1903; they may otherwise by law be exclud
ed from all benefit of said estate.
Given under my hand this 10th day OF
June, 1902.
FREDERICK w. YOOST,
june21 At Executor
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1902-06-21
DUBLIC SALE.

|
By virtue of the power and authority of a
decree of the Circuit Court for Carroll coun-
! y, in Equity, in cause No. 1865, In Re the
estate of Jacob Kerchner, lunatic, passed on
the 29th day OF May, 1902, the undersigned
will offer at public SALE on the premises of
said Jacob herchner, situate about II miles
East of Manchester, in Carroll county, Md, on
WEDNESDAY, JUNE 18th, 1902,
at l o'clock p. m, sharp, all that valuable
tract of land, containing
ACRES, 2 ROODS AND PERCHES,
! more or less, improved with
Log Weatherboarded House, A<a2A-l
II stories high, with cellar; - =
good log stable for 2 horses and =
cows, wagon shed, corn crib, and other out
buildings; fine spring of water: young orchard;
all under good fencing There is some tim
Der, ard the land is in fair state of cultiva-
| ton and worthy the attention of purchasers.
Two outlets are mentioned in the deed, as
reserved for wagon road, for horses and wagon.
Also at the same place on the same day, at
100 D. m, will sell the following personal
property of Jacob Kerchner, viz: 2 cook
stoves, tables, 2 beds, lot Of bed clothing, 2
stands, ! desk, chairs. double barrel gun,
rocking chair, dishes, tubs, baskets, pans,
pair check lines, halterS, new 6-f0ot cross
cut saw, dough tray, chest, carpet, mirrors,
pots, washing tubs, potatoes, barrels, peck,
e-half bushel, lantern, shoemaker tools,
saws, hammer, 2-horse wagon, wagon bed,
grndstone. lot of cat wood, harness, ladders,
plows. iron kettle, maui and wedges, screen
door, wheeibarrow. augars, forks, hoes, axes,
shovels. and many articles too numerous 10
mention,
TERMS OF SALE.
For the Personal Property-All sums under
S. 90, cash; on all sums of $500 and upwards
a credit of six months will be given, on note
with approved security, bearing interest from
day of SALE
For the Real Estate-One- third of the pur-
chase money cash on day of sale or upon rati-
fcation thereof by the Court; the balance in
six and twelve months; the credit payments to-
bear interest from the day of sale, and to be-
secured by the notes of the purchaser, with
approved security, bearing interest from day
of sale. A deposit of 500. 90 will be required
of the purchaser on day of sale.
GEORGE l.. STOCKSDALE,
Committee and Trustee of Joseph Kerchner,
Lunatic. may3l is
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1902-06-21

Baltimore will soon be the richest city in
the world, and the accumulation will be the
result of disposing of sunproductive assets"
Following the sale Of the Western Maryland
Railroad for nearly nine millions of dollars,
comes the realization on claim of $104, 900
against the United States Government for
expenses during the War of 1912.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1902-06-21
A -Four Days Snow in France.

PERPIGNAN, FBANoE, June 17.-It has been
showing steadily here for four days. The
Cantons of Mont Louis, Saillagouse and
Prades have been visited by unprecedented
frosts for this time of the year. The farmers
in those districts are in despair.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1902-06-21
ITO FARMERS.

TO FARMERS.
The threshing season is near at hand and
will be ready to do your work with the best
machines made.
have two GEISER THRESHING MA
CHIMES, one new and the other in fine order.
Terms.-Set $400 From 500 TO 1000
bushels day. New machine, for wheat, 8
cents bushel, 10 per cent. off for cash. Old
machine, p cents a bushel.
CLOVER HULLING.
am prepared with a New Huller, with
Wind Stacker and Self Feeder, to hull clover
whenever the clover is ready for the machine.
All work will be done promptly and in the
best manner. Grain will be cleaned for mar
ket or for seeding.
JEFF. D. HOOPER,
jun IA 3t* Taylorsville, Md.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1902-06-21

The official count in the recent Oregon
election shows that Chamberlain, Democrat,
for Governor, has majority of 256. At the
last election the Republican majority was
over II, 900. This is big straw from the
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1902-06-21
1sT OF UNCLAIMED MATTER

r IST OF UNCLAIMED MATTER
IL remaining in the Postofice, Westmin-
ster, Nd, June IA, 1902:
Copenhaver, Mr.. Osborne, Frank NJ:
Charles T. Park, Miss Anna B.
Cole, Mrs Maggie Park Miss Mary
Dressler, Mrs. Eliza ]. Pearce, Mr.. Geo.
Godfrey, Mr.. Charles Radcliff, Mr..
Michael, Mr.. Peter Ritchie Miss Lola
Myers, Mr.. Jerome A. Walter, Jacob, Esq.
Persons calling for matter IN the above list
will please say it was advertised.
iune21 MILTON SCHAEFFER, p. M.
UTARFiELD'S Fertilizers give surpris-
w ing results. He will send you letters
from his customers saying so. june q
DIVIDEND NO. 2.
Union Mills Savings Bank,
Union Mills. Nd, June 7, 1902.
The President and Directors of this bank
have this day declared semi annual dividend
of
THREE PER CENT.
upon the capital stock of the bank, payable
iune21 st C. E. BANKERT, Treas.
UTANTED.-A sober, honest and indus
w
trious Young man to learn the milling trade.
Apply at the office of
Herring BROS,
Springfield Roller Mills,
june21 St Sykesville, Nd.
EARM FOR SALE.-A valuable farm
Il on Turnpike, miles from Westminster,
containing about 160 Acres; frst-class i'm
provemenls; easy terms. Call on George A.
Miller, at Clerks Office, or the undersigned.
WILLIAM MILLER,
June u If Sandy Mount.
UTARFIELD, at Sykesville, has 1900
w Grain Sacks for hire. june q
n Elastic Stockings $500.
t1 ABDOMINAL SUPPORTERS,
NJ TRUSSES, Etc. Descriptive Catalogue
SpTAVITJ Ioos spprtns Garden ST.
[an11 e.o.w.-y
UTARFIELD at Sykesvile will sell you
w IA to 16 per cent Rock for $1,000.
Why pay more. june Il
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1902-06-21

Near Reisterstown Nd, on June 16, 1902. William
G. Stocksdale in his 37th year. son of Lewis d. ana
Catherine E Stocksdaie, of Carroll county, Mo
Church South ON Wednesday afternoon
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1902-06-21

"TARFIELD'S Wheat and Grass Mix
w ture is only 20 cents acre more
than Rock and will produce TO bushel
wheat more to the acre-which is the cheap
est? june q
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1902-06-21
Bond q ParIke, Solicitors.
MORTGAGES SALE
BILE FA r M,
Near Winfield, Carroll County, Maryland

By virtue of the power and authority con-
tanned in the mortgage deed from George w.
Barnes and Martha V. Barnes, his wife, to
Lewis C. lille and Lydia F. lille, dated De-
cember 4th, 1899, and recorded among the
Real Estate Mortgage Records of Carroll
County, in Liber ]. II. B., No. 43, folio 255,
etc., the undersigned mortgages will sell at
public sale, on the premises, on
SATURDAY, JULY Is, 1902,
at one o'clock D. M, all that tract of land
containing
POP ACRES OF LAND, MORE OR LESS,
situated on the Old Liberty Road, about one
mile and a quarter from Winfield, Carroll
county, Maryland, and adjoining the lands of
Theodore Hoffman, William Bowers, Andrew
P. Frizzell and others, and being the property
now occupied by said George W. Barnes.
This property is improved by two sets of build
ings, the first set consisting of atwo and one
half story Weatherboarded -
Dwelling, bank barn, straw ka,b
shed, dairy and all other neces- NE
sary buildings, and the second Um8z7
of a two and one-half story Weatherboarded
Building, bank barn, corn house, wagon shed
and other necessary outbuildings. These build
ngs are so located as to permit the division of
the whole tract into two farms with distinct
set of buildings on each. The land is we'll
watered, is under good cultivation, with young
orchards of apples and other fruit. This prop
erty is convenient to churches, stores, schools
and creamery, and offers exceptional advan-
tages as dairy farm.
Terms of sale.-One third cash upon the
day of sale or on tae ratification of the same
by the Court the residue in two equal pay
ments of nine and eighteen months each; or
all cash at the option of the purchaser. The
credit payments to bear interest from the day
of sale and to be secured by the notes of the
purchaser with approved security.
LEWIS C. ZILE,
LYDIA F. ZILE,
Joseph w. Berret, auct. Mortgages.
june21 is
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1902-06-21
7 he Manufacturer
asked us last week if we were selling
FERTILIZERS for profit or to ac-
commodate the FARMERS. They could
not see where we had profit at
$40 for ROCK.
Sill for BONE And POTASH.
SIG for WHEAT And
GRASS MIXTURE.

We believe in living and let live. We
understand that the farmer must buy his
goods at the lowest possible price in order
to make anything over and above his
maintenance.
We have contracted for 1900 tons of
FERTILIZER for the fall trade, and
are depending on you to help us out.
Remember,
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1902-06-21

FORCES Creek Coal is recognized as
VI the best coal for threshing, Warfeld
at Sykesyile sells it. june q
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1902-06-21

The first general rain in ten weeks fell in
Calvert county last Monday.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1902-06-21
DIED.

No charge for Marriages and Deaths Obituaries and
Verses cents u line.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1902-06-21
THE MARKETS.
WESTMINSTER MARKETS.

By N. /. Gorsuch Il Son.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1902-06-21

See Sykesville Market in
this paper.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1902-01-25
OTHER GRAIN MARKETS.

West Superior. Wis.-Close: Wheat
Cash, No. hard. 77%c; No. / northern,
74Ac: No. 2 northern, 72Ac; No. spring
7014c; to arrive, No. hard, TIC; No.
oats. 1910. Rye, SIC. Barley. 4sg58c. Corn Corn
Sic. Flax-Cash. s1.6534c; to arrive, 81. 66I4
January, 81 .65z; May, s.. $50
Milwaukee, Wis.-Flour steady Wheat
steady; No. | northern. 7s1k077c; No 1
northern IN 75g76c; May, 7s3zc;, puts, 79ci
ley dull; No. 2, 63c; sample, 5266l1ac. Oats
lower; No. 2 white, 461aG47c. Corn-May,
6Sc; puts, 623sc; calls 63sse.
No: red, cash, elevator, Ss7sc; May, seq
@S6se; July, 7914c; No. 2 hard, 78lsG81e.
Corn-No. 2, cash, 60a4c; May 645aGI64s4
July, s4@647sc. Oats lower; No. 2, cash,
4ac; May, 1910; July, 39c; No. 2 white,
81 4So144 e Lead duh, $Ss712. Spelter duh,
Toledo. Ohio-Wheat dull and steady:
cash, SS12c; May, 61zc; July, S21ae. Corn
active; May, 631sc; July, 637se. Oats quiet;
Ne May, 4elsc; July, 4lc; February, 631ze.
Clever seed quiet; January, s5.S71z;
Kansas City, Kan.-Close: Wheat
May. fT1ac; July, 761ac; cash No.2 hard, 76c;
No. red, SIC. No. spring, 741zQ75c
2 mixed. 629sSc; No white, ssas5kc.
Oats-No. white. 47647Ac
Liverpool Wheat-Spot No red West
ern winter steady. IS ID; No. northern
firm. IS Cd; futures duh; March, IS lad:
May, 6s I'D.
Corn-Spot steady; American mixed.
new, IS I'd; American mixed, old, SIS I'D
futures quiet; February, IS SAD; March.
Paris wheat closed unchanged: -four Iin-
changed to lie lower per go lbs.
Antwerp wheat closed unchanged.
Daily Wheat Movement.