Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1902-12-30
sign Of PROSPERITY
Carol D. Wright Says Mort
cages Indicate Good Rather
Than Bad Times
ADDRESS SCIENCE CONVENTION
Some Interesting Deductions Made
From the Census Classification of the
Reasons for Mortsa sing Homes and
Farms in America-Professor Flower
on Oil as Fuel.

Washington, Dec. 30.-The American
Association for the Advancement of
Science began its fifty second annual
meeting here yesterday. The attend
ance was large, Professor Asaph Hail,
United States navy, the retiring presi-
dent, called the meeting to order and
introduced President Elect Dr. Ira
Remsen, who presided. Addresses of
welcome We're delivered by Dr. Charles
D. Walcott, in behalf of the Washing
ton academy of science, and other sci
entific societies; Henry B. F. MacFar-
land, on behalf of the District of Column
bia; David j. Hill, on behalf of the ma
tional government, and DR.. Charles w.
Needham, president of Columbian I'm
iversity, on behalf of the educational
institutions of Washington.
Carroll D. Wright, commissioner of
labor and vice president of the section
of social and economic science, spoke
on THE Psychology of the Labor Cues
ton" He said in part:
Observation and experience, cover
ing many years of investigation of va
rious elements of the labor question,
have convinced me that there are I'M
DERIVING features which can not be
reached by the statistical method; that
the mental attitude of parties has very
much to do with the labor question,
from whatever standpoint it is consid-
cred. This is we'll illustrated by the
Statistics relative to mortgages.
AT the eleventh census an attempt
was made to classify the cause or the
reasons for mortgaging homes and
farms. 1t was shown that nearly 80 per
cent of the mortgages indicated pros
perity rather than the reverse. The
desire to add to the original holding, or
to raise money for business operations,
or to educate children, or for the inn
provement of existing property, was
the motive. All these indicate some
thing entirely different from the pre-
vailing impression that a mortgage
represents disaster, or failure, or some
i'll condition. The balance OF 5 per
cent represented the lack of business
capacity. some form Of failure or dis
aster coming to the proprietor. So in
the labor problem one can ascertain
the total number of strikes and the APP
parent causes, losses, etc, but the real
motive of the strike can not be disclosed
by the statistics, and often the psychol-
ogical, point of view must be studied,
and the apprehensions and fears of the
strikers considered.
Modern Tendencies in the Utiliza-
ton Of Power, was the topic of the
address Of Professor John Joseph Fla
Their, vice president of the section of
mechanical science and engineering. He
said that the labor cost in most ma
chine shops and other works is so much
greater than the cost Of power that any
expedient by which the labor cost may
be appreciably reduced is justified, even
tho the efficiency of the agent itself
be low The principal thing to be kept
in mind is the desired increase in eff
ficiency of the shop plant in the turn
ing out of product with a reduction
in the time and labor items, without
especial reference to the fuel items in
volved in the power production.
he said that enthusiasm for new meth
DDS rather than good judgement has
controlled in many of its applications.
AT the same time when the require
ments are properly observed in it's pro-
duction and use, it's economy as
motive power in special cases COM
aares favorably with other systems.
e compressed air and electricity, each,
aid, has it's own field of usefulness.
Inc utlook for oil fuel in general com
peutlo, with coal or long distance
electric transmission, he said, is not
Iencouraghs.
II is Marty probable, he said, that
liquid fuel WOULD be a serious COM
petitor or Goa. notwithstanding it's
many advantages, The gas engine, ne
said, in both large ani small sizes
has reached a point in til development
where it can fairly riva the steam
engine in satisfactory running quail
tiles. In point of fuel ecoiomy a gas
engine of moderate size is d a parity
with the largest triple expansion
steam engine. The professor said we
may look with much hope u,on the
still higher development of CHEAP fuel
gas processes that will bring the gas
engine into very general succession to |
the electric motor for many purposes.
The American Chemical society. one
of the largest of the bodies affiliated I
with the society, also held it's Initial
session today, with an attendance of T
about 200 persons. The principal ad 7
dress was made by DR.. e. A. de |
Schweinitz. chief of the biochemic d.
vision of the department of agriculture.
In his discussion of tuberculosis he an /
nounced that virulent tuberculosis
germs obtained from human would
cause the disease in cattle.
Nothing New in Union Pacific Strike.
New York, Dec. 30.-The Union Pa
cific strike conference, reported to have
been arranged for between e. H. Har-
rinan and labor leaders, representa-
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