davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The silver blade. (Rathdrum, Idaho) 1895-1903, 1902-02-08
Notice OF Forfeitu re.
TO JOHN HOLM.

TO JOH n HOLM.
You are hereby notified that we,
your coowners have expended during
the year 1901 one hundred dollars for
labor and Improvements upon the
Bonanza miuing claim or quartz lode.
situated in unOrganizrd mining dis
trict in Kootenai county, state Of
Idaho, and unless yon pay or cause to
he paid your portion of said expendi-
ture amounting to thirty three and
one third dollars for your one third
intrest in said BoHanza mining claim
for the year 1901, together with costs
of this advert iSenlent, within ninety
days after. the first publication hereof,
your interest in said claim will become
the property of the undersigned, your
cO-owners. who have complied with
every requirement Of the United
States statues and the laws of Idaho.
John G. Callahan.
w. d. Reinhart.
irst publicatien January %, 1902
The silver blade. (Rathdrum, Idaho) 1895-1903, 1902-02-08
Notice of First Meeting Of Creditors.

In the district court of the United States for
the district of Idaho. northern division.
In the matter ~ louis Pop and Charles
Martin. copaLt ncrs, aiikrupl-.
To the creditors uf Louis Popp and Charles
Martin In the County of KoOtenai, district
aforesaid, bunkrupfs:
Notice is hereby gixen that on the sixth
day OF January. 1902. the said Louis Popp
and the partnership OF Popp & Martin were
duly adjudgen bankrupts. That tile first
meeting Of creditors of said bankrupts and
said partnership viii be held az Rathdrum
kootenai County. Idaho, on the 18th day of
February, 1902, at the hour OF 10 o'clock in
the forenoon. At which time time said cred
itOrs may attend and prove their claims.
appoint a trustee, examine the bankrupt
and transact sucn other business may
properly come before said meeting.
Dated this LIST day of February, 1902
ROBERT s. MCCRAE
Referee in bankruptcy.
The silver blade. (Rathdrum, Idaho) 1895-1903, 1902-02-08
SHERIEE'S SALE.

By virtue OF q judgment and orcre ~ fore.
losure and order OF sale issued n,lt af he Dis-
trict Court OF the First judicial i,istrict in
ana for Kootenai county on tbs 81 IN day Of
January, 1909, by the clerk, beroOf. In the
case OF Albert Dildine, plaintii.i vs. Isabel
Robbins and Lester Robbin- ni.r -busban,i,
defendants. and to me- as sheriff, directed
and delivered I will proceed 10 sell Tor cash,
lawful money OF the United states. at the
hour no. or 10 O'CLOCK e. m; on ri,s 2alh day Of
February, A. D, 1902. IN front IT he Court
house door, In the town % Rn,sfdrrm. In
kootenat county. state of lt'uha the follow
Ing de scribed property to-~i:
Lot No. seven In block one IN The town Of
Standpoint, kOOtenai count. id;,ln, accord
ing 70 the plat of said town slice ,he re-
corder OF Kuotenai county .Iduh . ON he 18th
day OF June. 1903, levied on ms ,hr property
Of Isabel Robbins and L'tcr Robbins. her
husband, to satisfy u judgnc4i amounting
TO $3.50. 10 IN favor Of Albert Dii,i'. md costs
and accruing costs.
Given under my hand this Bora day ~ .Ian-
uary, 1902.
C.wDYER shedk
+. III BRADBURY Deputv
The silver blade. (Rathdrum, Idaho) 1895-1903, 1902-02-08
Estray Notice.

Notice is hereby given that !, the
undersigned,s have taken UP the fol-
lowing described estrays, at my
home four miles southwest Of Rath-
drum. Kootenai County, Idahu, on
the 18th day OF Jan. 1902.
Said estrays are described as fol-
lows;
One sorrel mare with star Ia face,
one hind foot white, age about two
wears, weight about 800 pounds. =
One whiOe mare about IA years old,
weight about $50, branded o on left
shoulder and heart on right thigh.
The owner can have the abnve
property by calling at nv ham. n,.-
Ing charges and proving his s,v ..rly.
G. N. PliiC.s.
The silver blade. (Rathdrum, Idaho) 1895-1903, 1902-02-08
Notice Of Issue Of Attachment.

In the district conrt OF the First III i.,al DIS
trict OF the state OF Idaho In anu Tor the
county OF KootenaI
q. e. Riggs and b. l.. Walrad.
Plaintiffs
VS.
Peter Lindstrom, defendant.
Notice is hereby giFen that a writ OF at
tachmenL In the above entitled cause l.i,s
been issued out OF the district court OF The
First judicial district Ut the state OF dah0
in and for The county of kootcnai AGAINST
the properly OF Peter LindstrOm the def. nu-'
ant In the above entitled cause.
In testimony whereof l have hereunto set
my hand and affixed the seal OF the said dis
trict court. this the list day of February, 1902.
[sEAL] JNO. G. CALLAHAN.
Clerk OF the District Court.
The silver blade. (Rathdrum, Idaho) 1895-1903, 1902-02-08
Notice Of Forfeiture.
To JOHN McFEE.

You are hereby notified that I, your co..
owner. has expended during TIE .se.rs
1888 1894 1885, 1926 1897 1898. 1890. 1900 ara 1907
lars for labor and improvements ups
on the Circle quarts lode mining claims,
situatedin the Pend d. Oreilie mining district,
pay or cause to be paid your proportion Of
said expenditure amounting for your two
ffths interests in said claims to $50 for the
years 1893. 1894, 1895. 1895. 1897. 1898, 1889 1900
and 1901 together with the cost OF this ad-
vertisement.. within ninety days after the
publication hereof, your interests In said
claims will become the property OF the
undersigned your co-owner, who has com
piled with every requirement. OF the United
States statues and the laws of Idaho.
JOSEPH w. ROOF
The silver blade. (Rathdrum, Idaho) 1895-1903, 1902-02-08

Notice is hereby given that /, the
undersigned, did on the 18th day Of
January 1902. at my ranch six miles
west Of Rathdrulr, Kootenai county,
Idaho, take up an estray animal de-
scrihed as follows:
One bay mare with white star 10
forehead, weight about 100 pouads,
blotch brand or scar on left shoulder.
Owner can have said mare by call
Ing at my place, paving charges and
proving his property.
S. G. GARrEN.
The silver blade. (Rathdrum, Idaho) 1895-1903, 1902-02-08
Notice OF Forfeiture.
TO VIM. J. LINDSAY and O. FRENzEN.

You are hereby notified that |. your CO.
one hundred dollars for labor and 1mproves
ments upon the Graphite mining claim or
quartz lode, situated In the Priest Lake
OF Idaho, and unless You BAY or cause to-
be paid your portion OF said ex penditssc
amounting to $4,000 for your hall interest
1901 together with costs OF this ad vertisp-
nent. within ninty days after the FIRST
publican ton hereof your interest In said
undersigned, your co-owner, who has COM
piled with every requirement Of the United
States statutes and the laws of Idaho.
ANDREW GOBLIN,
First publication January I8. 1902.
The silver blade. (Rathdrum, Idaho) 1895-1903, 1902-02-08

In the matter of the surveying Of
the Mullen road.
The surveyor having heretofore been
ordered to survey and plat a part Of
the Mullen road as county road and
after having viewed the same he re-
ported that the present grades were
too steep for county road and re-
commended that the road be relocated
instead Of surveyed and plated on
the present location; on motion the
report OF surveyor was approved.
Al this time commissioner S H
Watkins made the following report
which had been agreed upon In his
conference with the Latah county
commissioners and the two county sur.
veyurs In relation to the boundry line
between Latah and Ko1tenai countie
viz.
Boundary line agreement between
the county commissioners Of Kootenai
and Latah counties Idaho.
In the matter of arriving at an a.
greement as to provisional boundary
line between Latah and Kootenai
counties Idaho. for the purpose of as
sessing etc. Latah county being repre-
sented by A H Charles, county com
missioner and d w Hannah county
surveyor and Kootenai county by S.
Fl. Watkins county commissioner and
VIM. Ashley Jr. county surveyor.
After careful consideration it was
mutually agreed to leave that portion
Of boundary line along southwest line
OF Couer d. Alene reservation as at
present located aud starting at a point
near S i corner OF said reservation
where the section line between secti-
ens q and % TIP 43 NR4 w of Boise
Meridian lntersects said Occur d.
The silver blade. (Rathdrum, Idaho) 1895-1903, 1902-02-08

In the District Court OF the First Judicial
District of the State of Idaho, in and for
kootenai County.
Butler & Culver, Plaintiffs.
VS.
Peter Lindstronl. Defendant.
Notice is hereby given that writ OF at
tachment in the above entitled cause has
been issued GU. OF the district court of the
FIRST judicial district of the state OF Idaho,
in and for the county of Kootenai. against
the property Of Peter Lnstrom. the DEFEND
ant in the above entitled cause.
49,, Is' Testimony whereof + rave
: sEALf hereunto set MY hand aner AFT ixeds
'--' the scai' OF the said distriat court
tasistbe 29tlr dry o. January. 1902.
moo CALLAHAN
oslerlr bislrict Court
The silver blade. (Rathdrum, Idaho) 1895-1903, 1902-02-08

The bill of Amos McA hee for servi-
ces watching bridge for criminal, "a
mounting To $40 was rejected tor the
reason that the bill stated that servi.
ces were rendered by order of the
Sheriff, but the Sheriff claims to know
nothing Of such order
The bill of G.. w. Dawson, for SER
vices rendered as jurors in justice
court during November 1899 amount
ing to So 25 was rejected for the reas-
on that the bill is too old and if same
was presented tn former board and
was rejected he had his remedy in an
appeal.
The following bills were after due
examination rejected as not proper
charges against the county, as there
Is no provision in law for allowing
witness fees in justice courts, viz.
The silver blade. (Rathdrum, Idaho) 1895-1903, 1902-02-08
Alias SUMMONS.
In the Justice court, Hope precinct, County
OF kootenai, State OF Idaho.
N. g. Sisson, Plaintiff
VS..
[. j. Watson, Defendant.
STATE (lE IDAHO


To G. J. Watson, the above famcd
Defendant:
You are hereby required to appear In an
action brought against you by the above
named plaintiff In the justice court Hope
precinct, county OF Kootenai. state OF Idaho,
and to anser the. complaint filed therein at
the time hereinafter designated, or Judgment
by default will be taken against You accord
Ing to the prayer Of said complaint
The said action Is brought to recover OF
you the sum OF thirty -One dollars ana nine
five cents tS3l.95) AS principal and costs of
protest.
And you are hereby notified that IL you
fall TO appear and answer said complaint at
O'Clock y. m. on the third day OF March,
1902 the said plaintiff vii, take Judgment
against you in the sum of thirty dollars
and ninety-fve cents together with costs of
suit.
Dated at my Office In Hope precinct, in
said county OF kootenAi. this 18th day Of
January. A. ID. 1902.
II. L. BTDWELL.
Justice OF the Peace.
Hope Precinct. County OF Kootenai, state
Of Idaho.
The silver blade. (Rathdrum, Idaho) 1895-1903, 1902-02-08

The following bills were after due
examination allowed and the Auditor
Is hereby authorized to draw warrants
for the several amounts allowed as
follows.
Thomas Whelpley as overseer of dist.
NO So. ....... .....,...e 70 On
Thomas Whelpley supplies for road dist.
NO. 3d.. t........... ............. as
}. +. Bauer as overseer of road dist. No.
o.... ................. go IA 30
hiram Herring us overseer OF road dist
NO. |5........ OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES % Is
Il. M. Gooby as Overseer OF road dist
NO. 10 OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES. 8 90
Charles v. Caldwell as overseer Of road
DIST No. 25............ ..... IA 90
Antoine f. SOrrensOn lumber for road
ulst. NO. ~ ............ ........... ] 90
jacob Christensen as overseer OF road
oist NO o.. ................... 80 90
Joseph Martin as overseer of road dist
NO. l4......... ........................... 81 90
Joseph Martin as overseer of road dist
NJ ia.'....'..'...... ............ o 90
Moved ny Commissioner Bush that
reward Of $50 0U be aud the same is
hereby offered the apprehension and
delivery Of one Ellis Martin fugitive
from justice charged with the crime
OF rape to the sheriff of Kootenai
County Idaho; a vote being taken on
the above motion it was passed by the
following vote. w. w. Bush and II.
d. McKinnis voting in favor OF said
motion and S. Fl. Watkins voting a.
gainst said motion, for the reason that
he finds no law authorizing the Board
to offer 4 reward.
The report Of Joseph Martin rs over
seer Of Dist. No. IA was on motion
duly approved.
The official bond OF w. f. Whitaker
AS Justice of the Peace of Standpoint
Precinct was on motion duly approved
The following bills were at this time
taken up and after due consideration
allowed, and the Auditor is hereby
authorized to draw warrants for the
several amounts allowed as follows:
M
The silver blade. (Rathdrum, Idaho) 1895-1903, 1902-02-08

,.
the Peace Observation-Disclosures. .&2 20 as
John Wales Juror In Justice Court. 2 25
Charles Riser. Juror in Justice Court 25
Thomas Holdship Juror Justice Court. 2 25
George Jergensen, Juror justice court. 225
Elmer Filbrick, juror justice court. .... 2 rs
p. 2. Bothel. juror justice court...... 2 %
g. W. Dawson. juror justice court. ..... gas
A. j. Kent cOnstable's fees. ......... IS 80
Amos McAbee. constable's fees. ......... IL so
II. l.. Bidwell, justice fees. ............. 90
Grant Haptonstall, Juror Justice court. Is
w. E. Dawson, juror Justice COURT. 2 rs
r. b. Bothel, juror in Justice court.... 2 25
W. H. Lemley, Justice fees ............. $40
Charles Gertum, Justice fees.... ........ 90
p. Whitcomb, justice fees 81 allowed. 90
@: h. Sheffield constable fees sl1 allow
ed ss
The silver blade. (Rathdrum, Idaho) 1895-1903, 1902-02-08
Notice Of Issuance Of an Attachment.

Last publication January 4th 1902.
The silver blade. (Rathdrum, Idaho) 1895-1903, 1902-02-08
Alias Summons.

F. H BRADBURY. Deputy. "
Waterbury Democrat., 1902-12-24
Naw York Markefa.

FLOUR-Dull, but steady; Minnesota patents, $4@420: winter straights, $3.4 .45@ 355; winter extrass> $2. S5@3. .15; winter pat Wi tM1SHiTEATWHigher TS.ASgTTHih on cables, export talk and covering, but later eased off; May,
 RYEISteady; state, 55Q56c., c. 1. r., New York; No. western, 583zc., f. o. b., afioa t.
 CORN-Steady to firm on covering and the cables; January, 54c.; May, 48 7-l6q
 OATs-Firm, but quiet; track. white, state, 38@43c.; track. white, western. $ ePfSo6RK ePfSo6RK-ouiet; mess. s1S@1s5o; family. '1i. 1Ii.ARD-ouiet; prime western steam.
 BUTTER Unsettled; state dairy. 2oa
 CHEESE-Firn; state, full cream, fam cy. small. colored, fall made, 13M@14c: fate made 13Q131zc. small, white. fall made. 1894 614c.; late made, 1391S14c.; large, coiored. fall made. 13%Q14c.: late made 1sG1SAc. large, white. fall made. lSAQ
 EGGS-Irregu1ar; state and Pennsylva- mia. average best, 2sc.; western, fancy sFadSeHA SHEAR. Raw steady; fair refining 3 7-16c centrifugal, 96 test, 3 15-16c.; re- fined steady: crushed, 5.45c.: powdered, 4sTf sTTGfiRPENTINE-Firm at 55@551ko.
 MOLASSES-Firm; New Orleans, S29 ORfIcE-ouiet; domestic, 41l@szc.; Japan 4Z65Nc., nominal.
 1TA[LoW-Quiet city, 57sc.; country. ca HAY-steady; shipping, 55@7oc.; sssd tc choice, 95c. d$1.
Waterbury Democrat., 1902-12-24
LACkAWANNA STEEL.
An Independent Company Receives First Ore-Plant Nearly Ready.

An Independent Company Receives
 First 'Ore-Plant Nearly Ready.
 BUFFALO, Dec. 24.-The Lacka- awanna Steel company, the largest independent steel manufacturing con- cern in the world, has just received its first consignment of ore from upper lake points. The steamer Moses Fay Tor, with 6,200 tons of ore, steamed up the new ship canal to the steel com pany's mammoth new plant and an- chored at the unloading dock.
 The arrival of the steamer, which marked the opening of the plant, was made the occa sion for noisy celebra- tion along the water front. Whistles shrieked, blasts of powder and dyna- mite boomed a thunderous salutation, and many flags futtered in the wintry breeze.
 The Lackawanna company has a capital stock of $40,000,0OO. Arthur Scranton, president of the company, has said that the company will never be absorbed by the steel trust. The manufacture of steel will be under way in a few weeks. The company will employ about 15,000 men. The buildings, all of which are completed and installed with the latest ma chinery, cover an area of about two square miles
Waterbury Democrat., 1902-12-24
WALDORF APPLAUDs NEwsBoY
Lad Sprang to Head of Runaway
 Horse and Stopped It's Gailop.

Lad Sprang to Head of Runaway
 Horse and Stopped It's Gallop.
 New York. Dec 24.-While many pa irons of the Waldorf-Astoria were look ing on, Carl Vanderpool, a newsboy, brought runaway horse to a stop at Fifth avnue and Thirty fifth street last night. .-.
 The horse was attached to a cab and was being driven up tlfth avenue by John Murray. The traces broke and the horse, becoming frightened, bolted and daushed up the avenue. Persons on the street raised a cry, and when the runaway came in sight at Thirty fourth street Vanderpool dropped his papers, ran out into the street and waited. When the horse came along Vanderpool jumped for it's head and caught the reins. The horse shook it's head. but Vanderpool chung on and finally managed to bring the horse to 9 stop at Thirty-fifth street. Wander pool is only 15 years old.
 A crowd gathered around him and cheered S-ld many threw coins to him. The boy bowed in acKnowIedgemen and picked up the money Murray came running up and, after batting the boy on the back, gave him S5 bill.
 Gee. I'll have a good Chrismus after all,' chuckled Vanderpool as he disappeared in the crowd -.
Waterbury Democrat., 1902-12-24
NIL MARCH ON CARACAS
The Revolutionists Have All Plans Made for Attack

The Ten Days Ar1nistice Ends To
 Morrow-President, Castro's Posi-
 ton Is Now Considered Dangerous,
 AS He Is Attacked By Foreigners AS
 Well AS By His Own People.
 ,Villemstad, Island of Curacao, Der 23.--(By boat from La Guaira.) The reyoiutionists strengthened by the im- possibility of the governments SUD- pressing the smuggling of arms and ammunition into the country and by the fact that it has no longer any fleet at its disposal, have made ans wer to President Castro's proposition that they will turn their arms against the foreigners who have attacked Venezuela by referring him to General Matos. their only chief capable of dealing with the matter. The rebels have regained courage. The govern ment which signed with them an ar mistice of ten days, which ends to- morrow, has $500 men. at BarQuisi- meto and 2,5O0 near Caracas, but all others who had enrolled themselves to fight against the foreigners have re- tired.
 Tho revolutionists have planned a march on Caracas by three roads; the leaders, Ramos, Antonio Guevara, Ur- baEeta and Penaloza, with 2,5O0 men will march via Guatire; Antonio Fer nandez, Oslo and Crespo Torres with 2,500 more have left Camanagua, and General Rolando- with 2,500 trops will go from Alta Gracia. Ammunition is expected to arrive every day near Tucacus. 3S
 The situation for President Castro is considered to be again perilous; at- tackled by foreigners and his own counnymen he can with difficulty re- sist the shocks. as the governments resources have @anished. The presi- dents departure for La Victoria is for the purpose of trying to check the near advance to the capitol of the revolu- tionists.
 General Matos will leave Curacao shortly - ....
Waterbury Democrat., 1902-12-24
R|ONkN SHOT NAN DEAD
Fearing Tpouble She Armed
 Herself With a Revolver.

When the Man Attacked Her She Shot
 Once, Killing Him Instantly-The
 Man Was Employed by the Woman's
 Husband, and During the Latter's $
 Absence Made the Attempt Which
 Cost Him His Life.
 Buffalo, \. Y., Dec 24-A special to the News from Bradford, Ia, says:
 At Oliveda4e, d small hamlet near here, yesterday, Mrs Edward Burdick shot John Ryan dead in defense of her honor. Her husband works during the day at a factory. Ryan entered the Woman'S house. She saw him coming and fearing trouble got the pistol out of a drawer and he'd it under her apron. When attacked she fired once at her assailant, killing him:
 Coroner Hall impaneIed a jury and a verdict of justitab1e homicide was rendered. Ryan, who was a. laborer employed about the place, had been drinking heavily for several days.
Waterbury Democrat., 1902-12-24
HER STOCKING MINUS s1,53o.
Mrs Sorin Dropped It When She Went 0ut WaIkino-Found4 ?. '--

Mrs Sorin Dropped It When She Went > Out Walking-Found
 New York, Dec 24.-Mrs Fannie Sorin of o42 Second street. Jersey City, lost 1 leather tobacco pouch out of one of her stockings yesterday while on the way to visit her daughter Annie at 231 Newark avenue. s se@ ..' %...~- ,.'. The pouch contained $500 in bills, $9O in gold, a pair of diamond screw earrings valued at $225, a pair of dia. mond drop earrings which cost $55o. an unset diamond worth $115 and a $50 diamond ring. ... -....
 Six-year-old Willie Mcdonald. who lives in the same house as Mrs Sorin. folnd the pouch at Second street and Newark avenue and turned it inside out. woman who caught a glimpse of the money and jewelry advised him to run home to his mother. He obeyed.
 Mrs Sorin reported her loss to Chief or Police Murphy, who sent Detectives Lee and Larkins out to investigate. They traced the lost valuables to Mrs McIacaald's house and learned from her that she had given the money and JeWelry to her sister, Mrs John Kelly, who took them to Piermont.
 The detectives went to Piermont and returned last night with the woman and the tobacco pouch. It contained only $4S2 in bills and the gold coins. the screw earrings and the diamond ring. She said she had not sen the missing valuables
 Chief Murphy refused to make an ar rest. He said that the boy had possi- bly, lost some of the valuables while examining them in the street.
Waterbury Democrat., 1902-12-24
MANY NEW TROLLEY LINES IN SIGHT
REPORTER IN THE CHASE.
Helped to Overhaul Man Running
 Away With Gold Watch

Helped to Overhaul Man Running
 Away With Gold Watch.
 Charles Brown, who is occupying q cell in the police station, charged with being drunk, possesses all amount of nerve greater than that possessed by the ordinary individual, and he likes to display it. This morning, having im- blbed a little too freely, and being iln- bued with the idea that he would like to give somebody a present, lie visited the home of Mrs R. F. Sheehan. 3S3 East Main street.whilc she was busy in the rear yard, walked through the house and made thorough inventory of 1t. He rAnsacked things and finally spled a handsome gold watch, with chain attached, which laid in tho pocket of Mr Sheehan's vest He quickly transferred it from that pocket to his own. Then he started to leave. but he had fingered too long. Mrs Sheehan saw him and also discovered that he had taken the watch. He left H1e house with as little ceremony as he en- tered, but Mrs Sheehan followed him. Down East Main street both went. Near the rooms of the St Joseph T. A. society she sought the aid of Demo crat reporter, which was readily grant ed. Several other men volunteered their assistance. The man was cap. tured and searched and the gold watch and chain were found in his pocket He was then hustled into meat wagon standing near by and driven toward the police station. The drivers met Officer Moore on the way, who took the man in charge.
Waterbury Democrat., 1902-12-24
RICH WoMAN's GOOD HEART.
Mrs Thebaud on Her Knees in Street
 Aiding Injured Boy.

Mrs Thebaud on Her Knees in Street
 Aiding Injured Boy.
 New York, Dec 24.-Kneeling in the muddy street yesterday, the wife of q man of wealth held in her lap the head of an injured boy, while she bathed his face tenderly.
 She was Mrs Paul G. Thebeaud; the lad Edward E. King, son of Bennett J. King, a real estate dealer of No 1 Madison avenue. Edward had board ed Madison avenue car, when it started suddenly and he fell back ward. His head struck the pavement
 Mrs Thebaud was passing i'll cab. Her vehicle nearly ran over the un- conscious lad, but the driver pulled his horse to one side just in time. Mrs Thebaud sharply commanded him to halt. Then she sprang out, and. to tue amazement and admiration of the crowd, she pushed through, drop ped to her knees and lifted the boys head.
 After she had applied smelling salts man aided her to lift young King 1 into the cab, while the Thebaud chik ! dren wept with pity. | The cab started off to tue boys hcme. The crowd cheered tue good \ Samaritan.