davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The suburban citizen., 1902-08-30
"POCKET PLANETS"
Little worlds Only as Big as Farm
er's Field.

II is no surprising thing nowadays
for the announcement to be made that
another planet has been discovered.
Time was, however, when such an
announcement was received with much
interest. 1t is well known that be-
tween the orbits Of Mars and Jupiter
there is a belt ring Of tiny bodies,
pocket planets" as Herschel called
them, none with a greater diameter
than 200 miles and some whose as.
signed diameter is less than seventeen
miles.
There are doubtless some even
smaller-about large enough for
farmers cornfeld perhaps.
So diminutive are these curious men,
bers Of the solar system that even
after one has been discovered 1t is
quite likely to be lost. OF course it
is possible to trace the movements
Of the asteroids as well as those Of
the larger planets, but the labor Of
doing so, especially of the many tiny
ones of little practical interest, sur.
passes the probable value of the re.
suit, and in consequence the orbits of
most Of them are not yet calculated.
The orbits of all these diminutive
worlds lie in belt about 100000 miles
wide and with mean distance from
the sun of about 25OO0O,000 miles.
At present more than 250 of these
little worlds have been discovered, and
more are found nearly every year.
How many there may be it is impos-
sible to estimate. One astronomer
thinks there may be as many as 15O,-
900 of them. The total number, what
ever that may be, depends largely on
whether or not there is any limit to
their minuteness.
If there is no such limit, that is If
some are very much smaller than
those now known too small TO be seen
with the telescope now in use, there
may be an indefinite number.
Several theories have been advanced
to account for the presence of the as
teroids in that part of the solar system
to which BODIES law assigned q planet
long before their existence was known.
Others proposed the hypothesis that
they had once formed a single planet,
which had at some remote time been
shattered by a great explosion, the
fragments continuing TO revolve about
the sun in approximately the orbit of
the original planet.
The considerable variation in the
eccentricty and inclination of their
orbits, not to be accounted for by any
present mode of calculation, and the
greater probability of their separate
formation just as We're the other
and larger planets according to the
nebular hypothesis, has led to the
general dlscarding of Oilers theory.
None Of the greater planets have
orbits whose eccentricity much OK
ceeds one-tenth the diameter or whose
inclination to the ecliptic is greater
than three degrees. OF the asteroids,
however many orbits are inclined
more than ten degrees and have an
eccentricity in excess Of one-fourth
the diameter.
According to the nebular hypothesis,
which is at present generally accepted,
the minor planets as well MS the
greater ones were formed by the con-
densation of rings of cosmic matter
surrounding the sun. In the case of
the asteroids the ring instead of con.
The suburban citizen., 1902-08-30
THE CARABAO
AT WORK
An Animal Thot is Invaluable TO the
Philippine Natives.


Long of horn and tough Of hide Is
the carabao OF the Philippines. Some
times it is called the water buffalo,
and it resembles the animal of that
name which is found in India. The
name is fitting. for the owner, If left
to itself, will stay in the water nearly
all day. TO the native it is invaluable,
1t tills his fields and draws his product
to the market. 1t is meek and patient
and docile, with great strength and a
Will to pull whatever it is yolled to
over any road
The army has found the bull traiB
to be Of great service in transporting
provisions and ammunition from point
to point. Once the transfer had to
be made from the Bag-Bag River to
San Fernando, a distance of twelve
miles. 1t took half a day to make the
journey. Some Of the carabao died,
but as rule the method of transporta.
tion was success, though slow. A
buffalo, drawing heavy load of am.
munition, was driven up a sharp grade
at Bag-Bag to reach the railroad track.
Both front feet slipped, and the beast
fell to his knees. Yet he pulled that
load up the grade on his knees and
did not attempt to stop until the
strain had slackened. Then it was
found that the knees Of the animal had
been skinned and were bleeding.
One peculiarity about the buffalo is
that he must have water and demands
The suburban citizen., 1902-08-30

tary expedition in Algeria, In the desert
region of Zu-Salah. For miles and
miles nothing is to be seen except
these vast mountains Of sand-moun-
tains which are always on the move,
for the lightest breath of air blows
clouds Of fine sand into the air, while
a strong wind will completely change
the whole face Of the desert. sucking
up the sand into a series of rotating
tunnels bearing a curious resemblance
to water-spouts. At such a time the
unhappy traveller Is in terrible danger,
for he stands a very good chance of
being engulfed bodily in the treacher.
GUS waves Of shifting sand.-The Wide
World.
The suburban citizen., 1902-08-30
Why PhIlip sobbed.

Little Philip was taken to the sea-
shore for a week and he enjoyed the
life immensely the first two days. He
ran around on the beach until his face
was sunburnedand hewas bright red.
Then the skin began peellng of and
itched dreadfully. His mother was
awakened at nlsht by hearing the boy
sobbing, and she called to know what
was the matter.
"The paper is coming Off my face"
eobbed the little fellow. New York
Times.
The suburban citizen., 1902-08-30

is born dead and remains so for three
days, when the father breathes on it
and it receives life. Another tradition
is that the lion is the only animal Of
the cat tribe born with its eyes open,
and it is said that it sleeps with its eyes
open. A lion is the emblem of the tribe
of Judah.
The suburban citizen., 1902-08-30
MORE ERUPTIONS DUE
y FROM MONT PELEE

In an interview at Fort de France,
Martinique, ]. A. Jaeger, Jr., assist
ant geologlst to the United States
Geological Survey, who has been in
vestigating volcanic conditions in the
West Indies, said:
"The question has been constantl.S
The suburban citizen., 1902-08-30

The importation of rubber by the
United States has grown in thirty
years from $3,3O0.OOO to $3O0OO,OOO
per annum; fruits and nuts from ST.
100000 to $2O,000.000; coffee, from
100000 to $7O,OOO,0OO while tea has
fallen from S$14,000OO0 to $1,000 900.
The suburban citizen., 1902-08-30
What the Desert
o o Looks Like
lgEAkglAlsAE3

Very few people have any idea what
the desert looks like. The majority
imagine 1t to be vast eXpanse of
level sand, and to these the photograph
here shown will come as revelation.
This was taken during a French mill
The suburban citizen., 1902-08-30
The Lion and Tradition.

Modern hunters have proved the lion,
the king Of beasts, rank coward,
taking fright at grunt. Any ordinary
Spanish bull can whip him. Recently
a Texas steer ripped one to pieces.
According to tradition the lions whelp
The suburban citizen., 1902-08-30

they are covered with mud it suits
them better, for then their hides have
a coating which the fly and mosquito
cannot penetrate.-Chlcago Record
Herald.
The suburban citizen., 1902-08-30
Cupid Not Always Blind.

Love" says the Manayunk Philos-
opher "lsn't so blind that it cannot
see a dollar mark. philadelphia Rec
ord.
The suburban citizen., 1902-08-30
ACurIoua Thing,

1t is a curious thing that the less
money q man owes the less credit he
has-New York Press.
The suburban citizen., 1902-08-30
Lies.

Many a man lies because he doesn't
happen to- think Of the truth.-Chlcago
News.
The suburban citizen., 1902-08-30

No man ever made a great name for
himself writing anonymous communi-
cations.
The suburban citizen., 1902-08-30

The man who is on the level ought
TO get along smoothly.
The suburban citizen., 1902-08-30

A document relating to the sale OF
land, dated 1892 and signed by Guy
Fawkes, was recently sold in London
for $505. ..-.-.-. 49,. ---.----...,.
The suburban citizen., 1902-08-30

rather a small volcano. This is all
can say about danger"
The suburban citizen., 1902-08-30
The Latest Corkscrew.

An Ingenious American has set his
wits to work on the corkscrew prob
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-10-16

of animosity and a dream of yen--
geance. They changed nothing; they
softened, smoothed and mitigated
A few thousands Of dead
Cinnamon; a few hundreds of desolat-
ed villages; trail of sickening repris-
al, and a memory of hate-that is all.
The United States, to it's eternal hon.
or, held aloof in that odious carnival
of loot and persecution. The United
States has ever since interposed be-
tween China and her prosecutors. But
the allies did their work, notwith--
standing, and today, in the breast of
every Chinaman who nurses his sense
of injury and who is capable of carry
ing weapon. there lives only the
deadly purpose of revenge. AS we
have seen, this purpose spends itself
upon the innocent In the philosophy
of the Boxer, shaped by terrible exper--
fence and crystallized by blind and
raging passion, there are no foreign
ers who have a right to live among
them. Upon women, upon, children.
upon the patient and devoted mis-
|sionary, they wreak the cruel ven.
geance which knows no limit or dis,
tinctions. They remember the trag-
edies of 1900. They swear by the
graves of friends and kinsmen. And
to this abominable fuel the tax gahtel
er adds the fire of his odious exac-
lions. The cry of warning has gone
forth. He must be careless observ-
err, indeed, who did not expect it from
| the first.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-10-16
pIsTASTEFUL DEMOCRATIC REC
ORD.
TMarshalltown Times-Republican.l

[Marshalltown es-Republican.l
1t is the democratic record that
hurts. One is reminded of this in
reading Congressman Lacey's indict-
ment of Ex-Governor Boies at Iowa
Falls for his attempt, while chief ex-
ecutive of the state, to prove that the
farming industry was being conducted
in Iowa wholly at loss to the pro-
ducers; that he selected 424 pessimis-
tic letters out of 1000 replies to in
quiries as to the condition of Iowa
farmers to prove that the agricultural
industry was entirely going to ruin,
and that in this work he was aided by
Socialist Sovereign, OF calamity rec
ord. At the same time Boies was adj
yocating free trade and free silver
'If we are to revive Governor Boies as
an ISSUE" said Lacey, I'VE should have
Coins Financial School and free trade
and free silver once more fully and
thoroughly discussed"
Looking back at the lugubrious per
iod. with it's doleful tales sent out de
liberately by Iowa's chief officer tt
influence public opinion, and highly
colored by an irresponsible henchman
is enough to make even democra
shrink and turn to the hopeful side o
life. Iowa's farming industry has hat
periods OF depression, but it was no
conducted wholly at a loss at the time
Boies was governor.
Congressman Lacey is doing dis
tinct service in showing up Boies a
an unreliable political agitator. wh'
has no fit place in this progressive
period.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-10-16
tageous trade arrangements.
n at3N,, ~ 1rlO,, ,.,o~ live IN No =,

tageous trade arrangements. This
action at London was due to Canadian
1t is said, however,
that Sir Robert Bond has now re-
ceived assurances that England would
not interfere with his concluding a
commercial treaty with the United
States. He conferred informally with
the state department on the subject
last month. 1t was twelve years ago
that he visited Washington, with the
full consent of the British government
to negotiate with Secretary Blaine the
convention which Sir John A. Macdon-
aid, the canadian premier, succeeded
in defeating. Canada is very DESTROYS
of bringing Newfoundland into her
federation, while the Observation-Disclosures
themselves prefer to remain distinct
colony. with close business dealings
with the United States. 1t will be a
very poor and ineffective sort of states
manship at Washington that will neg
lect to take prompt advantage of the
opportunity to revive the plan of q
reciprocity treaty. with Newfoundland
From The Progress of the World
in the American Monthly Review OF
Reviews for October.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-10-16
RECIPROCITY WITH NEWFouND.
LAND AND CANADA.

Reciprocity as a system should inter
est us particularly with reference to
our own neighbors in the western hem
isphere. 1t should, as we have said,
come first of all with Cuba, not merely
because it would be good business pol
icy all around, but because of clear
moral obligation. There should also
be candid consideration of the treat
les negotiated on our part by Mr.. kas-
son, which the senate has hitherto
neglected to ratify. Again, there
should be immediate steps taken to
meet the wishes Of Newfoundland as
represented by its prime minister, Sir
Robert Bond, who visited Washington
in the middle Of September, having
come here directly from England. 1t
will be remembered that years ago
when Mr.. Blaine was secretary OF
state, and Mr.. Bond was serving an ear
lier term as premier of Newfoundland
an excellent reciprocity treaty was ne
gotiated, which failed to 60 into effect
solely because the British government
interfered, and declined to allow New
fonndland to make her Own advan,
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-10-16
REESE AND LABOR.
.lMontezuma Republican.


The Oskaloosa Journal insists that
Reese is the candidate of organized
labor in this district. He is nothing
of the kind He is simply the nomi--
nee of the same old democratic party
that has done business at the old stand
all these years. There was not dele
gate in the convention that nominated
him that was sent there by any orga-
nization. Mr.. Reese is simply tool
in the hands of democratic conspira->
tors against the best interest of labor.
They have no use for MIN or the prin-
|ciples he represents further than they
can be used for the edification of the
|old democratic party that has always
been the enemy of labor from the time
that it owned the colored man as a
slave up to the present time when it
desires to break down the protective
tariff and place him on a level with
the pauper labor of the old world. The
idea of the party that planted free soup
houses all over the country few
years ago and sent Coxey's army on to
its sad mission across the continent
being the friend of the laboring man!
Monumental nonsense.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-10-16
CHEAP MANUFACTURED FUEL.

Over in Germany there has an in
dustry sprung up that would have a
tendency to preclude the evil effects
of prolonged coal strike such as is
at present being experienced in this
country. There is a product called
briquettes, that is manufactured from
cheap coal, peat and the dust and
waste from the coal mines. This
combination furnishes the principal
fuel for domestic use in the cities and
is also used quite extensively for fir.
ing locomotives and engines in the
manufacturing and industrial plants
That this fuel can be produced in stuff
cient quantities to materially affect
the coal market is shown from the
output for 1901, which was over mil
lion and half tons. This fuel is
manufactured and sold at the nomina
price Of So per ton.
Why would 1t not be practical fol
some American firm to organize fol
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-10-16
AT OUTS WITH ITSELF.
A special to the Courier from Des
MOineS saws:

A special to the Courier from Des
Moines says:
Large quantities of literature are be-
ing sent out from republican state
headquarters. The state committee
is well supplied with literature this
year. Several thousand copies of the
republican state platform are being
distributed especial care being taken
to place some in the hands of all the
speakers. A large number of copies
of the address of Congressman Walter
l. Smith before the republican state
convention, are being sent to every
county chairman for distribution. The
state is being flooded with cards bear
ing the statement of Secretary Ed
wards of the democratic congressional
committee, in which he announced
that the Democratic party is standing
squarely on the Kansas City platform
which will be the only democracy
there is until another national conven-
ton shall be held" The democratic
candidates who are trying to dodge
the Kansas City platform, have moth
ing to say about this statement, for
there is nothing they can say without
exposing the weakness of their posi-,
ton.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-10-16
CAN IMPORT NO MINERS.

How will the operators meet their
promise to the public, is the question
that is now attracting the attention
OF many of the people. They have
been given the protection of all the
military force of Pennsylvania for
those who wish to work and cannot
expect any further importation Of
troops into the anthracite region I'M
less the troops now there prove to be
inadequate to maintain peace and or
der.
1t is recognized that these coal
roads are directly amenable to the
laws of the state Of Pennsylvania.
This being the case they cannot re-
sumo work in the mines with import
ed miners, for according to President
Baer's own statement the laws of the
state require that man cannot work
as a miner within its bounds until he
has been in the state two years, or
at least he must be able to pass an
examination that will entitle him to a
certificate as practical miner. Ac
cording to this statement if the mines
are to be re-opened it must be by the
men who are already upon the ground
The strike will be broken only wher
these men who walked out of the pits
have decided to return. Laborers may
be imported into the region but min
ers cannot be.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-10-16
BANK DEPOSITS.
Have Been Doubled During the Past
Decade.

Have Been Doubled During the Past
Decade.
The bank deposits of the people of
the United States aggregate eight and
half billion dollars, an average of
sos per capita. Ten years ago they
aggregated s4,232 100000, or just half
the amount of today, and twenty years
ago they were $1,000 100000, or lit
tie more than one-qua1ter of those Of
today. These figures are presented in
table, just prepared by the treasury
bureau of statistics for publication In
the forthcoming issue of it's monthly
summary of commerce and finance.
They are compiled from the reports Of
the comptroller of the currency and
include the individual deposits in ma
tional banks, saving banks. state
banks, loan and trust companies, and
private banks, and cover the official
figures of the year 1901. The figures
for the individual deposits in the vari.
GUS classes of banks stand as follows:
National banks, $685., 753, 1888; saw.
ings banks. $685., O94,5S0; state banka
81 ,610,502,246; Loan and Trust Co.'S
81 ,271 ,OS1, liza; private banks, $11S,,
Cpl 1903; total, SS,535, 053,136.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-10-16
viii Be Hard Winter.

Waverly Independent: Signs of
long, hard winter stare us in the face
at every hand, and you'd better pre-
pare for the worst! Greatiswarms of
blackbirds hold campmeetings in the
corn fields; there are bountiful show
ers of all kinds of nuts in the woods;
there are thousands, yea millions, OF
sauerkraut in the country; Ephraim,
whose surname is p. ]. Dean, of Wash
ington, D. c., is still running for con-
gress in the third district of Iowa;
Candidate Earl threatens Uncle Hor--
ace with prohibition; the state is men
aced with an invasion of the Salvation
army; our peculiar friend, Calamity
Weller, solemnly announces that he
will go in the middle of the road and
resurrect his Peoples Advocate at In
dependence, and the Lord only knows
what next
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-10-16
Just One. in View.

The Dubuque Telegraph-Her-
aid believes the governor
of Pennsylvania should seize
the anthracite coal mines with
an armed force and operate them for
the benefit of the people. Should he
fail to act the Dubuque paper would
have the seizure made by the Presi--
dent of the United States and the sale
of the mines to the government fore,
led. If there is no other law justify
ing radical action, the higher law Of
God fully warrants it, the Telegraph
Herald asserts. There is need" it
thinks, "for an example that the nation
is greater than any of its citizens, no
matter what their wealth"
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-10-16
THE LACEY MINING LAW.

Is the democratic candidate for con-
gress, John P. Reese, fair and honest
when he says, that all the Lacey ter
ritorial law does is to provide enough
air for the men and mules to live on?
Judge for yourselves, for the follow
ing is what it does provide for:
IA practical miner or mining en-
gineer as an inspector of mines.
2.-It compels operators to con-
struct, at least, two shafts or outlets
for ingress and egress.
3.-To construct machinery to force
away the noxious gases from the
working face of every working place
within the mine.
4.-That no furnace shaft shall be
used as an escape shaft.
5.-That metal speaking tube shall
be constructed from the top to the bot
tom Of the shaft or slope, SO that con-
yersation may be carried on through
the same.
6.-That an approved safety catch
shall be provided and sufficient cover
overhead on every carriage used in
lowering or hosting persons.
| THAT no child under IL years of
age shall be employed in the under
ground workings of any mine.
S.-That only experienced, compe--
tent and sober men shall be placed in
charge of hosting apparatus or en-
gines.
9.-Last but not least, that in the
( event mining operators fail to provide
all these means of safety to the min
| ers, after a report has been rendered
by the mine inspector to that effect
he is given the power to sue out an
Injunction, resisting the further opera
ton of such mine.
| It may be that in the event Mr.
Reese were elected to congress that
he would have this last provision re-
pealed, owing to the fact that he is 81
bitterly opposed to government by in
junction.
Mr.. Lacey followed this up with sup
Elementary legislation in the last con
gress, which requires the mine opera
tors, not only to increase the volume
!, of air in the mines, but also requires
them to furnish experienced men a
/ shot firers And while Mr.. Lacey wa
. urging action upon this supplement t
! 1.-THE Lacey act in congress, N. e. Ken
j. dali. republican representative fror
! Monroe, county, was busily engaged il
I the Iowa Legislature in securing sim
E liar law for the protection of the min
L ers in Iowa.
) is this not a pretty good republica
j record? 1t certainly has proven NOR
beneficial than Weaver Legislation
r which consisted of peddling a sma
+ coal screen round for the state Q