davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The San Juan islander. [volume] (Friday Harbor, Wash.) 1898-1914, 1902-05-29

There was ball game last Sunday be-
tween two picked teams of the valley
players. The score was l3 to 16.
Mr.. and Mrs. r. NJ. Gaines, Mr.. and
Mrs. Dorley and Mr.. and Mrs p. Mad-
den went to Victoria Friday and return
ed Sunday evening. They all had
splendid time at the celebration.
The San Juan islander. [volume] (Friday Harbor, Wash.) 1898-1914, 1902-05-29
Won't Follow Advice After Paying for 1t

In recent article a prominent physi-
clan says, 1T is next to Impossible for
the ply stefan to get his patients to carry
out any prescribed course Of hygiene or
diet to the smallest extent; he has but one
resort left, namely, the drug treatment"
When medicines are used for chronic
constipation, the most mild and gentle
obtainable, such as Chamberain's Stom-
ach Il Liver Tablets, should beemployed.
Their use is not followed by constipation
as they leave the bow els in a natura, and
healthy condition. For sale by all drug
gists.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1902-05-15
AMERICAS FIGHT FOR CUBA.
We Have Done Battle Not Only wish
the Sword But with the Scrub
bling Brush as Well

So fresh in the minds of the American
people are the events of the historic summer
OF 1898 that they really need no recalling at
this time when the complete fruition of the
objects of the struggle between the United
States and Spain are now to be realized IN
the establishment of that independent gov
eminent in Cuba which this government
guaranteed when it declared the welding of
the sword for the island independence to
be part OF our duty.
The destruction of our good ship Maine /;
the declarations and appropriations voted
by congress; the modifying of armies and
fleets; the victory of Admiral Dewey at Ma
Mia; the dispatch of troops to Santiago; our
naval victory off that harbor; the fall of the
city; the capture Of Porto Rico, and Spain 5
cry for peace at almost any price, all these
Incidents need but mention to recall them
to the minds of the people OF this country.
History was never made more rapidly than
it was made during that summer, and it was
history of which the country and the world
may well be proud in after years
With the sword we drove Spain out of
Cuba, our soldiers and sailors reaped won
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1902-05-15

army, which increased rapidly until it had
reached the numbers of $4,000 men, but the
ability of Spain to furnish war materials
and fresh troops was greater than that Of
the insurgents, and the rank and file of the
Cuban army began finally to tire of the
struggle. From 1873 until February, 1878, the
war dragged along in desultory way, and
finally ended with the peace of San Antonio
which guaranteed pardon to all who had
taken part in the conflict, and representa-
ton for Cuba in the Spanish cortes.
1t was during this war, in 1873, that there
occurred the incident of the steamer Vir-
ginius which came so near resulting in war
between Spain and the United States, and
which did result in some pointed CORE
spondence between officials of the two coun-
tries, and the execution as pirates at San
tiago of SO persons.
The incidents of the last revolution that
started in 1894 and led to American inter
vention for the pacification and liberation
of the island are too well known to need
any recounting here. The leaders who
focked to the Cuban standard were men
who had fought for Cuban freedom from
lS68-7S. Jose Marti started from New York
in February, 1895, Gomez, Antonio and Jose
Maceo, Crombet, Cebreco, Borrero, Angel
Guerra and a score of others gathered again
on Cuban soil from different points to again
begin the fight for Cuban freedom. In time
Garcia, Robi, Rivera and others joined
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1902-05-15

difficulty Spain suppressed this revolt, and
punished in various ways l ,346 of those con-
victed of participating in it, but the seed of
liberty then planted resulted in later years
in the patriots who fought the long ten
years war, and again those who led to ulti-
mate victory the forces of Cuba in the last
war.
The next Cuban revolution, started year
later, was led by an ex-officer in the Span
ish army, Narciso Lopez He was unsuc-
cessful at the time, but his efforts led final
ly to the attempt of this government to
purchase Cuba from Spain in lS4S. The
overtures made to the Spanish government
by President Polk were OF no avail, however,
and Lopez continued his efforts at liberia
ton until he was finally captured by the
Spanish authorities on Cuban soil and exc
cuted in 1851
In 1854 came both the attempt of Gen.
Quitman, Of Mississippi, for the invasion Of
Cuba, which resulted disasterously to the
leaders, they being captured and executed,
and the Ostend Manifesto which recon-
| mended the purchase of Cuba for O,OOO,-
900. But this like the previous attempt at
purchase, came to naught, and the island
was left to drag along in comparative peace
=
| war" in 1868
1t was this long struggle that brought to
the fore such men as Gomez, Garcia, Palma
and many others destined to live in the his
| tory of the new republic as the names OF
Washington, Lee, Putnam and a score Of
others live in our own history. They are the
| grandest names Cubans will ever know
! true patriots, who yet live to guide the young
| republic through its first troubled waters
| with the same courageous hands that taught
| the Cuban soldiers to match Cuban strategy
and daring against the heavier forces Of
| Spain. To this list must be added that of
! Maceo and the others who sacrificed their
| lives in the last struggle for Cuban freedom,
but demanded of Spain dear price for the
sacrifice
The story of the ''ten years war; is a
story of ten years of hardships and sacrifice.
! 1t brought with it the first declaration of
! Cuban independence, signed on October 10,
1868, and also the first election of Cuban
officers including president and vice presi-
dent and the appointment of cabinet Of
! ticers.
1t was Carlos NJ. de Cespedes, at the head
| of lbs alarmed men, who started this con
| fict, and who issued the proclamation OF
| Cuban independence at Yara. Cespedes was
| a lawyer of Bayamo at the beginning of the
war, but he was a natural leader of men,
and soon had l5,OG9 men with which to OPP
pose Spain. 1t was he who virtually wrote
the first Cuban constitution which was
promulgated at Guaimaro on April 10, 1869.
For the first two years of the war success
attended almost every effort Of the Cuban
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1902-05-15
FACTS ABOUT CUBA.

Cuba contained at the time of the break
ing out of the last revolution 100000 farms,
ranches and plantations, valued at $200,00O,-
000
No less than five minor revolts occurred
in Cuba between 1873, the date of closing the
ten years war" and 1894 when the last
war began.
From 1927 to 1864 Cuba contributed direct
ly to the Spanish treasury the sum of $780,.
100000. Since 1867 the island has contrib
uted but little directly to the Madrid treas
ury, but indirectly much of the entire rev
enue of the island has reached Spain.
From the eastern end of Cuba to Hayti is
"a miles, and to Jamaica IS miles, from the
northern shore on the western end it is 90
miles to Florida, and from Cape San An
tonic, the western extremity of the island
to Yucatan is 100 miles.
Cuba is nearly seven times as long as Long
Island. 1t stretches from point about even
with New York City on the east to Cincin-
natl on the west, distance of $50 miles. In
width it is nowhere greater than 100 miles,
while at places it is as narrow as 20 miles.
There are 1900 small islands and keys ad-
jacent to and belonging to Cuba, and these,
with the main island, comprise an area OF
about $4,000 square miles.
Cuba had at the close of the war with
Spain about 1000 miles of railway divided
into number of small lines. Since the
evacuation of the island by Spain Sir VIII
liam Van Van Horne, the builder of the Can
dian Pacific railway, has been building a
new trunk line that, when completed, will
traverse the island from one end to the
other, and, with its various branches, will
comprise more than another thousand miles
of railway line. The main line of this road
from Santiago to Nipe, in Santa Clara prov
ince, is now nearing completion, and will be
opened to traffic in the early summer, and
the remainder of the system will be pushed
to completion as rapidly as possible. The
older lines of railway are practically all in
the western portion of the island, and sew
eral of them center at Havana, or connect
with Havana.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1902-05-15

derful victories in rapid succession, but
Spain left behind her harder struggle than
her armies or her fleets had given us-it was
with dirt and disease
How well Gov Gen Wood has conquered
this foe is evidenced from the health reports
from Cuba. First at Santiago, and later
throughout all the island he has persstently
fought the battle for clean cities and good
sanitation until to-day Havana, instead of
being the breeding ground of all the various
types OF malignant fever, is considered as
healthful as almost any city in the United
States. He has taught to the Cubans the ne
cessity Of cleanliness, a lesson they are not
likely to soon forget
He has done more than this He has
opened the public schools, and has so ex-
tended the system that practically all the
children of school age have now offered
them the advantages ofan education and has
instllled in the hearts of the people a desire
for learning, desire which their own gov
eminent will now be in position to fulfill.
Gen. Wood, as the representative Of the
American people, has builded government
Of the people, for the people and by the
people Of Cuba into whose hands our coun-
try can now safely place the reigns of CON
troll, and Gen. Woods name must be added
to the list of Cuban heroes whose memories
will long live in the hearts of the people OF
the ever faithful isle"
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1902-05-15

The beet and cane product both considered,
Cuba is surpassed by but one country, Ger
many, with one and one-half million tons, as
a sugar producer, and is equaled by but one
other, Austria.
Cuba has exported in one year more than
6,000,G0 pounds of leaf tobacco and more
than 1900, 600 cigars in addition to heavy
exports of baled tobacco of less valuable va
rieties.
The shipping of nine Cuban ports, which
includes Havana, for the year 1894 amount
ed to 1888 $50 tons, carried by 3, 1874 vessels.
The above three paragraphs give a gen
eral idea of industrial Cuba of the past !;
they can scarcely be classed as even pro-
phetic of the future.
Cuba and the adjacent small islands be-
longing to it occupy an area of 45, 900 square
miles-a little less in size than the state of
New York. OF this total area less than 10
per cent. has ever been under cultivation
four per cent. is classed as forest land, and
large quantities of the remainder is virgin
soil awaiting development by progressive
people under a progressive government.
When such a people under such a govern
ment have turned this unclaimed area into
productive territory we shall have the Cuba
of the future.
But to go back again to the Cuba of the
past. Cane sugar development has been
confined to the vast central plain lying to
a great extent in Matanza province. In the
season of 1929 this great plain yielded
l,O54,2l2 tons of sugar, valued at $50 600, 900
The sugar plantations of this territory
vary in extent from 100 to 1000 acres, and
employ an average of one man to each two
acres under cultivation.
For several years the sugar industry in all
the West Indian islands has been in de
plorable condition, but different causes
must be assigned for the condition in Cuba
than for the other islands. In Cuba it has
been the series of rebelhons and insured
lions that have caused the decline of the
industry During the periods of compare
tive peace the industry has prospered, and
the reason may be found in the fact that the
Cuban planters have gone about the produc-
ton of sugar on large scale, and equipped
with the most modern machinery.
While sugar is the staple crop of first i'm
portance in Cuba tobacco has an important
place in the islands industries, and is even
more valuable than sugar when the acreage
under cultivation is considered. As Matan.
zas is the center of the sugar industry so is
Pinar del Rio the center of the tobacco in
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1902-05-15

from Havana to reestablish them at her
home ports. The industry had existed in
the island from l726, and the closing of them
was bitterly resented. But Cuba at that
time demanded only her rights as loyal
colony, and not the absolute freedom for
which she has since fought.
During her earlier history the develop
ment of Cuba's great agricultural resources
progressed but slowly. Her ports were
closed to the commerce of all the world save
Spain, and it was not until after circum-
stances which Spain had opposed for years
but which finally overcame her. that the
Cuban planters began to really realize the
narrowness of Spanish rule The change
that began to be apparent in the colonial
policies of other European nations early in
the last century was not shared by Spain,
who but attempted to draw the lines
tighter.
This fact is evidenced by the issuance of
the royal decree of May 25, 1925, defining the
functions of the captain generals of Cuba,
decree which invested them with prac-
tically the powers of oriental despots, and
this decree remained in force until Spain
had been driven from the island.
Even before the issuing of this decree
had come the first attempt to break the rule
of Spain. Secret political societies had be-
gun organizing as early as 1920 under the
name of "Soles de Bolivar" and in 1923
these societies made an attempt at open re-
volt. But the attempt was fruitless of re-
suits other than the arrest and punishment
of the leaders.
The next revolution came in 1926, and was
planned by Cuban refugees in Mexico and
Colombia. The scheme included the lead
ership of the great liberator, Simon Bolivar.
but it resulted in nothing tangible through
lack of adequate support. The same lead
ers attempted to organize another campaign
for the freeing of Cuba during the years 1927
80 this time including among their support
ers many persons in the United States, but
this plan was frustrated through the inhu-
enee of the slave interests in both this coun-
try and Mexico.
Another revolution came in 1884 in which
the principals were the slaves on the sugar
plantations about Mantanzas. With some
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1902-05-15


o the
of peace rath
to give him for al
to
and
the of the
in the
q the
the in
Ger andh
O
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1902-05-15

We're their operations directed against the
Spaniards in Cuba alone, but in every part
OF the western world where the Spanish flag
hoated.
1t was not until late in the eighteenth and
early in the nineteenth centuries that the
people Of Cuba began to think seriously of
freedom, or rather of rghting existing
wrongs, and forcing from the mother coun-
try a more liberal form of government.
England's colonies had thrown off the yoke
of oppression, and the seed of freedom that
had sprouted on the mainland had been car
ried to the island. A grievance that brought
with it armed resistance came in 1896 when
Spain withdrew the ship building yards
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1902-05-15

The city of Havana has twice been de
stroyed by fire set by French privateers.
The first destruction occurred in 1888, soon
after the city was founded, and to prevent
repetition of the disaster Fernando de Soto,
then governor of the island, built the first
of the fortresses intended for the defense of
the city, the Castillo de la Fuerza, but this
proved ineffective, for the city was again de-
stroved nv tho French in t554 After +bis
the Punta and Moro fortresses were built.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1902-05-15

summer of 1898, when, with the assistance
of the United States, the patriots banished
their oppressors from the island forever.
Almost from the day of the Spaniards'
first landing in Cuba until the signing of the
peace protocol that put a stop to the war
of 1898 the Dons had found it necessary to
meet opposition to their reign by the use
of armed force. This opposition was not at
all times of sufficient vigor to be dignifed
by the name of revolution, but it was CON
slant. For many years it was more of
sea fight than land fight and was carried
on by the buccaneers whose object was to
drive Spain from the western seas, not be-
cause they were friendly to the native
Cubans, but from motives of revenge against
the mother country, and as allies of other
European nations at war with Spain. Nor
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1902-05-15
"The Ever Faithful Isle,

Cuba has been known the world over as
"The Ever Faithful Isle," name it re-
ceived at the time the Spanish Bourbons
were deposed by Napoleon in 1908. At that
time each member of the provincial Cuban
council took an oath to preserve the island
for its legitimate sovereign. The island con-
tributed voluntarily $1,000, 900 to the Span
ing treasury during the Napoeonic wars,
and declared war against France for depos-
ing the Spanish sovereign. For such fidelity
the Cuban people were rewarded by having
taken away from them the rights of their
provincial council, and imposing upon them
line of captain generals whose despotic
rule continued down to the day this country
wrested the colony from the hands of the
DOns
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1902-05-15
Year of Cuban Prosperity.

The year 1892 was the most prosperous in
Cuban history for almost half a century
During that year the value of the island ex-
ports amounted to SS9, 800 900, and the i'm
ports to 500, 100000. OF the exports $50, OOO,-
900 were classed as vegetable, 100000 as
mineral and $750,000 as animal.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1902-05-15
Cnnfnred nv Mnrran-

The buccaneer Morgan captured and
plundered Havana in 1869, just previous to
his exploits at Panama and along the Pa
cific coast of Central and South America.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1902-05-15
RESOURCES OF CUBA
Her Greatest Wealth Lies in a Fer
tile and Productive Soil.
Possibilities of Sugar and Tobacco
Cultivation Judged by the Rec
OrdS of the Past-NaluabIe
Woods, Fruits and Minerals.

URING years Of peace in the past
Cuba has produced more cane su-
gar than any other country in the
world. She produces more than
twice the cane sugar manufac-
tured in Java, her nearest com
petitor, and more than five times
as much as is produced in any
other country. In exceptional
years her production of sugar has
passed the one million tons mark.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1902-05-15

One of the greatest disasters in Cuban his
tory was the hurricane of October IA, 1870,
in which some 1000 lives were lost.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1902-05-15

them, and what Spain at first believed to be
but the beginning of negro riot that could
be suppressed within short time proved to
be the final conflict for Cuban freedom, a
conflict that has waged on sea and land for
more than a century.
WRIGHT A. PATTERSON
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1902-05-15

was under this banner which is the youngest the
led and
ternbem
the
ongd eamedI t mo,m
that will replace the
i be
shoea and the
a is the wisho
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1902-05-15

tually no resistance from the natives save
from one chief, Hatuey, refugee from His
PAMELA, or Hayti as now called, where he
had witnessed the barbarities of the new
corners and resented their invasion of his
new home, as he, unlike the others, knew
from terrible experience what such com
ing meant to the native people. But Hatuey
like many others who came after him in
later years, was unsuccessful in opposing the
will of the Dons, and paid for his desire for
freedom with his life, being burned at the
stake as fugitive slave.
Spanish oppression and Spanish cruelty
reigned in Cuba from that day until in the
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1902-05-15
FIGHT FOR FREEDOM
The Long, Desperate Struggle That
Brought Cuban independence.
1t Began Almost with the First Set
Element of the Spaniards in the Is
handsome Men Whose Names
and Deeds VIII Live in
Cuban History.

UBA'S fight for freedom from
Spanish rule may be said to have
begun almost before the Dons
became masters of the island.
When, in 1911, the son of Co.
lumbus determined to take pos.
session of Cuba in the name of
Spain he selected Diego Velas,
quez to command an advance
guard, as it were, of some 300
mon This forca mot With VIZ.
Heppner gazette. [volume] (Heppner, Morrow County, Or.) 1892-1912, 1902-05-01
Rates Again Reduced

From ell points east. Before you
make definite arrangements for that
trip east let us quote you rates via
the Illinois Central Railroad. Our
rates are the lowest to be had, and il
will pay you to write us. Ifyou haven't Z
time to communicate with Us tell the
agent from whom you purchase your
ticket that YOU want to travel by the
way OF the Illinois Central, and you
will never regret the trip.
II any OF your relatives or friends in
the east are coming west while the low
rates are in effect write us about them,
and we will see that they get he lowest
rates With the best service.
Through tourist cars, personally con-
ducted excursion cars, free reclining
chair cars, in f.ct all the latest couven-
iences known 10 modern railroading.
For particulars regarding rates, time,
service, stop overs. iff-rent con nections
aud routes, etc, etc, call on or address
r. II. TRrMBUIL. Com'l. Agt.
l42 Third Street, Portland, ore.
Heppner gazette. [volume] (Heppner, Morrow County, Or.) 1892-1912, 1902-05-01
COM BiNATtON CATTLE SALE.
10 Registered Herefords Sold in
Heppner.

A train load OF registered Hereford
cattle, which have been msklng the
principal towns OF Eastern Oregon, for
the purpose OF selling, arrived in Hepp-
ner. Friday morning OF last week. The
stock was unloaded at the stock yards
at the depot and was kept there for eX-
hihition and Tor sale until Sunday morn
iuC.
1t was a combination sale by d tierent
Eastern breeders, principa lv from
Missouri, Illinois and Kansas, under the
direction Of the American Hereford
cattle Breeders Association c. h.
Thomas of Kansas City, Mo-, secretary
of The association. had cha~ge Of the
sale. ASS aciated with Mr. Thomas
were Geo W. Scott oi Belton. Mo, c.
A. stannard OF Emporis, Kas +. F.,
Gerdge'l of Indeoenience, Mo. and
Col. II. + Edmons OF Kansas City,
prominent live sto auctoner.
The original lot OF cattle consisted Il
I4I head Fifty five of the animal.
were sold before reaching lleppner
They we're all bulls, ard il vas certainly