davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1902-07-02

the juice is partly effected in series
of large, hemispherical iron pans set
in row with a large fire under the
one at the end. This one fire, which.
runs along under the, rows of pans, is
sufficient to heat the juice in the dis
tant pans and to increase tile heat as
the pans near the source of heat, until
the first two or three boil and the first
one seethes and foams violently. The
juice is gradually drawn from one pan
to another until it reaches the pan in
which tile greatest degree of heat Is
found. After tile concentration has
been carried to Il given point and all
the scum has been got rid of, the APP
plication of high heat is suspended.
and the liquor, nov of the color OF .,ort
wine, and of the consistency of oil is
drawn into Il vacuum pan. where the
concentration is completed at the low
est possible temperature.
The vacuum pan is maize of copper
of spherical form. The bottom is
double, leaving Il space of an inch or
two for the admission OF steam be-
tween the two bottoms, and there is
generally Il long cell of copper pipe of
three or four inches diameter above
the inner bottom. SO as to still further.
increase tie amount Of heating sur
face, This apparatus is made perfect
ly air and steam tight. Leading from
the upper dome there IS large pipe
communicating With a condenser into
which a rush of cold wafer is continu-
steam or vapor that arises from the
boiling liquor. The water which is
continually rushing, into the condenser
is as steadily withdrawn again by a
pump. There is thus Il constant va
cum in the pan, and consequently
the liquid will boil nj n much lower
temperature than it would in the open
air or pan. BY the time the vacuum,
pan is full the contents have thickenpd
by The formation of crystals of sugar
into Il mass the consistency of thick
Cruel. This is drawn Off into heater
and kept merely warm until ii can be
run. into pots to cool and complete
crystallization. The resiluum is boil
ed and reboiled. making the different
lower grades OF sugar. The result of
this process is raw sugar. which must
be refined IN order to make the sugar
of CONNIE +.
Sugar refining was unknown to tile
ancients, and even the retineres estab-
lished in Germany in the sixteenth
cetury went no further than to clarity
the syrup and make sort of sugar
candy. The present system Of refining.
!a fhe result of Development. and is;
regarded as nearly perfect.
Sugar reineries ayf weeks = "a = ~ ~
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1902-07-02

coal filter is mixture of pure sugar
and pure water. The application of
heat is the only mode of cxpelling the
water, and this unfortunately blackens
the sugar again. After being heated
In vacuum pans. the sugar is run into
sugar-loaf forms which, after cooling.
are carried to n room warmed by steam
pipes. This warmth facilitates tile
flow of the treacle or syrup to the aper-
ture at the bottom of the form. To
get rid of the coating of colorcd syrup
which still hangs about the CRYSTALS of
sugar. small quantity of Il saturated
solution of pure white sugar is poured
liquid is unable to dissolve any more
sugar. but being more fluid than the
sticky coatins of syrup adhering to
the crystals, ii mixes with the coatings
and makes them fluid enough to flow
down to the bottom of the form leay-
ing the crystals clear of syrup and
coloring.
The liquor draining from the forms
Is reboilcd and forms loaves of inferior
grade and the liquor drained from the
inferior loavcs is again boiled into vel
low sugars.
Crushed sugar is simply inferior
loaves crushed while soft and moist.
The syrup which drains from refined
sugar is reboilcd and constitutes the
golden drip" syrup sold in the stores.
The process with llept slIpnr which
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1902-07-02

use, or at least is supposed TO be, and
as cane sugar IS entitled to prece-
dence OH account of age, it should first
receive attention.
Sugar cane WAS grown in Cyprus
about the middle of the twelfth CEN
fury; later was transported to Madeira,
and carly in the sixteenth century was
carried from Madeira to the West In
dies, now the greatest cane growing
section in the world 1t is supposed
that sugar originally was known only
in the form of the sweet juice express
ed from the cane; for the art of boiling
1t down into raw sugar was an inven-
ton of as late date rs the fifteenth
century, and it was not until the mid
die of the following century that the
art of refining sugar was discovered in
Venice. 1t is believed that the regular
business of refining WIS established
first IN Germany. The first refinery of
which any notice exists was establish.
ed at Dresden in 1897, but many wears
prior to that date Qualification of the
syrup was the subject Of learned treat
$500 SAt'A - NtiS StlljDUSlu 10
be the product of cane only, but in
that year Marggraf, a German chemist.
demonstrated that it WAS Il natural
product of othe. vegetables, especially
of the beet root, and half Il century
later its manufacture from tliat source
was first commenced in Silesia, A
large part of the sugar consumed on
the continent Of Europe is now OBJ
tanned from this source.
Limited Area of Sugar Growing,
Sugar cane is not cosmopolitan. 1t
is rarely found at all, and never in
profitable condition, north of latitude
81 degrees north, or south of latitude
% degrees south. The cane-produciny
countries are Cuba, Java, the United
States, the Philippine Islands, Brazil,
the Hawaiian Islands, Mauritius, De-
marara, Egypt Barbados, Peru, Porto
Rico Trinidad, Guadalupe, Reunion,
Martinique, Jamaica ana the Lesser
Antilles.
During slave days in the West Indies
and iii the Southern States of America,
hand hoeing was universal but the
plow is now very generally used when
the nature of the ground permits. The
best varieties are ready for cutting in
about ten months from the time of
planting, but other varieties require
from twelve to twenty months to de-
velop. When the canes are fully ripe
they are cut little above the ground,
and tied in bundles to be conveyed to
the mill. Fresh canes spring from the
root, so that the plantation does not
require to be renewed for several
years; but the canes II the first crop
laFe the largest, and . radual decrssss
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1902-07-02

There was never valid defense for
the purchase of Danish West Indies
island by the United States. The OBJ
jections to the purchase We're grave.
The proposal implied n traffic in lu-
man beings. The political allegiance
of the island was to be altered without
the consent of the governed. We need
nothing in the West Indies but har-
Dor accommodations. These we can
have at the ordinary commercial rate.
The volcanic character of the group.
tragically Illustrated of late, consti-
tutes another objection to our acqui-
sition of realty in that quarter That
there was an attempt Mt colossal cor
ruption in the proposed deal with Dem
mark is beyond question. The propo-
nents Of the immoral bargain have de-
sired to extend for year the time for
ratification of the Hay treaty to con-
summate the scandalons transaction.
Senator Hale deserves credit for hav-
ing defeated the conspiracy to extend
the ratification period. The subject
ought to be dropped Mt once and de-
.cisively.--Chicago Chronicle.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1902-07-02

If there is one thing more than an
other that certain classes OF industrial
managers care less for than any other
it is that vague entity called public
opinion. Public opinion Has been
aroused to fever heat over the exac-
lions of the beef trust, but 1t has no
practical effect in reducing prices, what
ever else it may have accomplished. In
tine, through expression at the polls, it
may make its power felt, but in the
meantime the price of meat remains at
extraordinary rates. Public opinion
upon the anthracite dispute has been
largely against the operators because
of their refusal to nrbltrate, but the at
titude of the public has in no way alter
ed the position of the operators.-Pit
burg Dispatch.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1902-07-02

There is n brutal old proverb, young
folks think old folks are fools, but old
folks know young folks are" The fam
lily where that is true is n wretched
one. full of friction, misunderstanding
and heartburning, and always in DAN
ger of complete disruption. Education
to-day lays great stress on the knowl-
edge Of human nature as the founda-
ton of usefulness. Psychology, sociol
ogy and pedagogy alike declare that
we must know people before we can
serve them. Are parents to be left out
of this category? Is there any good
reason that the girl who is deeply in
terested in the motives and desires of
some poor creature from the slums
should make no effort to comprehend
her own mother? Does enthusiasm for
explaining the contradictions in the
character of Mary Queen of Scots pre-
clude loving study of the peculiari-
ties of an aunt or grandmother? Her
elders began to try to understand the
baby girl when she was born. They
have been, probably. but partially sue
cessful III mastering the problem; but
she ought OH arriving ut years of dis
erection to lend hand toward mu-
t,al appreciation. The first lesson that
the young need to learn about their
elders is that change of the point Of
view is difficult, If not impossible, for
them. Their horizon may be widened,
but not shifted. Let the daughter find
out what her parents really care for;
what most pleases them; what most
easily irritates them; what tires them;
what refreshes them; what they like
best to eat, to drink, to talk about, to
see, to feel. These facts once MASTER
ed and accepted, n long step has been
taken toward understanding-and IN
Outstanding of one another is tine Of
mospherc in which home grows to be
indeed the dearest spot on earth.
| While the father and mother are lnak-
| ing it possible for the childs life to be
enriched by education and by travel
| 1t is her business to see that their lives
arc enriched and broadened by the in.
terests that come to her. She is tc
open to them new and strange lands
without the pain of travel. Her friends
her enthusiasms, her pleasures are tt
be marshaled before their fireside. Sc
each generation may live twice through
the joys of youth. and gradually an ~
|telligent unscltishness may close up for
ever that cruel cllasm which has often
separated youth and age.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1902-07-02

a UGAR is generic term, having
- one meaning in chemistry. an
other in commerce and still an
other in politics. In the slang phrase
ology Of the day, sugar has supplanted
soap" rs the agent which keeps po-
litical machines creased and accom-
plishes many things which the unini-
tiated public fails to understand.
The suga. OF commerce, however,
while 1t has been suspected of mixing
in politics, has a more important office
than that of Il lubricant of the wheels
of government. If it sweetens the cup
for some of our statesmen 1t also fills
the cup for thousands of toilers, gives
scores of thousands of little folks the
stomach ache and, in one form or an
other, makes America the paradise of
dentists. America does not make n
very large proportion of the worlds
supply of raw sacchnrine matter, but
it refines great dealiof it, importing
for the purpose something like 2,7OO,-
100000 pounds annually. While the
United States produces only about
6OOO0O,OOO pounds of cane sugar annu-
ally, 1t retines many times that amount,
an indication that this country not only
has a very big Sweet tooth but has
refining influence upon one of the
worlds great products.
The sugar Of commerce is obtained
from the juice of the sugar cane, a
genus of the grasses, which is found
chiefly in tropical and sub-tropical re-
gions, and is also obtained from spe-
cies of tue beet root which is cult
waited for the purpose extensively
abroad, and of late years to consider
able and constantly increasing extent
in some portions of the United States.
AS matter of fact, the worlds annual
production OF beet sugar is much larger
than the production of cane sugar.
Cane sugar is the kind in common
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1902-07-02

quite similar to that pursued with cane
sugar, except that the juice is treated
with lime or sulphuric acid to clarity
1t, Is strained through flannel, and the
filtered juice is mixed with limewater
beat up with the white of egg. Beet
root gives about 10 per cent Of sac
charine matter as compared with the
is per cent Of cane sugar. The man
gold-wurtzel beet is best fdr' sugar
making. These dry details give an
idea of sugar refining. The production
of sugar, the various stages of its de-
velopment from cane to marketable
product, and the commerce in sugar
constitute a prodigious industry. The
beet sugar production of the world
amounts to 100000 tons annually.
while the production of cane sugar
reaches an annual total of 1890, 600
tons. A fair proportion Of the worlds
output of raw cane sugar comes from
America, not to exceed 265,OOO tons.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1902-07-02
FEARED WRATH Of FATHER.

How an Englishman Collected a Debt
Owed by Deceased Turk,
A very curious experience is that re-
Gently related by an Englishman resi-.
dent In Turkey. He had loaned Turk
some money, but the man was unable
to pay, and on his deathbed laid par
ticular charge on his wife and children
to meet the debt. The eldest son was
making arrangements accordingly, but
also died, and he, too. begged his family
to pay the money as soon as they could.
One day the Englishman received a
visit from member of the family, who
said that there We're now four members
of it left and they We're ready to pay,
but one of the daughters refused to sub
scribe her share, declaring that the
money was never really lent. The 9TH
ers, however, wished to settle the mat
ter, and if the Eiglishman would come
to the house it would be arranged.
But" the Turk added, "if you see
there is any difficulty, just say tb1t you
leave 1t to he settled in the mex. %orld."
Accordingly the Englishm went to
the house at the appointe time and
met the family in the 7 lsence of a
mollah. the ladies bein 4 behind a
screen. The mollah began by asking f
he had truly lent the money, how much
1t was and If lie would take any less.
One of the women behind kept saying
1t was all a fraud. The Englishman
then declared that he had lent the
money; that he had not asked for 1t:
that they had told him to come and get
1t, and If they did not want to pay it he
would leave the matter to be settled In
the next world. There was dead silence
for a few moments and then the women
called their brother and each paid her
suare without word. 1t seems the
of meeting the father in e
other world without having carried out
lis wishes was too serious a thing to
ace.
1t is better TO marry crying woman
han hair-pnlllng enc
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1902-07-02
"BuslNEss is BUSINESS
Mr.. Pnrvo Explains to Ills Wife the
Significance of Strikes.

SiEn1uCanCe OF Strikes.
Reginald" said Mrs. Parvo, glancing
up from the evening paper. do you be-
lieve in calling strikes?"
Certainly do" replied Mr.. Paryo.
most assuredly, if they are called In
an impartial and unbiased manner, but
tell you It's mighty aggravatlng to
have three men OH bases in the ninth
inning, two men out, with one run nee
essary to win. and then have some
blooming one-eyed astigmatized umpire
in sympathy with the visiting team call
the batter cut on strikes when he hasn't
even"
why, Reginald Parvo. what are you
talking ,out?"
What do you think l am talking
about?" growled Mr.. Parvo.
"Griddlecalies." replied Mrs. Parvo;
they're the only thing | know of that
require batter. Why, can't follow
you at ALL Reginald. always sup
posed that it was the labor unions that
called strikes. never even heard of
one-eyed umpire before. What does
he have to do with it,"
with what?"
with the carpenters strike"
"Oh, the devil! thought you were
reading the baseball column, but ~
stick to what said just the same.
I'm for strikes that are impartial and
unbiased"
Reggie, dear!"
Eyes, love"
SIS the carpenters strike that kind of
!. strike?"
"Pm waiting to see which side wins
before commit myself" whispered
Mr.. Parvo. 80 as not to interfere With
my business"
You're Just as shrewd as you can
be, Reggie"
well know a thing or two, /
guess said Mr. Parvo, proudly, dra---
ing in two full breaths at once.-Hart-
ford Times.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1902-07-02

"Prospcrityo and Cost of Living.
The great prosperity of the country
rebounds to the benefit of trust proprie-
tors, the manufacturers who are COM
bined in trusts with a tariff which gives
them vast profits on their products and
to corporations transacting business in
violation of the national and State anti
trust laws. The prosperity is abundant,
but 1t is confined to few.
The great mass of the people of the
country live on stated wages. All the
money earned by the vast majority
comes to them rs wnges and salaries
which cannot be advanced us the cost
of living increases day by day.
The result is obvious. The man liv-
ing on his salary or wages finds his
daily expenses for himself and family
much greater than formerly, while his
wages or salary remains about the
same. The men living on fixed wages
and they compose nine-tenths of the
male population-have no share In the
national prosperity.
On the contrary, they are worse off
relatively than they were before the
tidal wave of prosperity swept over the
country. The cost Of living-the daily
expenses of life in every home-5can be
stated at an average Of 25 per cent more
than the cost before prosperity arrived.
Every householder can estimate TO.
himself the harvest of prosperity which
he has gathered.
There are few necessaries of life that
have not advanced at least 100 per cent
III cost within two years. Many of the
necessaries of life have advanced 40 or
80 per cent in cost. Some necessaries
have advanced from 20 TO so per cent.
The average is at least % per cent.
There has been no corresponding In
crease in the amounts received by any
wage-earners In the country. The
trusts, monopolies and combines have
monopolized the harvest of prosperity.
None of the fruits goes to the common
everyday citizen trying to live on his
earnings, which are the same as they
We're before we had our prosperity"
1t is true that there are few or no idle
men. Our prosperity has given employ
ment to many thousands who had been
unable for years to obtain a livelihood
by labor which they We're willing and
anxious to perform. In that respect our
prosperity has been Of benefit to others
aside from members of the trusts and
combines.
But that is its limit. While 1t has
given means for n livelihood to many
thousands who before 1t came were
idle, it has not Increased the means of
a livelihood enjoyed by those who had
not been idle. On the contrary, while
not Increasing their pay and wages, it
has increased by at least one-quarter
all the expenses of their homes and
methods of life.-Chicago Chronicle.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1902-07-02

tai is frightful. The destructive power
of these insect pests of the field and
orchard is SO great that it is hard to
digest the figures. e. Dwight Sander
son, an entomologist of renown, as
serts the annual loss is over $500, 00O,-
600, almost million dollars every
twenty-four hours. And yet there is
little complaint, little amazement. Be-
cause these things are part of every
day life. They were and they will be,
and the public. If it stops to think
about it at all is philosophical. 1t is
the unexpected and unforeseen that
shocks. Pclec, with its steaming era
ter, is no more wonderful than the in
sect army that eats up 100000
day, and all the volcanoes that are
known to man have not compared in
property destructivencss to the insect
enemies of mankind.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1902-07-02

and thirty feet high ordinarily. but in
the mammoth Havemeyer refinery in
Brooklyn is char-lilter containing
thirty tons of bone charcoal. The dark
liquor percolates slowly through the
coarse powder. The result is that it
flows out at the bottom perfectly
transparent and pure solution of sugar.
The charcoal can only be used for 4
few days at time, because ii gradu-
ally loses its purifying power. but 1t
is taken out and returned and then Is
as good as ever.
The liquor as it flows from the char
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1902-07-02

of size takes place. The ordinary prac-
tice on sugar estates is to renew a part
Of the plantation every year.
Sugar refining, to which passing ref
erence has been made, has become a
gigantic industry, and the process has
been improved so much by the intro
duction of machinery that whereas for
merly only the very wealthy could
afford to use refined sugar, now it is
one of the commonest accessories of
life. Even so late MS the last half of
the last century,. sugar was by no
means in general use, its cost being
prohibitive excepting among the rich.
The process of refining sugar is sub
stantially the same in all countries,
although it has been brought to great
er perfection in America than else
where, The preparation of raw sugar
Is interesting. The extraction of the
juice from the cane is effected by sim
pie pressure. The mills in use are pow
erful machines. Some idea of the
strength of these mills will be formed
from the fact that one of the rollers
weighs upward of five tons. The axles
are II inches in diameter. The canes,
freed from all loose leaves. are passed
through between the rollers under the
greatest pressure that can be brought
to bear upon them. The rollers revolve
only from two to four times per min
ute. From 100 pounds of cane,- Go or
70 pounds of cane juice will be ex-
pressed. The juice, which is of n
sweetish teste, and of the color of
dirty water, passes direct from the
mill to reservoir, where 1t usually re-
ceives small dose of quickllme, and
without delay runs off to large iron or
copper vessels, heated either by n fire
underneath or by steam pipes in the
liquid. The scum rising to the top is
skinned off or the liquid is drawn off
at the bottom. The concentration of
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1902-07-02

The government is trying to do too
much. 1t has taken on functions that
belong exclusively to private enterprise
great expense. The prevailing civil
service system is one of the most glar
ing frauds that ever afflicted the COIL
try. If the civil service, reformevs
would devote themselves as assiduous
ly to wedding out the barnacles and
superannuates in the public offices as
they do to the promoting of Il class sys-
tenn they might be of some use to .ie
country. Cincinnati Enquirer.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1902-07-02
Hnnnn,s Pathetic Plight.

It has been a long, long time since
the American people have gazed upon
more pathetic national figure than
Uncle Marcus Aurelius Hanna Of Ohio.
According to his despairing testimony
he is having all sorts of trouble In
fighting down the popular notion That
he is or ought to be candidate for
the presidency of these United States.
We think 1t is one of the saddest thing,
on record that the people will not be-
leve that Uncle Marcus is in politics
from the sublimest Of unseltish ao-
tiyes.-Atlanta Constitution.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1902-07-02
Prosecuting General Miles.

The administration attitude toward
Gen. Miles has been for many months
such as to resemble persecution. The
nation does not take kindly to the crit
icisms and insinuations against the
general commanding the army, whose
gravest fault has been an honest frank
ness. Which is certainly foreign to the
methods of the War Department. The
sooner the fight to destroy Miles is
brought out into the open the better j.
will be fec all concerned. Boston
Traveller.