davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Cooperstown courier. (Cooperstown, Griggs Co., N.D.) 1902-1913, 1902-06-05
SPANS YOUNG. KING.
His Lite WIN Not Be One Of Unal-
loyed Pleasure.


Il King Alfonso XIII. has been
crowned king Of Spaina He took the
oath. under melancholy conditions.
He Is the third monarch of the re
stored housesof Bourbon, which gave
way in 1908 to Joseph Bonaparte, and
/ III 1870 to the house of Savoy, which
was set aside by the republic three
years later, the Bourbons returning
to power with the father of the
young king in 1875. ~
Maria Christina, who has been the
head of the state during the infancy
of the heir, has been without re-
proach in public and private life, and
has probably administered the af-
fairs of the decrepit monarchy as
well as it's conditions have made pos
sible.
Young King Alfonso, says the Chi
cago Chronicle, becomes the consti-
tutional sovereign of 1S,0O0,0o0 peo-
pie sparsely distributed at the rate
of 30 to the square mile. The consti-
tuition proclaimed in 1876 places in
the legislature jointly with the king
>the power of making the laws. This
reactionary feature of the funda-
mental law of Spain manifests the
Bourbon curse.
The people made the constitution,
but confessed that they dare not
trust themselves with the making of
their laws. The legislature is COM
plicated by various categories of SEN
ators, grandees, university represent
atives and academicians, VIGOROUSLY
The Cooperstown courier. (Cooperstown, Griggs Co., N.D.) 1902-1913, 1902-06-05
CORRUPTION IS APPALLING.
Report Of April Grand Jury Puts CT,
Louis Omcials In bad Light.
capable ma

St. Louis, June 2.-The April grand
jury, who has been investigating mu.
nicipal corruption, with the assist.
ance of Circuit Attorney Joseph W.
Falk, made its final report satur.
day to Judge Douglas. The report
says that while there may have
been corruption in other cities as
great as we have had here, yet, in nc
place in the world and in no tins
known to history. has SO, much Off.
cial corruption, been uncovered, and
the evidence shown so that all could
see and understand. These revela.
tions have been so appalling as TO be
almost beyondabe1ief, and it would lie
years before the extent of the dis
coyeries are fully realized"
The Cooperstown courier. (Cooperstown, Griggs Co., N.D.) 1902-1913, 1902-06-05
4 VERBOSE SENATOR.
Colorado Ma, Promise. to Succeed
10 Aliens Title ~ Champion
Long Dkvtance Talker.

Senator Thomas Macdonald Patter.
son. the junior senator from Colorado.
has become noted for two character
istics during the six months that he
has served in the senate. One is his
ever readiness to speak on any and ali
subjects, contrary. to the old tradi-
tons of this body, and the other is his
verbosity.
Patterson promises to succeed to
ex-senator Aliens title of the cham
pion long distance talker of the SEN
ate. He was born in ireland 81 years
ago. and received his early.education
I in New York city and at Astoria, L. L
AT one time he was a printer. at an
other matchmaker and jeYeler. He
moved to Denver in 1872 and had .
The Cooperstown courier. (Cooperstown, Griggs Co., N.D.) 1902-1913, 1902-06-05

church. He is SO years old and was
professor of canon law in Seton Hall,
college and seminary when, in March.
1892. he was made bishop of Green Bay,
Wis.,. to succeed Most Rev. Frederick
Xavier Katzer, who was promoted to
the archbishopric of Milwaukee. He
has since been recognized as of the
most progressive and conservative Of
the German Catholic bishops repre-
senting the German element in the
church. His most recent prominence
was in association with Bishop McFaul,
of Trenton, N. j., in successfully organ.
izing the Federation of Catholic soci-
cites. This. it was said at the time, was
accomplished in spite of the oppose
ton Of Cardinal Gibbons and Arch
bishop ireland.
This German element in the Catholic
church has been specially antagonistic
to Archbishop 1reland's ideas and
school of thought. Archbishop Ire
lands candidate for the Manila SEQ
was said to be Bishop Thomas O'Gor-
man, of Sioux Falls, s. d.
The Cooperstown courier. (Cooperstown, Griggs Co., N.D.) 1902-1913, 1902-06-05
The War Horse Denouncel. :

The horse in war is expensive,
fragile and fool; he is greedy, and
his food is as bulky as himself; he re-.
quires an expert to keep him efficient
under hard work, and miracle to keep
him alive under heavy fire. He must
be watched and guarded more careful
" than the lines Of communication
both in action and in camp; he is d
coward; the race Of them that snorted
cha! ha! among the trumpets, the
noise Of the captains and the shout
ing" is dead, if it ever lived at all out.
side the inspired mind of the plague.
stricken poet; he. is traitor, and Will
desert to the enemy at the first op.
portunity, probably with three days
rations at his sadie bags and useful
rifle in the bucket. London SPECTATOR.
e /. = AR sts ! j.
The Cooperstown courier. (Cooperstown, Griggs Co., N.D.) 1902-1913, 1902-06-05
HEAD OF CLUB WOMEN.
Grafton, 10 u Linguist, . Must.
clan and Poet.

One of the most popular and prom
inent members of Sorosis, a. woman
who was once chosen by. unanimous
vote as presiding officer of that famous
club. has just been promoted to an Of.
fee of national consequence among
club women. This fortunate ladys$is
Mrs. DIMES T. S. Denison, Of New
York city, whe was elected president
of the General Federation of Women's
clubs at the convention held. in Los
Angeles. Mrs. Denison possesses al
The Cooperstown courier. (Cooperstown, Griggs Co., N.D.) 1902-1913, 1902-06-05

~ educated after the Spanish method,
has an intimate knowledge of condi-
tions as they prevailed under the Span
ish. and is an ardent little patriot.
Her training was to fit her specially
for teacher, and this will be her oc-
cupation when she returns to the is
lands. Until now she and her brother
Sixto have been too deeply engrossed
in the affairs of the country to take
up teaching. She is quite musical, and
plays the piano with rare skill. She
likes America and everything Ameri-
can except the manner of dress This
she cannot accustom herself to, and
much prefers to wear the costumes
which she brought with her. She will
remain in the United States some
months.
The Cooperstown courier. (Cooperstown, Griggs Co., N.D.) 1902-1913, 1902-06-05
a. s.mple Of scotch caution.

A certain Scottish minister in west
Highland parish has never yet been
known to permit stranger to occupy
his pulpit. Lately. however, an Edin-
burgh divinity student was spending
q few days in the parish, and on the
Saturday he called at the manse and
asked the minister to be allowed to
preach the following day. "My dear
Young man." said the minister, laying
q hand gently on the young mans
shoulder, "gin I lat ye preach the
morn, and We gle better sermon than
me, my fowk wad never again be salts
fed wi my preaching; and gin y're nae
better preacher than me, ye're mo-
worth listening tact"
The Cooperstown courier. (Cooperstown, Griggs Co., N.D.) 1902-1913, 1902-06-05
ARCHBISHOP OF MANILA.


According to advices received from
well informed authority in Rome thu
pope has offered the nomination Of the
archbishop Of Manila. to Right Rev Sc
bastian Gerhard Aessmer, bishop Of
Green Bay, Wis, and is waiting for a
formal acceptance by that prelate be.
fore making his choice known. The
Spanish archbishop Of Manila, Mgr.
Nozelada de Villa, has resigned and
the see will retire to Spain, as did the
prelates in Cubs when the United
States took possession there. =
Bishop Messner is well-known Ger.
man-American leader of the Catholic
The Cooperstown courier. (Cooperstown, Griggs Co., N.D.) 1902-1913, 1902-06-05
Woman soldier of Revolution.

The memory of Deborah Sampson
Gannett, the woman soldier Of the
revolutionary war who fought under
the name of Robert Shurtleff. was hon
ored lately at banquet at Sharon,
Mass, where she lived more than 40
years. Her body lies in Rockbridge
cemetery in that town. where the
grave is frequently pointed out to
visitors. The banqueting hall was
decorated with the national colors,
and intermingled in large letters were
the historic names: Deborah Samp-
son. Mary Lyon. Anne Hutchingson
and Hannah Dustin. In conspicuous;
place was placard on which were the
words: 81 Was There This referred
to Deborah SIMPSONS oft-repeated
saving in her lectures on the battles in
which she had participated while
dressed as man. One of the speakers
during the evening suggested that
these words be placed upon Sharon'a
town seal.
The Cooperstown courier. (Cooperstown, Griggs Co., N.D.) 1902-1913, 1902-06-05

the least democratic lawmakers the
world has ever known.
A rigid union of church and state
to their mutual injury remains an
other barrier i'm. the way of prog
ress. Local enlightenment has ex-
listed forscenturies,s and is whollysin-
dependent Of the national legislature
and executive, according to the con-
stitution, but in fact the aristocracy
and crown, with the aid of the army,
leave little except a name of local
self-government throughout the coun-
try.
Alfonso becomes the sovereign Of
q nation four-fifths of whom can
neither read nor write. Yet the
country has many universities upon
which public money Is lavished Tor
the privileged few "a compulsory
school law was passed hearty half q
century ago, but theres&has 10 never
been a sincere attempt to put it
into operation. ri 80
No monument inahistorys proelnims
ingsAthe failure Of shighsr educat ion
W sHcHtIb SSuS COkyslHOIAsnf1glYLN lies
into more graceful sconspicuots-
ness than the monumental illiteracy
of Spain when its young king. amid
pomp, and pagentry, assumes his he
reditary Office.
The spectacle is one to arouse pro-
found sympathy for the people of
! Spain, to whose genius in the past
the world is. SO profoundly indebted.
The spectacle is one to warn every
community against Spending money
upon higher education while failing
to afford ample schooling for the
children of the people.
King Alfonso will be the nominal
commander of an army in which all
Spaniardss overz19 years of age are
obliged TO serve three years, unless
release is procured by substitute.
The young king will command. a
nominal navy whose pathetic history
reached tragic close under the
able and gallant Cervera.
The young king enters upon his
reign under circumstances that
might we'll discourage men of ripe
years and extensive familiarity with
craftsmanship. His youth will COM
mand the sympathy of his. people,
who ought to hold themselves chief
ly to blame if they Sill to elect a
legislature which will effectually
guide the inexperienced monarch to
rule the country wisely
The Cooperstown courier. (Cooperstown, Griggs Co., N.D.) 1902-1913, 1902-06-05

floor with pillow under his head.
She asked him if he wanted his even.
ing paper. Receiving no reply, sho
tried to arouse him and discovered
that he was dead.
Mr.. Pennoyer was regarded as one
of the ablest governors the Pacifi,
coast ever had. AS farmer, lawyer,
teacher, editor, merchant and poll
tician he made q name as an honest,
capable man.
The Cooperstown courier. (Cooperstown, Griggs Co., N.D.) 1902-1913, 1902-06-05
MISS cLEMENc1A LOPEZ.


Senorita Clemenaia Lopez, sister. Of
Sixto Lopes, long the privateSsecretary
Of AgninaldO, sexpects toabe called be
fore the senate committee in Washing
ton TO give testimony regarding the
Philippines. She will be willing wit
ness, aand should be a valuable one, for
her intelligence and knowledge of at
fairs thereare considerable Senorita
Lopez is now the guestSof Fiske War
rem, in Boston. She was born ,26 years
ago In Balayan, Batangas, one of fam
lily Of tenchildren. She was excellent
The Cooperstown courier. (Cooperstown, Griggs Co., N.D.) 1902-1913, 1902-06-05

Are pleased With President for Hon.
'lj,. d oring Gen. Bragg.
Famous In History % cennanaer 81
the ~Iren Observation-Disclosures In
Battle and Alvvays.Active
In Politics.. 7ess

Seventy-Rve years have silvered the
hair and beard of Gen. Edward S.
Bragg, of Wisconsin, who has just been
appointed by President Roosevelt as
consul general at Havana. Almost
diminutive in stature, the veteran is
still in the possession of great mental
vigor. His eyeAis yet clear and pierre
ing, his conversation entertaining, his
wit keen, his sarcasm as incisiye as in
the days when he was leading figure
in the political contentious that early
gave him national az well as local
fame. He was ever controversialist,
and nothing delighted him more than
to be in the heat of every political
fight, state and national. He made q
host of enemies during his long career,
but his friends quote his own words,
uttered in the convention that NOM
mated Mr.. Cleveland the second time
for the presidency: I'VE love him for
the enemies he has made"
It was as the commander of the ia
nous Iron brigade in the army of the
Potomac during the civil war that Gen.
Bragg won his chief title to everlast-
ing fame. The brigade consisted Of
the Second, Fifth and Sixth Wiscon-
sin regiments, and the Nineteenth In
diana, and with few changes this or
ganization was maintained until the
close of the war. The late Gen. John
Gibbon was the original commander,
but on his promotion to the command
of corps Gen. Bragg was placed in
control. From the date of his assum-
ing his duties to the close of the war
he was constantly at the head of his
men. cheering them on to gallant
deeds.
Gen. Bragg is just such a fighter in
politics as he was in war, and he is al.
The Cooperstown courier. (Cooperstown, Griggs Co., N.D.) 1902-1913, 1902-06-05

the DISQUALIFICATION needed in such
an official. She is an excellent public
speaker and has demonstrated her
ability as d presiding officer on many
occasions, while she is personally mag.
netic and agreeable. She has, mores
over, not merely foated into the en-
inent position she now fills. but has
fairly earned her promotion. As. &
leading member Of the Patrice club
and as the chairman Of the printing
committee Of the New York State Fed
Grafton Of Women's clubs, Mrs. Den.
ison has done great of active
and efficient work in feminine clubdom.
In addition to her qualities as a club
and society woman, Mrs. Denison Il
an accomplished linguist. musicians
and poet.
The Cooperstown courier. (Cooperstown, Griggs Co., N.D.) 1902-1913, 1902-06-05

ways in his element when contending
against heavy odds. Although his hair
has been turned gray by the frosts
of many winters, in spirit he is as in
domitable as ever, as ready to lead a
forlorn hope as he was to lead a charge
in the day when he was "a years young
err than now. 1s
In the national campaign of 1896
he refused to support the candidacy
of William j. Bryan, and enrolled him
self in the ranks of the national democ-
racy7 with Gen. John N. Palmer as its
candidate. In 1900 he still refused to
support Mr.. Bryan, and although he
took no part in the campaign, was
known to favor the reelection of Mr..
Mckinley. that being, as he expressed
it, the least of two evils" -
Cen. Bragg served for four terms
in congress after the close of the war.
While in the. house he was an uncom-
promising democrat.opposing with all
his vigor and .eloquence the republican
party. He was appointed minister to
Mexico by President Cleveland in 1887.
For many years ne was Wltnout SUI
perior as political debater, and the
galleries of the house Of representa-
tives were always well filed when it
was known he was to speak. In the
national democratic convention of
1888, held in Chicago. he made the IA
nous speech seconding the nomination
of Grover Cleveland for the presidency,
in which he used the famous phrase,
in reply to the assault Of Tammany
delegate upon Mr.. Cleveland: 1--WE
love him for the enemies he has made. /"
This phrase became rallying cry of
the campaign and did much toward
cementing the democratic party in Mr..
Cleveland's support, although it wild
ened the breach between him and the
-Tammany faction and doubtless con-
tributed somewhat to the election Of
Mr.. Harrison. w. a
Gen. Bragg has pleasant home at
Fond du Lac, Wis. where he has re.
sided ever since settling in the state.
A daughter is married to lieutenant
in the United States navy, another to
q prominent Fond du Lac business man
and q third is at home with him.
The Cooperstown courier. (Cooperstown, Griggs Co., N.D.) 1902-1913, 1902-06-05
Exposition Closed.

= Charleston; svC:,aJune 2.-At mid.
night President Wagner turned of
the electric fights, the buglers sounded
'taps," salute was fired and the
SoAHh Carolina Interstate and West
,dhdian exposition, paAaaaeed into history.
The Cooperstown courier. (Cooperstown, Griggs Co., N.D.) 1902-1913, 1902-06-05

rapid rise. being sent to congress! as a
delegate from Colorado in 1874, and
elected, as, representative when Colo.
RADIO was admitted as state in 1876.
In 1892 Patterson bolted the demo-
cratic party and took up with the .peo-
pies party, but in his speech Of: ac.
ceptance of election as senator he an
nounced that he would act with the
democrats of the senate. *.
=. Senator Patterson is a short man,
and rather stout. His scant hair is
coal black, and offers a striking con-
trast o.his white mustache. a +-a~
The Cooperstown courier. (Cooperstown, Griggs Co., N.D.) 1902-1913, 1902-06-05
English Taught in Japa n.

The English Language is taught in
the public schools of Japan. In the
Commercial cities the japanese youth
are eager to learn English, deeming it
an essential qualification to secure
position and. attain wealth.
The Cooperstown courier. (Cooperstown, Griggs Co., N.D.) 1902-1913, 1902-06-05
Ex-G0v. PENNoYER DEAD.
Former Executive Of OREGON sue.
cumbs to Heart Failure-soue
Features Of His Career.

Portland, Ore, June 2.-Former
Gov. Sylvester Pennoyer died sudden
ly Friday afternoon of heart failure.
Mr.. Pennoyer had been in poor health
for the last year. Friday afternoon
his wife saw him lying ON the library
The Cooperstown courier. (Cooperstown, Griggs Co., N.D.) 1902-1913, 1902-06-05
Carment with q History.

Just as Charles was about to step
on the scaffold, in 1919. he took of a
pale-blue silk undershirt and gave it
to his doctor. This shirt was lately
sold at auction in London. and brought
81 ,o22.
The Cooperstown courier. (Cooperstown, Griggs Co., N.D.) 1902-1913, 1902-06-05
wh.t C.lv..ixed iron IL.

what Galvanized Iron II.
Galvanized iron is merely iron dipped
in molten zinc. The coating is not ap
piled electrically, as the term galvan
lied seems to imply.
The Cooperstown courier. (Cooperstown, Griggs Co., N.D.) 1902-1913, 1902-06-05
Commencement.

The commencement exercises Of
Fargo college Will take place Wedneg-
day! morning, June Il: Rev. M. al
Bartlett, d. ID, of Chicago, will deliver
The address. The commencement COP
cert will be. given Wednesday evening
under the Objection of Professor Ira
:B. Penniman. President Morley will
preach the baccalaureate sermon Sum
day nnrning, June Is, and Rev. 7. N.
.Edmands of Wahpeton win deliver
the address before the religious socie.:
ties in the evening". There are four
to graduate from the college and nine
from the preparatory department.
Increased salaries. II;
The following changes i'm the sala-
.ries of presidential postmasters, TAX
ing effect July /, were announced to-
day: North sDakota--Cando, increas-
ed from 1900 to $1,6ooa Darlington,
81, 400 to 81 800; Casselton, $1,50 TO
ST, 600; Coopertown, $1,4OO to $500;
Devils, Lake, $1,000 to $4,000; Drayton.
81, 900 70 100; Fessenden, 81 200 to
: News Notes..
A flowing we'll was struck at Bar
low at the depth of IS feet, and more
will be bored at. once.
John Newlands and his son John
were found dead lin he'd at their home
near Aneta. They had evidently sui
eided by taking poison.
An italian railroad laborer was
shot through the hip during row
at jamestown.
The state school board will take mp
about $4,000 of Jamestown school
bonds, at a saving of about 81 200 in
interest to the district annually.
Two dogs got after wild cat at
Linton, and killed it after securing
reinforcements.
!: The Dickinson council votes $3.50 to
the fire department for tournament
purposes.
The symington family, three boys
OF which were drowned at Pembina
on Sunday, was one of the first to
settle in Pembina county.
Down in Sheldon a man had such
bad dreams that he tried to- jump
through. the bedroom window. He
succeeding IN cutting his wrist on the
glass, and arousing the whole neigh
bcrhopd. sisF So 'i';.'
The Cooperstown courier. (Cooperstown, Griggs Co., N.D.) 1902-1913, 1902-06-05

schooner with seven Masts.
y schooner with seven masts is now
In course Of construction at Boston.
The Cooperstown courier. (Cooperstown, Griggs Co., N.D.) 1902-1913, 1902-06-05
- 7slfl , - WI, = -9,357Fls =.
THE MARKETS.
!. a,.ta, Pro y,.ion., Etc.


8 s%8M# n Chicago. May q.
aswFfEAT-Closed lover. July sold at 7lM
arc; September. 10Ag7e7sc; December. nv
@71Mc. grg.. -
September, @e@5sNc; Decemba7I--4411zs41a5sc
OATs-Exc!ted and higher:--Juiy sold al
36A@e7c; September. 29ss@S0Ag.--
BUTTER-Feeling firm. Creamery. 151
&c per pound; dairies. lS@l9c.s--
POTATOES-Weak. Rurals. 5s962c; Bur.
,banks, 6AQ69c:, new potatoes, Triumphs.
/ 32OG316 PER bbl /; good white, $2,25.
EGGS-Narket&stea At. mark. cases
returned. l4.s91sc; "tlrsts." new cases In
eluded, 161zc.
LIVE PoULTRY-Market steady Tur.
keys. 1s0a2c; chickens. 1lf0l1hc; ducks. 81
r. New York, May 81.
BUTTER-Market steady. State dairy
1Sh@R2c;, state creamery. 0aesezc; reno.
waited, WNsUhc; factory. 1H9,9hc: imitation
creamery, 1s1a0Okc.
CHEESE-Afarket DUH ard heavy. Small
:olored, 1O11c; do. white. 10Ac; large colored.
&c: do.. white. 10c.
EGGSMarket firm. State and Pernsyl.
vania. I1Hg18c; western storage packed. II
0l8c; southern. Ng15c. ~
5Af, , Live stock. !
, Chicago, May 81.
SHoGs-Choice to fancy strong weight
shipping. T.25@7.6; common to choice
heavy packing, $s.SeN.25: plain to choice
heavy mixed, s69o07.3O; selected butcher
weights, E.2Ga740; assorted light s.. 85a7. Is:
common to fancy light mixed, $665@7.N.
I CATTLE-Prime beeves, so; good
to choice beeves, $6.7O@7.e5; fair to good ex-
port and shipping steers, >610g6.6O; plain
and medium beef steers. S. 1895 90: common
to rough, $4.50@5.5: good to choice feeders.
$4.600640: poor to good stock steers. $2.75a
40; bulls. plain to fancy, $e.1s@66O: veal
calves, fair to fancy, A.7506eO; corn fed
western steers. $saQ7 40; fed Pexas steers.
s. 906.e0; Texas cows. bulls and grass
steers, $3&05.15.
South Omaha, Neb.. May 81.
CATTLE-Market steady. Native steers.
68M 50; cows and heifers. $a&@600; west
ern steers. A,b@S6; Texas-Aeers. $45o@
$50; Gamers. $1.95@a5 50: stockers and feed.
ers, $s0oa6.40; calves. $S.6C97 G0sbuils, stays.
etc. $s.M@6.OO.
HOGS-Market stronger. Hgavy. N.1O0
Tao; mixed. $70oa7 10: light. S @@7 10; pigs.
S55O@6t50: bdlk of sales, $7.0067:M
.sHEER-Mafket steady. Fed muttors.
&5O@t.0o: westerns. 4oog5.Oo: ewes. $3.50
81 sS5.' 81 sss III ,ie e'0:sl a~sS'''
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1902-08-28
boycott IS ENJO|NED
Attorneys OF Iowa Telephone
Company Secure Order From
Judge Sanborn.
Federal Jurist Issues a Temper.
airy Order Against the Des
Moines Strikers.
Scope of the Writ, Which Has
Not Eeen Served, Not
Not Known.

Des Moines. Aug. 2S-N r. C;uern-
s.v ,ttn,,nav for mo 1or Talanbone
i''''''' q l''iN ''i'''l ~ 'u'''s'
Sahborn. of the United states circuit
count, in ST Paul, Yesterday for an in
i,,n,.ii,,, 10 ras,.,i,, ,aa,1 ,.,i,s,,. l,.,4e.,
- 0i'' ''iti5 q pos coz '7''i''s ~
Iowa company or in any way lnterfer-
ing With its employees Judge Sanborn
;sejea a tan,nor.arv order The naners
-. ~ :, - ' w.
i,1ii - ~
-
: y = ''i.',
- ~ . !" - '9"i'',''' ~ ny =. '.S
- - u " ~ ~ NS' u. 80
'.,i, nv, 'iii.s 'i'i pi'.Vu ~ '''e N@'ii''s
~ 49, '''S.' - =, zen ~
- 81 .i.c "iio
", ii<''''e'' ~ .'ie pe'i'io'l IH Sqr''s
iiie'i IN 'i'e 'iis.i 'N' .o'ii ol ON eoe''i-
= " v ~ ~ W q
stunning oioei' Iiiu W.,lSn 'iuel "'s
~ ~ oii ~
on ''''' NV''' nc ~
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~ - - ''''d q 4,.''.''7