davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1902-04-12
4 FRACTIONAL EXAMPLE.

The conduct of the opposition majority in the
Danish Landsthng the West Indies treaty
is not commended to American favor. There is
little doubt that it is purely fractional in origin
and purpose The opposition members do not
really object to the treaty. They are at heart
in favor of the sale of the islands. But they
want TO put the government into a hole, ana
in order TO do so they do not hesitate to delay
and ohstruct a measure which they know TO be
lust and beneficent. 1t is not an admirable line
of conduct to pursue.
But it is not conduct peculiar to the Danish
Iandsthing 1t has been observed in many
lands. even here where IT'S present manifesto
ton is regarded with much annoyance ana
regret More than once twice the spectacle
has been seen at Washington of the opposition
opposing a measure and even measure of i'm
portant foreign policy, which it knew to he
good one and which it would have favored and
enacted had it been in power and doing so
simply for the sake of putting the government
into hole" That is to say, the welfare of the
country both in domestic affairs and in foreign
relations was sacrificed upon the altar Of fac
ton.
The delay in ratfying the Danish treaty may
not be without profit, if men shall be able to see
the hatefulness and folly of a thing at Copen-
hagen which they could not see at Washington.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1902-04-12

the earliest possible moment is the Veries' eru
ism of administration. That there nave peen
some acts of needless severity, even OF ueplor-
able cruelty, is probably true mat Is 10 say
war is war. and war waged between races uh-
equal in the scale of civilization is always the
worst kind of war.
These references to and charges OF uncalied
for violence and Of outright cruelty VIII uoupt
less receive the consideration which their re-
sponsihle source causes them to deserve Inc!
must be taken seriously. But even they caiiho'
be regarded as convincing until the other siue
has been heard Hear the other side IS
sound rule even for anti-imperialists to follow
in dealing with the governments Phlllppliie
policv. This report of Major Gardeners is en-
titled to the more serious notice for the reason
that It is the first really responsible utterance
we have had upon these subjects amid nood
of chatter charges and incredible insinuatons.
Men are we know, too often inclined to DelleHe
that which they wish to be true. Yet 1t IS
scarcely credible that any one really wishes
wild tales of universal slaughter to be true. or IS
prepared 10 believe them without question or
Confederation when they are told by men VINO
are themselves under grave accusations or mis-
conduct and who presumably are desperatei!
trying TO save their own bacon by running
amucl among the regulations of others. 10
say that there are proved atrocities upon the
strength of such tales is sadly injudiciOus. To
say that our whole policy in the Philippines mas
been a CHASTITY failure. simply because there
have been some military abuses such as are III
separable from all wars while the people are
IovaJlv welcoming our civil policy. which IS our
ONLY permanent policy: is to distort and to mis-
represent the plain facts of the case
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1902-04-12
At THE WHITE HOUSE.

wasbing+o, anr1 II (SpecfaD.-President Roose-
welt and his party returned 10 washington from
their trip to the Charleston Expostion TINS morn
ing arriving at 7:30 o'clock. Owing to the early
hour tbere were few people at the station when
the train arrived. There was no demonstration
and the President at once driven to the Whlte
House.
The President was busy at his desk until the
Cabinet met at IL o'clock. There were only a ie"
callers in the forenoon including Senators Mason
and Beverage and Representatives JACK barthoiu,'
Butler and LESSER, with friends AT I'D the fresi-
dent went to luncheon, his guest being Secretary
Root who gave him information relating 10 '"
affairs of the War Department
1t was learned to-day that Attorney Generai
Knox was not a candidate for Governor Oh fehn-
sylvania. Overseeing the work OF the Depar 'ins'
of Justice is a duty of peculiar interest," 10 WI
Knox and as he has desire to leave "ashihs-
ton. he will not consent to run the compromise
ticket to settle the differences IN the hepuoiie'
party of Pennsylvania NJ, 80
Just after noon Governor Sanford b. Dole Oh
Hawaii, who has come to the city 10 sInds Called
at the White House. He was unable to make an
appointment with the President as the 'aoi''e'
Senator Mason among the Presidents callers
that he Was 'ah s relations With Senator
Hopkins and Mr. alike
most friendly. and he had done and would do MOTH
ence Of partiaty for either of the candidates
My time is altogether TOO Ro os@ ITO admit
Of my taking any part n the Senatorial 'o'''e'
Miss Alice Roosevelt has been cordially welcomed
back to Washington by her friends, ,nast at
dinner this evening. Late in the evening 1'oVernoi
Dole and Mr. Carter caleb TODAY lasted an hour
Several important matters were taken up: tl'oS
them the appointment of a successor to Commits
affairs of the immigration service ana r u" Britisb
camps in South Africa. 1t was decided ina. M, np
further be taken as to the latter 6o pa 9
until the report of Colonel Cro"uei' WIZ
vestigating it. is received
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1902-04-12
THE FTTTRE OF FdH0TS TRACK


The grant by the State Board of Railroad
Commissioners to the New-York and Port CheS-
ter Railroad of permission TO lay four tracks
upon its own right of way. and with grade
crossings, from Wills-ave and One-hundred
and hirty-second-st. through Fordham. Will
iamsbriGge, Mount Vernon and New Rochelle 10
the Connecticut State line will undoubtedly in
crease activity in real estate transactions and
building operations in the territory through
which il will pass. This is not Il praticaI
scheme 10 ruin pleasure drives above the Har-
lem River with noisy trolley ears rushing
through cherished avenues and bOulevards Ii
is a legitimate enterprise. But interesting
effect of the running of this new line Will be
the abandonment of racing in few years at the
famous Morris Park course. The owners of
that property have declared that soon after the
completion of this railroad the park will be
divided up and will not then be used for the
contests of the turf.
Possibly for few seasons more the thorough
breds will vie in exciting contests among the
Westminster hills. but their departure is not far
distant The disappearance of Norris Park
from the list of American tracks will be notable
in the history Of the sport 1t was the most
costly racing property ever devoted to the meet
ings of the runners in this country. The land
itself represented a large investment and a
heavy outlay required for grading and
drainage, for the laying out of the various
courses. for the grandstand and clubhouse. and
for the many spacious stables and other build
ings. No racing centre in the New World
ever more lavishly equipped. More than 81, 0O0,-
600 has been spent upon Morris Park since
ground was first broken there.
Like the city of Washington I'm the old days,
Morris Park is n place of enormous distances
and is exceedingly picturesque and attractive
with its varied scenery 1t has never been a
profitable investment rs racecourse. Turf
men generally expect that before the last meet
ing is held at Morris Park q new track Of the
highest class will be ready for the runners
somewhere on the plains of Long Island out
side of the limits of Kings County. which al
ready contains the grounds of two well known
jockey clubs But for many year after Morris
Park is cut up for building lots the memories of
the days in Westminster when the most re-
nowned of American racers measured strides
among the green hills while tens of thousands
of enthusiastic spectators cheered them on to
victory will abide in the minds of the multi
tudes of admirers of the blue blood sons and
daughters of mighty. feetfooted sircs and dams
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1902-04-12
VETO AND ITS LESSONS.

Either Governor Odell is a wonderfully open
minded man or the critics who have repre-
scented him as a boss who directed every impor-
liant act OF the legislature have been quite De
side the mark. The Governors readiness 10
change his mind in the face OF new knowledge
mas been previously remarked, but nobody could
have expected such change as was involved in
fhe veto of the Krum Corporation Tax bill. IL
n Is true that the legislature in passing the blli
merely bent TO his will as has been repre-
Sen,ed This was one of the most important
general measures passed this year. 1t was the
sul,;ect of much discussion and conference was
amended again and again to meet objections.
and when 1t finally passed was commonly re
garded as a party measure which the leaders
had agreed upon and were bound 10 force
through Certainly nobody who had that I'M
,-essinn of the bill. and believed the stories that
all important questions Were submitted 10 the
Governor before action was taken, expected this
reto. Whatever his attitude may have been
toward the bin at an earlier date-whether he
looked with favor il or not we do not know
he has certainly brought 10 the discharge of his
duty as the final judge of Legislation most
praiseworthy disposition to study measures
carefully and in detail and reach decisions
founded on the merits of propositions put be
fore him.
We think the veto of the krum bill is well
advised. During the session The Tribune criti
esed the main features OF the bin. and the
adjournment Of the legislature spoke of 1t as
the most important OF the bills which ought not
TO have been passed. II prescribes rates of tax
alton which would have considerably reduced
the payments of large corporations. 1t provides
new rules which would oyerturn the settled
law of the State the meaning of which has
been adjudicated, and open the door to a
long period of litigation and judicial construc-
ton. Most important of all, 1t draws an arbi-
trary line between corporations having 20 per
cent OF their capital employed in the State and
those having less. ans taxes the latter on their
whole capital. thereby making it practically
impossible for great foreign manufacturing con-
Germs to buy sell goods here through an
agent or branch Office. Such bin would surely
provoke retaliation. 1t violates sound principles
of taxation and has been opposed by the best
students OF that most difficult science
Nevertheless. the bill was supported by the
Republican leaders from the rural districts
among whom 1t is extremely difficult TO popu-
tarfze correct principles OF taxation as has been
shown by their attitude on the subject OF mort
EAxe taxafiona Mr.. 6tranahan's bill to do away
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1902-04-12
THE NEWS THIS MORNING.

CONGRESS A lively debate was
precipitated by Mr.. Depew's criticism OF Soutn-
ern election methods, in which the Ne" ioih I'm
Senator and Messrs. Money and McLdu ~, %
Mississfnri: Blackburn, of Kentucky, AND SIM
mons of North Carolina, took part; the Nole on
the Chinese Exclusion bill VIII be taken leAe
WEDNESDAY - House: Debate on the CUBAN
yactnrociry bin continued. the chief speech in
favor of the measure being made by MT. Long,
OF Kansas.
FOREIGN.-No direct news of peace IN south
Africa has been given out at LONDON, but hopes
a. entertained that the war Will socn be ended
Ratification of the Danish treaty is Elk
pected. - Major Waller testlneo ia oeig en-
of his actions in Samar. - R1oflng IN foei-
GUM was suppressed by troops. but there is lear
NJ further trouble. -= 1t was reported lroill
vienna that the Dreibund would probapIy De
rnaInteined Edinburgh University con-
ferred the degree of Ii. ID. upon J. u SG@ur-
mar of Cornell. and William James OF mar
yard Il was reported that ten battallons
~ militia would be sent TO Ireland TO enforce
the Coercion act - The taTln coInnntlee ol
the German Reichstag placed hlgh duties upoH
meat
DOMESTIC President Roosevelt returned to
washington from his trip to the Charleston
Fxuos5sion - The President has selected
gueene F. Ware of Kansas for Commissioner
OF Pensions to succeed Henry Clay Evans. =
william Williams was nominated Tor Cofnfnls-
siouer OF Immigration at the Port or NeW-ho H.
and James r. Garfield for CIVIL service oo n
s5oner - Mrs A T. Tower, wife OF a fouen-
keepsie millionaire while supposedly Temporarily
insane shot her son five times Killing MIN ail9
ffsay cd
lie hills and vetoed Senator Krums bill for a
changed taxation of corporations.
CITY-Stocks were strong and actlVe. -
II was learned that the city would soon pIlIls
.,,.,s for amounts aggregating S10o0,ooo against
street railway companies for the cost OF repairs
70 movements within and adjoining surface fhes:
- II was said that the Centrai iaApdsH
.IIio,,ca Of The Bronx, would probably adopt
resolutions in favor of an East SIDE rapid iran
SIT subway Controller Circuit told the
Board of Estimate that the city Wouid need :. 10
sa1 bonds worth $50 900 provide for IT'S
needs for the ensuing year. - Jurors o oiii-
missioner welde declared that he would not give
nv, his office TO ey-Judge Thomas Allison until
ne Court of Appeals had decided on the validity
II Allison's appointment @= LleutenanI OoN-
ernor woodruff announced that John ~. foche,
faiIe- had rrornised TO give Adefphi College. OF
ProoklvTl $4,000 if friends Of the INSTITUTION
raised p similar amount within a year
THE WEATHER-Forecast for to-day
-1opdv and unsettled. with occasional rains. Inc
tennerat,,re Yesterday: Highest, 63 degrees;
lowest AZ: average, %.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1902-04-12

Chief of State it is not pleasant to nave the
State just over the border permit the puoi'ea
ton of exultant articles brutal and ripaid III
tone. This country appreciates the ACTON oi
Italy in suppressing and Furnishing such III
famies on its own soil in the case of the nlurier
of Mckinley. 1t would have been better IL
Switzerland had similarly forbidden some arti-
cles which have been published WITHIN us
borders concerning the Italian King and fls
martyred father And it would not nave
lessened her honorable fame as a land of lib
erty.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1902-04-12
THE DIPLOMATIC CORPS.

Washington. April II (SpeciaD-The Ambassador
of Germany gave dinner party TINS evening nc
table was decorated with spring flowers Hiihe-
Won ahaur-Pa schwitz was hostess. The guests
were the Ambassador of Mexico and Nine DE
Aspiroz the Secretary of War and Mrs Root the
Minister of Turkey, the Minister of Belgium ana
baroness Moncheur Representative and Mrs NC
fIaIlan lieutenant Commander de Faramonde de
Iafajoie of the French Embassy: H. =, NorHiI IN
Netherlands Legation: c. Hauge, of the SWedlsn
Legation: Mime. de Perez Rivera. Mrs. fa, fi
PIsina ReaIe Mr. and Mrs. William Schall, MISS
Rose WalIach, Miss Elizabeth Stevens, MISS
Josephine Patten. Count Won M0ntselass. anu Lieu
tenant Comman der Won Rebeur-PaschWitz
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1902-04-12
NETWORK SOCIETY.

The coaching season begins on Monday when the
Pioneer starts it's daily runs between the Holland
HOUSE and the Ardsey Casino. Alfred G.. Wander
bilt Will have charge of it this spring. and will
drive frequently. Center Hitchcock has secured
for its first trip. and James Henry Smith
has chartered it for Tuesday. ON Friday Mrs
Saturday its passengers will he William p. Bur
and Robert f L. Gerry Colonel Jay viii be the
whip. Alfonso de Navarro is booked for April II
Lord Mimic Governor General of Canada. and
Lady Mimic were callers at the home of William
G. Whitney yesterday afternoon. and had tea with
him 1t not reception in any sense. Mr.
Whitneys other guests included members of his
Mimic also had tea with Mrs Charles Dana Glib
No. Ill East Thirty -hfth-st.
William c. Whitney will visit his racing stables
at Sheepshead Bay to-day. and afterward go to his
country home at Westbury. Long Island where he
and his daughter. Miss Dorothy Whitney. and his
step-daughter, Miss Adelaide Randolph will spend
Sunday.
DIR. and Mrs. w Seward Webb return from their
trip to California on Tuesday or Wednesday. They
will probably start early in May for SheIburne
Forms their estate in Vermont
The last meeting of the season of the Friday
Evening Dancing Glass took place Sherry's last
evening in the large ballroom. There a full
attendance of members and a number of of
town guests. The guests received by Mrs.
Ben)amln s. Church, MIS-. EDWARD Curtis Mrs
other patronesses ]. MONTGOMERY Strong led the
cotillon, dancing alone. There We're several favor
figures in which chain purses, ribbons, fans and
various other trinkets were distributed.
Invitations have been sent out By Mrs. William
Rhineander for a luncheon which she will give on
April 30 at her home, No. IS West Forty-eghth-st.
Mrs. John Sherman Hoyt. who has been visiting
her mother Mrs. Arson Phelps Stokes. the lat
ter's home, in Madison-ave., has returned to her
country place at Rowayton, Conn
The Ping Pong Club of Manhattan of which Dr.
Charles Lee is president and r. Hall Mccormick
jr vice-president finished its tournament for
mixed doubles last night In the Berkeley Lyceum
The patronesses of the club include Mrs. E. Nor
gan Grinnell. Mrs. Charles R Huntington. Mrs.
Edward Prime. Mrs. George Ward bartholomew.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1902-04-12
TRANSATLANTIC TRAVELLERS.

Some of those who will sail for London today
on the Minnehaha are Bishop ana Mrs AlmsOy. u
Honduras Lady Alix Beaucierc MI anu o.
lanes A Barnes DR.. NJ @. Buckner Colonel anf
Mrs George T Dennison. Mr. and MIS- ri. a De"esi
and family Dr. B. K. Emerson. jr. Lieutenant
colonel and Mrs John W. Hannay, Dr. and MrS-
George Hodge Mr. and Mrs. James NJ Ide' Mss
Carrie Ide DIT. and Mrs P c Jameson Mss
Jeaneta Jameson the R9p Manted Sountess
NIutO Viscount Megund, Mrs F. w MAY ana
ahqsafeI Mr. Mrs ana b Newell Mrs Frank Nch9
son. Miss Helen Nicholson MI and MIS- ,1 A y.
VI townsend and family and Dr. and Mrs E 6.
Wood.
Among those who arrived here on the steamer
Germanc from Liverpool yesterday were VT anu
Mrs II " Bayliss Valentine G9 gnet INV s1g +
T + i5Tss MAYOR hutchinson ~ ~ '-'' 49,
Booked TO sail for Gibraltar. Naples AID Genoa
on the steamer Trave to-day are the Very Rev 7.
NJ AbbeIen. Captain and Mrs. George E Att
Charles 5. Fischer. Miss Gillian. the Rev Aan
J. Alexander Hayden Frederick B. Miles. the R1gnt
Rev. c.. z. Macs. Mrs @. T. PECK Mr.. aRd ATT
W i.urstte; Mrs. George u W4tjen, Mr ana Mrs, Mrs
W. w Wa Ios Mss s% Miriam Wrl WSIsGp III
Among those expected here Tomorrow from Rot
terdan on the steamer Statendan are Mr. and Mrs-
A L. BeIknap, Miss F. II Hammond Mrs. " hit
man. Mrs. y VI. Webb and Mrs. c. Sloane.
Booked sail for Hamburg today BY way OF
Plymouth and Cherbours the Graf Nahiersee
are Mr.. and Mrs. l.. g. Miles. Mr.. and Ms Henry
B. Manton. T. A. Maitland. Mr.. and Mrs Arta 1sI
Lee. \; c. Chaplin. Mr.; and Mrs c. \ Hartman me
Rev. Or. and Mrs. +. Slyke, Mr.. ana Mrs.
George Skal and Mrs. Frank Lord.
On the Amsterdam will sail for Bouogne-sur-Ner
and Rotterdam to-day Mr.. and Mrs. Merton n
Bentley. @. E. CoghilI. Captain F. Van Peit VIZ.
and Mrs. c. f. Stetson. Miss Frances r. Thompson'
Or. r c. Vogel. Mr.. and Mrs. Martin White. Mrs
5 G. Williams. Professor II. Parker williamson
Mrs. IoSt and Miss YOst.
There Will sail to-day the steamer LuCania for
Liverpool MIR. and Mrs James L. Barclay, Miss
Adelaide Barclay. the Rev. =. II. Browne George
V. Cartwright g a. Gilbert. Sir James Graham.
MIR. and Mrs. 2. W. Hall. Mr. and Mrs. John hays
Hammond. Mr. and Mrs. Herbert NJ Hyde. Mr.
and Mrs. r. Francis Hyde. Arthur Herbert. secre-
tary of the British Embassy; Mr.. and Mrs WIZ
lam Goadby Loew. e. +. WeanerstrUm, comInis-
sioner from the Worlds Fair ii ST. Louis TO
Sweden. Norway and Denmark; Leopold STERN
Mrs J. Clinch Smith. Mr.. amt Mrs Robert Boyo
Robertson. Mr.. and Mrs. G.. T.. Pierce. samuel L.
Morrison. f. v Loew, jr.. and j. Lamb
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1902-04-12
ED1SBURGH HoSORs AMERICANS.

Edinburgh April n.-At the graduation ceremony
at the university here to-day the honorary uesreo
Of IL ID was conferred William James, OF Har-
- ord Iacob Gould Schurman, president of Corr
nell University.
In bestowing the degrees on the American pro-
fessors the dean of the university referred III me
most cordial terms to Professor Schuridn Iepd
ration as a deep thinker. and spoke OF ms zedl any
genius for organization. by winch scnoC5 5 y.
1biIoSonhv had been built up at Corneu suCA as
Few universities possessed. The dean also sp9As ..
the place among psychologists Won Oy FIo-eSs'S
I.arnA
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1902-04-12
DR. H4CHULLEN TO PREACH.
NEW PASTOR TAKES CHARGE OF THE MADl.
SON AVENUE METHODIST CHURCH.

NEW PASTOR TAKES CHARGE OF THE MADE.
SON AVENUE METHODIST CHURCH.
The Madison Avenue Methodist Church, sometimes
called the richest Methodist Church in the Cnited
States will listen tomorrow afternoon at oc.OeA
TO its new pastor. the Rev DR. Wallace Nac1uHeh
who has just finished four years passionate at tie
Park Avenue Methodist Church in Philadeipnia-
DIR. MacMullen is regarded as one OF tie aeieSt
of the younger ministers in the Methodist deneIl-
nation. He will succeed the Madison Avenue
church the Rev. DR.. LongaCre. who retires from
the ministry after ffty-Onv years OF service d.
MacMullen born in Dublin on August 81. ISe'
and came this country with his parents Wh7-1
he was u child. He for four years assistant
secretary of the Young Mems Christian Assoeia.
ton in Brooklyn, ana was graduated from W
Drew Theological Seminary In 1ssS. His nrst chaIss
was at Trinity Church. Springfield, Mass, Whe,o
he remained five years. From there he went U
Grace Church Philadelphia. staying nve YEAR,,
and from the latter appointment 10 the -
Avenue Church. Samuel w Bovine is pTesiaends U Va
the board of trustees of the Madison AveI-I
Church and of his associates In the p9at u
are Bowles Colgate John S. Mclean and Joseph y
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1902-04-12
UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA ALEHyI DINNER

The annual dinner of the New-fork AsSocli' -,
of the, Alumni of the University of Virginia VIII
take place this evening at the Waldort-As'oiia-
Among the guests Will be prominent rePrsse eto,
tfyes of the alumni of Yale. Harvard FrluSeooooi
and Columbia universities. The speak annouIiU y
will include Adrian H. Joline. William A Tur"s
ton, Professor Woodrow Wilson and Senator " vortr
Clark of Montana. The officers of the New I'm
association w. w. Fuller, president ana -. an
b. Moore vice-president. The banquet Will oe ~.
the OF Thomas Jefferson's birthday, as = ~.
custom Of the alumni of the University o. s"ST'@I
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1902-04-12
1ouN IA FARCE PRESIDENT.

At the annual meeting of the Society OF AmeI-
can Artists held on Thursday evening, the follow"
io o4scers were elected for the year: President,
John La Fargo: vice-president, Kenyon Cox: seere-
tarv Henry Preilwitz; treasurer. SamGeI lShanl,
,na1,ber Of hoard of control III. Bolton Jones. Inc
following new members were elected fenry D.
Fuller Edward Potthast. Emil Garrison, Fred Dana.
Marsh and II NJ. WalcOtt
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1902-04-12

Have any persons in authority in the Police
Department such short memories that they nave
forgotten the Paddock episode on the East Slde'
when faithful and hard working clergymen VINO
protested against the horrible conditions IN
the red light precincts were fnsuited ana
browbeaten by the police? That Paddock cpl
sode had much to do with the downfall OF Dew
ery But certain members Of the force are still
insulting clergymen.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1902-04-12
Uneasy lies the head that bears the golden
badge of a police captain.

There is injunction against widening the
Third-ave. elevated railroad platform at the
northwest side OF the City Hall terminal But
is there anything to prevent the raising or the
existing outer platform to the car level so that
1t can be used by passengers?