davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1902-07-01
NEW-YORK CITY.

Failing ten stories and escaping with slight in
turies was the experience yesterday OF Michael
Manion, laborer employed in the construction
of the new Hanover National Bank Building at
Pine and Nassau SITS. He knocked into a
shaft by elevator.
Captain Nielsen and the crew of the Norwegian
bark Bishop Brun, who were picked up in mid
ocean by the steamer Potsdam and brought TO
this port. were yesterday taken to Ellis Island
Ihey were discharged i'm the custody of the Nor
wegian Consul Arrangements have been made to
take the crew 20 the Norwegian Home in Brook
Iyn' where they will remain until plans can be
made by the consul to send them back to Norway
Arnold. Constable & Co announce that tbair
stores will be closed on July and &
New-York tribune., 1902-07-01
NEW PARTNER IN L4zARD FRERES.
Alphonse Furst has been admitted as a partner IN
the firm of Lazard Freres.
DLNNER On THE NORn 4nrplc.

The second anniversary of the entrance OF the
steamer Nord America into the service OF tho
Italian steamship line La Veloce. was celebrated
on board the ship last night by a dinner The din
given also to draw the attention Of ,ha
Italians in this country to the services of Mr.
Branchi. the Italian Consul General here Inform
nately Mr.. Branch sick and could NOT ba
present The Italian vice-consul Count Tosci repre-
sented him. About fifty persons were present Among
them were Commissioner Williams and Edward
Van Ingen, of the Bureau OF Immigra ton; Senator
\. A. Elsberg, c. V. Fornes. John Farley NJ tba
Dock Department; Henry Feltman and re1resanta
tyes !, OF the, the Itali9n Ia and American press Viii
OF the line. chairman and introducad us
speakers. of whom there were a bakers dozen
The Nord America will sail to-day with every
cabin cabin ocGupled Among the passengers will be
eighty pugTlms TO Rome The Nord America is
one of the fast steamers In the Italian service Sha
was formerly the Stirling Castle OF a British line
running TO India. She held the speed record he
tween England and India '~ 20
New-York tribune., 1902-07-01
BUTLTA CHA PEI FOR HIS WIFE
SALE OF THE HOUSE OF THE LATE
COLONEL GEORGE BLISS RECALLS
AN INCIDENT OF HIS LIFE.

The four story brownstone house, No. Oh West
Thrty-ninth-st., sold yesterday by NJ Conn
& Co., Pocher & Co. and other real estate agents
for the estate of Colonel George Bliss. the Wen
known lawyer and Republican. who died on sep
ember ? 1897 This sale recalls an incident in the
life of interesting man. In the house there Is
a chapel. beautiful TO arouse the admiration
of all who have seen The chapel was built that
person of the household might be able TO near
mass That person was the first wife OF George
Bliss. She Episcopaliar when she was
married to George Bliss. he was a Presbyterian.
Several years after their marriage she became a
Roman Catholic and expressed desire that she
might build a chapel
Colonel Bliss knew that the chapel would make
her life brighter. she was exceedingly devout
woman, and he put extension to the house The
house is a plot 35x9S9 feet, and the extension
forms an L. with this plot, and is partly in the
rear of No. Sc West Thirty-ninth-st. On the third
floor is the chapel. which cost large sum Of
money.
In order to celebrate in the chapel, the
sanction of the Pope was obtained Many clergy
men of high renown officated there, including Car
dinal McCIoskey. Watchmen wondered as they saw
a priest enter the house daily, not many people
knew there a chapel there
About the time the chapel built Colonel Bliss
Unitarian in belief Not long before his
wifes death she persuaded Monsgnor Chapel to
undertake the task of bringing her husband over
wifes religion, and in June, 1854 he was baptized In
heard Wa said a hhd Il is n h ehape ne
the day he became a Catholic until his death
Colonel Bliss one of the most jealous members
of the church.
In 1884 the Italian Government converted all the
real estate Of the Propaganda in Italy into national
bonds, and the American College at Rome was
threatened. Colonel Bliss persuaded President
Arthur to protest against including this institution
IN the execution of the decree The United States
Minister to Italy succeeded in having il exempted
on on the ground that it was used for the benefit of
one year after Colonel Bliss was received as
member Of the Catholic Church the Pope conferred
upon him the title of Commander of the Order OF
81. Gregory the Great.
Several years after the death Of his first wife
Mr; Bliss married again. His second wife, now his
widow, is spending the summer out of town The
house Is boarded up, and the sale of the property
was practically made from the plans OF the building,
as ne purchaser has not yet been inside the house.
st. Coiohel Bliss died on September 2 1897. He and
MS lrSt wife were born in Springfield, Mass. H
was for many years Republican leader in the XIth
Assembly District. He of the original MEM
berS 9i the Union League Club The chapel will
ptobaoy he used for other than religious purposes
New-York tribune., 1902-07-01
UNION PACIFIC MACHINISTS GO OUT
COMPANY HAS ADOPTED PLAN OF PIECE
WORK IN ALL SHOPS

Omaha, Neb, June SO.-The machinists Of the
Union Pacific Railroad, in accordance with their
decision last Saturday. to-day struck in all the
large and many OF the smaller shops of the system
No hgures have been received showing the num-
Der Of men who went each shop but with
few exceptions the walkout seems TO be general
President Burt had little to say but intimated
that he would have statement for the press later
in the day He volunteered the information how
ever, that his company was not antagonizlng the
labor unions, and that the management of the road
had decided on a fixed policy of using the piece
work system in all fits shops. He said the system
had been in about ten days in several of the
shops, and proved satisfactory thus far He ex-
pressed the belief that the would all return
TO work in a short while and that the whole mat
ter would be settled
There viii be about seventeen hundred men af-
fected by the strike. This includes rnoulders and
boiiermakers. who have already struck; those who
were locked out, and those who are expected TO
New-York tribune., 1902-07-01

obey the strike order of machinists' executive
committee. Vice-Presdent wilson OF the Machin-
lists Union. is in the city and Grand President
James OConneH is expected in day or two Chair
men OF the boards OF adjustment OF the dinerent
branches OF the trainmen were in the city to-day,
but declare their presence here has nothing to do
with the strike.
All the men in the North Platte Neb shops with
three exceptions laid down their tools at 10 O'Clock
and walked out There remained only boiler
maker and two machinists who had volunteered to
work, and the shops closed for the day.
dispatch received from Cheyenne states that
a dozen machnists and their helpers, who remained
duty after the closing of the shops at that
place last week, went on strike to-day This makes
nearly seven hundred who strike or are
thrown out of employment by the closing OF the
shops at that point. Reports received at railroad
headquarters state that the machinsts at Grand
Island Neb and Evanston, Wyo., did not strike
Kansas City. Mo. June 3O.-Sxteen union men
and noI.-union at the Union Pacific ma
chine and blacksmith shops at Armstrong, Kan,
struck to-day. Sixteen non-union men and one
union md nineteen apprentices refused TO go
New-York tribune., 1902-07-01
PANIC AS CAR HITS {" AUTO. "
FIVE PERSONS HURT-SIX WOMEN
FAINT.
MAN AND WOMAN, IN EVENING DRESS IN
CAB, HUSTLED AWAY BY POLICE
CRASH HEARD FOR BLOCKS.

A northbound Lexington-ave. and an
electric hanson had a collision at Thirtieth-st.
and Lexington-ave late last evening. A panic
resulted and though five persons were hurt
and six women tainted the police did not send
in an ambulance call nor did they make any
great effort to get the names of those injured.
Their greatest effort seemed to be to get the
occupants of the damaged cab, a in even
ing dress and a fashionably gowned woman,
into another cab.
The cab, In charge of William Wallace of No.
42S West One-hundred-a twenty -fifth-st., was
taking a couple from the Waldorf to the Twon-
ty-third-st ferry for Brooklyn. 1t was going
south in Lexington-ave- In turning into Thir-
tleth-st. Wallace swerved his machine too sud
denly. and IT crashed head on into the car.
There was a crash which could be heard for
blocks. and Wallace was thrown into the street.
The automobile was overturned and its occu-
pants. bruised by the wreckage of the apron
and the front platform of the car.
The man was badly bruised, but managed
with the assistance Of Policeman DOwney, of
the East Twenty -second-st. station to extricate
himself and his companion from the wreckage.
The woman did not appear to be hurt.
Panic reigned in the car. which was an open
one. Several women tainted. and many jumped
off. but fortunately it had come 30 a stop The
motorman was sent sprawling in the street and
was picked up, his face covered with blood from
a scalp wound. The front platform of the car
wrecked.
Four persons were taken into nearby drug
store to be treated for more or less painful in
jures. The police took the names of two in
jured; John O'COnnor, of No. $50 Lexington
ave, whose back was injured, and Joseph Weld
man. of GoIden-st., Jersey City, whose left arm
was dislocated. The police report that none
would go TO hospital.
The man who had been a passenger in the
auto said to a policeman:
For Gods sake get away from here and
hush this thing up"
The obliging policeman got them a cab. The
police say that they did not get their names.
New-York tribune., 1902-07-01
NO STAMPEDE IN PATERSON.
EXPECTED BREAK IN STRIKE DOES NOT
TAKE PLACE-MAYOR THREATENS LIBEL.

TAKE PLACE-MAYOR THREATENS IIREI.
Paterson, June 30 (speciaD.-There was no gen
eraI break In the strike Of dyers' helpers this
morning. but considerable number of men went
into a large number Of the dye houses. 1t was
thought that there would be a stampede but
crowds of strikers gathered around the large dye
houses at Riverside and watched the men who
went In to work The crowd Of strikers watching
at the gates, II IS thought, restrained many from
returning to work. There was no disorder in the
crowds Both the police and the soldiers were in
readiness for trouble The employing dyers thought
to-day that the strike practically over. Some
reported that large numbers had returned work
while others said that Il considerable number of
their old employees had sought work.
William MacQueen. the anarchist. brought
from New-YOrk to-day by Nathaniel Shane, prose-
cutors detective. TO this city and locked up jail
In order to avoid crowds in the the detec-
tive dropped off the train at Clifton. a suburb OF
this city and came into Paterson on a trolley car
Mayor Hinchliffe to-day threatened to bring suits
Tor libel against The Sunday Chronicle and The
Morning Call" two local papers which have been
attacking him for permitting anarchy to flourish
article in which II showed that the Paterson Brew
ing and Mailing Company. of which the Mayor is
Nice-presiden and one OF the active managers. has
chattcl mortgages other enCumbrances he
four places which have been raided by the police
as hotbeds of anarchy The paper declared that
the Mayor Influenced by the profit ne was
mating out Of the beer being sold at these places
that he had failed to close them up as he had the
power 10 DO. not only the cityS chief executive
hut as the holder of Chattel mortgages which had
!2hs heen due The Morning Cali also attacked
thdt ne viii attend these papers as soon as the
trouble with the anarchists is over.
New-York tribune., 1902-07-01
COCKRAN'S EFFORTS FUTILE.
ACTING DISTRICT ATTORNEY SAYS HIS OF
FICE WILL NOT MOVE IN To-
BACCO CHARGES.

Acting District Attorney Rand has addressed
the following letter to w. Bourke Cochran with
reference to former correspondence regarding
an alleged criminal conspiracy on the part of
the directors OF the Consolidated Tobacco Com
PAM:
In reply to your letter Of June Is I beg say
that you appear to mistake Ia some measure the
duty OF the District Attorney. It Is his duty,
except very extraordinary cases to initiate Grim
inal prosecutions. They formally begun by he
complaint of citizens before police magistrates who
determine whether or not the evidence addurrd IS
sufficient 70 justify the holding OF the defendant
to await the action OF the grand jury. The matter
which you referred to me however, appeared to he
Of such importance justify the interest the
District Attorney in seeing that all the evidence
available was properly prepared and presented TO
a magistrate, who has all the requisite power To
compel the production Of documentary and other
evidence before him. Accordingly. l wrote to you
that, upon your indicating what the evidence was
or where II could be secured, the aid OF Assist
ant District Attorney would be placed at your ser
vice.
Since you decline this offer and since you have
failed TO indicate what the evidence is to which you
refer. or where II can be procured, l do not see
at this stage OF the proceedings that the interer-
ence OF the District Attorneys Office can be of any
benefit, public other.
New-York tribune., 1902-07-01
HOME NEWS.
PROMINENT ARRIVALS AT THE HOTELS.

,ALREMARLE-John r. Bland. president United
states Title Guarantee Company. OF Baltimore
Colonel Henry May. Of Washington. FIFTH AVE
N{T1EtT1iieqtenant ~ Colonel Parkinson, of England
'fII'Sf-h -tN-GOvernor Thomas NJ. Waller, OF
Connecticut. GRAND-Colonel II. NJ. Seaman
T. 5 y; Captain f. II. Lawton Colonel c. Y.
starr. I. 5. A; Brigadier General w +. Carlin
Z. 5 a Cretired); HOLLAND-M. Kogoro, Japa-
4tse Minister to the United States. OF Washington
Of Of Nfw-Mexico: \. w. Grain. of Boston; n. Booth
Iarklngton. of indianapolis IMPERIAI-A X
D6b. of Yorkshire England MANHATTAN
Ehhu Root Secretary OF War. of Washington:
g ;. Meilen, president Of the Northern Pacific
HH@,Rw9X' Of St PAU; r. Coykendall Of Rondout
SANOY-The Rev. DR. r u. Rocker of Washing
ton. WALDORF-J. N Beckley. president OF the
Hamilton, Toronto and Buffalo Hallway: Samuel
Bancroft, jr.. OF Wilmington
New-York tribune., 1902-07-01
SHIPPING NEWS.
THE PORT OF NEw-YoRK-MoNDAY. JUNE 80 1902


THE PORT OF NEW YORK-MONDAY. JUNE 80 1902
ARRIVED.
,FS % 10 so5 DS m sssssw and
TO Henderson Bros Arrived at the Bar at so -
with cabin the Atlantic Trans
Steamer iceland Or Ro6erts Antwerp june 81 with
mdse ll2 cabin and $50 steeEase the Inter
Steamer PeTuga GRr, Johnston. MarselIes May 81
and passengers Henderson Bros
FSi% @ta4 eusyo Genoa May
& 20 Arrived at the Rar AT 90 a M 10 F"epS D'0'
smith June 10 Cape
Aquin % Port au Prince ~ Port Maria and Annatto
inasua IS with ndse and cabin passsnser TO the
steamer Frutera Nor; sorensen. Montego Bay June
e. s AIMS Bay p and o Pert 35 MARIA Mar ~ with mase to
steamer Trinidad SBr Fraser Bermuda ., with
rived at the Bar at /: 80 m:
mdse and passengers to z $ Alien June
Steamer coioran RISK w BrGHsMc % * ca June 81 with
steamer Jefferson. Dole. Newport News and Norfolk
United states training ship Prairie Pills
SANDY Hook. J. june 80 s;so n-wind southeast;
Steamer Princess Anne. for Norfolk and Newport News
United states dispatch Dolphin
THE MOVEMENTS OF STEAMERS
FOREIGN PORTS
Lizard. 29-Passed. British Empire t,r
(Cier1 Courtin from NewYork; Kinsman ,TST,
Matthews, Philadelphia for London Nooriam tDutch1
Bonjer New-Nork for Rotterdam.
Plymouth, so a m-Siiled steamer Motke fC;er,
Dempwolf. from Hamburg for New York >
Liverpool June 29-Arriyed. steamers Irada tBr De-
treal; Suth Cymric tBr). Ransom. New-York
Southampton June 3O nl-Saied, Barbarosss
tGerI Mentz, from bremen for New York
London. June 3O-Arrived, steamer Minneapolis Cr,
Hull June 2s-sSiied steamer Martello (Rr, Jenkins,
aS-Sailed. steamers Laurentan ,Fr, Stir
rat New-York Sarmetan tBr). Pitts Montreal. Tri-
tonia tBr). Stt Montreal '
Bremen. 29-Arrived steamer Bremen fCar, n,scb
New-Iork via Southampton. "
Rotterdam June 2s-sailsd steamer Deutschland Ger
Hamburg June 2sArrived steamers Argyll CRrl IIar-
rison. Savannah via Bremen: Mira (T3rI Swartman.
Plymouth and Cherbourg
'or1.tar Juns =" II ul-Arrived steamer Trave Ger.
Frager. New ork for Naples and Genoa land pro
ceededb; passed. steamer LOwther Castle ,Br Wat
son. New-York for singapore. Manila,
Schrotter New-York 800
Palermo. June 26-sailed. PIcqua (3r FiIkns
Ieghorn. June 2T-Arrived Spartan Prince t3r,
Hanks. New York via Naples. etc.
Calcutta June 6-Sliled steamer Madura (Iir) Smith
sinsapore. june soArryed previously Aladdin
(Norl. Schtott. New-York
Zealand (Br). Hart. New-York via ST Vincent. "
Pernambuco June so-Arrved steamer Castlian Prince
qarl: Sheppard New-York for Victoria and Rio Grande
Ia Guayra 2s-Arrved. steamer zuia rerril. New
3O-Arrived previously steamer AIagona Cs
Noodle New-1orS via 81 Michaes and Colombo
st Lucia June 25-s.ii.d stsamsr chaue.r CR Frod.on
0rom Rio JAns!ro). Nsw-york
New-York tribune., 1902-07-01

Liverpool June S0-CIosng Wheat SPot--No i North
ern spring steady quiet July Is Iltsd
Sentenoer Us 2lsd. Corn-Spo- quiet; Ansrean mixed
Lew % ID. American mixed. old ds Hd tulures nrif
July nominal September IS SSd: October as ssh tees
canadian steady. FlOur-St Louis rancy winter
firm 9d. Hops at London (Pacihc CoasO firm. ESQ
tS los Beef quiet: India mess luVs Fork nrf
prime Western 7Ss Hams-ShCrt cut Il to 10
~ strong. BaCon-Cumberland cut 20 TO 50 10 dr
S6s short rib III 10 p n SIS; long clear mindless
light - - NJ strong. SIS 81; long clear ntldles
heavy. NJ strong short clear backs Is % 10
no strong. 16s sd; bellies ~ 10 10 n str9ng SSs
ShOuders-Squa N iS N. strong 4ts- Lart-Prime
Western In eTces strong SIS; American refined In pals
hrm s. Butter nominal Cheese steady; american
finest ,-hIts col,red Tallow-Prlue
steady Pos Ttlruentne-SDirtts quiet. SIs RosinCorn
mon Arm As sd Petroleu-Rsnned steady ID. LnSssd
OIL steady. SSs.
New-York tribune., 1902-07-01
MIDDLE STATES REGATTA PROGRAMME
INTERESTING CONTESTS ARRANGED FOR LABOR
DAY REGATTA AT HARLEM


The Middle States regatta for the Labor Day meet
on the Speedway Course OF the Harlem River was
made up last night. The intermediate singles and
senior four-oared races have been dropped The
Centipede will be rowed if four entries are re-
ceived. The contests arranged will be as fol-
lows: Junior singles. senior singles, association
singles, junior doubles, intermediate doubles senior
four-oared barges, junior four-oared gigs interme-
diate four-oared gigs junior pair cared shells in
termedate eights and senior eights.
e 1t is thought that Titus, of the Union Boat Club
and Scholes. the Canadian oarsman who defeated
Titus on Memorial Day in Harlem, both of whom
are now in England after the Henley Diamond
Sculs. will row. The following officials of the day
We're elected: Referee Park Commissioner John
Eustis; starter James Plkington; clerk of the
course. William Mulcare; timers John II. a Abeel
Captain Theodore Van Raaden C A Dieees
Robert Stoll; judges, Bart Walters James Bond
William Pickney, Captain Albert Keyney. Cornelius
F. Haggerty, r. A. NJ Hobbs Charles NJ Nichoi-
son. Robert Pelten, John Rogers, f. c. Samson J.
Dempsey and Edward Connel
Entries are open until a week before Labor Day.
New-York tribune., 1902-07-01
A POCKET SEA SERPENT.

PROFESSOR BRISTOL SHIPS IT TO THE
AQUARIUM FROM BERMUDA
pocket edition of serpent. caught off the
shore of Bermuda early last month arrived at the
aquarium yesterday. having been sent by Charles
l.. Bristol, professor of biology and head of the
University of New-York expedition which yearly
goes to Bermuda to get strange and specimens
of marine life. The professor has not been able to
classify the fish snake-whichever IL is-and the
Aquarium authorities still! seeking name
for ii.
II is six fet long. and has head like turtle
and fins like fish. long bill for a mouth gives
ii terrifying appearance, which is rendered
horrible by pair of glaring eyes the top OF its
head. Its sinuOus body IS a brownish green color
and running around its middle several bright
yellow stripes
Three negroes caught this embodiment OF de-
lirium tremens fantasy. They thought IL a
devil. and prayed and called for help, having drunk
much rum. according to the custom OF fishermen,
before they realized the hshs market value and
mustered up enough courage to get 1t into their
boat
New-York tribune., 1902-07-01
PRIEST BECOHES A PROTESTANT.
PASTOR OF A ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH
SENDS RESIGNATION TO BISHOP

The Rev. John H. Hennis pastor of the Ro-
man Catholic Church at Navarro, Ohio. has be-
come Protestant through the teaching of the
Rev James A. OConnor. pastor OF Christs Mis-
sion. No 142 West Twenty-frst-st, this city.
At evangelisic meeting IN the chapel of
Christ's Mission on Sunday evening Mr.. Hennis
announced his withdrawal from the Roman
Catholic Church. and delivered an address. in
which he explained his reasons for taking this
step month ago he had some correspondence
with Mr.. O'Connor. and then came 10 this city
for conference with him. Afterward he re-
turned to Ohio bade farewell to his parishiOners
and sent his resignation TO Bishop Horstmann,
of the diocese of Cleveland.
New-York tribune., 1902-07-01
MRS. MURPHY AFRAID OF CAuERA FIENDs.

Charles F. Murphy. Triumvir No /. Tammany
Hail. who married last week and refused as
long as possible let his friends know about IT,
away yesterday with about two thousand
men, women and children of the XVIIIth Assembly
District to Laurelton Grove. on the annual picnic
of the Anawanda Club Mrs. Murphy was TO ac-
company the excursion, but many camera hends
got ready take her picture that she decided she
would stay at home. At the grove athletic games
We're INDUCED in. There were baseball atch, a
fat mems race. a three-legged race, a potato and
sack race and a number OF other games
New-York tribune., 1902-07-01
CONFER WITH MITCHELL

Chicago June 3O-Leaders Of the coal miners Of
Iowa and Illinois met to-day in conference with
President Mitchell of the United Mine WORKERS
The subject under discussion was said to be the
national convention, to be held in Indllnapohs on
the 18th prox., when the question of ordering the
bituminous miners of Illinois. Indiana, Iowa, ONO
and Pennsylvania out in sympat thetic stTvle VIII
be decided. President J. T. Reece, Of low ara
President w. r. Russell and Secretary W. u
Ryan, of Illinois were among those present.
New-York tribune., 1902-07-01
SOUTHERN COTTON MARKETS.
LIVERPOOL COTTON MARKET.

Liverpool June so. p m--Cctton-Spot quiet; prices
32d lower; American mddIng talr Il-S2d; good mid
drng 53-a2d; mddlng 4 81 32d low mitding. 4'sd;
good ordinary, nd. ordnar~ day
5000 bales OF which 1Oa for speculation md
export. and included = Receipts +.Oto
bales including American opened
closed quiet and steady: American middng & c, july.
80 64df 81 64d sellers, July +I64il4 46d
sellers August and September Dad buyers; Septeul
ber and october. 2S6fG4 2 Std sellers; October ana
November Il 6id sellers; November and pecenlnsF
u sellers December January 10 6t+ IL otd
sellers January february. ! -64d sellers.
New-York tribune., 1902-07-01
COPPER DIRECTORS TO BE EXAMINED
H. H ROGERS TO APPEAR VOLUNTARILY BEFORE
COMMISSIONER KLEIN

1t said yesterday that the attorneys in the
suit of f. Rollins Morse against the Montana ore
Purchasing Company nave finally reached an agree
ment under which II. H. Rogers and other directors
of the Amagamated company will. on July H. vol
UNFAIRLY appear before Commissioner Klein. for the
purpose of examination rhe proposed hearing he
fore the Commissioner has been adjourned eight or
ten times during the last three four months
New-York tribune., 1902-07-01
MUST PAY TAx ON YESTERDAYS s4LES

There was some discussion yesterday as to wheth-
er or not stamp taxes must be paid on stocks sold
SeS'eroay out deliverable to-day, the tax ceasing
at midnight of June so. 1t was urged thar the ta
was collected on stocks delivered the first dav the
law went into effect. though they were actually
sold on the day previous Late i'm the afternoon
t'e STOCK exchange Committee Securities issued
Il rum IS that the tax must be paid on contracts
10 be delivered. " IN" were