The National tribune., 1902-12-11

heretofore? In order to sift facts from ru- |
NOR, history from romance, l made inqui-
ries of several settlers near whom l lived
from 1868 to 1869, in the Santa Cruz val
ley, farming myself, who had lived ana
farmed near CaabraZas, "befOre the coun-
try broke up" from 1854 to 1881; also
from the Oldest inhabitants OF the smali
town of Tubac, which was, in 1891,
fIourishing little place on account OF the
silver mines worked west of Tubac on a
large scale by the Cerro Colorado Com
+! !pany.s.Later on became well acquainted
with Col Chas d. Poston, who was super
Intending the work at these mines, ana WHO
told me that, although the Apaehes were
forever at war with the Pimas and Mari |
copa Indians and numerically murdered
and robbed the Mexicans south OF the
boundary line, they respected the lives ana
property of all settlers on the American
side of the boundary line; that he himself
employed as laborers in the mines near Iu-
bac, as herderS of stock and drivers OF ore
wagons, many Apaches, who afterward be-
came veritable fends in murder, rapine and
robbery; that he had known CochIse per-
senally and had several conversations with
him. More than that. we had at Camp
Waller, from 1866 to 1S6s an Indian guide
or scout employed by the Government and
named Marigildo Grijalba, a half h-breed,
who until lately had been, and per-
haps is at this present writing, con-
nected with the Indian reservation at
San Carlos. This man had been cap
tured by one of Cochise's bands When
a boy near small town Il believe
"Ragauche'D of Sonora, about 100 miles
south of the American line, established
later. This man stated to me that when
the United States Dragons occupied Fort
Buchanan Cater named Camp Crittenden),
in 1857, at the foot of the Santa Rita
Peaks, the Apaches, with whom he then
was, were in the habit of making frequent
raids into Mexico for the purpose of steal
ing stock, ETC.; but that they had strict Or
ders from Cochise never to lay hands on
anybody or anything within the boundary
line of the United States; that he, Mari
gildo, witnessed the fact of COchise's stab
bing to the heart with a lance one Of his
best Apache warriors, when the latter
brought to COchise's camp several horses
bearing the U. S. brand, which Cochlse
knew belonged to the Dragons stationed at
Fort Buchanan.
80 THE GADSDEN TREATY.
have also gathered information of like
nature from men who worked in the Now
= ry mines in the Patagonia Mountains in
1S56-1S5S, and having now gwen the
interrupting my narrative for short
space. with what ], together with
my informants, take and know to be
the real and true cause of the Apache out
break, so pregnant with terrible cOnSe-
auences demanding the lives of hundreds
of people and making for a period Of 30
gears constant heavy demands upon the
Treasury.
The Gadsden Treaty, by which the
United States acquired from Mexico by
purchase for the sum of S10,OO0,O00 all
that territory of modern Arizona lying
south of the Gila River not included in the
treaty of 1S4S, was concluded by James
Gadsien, Dec. 30 1853 In June, 1854.
the treaty was ratified and the money
paid. The population of Tucson at that
time was about 760 inhabitants, with very
few exceptions, all Mexican; Tubac had a
population of about $50, also Mexicans
with the exception of few American
mechanics, who worked in the Cerro
Colorado mines. The United States
took military possession of the newly
acquired territory in 1856, sending
thither a detachment consisting of four
companies of Dragons, which force was at
first stationed at Tucson, and later on at
Calabazas. In 1857 permanent station
was selected and Fort Buchanan estab-
hshed on the Sonoita about % miles east
= OF Tubac
IMMIGRANTS FROM THE STATES.
Soon after the ratification of the Gads-
den Treaty there arrived at Tucson, main-
1y from Texas, q number of immigrants in
search of farming and grazing lands The
~. Mexican settlers around Tucson and along
the whole Santa Cruz Valley were not
disturbed by virtue of the treaty, they
retained possession of their farms and irri-
eating bitches, while their herds enjoyed
: free pasture in the uncultivated bottom
lands and upon the hills. A number of the
newly-arrived squatters followed the
Santa Cruz River upward as far as Gala
basas and Huelabe and settled there. while
a party of about IS, including women and
:. children, stayed at place named then, as
ROW, La Canoa," so called because
Mexican settler already there had built
. large canoe, or fiat-bOttomed boat, upon
which he crossed the river whenever the
lower, or western, road leading to Tubac
became flooded by the Summer rains, in
which case the eastern road was chosen, as
1t led over the high ground along the in
Arizona, eser-present foothills. Here they
erected log houses, began to cultivate the
virgin soil, raising cattle at the same time
We have already mentioned Cochise's Or
ders to his men directing them to abstain
from all depredations north of the bOun-
dairy line, which ran from east to west
fully 40 miles south of the Canoa. On the
other hand, all newcomers We're cautioned
aSain and again, never. under any crcum-
stances, to interfere with the Apaches i'm
tlie:= doings across the line These condi-
fons were accepted and observed in the
whole newly-acquired region like an un-
written law
Now, it happened, toward the end of
1857, that a laI.,e band of Apaches be-
longing to Cochise's tribe. made raid
deep into the adjoining Mexican State of
Sonora, and there captured a numerous
herd of horses and cattle. In all such eases
the Apaches stampeded the herd, nearly al
ways successfully driving the stock in the
direction desired. A stampeded herd will
run until the animals drop from utter ex-
haustion: this renders them stiff and sore,
making subsequent travel quite slow for
the next few days. The owners of the
stolen stock, following with their herders
IN the tracks of the stampeded herd, soon
discovered it was headed for the boundary
line. The band of Apaches being quite
numerous, the former dared not to attack
Nthem. but contented themselves with OBJ
sefying from safe distance the direction
in WHICH the animals were being driven
They s01R founIh that the direction taken
would brintnStM stolen herd, after crossing
the line, toward the neghbOrhood of Tu-
bac. About three miles above that town
stood the old ruins of the Tumacacori Mis-
sion: about two miles below canyon.
known as Turkey Canyon, which is about
II miles in length.
AN UNFORTUNATE ALLIANCE.
AS soon as the owners of the herd had
ascertained that their animals were headed
toward the southern entrance of this can
yon they rode TO the settlement at the
Canoa lhaving previously applied for help
bnt unsuccessfully. to the inhabitants of
,l.n.A a.