davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1902-08-13
CORAL REEFS
AND ATOLLS

A specially interesting communication
was made at a meeting of the Royal
Society of Edinburgh recently py Prof.
Alexander Agassiz of America. The pro-
fessOr devoted his attention to the sub
ject of coral reefs, with special refer
ence to the theories of their erection.
He himself has been an indefatigable
explorer of reefs in the Indian, Pacific
and Atlantic areas and the main pur-
port of his address was to convey 10
the society the ideas he had been led
to formulate concerning the manner i'm
which the circular reefs, or "atOils'
come into existence.
Darwin, in lS43 showed that as coral
could only grow al a limited depth we
had to take into account the sinking OF
land as a factor in the production of
barrier reefs and "atolls," As the ORR
ginal land sank the corals being af-
forded fresh foundations, grew upward.
Darwin's views We're disputed by Sir
John Murray of the Challenger aXpedi-
ton and others. They contended that
'atOlls' are built upon foundations of
submarine origin, and that no SUD-
sidence OF land is necessary for their
erection. The circular form of tle
"atoll," which inclOses a lakelike set
area, is attributed to the erosion or
wearing away of the coral substance
by sea and chemical action. To this
view Prof Agassiz subscribes as the
result Of his investigations.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1902-08-13

Here are a few figures which appear
worth considering in connection with
the views of Sir John Murray and of
Prof. Agassiz. Taking $50 feet as the
greatest average depth at which rect
building corals can live, how much ma
terial i'm the shape of marine deposits
CHIEFLY contributed by chalk animal
cules )and what extent of time woulu
be required to bring a foundation up
to within the requisite distance of the
surface to afford a base of operations
for the coral polyps? Sixteen tons of
chalk are contained in a layer of sea
water 500 feet deep and a mile square,
and this material may be utilized by
the chalk animalcules for shell building
puulJsea If this amount of chalH
were precipitated over a square mIe
than OOO1 of an inch thick. The tentn
of an inch would at least be the outside
limit.
How long would such an energy take
to build up a base of coral rock from
the sea depths? Heilprin's calculation
Throws some light on the problem.
Every year the accumulation on the
ocean bed would not exceed $4,000 of
an inch in thickness, giving us one foot
of thickness in about 100000 years.
Then, if we suppose that a foundation
has to be built up from a depth of 900
! feet to the limit of coral life, we would
require seventy-five fathoms of mate
rial at least, and at the rate of accumu-
| lation just given such an erection
would require 100000 years for its
ompletion.-London Chronicle.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1902-08-13

If you want to buy or sell anything,
place a classified ad in the Star. Three
hnes three times for 20 cents.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1902-08-13
EDWARD s. BOYD.
SEALED TENDERS.

Sealed Tenders will be received by
the superintendent of Public Works till
u m. of Monday the Sth, of September
1902, for constructing new road into
Waipio Valley.
Plans and specifications on file in
offices of Superintendent Public Works
Honolulu, Hamakua Road Board, and
e. e. Richards, Agent Public Works,
Hilo.
JAMES II. BOYD,
superintendent of Public Works.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1902-08-13

HOT DAYS and warm nights, with
their perspiration and heated blood.
bring discomfort which quickly gives
way to refreshing GOODNESS after using
Pacheco's Dandruff Killer.
This preparation not only cools but
also cures dandruff, preventing newt
able badness and that annoying irrI-
tation of the scalp.
PACHECO'S DANDRUFF KILLER,
Sold by all Druggists and at the Union
Barber Shop. Telephone Main 232.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1902-08-13
RUSSIA AND TRUSTS
THE RUSSIAN SYSTEM AS AN
ARGUMENT.

A Note Touching Upon Trusts Which
Has Excited Much Comment-Joint
Action of the European Powers.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1902-08-13
DIED.
OLIVIER A.

OLIVER-At Waikiki, Oahu, August
Y, 1902. DR.. Richard Oliver.
Funeral this "wednesday afternoon
at o'clock, from St. Andrews cathe-
dral. Friends and acquaintance res
pectfully invited to attend.
DR.. Oliver was siXty-three years of
age at the time death ensued. Until
recently he was government physician
at the MolOkai settlement He held
that post for twelve years or more.
A widow and one son are left TO
mourn his loss.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1902-08-13
RECALLS FAMOUS CURES.

Small doses Of fine. dry sand are the
latest freak remedy" for dyspepsia.
Somehow this specific recalls the re-
mark of a distinguished American that
six feet of gravel is the only cure for
hay fever.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1902-08-13
A NENERATED HnrsE-

The old house near Newark, n. Y,
where modern spiritualism as a faith
originated "a years ago, is fast falling
to decay. Spiritualists hold the build
ing in generation, and many visit 1t an
nually. on the rough walls Of the cell
lar blood stains are still visible, and
are said to mark the fate Of an old ped
dler, who is stated to have been muir
dered while visiting the house, a few
years after it was built, and his body
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1902-08-13
BYAUTHORITY
PUBLIC LANDS NOTICE.

On Saturday, Sept. 18th, 1902, at II
o'clock noon, at the front entrance OF
the judiciary Building, will be sold at
Public Auction the following remnants
of Government land, situate in the
Town of Lahaina, Island of Maui:
Area. Upset Price
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1902-08-13
is said to have been buried in the cell
TuE PHONOGRAPH.

The captain of a recruiting vessel re-
Gently adopted a novel method OF get
ting natives to enter into contracts
with him on the island of Malayta. He
secured a photograph, and before leav-
ing Queensland had a native already
engaged on plantation talk into it,
telling of the good time he was having.
This was taken to the native village
and turned loose. The natives tlocked
to the recruiting ship.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1902-08-13
CASTLE & COOKE, LIMITED
Commission Merchants.
SUGAR FACTORS
AGENTS FOR

The Eva Plantation Company.
The Waialua Agricultural Co., Ltaa
The Kohala Sugar Company. 7
The Waimea Sugar Mill Company.
The Fulton Iron Works, st. Louis, Me-
The Standard Oil Company.
The George f. Blake Steam Pumps.
Weston's Centrifugals.
The New England Mutual Life InsuFa
ance Company of Boston.
The Aetna Fire Insurance Company %
Hartford, Conn.
The Alliance Assurance Company Oh
London.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1902-02-04
A WARNING.

Electrical Inspector Hasson has
thrown out note of warning with re-
gard to telephones which it would be
well for people to make note Of. He
said in an interview yesterday:
That there are not more serious ac-
cidents is due largely to the fact that
people seldom stand on solid damp
footing when they use the instrument.
For instance in telephoning one usually
stands on a dry floor and if there is
something wrong a slight shock may
be all the result. The same current
might if the one receiving it stood on
damp ground, or was in contact with
any conductor nat passed the current
on, produce fatal results
It is quite common thing for our
residents to speak through the tele-
phone standing on a freshly washed
veranda, or even a rain swept veranda.
This is done at considerable peril.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1902-02-04

The Star in a recent issue quoted Con-
General Seeger with reference to
the Brazilian coffee crop. Seeger was
not then in accord with Crossman and
Brother Of New York. He has since
changed his mind and says that he finds
his informants underestimated the Bra
lillian coffee crop at least twenty per
cent OF course the object of the re-
ports that were sent out by telegraph
and which were also handed to the Con-
sul-General was to give the impression
that there would be a serious shortage,
and the price Of coffee would go up.
Mr.. Seeger now says that there seems
to be little ground to anticipate any ma
terial increase in coffee prices in the
near future" and this is exactly what
Messrs. Crossmans circular showed.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1902-02-04

I.ua.H uf 90 muas. depth off about O."
...I luU width off a. l..f Do cost &c..
".uUu TH. Nur.H Holland canal GONE
Meeting Amsterdam with lH. s.1. was
.uI m 1856. uuf I.uu.u.I u. latter
date. Do has depth OFF 900 feet aud %
width of lal feet 600 tHe surface.
600. canals connecting th. great lakes
u. OBJ. principal ship canals Boo America
Tn.y AFRO the WguuuI canal the Sault
St. Marie or 5000 and the canadian
canal ut ST. MuNs River opened in
1885, The American and Canadian
canals at ST. Mary.s Fails are practical
Iy Identical m location and dimensions,
and are used INTERCHANGEABLE by vessels
engaged i'm commerce as convenience
may dictate The depth of the canals
at the ST. Mary's river is sufficient to
accommodate vessels drawing twenty
feet of water The American canal was
originally constructed by the state Of
Michigan but subsequently taken
charge of by the United states and en-
larged at a cost of $215O,OOO, The cost
of the Welland canal was about 100000
600. largely due to the fact that TWEEN
ty-fve locks are required in surmount-
ing the rise of 327 feet i'm the distance
of twenty-seven miles. The number of
vessels passing through the canals at
St. Narys river has greatly increased
during the past few years, while the
number passing through the Welland
canal has materially decreased' the
number passing through the st. Mary s
canals being i'm 1873, 2511 and, i'm 1901
2OOH. of which 1887 passed through
the United states canal and 4,2O4
through the Canadian. The number of
vessels passing through the Welland
canal decreased from 6,425 in 1873 to p
POP i'm 1899. The marked contrast be
tween the business Of the st. Mary s
Falls and Welland canals is largely due
to the fact that the freights originating
| in the Lake Superior district are chief
" discharged at Lake Erie ports, and
4 those destined for the Lake Superior
region are chiefly produced in the Sec
ton contiguous to Lake Erie, the Lake
Superior freights being chiefly iron
copper and grain, and the Lake Erie
freights for Lake Superior coal anc
manufactures,
The freight tonnage of the American
and Canadian canals at St. Mary's Falls
combined amounted to 24,626,976 regis
tered tons in 1901, while the net ton
mage Of the Suez canal in 1900 was g.
87S, 1852 tons and that of the Kaiser VIII
helm canal 4,2S2O94 tons. This indi
Gates that the business of the ST. Mary
Falls canals far surpasses that Of an!
other Of the great canals of the world.
with all this practical success il
canal construction and operation Their
should not be so much difficulty in com
pleting the Panama ditch.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1902-02-04
WORLDS SHIP CANALS.

Ship canals are not so rare as a large
number Of people think. The United
States may claim TO be the pioneer in
the construction of these canals for the
Weuand canal connecting Lake Erie
with Lake Ontario was originally con-
structed in 1893 though enlarged in 1871
and 1900. $500" canal connecting Lake
Superior with Lake Huron was opened
in 1855, but enlarged in 1897. European
ship canals are of later origin, though
the great North Holland canal, which
connects Amsterdam with the sea, was
cut in 1915, but deepened later.
According to a recent publication of
the Bureau of Statistics those which
may properly be termed ship canals
comprise the Suez canal, which was
begun in 1859 and completed in 1863; the
Cronstadt and st. Petersburg canal, be-
gun in 1877 and completed in 1890; the
COrinth canal, begun in 1884 and COM
pleted in 1898; the Manchester ship canal
completed in 1894; the Kaiser Wilhelm
canal, connecting the Baltic and North
seas, completed in 1895; the Elbe and
Trave canal connecting the North sea
and Baltic, opened in 1900; the Weland
canal, connecting Lake Erie with Lake
Ontario and the two canals, United
States and Canadian respectively, con-
Meeting Lake Superior to Lake Huron
OF these great canals the first mem
toned, the Suez canal, has a length Of
about 80 miles, with a depth of 81 feet,
a width at bottom of los feet and of
APO feet at the surface. 1t cost 500, 900, 20
O0O The number of vessels passing
through it increased from 4S6 in 1870 to
1,494 in 1875, 2,O26 in 1880 1889 in 1890 and
3,441 in 1900. The Cronstadt and ST..
Petersburg canal which gives a pas
sageway for great vessels to the Rus
sian capital, is is miles long including
the deepening of the bay channel, 2O15
feet in depth, and it's estimated cost,
all told SlO,OOO,OOO. The Corinth canal,
connecting the gulf of Corinth with the
gulf Of HGgina, is miles in length 26A
feet in depth and Y feet width at the
bottom. Costing about So, 600 900, it re-
duces the sailing distance about 175
miles. The average tolls charged are is
cents per ton and 20 cents per passen-
ger The Manchester ship canal con-
Meeting the city Of Manchester with the
Mersey river and Liverpool, has a
length Of 35R miles "a depth of 2G feet a
width at bottom of 100 feet and at
the surface of 175 feet 1t cost about
$75,000.OOO. The commerce passing
through grew from 879,2O4 tons in 1896
to ,492 800 tons in 1900. The Kaiser VIII
helm canal connecting the Baltic and
North seas through Germany is 81 miles
long, has a depth of 29la feet is Y feet
wide at the bottom and 1870 feet wide al
the surface. It cost about $40 900. 900. The
number of vessels passing through it in
creased from 1860 in 1897 to 20, O95 in 1900
of which 1916 We're sailing vessels. The
tonnage increased from ,S48, 458 tons
in 1897 to 4,2S2O94 tons in 1900 An
additional canal connecting the same
bodies Of water by way Of the Elbe and
Trave rivers was opened in.19OO. with a
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1902-02-04

The court and the Attorney General
had quite a lively time yesterday. The
Attorney General announced that he
had two strings to his bow, and the
court considered that he only ought to
shoot with one. The whole of these
transition" cases are really political
in their nature. and as far removed
from abstract justice as black is from
white.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1902-02-04

BOER WOMEN GUARD THE HERDS
The latest capture by the Kimberley
column is a BOer lager near Mokwani,
with great numbers Of cattle, guarded
wholly by women under the leadership
of the wife Of Commandant de Beers
One hundred and fifty of the women
were acting as cowboys and only six
men were connected with the camp, p
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1902-02-04

The announcement that France and
Great Britain has declared against the
bounty system will have a tremendous
effect upon the sugar market a few
months hence, and will be felt to some
extent even shortly. 1t will in all
probability stop the flood of cheap SUI
gar which has so steadily been pour
ing out from Europe.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1902-02-04

D Jewel Stoves are made from
the higher grades of IRON select
od and chemically tested before
melted.
Test bars of each days melt
D are made to- insure uniform
strength of casting, and a most
/, rigid Inspection of work insures
perfectly smooth and properly
4 made castings.
No stoves are sent out from
the factory until they are thor
I Oughly fire tested
We are not i'm business for a
D day. but to build up what Will
be "a continuous business for
ares to come, therefore we can
4 not afford to sell any stoves,
bearing our name, which Will
not last for great many years,
and work as stoves should.
In our house furnishing goods
Geuartmeut. YOU viii see sam
pies of thirty-five different Jewel
stoves and ranges, from the
little four hole wood cook stove,
up to the large hotel range.
They are all made from the
same material, and are con-
] StruCleu unuel lllt N'lF le g..N
principles Of economy, durable
4 ity and beauty.
We can show you hundreds
D of testimonials from customers.
D If you require a range or
stove, with hot water coil to
be connected to your boiler we
have competent help, and can DO
, satisfactory work, under a very
nominal charge
4 DO not wait until your Ola
4 stove is completely worn out and
worthless.
D We may be able to save you
\ few dollars by taking it off your
hands now and supplying you
4 i'm place with one of our cele-
a brated Jewel stoves.
D If you feel that you cannot
Y afford to pay cash, we will make
\ the terms very easy for you.
Y We deliver our goods to all
D rarts of the city and suburbs.
O Deliveries to ManOa Valley,
x Moanalua, and Diamond Head
Z are made every other day
Y Call on us and be convinced.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1902-02-04
Books Audited
Agents Wanted
Wanted

Business Partner" I have a client
who would be prepared to put in a
few thousand dollars into legitimate
business provided money could be
made, references given and required. L.
G. Ables.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1902-02-04
Furnished House Wanted

II you have a nicely furnished house
to let for three months, I have a de-
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1902-02-04
For Rent

A modern dwelling house Of Rooms
with Bath, Kitchen and nice yard, CEN
trally located.
Particulars of Jas. Steiner, 116 Hotel
street.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1902-02-04
Auction Sale of Delinquent
Sugar StOCA,

On SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 8, 1902
at 70 o'clock noon, at my salesroom, IS
Queen street, Honolulu, I will sell at
Public Auction by order Of the Treas
urer, Mr.. Elmer 70. Paxton, the follow
ing certificates Of stock in the Olaa
Sugar Co., Ltd, unless the 18th assess
ment delinquent January 20, with
interest and advertising expenses is
paid on or before the day and hour Of
sale at the offices of The B. r. Diling-
ham Co., Ltd, Stangenwald Building,
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1902-02-04

This lamp is sold on trial subject to
perfect satisfaction is fully guaran-
teed for one year; over 10000 in actual
commercial use in the u. S. today
If you want MORE LIGHT, do a
little figuring. Note how many hours
your burn your Gas, or Electric Lights,
then figure cost of our Gasoline Arc
Lamps, which are ABSOLUTELY
nOn-explosive. They meet in every
way the requirements of the National
Board of Fire Underwriters. You will
be astonished at the CUT IN YOUR
LIGHT BILLS, and you will be MORE
.astonished at the INCREASE of your
light.
Don't turn us down because you have
had some other lamp that did not work
satisfactorily, but GIVE US A TRIAL;
liz not perfectly satisfactory it COSTS
YOU NOTHING TO FIND 1T OUT.
Write for particulars. Agents wanted
fOrsall unoccupied territory.
Acorn Bra So w Or1k@s
CHICAGO, ILL.
Dept. 8.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1902-02-04
Furnished Rooms To Let

Furnished rooms in the central part
of the city. Arlington" Hotel street.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1902-02-04

sirable tenant-L. c. Ables, Real Es-
tate Agent,
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1902-02-04

A nicely furnished room. Apply at
34S Beretania street.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1902-02-04
Classified Ads in Star.

One Insertion, per line Is cents.
Two Insertions, per line rs cents.
One week, per line 80 cents.
Two weeks, per line 40 cents.
One Month, per line 60 cents.
Ads under " Situations Wanted" inserte
free until further notice.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1902-02-04
MORE LIGHT,
LESS EXPENSE,
FORT, MERCHANT AND
BETHEL STREETS.

Can be obtained
by using our old
reliable M. & M.
Arc Portable
Lamps for Stores,
Street Lighting,
Churches, Halls,
and in fact, any
place where you
want light of 500
Candle-power.
One NJ. & NJ.
Arc Lamp gives
more light than
one electric Arc
Light at cost of
only one-half cent
per hour.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1902-02-04
To Lease

Store on Fort Street also warehouse
on Queen street,. c. Ables, Real Es-
tate Agent.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1902-02-04
Lost

A small bay mare, branded with a
figure z on one Of the hind legs, will
finder please notify this office.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1902-02-04
Found
Situations Wanted

Young man, capable Of performing
clerical work, wants employment. Ad-
dress Clerk, Box 1866, Star office.
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1902-12-10
Chances In State Pension Law.

In view of some changes in the State
pension laws the Comptroller General
has issued a circular defining what the
changes are. The pension boards elect a
commissioner, whose duties begin the
first of January. He Is to have charge
of all applications and they must be
made to him. AS it takes time to do
this the time of the meetings of the
Board has been changed from tho first
Monday in January to the first Monday
in February, and at that time they will
pass upon all applications submitted to
them by the pension commissioner, ap-
proving or disappearing the applications.
Another meeting will bo held month
later to verify the lists submitted to
them by the commissioner and they will
then bo forwarded to the Comptroller
General. No application will be con-
sidered except they come before the
pension commissioners, The commits
sioner is required to be In his office every
Saturday during January. Pensioners,
as a rule, have not taken cognisance of
these changes In the laws, and as it ia
the intention OF the State Board that
every feature of the law shall be striotly
enforced, it is important to those directly
Interested to note the changes.
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1902-12-10
a Card from Mr.. Rhett Doyle.

To My Friends: 1t is with much re-
greet that / announce the suspension
of the publication of The Carolina
Home. The people have failed TO
give the paper sufficient support. It
is impossible for paper TO be success
ful without some encouragement, at
least, on the part of local merchants.
To all those who subscribed for the
paper extend my sincere thanks, and
wish to assure them of my appreciation
of their help. shall at all times strive
to repay them for their kind encourage
ment.
OF course, the paper has no finances
left, but is in debt. 1 will refund the
money paid on subscription as am able.
There are bills which must be paid, and
as soon as this Is done / will begin pay
ing back the money advanced on sub
scription.
wish to state here that my relations
with the publishers of The Courier have
been entirely satisfactory and pleasant,
and it is proper for me to say that the
mechanical work has been faithfully exc
outed.
Thanking these gentlemen and all
others who have aided the enterprise, ]
am very respectfully Rhett Doyle.