The Hawaiian gazette., 1902-01-31

s-s-s-s-s-s-s.
labor of the common people. They are
found principally in the bays indenting
the shores of the islands, the common
method of construction being to build a
wall of lava rock across the narrowest
part of the entrance to a small bay or
plight OF land and use the inclosed space
for the pond. They were also built on
the seashore itself, the wall in that case
being run out from two points on the
shore some distance apart In the shape
of q half circle. A few were built some
what interior, and these are filled by the
fresh-wa streams from the mountains
or by tidal water from the sea carried to
them by means of bitches. In the sea
ponds the walls are built somewhat
loosely, which permits the water to per-
colate freely. The ponds are arranged
with narrow entrances, protected by
sluice gates, which can be opened or
closed at will. These are frequently leit
open when the tide is running in, which
allows the amaama or mullet, ana the
ava to enter freely. When the tide turns
the gates are closed, making prisoners
those which have entered. The salt-wa-
ter nonds usually contain only the ANA
ANA and ava.
7, the fresh and brackish water ponds
goldfish china fish, oopu, opoe, carp
abolehole and okuhekuhe are Kept NJ
.ttempt at fish culture Is MADE WIN
these ponds, the young fish being cap
tured in the open In the case oi mus ~
,be snecies enumerated and placed In the
nonds until they attain marhe'a''.
size. Large quantities OF amaama anu
ava are handled in these ponds annuali!'
especially on the island of Oahu. DIP
nets seines. gill nets, and scoop nets are
used In taking the fish from the ponds;
and as they are quite shallow, this IS
! done very easily. The ponds are operat-
ed almost exclusively by Chinese.
A number of the ponds have been al
lowed to fall into decay, particularly on
Molokai and Hawaii, while on Oahu oth-
ers have been filed up to meet the grow
ing demand for rice land and for other
purposes The maintenance of these
ponds should be encouraged as mucn as
possible, as they are of great assistance
in maintaining a regular supply of fish
at all seasons Of the year.
The irrigation bitches used In water
ing the numerous rice fields are also en-
ployed incidentally in raising a few of
the species enumerated above.
FISH MARKET AND METHODS.
There are seven fish market houses,
one each at Honolulu, Hilo and Wailuku,
and four at Lahaina. In addition ped
dlers with small carts retail fish through
out the sections of inhabited country
which are not convenient to the mar
kets or to the fisheries. There is great
room for development in this part of the
business, however, as the inhabitants OF
some of the more inaccessible villages
rarely ever have an opportunity from one
years end to another to purchase fish.
At Honolulu the market house, with
land, is valued at s155,OOO 1t is owned
by the Territorial government, and is
one of the best appointed fish markets In
the United States. A fish inspector, with
one assistant, Is in charge of the mar
ket, and all fish must be inspected by
him before they go upon the stalls. Ir
this manner complete control over the
fish sold in the city is obtained, as nc
peddling through the streets is permit
ted.
There are 20 stalls for the sale of fresl
fishery products, the rents of which vary
from SIS to $50 per month, according tc
location. Only 10 of these We're occupied
In 1900 OF these, II were run by Chinese
= three by Japanese, and one by natives
the total number of persons employed
being Chinese 40. Japanese six, and ma
tives two. In addition to these, six tables
We're occupied by six native women OF
Saturday for the sale of limu (algae)
while three tables We're devoted to th
sale of dried fish during most of tn
, week, and were run by three native won
en-. On n few days in the week, whel
, fresh fish are scarce, certain of the deal
ers also sell picked California salmon
, The fishermen bring their catch to tn
market at whatever hour is convenien
; to them, and the dealers sell for then
on a basis of 10 per cent commission
Fish brought in previous to noon mus
be sold before the market closes tn
same day, but If brought in after moo
1t can, If not sold before night be kep
in a cold-storage house close by, an
placed on the stalls again the next morn
ing, but in that event It must be desie
mated by small placard bearing tn
: words, "Iced fish" The inspector Is en-
: powered by law to pass upon all fish be
fore being placed upon the stalls, an
\ can condemn any tainted fish either the
!, or afterwards. 1t is the usual custoI
to make frequent inspections of the fis
n after they go upon the stalls. as the
: soon become tainted in that climate. n
5 ice Is used around the market hous
q The larger fish are dressed, while tn
5 smaller ones are sold round. There Is n
n loss in dressing, however. as the hea'
Q entrails. etc, are sold. All except golt
$ fish are sold dead. This market is es
S ceedingly well managed. and there al
n pears but little, II any, chance for in
d provement
The market house at Hilo. which
d expense of $1,000 including the value
the land, and was opened for business c
= April l, 1889. During 1900 the number
d stalls occupied was 27. the rents of whic
varied from s. to SIS per month. The
e were not occupied continuously. as fr
IT quently dealer would give up the bus
e ness after week or n months trial al
70 someone else would start II up. The
% are 80 stalls in all. The number OF pc
" sons employed around the market we
a % Chinese, IS japanese. and IA native
It During the summer of 1901 n syndicate
Chinese and Japanese bought up Z
D stalls and began to take advantage
Is their position by shutting out the 9th
,e dealers and compelling the fishermen
Is sell to them at a low price, while the
ic was no limit to what they could char
Is the townspeople. as fish could not be so
on the streets. AS a result a number
the fishermen carried their catch
carts to Olaa, about II miles away, Al
49, vi al