davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Savannah morning news., 1902-11-28

island and empire for both societies.
and neither need be jealous or afraid
of the other.
1t is popularly supposed that
smoky skies are chiefly due to those
huge manufa cturing chmneys which
from a distance give London the APP
pearance of some monstrous dock filled
with Titanic steamers, says the Lon
don Globe. But it has been shown
that the ordinary domiciles of London
get rid of something like three hun
dred tons of solid refuse every day by
throwing it up the chimney" The first
consequence of this, it has been point
ed out, is the loss of sunshine; and
even in summer London loses one-sixth
of its proper amount of sunshine, while
in winter it's natural supply is reduced
by one-half. The amount of somke- la
den air in London is set down by the
clerk of the weather at 10000 900 tons
day. At Kew Sir Thiselton DYER
has found that after a fog a deposit
is left behind equal to six tons of tar
ry matter over square mile. These
figures may bring home to some peo-
pies minds the result of our present
system OF combustion. but as the writ
er in the Morning Post points out, IL
will need a return to the dreadful win
ters OF the SOS to make the mass of
the public realize the full Importance
OF this subject. In the meantime we
trust that the authorities are inquiring
into the process adopted by an elec-
tric lighting company in the Lake dis
trict, 10 which we referred a few weeks
ago, By which, IL is claimed, the smoke
nuisance Is completely got rid Of. Moth
ing should be left undone by those In
authority 20 remedy the present COM
ditiong.
The Savannah morning news., 1902-11-28

Ochiltree had close friend in a
small Texas village who was addicted
to strong drink, He would reel about
the streets and sometimes roll into the
gutter. This performance Ochiltree had
witnessed upon several occasions. He
determined that his friend should be
cured of the habit. The next time the
man fell into the gutter Ochiltree went
to feed store and purchased several
ears of corn. These he placed about
and upon the PROSTATE form of his
friend. Within a few moments sew
eral hogs were grunting about the spot
and roofing the drunken man in order
20 set TIE corn. In the midst of this
performance the inebriate awoke. He
realized the degra dation into which he
had fallen it is said, and quit whisky
for life.
The Savannah morning news., 1902-11-28
ISLE OF HOPE LINE,
MONTGOMERY LINE.

Goes to Montgomery on return t
from Isle of Hope.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1902-12-17

G. II. G. Denton. the jeweler, is
wearing a badly scratched fece
this scek. He started to come
down IN a hurry one night recently,
and 10 the darkness got mixed up
with some young locusts in his
yard. The results were two beau
tiful scratches under the left eye,
which we're very painful while they
lasted.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1902-12-17

The public school children are
enjoying the pleasure Of midwlnter
examination this week. The ex-
aminations are being conducted by
the various teachers at the different
buildings. Prof. Cook overseeing
and directingth work. They will
be finished by Saturday.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1902-12-17

Contractors A. j.. denton ana
and G.. A. Smith have returned
from AddiDgton where they have
Just completed the erection of the
new school building which they
turned over TO the school board
and was received by them.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1902-12-17

William L. Dobbs and Miss
Edith Pierce, Of Tutlle, were mar
ried at noon yesterday at the Meth
odistcburch by Rev. G. W. Ray !
The ceremony was Witnessed by
small party Of friends who
came and returned With the
bridal couple. Mr.. and
Mrs. Dobbs viii make their
home in Tuttle.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1902-12-17

H. r. Hudson has returned from
Cement, where he has been employ
ed in the erection OF fine honse
for Henry Fry. Mr.. Hudson will
leave the last Of the week for Com
manebe and other points 10 Texas
and will be e.gone about month.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1902-12-17

#. NJ. Denton, the music Estore
man made the Express present Of
very handsome calendar this
morning which was duly apprecia-
ted and placed upon the wall to
good advantage.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1902-12-17

last season for Christmas we
bought a fine line OF drop stitch
hose They we're all right but the
trouble was we did not buy
enough This year we bought
about four timee as many and we
expect TO please everybody. The
Famous, Jackman & Lemon
3O7 If
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1902-12-17

The stomach is our best friend
aud the next best is the Perfect"
Baking Powder 1t is chemically
pure and assists indigestion. Mas
cot Grocery.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1902-12-17

s. w. Wser, of CordeiI, was at
tending to some business matters
10 this city Yesterday.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1902-12-17

Cut glass that will gladden. the
heart Of every woman for a Christ
mas GIFT, IN richest OF patterns al
Haltom 81 Owsley's. 312 2t
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1902-12-17

Order your Christmas and New
Years cake Of Ray Bros, 322
Chickasha avenue. Phone 2lS.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1902-12-17

Jute Askew, a prominent young
Chickasha business man, goes 10
Atoka today to spend a few days
with friends.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1902-12-17

Step into s. p. Cooks Terri.
torial drinking parlor al the .66,"
217 Chickasha avenue. Phone go.
303 NJ
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1902-12-17

Anna NJ. Richards, Of Anadarkc
was a guest at the Early hotel be-
tween trims yesterday.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1902-12-17

Gold and silver mounted para
soils and umbrellas for holiday
gift at HaIlom & OwsIey's.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1902-12-17

e. o. Redmon, OF Oklahoma
City. was in the city yesterday on
business.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1902-12-17

Lenox soap pleases everybody.
1t is full weight and has no edges
to waste. Try IL. GIL 81
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1902-12-17

Did you know that Hovey was
serving oyslersl II.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1902-12-17

Gold and silver thlmbles at Hal
tom q OwsIey s,
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1902-12-17
OysIers reeeIved daIIy a. Hoveys

W otcAo AcIctf - 'n-tJ - - -
Lenox soap washes freely IN hard
water. 5ll-9t
Buy your Christmas turkey Of
the city fish market. 2ll9t
Roach Bros, painters and paper
hangers. l21 South Second ST.
Test the excellence Of Lenox
soap. It's the best made for laun-
dry. y
s. P. Cooks nice, soft drinks Sc
2l7 Chickasha avenue. Phone so.
3O8 II
). p. Briles, OF Hobart, was the
guest of friends in this city yes
terday.
T.. +. Adee, OF HI Reno, was
shaking hands with friends here
yesterday.
J.E. Boots, an insurance agent
Of Oklahoma City, was here on
business yesterday.
5. H. Christie, Of III Reno, was
attending to some business matters
ia this city yesterday.
j. b. Morrison, business man
of Harrison, o. T., was in the city
on business yesterday.
j. B. Harrell, prosperous
Oklahama City business man, is
transacting business here today.
Mrs f. t. Haltom, Of Lawton,
visited with friends here yesterday
while passing through the city.
NJ C..~f-o-- = tai -.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1902-12-17

Fins sterling silver mounted
scissors at HaItom & OwsIey's.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1902-12-17

Fine whiskey for sale for medi-
cinal purposes at the Line Saloon.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1902-12-17

Roach Bros painters and paper
hangers 12I. South Second street
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1902-12-17

Fire, Fire. Fireworks, At the city
fish market. Oh ~
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1902-12-17
THE DAILY MARKET REPORT

Furnished Daily by Gnillot
Bros. Commission Co., Chickasha,
/. Z.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1902-12-17

Lenox soap washes freely in hard
water. 5ll-9t
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1902-12-17

We have purchased the genuine
Baking Powder, Perfect. VIII
guarantee any iiour 10 make good
bread II you use il. Mascot
Grocery.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1902-12-17
Santa Claus

after looking over ChickaSha. of
course decided to make our store
his headquarters. He instructed.
US to say to the children that he
that he has put his letter box in
can be mailed.
The NICKEL STORE
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1902-12-17

NJ. L. Courtney, a leading busi-
ness man of Cement, spent a few
hours 10 Chickasha on business
Yesterday.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1902-12-17

Buy your Christmas turkey Of
the city fish market. 2llst
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1902-12-17
LOCAL NEWS.
BATHE Ar THE PALMET.

Pabst Beer BY the case at Line
Saloon.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1902-12-17

Roach Bros, painters and papel
hangers. 121 South Second ST.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1902-12-17

LtvKRPooL cLosE.


LIVE STOCK RECEIPTs.
Chicago: Hogs, $1,000, SC higher
cattle 10000, strong.
Kansas City; Hogs, 10000,
slow: cattle 5000, steady.
Omaha: Hogs, 5000, slow;
cattle b00O, steady.
KANSAS CITY CATTLE MARKET.
Texas Steers ...... 2S0@ $50
Texas Cows ......... 2l59260
Native Steers ... ....S65 a 625
Native Cows and Heifers. l759ts5
Stockers and Feeders 275(d435
Mr.. Fackler, the Ionsorial ar
tist Of Hobart, was greeting old
friends and attending to some bust
ness matters here today.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1902-12-17

FoR RENr.
MISCELLANEOUS.

Old papers for sale at this Of
iice.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1902-12-17

OUR LINE OF
NJ Dainty x-mas
Presents is COM
plete:
Fancy R ockers,
Swell Bullets,
Iron Beds,
Brass Beds,
Swell Sideboards,
Ladies s. De 5 ks /,
China Closets,
Extension Tables,
Indian Stools,
Parlor f urniture,
Reception Chairs,
Art Square $,
Go-Carts, and
Toilet Sets,
all in Endless Pro-
fusion.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1902-12-17

Try our popular
"Easy p a y m e n t
Plan Pay as you
can.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1902-12-17

Mrs +. 7. Haltom, Of Lawton,
visited with friends here yesterday
while passing through the city.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1902-12-17

Test the excellence Of Lenox
soap. It's the best made for lsun-
dry. u
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1902-12-17

j. b. Harrell, prosperous
Oklahama City business man, is
transacting business here today.
The Paducah sun., 1902-12-04
Had Pleasant Trip to Lexington
This Week.
Learned Much of the Operation of
Second Glass Cities But will Not
Divulge Until Saturday.
IS PREPARING AN OPINION

Hon. ID. L. Sanders, judge Of the
police court, returned yesterday after
noon at O'Clock from Lexington,
where he had gone to look into the
methods employed in the operation of
the cities of the second class judiciary
department
There had been much contention on
the part of local officials as to what
the fines in police court should be un-
der the second class charter and to see
just how the judicial department of
second class cities was run, was the
sole object and only, of Judge Sanders
investigation. The day he arrived in
Lexington the rain was pouring down
in torrents. The Funerals of Alexan-
der, the noted hors e breeder and stock
raiser and also of the deputy city jail
er were held upon the arrival and he
did not get TO look into the the matter
that day. He has made many notes
and will prepare the same into a
written form and will Saturday, morn.
ing read it from his Denoh.
~ have nothing to say at pres
ent," he said, but will have my
say Saturday morning have been
gone since Sunday morning and was
well treated had an excellent time
with the exception Of rain interfering
with my work the first day, and wss
not bothered once by news reporter
l will give no informtion out what
ever until Saturday morning when 1
Will have prepared my notes into reg
ulsr form. l did not investigate the
operation of second class cities for any
purpose other than for the benefit of
my own department, and although 1
have notes bearing on the other de d.
partments. will say nothing whstev-
er about it as this was not the pur.
pose Of my visit"
Saturday there will doubtless be q
large crowd to hear the opinion.
The Paducah sun., 1902-12-04
STEAMSHIP AND RAIL
Several Persons Killed and Injured
Yesterday.
Oil EIplodes On steamship-Trains
Wrecked Near Chstta-
noogs.
GRREAT DAMAGE FINANCIALLY
STEAMSHIP WRECKED.

San Francisco, CAL, Dec. 4-while
the steamer ,Progresso was lying at
the wharf of the Fulton Iron works at
Hsrbor View this morning, an explo-
sion occurred and as result twelve
men are missing, score more injured
and property to the value of 5000, 900
was destroye
The missing; Assistant Engineer
Sparks, Joseph Rex, Charles Glenn,
Howard Dove, James Cavall, Dan
Gallagher, Joseph Mcguire, F. NelGon,
@. O. MoGregor, Jack Strand, Harry
Small, Jack Ashton.
The ship was built of steel. The fire
was nearly all below deck. There
were II oil tanks containing about 400
barrels of oil, in all, and despite the
efforts of the fire department, this con-
tinued to burn fiercely for hours after
the explosion. Numerous minor ex-
plosions occurred at short invervsls,
but the injuy and loss of life was due
to the first one.
The loss to the Fulton company by
the wrecking of the building and the
burning of the wharf will exceed s20,-
900. 1t is estimated that the Progress
so was worth about $4,000. The
explosion shook all the buildings at
Hafbor View, and the shock was felt q
mile away. Windows were broke sew
eral blocks from the scene.
James W. Spiers, Jr. general manager
OF the Fulton Iron Works, is positive
that the explosion was due to the oil,
and not to the bursting of the boiler.
The theory is that gas generated in one
of the oil tanks.
The Paducah sun., 1902-12-04
ON THE RAILROAD.

Chattanooga, Tenn, Dec. 4-In q
collision on the Cincinnati Southern
railroad at Sunbright, Tenn, this
morning about 8 O'Clock the fast pas
senger train from Cincinnati to Chat
tnnooga was derailed and five coaches
burned. Two men were killed,a negro
tramp fatally injured and eight men
seriously injured.
The dead: Frank Elliott, fireman,
of Chattanooga; Richard Helm, ex-
press messenger, Covington, KY.
Fatally injured: Fred Mathis, col
ored Madison, Ga.
Seriously injured: John 7. Easson
chief mail clerk, Danville, KY, COM
pound fracture of leg and large cash
in head.
M. o. Csddell, mail clerk. Somerset,
KY. leg and arm broken and face bad
ly cut.
WV. Smith, mail clerk, Hartman,
Tenn, back dislocated snd head and
shoulders cut and bruised.
J.w. Fowler, engineer, Chattanooga,
internally injured in abdomen and
bruised.
Frank Connors, engineer, Somerset
KY, left side and leg badly scaided
and cut on head.
Owen Ourd, fireman, Somerset, KY,
left arm dislocated and head cut and
bruised.
]. V. Taylor, bsggagemsster, Chat
tanooga, right shoulder dislocated.
No passengers were injured.
A string of cars knocked out on the
main line caused the accident.
The Paducah sun., 1902-12-04
FOREMAN LANE QUITS.
HE RESIGNS AFTER MANY
YEARS WITH THE ILL
NOIS CENTRAL.

Mr.. John Lane, the well known rail
road man, has resigned his position
with the Illinois Central, effective to-
day.
Mr.. Lane was general foreman of
the Cairo division of the Illinois Cen
trail and is succeeded in that position
by Mr.. James Deering, a section fore
man at Claxton, Ky. Deering arrived
in the city last night and went to
work in his new position this morn
ing. Mr.. Lane has been with the road
for many years and is known as a
thorough railroad man, and his resigna-
tion will come as loss to the comps-
ny. He has not yet given out what
he will do but it is said that he has
another position under consideration
with road running into st. Louis.
The Paducah sun., 1902-12-04
IN A BAD FIX.
MAJOR ELLITHoRPE HAS A
CASE OF DELIRIUM
TREMENS.

The city officials are at loss to know
what to do with Major Ellithorpe,
who is suffering from one of the worst
cases of "jimmies that has ever come
under tine observation of the police.
Ellithorpe was arrested Thursday
while in this condition and although
he has been given hypodermic after
hypodermic he cannot be relieved.
He imsgipes everything is after him
dogs, shsrpshooters and everything
imaginable. He also thinks he sees
friends who are dead, and has torn up
three cells in his endeavors to free
himself from the sight. He will not
turn on the electric light in the cell
because he thinks that it will attract
the attention Of the sharpshooters.
Judge Sauders does not know what to
do with him and the suggestion to
move him to the city hospital,
where he can be placed in a straight
jacket, will probably be acted on If
he does not get better today.
The Paducah sun., 1902-12-04
FINE IMPRESSION
REV. t. j. NEWELL MAKES
UPON HIS CHURCH LAST
EVENING.

Rev. T. J. Newell, the new pastor
Of Broadway Methodist church, con-
Quoted his prayer meeting last even
ing. A large congregation was out to
hear and meet him, and he made fine
impression upon all. No formal SER
vice was held, but his talk as between
pastor and people was earnest and evil
denced deep spirituality. He proved
himself most pleasant socially in the
reception afterwsrd, and was accorded
q hearty welcome.
The Paducah sun., 1902-12-04
MORE DREAMS
Metropolis Has Additional Informa-
ton About the Bridge
Il Believes the Probability Is Quite
Strong for the Project.

Yesterdays Metropolis Herald says
Considerable interest has been aroused
by the Herald's recent article concern.
ing the plan Of the Frisco system to
build from Jopps TO this point and
bridge the Ohio here, and while every
one is elated over the prospect some
say it is too good TO be true.
However the information in the pos.
session Of the Herald while in part Of
= private nature is considered excel
lent and besides there is every reason
why the bridge should be built. The
L. and N. people have always wanted
some short route into Chicago while
the Frisco system is just a. desirous of
arranging to run their trains through
the territory in the south traversed by
the Land N. Therefore, il seems that
their present object is for the Frisco
or old O. and Ell. line to be extended
across the river here and to Mayfield,
KY, and Joined there by a spur of the
L. and N. Thus the latter road would
be given access to the great lakes and
the Frisco to the gulf.
The Paducah sun., 1902-12-04
A BIG CATTLE DEAL.

Harrodsburg, Dec. 4-The largest
cattle deal ever known in this part Of
the state was made by J. W. Redford
and Jacob HuRuely, two of the veal
thiest and most prominent farmers in
Mercer county, to Simon We'll, Of Chi
cago. More than two hundred fine
export cattle averaging 1900 pounds
each, changed hands at $500 per hun
dred, the deal represented about $780,
600.
The Paducah sun., 1902-12-04
CAME NEAR DYINGIp
DIR. GRIFFITH CALLED TO A
CHILD WHO ATE NO-To-
BAO TABLETS.

The one year old child Of Mr.. Will
liam Hurst, of Eighth and Clark
streets, was poisoned by no-to-bAo tab
let's this morning and for three hours
was in dying condition. DIR. b. b. Grit
eSh was summoned and after hard
work with the infant, brought it
around and at press time the child was
reported better. A boy working
ab but the house had been using the
tablets and the child had gotten hold
~ A@hs stae erd. .saeao a. nr. Griffikh
(puld not be held to his contract be-
use the city had made certain
The Paducah sun., 1902-12-04
The Local Grocery Combine.

and the Seek Bakery, at Seventh and
Washington streets.
In addition it is opening up a new
grocery ON South Second street, near
the market.
The combine has options on is or
20 more of the smaller groceries in the
city, good until January 1. Some of
the above already have tho announce
ment Of the change on placards.
1t is said the plan will be to buy in
large lots and sell for cash.
The Paducah sun., 1902-12-04
Eli Hutchinson IS Now on Trial
For His Life.
The Jurymen All Sworn in and the
Taking Of Testimony
Begins.
CIRCUIT COURT
DoINGS

After spending all yesterday after.
noon and the greater part Of the morn
ing in examining jurymen to hear the
case against Eli Hutchinson, for the
murder of Henry Gray, full jury
was secured about II O'Clock this
morning.
The following jury was empaneled;
2 TN. Spencer, WI. Arnold, Den viii.
lis, j. r. Brown. T. n Wallace, W. =.
Walker, G. A. Gardner. w A. Derrington
Thomas Clayton, s. II. Piles, W. A.
Davis. J. G.. Willis. Over 40 men
were not accepted on account Of hav.
ing previously formed nm opinion on
the case. Ordinarily the prosecution
has q right TO excuse five jurymen and
the defense / 8 but in this case the opin.
ion question was greatly the cause for
the action in not accepting those
thrown out.
County Attorney Eugene Graves
made the statement Of the case for the
commonwealth AZ ter the jurors had
been empaneled as follows: Hutchin.
son had met Gray, his brother-in. law,
with whom he had quarrelled. They
had q few words and Hutchinson
pulled gun. Gray started to run
and Hutchinson shot him in the back.
Gray turned and other shot was fired
in his breast. He fell to the ground
and Hutchinson running up kicked
him in the side and stamped his face.
The injuries caused Gray's death aud
his assailant fed. He was not cap
tured for two months but was finally
landed here from the swAmps in Ar
kansas where he had been n hiding.
The killing was done in May during
carnival week and aroused much feel
ing in the lower part of the county
where the crime was committed. The
evidence is being heard this afternoon
Attorneys Grassland and Reed repre-.
sent the defense.
Hutchinson's wife Is here and sits
by his side during the trial She has
been st the jail attending to her has
hands wants during the time he was
i'll from the effects OF q broken arm.
II is claimed that Gray's little daugh-
ter, who was present at the killing,
tried to make Hutchinson stop shoot
ing but he threatened to kill her too
II she tried to interfere. The court
room is well filed with spectators and
IL 10 probable that the case will con-
sumo several days.
At press time three witnesses had
been on the stand. Mr.. Gray, wife
Of the murdered man, took the stand
first and testified that she had arrived
on the scene of the shooting soon af-
ter Gray was shot. That she asked
Hutchinson what he had shot her nus.
band for and he replied that he, Gray,
had called him a s. o. b.. Gray
here spoke up and said that he had not
called Hutchinson such a name and
Hutchinson then replied that he he'd
come there to kill Gray and had done
Il. Drs. Frank Boyd, OF the city,
and DIR. L. NJ. Baker, of Lovelaoe,
vile, the latter who was the first ply.
sicisn on the scene after the shoot
ing had been done, were put on the
stand to testify as to the condition Of
Gray when they saw him first and
until his death.