The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1902-06-15

silver pr-iutts -t.us-. tng-ti-r NtI r.I.
ot- Gr~k amt Roman -tHs. I,.u
v~rn"rats-i -srrs-l Va--.l- ffpm ~. IT,.
~ J-rt-al-m. whrrh had i..u lr
- Rum" IA triumph, ard ar d,r
~ tho sculpture uu thr Ar.N %
vsr. hk.v -. Carrt.d - In fa,t g
rniL"ry = continued ~ ~fr"upuI.
relates that htt~auus 70, 4ItuftI ID.
-arr~i ~J~il frum M. landal- ~ Afr,
and Transported n - ~Cuu-tanuu,pt.
'hough tho rity. eNen after ~" d-Uar'.r
% tho Nandal-. Still pus-sss"d many Co..
,hurrhs- ahd monuments. uur aufl.
d"m- Il c,rtHIn that. -lu'" "a. dsNs
Brrnhu No such dr-inl'tiuu hal ,t.r
l--n Wrought IN Rom" IN addition 70
tu'a-uru-. Jpwrl- amt works II arr. 80
Nandals carried IA crowds - pri-on.-..
most at whom were mad" slave. d. r.l.
81 ancrnt Rome daic- unqucstoualv
from it, sack by the Nandals
IN. Roman Empire II usually aid "a
have collapsed IN the West on the d.pus
ton Of Romulus tugu-tulu- In A Il "a
A. a matter IL fact, however, utnNa.ar
who d-In-s-i tugus,ulu-. and had l.~q
proclaimed Nm ~ Va" barbarian army.
COMPOSED Of H.ruli. Ncyri and Iurcilingi
ruled or about thirteen years the Roman
inhabitants OF ltslv A. the nominal sub.
ordinai" of tho Emperor nj tonstAn'iuupls
He received from tho Emperor Il no ihs
| title Of Pairicisn. and never assumed anv
other 10 Tar a. Roman subjects were con.
Cerned II Is equally certain that for Suns
time afterward the unity Of the Emplr-
was ~ostsnsibly observed. Their. could
he no greater mistake than TO imagins
hat TheodOric. King Of the O~-trosoths.
Became IA species Of Emperor Of the Wos'.
or even a King Of the Romans, independents
~ the Byzantine sovereign. AT whose bid
ding he had entered the Italian peninsula.
| Ihtodoric had no power OF promulgaung
! real laws. but only edicts for Italy, which
were never tn exceed the limits already
prescribed hy the Laws issued at Constants
nople. and applicable throughout the En-
pire. Moreover. the Emperor at CONSTANT
nople alone had the right To coin monev
stamped with his own image The Goth,
had their native laws. but, on the other
hand. the Romans were allowed 10 keep
| their own laws. and institutions and thu
whole civil administration remained IN
| Roman hands. II IL significant 81 their
| subordinate position that. when the Goths.
after the death 81 Theodore. were over
come 10y Bclisarius. they humblv repre-
sentsd To their conqueror tina they had
faithfully observed alt the terms ard
conditions VIII Oh had been originally
imposed upon them by thu Emperor al
tonstantinople.
When the Lonsobards crossed the Alpa
In SO A. D., Romanisn had just won =
splendid victory over G.rmanism. Ths
tandal- had lust been routed out Of Africa.
and the Ostrogoths out Of Italy. The-s
reConque~,s, effected under Justinian,
made Il plain that the Empire still retained
great vitality, enough. in fact. TO keep II
alive in the East for some nine centuries
longer The LongohaTd invasion dineret
materially from preceding seizures ~
Italy hy Teutonic tribes. Their 1eutonic
pr.deC.seorr had not entered the PENN
sula as avowed opponents al the Roman
Empire. nor had they ever asserted com
plets Independence Of II. The l~Ongoharu-.
on the other hand. invaded Italy as assail-
ants Of the Empire, and maintained them
selves for two centuries IN spite OF u Ar,
moreover. unlike the Visigoths and o.
~trogoths. they had not been subjected Tor
a long period To- the discipline ofthe Empire.
their primitive Gcrmanic character sur
vived comparatively intact. and they never
acquired any real political aptitude, or
any faculty for organization. The oonre-
quence- Of the Longohard invasion were re-
reatedly exhibited throughout the sub.
seluent course VI Italian history. II wss
owing To the Longohard conquest that
th. peninsula was split into separate frag-
ment-, never again To he brought ih'o
permanent reunion until our own day
Under the Arian Lonsob ards. also. th"
civil and religious power became per
manently opposed. and the struggle began
between Churc h and State that was 10 lsst
through the Middle Ages, and endure To
the present time; 1t was during the Long.
obard epoch. also, that the ,Popes trst
adopted tn. conciliatory policy toward
the Franks that proved triumphant In III"
days Of Pippin and Charlemssne, and has
never been wholly abandoned by IN"
Roman Catholic Church.
In the third chapter If his second volume
Prof. Nillari undertakes TO give q clear.
although summary idea, OF the form 81
government established In parts OF the
Italian peninsula 10y the L~ongobards lie
IL impelled to this attempt because " az
any time. a. some writer's nave as-er,eu,
the thread Of Roman tradition was entirely
broken IN Italy, and every trace OF Roman
laws and institutions obliterated. thus Could
only have taken place during the Longo-
bard rIle. For this rule not only larteN1
longer than any other barbarian domination
i, ~ n wcll-known fact that the Ostrogoih$
continued Ia enforce Roman laws and IN.
rtitutions, hat the ByzantiDe- who ousied
the O-trogoth-. upheld the same laws snd
institutions. and t'lt the franks, when ihcy
made thelr appearance In tho latter par ~
the eighth century, were already Romanihe1
to a certain extent. On the other hand
The L~ongoharis, "a We have sen, had been
into much slighter contact WIN
he empire. and had openly warred agalnr'
Y for tho purTs'-e ~ exr@lling u from nav
Prof Nillan'- researches. however, have
convinced him that after moro than ~"
81 domination, the L~ongobatc-
failei Ia make Italy German. and ended oN
'ecuming RomaniSed themselves. and Nlri-
'lally merged In the nation they had rom
quered
There is no doubt that. for a long tine.
th.rn VAS a tendency among historians 30
believe that every vestige OF Roman law
Roman ins, buttons disappeared dur
ing the I~ongohard rule. together win
every trace Of the former municipal hodie-'
Prof. villari himself admits that, after
he year G2S. there II no Documentary ~
ord of the Curd, or Municipal Council
had formerly existed IN all Roman
II has been asserted also thai
In Byzantine Italy. which NAV IL
said Ia have comprehended ="
he eli irs on tho coast 81 ia. Adrla''c
and Mediterranean. throughout Nh'h
he Roman law H. known to have beer N
vigor. municipal administ ration die.
appeared. having passed into the hands Of
lie Bishops and the quasi governueLt
officials The same writers aver that
Italy all civil business VAS
managed 10y the curid repid tadminls'rail,u
~ tl. crown ~doInainrl, the Dukes, -"
I,as~lndl lcourtiersI and, later on, tv ID"
Most ut these -uppo-ition- ana
hcorles, however. are nov rejected, even
by tho~. Who once advocated 'h"m. u =
n not impossible, 10 helteN" il't
he l~ongobsTd-, even had they wished Dr.,
rould have had IA" power To prevent 80
ont lnuance among the Italian urban TupH-
atlons If some relics Of Roman ln-,'D-
tons and Roman jul ~.sprud"nce. Ill" Ga
- ll - " .