Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1902-01-04
5 Home Study Course.
s E. BENJAMIN ANDREWS, LII. D, Editor.
! Nature Studies For Old
aDd Young
BY ALLEN WALToN GOULD, a. ~
VIII.

So-0peiae0n "a Books ad schools railroads and
In m papte J. e thu eo No sea'e o. m aae
Natu'e 5asgts and AMID s sssiass'', w 1s1sh ss . ass sr Is sns
does everything for himself. He makes his W clothes. his " weapons.
hi. wv " nS sisTsn; o1 He as sat s c 1s.1 his e own b sa% ose ss, aa be as he aa f 5s shsn h sss
he become civilized. cospsranon. tnen. is fundamental ms tai, In . elvil kat on. How
1 become asss civilized slss y by t fnsr eesop ss@saea . 0'pSi''@ = - : - =
A few summers ago l vas walking n h country with a half grown shep
herd dog one day ,whea M he e., suddenly i'd snl a sp1a n. over The the f fence sSssa aa ae,t Wens f ssaass
anSl nusl lg feeding. When they saw the dog, they made no attempt to mn
away. They hey. simply 1pS g b as eheser f and e9 Is dg Tge t aei 1oy o. I9 tne doe :
seemed to m a very interesting case II instinct Is he had ever seen e sheep
- But he action - Of the, n sheep 2, =. st, sn ., nss il, interesting, ss.,sa The. Tss 5, .ss
sheep had learned to tax in the presence of a foe. The Wild sheep put The
rams with their hare heads directed against any attack from = quarer.
In this way they keep of the ,m wolves nn and l. even zen. larger aa ss anlmansa =, They cyl ss s.m.
lily Or zach Individual tried to save himself by running awsy.. s.. !,
nocks and herds The American ouaans put sn the COW COW. and and their calves Sss1 IN .as
sharp horns; 4, easily al IKE. Keep the the wolves ws,s 1 at bay. .tt Tss ama hg %sas + l. vs . .ss
when grazing will post a sentinel OF a elevated spot to war; the herd q
The elk. too cooperates in the spring Of the yesr. At that season, when
the e, snsT b sss :, S 9sIew r sst t aag Tnd do ss1hf the n sn 1aTss sa ssF a@m : q n network sl1 &
road running m sa ansu ut the he y tys1 o1ls 80 ennt e If ass T. ps ss assistance. xsa.nss t. attack y g
Elephants cooperate in a somewhat different st. way; Tn. These so huge ss anima az
safety aot only BY its numbers. U also y its obedience t a leader ss Is..
s sanszea rs eae . a ' pr pshs oaa sa in in i india tells u how me Of these leaders CON
Quoted his herd to a a waite mt Ing place ses. one ns = ny ast n sssr w n season a. . ts NJ q :
an opening, and this officer climbed a tree near the tank in order to observe
!. AZ ss . a two hours s.,,,a he q = : ssss s ss 2sss. ss r. m so, ,.as. sss sss e :.
stood perfectly mothonless for several minutes Then he advanced 2 ahus
.ae he s remained mai listening for some time, and then. without drinlins. hs
ss,sE' s,.s s.sssu ssa to 1d s1 sst fe's Carefully 4 ess to a ss ssl s ssa : ss. ss@ 1 then. ma ! lev J
yard. from the water. apparently p ret,y to ga act ta a. sen Thsa - I caas ne an dsspTn ne g t Z
line Of sentlnes, while the leader wen Q p to the edge Of the tan. . az : e
tss' ~sses as : IL f1 he had as's given n til, ! signal to advance The obs svsr 8 que
the whole party. The cooperation is not wholly n sided: The leader z
s ss hsa1 him . fm one harm lsaa" and md even ven when he has be been wounded they have besn
known to support him on each side and 50 .eey. rsl hi. s. escape :, !, !.
green apes Of western Africa are almost always in BAND. rather than t tannss.
males Is the recognised leader The leadership is especially noticeable oss.D s When n.sa
1 is aa n %ay through eusa I. the dsn.s forests. and each individual seem. t. follow =
sas e'i branches ae@ Occasionally they all stop while he goes to the top q g
tree to re, rs cnaas H., II aos all seems ms STATE, s.so p su moy while Il s : '1 nH t lni1e en esns
and hands with the ers Of corn. From time to t time he gives s. s = e e a,1.. esxs
g. and then each mother catches catches up her !. s sssy, s sad the etat ss.s grab .n a !. .a &c
to Oh =: :. 49, sess : s...,.. ..,n, ! !, ,s.,s .,,.. a.. So. ,r.,.u,.s., -.
Al ets.s ie..t asa their own own kind. kind, = The hsm srs' ~ s xss are ra %s's r sRt GATHER ss sr y
1eaMsn to to protect a ssreassned nest or 70 assist an individual IN trouble IN:
naea1' tns asspe sss a pair il could not rout the stubborn sparrow. they dew
their mouths fshl q clay, and they preceded d. : ~ wan ~, p 4 the .,s n9ssse 81 =
able to escape and she was found dead in the asst when Y was taken taken down S.
~ rSe sea swallows o. trns likewise assist each Other. One Of them, when
wounded. ' !. carried To- out . Of dang danger ger y him his &c son aBs T,ns. : aa ,se g ese e ss ss and q
lifted him On the water and dew several yards with III him ~ Then nn they 1sya ssn .1
let y. DO nd a the 1 suets sssr rs. ssef sn'f place : ''s nm 'l '''''S' ].
striking w OF course every farmer knows that when crows feed On " grain s1 /
ta esDe xa p ia = ao ssaaas other he s animals al'n is s,s en- more sr surprshnsiy human. =
get n piees Of meat att from roma q . . me tho o. mesa " ~'t the ew doe. II turns ns-m to to dssfssnd his
tn. a dog was eating a large piece Of refuse meat In q hotel yard and ssr
tut much success At last q of the birds secured a considerable frragnaennt
Of the meat and few with it tic his comrades sin 2 tree. They did % q y
however, hit after SOM earnest cawing they all new Gown @ me cs asal I
and. sas,t one o. q t asass as9p e : : the he e smsl J piece sssr + s 'saas Ts 80 s a,i 1sss. p p.s &c : : %
30 When re turned to seize the large piece again, 1T was gone. W. OF te
crnws hat -rabbed it and borne 1t to the tree, where all o them proceeoeo "
deyour it 18th much seeming hnarty, while the dumfounded dog cousa only
ozark at them insaney" .@t
with such clever cooperation in robbng others we might expect tness
bird would be tempted to rob each other. And this is omeunes "a casea =
least azon~ the rocks. Goldsmith used to watch rookery, ~ ne .As =
that when a young pair itl had del. sh" Sc n a place ror r tssa. ns = e eoy !. v thal s sSs..
ing raj Uncovered a dock of indignant birds would gather about the new ness
and destro, It ut one. ~ s
A more serious punishment with a formal trial. sometimes awaits cuphNs
among thoae birds. The so called crows court" is one O te most surprising
pieces 81 cooperation known among the lower creature Large numbers OF
the birds gntar from all directions sometimes taking ~ y three q To-
assembling before they proceed to business. When everything ~ ready, they
al aurht q sa,e open place with q guilty looking bird IN the csnter y.
eni unusually solemn Individual near him. Fr an hour DE- v there Is mucA
c,w,nr p,arsnr, Arst n n side and t1n Oh the other. Then an at once
the birds suddenly rise with vochercus ordinations and usually some q