The Hawaiian gazette., 1902-12-12


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m1fe alrali. i'o.~ssion in m.nfa' wealth, in
ilr certain kinds y farming and Hocs Frosins
lt Is a TERRITORY ~ great size and varied O..
sources, well r'tl 90 support largo paruanent
Population. Nadia needs a r0od land .aw and
such provisions ior hornssicads snl pfs-emptlons
a. VIII encourage permanent settlement We
should shape legislation with a view not 20 tho
exploiting and abandoning u the tcrTitory. but
90 the building up = homes therein The land
laws should be liberal In type 90 a. to hold out
Inducements 20 the actual settler whom we most
desire TO zee take Possession q the county. The
forests - Alaska should be protected, nd, - a
secondary but still important matter, the game
also. and at the same time II Is imperative that
the settlers should be allowed TO cut timber un-
der proper regulations, for their own use. Laws
should be enacted to protect the Alaskan salmon
fisheries against the greed which would DESTROY
them. They should be pr served a. permanent
industry aud food supply, Their management
and control should be turned over 20 the commits
sion q fish and fisheries. Alaska should have a
delegate in the congress 1t would be well II a
investigate its needs on the ground.
In dealing with the Indians our aim should be
their ultimate absorption into the body Of our
people, but in many cases this absorption must
and should be very slow. In portions Of the Ia.
dian Territory the mixture Of blood has gone on
the same time with progress in wealth ami
education, 50 that there are plenty OF men with
varying degrees OF puSty of Indian blood who
are absolutely indistnguishabe in point of social,
political and economic ability from their white
associates. There are other tribes which have a.
yet made no perceptible advance toward such
equality To try to force sucf tribes too fast IL
to prevent their going forward at all. Moreover
the tribes live under widely different conditions
Where tribe has made considerable advance and
lives on fertile farming soil II is possible TO alo
the members lands in severalty much Is the
case with white settlers. There are other tribes
where such course is not desirable. On the
arid prairie lands the effort should be to induce
the Indians TO lead pastoral rather than agricul
tural lives and to permit them to settle in vii
| lagos rather than TO force them into isolation.
The large Indian schools situated remote from
any Indian reservation do a special and peculiar
| work of great Importance: but, excellent though
| these are. an immense amount of additional work
| must be done on the reservations themseve.
| among the old, and. above all, among the young
Indians
| The first and most important step toward the
| absorption Of the Indian is to teach him TO
his living yet 1t is not necessarily to be assumed
| that in each community all Indians must become
either tillers Of the soil stock rasers. Theif
| industries may properly be diversified and those
who show special desire adpptability for indus.
| trial or even commercial pursuits should be
Outraged so far as practicable TO follow out each
|
Every effort should be made to develop the In.
| dian along the lines Of natural aptitude and 10
encourage the existing native industries peculiar
| TO certain tribes, such as the various kinds OF
| basket weaving, canoe building, smith work and
| blanket work. Above ALL the Indian boys and
| girls should be given confident command Of col.
| loqual English and should ordinarily be prepared
| for vigorous struggle with the conditions under
| which their people live rather than for mmcdi
ate absorption into some more highly developed
The officials who represent the government in
| dealing with the Indians work under hard condi
| tions and also under conditions which render II
| easy to do wrong and very difficult TO detect
wrong. Consequently they should be amply paid
| on the one hand and on the other hand a par
| ticuary high standard Of conduct should be de
handed from them, and where misconduct can be
proved the punishment should be exemplary.
In no department of governmental work in re.
| cent years has there been greater success thar
in that Of giving scientific aid TO the farming
| population. thereby showing them how most eff.
| ciently to help themselves There is no need OF
| insisting upon its importance, for the welfare OF,
| the farmer Is fundamentally necessary to the
| welfare OF the republic as whole. In addition
| to such work quarantine against animal and
| vegetable plaques, and warning against them when
| here introduced, much efficient help has been rem.
| dored to the farmer by the introduction Of new
plants specially fitted for cultivation under the
peculiar conditions existing in different portions.
Of the country. New cereals have been established
in the semiarid west. For instance, the practi.
cability OF producing the best types Of macaroni
wheatS in regions OF an annual rainfall of only
ten inches or thereabout has been conclusiyely
demonstrated. Through the introduction Of new
rces in Louisiana and TEXAS the production Of
rice in this country has been made to about equal
the home demand. In the southwest the possibil.
ily Of ragrassing overstocked range lands has been
dcmonstIated: in the north many new forage
crops have been introduced, while in the east II
has been shown that some Of our choicest fruts
can be stored and shipped in such way as to
find profitable market abroad.
again recommend TO the favorable considera
ton Of the congress the plans Of the Smithsonian
charge worthy of the nation and for preserving
at the national capital not only records Of the
vanishing races of men, but Of the animals Of this
continent which, like the buffalo, will soon be
come extinct unless specimens from which their
| representatives may be renewed are sought In
their native regions and maintained there In
safety.
The District Of Columbia Is the only part OF
our territory in which the national government
exercises local or municipal functions and where
in consequence the government has a free hand
in reference to certain types Of social and eco
nomc legislation which must be essentially local
or municipal in their character. The government
should see to it, for instance. that the hygienic
and sanitary legislation affecting Washington i.
OF high character The evils OF slum dwellings
whether in the shape Of crowded and congested
tenement house districts or OF the back alley
type, should never be permitted to grow up in
| Washington. The city should be model in every
respect for all the cities of the country. The
charitable and correctional systems OF the Dis
trict should receive consideration at the hands Of
the congress to the end that they may emhody
the results Of the most advanced thought in these
fields. Moreover, while Washington is not great
and our labor legislation, while it would not he
! important in itself might be made model fol
the rest OF the nation. We should pass for in
stance, wise employers liability act for the Die
trict Of Columbia. and we need such an act IL
our navy yards. Railroad companies in the Dis
, trict ought TO be required by law to block theiI
frogs.
The safety appliance law for the better pro
lection Of the lives and limbs Of railway EN-
poyees, which was passed In 1893 went into full
effect on Aug !, 1901. II has resulted in avert
ing thousands Of casualties. Experience shows
however, the necessity Of additional Legislation
TO perfect this law. A bill to provide for thii
passed the senate at the last session. 1t is 10 b,
hoped that some such measure may now be en-
acted into law.
There is growing tendency to provide for tn,
publication Of masses Of documents for which
there is no public demand and for the printing o.
which there is no real necessity. Large number
Of volumes are turned out by the government
printing presses for which there is Justification
: Nothing should be printed by any Of the depart
mems unless II contains something Of permanent
value, and the congress could with advantage cut
down very materially on all the printing which
II has now become customary 90 provide The
J excessive cost OF government printing Is strong
: argument against the position Of those who arc
inclined on abstract grounds % advocate the gov
4 U..UHha sN..HH IL 81.