New-York tribune., 1902-07-01

permitted. and by directing the government to re-
vent any else from crossing them. After govern
All bso1y o4 TN erv @
changing line IF demarcation between them. ac-
the United states for EXAMPLE. the postofifss Is
m e and he Sending o fegms e in
domain of liberty In different countries and in
tween the sphere of government and the sphere OF
liberty is differently drawn In Germany the con-
ment in the the Gnited States it is largely an afrar
thew are still an sffair Which faIs in the domain
erty. each being the name for field OF activity
gives the complete life of the state.
formal act Of creation OF a government Ssne anG
56s DhsS q assy Or 5v gh
against he the
ernment he is also protected against encroach,
United States for example. the Individual is guar
anteed by the state the rights peaceaby to assemble
grievances, and the government must both refrain
invading them If the goSernment should fail to
would surely remodel destroy ii.
shall not apologize for this excursion into the
distinction between state and government to be of
crucial Importance for right thinking upon nth the
once the distnction between state and government
tween the sphere of government and the sphere OF
liberty then it is seen to be matter Of expedidi Id
by argument, whether a given matter-such as :
support of schools or the control of railways and
gGyernment or to the sphere of liberty tSs
types of cducationa institutions. ali resting upon
the power of the state. One OF the three depends
third type is without any governmental relation
SP ns6es yfs whsh ard the
establishes and maintains such as the ,a Pubic
Stiles pD'''' "'' A''e' anu '''e '''''e
authorizes. such as schools. college and university
corpora tiOns. private or semi-pubc In character.
which gain their powers and privileges by char
ter granted by the proner governmental authority:
and which are often given aid by the government
Third-Those institutions which the state per
government TO forbid or restrict them: such as
Whether given Institution is truly national or
is IN 5 hoc T local n smd
and trammes. 1t may be religious in tone and in
purpose and yet be national provided only that its
of his creed
As second fundamental principle Of our Ameri-
can educational system name this:
THE RIGHT OF THE GOVERNMENT.
The duly constituted authorities of any school
district or other political unit may establish 9or
the voters consent in regular form TO bear the
expense
There is a widespread belief that elementary
education under government control is a matter OF
right but that secondary and higher educaition
of of the domain Of lbeTX There & Is no ground m
has, the same right TO do for secondary and for
higher education that II has to do for elementary
education. What and how much II shall do. II any
thing, in particular case, is n question OF eX-
pediency: the right to do much as II chooses Is
unquestionable.
A. third fundamsntai principle Is s this =, ,overn
mental authority established IN the interest OF
the whole people and because Of the controlling
conviction that instructed and enlightened popu-
lation is essential the perpetuity OF democra tic
institutions and to their effective operation. The
schools therefore. proper charge upon all
taxpaying persons and property, and not merely
upon those whose children receive instruction
therein. Nor they in any sense schools which
are provided for the poor the unfortunate.
II Is sometimes gravely argued that positions
school officers or teachers should be given only
10 those who live. at the moment In the civil
community or subdivision in which the school In
question Is situated. This Is the theory that the
schools exist not for the people or for the children
but in ords~ that places may be provided for the
friends relatives and neighbors Of those who are
charged for the time being with the power OF ap-
pointment. 1t is an undemocratic theory. because
II substitutes a privileged class for open competi-
ton among the best qualified.
At the conclusion OF President Buffers ad-
dress there was informal reception in the
State Library.
The second days session OF the convention will
be held tomorrow.