davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Lancaster ledger. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1852-1905, 1902-10-01
The Very Oldest Woman
is Dead in LaurenS.
Many Facts Proving Her Great
Age-Girl of 16 When Wash
ington Became Pres
ldent-Her Aged
Children.
Special to rhe State.

Special to rhe State.
Laurens, Sept. 27.-Sundav,
2lst INST, there died in this city
an Old negress, Hannah Miner,
whose claim to longevity is be-
yond doubt unparalleled in this
section. According to her reck-
onlng she was three years old
when that immortal paper, the
Declaration of Independence, was
promulgated, a "gal" of 16 when
George Washington became pres
ldent, or, in other words, she
was born the last of October,
l773, and therefore had she sur
vived six weeks longer she would
have attained the great age of
l29. Of course in the absence of
any record there is more or less
doubt to her claim, but there is
abundant evidence of her very
advanced age. First of all she
was born In Virginia, which ac
counts for the fact that she dis
tlnctly remembered Wash, nton as
general during the Revolution
airy war and then as president,
incidents which she related TO
those around her all through life
clear to the end, circumstance
which would have occurred CON
siderably over hundred times if
she had told it only once year.
She was probably brought to
South Carolina by the Miner
family, as she was first known by
the oldest people now living in
this section as the property of
Ihos. Mlluer, Il slave owner who
lived near The Knob, this county,
many years ago. "Granny'
Hannah, as she was general
ly known was 1.-The wife of
Henry Miner, slave, and they
had 13 children. Henry died
long before the Civil war, an old
man. Four of the youngest chil>
dren survive, son and three
daughters. The youngest of these
Is great grandmother herself,
almost an octogcnarian. 1t is
SAID her oldest son died Mt the
country home few years ago at
the age OF 9S She lived to see
four generations of her own fam
lily and to this day they are Afri-
can blood pure and simple, old
fashioned, polite and hard work.
ing. Martin Burnsldes, aged 60, is
one of the numerous grandchil-
dren who live In to county and he
is thrifty and respectable negro
"Old" Granny belonged to the
African Methodist church aad
her faith never deserted her. Her
health was all that could have
been expected up to within a week
or so before the dissolution. She
was hearty, could walk arourd
some and al! her faculties mind
voice, hearing and eyesight cons
tinued good to The last. Most
remarkable indeed, but this is the
brief story of Hannah Mluer's
long, very long life.
w, l.. T..
The Lancaster ledger. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1852-1905, 1902-10-01
Tom Clark Burned at Stake.
Held for "A Hours After ca
Tossing and in That Time the
Governor Made No r.
fovt TO Interfere.

Corinth, Miss, Sept. 2S.
Writhing in the flames of fa.ot+
piled high by hundreds OF citizoa~,
Tom Clark, alias Will Gibson. 4,
young negro, was burned At The
stake here Mt late hour today.
Clark had confessed to one oftae
most atroclous assaults and mar
ders in the history of Mississippi.
and said that he deserved his sw-
ful fate.
On August 10 last, Mrs. Carrie
Whitfield, the wife of wei
known citizen, was found dead
in her home. Investigation show
ed that the lady had been assault
ed. Her head was practically
severed from her body. Both
Whitfield and his wife were re-
lated TO several of the most
prominent families in the South
and the Indignation of the people
knew no bounds. Corinth and
the surrounding country was
secured in All elrorC to apprehcnd
the murderer but diligent search
failed to disclose his identity. Two
detectives from Chicago were en-
ployed but their efforts were
fruitlesS. Several suspects were
arrested but in each case IN alibi
was proven. 4 committee of
twelve citizens were named to
continue the search for the mur-
derer and these mon have been
very active IN their. work. On
Monday last it became known that
Tom Clark, Il negro living near
here had trouble with his wife and
'"e '"''0' 'nf'''eHs" TO disclose
'"0 ''oi '' {! =" crime. Oihcers
"Pp' 'o"''i"e" 'ne woman ana she
'o'" o"""s" 70 warrant the be
wv ,,,i '""I C'"'N iia' murdered Mrs.
" i'''"''"' o'"tN was arrested
al, Il IL I
az" 3o'''r""y Drought hetorc the
w. o"'"'' " u '"o''o III C"Fih'h.
: Nv negro Hla'Iy c"hfeSseH TO
'''0 '''"'''ci an" also toid OF OLhcr
The Lancaster ledger. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1852-1905, 1902-10-01

The movement to consolidate
60 per cent Of the spinning add
weaving mills of tie South into
one holding has been consummat-
ell.
"A tidal wave, accompanied
with devastating cyclone, has
visited the coast of Sicily. Hun
dreds of people were killed and
millions in property destroyed.
The Lancaster ledger. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1852-1905, 1902-10-01
~.->,-------.-~--
SCPTDHBIR 3)Ih,
= " & =
Will Have Our
Annual
FALL. OP EllIZVG
LIN Millinery,
Dress Goods, Etc.

Miss Evans has returned from
the North after spending weeks.
posting herself. She has every
thing in the latest Styles and
Shapes.
In our Dress Goods and No.
ton Department, we have the
incest and most complete line we
have ever shown.
We invite all the Ladies' to
come and see our different lines.
Old ladies' young ladies, little
girls, big girls, bachelor girls. old
maids and all. If you can't come
yourself send your cold man."
SO that he can tell you all about
it.
Don't forget the date, TUES
DAY and TUESDAY NIGHT
SEPT. 3Oth.
Lancaster Mercantile a.
Barbour County index. [volume] (Medicine Lodge, Kan.) 1880-current, 1902-11-12
SAVED A LIFE.

Gratitude promotes publicity and
it's no wonder people testify when life
is saved.
Every reader with bad back is in
danger for bad backs are but kidney
ills and neglect may prove fatal.
Neglected backache is quickly fol-
lowed by too frequent urinary dis
charges; retention of the urine, pain
full urination, Diabetes, Bright's dis
ease.
Read how all such troubles can be
cured.
CASE NO. 34,52o-Mr. Walter Nc
Laughlin, of 1922 Jacob street, Wheel.
ing, w. Va, machine hand working
at j. A. Holiday & Sons planning mill,
says: ST firmly believe had 1 not
used Doan's Kidney Pills when I did
would not be alive now. WAS in
terrible condition, and although 1
took quarts of medicine, and was
attended by doctors, 1 got no better,
but worse. Friends spoke of my bad
appearance, and thousands knew
about it. could hardly get around
and felt and looked like a dead man
rather than a living one. Doan's
Kidney Pills, procured at the Logan
Drug Co.'s store, were. a blessing to
me; half box relieved me; three
boxes entirely cured me-"
A FREE TRIAL of this great kid
ney medicine which cured Mr.. Nc
Laughlin will be mailed on applica-
ton to any part of the United States.
Address Foster-Milburn Co., Buffalo,
n. Y. For sale by all druggists, price
so cents per box.
Barbour County index. [volume] (Medicine Lodge, Kan.) 1880-current, 1902-11-12

of
Phoenix
sight OF the windows of the lodge The lord lieutenant
called
brilliant drawing ending with
ornamented whc
for
foo1vaa
background
old
pique with her guests while the the
on he floor"
gentlemen
and
S a He stson
entertained by the
behind
fitting
49, - ~
Barbour County index. [volume] (Medicine Lodge, Kan.) 1880-current, 1902-11-12

A word about the history of the
canals. Long ago, when Canada be-
gan to be explored by the adventur-
Gus white men, schemes were devised
Tor facilitating transportation be-
tween Lake Superior and the other
waters of the Great Lakes. In 1889
canal was projected across ST.
Mary's island, connecting Lakes Su-
oerlor and Huron, and ten years later
the canal was in readiness for navi-
cation. This early canal was but 800
feet in length and As feet in wild h,
with lock 3s feet long and nine feet
vide. One of the Northwestern Fur
companies was the originator of the
enterprise, which eventually fell into
The hands of the Hudson Bay COM
pany. This plucky little canal was
destroyed in the first days of the
troubles of 1912, a company of Amer
can volunteers doing their work so
.fectually that it was never rebuilt
The state of Michigan some years
later pushed to completion a canal on
the American side, and in 1855 there
was opened for business the first lock
ing a maximum of 11h feet. The
cost Of this canal was 81 900 900. The
irst years tonnage was 100000 tons.
The succeeding years saw very
:apid increase, as the iron ores about
Lake Superior became in great de-
nand. In 1880 the tonnage had risen
% 1,75o,COO.
The increased tonnage demanded
improvements in the canal, and in
1881 there was opened to navigation
the lock now in use, very wonder
full engineering work, costing 50 ,O00,-
900. This second canal is SIS feet in
length and so in width. The old can
ais and locks were assumed by the
government the same year, and very
extensive improvements were begun
to still further facilitate transport Ia
ton. Congress called in the war de-
partment for information as to what
additional improvements were con-
answer asked for "the construction
of dry dock in the canal, the i'm
provement of the Hay lake channel
and the Immediate construction of
another lock-" The new lock, on the
site of the first one, the one of 1855,
is 500 feet long and 100 feet wide
These last improvements, costing ST.
se7, $50, allows of the passage of yes
sells Of great depth, and statistics
show that the improvements already
made on the canals and the St.
Barbour County index. [volume] (Medicine Lodge, Kan.) 1880-current, 1902-11-12

through the United States canal;
and our government had to refuse
Sir Garnet Wolsey the permission
when he asked for it for his troops.
The troops and supplies were landed
on the Canadian side, the empty YES
sells passed through the canal and
reloaded on the Lake Superior side.
Another occurrence helped towards
the construction of Canadian canal.
When rates were raised in 1892 on
American cargoes passing through
the Welland canal, the government of
the United States began retaliation
by sending word to the Canadian
government that tolls would be
raised on Canadian vessels passing
through the Sault ST. Marie docks.
Whereupon the excessive tolls were
withdrawn, but the English decided
to go to. work upon an independent
canal, u waterway of their own. To-
day the Canadian vessels, as a rule,
make use of the Canadian canal, al
though through the American canal
all shipping passes free, both domes-
tic and foreign.
1t is very interesting to spend a
day at the 800" during the busy sea-
son and watch the motley craft COM
ing and going through the wonderful
waterway. One can sit at ease in the
pleasant park bordering the canal,
and see glide along before him, with
out hitch or hating, ceaseless pam
Drama of vessels. There are beauti-
full trim yachts, contrasting with the
big-snouted, clumsy-looking whale
backs, the pigs" as the sailors so
aptly call them; there are stately,
modern vessels, great floating pal
aces, also tubs of another day;
crowded passenger vessels, and huge
freight boats, with perhaps only a
couple of lonely men visible; putting,
energetic tugs near consorts stately
in size and general appearance. 1t
is show worth seeing.
These canals at the Sault have
ministered much to the rapid devel-
from n writer treating of the lake
traffic of the present season: I'm its
astonishing magnitude the COM
merce of the great lakes is not only
an impressive exponent of the I'M
usual business activities of the coun-
try, but reminder of the important
part the lake system plays in the
prosperity and development of a doz.
en- states and hundred CT more cit
ies."
KATHERINE POPE
Barbour County index. [volume] (Medicine Lodge, Kan.) 1880-current, 1902-11-12
Traffic Through the Busiest
Canal in the World ~ ~ ~
Present a at The
lie.

Mary's river, which tortuous stream
is really no river at all, but strait,
have paid for themselves many times
over.
The ST. Mary's river is open for
navigation from May to December.
In those months there passes
through the Sault canal more freight
than through the Suez canal in a
whole year; couple of million tons
of coal; millions of tons of iron ore;
millions of bushels of wheat; tens of
thousands of tons of copper; thou
sands of tons of silver; millions of bar
rels of flour; manufactured iron by
the tens of thousands of tons; bar
rels of salt by the hundred thousand;
tens of thousands of tons of building
stone; hundreds of millions of feet
of lumber, and hundreds of thou
sands of tons of miscellaneous
freight.
The Canadian government was in
f1uenced to construct canal on the
Canadian side of ST. Mary's falls, and
in 1895 it was opened to navigation.
Several things urged Canada to take
this step. When the American canal
was completed, Canadian vessels
found it convenient and available,
and it was not until time of war that
Canada felt the need for a canal of
her own. In the Riel rebellion of
1870, men and munitions of war were
wanted at the head of Lake Superior,
but the law of nations would not al
low of the transportation of these
Barbour County index. [volume] (Medicine Lodge, Kan.) 1880-current, 1902-11-12
THE TRAPPIST MONKS OF IOWA
PROSPEROUS Communities in he


public
-
the
Dubuque The
than
The founded half the brethren
5000
materials obtained from the
The of
blacksmiths
Barbour County index. [volume] (Medicine Lodge, Kan.) 1880-current, 1902-11-12

fixed
they anything nothing
markabe rule force requiring silence Without
a
app never speaks except in All sleep domi
The beds placed
the center OF the stands image of the Virgin plank and
is
meala
milk vegetables
which in on Sunday
Barbour County index. [volume] (Medicine Lodge, Kan.) 1880-current, 1902-11-12
The Vice Regal Lodge at Dublin
Official Home of the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland.

KAy ruled by lord lieutenant appointed by the British
e@A
most spendor and but rich afford preside
of and wn
O but
Barbour County index. [volume] (Medicine Lodge, Kan.) 1880-current, 1902-11-12

tnaC passes through 1t eX-
leeds that of the famous Suez canal,
much greater in extent, being 100
miles in length. The freight tonnage
Of the former canal for 1897 was 49,
aS2,755: for the latter the net vessel
tonnage 7,s99,373.
And this last season has been
cecord-breaker in lake commerce, and
the busy 800" has been unwontedly
busy, the total freight passing
through the ST. Mary canals in four
months being 16,56s,s99 tons. The
vessels glide in and out so quietly a
visitor at the locks is rather i'm
pressed with the idea of leisure and
ack of friction than with the hustle
and wkirl that usually mark spot
where commerce is excessive. But
;he thoughtful visitor, observing in
the course of the day the number
md variety of vessels that wait their
urn at the st. Mary locks, gets some
dea of what is meant by the figures
tbove quoted, the millions and mil
ions of tonnage. If one day sees
:ome, rass and go so many vessels,
seven months of like arrivals and de-
oartures-the navigation season is of
;even months fundamentally
must pile up vast amount of work
! to accredit to the canals.
Barbour County index. [volume] (Medicine Lodge, Kan.) 1880-current, 1902-11-12

HOUGH the Sau1t ST. Marie
canal is only about one
mile in length-the busy
American one, we refer to
the annual tonnage
The daily morning journal and courier., 1902-08-07

pliance the engineer has absolute con- trol of the train; and when he sees dan ger ahead he can stop at will Many people think that it is putting too much work on the engineer to have him watch the brake, but it is not He by all that is right should have full charge of the train, because he rides in front, where everything that transpires on the track is In full view. It used to be that we would have to sight danger a long way ahead so as to give the brakeman chance to get the brakes set. Tn those days when you whistled for brakes the men in the train could never tell what you wanted to stop for, and, conse- quently they would not get them set as quickly as the engineer would have liked As it is, now when he sees any thing that looks dangerous he can have the train nearly stopped before the ob- stacle comes into full view.
 "It is generally thought that the speed the engines are required to main- tain" MT. Nagle went orf to say, greatly injures them, but I don't find that this is true, because, it seems that they are built for 1t. Tn fact, the en- zines are much larger now than they were some years ago. When I first be- gan to run we carried about 130 pounds of steam, while now we use from 215 to 230 boiler pressure. It can easily be seen that if it requires this much more steam to get the engines over the rails now we must be making much faster time and pulling heavier loads The engines now, while larger, are not as hard to handle as the old style affairs, because all of the improvements have been to make them run faster It used to be the pumps on the machine would not work except when the engine was in motion, but now these pumps will work at any time and full amount of steam can be had when the engine leaves the roundhouse. The lubricating of valves is another thing that is a great help. As it used to be a man would have to go around and pour oil on, while now the oil will run right on to the valve full of steam" "-Tndianapo- lis Journal.
The daily morning journal and courier., 1902-08-07
ENTERING A UNION.

Certain unions of peculiarly skilled workmen require a rigid examination before admission-the electrical work ers for instance, who maintain regu- lar examining board, consisting of two
 members of their union and two mem bers of the employers association, be- gore whom the applicants appear and answer carefully prepared set of questions. Membership in the union becomes 8 certificate of skill, and the employers recognize it as such. Only recently an electrical workers union in New York paid back more than twenty eight hundred dollars in fees advanced by applican nts for admission who failed to pass the examinations. The stearn- filters and other unions have equally severe examinations.
 The greatest diversity of opinion ex- ists as to initiation fees. In some un- ions a large fee is collected, sometimes as high as fifty or seventy-flve dollars or more, on the ground that a}nnan who pays large sum to get in will be more likely to remain loyal; but other suc- cessful unions charge as little as two dollars-the cigarmakers' fee being only three dollars. The dues subsequently collected are usually about one dollar a month, this low payment often includ- ing liberal benefits in case of sickness, strike or death. Many of the unions now use the stamp system in collecting their dues. A little book is presented each week or each month to the treas urer, who pastes in and cancels the off, cial stamps of the union for the amount of the dues paid. It is a sight worth seeing on a Saturday or g. Monday to watch the workmen or their wives or their children, each with book, lined up in long row at the office of the treasurer of certain unions, waiting to pay their dues.-Ray Stannard Baker in the Worlds Work.
The daily morning journal and courier., 1902-08-07

into friendlier relation in proportion as they adapt themselves to the people, and learn the language. Ignorance of the speech of a country, the only possi- ble social medium, Is always and every where bar to intimacy. Americans get tired of listening to broken Eng fish, of trying to pick out the meaning of the imperfect speaker. The most distinguished man who cannot speak the foreign language with facility is inevitably very like child; lacking the vocabulary to express himself well, he must perforce talk on trivial matters,
 He cannot show the range of his infor- mntion, the acuteness and brilliancy of
 his mind. So cultured Mexicans, though marvelously patient, cannot, if they do not happen to speak English fuently, find pleasure in prolonged so- cial intercourse with Americans or Brit ons. Conversation which is satisfacto- ry and pleasurable depends on all par. ties to it knowing well the delicate shades the nuances, of the tongue in which 1t is carried on. Otherwise 1t is painfully Ollendorfian.
 There are other bars to intimacy be- tween men of northern and men of southern race; there is usually a differ ence of religion, and even nowadays, when fanaticism is distinctly bad form in good society, there will be sure to be heard allusions to religious cere- monies and functions, which should be received with a certain sympathy and Long centuries have made the habits of mind of the man of the north and the man of the south very different The Latin frankness in many matters surprises the Saxon, while the brusque brushing aside of an- cient social formulas by the Briton or American shocks the Latin. 2
 A closer contact enduring for a cen- tury, intermarriage, common business interests, etc., will do much to bring the Mexican and American together, but we
 must always bear in mind that while England and France are separated by a narrow strait of salt water the masses of the people in both countries cherish the most elaborate misunderstanding of each other, and this has never been rectif1ed even when cultivated English men made Paris almost a second home. The senses of national unlikeness, the of a contempt for foreign ways" endures with remarkable vitali- ty among the majority, and it is the majority that makes up a nation, and gives it the aspect presented to the for eigner.-Mexican Herald.
The daily morning journal and courier., 1902-08-07
THE EARLIEST BOOKS.

A Greek book of the age of Pericles, or a Latin book of the age of Caesar, was very unlike the books to which we are accustomed nowadays, says writ CT in Harper's Magazine. The material on which it was written was papyrus, a fabric made out of the pith of the Egyptian water plant of that name. This gave a smooth and pleasant sur face for writing on with the soft reeds which were then in use; but, unfor- tunately, it was not tough enough to withstand the disintegrating influences of time. In every country but one the ordinary trials of books-use, neglect, damp, insects and the like-have caused their complete destruction. It is only in the wonderfully dry climate of Egypt that they have been able to resist these tendencies. During the last century. and increasingly during the last 25 years, researches in the buried cities and cemeteries of Egypt have yielded great quantities of manuscripts upon papyrus-mostly fragments, 1t is true, but yet sufficient to restore to us sev- eral works of ancient literature which had been supposed to be hope lessly lost, and to show us by actual examples dating as far back as the be- ginning of the third century, B. G., what an ancient book was like.
 In another and more noticeable re- spect than material ancient books dif- fered from modern. The papyrus was
The daily morning journal and courier., 1902-08-07
JOHN GILBERT & SON,
 Tel. 1893. o1s Chapel St

not cut up into leaves and bound into volumes, like modern book. but was manufactured in long rolls, which the reader unrolled as he progressed through the work he was reading. The length of these rolls might be anything up to about 30 feet, but rarely exceeded this limit; the height would normally be about g or 10 inches. A roll of these dimensions would contain, in moderate sized writing, an ordinary Greek play, or two books of the "Iliad";; but coll lected editions of an authors work were impossible, except in the form of great quantity of separate rolls. This fact goes far to explain why so many works by writers of the highest reputa- tion have failed to come down to us.
 The writing on a papyrus roll was di- vided into columns, the width of which was regulated by the length of the verses, if the work transcribed was in poetry, but in the case of prose works 1t rarely exceeded three inches.
 Papyrus continued to be the principal
 material in use for books of the best quality until the fourth century of our era; but about that time vellum, which had previously been employed mainly for inferior purposes, began to super. sede it, and thenceforward the best copies of books were written upon this much more durable material.