davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1902-02-08

Southern ports are becoming more
and more the competitors of the East
ern ports. The wheat and flour export
traffic OF New Orleans last year, for IN
stance, amounted to $27, 900, 900, an IN
crease of $4,000, 900 over the previous
year During the same period Calves
toms trade advanced from SO, 500, 900 to
So, 200, 600, in spite of that city ) great
disaster, and the two leading Pacific
coast ports increased from $50, 900
to S26, 900, 900 In the same period,
while the wheat export trade of Boston
and Baltimore increased, New York's
decreased So, 600, 900 and Philadelphia
S3,000,0 600
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1902-02-08

British shipbuiIders, despite the de-
cline in ocean freight rates, beat all
previous records in 1901, and, accordieg
to the Iron Age, still have an enormous
amount of tonnage under contract, so
that they Will be extremely busy during
the present year. They completed in
the past year 91O vessels of $3.50, 653
tons, or som 425, 900 tons more than in
1900 As many as go vessels of 100, 813
tons were built for expectation. Eng
land led with 1901 ,347 tons, while
Scotland built 554, 4nG tons and ireland
151 ,922 tons.
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1902-02-08

Queen Wilhelmina's weilmeant effort
to bring about an end of the war in
South Africa has come to nothing The
British Government Will entertain peace
proposals only if directly authorized by
the Beers, and the Beers declare that
they will not consider the idea of peace
except of independence So the
war is likely to go on. The number of
armed Beers in the field must be ridi-
culously small compared with the force
of 237, 800 British troops still in South
Africa But it has been shown many
times in history that handful of men,
fighting in their own land in defense of
home and liberty may defy an over
whelming force from generation to gen
Grafton It is quite conceivable that
the British will grow tired of the costly
war before the surviving Beers give up.
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1902-02-08

SGult Ste Marie, Ont Feb. T.
Frederick Shuttle was hanged here
today. One night in the first week Of
August last Shuttle returned home in
toxicated, and after a quarrel with
Mrs. Craig, a woman who passed as
his wife, he deliberately shot her. He
was arrested and after trial was found
guilty and sentenced to death.
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1902-02-08

There was time when the United
States senate was looked on as strict
y deIIberative body, but that time has
passed. Now it is not infrequently an
explosive and yituperatlye one, and on
some occasions lacks precious little of
being dlsreputable. It has really
changed very decidedly.
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1902-02-08
AaERICUs, Ca. FEB. s, 1902

The bill to increase the salaries of
the United States senators and con-
gresham, from $4,000 per year to ST..
500, was defeated in the senate, by a
vote of Al tolls.
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1902-02-08

The Montgomery Advertiser says that
the effort to increase the circulation of
the Congressional Record will never
succeed until they take to devoting a
few columns every day to bargain sales.
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1902-02-08

Prof VIM G Williams, instructor of
Greek at the Ohio Wesleyan Universe
ty, who died on February LIST, had the
distinction of being the oldest teacher
in the service of the Methodist church
in America.
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1902-02-08

The President is going to let Miss
Roosevelt attend the coronation of KING
Edward The President, in this matter,
is both wise and consiaerate. Very few
men in his position would hardly do
otherwise.
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1902-02-08
Killed wife and Attempted Suicide.

Topeka, Feb. because she was
about to secure a divorce from him
John Kay, an employee of Crosby's
flour mill, beat his wife to SAITH with
a fatiron last evening. He then at.
tempted to take his own life by hang
ing himself from a bridge near his
home. He was cut down before life
was extinct and revived.
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1902-02-08
TO CURE GRIP IN TWO DAYS

Laxative Bromo Quinine removes
the cause. E. w. Groves signature on
every box. Price % cents.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-01-14
HOSPITALS FOR CITIES.
A Bill to That Effect is to Be Fran.
ed.

A Bill to That Effect Is to Be Fran.
ed.
Oskaloosa, Jan. 13.-The medical
fraternity of Oskaloosa and Mahaska
county, irrespective of school or creed,
is engaged in movement looking to-
ward the establishment and mainten-
ance Of hospitals in cities of 5000 and
over. In conjunction with Senator
Blanchard bill will be framed and
introduced in the legislature, and a
united effort made to secure the pas
sage of law this winter that will
permit cities to levy tax of not to
exceed one mill per year for hospital
purposes. The need of such law has
been felt by all the larger cities of the
state. The Oskaloosa Woman's club
and others have been working for a
hospital for several years and they
now have fund of over $1,000 on
hand. Much more. than this could be
secured by public subscription. but as
a building suitable to the needs of the
community would cost in the neigh
borhood of $4,000 the consummation
of the plan is almost hopelessly in the
future
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-01-14
Preacher Arrested at Burling-
ton Was Ill.
HIS MIND UNBALANCED
Divine Who Defaced Burlington Rail-
road Coaches Turns Up in Wash
ington Hospital With No Recoliec-
tion of His Act Of Vandalism.

Burlington, Jan. 13.-The queer ac-
tion of Rev. w. II. Iliff, who was ar
rested in this city few weeks ago on
the charge of defacing Burlington rail
road coaches, the case against whom
was dismissed a few days later has
been explained by his presence in a
hospital in Washington, d. c., where
he is recovering from an attack of ner-
vous prostration. Rev. Iliff resides at
Hamilton, ILL.,, and has been doing
evangelistic work in Iowa. He slash
ed Burlington passenger coach in
the yards here with sharp pocket
knife, but denied the crime. Howev-
er, the matter was fixed up and Rev.
Iliff was released. 1t was nine days
wonder here
Found in Washington.
Washington, D. c., jan 13.-Dr. w.
H. Iliff, of Hamilton, H., the Metho-
dist evangelist who mysteriously dis
appeared about Christmas time, has
been located at the Sibley hospital in
this city, where he is rapidly recover
ing from nervous prostration and a
general breakdown due to overwork.
DR.. Iliff can give no connected ac-
count of his movements since Sunday,
Dec. %, when he preached at Malcolm,
Iowa. In fact, his recollections of the
sermon and surroundings are cloudy.
From Malcolm DIR. Iliff went to Bur
lington, having faint remembrance
of meeting friends on the train. He
believes he was with his family at
Hamilton on Christmas day, and has
dim impression of meeting some
friends in bank at Keokull, probably
on Dec. 26. He knows absolutely
nothing of his movements from the
time he reached Quincy until he re
covered consciousness at the Sibley
/ hospital.
For months DR.. Iliff has been con
stantly engaged in revival work, under
an enormous strain, preaching some
days three or more times. More than
a week before he lost consciousness
he suffered severe pains in the head
and the. attending physicians at the
Sibley Hospital, which is conducted
under the auspices, of the Methodist
church, say that his condition is clear
| ly due to a mental collapse produced
| by excessive work.
| DR.. Iliff has been engaged in church
work about twelve years. The physI
clans say that he will require severa
months absolute rest to fully recover
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-01-14
THREATEN ALL ROADS.
Machnists May Tie Up Lines of the
Nation.

Chicago, Jan. 13.-Railroads in ev-
cry part of the country are threatened
with serious trouble as the result of
the announcement of the intention C
the machinists employed in their
shops to strike this spring. Prepara-
tions for the strike are we'll under
way at the present time, and unless
the companies agree to the terms de-
manded by the members of the union
the prospect is that the repair shops
will be tied up. Announcement of the
intention Of the machinists employed
by the transportation companies was
made yesterday by Vice President Con-
Ion of Washington.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-01-14
Appropriation for Support Of
the Nations Defenders is
Much Less.
WILL BE OVER 5,50O,O00
Is Explained by Fact That Arrearages
Are Less and That the Big Pensions
Are Decreasing-senator Mason
viii Talk on Cuba,

Washington, d. c., Jan. 10
AT the conclusion of District of Col
umbia business in the house the PEN
sion appropriation bill was taken up.
Daibrney of Wisconsin in charge of
the bill said the reason for The de-
crease of S5,50O,OOo in pensions while
the number of pensioners is larger. is
accounted for by The fact that arrear-
ages We're decreasing. The number of
large pensions, those from $50 to SIS
per month are also decreasing. He
stated the commissioner of pensions
believed the high tide of pension pay
ments had been reached and that the
amount required probably would re-
main stationary for somes years.
Bell, OF Colorado, made speech de-
nouncing pension sharks" He said
many soldiers returning from the
Philippines discharged in perfectly
sound condition, were being induced
to apply for pensions by these attor-
tneys. He made a strong peal Tor JUS
tlce to the soldiers, not only OF the re-
bellion, but Of the Spanish war, con-
tending that to secure justice for de-
serving veterans pensions to the un-
worthy should be opposed.
Grosyenor, CT Ohio, assailed the re.
port of the committee of the Grand
Army OF last GUNNER which made
certain congressman, himself among
them, Responsible for the failure to
pass the -Prel-Eeface Pension bill. He
said the report was unjust, unfair and
tuntruthful.
Senate.
| Washington, Jan.13.-When the SEN
Iate met today Mason gave notice that
tomorrow he would address the Sen
Eate in reference to Cuban customs and
duties, bill and resolution relating to
which was introduced by him today.
| The Senate resolution by Pale. pro-
viding for the printing of number of
copies of the report of the Schley
court of inquiry was referred to the
committee on printing. On motion
CT Nelson the bill creating a depart-
ment of commerce was taken UP. At
ter some discussion the commerce bill
went over and at AS the Senate
went into executive session.
Want Philippines Probed.
| Hoar, in the Senate today, intro
duced resolution providing for the
appointment of a committee of seven
senators to examine into the condition
Of the war in the Philippines, the ad-
miaistration Of the government there
and the condition and character of The
inhabitants, said committee to have
power to send for persons and papers
4 to administer oaths and sit during ses-
sions of the Senate.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-01-14
SHOCK PROVES SEVERE.
Young Lady Loses Her Reason as a
Result of Exposure.

Oskaloosa, Jan. .13.-Miss Lizzie Hut
Crimson Of near Indianapolis, who
walked out into the cold winter night
with only her night clothing for pro-
lection, supposedly in her sleep, has
for the insane and has been taken to
Mt. Pleasant for treatment. 1t is
thought that the condition was caused
by the shock of awakening from her
somnambulistic state and finding her
condition and being in a strange place
Her mind is completely unbalanced.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-01-14
FIX DATE FOR MERGER CASE.
State of Minnesota's Motion to File
Bill to Be Heard.

Washington, Jan. 13.-In the United
States supreme court Justice Fuller
announced today that argument upon
the application of the state of Mime
sofa for leave to file bill of com
plant against the Northern Securities
Co., bearing upon the consolidation of
the Northern Pacific railroad COM
pany with other railroad companies
would be heard January 81. The chief
justice also issued an order requiring
that notice of the application should
be given to the Securities company.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-01-14
GAS TRUST FACES FIGHT.
Illinois Company Is Formed With ST.
100000 Capital.

Chicago, Jan. 13-War is to be de-
clared on the glass trust" by newly
organized Chicago corporation called
the Great Western Glass company Its
Incorporation papers, issued on Satur-
day at Springfield, call for capitaliza-
ton Of S1,000,000, all of which is said
to have been taken by local and west
ern men. The headquarters will be
in this city, its plants within the bord-
ers of the state, work on the erection
of which will begin within four weeks.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-01-14
FEARED HIS LOVE LETTERS.
This Causes An English Duke to Set
tie the Case.

London, Jan. 13.-The breach of
promise suit brought by Miss Portia
Knight the American actress, against
the Duke of Manchester. was settled
out of court, the duke paying Miss
Knight $1,000 and defraying the
costs of the legal proceedings. The
lawyers in the case say nothing in the
nature of grave scandal would have
developed had the. suit come to trial
but unpleasant notoriety would have
attended the reading of the love let
ters, etc.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-01-14
GIVE TO THE M'kINLEY FUND.
of Homestead Contrib
ute $4,000 for Memorial.

Pittsburg, Pa, Jan. 13.-Ten thous-
and dollards was contributed to the ma
tional fund for a Mckinley memorial
by the workingmen of Homestead. 1t
was one of the largest amounts for
this purpose that has been raised in
western Pennsylvania and the amount,
together with the names of those who
donated to the cause will be forward
ed to the headquarters of the McKin-
ley memorial commission in Washing
ton early this week.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-01-14
TRUST TO MAKE TOOLS.
Big Combination Formed and Mort
GAGE Is Given,

gage Is Given.
Cleveland, Jan. 13.-The Chicago
Pneumatic Tool Co. today filed deed
OF trust in. the county recorders Office
to secure the payment of a $2,500,00
issue of twenty-year first mortgage
bonds. This is the last step in the for
nation of the big pneumatic tool trust.
Included in the concern are the plants
OF the Boyer Machine Co., of Detroit;
the Olney Metal Co., of Philadelphia;
the Chisholm G Moore Manufacturing
Co., of Cleveland; the Franklin Air
Compressor Co., of Franklin, Pa; and
the Taite-Howard Pneumatic Tool Co.,
of London, England.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-01-14
EXPENSIVE BLAZE IN ST. LOUIS.
Meier China Company Loses Building
and Stock Valued at $4,000.

St Louis, Jan. ia fire Of myste-
rious origin caused damage estimated
at S130,0o0 in the building at Sill and
513 North Main street. occupied by the
q. G. w. Meier China and Glass COM
pany. The building, four-story brick
structure valued at $3,O0O,O00, was gut
ted. President Meier stated that $780,
600 insurance was carried on the
stock, which was valued at 100000.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-01-14
DEATHS HAND is STAYED.
Ex-lowa Congressman Reads His Own
Obituary Notice.

West Union, Jan. 11.-Ex- Congress
man L. L. Ainsworth of this city is on
the road to recovery from serious i'll
ness. At one time it was thought he
was dying and the news of his sup
posed demise was spread broadcast
many newspapers in this section print
ing extended obituaries.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-01-14
MRS. DENNIS TALKS.
Washington Woman Who Was Nearly
Murdered Tells story.

Washington, Jan. 13.-Mrs. Ada Gil
bert Dennis. the dressmaker who was
murderously assaulted on the night Of
December by unknown persons and
who has been unconscious nearly all
the time since, is able for the first time
to make a statement. She says she
has not the remotest idea who COM
mitted the deed nor the motive that
prompted it, Mrs. Dennis condition
is greatly improved and it is believed
that she will recover.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-01-14
FAMILY BURNED TO DEATH.
Seven Persons Perish in Fire at Buff
falo, N. Y.

Buffalo, N. Y, jan 13.-Henry
Pearlsteia, his wife and five children,
ranging in age from 1N to II years,
were burned to death in a fire that de-
stroyed two-story frame building
Joseph Supowsli, who owned the
and Karl Bracki, his brother
in-law, have been arrested pending an
investigation. SupowskI carried an
insurance of $4,000 on the building and
its contents
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-01-14
sUsTAlNs ElGHT-HoUR LAW.
Supreme Court of Kansas Renders an
Important Decision.

Topeka, Kan, Jan. 13.-The state
supreme court has handed down de-
cision sustaining the eight-hour law
The decision was by Justice Smith
and was in the case of w. w. Atkin of
Kansas City, Kan, who in filling a
street-paving contract for the city had
worked his men more than eight hours
day He was convicted in the dis
trict court of violating the law and ap-
pealei.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-01-14
NEWS OF THE RAILWAYS.
Dehenture Bonds of Atchison Road Are
Sold.

New York, Jan. 13.---Official admis-
sion is made that the new Atchison
bond issue has been sold to j. P. Nor
gan & Co. The bonds are per cent
debentures of $2,500,000, to be retired
annually. They will reimburse the
treasury for payments for the Santa
Fe. Fort Scott and Prescott, the Gulf,
Beaumont and Kansas City and the Pc
cos Valley and Southeastern roads and
provide funds for new equipment.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-01-14
But Little Injured.
LOSES HAND IN SHREDDER.
Abingdon Man Is the Victim of Unfor.
tunate Accident.

Abingdon, Jan 11-(speciaD Pat"
Maloney met with quite serious ac-
cident Friday. While engaged in
feeding a steam corn shredder his hand
was caught in the machine and crush
ed so badly that amputation was nee
essary. Drs. King and Moorman were
the attending physicians The young
man is but stranger here, but he has
the sympathy of the community in his
misfortune.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-01-14
BOYCOTT ST. LOUIS FAIR.
Trades and Labor Council Begins
Fiuht for Unionism.

st. Louis, Mo-, Jan. ia boycott
was placed on the Worlds Fair yester-
day afternoon by the Central Trades
and Labor union. Resolutions were
reported by committee consisting of
different representative in the central
body and were adopted without dis
senting vote. 1t is claimed the direct
ors have shown themselves opposed to
organized labor in any form.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-01-14
WOMAN RoAsTs TO DEATH.
Mrs. Lena christeI Killed and Son
Held for the Deed

Marinette, Wis, Jan. 13.-Mrs. Le-
ma Christel, aged 70 years, was roast
ed to death in her home here. Her
body was found in her room. and Mar
tin Christel, her son, is --et, in jail to
await an investigation.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-01-14
CHURCH BURNS DURING MASS.

Congregation at Alton, ILL.,, is Panic
Stricken But No One Injured.
Alton. ILL.,. Jan. 13.-7St Paurs and
StPeter's Roman Catholic church was
damaged by fire to the extent of ST.
600 Sunday morning. The fire broke
out in the midst Of high mass, causing
a panic among the congregation, but
all escaped wilnout injury The fine
appointments of the church, among
them several valuable statues, were
destroyed by fire and water.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-01-14
PALMER TO FACE AccusERs.
Alleged Fraudulent Banker to Be Re-
turned to Illinois.

Springfield, Ill, Jan. 13.--Gov. Yates
today issued requisition fer the ex-
tradition of Edmond Palmer of the
banking firm Of Palmer & Myer. of
Chicago, charged with larceny BY con
yerting to his own use draft of $4,000.
the property Of John Nj. Speer, with
out the consent of the owner. Palmer
is under arrest in Pittsburg.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-01-14
Two Women Murderously
Assaulted by Husbands.
LATTER WILL ALSO DIE
Boiler Maker Unmoved by Spouse's
PIeadinas for Her Life-Finishes
Job by Cutting His Own Throat-A
Second Domestic Tragedy.

Madison, Wis, Jan. 13.-Benjamin
C. Keig, a boiler maker today killed
his wife and then cut his own throat
at his home Kreig is still alive
but will die. Passersby heard quar-
rel and the wife entreating her hus-
band not to kill her An hour later
the tragedy was discovered.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-01-14
Second Attempt.

New Richmond, Wis, Jan. 13.-J.
flour mill at Burkhardt, fifteen miles
south of here, shot his wife and then
himself last night Both are alive, but
their condition is very critical. Do
meslic troubles are said to be at the
bottom of the trouble.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-01-14
CLASH NOT SERIOUS.
Fight Between Russians and Ameri-
cans Just a BraW.

Washington, Jan. 13.-Secretary
Long received the following cable.
gram today from Commander Barry
of the gunboat Vicksburg in answer to
the departments inquiry regarding
the recently reported clash at Much,
wang between the sailors of the Vicks,
burg and the Russian soldiers:
Wing Kan, Jan. 13-Nothing seri
Gus; the crew orderly
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-01-14
CATHOLICS WAR ON SALOONS.
Archbishop keane Announces Partici.
patton in Dubuque Election.

Dubuque, Jan. 13.-In a sermon here
yesterday, Archbishop keane broadly
intimated that the Catholic clergy
would take an active part in the com
ing municipal election in an open fight
against saloons.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-01-14
INCREASE IN IOWA FUNDS.
Deposits in State and Savings Banks
Amount to $121,So0oOo.

Des Moines, Jan. 13-Auditor of
State Merriam has issued statement
to the effect that the deposits in the
state and savings banks of Iowa have
increased 81, 100000, up to S121, 800, 900
between June so and December 10, of
1901.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-01-14
CROKER LEAVES TAMMANY HALL
Retires From Formal Leadership of
the Organization.

New York, Jan. 13.-Richard Croker
announces his retirement from the for
NAL leadership of Tammany Hail. The
announcement was made at meeting
OF the executive committee at which
the plan of organization for the year
was agreed upon. Lewis Nixon was
chosen Croker's successor as chairman
Of the finance committee. This posi-
ton, by long usage carries with it the
leadership of the organization.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-01-14
MISS STONE STILL A CAPTIVE.
Negotiations With the Rrigands Have
Not Vet Been Opened,

London, Jan. 13-The Constantinople
correspondent of the Daily Nal says
that negotiations with the brigands
for the release of Miss Stone, the alb
Quoted American missionary, have not
yet been opened. w. w. Peet, treas
urer of the American Bible house at
Constantinople, and Dragoman Gargiu-
10 are instructed to negotiate only with
bearers OF letters from Miss Stone.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-01-14
NASH TAKES SEAT.
Is lnaugurated Governor of Ohio for
Second Time.

Columbus, o., Jan. 13.-At noon to-
day George Kilhon Nash was inaugu-
;. for the second time governor Of
9uo. The capitol building was ap-
e priately decorated, and the rotunda
5 filled with the high officials and
- izens OF the state at large. After
8 King the oath of Office Governor Nash
5 ade brief inaugural address. After
ncheon there was big parade of mi
tia and political marching clubs.