davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1902-04-12
NO DOUBT OF INSANITY OF ANIMALS
That Have the Same Afaiotior
~ the Human Race.

SPecAos Anet naVo tue oamo AhActAOp
~ the Human Race.
Animals go crazy just like human.
beings" said an observant citizen.
and I have seer some rather curious
instances in my time. 1 have often
wondered why some man who makes
a special study of animal psychology
hasn't taken the subject up. Really
here is a good field for some scientist
who is fond of specializing on such
subjects. I recall the case of a horse
of insanity. The horse was moody.
He was a fine animal, almost perfect
physically, and went all the gaits. He
was one of the best buggy horses l
ever saw, and could trot a mile in a
jiffy. About once a month he would
get into an unhappy mood. There was
no doing anything with him. He would
not obey any of the usual commands.
He was simply wild. He would run
away in a minute. One day his owner
and a friend went out for a drive. 1t
was one of the bad days with the horse.
It was one of his crazy days. He be-
came unmanageable and ran away.
The owner was badly bruised and his
friend was killed. The horse was bad
ly crippled by running off of a bridge.
He was SO badly hurt that he was not
Of much good afterward. He was I'M
~questionably crazy. I have seen other
animals display the same weakness. /
have cen crazy cats, crazy dogs, crazy
COWS and crazy animals Of various
kinds. and 1t seems to me that there is
a good field here for some man who
takes an interest in such matters
New Orleans Times-Democrat.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1902-04-12
PAINTINGS SOLD ~ MEASURE.
Disposed OF London ut from 80 Cents
70 81.26 Per Inch.

OF AUuuVA ~
I o1.sB Per Inoh.
Is the American spirit of CONNER
cialism invading even the English
market for artistic wares? A poets
recent advertisement In the London
Daily News, seeking q speculative pub
Usher for a translucent, attractive,
and apothegmatic lyric" had already
aroused some comment, and now they
appear to be selling the paintings o.
the leading contemporary artists BY
the square inch. The announcement
q a sale at Christie's says. that q
painting BY the late 7. IS. Cooper, en-,
titled sheep 5shearing,.San easur
Ing 48 by ~ inches. was sold for olV
guinaeas. while another representing
six Cows On the Bank Of = Rive.
and measuring - by 81 inches, paint
ed / 1877. brought 400 guineas.
This II interesting. Il seems e 2
fdicate that good painting worth
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1902-04-12
FARM AND GARDEN.
MATTERS OF INTEREST TO A0Ri.
CuLTURiSTs.
Some up-to-Dat. Hints Abou. Cuulti.
walton Of the Soil and Yields
Observation-Disclosures. yiticulture and
Eloriculturo,
Market Apple, 10 New Enrhapd.

Market Apples In New England.
Some interesting statistics regarding
the apple business in New England
are supplied by Prof. F. a. Waugh,
horticulturist Of the Vermont Experi-
ment station. showing in a remarkable
way the popularity of certain varie-
ties. .t
The Baldwin apple, for example, has
been a prime, favorite in the New Eng
land states, and especially in Massa-
chusetts, but its vogue seems to be
giving way somewhat before the5mer-
its of other varieties. The foHcwing
figures show the percentage ofaBald-
win trees in the orchards reported. The
first column gives the. percentage of
bearing trees which are Baldwins, and
the second column shows in percens-
ages the proportion Of Baldwins among
- - h~n~ |.ry#fEL L.ll.Etr.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1902-04-12
Cerea,s In Kentucky.

Andrew A. soule, Of Kentucky, says:
There is a degree Of difference in the
hardihood Of the various winter cere-
ais which is not generally recognized.
Rye and wheat are more generally and
successfully cultivated than any of
the other cereals because Of this fact.
Winter oats and barley are more dell
cate in nature and that probably ac-
counts for the Indifferent success met
with in their culture on the farm.
While these crops may succeed when
sown quite late in the season, it is
very important that they be seeded
early-from the first to the middle Of
September. It is true that they often
succeed sown as late as the middle of
October, but the chances of failure are
greatly enhanced by late seeding. and
the loss of the seed and the crop to-
gether is too great a risk to incur. II
winter rye is desired for a fall and
winter pasture, it is necessary that It
be sown from the middle of August
to the middle Of September. It can
often be sown in the corn field after
the last cultivation and as it makes a
quick and vigorous growth, furnishes
an excellent pasture from October UNI
til Christmas, or through the entire
winter IL the season is mild.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1902-04-12
Ll.tinr Corn.

EfA4 V Lifting Corn.
Listing corn is q practice that has
grown UP mainly nrthe last ten years.
It Is Of little value in the humid states,
but has proved serviceabls in the semi
arid regions, especially whore the
lands are light. IN Kansas and Ne
braska are sections where the soil dries!
out very quickly after blowing. The
heavy anh continuous winds blow the.
soil after 1t is dry, and when rain
does not come Immediately after the
seed Is sown, the seed d not infre-S
quently blown away with the .topmost
layers Of dirt. This led TO the eyolu-
ton 81 the practice 81 listing. Listing
III to place the seed In the roll without
IL general blowing. The top soil q; left
uuln,disturbed for the most part, ands the
high Winds are unables.$to blow The
soil saway,sas Il Is packed solid from;
The rains 5of the previous season. a
lister isia pillow TINT turns the soils both
wkays and deposits the seedScorn inl the
SfarrowS behind II. allowing the dirt q!
tall 1.-THE same time over the dropped!
SEED. III use must depend on the cons
sjdition,s,i under which Tie farmer exists.
with farm on heavy clay soil the
lister swgiillsbe found of no value. List
ing 3is lpgr1asctticsed very litttee il the states
mot subject toH high hot SWindsssnd1 IA
the dryinllg. out 81 the soil alfterEplow-
ing.a8as% S#s @49s}lHt @mAGs@s
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1902-04-12
a.t,o,., Pruning Of vines.

AEa2ElHEZF 08ttOAD = ~ tS|.ESAN=-EE1hH
The Experiment Station Record thus
reports q paper read before the Acad-
semy Of Sciences at Paris: The~author.
F. Kovessi, holds that the ripeness Oh
the wood materially influences the pro-.
duction Of fruit the following season:
This is true not only Of vines Dut OF
fruit trees. The influence of ripeness
Is felt in two ways: It modi1es the
ripeness. and the position Of The 1ruit
buds and also the number OF Irults.
With well-ripened wood the fruit Duds
begin close to the base Of the shoot
on which they are borne, say the tnlto
bud, while on shoots of poorly-matureu
wood the fruit buds commence to form
only with the fifth bud. Besides the
shoots in the first case will carry TWO
OF three branches, while in he's second
there will be only one. The produc-
ton of a fruit crop, therefore, Is SUD
ject to the influence of the meteorologi-
cal conditions Of two seasons: me
year preceding, which determines the
degree Of ripeness of the shooIs' anu
thus the position and number OF
punches, and that of the same year,
which affects %forization, fr~uctihcatlon.
and the maturing of the crop. An e1-
animation Of the weather record
Of vintage production over long perioas
of time showed that dry years, wnlcn
permit Of the thorough ripening OF the
wood, are usually followed by abun-
dant ~harvests, while wet years, wnlcn
favor a. late, immature growth of wood,
are followed by small harvests.
These facts are susceptible OF prac-
tical application, and furnish a ration
al basis for the pruning of different
varieties in different localities. II me
season has been such that the vines
are well matured, pruning should be
short II the season has been rainy
and conducive to the production OF
poorly-matured shoots, the pruning
should be longer than otherwise.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1902-04-12

The percentage Of Baldwins is not
ably reduced in Massachusetts, which
has been the principal New England
producer Of this variety. In Vermont
the. proportion of Baldwins Is greater
among newly planted trees than in old
orchards; but this has little signla-
canoe. since Baldwin has eve been a
leading variety in Vermont.
Rhode Island Greening, another New
England favorite. does not make the
showing that might be expected. The
figures are as follows:
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1902-04-12

These figures show that Northern
Spy is holding its own. or perhaps
gaining a little, in Northern New Eng
;I6kd; but that it has been. discarded
Ill Massachusetts, Connecticut and
Rhode Island. r
When compared with these three
standard New England varieties, the
figures for Ben Davis are particularly
Instructive. They follow:
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1902-04-12

In other words, Ben Davis outnum-
bers all the varieties previously named
In the recent orchard paintings Of
nearly every state. In Maine and Yer
mont the drift toward Ben Davis is es.
pecially pronounced; while even IN
Massachusetts,. tits rapidly gaining on
Baldwin.
These figures are made up from re-
ports secured from several hundred of
the leading apple growers In the states
named. While It would be too much to
claim that they prove any particular
proposition, they certainly indicate
some important changes In the apple
growing business Of New England.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1902-04-12
SOM. Point. on swine Raising.

Some Points on Swine Raising.
How many hogs should a farmer
keep on his farm? AS many as he
AN handle probably. This is regu-
lated to some extent by the amount
Of hired help available. It will also
be governed by the facilities for feed
ing and caring for the animals. On
some farms the arrangements are such
that much labor Is wasted. On others
the labor is reduced to a minimum
because a good system has been fig
ured out. What this system is must
depend on the individual farm and
the individual a Sometimes the
food 10 all prepared in one place and
distributed. not by q man carrying .
pail Of swill at a time, but by some
movable box OF large tank running
on q track. Everything must be re-
duced as near to the automatic as
possible. Every reduction Of this kind
increases the number Of animals that
may be looked after and SO increases
the profits.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1902-04-12
- jose yesls 6 OhiA

THE San jose scale has wErouEht
giEIlrsat havoc In the orchards Sof Ohio.
and it has been necessary to- dig IN
md burn thousands 81 infected trees.
Next seasons fruit crop will is short
i consequence. sS &$s5s a. n
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1902-04-12
must. be earned 81. careful watchful-

must. be earned BY careful watchful-
ness !. plum orchards are not to
be thought Of" Nevertheless, extern
ssive plum orchards are now frufting in
many parts Of North America,--on the
Pacific coast, in Texas. Iowa, New
York, Ontario. Many more are being
planted. The plum is also q garden
tree, and peculiarly suited to the small.
home fruit garden, either on the city
lot or in the farmyard. Plum trees In.
the garden, however, demand precise
ly the same treatment that they do in
large orchards.
Plums will not grow on solid rock.
but they will succeed on any kind of
soil. Professor Bailey has remarked
that, next to the apple, the European
plum, Prunus domestica, has probably
the most generalized adaptability to all
sorts Of soils Of any known tree. Then
when we take into account the jap
anese plums and all the various Amer.
lean species with their wide diversi-
tiessof adaptation. we have a selection
Of plants to cover the whole range of
soils. 5
The Domestica and Damson plums
are generally said to- grow best on
rather heavy clay loan; at least they
do not do their best on light, sandy
soils. a heavy clay loan need not
be wet and cold; and II it is we'll
drained and comparatively warm, 1t
forms an ideal soil for the European
races Of plums. The Japanese prefer
rather lighter soils.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1902-04-12

It will be seen that Rhode Island
Greening has been practically ignored
in the planting of young orchards,
even in Rhode Island.
The figures for Northern Spy are as
fn110wa. 4. A .T.7A .-r t%F 4rE - ~ .
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1902-04-12
Agricultural Nots.

Broom corn Is q cash CROP and,
like other cash crops. has its favorable
and unfavorable features. It's .cultiva-
ton on a very large scale is seldom
successful, but II properly handled on a
small scale, say from fifteen to. twenty-
five acres for the average farmer, and
especially on new land where the va.
riety Of sure crops is' limited, it will
prove, to be % paying as almost any
crop that can be raised. Oklahoma
has early seasons and can market the
brush early IN the season, when the
highest price Is usually paid, and for
that and other reasons should easily!
become . great source Of the nations
supply OF broom corn.
After : long time drains sometimes
get out of place through subsidence Of
the ground. II not attended to the
injury slowly increases, and 1T length
an extremely damp state Of ground rs
produced. The only remedy IL such
q case KS 70 digup the old drains. and
start anew. SSs 81
water, n passing; through the soil
$to the drains; dissolves out ssnall
amounts OF mineral salts ana pulahtt
food, witch it carries aWay.ss me
greater tho absor1p,tiiyes powsser u the
aslouilll, the Lens Ill "a the 2amount thus
lost. Hull #Ss.N s.gs Sg% NJ
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1902-04-12
Campbell Method of Sol, culture.

Campbell Method of Soil Culture.
A few years ago the Campbell meth
cd of corn culture made quite 9 stir
in the country, and it was claimed that
a revolution in soil tillage was immi-
nent. The method was tried quite ex-
tensively in different states and at tho
experiment station. Interest in It
waned and gradually it dropped out OF
sight. Recently, however, the writer
in talking with Professor Cottrell OF
the Kansas Experiment Station
learned that the Campbell method IS
still in use there and is giving excel
lent results. Especially was this true
last year when the drouth vas SO ex-
tensive that it annihilated crops grown
by other methods. The Campbell meth
cd necessitates the use Of a disked
roller. on the soil, the disks sinking
into the ground and packing the soil
some inches below the surface, but
leaving the top of the soil in a state
Of looseness that serves as a dust
mulch. The theory is that the dust
mulch on top and the packed soil be-
low tend to hold the moisture and to
give it of only by way of the plant
roots. Professor Cottrell says that un-
der this system it has been found pos
sible to raise crops with much less
than the average rainfall even in Kan
sas. The Kansas station is located on
hills and much of the surface soil is
$50 feet above water. It will be see
then that 1t is very necessary to con-
serve all the water that comes in the
way Of rain, since no form of irrigating
is possible.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1902-04-12

5&5Isn q a Gls.XWSM3 .gsjsS3sW
Hcok-.gtllicus sSsIlks sste1s
-IHulny, asE D
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1902-04-12

& Y s1ts Z dll ~
}sd lullpIIsEjnolnll acclnIlnlss,cs harlsds
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1902-07-06

pa'apers 'Th' followin' facts is stated
on tn authority iv wan iv tn attindin'
surgeons: Cap Dooley cut up terribly
undher tn chloryforTn, singin' songs,
swearin' an askin' FIR Lucy. His wife,
name is Annamariar She was in tn
admin room. 1t seems they have had
throuble TIL room was poorly fur
nshed. Tn Caps clothes was much
worn as was most iv him. He must
have led a shockin' life. 1t is doubtful
if he will liver raycover FIR he is very,
very old. He has been concealtn his
age FIR nanny years. He is a notory-
Gus prot1igate as was we'll shown be
tn view we had. TIL fash light pitch
er iv the Cap will appeal to all who
know his inner histhry
AN there We ar-re. Think iv
man comm out in tn light iv day
afther all that. He can't get on clothes
enough to cover him. He may bear
himself with naughty manner, but
he feels that ivry man he meets
knows more about him thin he knows
himsilf The fellow on tn sthreet has
been within tn walls. He's sayin' to
himsilf: 'Ye're a hollow sham COM
posed akelly iv impaired organs an
antiseptic gauze' To the end iv his
life, he'll niver be anything more
thin an annytomical chart to his
frinds His privacy is over f'river,
FIR what good can it do annywan,
Hinnissy, to pull down tn blinds iv
his bed room if ivrybody knows ex-
actly tn size, shape an location iv his
spleen?
mo, sir. if I've got to be sick, give
me tn ordhn'ry dacencies iv poverty.
l don't want amy man to know amy
more about me thin he can larn firm
tn handiwork iv Marks, tn tailor an
Schmitt tn shoemaker, an firm tn
deceitful expression iv me face. If /
have a bad heart, let him know it be
me eyes On me vest is written: Thus
far an no farther Theyse NANNY a
man on intimate terms with tn I'M
pror iv Rooshya that don't know amy
more about me thin that I'm broad
cloth on Sundah an serge on week
days. An / don't intend they shall. l
hide behind tn privileges iv me posi-
ton an say: Fellow Citizens, Docks
an Journalists: l cannot inthrajooce
We to tn Inner Man. He's a reecloose
an avarse to s'ciety. He's modest an
shy an objects to callers. Ye can
guess what kind iv man l am, but l
wudden't have We know. An 1 can
do that as long as l stay poor.
I'm glad I'm poor said Mr.. Hen
Messy.
TT gives We less to talk about, but
more to think about, said Mr..
Dooley.
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1902-07-06
-Ss---
MAINE CROWS CANNOT COUNT.
Not Higher Than in Men, That Is;
In Women, Only to 3.
From the New York Sun.


Orono. Me, June 27.-Careful expert
ments conducted for many years have
proved that three women will scare a
Maine crow as much as seven men.
The man who proved this fact to the
satisfaction of his neighbors and the
the world was Cap'n John Odon, who
was keeper of Fort Point light under
the Buchanan administration.
AS it was impossible for a man to
live and support family on salary
of $40 a year, the captain planted a
wide area OF corn back from the light
house. As soon as the blades were
above ground the crows laid claim to
the lot So Cap'n Odom built a brush
camp in the middle of his field, and for
a long time studied the ways of crows.
hoping thereby to help himself and
other men who were afflicted by crows.
The first morning at daylight two
men went to the camp. After half an
hour one Of them came away. The
crows had watched the going and COM
ing. and though they could not see the
man in the brush camp they knew he
was there So long as ne remained not
a bird alighted near the corn. On the
following morning three men entered
the camp, two coming out and going
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1902-07-06

We'll, sir" said Mr.. Dooley, I'VE
ought to be glad ye're not sick an il
lusthrees at tn same time"
"Hows that?" Mr.. Hennessy de-
handed.
Well We see,' said Mr. Dooley,
suppose anything happens to We
now; a fellow counthryman dhrops
hammer on We tn day afther tn pic
mic or yeer digestion listens to a
walkin' dillygate firm tn Union iv
Mickrobes an goes out on sthrike. Tn
polisman on tn corner has " usual
suspicious among gintlemen an hits
We over tn head an calls tn wagon
an sinds We home. TIL good woman
wrings her hands an calls Hiven to
witness that if We have a toothache We
wake tn neighborhood, an slaps a
mustard plasther on We. If she comes
back later an finds We haven't put tn
sheet between ye an tn plasther an
gone to sleep, she knows it's seeryous
an sinds FIR tn doctor. We continyoo
to have doctors in what tn pa'apers
calls tn outlyin' wards. They live
above tn dhrug- store an practice mid
icine on US. TIL physicians an sur
geons are all down town edith tn pa
apers. Well, dock comes to We afther
awhile in a buggy. On tn way up
he sets a broken leg, removes an arm,
dies a little something FIR tn city di-
recthry, takes a dhrink. talks polly
ticks with tn unhappy parent an
hn'lly lands at ye'er dur~ with tn
burglars tools. Afther he's closed~that
dure tn secrets iv tn inner man is
known on'y to him. No wan hears or
70 a Nh
mex time we see We, We come out look
in pale an emacyated an much young
er an betther lookin' thin annywan
liver raymimbers seem ye, an afther
awhile We obsarve that whin We start
to tell how many stitches it took an
what We see whin We smelled tn dizzy
sponge, ye'er frinds begin to sprint
away An yet go back reluctantly to
Wurruk. Ye niver hear annywan say:
,Htnnissy is great comp'ny whin he
begins to talk about his sickness I've
seen men turn firm a poor, helpless
enthusyastic invalid to listen to man
talkin' about tn Nicaragooan canal.
But with tn great tbs FAC diff
I've often thanked tn Lord that
didn't continyoo in pollytics whin l was
cap'n iv me precinct FIR with tn eyes
" all tn wurruId focused, as Hogan
says, on me. I cud niver injye tn
pleasure iv a moments sickness with
out people in far-off Boolgahrya know
IN whether me liver was on straight
sickness is wan iv tn privileges iv tn
poor man that he shares with no wan
Win it comes kindly to him, tn foul
walls iv his room closes in on him like
tent, folks goes by on tn other side
" tn sthreet, tn rollin' mill disap
pears, an with tn mornin' comes M
honest days tile. He lies there il
nlessid idleness an no matther what
IN matther with him, he don't suffel
half as much pain as he wud in pur
SCOT iv two dollars a day. 1 knoweC
man wanst who used to take hi
vacations that way. Whin others win
on FIR to hunt what Hogan calls tn
Hhny monsther's iv tn deep, he become
seriously i'll an took to bed. 1T mad
MIN very sthrong.
But suppose I hadn't resigned firm
cap'n iv me precinct whin l was de
!eated. II anything had happened
% me, ye'd pick up tn pa-apers an
see; 'Seeryous news about tn CapIn il
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1902-07-06

ss.-Castleton-"I have been
making some big improvements in my
library" Clubberly-"What have you
been doing?' "Oh. giving away lot
Of books."-Detroit Free Press.
Emmons County record. [volume] (Williamsport, D.T. [i.e. N.D.]) 1884-current, 1902-03-14

AS AN example Of the power possessed
by the organized prohibitionists as
against the unorganized opposition,
take Johnny Cowan, now on the
bench as district Judge. Johnny WAS
always "one Of the boys" Whenever
republican state conRentions met at.
Fargo, John could frequently be seen,
between sessions, with "the boys" On
the other side of the bridge, comfurt-
ably slowed away in a big. chair, with
glass Of beer before him, and Johnny
Haas smiling sweetlynpon him. One
would suppose that as judge Mr.
Cowan would be disposed to temper
justice with mercy to those who fur
.nish bug-juice to his dld-time friends.
But johnny fears the organized prohi-
bitionists, and believes he can satisfy
.'the boys'' with u wink and grin.
Instead Of being merclful to violators,
he out-Herods Herda Pollock, him.
self. The prohibby Jaw is great
graft for iim-crow politicians who be-
lieve it to be to their Interest to pose
aS saints.