Santa Fe new Mexican. [volume] (Santa Fe, N.M.) 1898-1951, 1902-05-27
ROOSEVELT WILL
VISIT SAN ANTONIO
Hs Has Taken Favorable Action on an Invita-
iion to Attend the Fair in
October.
A LETTER FROM CORTELYOU
1t Says That tho President Will CsrtaIny Visit The
Great Southwest In the Fall Of THIS Yoar II Mat-
ters Can Do Arrangsd-Ae Should 30 In.
vltsd 10 Visit New Mexico Thsn

~ v|tsd 10 Visit New Mexico Then.
H.
p San Antonio, Texas, May 27.-In a.
f. swer to the invitation extended
o. President Roosevelt to attend the So
le Antonio fair in October, Presidel
d Brown of the Fair association, is in r,
e. ceipt of letter from Secretary Corte
,e you, stating that the president will Gel
If tainly visit San Antonio during tn
J. fair, if he can so arrange matters as t
70 make 1t convenient to do so.
: NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS.
their sales of these articles in 1899 hav
ing amounted to $1,000.
+ The Pueblo reserves, 10 in number
$ are widely scattered throughout tn
: northern central part of New Mexico
in Bernalillo, Rio Arriba, Santa Fe
: Valencia, and Taos counties, most o
| them lying along the Rio Grande or 1T
i. tributaries Strictly speaking, they
are not reservations, being grants O.
the Spanish government. confirmed by
United States patents. Exclusive OF
Zuni which is reported separately
their total area is 10S1 square miles
and their total population, 6s602. The
lpeople live in adobe and stone houses
from two to five stories in height
which are collected in close, compact
Villages, or pueblos. usually located in
the midst of their farm lands. They
are peaceable and Industrious, devoting
fields of growing crops. The Pueblos
are also noted pottery makers, and
find market for their product among
visitors and in neighboring cities.
Though generally self-supportng, they
are very poor and in times of extreme
drought require aid from the govern
ment.
Their principal crops are Indian corn
and wheat. although some Of the Pueb-
los raise small amount of alfalfa.
Beans, chih onions, melons and
squashes Constitute their supply of veg
etables. Many Indians have small Or
chards of peach and apricot trees. and
some also have apple, cherry and plum
trees and grape vines.
No crops can be raised without irri-
CATION, which the Pueblos have prae-
ticed in a primitive manner from ear
liest times. Their irrigation! systems
are very crude, but furnish water
supply sufficient to mature the crops
in ordinary seasons. San Felipe has a
canal ten miles long, and in some places
fifteen feet wide. and twenty feet deep.
All of the bitches are kept In good con-
dition. The only pueblos that suffered
from a shortage of irrigation water in
the census year were San Ildefonso and
Zia.
The majority Of the Pueblo farmers
have from 10 to 30 acres each under
cultivation, although few have as
high GO to 80 acres. Their land is not
held by individuals under title of abso-
lutte ownership. but is parcelled out to !
each head of a family, the community
holding the title.
Their methods of harvesting, thresh-
ing, and grinding grain are most antiq-
uated. Wheat Is reaped with the sickle
turtles; threshing Is accomplished by
driving the animals over the thershing
floor until the grain Is trampled from
the straw; foreign substances are
picked out by hand and the grain
washed, much of 1t being damaged in |
the process; and the inhabitants Of |
those pueblos which are not situated |
near Touring mills, still grind their
grain by crushing it in stone mortars |
or between stone slabs.
A Pueblo farmer usually has few
horses, cattle, sheep and occasionally
burros, swine, goats and chickens Some
farmers possess large flock of sheep.
There are very few dairy cows in their
herds, cattle being kept almost exclu-
sively for food supply. |
Zuni, the largest pueblo reserve, is
situated in the extreme western part Of
New Mexico, in Valencia county, and
les in a great plain watered by the
zuni river. The original Spanish grant |
81 square miles, but the re-
serve has since been greatly enlarged,
he present area containing 1886 square
niles.
The total population Of the Zuni Is
,525; like other Pueblos, they are kind,
and Industrious, and have
,een self-supporting. agricultural
people ever since they were first met by
he white man. Their farms are situa-
ed from Is to Is miles from the pueblos
n small valleys and canons adjoining
he basin in which their village is loca-
ed. Throughout the growing season
hey spend most of their time on the L
arms. returning to the pueblos after
he harvest. The majority of the 267
zuni farms range in size from 10 to 20
lcres, although a few contain from 30
o 40 acres each. The largest part Of
he land is planted in corn, but wheat,
,eans, sweet corn, onions. melons and
quashes are common crops. The Zuni
armers also possess peach archards,
nd usually dry large quantities Of the
ruit, which they store away for use
Turing the winter months. Late rrOsts
destroyed their fruit crop in the census
,ear and no report Of their orchards
pas made. They irrighte their land In
primitive manner, but keep their
itches In good repair. |,
The chief wealth Of the Zuni. howev- i
!, lies in tfssir iiccks Of sheep, which J