davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1902-06-14

At the time of the breaking out of the
war there were some $4,000 acres of land
under cultivation in the Transvaal. The
farms numbered l2,245, of which 1886 be-
longed to the government, 1912 to outside
owners and the remainder to resident own.
ers and companies. The agricultural pro-
ductions were far from sufficient to meet
the demand of local consumption, and food
products figured heavily among the i'm
ports. The number Of farms in the Orange
Free State was l0,499, with more than $780,.
900 acres under cultivation.
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1902-06-14

siege of Mafeking had been raised. For
more than 200 days Col. Baden Powell's lit
tie force had defended the place against
heavy odds, and the whole population had
suffered terrible privations, but they had
held out until the long expected relief had
reached them, and the whole garrison were
crowned with the %victor's laurels by hero
loving England.
On May "a the British troops under Rob
erts crossed the Vaal river, and on the 30th
marched into the golden town of Johannes
burg, where they received a warm welcome
from the uitlanders, who had expected to
witness the destruction of their property be-
fore they should be allowed to fall into the
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1902-06-14

all branches, of whom some 49, 600 comprised
the force of Gen. Sir George White in
Natal, and the others were scattered in
small commands at different points in Cape
Colony, the garrisons extending as far
north as Mafeking which Col, afterward
Gen, Baden Powell was defending with a
force OF 1000 men.
Gen. Petrus Jacobus Joubert, the hero
OF Majuba Hill and vice president Of the
South African republic, was selected as
commander-in-chief of the allied armies of
the Transvaal and the Orange Free State,
and at once took personal command of the
troops that invaded Natal and shut Gen.
White up in L~adysmith.
In less than "a hours after the actual begin
ming of the war as dated from the expiration
from the time allowed in the Boer ultimat-
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1902-06-14

meet. Early in the year it was estimated
that there were not more than 1900 Boer
troops still in the field, but these afforded
occupation for all the vast English army,
and still they could not capture or disperse
effectively the willy leaders or their bands.
The year brought with it such Incidents
as the capture of Modderfontein by the
Beers on February 8, three days after which
80, 700 fresh troops left England to reinforce
the army in South Africa. On April 10 the
English heart was made glad by the open
ing of peace negotiations by Gen. Botha,
but they amounted to nothing, and the war
went on with varying success on either side.
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1902-06-14

ence in prompting the peace terms offered
by England. 1t was one of the most bril-
liant dashes of the war, and if it did moth
ing more it showed the London government
that the war might be almost indefinitely
prolonged if the Boer forces in the field
could not be induced to accept terms of
peace, and that they would not accept the
terms Of Unconditional surrender"
WRIGHT A. PATTERSON.
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1902-06-14

1t, could scarcely give reasons for the war
that would be acceptable to both sides. The
writer does not pretend to be able to deci-
pher a series of causes that might be Of
fered without fear of being accused Of par
tiaity: he, like millions OF other readers Of
current history, as it is recorded day after
day in the newspapers Of every civilized
land, is familiar with the claims made by
botn sides, but out Of these claims be does
moi intend to even attempt to unravel the
real cause Of armed conflict between the
Britain and Boer in South Africa. When
time has healed the wounds Of the present
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1902-06-14

Siderable Door IOTce
at Boshof. This was
followed on April Q
by a Boer defeat at
Wepener, another on
April IL at Fort
Abram, another at
Dewetsdorp on
April 20, again at
Windsorton on May
5 and at the town
Of Mafeking on May
ID.
On May 20, the wei
come news was cabled
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1902-06-14

captured, and then
began the long guer-
rilla warfare that
continued down to
the day a was
declared, and which
brought many de-
feats and heavy loss
es to British arms,
even though it has
eventually resulted
in a British victory
that places all of
South African ter.
ritory under the Eng
liRh crown
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1902-06-14

Gen. Butler began
the advance which
ended temporarily
with the disaster to
British arms at the
Tugela river, in which
the British lost so
men killed, 667
wounded and 348
missing. This battle,
the first fought by
Butler in South Afri-
ca, resulted in the
loss Of his reputation
as a strategist and
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1902-06-14

UNI, the British were
placed at a disadvan-
tage from which they
number OF weeks and
did not recover for a
without the loss of a
large number of men
and munitions of
war.
The number Of
troops with which
Gen. Joubert had ac-
e%omplished this coupe
will probably not be
known soon. In
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1902-06-14

prisoners, among the
killed being Gen.
Kock. The British
loss was AZ killed.
But brilliant as were
these English vic
tories they had but
little result other
than opening a
e a OF retreat to
L~Adysmith, where
Gen. Whites entire
force was rapidly con-
centrated.
With the mob1i1.
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1902-06-14

IN the north OF cape
Colony, but failed
after losing more
than 500 men who
were made prisoners
by the Beers.
Such was virtually
the condition of
the British forces
when Gen. Roberts
and Gen. Kitchen
Or, his chief of stat,
landed At Cape
Town on Jan
..rxv IN Innn nL-
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1902-06-14

kind that could result
in no lasting benefit
to the Boer Ii
other than the inspir-
ing of fresh vigor and
hope to the contest
ants.
The victory of Gen.
Delarey over Gen. Me-
thuen on March 8 of
this year was followed
on April II by peace
overtures, and is sup
posed to have had a
considerable inhu-
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1902-06-14

of meeting the guerilla tactics to which the
Beers restorted as the only means left them
to continue the struggle.
While large numbers Of Beers were sur
rendering to the English authorities there
were yet in the field such intrepid com
manders as De Wet, Botha, Steyn, Delaray,
Schalk Burger and others, and each Of them
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1902-06-14
TransvanI Church Memberships,

Church membership in the Transvaal is
divided about as follows: The United
Dutch Reformed ~church-the state church.
10000 communicates; other Dutch churches,
32,76O; English church, 10000; Wesleyan
Methodist, 10000; Catholic, 5000; Presby-
t~erians, 5000; other Christian churches,
5000; Jews, 10000.
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1902-06-14

whose judgement
every officer and pri-
vate of the Boer army
trusted implicitly,
and who, had he
lived, would undoubt-
endly have done
much toward bring
ing about, if not a diff
ferent termination to
the conflict, a much
more dearly bought
victory for England,
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1902-06-14

FAUST VI WHICH stdICt-
ly one person in ten
could j n t diligently
guess at, so completely
has the cause been
swallowed up in the
din OF conflict. Even
those directly p
sible for the struggle;
those who were most
intimately connected
with the diplomacy
or shall we say rather
a deplorable lack of
diplomacy-that i'm
~ cd a tai,- H-aaaaIaJ
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1902-06-14

some close student
OF history, blessed
with an ability to
delve beneath the
surface Of things, may
be abe to offer a Sc
ries OF reasons That
will be acceptable to
a posterity through
whose veins viii not
run the heated blood
of conflict. That time
Is not now.
As We glory in the
coming of peace. even
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1902-06-14

The heavy losses
seemed to fall to the
English, for the rea-
son, probably, that
they were the only
one of two contend
ing forces in a posi-
ton to suffer a heavy
loss. Boer com
mandoes were occa-
sionally captured or
dispersed, but they
were of small mum.
bers and the Incl
Inr< u-on enan FIR.
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1902-06-14
TransvaaI Gold Production.

The value Of the gold production of tho
Transvaal in 1898, the banner year Of Trans
vaal mining, was fl6,O44, 1876. There were
So companies operating mines, employin g
8S,627 men.
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1902-06-14

hands of the English.
On the same day that
Lord Roberts entered
johannesburg he is
sued the proclama-
tion that made an
English crown colony
of the Orange Free
State. Four days
later he was in the
Boer capital at Pre-
toria, and now,
thought England, the
war muSt sneadilv on,
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1902-06-14


mad a sufficient fol-
lowing to enable them
to defy either cap
ture or humiliation.
All through the year
1901 they forced upon
England . conflict
that kept . steady
demand for fresh
troops and war mu-
nitions pouring into
the war office at Lon
don, a demand that
England seemed more
~-.11.-- A. III l.
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1902-06-14

The area Of the Orange Free State IL 49,.
326, and the population is given at II, 7Ie
whites-40,57l males and S7,l45 females.
OF this total 5l,sl0 were born in the Free
State and 2l,ll6 in Cape Colony. In addi-
ton to the whites there are l29, 787 natives.
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1902-06-14

withdrawal of all
British troops near
its borders. All
South Africa knew
and the world knew
that England would
not accept such terms
and prepared for war,
and the preparations
of the Boer troops
for attack began m
mediately. Military
expeditions from the
Transvaal, and others
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1902-06-14

For three years and one-half there has
been waged in South Africa a war, the
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1902-06-14

the appointment Of Lord Roberts to succeed
HIN N aAisf in command. Gen. Butler was
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1902-06-14

HE Transvaal area is about l20,-
900 square miles; its popula-
ton is probably about l,OOO,O 900,
the Kafirs and other blacks
may number probably less than
100000. OF the more than
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1902-03-09
Cause of the Accident Unexplained.

SAN ANTONIO, Tex, March Sc. H.
Hartman. president of the Southern Pa
CifiC, could not be seen tonight concerning
the Maxon wreck julius Kruttschnitt
vice president and general manager of the
road spoke for Mr.. Hartman and made
the following statement: 1--WE have given
you everything we have received concern
ing the accident. The place where it oc-
Cured is on a nine-degree curve. If the
train was derailed from high speed it would
have jumped on the outside rail. An ex-
animation shows the derailment TO have
been on the inside rail- The place where
the derailment occurred was recently laid
with eighty-pOund steel the track is newly
retied. II is rock ballasted and every tie
is equipped with a steel tie plate. The road
bed at this point is the most perfect on the
line of the road. 7. r. -:yan. vice presi-
dent OF the Flint d Pere Marquette Rail-
road who was in a private car on this
train wired Mr.. Hartman concerning the
accident the following being quoted from
his telegram: 1t is my opinion that the
engineer is not to blame. l believe that
investigation will prove that some part
of the engine broke. l base my opinion
on a personal examination of the ties OF
the outside rail on the side the train went
on Every employee on the train" con-
tinued Mr. Kruttschnitt. who can throw
any light on the accident will be thorough
" Cross-questiOned. Division Surgeon Tur-
ner reports the injured persons getting
along nicely and that all Will recover"
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1902-03-09
Settling Claims for Damages.

Ell PASO. Tex. March S.-The wreck
Of the Sunset Limited, on the Galveston,
Harrisburg & San Antonio Railroad. yes
terday was much in evidence to-day.
Many survivors of the accident were on
the streets. attired in all kinds of garb,
and with bandaged limbs and bruised
bodies. The railroad officials have shown
every possible attention 10 the unfortunate
victims. The casualty list remains the
same. and the doctors report that the in
jured will all survive.
The officials We're kept busy settling
claims for injuries and the loss OF per-
sonal property. Thousands Of dollars were
paid in claims. and most OF the passen-
gers have settled with the company. To-
morrow the funerals of Engineer AL Mast
anc Fireman Henry Bertsch. who died at
their posts. will be held IN this city. The
former was n knight Templar. and both
men stood high in railroad and fraternal
circles.
No other bodies were recovered. as all
were cremated under the mass OF debris
which caught fire from the gas in the tanks
and burned rapidly. To-day all trains are
running and only a blackened and twisted
mass OF iron and ashes marked the spot
OF the recent disaster.
Railroad officials say there were one hun
dred persons on the train. and OF those
twelve were killed Many theoyies are adj
vanced as 20 the exact cause of the wreck
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1902-03-09
Total Iosse
STATE UNIVERSITY.
Reorganization Of the German Society
Glass and Personal Notes.

Special 10 the indianapolis Journal.
BLOOAUNGTON. Ind, March S.-The
event Of the week in Indiana University
circles was the appearance of the Thomas
orchestra. which was made quite a society
occasion. The gymnasium was crowded.
the attendance being the largest ever there
at a like entertainment and over two hun
dred out-of-town people were present.
The Goethe Gesellschaft has been re0r-
Eanized and "a constitution and bylaws
adopted. the purpose being to promote a
practical and classical study of German.
Meetings are 10 be held every Monday at
7.50 and new officers have been elected, as
follows: President, H Z. Hutton; vice
president A. G. Dahne; secretary. Miss
Lillian Gillette; treasurer, Chester Bachel-
or ehorister, Miss Ruth Paul.
Prof. L. NJ. Hiatt. of the musical depart
ment of the university. Will conduct chapel
exercises on Tuesday. a special programme
has been arranged.
Since the organization of the Fret and
Strut Club unusual interest has been taken
In the drama and number of students
are competing for the senior class play
prize 20 be presented for the best original
farce. Members of the English department
viii judge OF the merits OF the plays 10 be
presented
Professor Chaplain. OF the law depart
ment. is spending "A week at his home in
Fort Wayne recuperating from "A serious ill
ness. During his absence j. b Wilson is
looking after his classes.
Dr. Wetherly's class in sociology of TWEEN
ty-twO members has returned from Indian
apOlis. where IL visited the various penal
institutions The members were received
with the utmost courtesy and the trip was
enc of unusual benefit
Professor Brooks has returned from Chi
cagO where he delivered a lecture on
Art" lie also made an inspection of the
art museum and Will report in detail to his
class.
The delegates from the Y. w c. a and
y. NJ. G. \. who represented Indiana Uni
versity I'm the Student Volunteer AssOcia-
tiOn meeting at Toronto, Canada, have re-
turned and viii make reports at their meet
ings ON Sunday.
j. r. Bobbitt. of the class of 1900 who
has been principal of the schools at Farm
land. has accepted a position in the normal
school system at Manila and Will sail for
that place at an early date.
r.. :. Parks, OF the class of 1904, has been
appointed under the national survey OF the
government and Will be stationed in Oregon
the coming summer Next fall he expects
10 enter the law department of Stanford
University.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1902-03-09
redeemer Of the sOudan and intimately the

redeemer Of the Soudan and ultimately the
pacfhcator of South Africa
The Dlockhouse system upon which Kftch
ener depends mainly for success has never
before been developed to such q remarkable
extent although the idea, in form
another, Is as old as the eternal hills. Well
ington, with an insufficient and hopelessly
inferior force. used it successfully in the
earlier years OF the peninsular war to keep
Massena from overTunning Portugal. The
lines of Torres Nedras were dotted with
improvised fortresses, much like some of
the South African blOckhouses, which the
man who had held Zurich in a grip of iron
and was accounted the ableSt of all Napo-
Icons lieutenants tried in vain TO pass. II
was the blockhouse system which enabled
Russia to maintain her hold upon the eau
casus, even when Schamyl Bey-"the gray
old lion Of the hills'-was performing deeds
of valor as daring and conspicuous as any
ever accomplished by De Wet. Lord Kitch-
ener inaugurated blockhOuse construction
late in December, 1909.
AT first the work was limited to the safe
guarding of important routes of cOmmuni-
cation between Pretoria and Johannesburg
and BloemfOntein. Now the total length of
the lines shutting in great area of the
Transvaal and Of the Orange River Colony
IS estimated at $500 miles, which means
that more than 5000 blockhouses have been
erected. AS an average Of six men are as
signed 10 garrison each of these miniature
forts, fully $4,000 soldiers are needed TO keep
the Beers within the Gordon The block
houses are equipped with searchlights and
machine guns, and those along the lines of
railway are connected with DarDed-Wlre
fences, all of which Instructions seriously
impede the activity of the rowing bands of
guerrilla fighters who Try to break through
by day or night The recent heavy loss in
flicted upon De Vets commando, which
was twice caught within a circle of these
entangements, and the capture OF several
prominent Boer leaders who tried TO get by
the lines, prove that the blockhouse will be
the real factor In the solution Of the South
African problem.
Before blockhOuses were built the Beers
made monthly average of thirty success
full raids upon the railway. Within the last
six months tracks have not been destroyed
or injured once. 1t takes a working force
of thirty men not more than eight hours TO
build a blockhouse. The material chiefly
employed for construction purposes is cor
rugated iron. although stone is used IN
some sections. If the Beers had any artil-
lery these small forts would be untenable
but now that the garrison forces have moth
ing worse than Mauser fire to face il is easy
for half dozen men, armed with rifles
and machine gun, to hold a blockhouse
against an ordinary commander; besides the
blockhouseS are so near together that when
one Is attacked signals for help can easily
be sent to the next post, and so on until
some considerable body of troops is reached
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1902-03-09
MIRAGE EDITORS
Elected by De PAW SOphOmOres
After a Sharp Fractional Struggle.

Special 70 the Indianapolis Journal
GREENCASTLE, Ind, March S.-The
sophomore class OF De Paw University
met this afternoon and elected its board Of
editors for the Mirage, the annual univer-
sity publication. This is the most impor-
tant meeting OF the sophomore year and a
lively interest was manifested. Every mem
Der or the class who was in the city was
present AS is the usual occurrence in the
Mirage election. there was a division in the
class. ard when the balloting began one
faction. seeing il was outnumbeTed. bOlted
The meeting. leaving the field clear for the
other faction. The election resulted as fol-
lows:
Ecditor-in-chief. John BOhn: assistant edi-
tor. Bert COnley; associate editors, Belle
Wilson and Lucie Hurst. business manager.
Omer J. Mccoy: assistant manager. Chas.
A Robbins, literary editor. Ruth Ritter:
fraternity editor. GOlding Chittick; athletic
editor. Josesph Pearson: assistant. NJ w
Baker. Jokes and grinds. Alvin Hatfield: as
sistants, Helen Hurst and Sarah Turner:
artist l. q. Harper: assistant. John
Haynes; music editor. Sarah Neal; art edi-
tor, Susanna Wheeler
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1902-03-09
Grafton Causes Trouble.

Special 10 the Indianapolis Journal.
CONVICTION, Ind, March S.-The COM
mencement Grafton of one OF the High
School graduates has caused considerable
stir. The pupil discussed the subject OF
evolution in original way. The minis
tiers Of the city have denounced the study
OF evolution in the High School and have
aroused a sentiment against II among
school patrons They contend that High
School pupils are too young to grasp the
subject in its entirety, and that, as many
OF them will not so to college, their minds
should not be unsettled by a partial knowl-
edge of the subject. The ministers have
condemned the school board from the pull
pit, and one OF them at the commencement
exercises prayed for the enlightenment OF
the members OF the board.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1902-03-09
EarIham Notes
e Indianapolis Journal.

Special 20 tie Indianapolis Journal
RICHMOND. Ind, March s.-The last
MEETINGS OF the literary societies for this
term were held last evening. The Ionian
enjoyed one OF the best meetings of the
year The Phoenix Society held an open
meeting and presented an elaborate pro-
gramme
Miss woodward, assisted by the young
Indies OF The junior class, gave a reception
IN honor OF the young ladies' of the senior
class In the students parlor this afternoon
from 70 4 O'Clock. All the ladies OF the
college community were invited The par
iors were artist1caIly decorated for the
occasion. Refreshments were served and
n most delightful afternoon was spent
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1902-03-09
Tardy Acknowledgement.
Chicago Tribune.

Twenty years ago Mayor Harrison. then
twenty-five years old, wrote to William
Dean Howells with a request for the
authors autograph. The mayor has Just
received an answer from Mr.. Howells
Here is what Carter H. Harrison, jr
wrote twenty years ago: II am collecting
the autographs of American authors and
would be much obliged to you, if at your
leisure, you would favor me with yours
a few lines, if it is not asking too much ."
The mayor has received a missive bearing
an old-fashioned Scent stamp. When he
opened the envelope out dropped Howells's
letter of twenty years ago. At the bottom
of the reverse side of the single sheet of
paper was added
II have at last found time for subscrib-
ing myself, yours very truly.
''W. d. HOWELLS."
The reply is dated Feb. Is, 1902.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1902-03-09
May Become sectarinn school.

MUNCIE, Ind. March s.-The executive
board Of the United Brethren Church Of
Indiana, which is trying to obtain possess
ion of the Eastern Indiana University and
run il along sectarian lines, says il will
endow the university with 100000 if given
q deed 10 the property It's first offer was
$4,000. There is sentiment in favor of
accepting the offer of the church. as the
buildings are idle.