The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1902-01-13

.
The partition prevents any cold current
| from c, the Arctic end, and hence there
| can be no return current of warm water
| from B to c. The whole draft from the
equator, B. is to the Antarctic end, A.
Nor does the cold water pushed On from
A meet any counterfiow at B from the
Arctic, c. to compel it to ascend. Hence
| it flows northward until 1t meets the bar
rier D. There, being compelled to find
room above. it pushes up and flows back
to B as a cool current on the surface.
Now, these seem to be precisely the
conditions that distinguish the Pacific
| from the Atlantic currents. The Pacific
is closed at the north by Alaska and
Kamschatka, which closely approach
each other, leaving only the narrow
shoal OF Behring Strait. which is Of no
account. In other words while the At
lantic is open at both ends to the polar
seas, the Pacific is open at only one end
Ii. e., to the Antarctic Iceland is cut
off from the Arctic. The challenger
sound!ngs show that under the equator
in the Pacific the ice water is found only
at the great depth of 1860 fathoms: 1t
does not rise. as in the Atlantic, to with
in 500 fathoms of the surface The vast
mass of the equatorial waters flows
southwark, strikes the Antarctic ice. and
then, sinking returns northward along
the ocean depths throughout the entire
length of the Pacific, a range OF some
Aleutian chain, in the extreme north;
then it rises to the surface, an ice-cold
current. turns and flows southwark,
gradually warmed by the sun, but still
cool until it has reached the equator. and
still moves on southwark to the begin
ming OF the circle Thus the Hawaiian
seas are repien.shed by cool waters from
the north, while the South Pacific ISL
andS receive the torrid heats of the line.
The cool waters of the Continental gla-
cier never reach them. They reach Ha-
wall, as we have seen, only after trav-
ersing the depths OF the Pacific for two-
ffths of the distance around the globe.
and another fifth of the same distance as
a surface current from the north
But temperature, as has been shown in |
Part i of this work, should not be made |
the sole basis for the classification of |
climates. Under the captions of Winds |
and Rainfall we shall find in the Hawaii |
an Islands a diversity as remarkable as
the uniformity of TIE temperatures Just t
examined.
WINDS.
The prevailing winds are the northeast |
trades, at temperature of about 10 de- (
grees F., and a satUration of about 60 /
per cent, but these are greatly modified |
by the mountain masses. Professor c. |
]. Lyons, the accomplished observer in
charge of the Hawaiian Weather Service. |
Classics the Hawaiian winds under five
heads. as follows:
1. Trade winds of the weather side ex-
posure-the districts of fHamakua and /
North Hilo On Hawaii, Waikiki on Maui,
and koolau on Oahu. In these districts
here are a considerable rainfall and a
brilliant vegetation.
2 The lee side trade winds, as in Ho-
lolulu. The moisture is largely precipi-
ated upon the mountains. but these are
lot high enough-from 5000 to 1000 feet |
o keep the. wind from sweeping over the
idges and through the deep valleys. BY
hight there is very gentle land breeze.
The trades bring little rain to Honolulu,
md the southern slopes of Oahu are arid
n compa rison with those of the wind
ward side. The winter storms from the
outhwest, however, make up the needed
ainfall
3. Strong trade wind exposures-at the
forth and south capes of the Islands, as
northwest Kohala on Hawaii, Kaupo on
Iaui, and the south side of Molokai.
Here the trades blow "uninterruptedly,
rearily endlessly."
4. The region of aftermath land and
ca breeze-5!lo Bay and it's neighbor-
1000. To the north of HiIo Bay the
rade wind divides into two streams one
lowing westward over Hamakua the
ther southwark, and very gently. often
ot reaching Hilo Bay until about noon.
Sy night a well marked land breeze flows
own from Mauna Kea, lowering the
emperature ten or fifteen degrees.
tormy winds from the north OCCASION
lily arise. but in Hilo any strong wind
5 rare; the southwest gales felt on the
Their Islands are seldom known here
he north wind is the stormy wind: il !
rings heavy rains. 1T is no doubt the I
lcessant meeting of the warm vapor
rom seaward with cool masses of air
rom the mountain CMauna Kea) that
reduces the world-renowned precipita-
ion of Hilo-from 100 to 200 inches per
ear. An engineer told me he had known
sINtsen-inch-deep sugar cooler TO be
He'd in the open in one night" Oyons.)
D The lee side land and sea breeze
istrict-the greater part of western Ha-
All and of southern Maui. In these re-
ions the sea breeze comes in regularly
: about a. m, blowing inland; and as
asula-ly, soon after nightfall comes the
mi breeze. From Kawaihae to northern
-cna, or over tht northern part of the
past first mentioned. the ''mumuku'' al
lrevails-a violent downrUsh of trade
inis across the northern promoutory OF
lie Island. abOlish:Ug all the local cur
ants iOr the time being.
me trade winds are regarded by the
'reign residents as especially healthfui
ut a trade wind winter Is NOT a healthy
Jason, being abnormal land sickness
nd mortality. especially among native
aWsuiauS, are greater than when the
aGuar southerly wind Is in due proper
N'-' -'i1--i eS has DGtn said against the
lted south wind, nothing affects the ma
We worse than the north or northwest
-ly wind" Uyons)
The ''hona.' or southerly gales. usual
begin in MISUNDERSTANDING. damp. and
ustering winds. at a higher tempera-
Ire and with higher saturation than
lose just described. For the foreign
ssident they are often euervatiug and
7pressinE. Yet the satUration for the
onths OF their prevalence Is not mate
ally higher than at other times. The