davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Arizona republican. [volume] (Phoenix, Ariz.) 1890-1930, 1902-07-20
THE GARCIA NINE.

The Garcia mining group. i'll Ndltura
mining district. which has been quite
extensively worked heretofore. and
which has considerable local reputa-
ton on account of high grade ore pro-
duced. was recently bonded by ]. b.
Young and is now being worked by
him, says the Courier. The Garcia has
in years past had considerable develop
ment work done by companies which
either through nlismanagement or lacl.
of capital have been compelled to dis
continue work. and like many other So
called old mines, it has taken on new
life under improved conditions and
more thorough and economical man
agement, and will in future be num-
bered among the bullion producers.
Since Mr.. Young has assumed control
of the property he has pumped the
water from the workings and has done
considerable work in driving tna 300
foot level. with the result that he mas
opened up a body of excellent free
milling ore. while a the same time
quite a large body of water has been
encountered. sufficient. it is thought 10
do away with the necessity of pumping
water from Hassayampa creek. as
heretofore. The property has a ten
stamp mill. boarding house. bunk
house, assay office. etc.-in fact every
| thing necessary to make up a complete
plant, and is easily reached by g nod
wagon road. the distance being eight
miles from Hot Springs Junction (Aior-
ristoWn postoffice). Mr.. Young de-
serves the measure of success already
attained for his pluck in undertaking
this enterprise under such adverse con-
| ditions. He is pushing the development:
work along day by day, as fast as his
| resources will permit.
Arizona republican. [volume] (Phoenix, Ariz.) 1890-1930, 1902-07-20
UMBRELLAS FOR DOLLAR A YEAF
\ New Scheme Which Will Revolu-
tioniZe Business.

Down the ages since the deluge has
come the saying that man is bornw with
right to steal, or rather take" an
umbrella and appropriate it to his own
use. Now is launched a scheme which
reVokes this license and once more re-
turns his conscience to an infieXible
state, so that he who covets his neigh
boris umbrella or his tent or his para
chute is guilty before the law of the
land. No longer does one have to
chain down his pet rain protector, and
no longer does he have to worry when
| he has left it behind him in a ferry
boat or suburban train. For out of the
brains of the multitude somewhere has
arisen the new scheme which obviates
all this mental and physical discom-
fort.
The motto of the new scheme is
Don't get wet" You live in New
Rochelle. Rye. Jersey, or anywhere
about New York. In the west the
clouds are gathering. and just
as you are leaving your office in
your newest homespun suit and water
proof warranted not-to-color Panama
hat. the shower begins. The corner
which was ornamented by your UNI
brella is now vacant and the office boy
has gone for the day. Here is the way,
then, to prevent getting wet.
If you're an up-to-date man you'll
have pasted on your desk the places
where umbrellas can be rented. If not
you can carry with you nearest your
wallet a stand directory" This tells
YOU where you can rent an umbrella
1t is probably in the same building
They are extensively scattered all over
the business section of the city.
You give Il man 81 bill. It may be
be in restaurant, Il cigar store. or a
BARRIERS shop. You pick your choice of
the stock on hand. and you are given I
check. BY the time you get to New
Rochelle the sun is shining again. You
drop into stand in your town, show
them your check and leave the UNI
brella there. After that you don't need
to care what becomes of it till it rains
again, for it's branch of the great
dOn't-Eet-wet scheme. and finds its way
back to the place where it was first
lodged.
You've still got your check Bust
ness calls you to Chicago. You get off
Arizona republican. [volume] (Phoenix, Ariz.) 1890-1930, 1902-07-20

1t is interesting TO note in connec-
ton with the varifst new companies
Yavapai county, 4 faith that local
people have in home promotions An
example OF this is the Iowa Mining and
Development company of which some
thing has been said in these columns
The block of 5000 shares which was
offered the public was over-subscribed
many thousand shares, all being taken
by local people in jerome, Prescott and
the Cherry Creek district where the
mines are located. If people who
know the mines are SO anxious to in
vest it is d sure sign that the company
has something good. We know a num-
Der of people who took from 1000 to
2,O00 shares who wish now they had
taken more. The stock has been placed
on the market in Chicago. Boston, New
York. Denver cnd Los Angeles at %
cents per share. Work was started on
the mine Monday and the stockholders
may expect to have d model little mine
within the next three months.-Jour-
nal-Miner.
Arizona republican. [volume] (Phoenix, Ariz.) 1890-1930, 1902-07-20

The author of a play in London
which was scored by a newspaper got
small comfort out of a suit for dam
ages which he instituted against the
journal in question. On hearing some
Of the scenes and dialogues read, the
judge expressed his surprise that the
piece ever got on the stage, and the
jury refused to listen to any more. The
plaintiff was awarded "a farthing :
damages, with no costs
Arizona republican. [volume] (Phoenix, Ariz.) 1890-1930, 1902-07-20
VALUABLE TIME SAVED.

Slight injuries often disable a man
and cause several days loss of time
and when blood poison develops, some
times result in the loss of a hand or
limb. Chamberlain's Pain Balm is an
antiseptic liniment. When applied to
cuts, bruises and burns it causes them
to heal quickly and without matura-
ton, and prevents any danger of blood
poison. For sale by Elvey e Hulett,
druggists.
Arizona republican. [volume] (Phoenix, Ariz.) 1890-1930, 1902-07-20
STAGE AND DRESsMAKER.
The Latest Union in the Business
World.

The latest union of the arts has allied
the stage TO the dressmaking business.
The connection between the two has
often been obvious, but it was never
before so palpable as in the two cases
that are now attracting attention. No
sooner is it made known that Mrs. Rob
ert Osborn. who has established pros
porous dressmaling business here, is to
become the manager of a theatre than
the cable brings the news from Paris
that Elsie de Wolfe has become the
part owner of Paris dressmaking shop
Arizona republican. [volume] (Phoenix, Ariz.) 1890-1930, 1902-07-20

group. and they will DO so. H. w. Will
liams of New York city, who recently
visited and looked over this mining
field. is president of the Hong Kong
company. Both groups of mines are
located about seven miles east of Pres
Arizona republican. [volume] (Phoenix, Ariz.) 1890-1930, 1902-07-20
IOWA NJ. AND d. COMPANY.

1t is interesting
ton with the val
which have been
Y2VdOai CCuTity
The Farmville herald. [volume] (Farmville, Va.) 1890-1934, 1902-05-02

The new uses 60 which paper may
bc put seems numberlcss. The latest
announcements are of paper gloves
and stockings. the latter having been
in course of manufacture several
months. They are not thin things
you could wear through in day, but
quite tough. Paper Irvine, which has
long been known, is roughed by ma
chincry so as to seem fuzzy, like
wool, and it is then knitted TO shape
just as If it were yarn.
The Farmville herald. [volume] (Farmville, Va.) 1890-1934, 1902-05-02

Coeducation on American lines is
growing in popularity in England. An
other large school, where boys and girls
Will mix I'm the classes, is shortly TO Doe
opened at Keswick. The King Alfred
School society, body the aim ofwhich
is to promote coeducation, has issued
a report showing signs OF good prog
ress and giving particulars and plans Of
several new schools. The dean OF Dur
ham is one OF the warmest supporters
Of the movement
The Farmville herald. [volume] (Farmville, Va.) 1890-1934, 1902-05-02

r. NJ. r. TALCOTT Receiver
EARMNlLIE a pOWHATAN RAILROAD
fine Table boo effect November ., 1901.
Monday, Daily cA. Daily "a.
Only. sun. q Mon. sunday
stations
The Farmville herald. [volume] (Farmville, Va.) 1890-1934, 1902-05-02

The city of Dallas, Tex. is sand 20
be the largest depot Of farm imple-
ment supplies 90 the world. Every
big Wholesale house in the United
States which engages in the business
Of manufacturing tools for the farm
or has IT'S branch AZ Dallas. There
are % nine-story buildings devoted to
this trade. Dallas lies in the very
heart of the choicest farming region
Of Texas. 10 is the trading point OF
the great black land belt Of the
northern and central counties, which
contain two-thirds Of the people and
threc-fourths of the wealth of the
state.
The Farmville herald. [volume] (Farmville, Va.) 1890-1934, 1902-05-02

A doctor in Rochester, Mich. caused
the following card TO be inserted IN
a paper there: "Wake up! Change
cars! Don't YOU think you have been
carrying my money long enough?
Come in and secure my autograph on
a receipted BILL You will feel better
about it, and assure you the feeling
Will be mutual Very truly yours, b.
c. If. Spencer, VI. D."
The Farmville herald. [volume] (Farmville, Va.) 1890-1934, 1902-05-02

Somebody has started a proftless
query as TO the Oldest triplets living.
SAYS the New York Times. S.
J.. BuiIum. Of Taunton. Mass, answer
ing 30, says he has three brothers. trip
lets, who are Wei and in business in
the west.and who were i0years old last
The Farmville herald. [volume] (Farmville, Va.) 1890-1934, 1902-05-02
Isn't il Worth Csc.
To Be Cured Of
Constipation

People who suffer from abtua constipation with all its attendant ills
coggel stomach and bowels sluggish liver, heartburn indigestion, and thin
and impure blood apt believe that the only remedy violent
purgatcs The contrary the Such cathacs even they do
the bowels irritating and gripping, leave the stomach named and ic
and the conspaed condition with greater difficulty Of and the
sufferer constantly growing There is laxative that the
bowels gripping canses the stomach shapen the appetite
stimulates the liver strengthens the nerves, and pues the blood while
marvellous properties up the entire system and keep healthy.
The Farmville herald. [volume] (Farmville, Va.) 1890-1934, 1902-05-02
LaxakoIa Does II

Its remarkable tonic properties reach every orgnthe liver kidneys
stomach branand your dc
condition This the only absolute and permanent
Lxakoa the only medicine for babies, purely vegetable and s
action gentle speedy and effective. For coated tongue simple 6ye
colds cliIs and laueuii feeling is the ideal medicine
II tastes good - Children like IL and ask for
clasa henot
md a onepn
y. Y,orSs Dearborn Chicago
The Farmville herald. [volume] (Farmville, Va.) 1890-1934, 1902-05-02

II you want "A model farm We hav
one o. suit YOU II Is located 100 he
clu' Is Of Cumberland We viii take
pI, assure in showing 10 t0 you
FAHMvIILE FARM AGENCY
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1902-06-14
SUIT TO CLEAR TITLE.
Mrs. Haywood Asks Courts Interven-
ton to Secure Release

Through her counsel, Jesse E. Potbury.
Mrs Caroline Haywood, wife of Gen. Chas.
Haywood of the United States Marine
Corps of this city, has filed on the equity
side of the Supreme Court a suit against
John H O'Donnell, one of the eX-justices
of the peace, and Newton c. Price, as
trustees under an alleged deed of trust.
In her bill of complaint Mrs. Haywood
states to the court that some time ago
she purchased a piece of property in this
city, and that at the time of the purchase
she paid off a certain deed of trust on the
property given by the former owner; that
subsequent to the purchase of the property
by her she endeavored to procure a release,
and that the defendant ODonnell was will
ing to sign a release, but that she could
not obtain Prices signature because he
had suddenly left the city. Although she
had used all endeavors to locate him she
could not find him.
Mrs. Haywood also states that she has
appealed to the courts for relief only after
all endeavors to locate Price have failed,
and she asks that some suitable person be
appointed trustee to release her property
of this trust. If necessary she intends TO
take the case to the highest court, as she
desires to have her property clear of this
incumbrance.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1902-06-14
The ller-ShOemaker
Real Estate Co., Incorporated:
I323-I325 32d St. Phone West Il
Washingtonian Achieves Success.

One of the young doctors who received
his diploma last Tuesday from the neIica.
school of Johns Hopkins University was
DR.. Arthur H. Kimball, son of Judge /.
G. Kimban OF the Police Court. DIR. KIM
ball was born and reared IN Washington
and is a graduate of the Eastern High
School and of Amherst College. He has
also studied at Freiburg University in Ger
many Dr. Kimball has just been appoint
ed resident physician in the Ear, Eye and
Throat Hospital of Baltimore, a position
much coveted by the graduates of the med
ical schools in that city. Tx
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1902-06-14
Wills Filed for Probate.

The will of Martha Lodge. dated March
10. 1885, has been filed with the register Of
wills. Martha Stewart is named execu-
trix.
The will of Emma Gilbert, dated June 13.
1885, was filed for probate today. She leaves
her estate in trust to her sons, Elwood c.
and John H. Gilbert, who are also named
as executors The viii directs that the es-
tate shall be left intact until the youngest
children become of age, when il is to be
equally divided among her five children. A
certain trust of S3.975, secured on houses
Nos. 40. 122 and ia Maryland avenue
southwest, is ordered to be paid.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1902-06-14
Better Observance of Sunday.

The Commissioners are in receipt of. a
communication from Rev. Alexander Mac
kay-Smith Of 1928 10th street urging them
to approve the Mcmillan and Dillingham;
bills respecting the better observance of
Sunday as a day. Of rest, A letter to the
same. enect has been received by The Com
missioners from Rev. H. Y. Satterlee. =
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1902-06-14
MONEY PAID OVER.
Members of Fire Company Prefer Uni
forms to Pool Table.

Chief Engineer Dutton of the District fire
department yesterday received from Mr..
Harry Stamford eleven checks, each for
$26.35, in payments of the premium won by
engine company No. 3, in connection with
the Masonic fair held recently. Chief Dut-
ton will hand one of the checks to each
of the eleven members of No. company.
The company chose uniforms in prefer
ence TO A pool table or a library. The cost
Of one complete uniform is $2635.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1902-06-14
Railway Company Sued.

: Suit at law to recover damages in the
sum of si5;0a0 was instituted today by
Charles F. Little. through Attorney W.T.
ton T. Lambert and Stuart Mcnamara
against the Brightwood Railway Company.
1t rs alleged that May. 6, 1891. while the
plaintiff was in the. act of boarding car
of the defendants, IL was careaessly started
and he was hurled against a trolley peis
and erecipitated to. the ground. sustaining
serious injury.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1902-06-14
inadvertently Omitted.

The name of Miss Beatrice Spaldng was
inadvertently. omitted from the published
program OF Flag day exercises held yester-
day at the Harrison School. Miss SpaldinR
represented Betsy Ross in the exercises
entitled THE Making Of Our Flag
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1902-06-14
FOR SALE=HOUSES.

FOR SALE DESIRABLE HOMES ON WASH
INGTON AND COLUMBIA HEIGHTS;" ALL
ARE NEW AND MODERN THROUGHOUT
THE MOST DESIRABLE LOCATI0NS-HIGH.
COOL AND HEALTHY, SURROUNDED BY
FINE NEW HOMES.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1902-06-14
% SURVEYS, PLATS, ETC.

SURVEYS, SUBDIVISIONS FLATS PLANs., con.
structions sEperntended, estimates and reports.
high-class drawings Of all kinda. WM H.
BENTON, CIVIL Typographical and Landscape
EngBeef.r Atlantic -bldgS $50 h NV. Phone go.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1902-06-14
PALMIsTRY.-

HAVE YOUR HANDS READ RY NINE RITA
the world greatest and astroioger hold
ing resYRtipas daily nt II Est. n.w cdr. OF Sth.
Fee. Is and 80 cents. je2-l2ts
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1902-06-14
A House and Lot
for 5000

1t seems impossible, and yet
is absolutely practical. As high
as $1,000 has been loaned on a
$500 lot at co \ q r + ) 5
HEIGHTS. The borrower has
paid back the loan in monthly
installments amounting to less
than rent, thus practically get
ting the house and lot for
$500. Stop paying rent and
turn the money into a home for
yourself and family in Randle
Park. the new addition to Con-
gress Heights.
Take yellow ear going south
on 9th St. ride cut to Congress
Heights and select lot with
shade tree on ii before they are
all gone.
A. F.. RANDLF. Owner,
Congress Heights, ID. G.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1902-06-14
on WASHINGTON HEIGHTS.

s25, 000-An elegant mansion, very we'll situated,
elegantly built for owner. wide frontage.
SO, 5o0-Another fine double house, 13 rooms,
baths. lot A it. front
S1S.50O-Elegant 11-room house, 3 baths Col.
road.
500. 50O-Large double house lot so IT. front.
Sl5uOo-A desirable corner, II Fvoms, baths, hot
water heat.
s11 .5Oe-A beautiful home. IL rooms baths,
hOt-water heat.
s11 .5O0-An attractive home, II rooms. baths.
SlO.000-A wide outlook, IL rooms. 2 baths.
S9.5OO-Stone and brick, 10 room dwelling, lot 25x
1870; alley; Col road.
ss.2JO-One of the best at the price; IL rooms, 2
baths, hot-water heat.
$. T5o-Just reduced; ii rooms. bot-water heat.
sS,5O0-West Conn. ave, II rooms, baths, hot
water heat rents $50.
81. Probably the best ever offered for the
prices rooms on LIST foor-6 sleeping rooms
tiled baths. hot-water heat, beautiful view.
s.. 100 Cheap: 10 rooms, steam heat.
S7.5oo-l0 rooms. modern, well located.
SC 200 The best for the price; 10 rooms, stone
and brick front. 1st-foor kitchen.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1902-06-14

FOR SALE
S5.50o-RHODE ISLAND AVENUE NORTH
WEST; NEAR IOWA CIRCLE; southern exIs-
sure; nine rooms and bath; resident owner
very anxious to sell.
B. II. WARNER CO.
II 9l6 st. NV
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1902-06-14
PIANOS TUNED.

TuxfXtTeAN RERAIRfNG-PfAN0 REPAIRING
In all its branches by experts from the Bradbury
- factory Let place Jour inst rument In perfect
: condition muscalIy: You'll be- surprised II the
Improvement n tone. Charges reasonable
myI4-u G. SMITH. 1c15 Ia. ave.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1902-06-14
Street r. R. Extension.
To Settle an Estate.

This property sold subdivided
and the lots offered remarkably
foot Only $50 required balance S5 SEC
monthly, one-third cash, balance wears.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1902-06-14

DEPOT QUARTERMASTER' OFFICE WASTE
ingtan, DC, May IL. l902.-Sealed proposals. in
triplcate, will be received at this office until 2
O'Clock pm Tuesday, June II, 1902. for furnishing
during fiscal year ending June 30. 1903. forage
straw and ban. Informal ton furnished applica-
ton. u. S. right to reject accept any
or all proposals any part thereof Envelopes
containing proposals should be marked Proposal.
for Forage, &C. addressed MAJOR r.. f. T'tIE
Depot q. NJ. my20, 21 90 je13 4l6
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1902-06-14
FOR SALE-H0USES.
FOR SALE
A FINE RESIDENCE

FOR SALE
A FINE RESIDENCE
AT SACRIFICE.
Iricc, $4,000. Below value.
Trust due; owner wishes to realize little.
WILL TAKE $3.50.
IN WASHINGTON HEIGHTS
Nearly new; Roman brick; stories; cellar: IL
rooms; rooms deep; fine baths; HOT-WATER
HEAT; lot 2Ox1OO.
\ nne investment.
cheap home.
4 speculation.
je14-3t STONE & FAIRFAX SO6-SOS F ST. NV.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1902-06-14
REAL ESTATE
-=InVestmentS i'm Realty
Yield the Largest
Profits.
Cleveland Heights.

Here are bargains in property in and
near Georgetown that held forth splendid
prospects for handsome profits:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1902-06-14

DEPOT QIARTERMASTERS OFFICE, WASIl-
ington, d. G, May IL: 19o2-Sealed proposals viii
be received at this office until TWO PM, MON
Storing, Hauling Transporting public property
between Washington, D. e.. and neighboring points
during fiscal year ending June 80 1903. u. s.
reserves right to accept or reject any all pro-
posals any part thereof. Information furnished
on annication Envelopes containing proposals
should be marked proposals for Drayage,'' a1-
dressed Major T. f. TRUE Depot Quartermaster.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1902-06-14
FOR SALE-HOUSES.

FVK SALE
S2,5oo each-K st. me- nice bay window
orlcks; rooms; par. BATH nice front and rear
yards.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1902-06-14

FOR SALE-TwO BARGAINS
HOMESEEkEIlS. ATTENTION,
beautiful corner residence in n splendid 10
cation NV. near 14th st: exceptionally de
sirable home; well arranged; parlors and IL
brary first floor; sleeping rooms; steam
heat; stairwzys. A bargain at $3.50.
Another on Columbia Heights"
Only 8 80.
very attractive brown stone and red brick
'front.' stone steps and porch; sleeping rooms
wen arranged, with reception hall plan; furnace
heat.
Location a most desirable one-the highest
point :he Heights. &
APPLY FOR PERMITS TO INSPECT.
hl+2t MOORE d HILL unc.) III l4th st NV.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1902-10-15

remember. I felt the eyes of father and
the girls upon me- and upon my word l
felt like falling out the window when
mother went on Don't you remember.
Don. that you woke me up last night
to hand me that $500 Why, you came
into nv room. funbled around for d
match lit the gas and gave me the
money. 1t was wrapped up
oh, yes, that's so. It was wrapped
up in a piece of newspaper, wasn't it,
Ha. ha. hi. hi-of course I tried to
carry il off like that, but as I made for
the hall door l was fearfully aware thar
my father said something sarcastic
about 'Munehau sen,' and I know that
the girls haven't been able to look me
in the eye since without laughing.
oh no. wasn't drunk concluded
Whitney. Il never get drunk. 1 was
Just in a trance"
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1902-10-15

he swore by the big horn spoon that he'd
not take man aboard, but when the boat
mad come within hail he changed his mind
ana her crew was soon tumbled over the
rail and glad to get aboard. They had
gone off intending to make the coast, but
had forgotten to take compass, and had
oeen sailing almost at random. The
ghost vas there to welcome them on
board and when they got her story and
realized how idiotic had been their ac-
tons no set of men were ever more dis
gusted with themselves or more anxious
to atone for their doings. Molly McDayis
was safely landed in Liverpool and when
we made up a purse for her that she
might have time to turn around l believe
the captain put in as much as all the rest
OF us, though he waved her ashore and
called after her that he'd have the law on
her If she wasn't out of Liverpool inside
OF an hour--(Copyright 1902, by C. B.
Lewis)
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1902-10-15
STORAGE


MERCHANTS TRANSFER & STORAGE
Co. packs ships and stores household
goods. Tel. 196. Clarence Skinner. 12S E
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1902-10-15
MONEY.

MONEY TO LOAN on live stock, pianos,
organs, typewriters. household goods ana
personal security. L. Biscoe 52s Kan. Ave.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1902-10-15
SEED HOUSE.

DUTCH BULBS, Hyacinths, Tulips, Mar
cissus. Crocus. unsorted. direct from Hot
land: flower pots. jardiniers. hanging bas-
kets. gold fish and aquarium supplies. Ic-
peka Seed House, 306 Kansas ave
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1902-10-15
PASTRY AND LUNCH.

CROWS LADIES EXCHANGE. 807 Kan
sas ave-: I19 w, 9th st; 100 Topeka ave
Strictly first class home made cakes. pies
bread, etc. Discounts on party orders
Phone 540-2 rings.