davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The stayer. (Canyon City, Tex.) 1896-1903, 1902-11-13

The State Li~stock Sanitary
Board in its s.nual report to the
Governor, lays considerable
stress upAn the shortness OF the
appropriation made for its main
tenar-e by the State Legisla-
tur, and complains of the man
r.r in which its work is retard-
ed by the deficiency. 1t has
proved very difficult matter
to impress upon the lawmakers
of Texas the immensely and i'm
portance of the livestock indus
try of the State, and in dealing
with that great Industry a very
parsimonious spirit has always
characterized Legislative action.
Every year it has been necessa-
ry for cattlemen to supplement
the States appropriation by
personal contributions, and such
action is shame upon the State.
Cattlemen pay Il large sum an-
nually into the state treasury in
the form of taxes fol protection
under our state laws which is
denied them, aud Justice de
mands a radical change for the
better. West Texas Stockman.
The stayer. (Canyon City, Tex.) 1896-1903, 1902-11-13

another undeveloped place. But
snch is the ways of man in the
West.
The stayer. (Canyon City, Tex.) 1896-1903, 1902-11-13

MT. anu MIS-. Dtccn ucSrIcS 70
return their sincere thanks
the kind friends who ai-eo
them in ministering to 'neii
babe during its last ilp-sS "n"
death. They are dee"y s'a'e'
full for the sympatb ana KIND
ness of all.
The stayer. (Canyon City, Tex.) 1896-1903, 1902-11-13
Low Rates to Chicago.

For the International Live
,Ht' EXPOSITION at Chicago. This
At Il be your opportunity to make
WhH;heap trip to the City on the
IS. See your local agent
Now dates of sale, limits, condi,
Where 90. No.. Co.
Al last
Vim y Traffic Manager.
The stayer. (Canyon City, Tex.) 1896-1903, 1902-11-13

Mr.. and Mrs. J. |. Campbell
are the happy parents of lit
tie daughter born Sunday.
The stayer. (Canyon City, Tex.) 1896-1903, 1902-11-13
BOSWELL STEAM
LAUNDRY,
Frank Coulter, The Barber,
Sole Agent.

This is the hest laundry in reach Of
Canyon City and is perfectly reliable
in every respect. You VIII do well
TO give them IA trial. Basket leaves
Tuesday and returns Saturday OF
each week.
Remem Der that | will sell you
for less than the other fellow
every time. A. l.. Anderson.
The stayer. (Canyon City, Tex.) 1896-1903, 1902-11-13
"But where to find that happiest

"But where to find that happicst
spot below;
Who can direct, when all pre-
tend to know"
Goldsmith.
Many are satisfied to live in North vest
Texas. having pr we'd the value Of the land
in this region a u good Crop Raiser. Not
only Cattle. but Wheat, Cotton. Corn, Feed
Stufs. Cantaloupes, Garden Truck and Good
Health flourish herein u district where
Malaria is impossible and very little dong for
JailS and Hospitals
Land, which is being sold ut really low fig
ures--th0 the constantly increasing demand
is steadily boosting values--is still abundant:
and Farms and Ranches Of all sizes. very
happily located, are being purchased daily.
We viii gladly supply all askcrs with
" copy of little book, published by
the Northwest Texas Rear r.a,.ate Asse- .
citation, which contains an interesting
series of STRAIGHTFORWARD statements
of what people have accomplished
along the line of
The stayer. (Canyon City, Tex.) 1896-1903, 1902-11-13

,tlthouw Idea WOman's Magazine.
,cpH| christmas number OF the New
= W. Foman's Magazine will offer
,uy 'N features that will prove OF
.octic\, al and timely value during
70 cot'e ming holiday season. The
.ropd Y installment of The Journal
,t a ~ ndon Woman" christmas
preset r. for Men How to Enter
tain y Christmas House Party"
..lneH1ensive Gifts for a Christmas
Tree" A Children's Party for
Christnas,' will each and all add
their quota to the general interest
OF the book. The contents will he
brilliantly illustrated, both in color
plates and in black and white. and
the regular unitarian portions will
far exceed the same presented by any
other magazine OF the price.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1902-08-23

try fiat, labor cheap; while the Panama
route lay through a vet, hot, deadly coun-
try, where labor could not be obtained on
the ground but to which must be transport
ed unacclimated foreigners. Also there
was "a lack at Panama of horde of slav-
ish fellaheen workmen and of subservi-
ent taskmaster like the khedive" At
Suez shovels and scoops parted the soft
sand; at Panama mountain, swamp and
jungle had to be overcome.
Difficulties Encountered in the Work
ON the Canal.
Though M. de Lesseps has been much
blamed for his ignorance of real condi-
tons in Panama, the fact that the work
did continue in the face of most discourag-
ing obstacles means that somebody's pluck
and optimism was little less of the marvel
Gus. White men could not stand the dig
ging, and negroes from the Bahamas and
the West Indies were brought over, with
cost of agent and transportation making
the question of labor very serious one.
The negroes would not work without driv-
ing, and the white officers, because of lack
of zeal or i'll health, did not make good
taskmasters. Breaking the ground added
to the unhealthfulness, and the death rate
among the officials for one period of five
months was IS per cent. Under those con-
ditions, of course, all departments of the
work suffered.
Difficulties multiplied. Unlocked for
solid rock was found beneath the Atlantic
swamp. Entertainments were washed away
by mountain streams turned into rushing
torrents by every heavy rain. bitches
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1902-08-23
THE TRAGIC PAST OF THE
PANAMA CANAL PROJECT
Something of the Men and Methods That
Old Company Other Canal History.

where the very Caesar of engineers might
have buried his hopes in the desert sands"
In the accomplishment of building of the
Suez canal de Lesseps had for most val
liable ally, as is we'll known, his cousin,
Empress Eugene, then at the height Of
her power. Perhaps the Panama scheme
would not have turned out so disastrous
ly if the beautiful, Jealous royal relative
had been able to exert her old influence.
Ferdinand de Lesseps in 1879 was con-
sidered by the world at large as the great
est of engineers, and the world at large
had unbounded confidence in him. The
Suez canal had exceeded the widest hopes
in the way of financial returns; and when
de Lesseps proposed an American canal,
the route he favored was the one religious
ly believed in.
The cost of the construction of the canal
was from the first greatly underestimate
and the profits estimated at such magnitude
that there was little difficulty encountered
in founding the Compagnie Universelle du
Canal Interoceanique de Panama. The
capital of the company was 3OO,00O,0OO
francs, one-fourth of the estimated cost.
The people were eager to buy shares, which
sold at only 500 francs each, and all classes
contributed, the peasant being especially to
the fore. ''In fact, it has often been said
that the money sunk by the company was
drawn from the stocking of the French
peasant proprietor"
Sues and Panama
Panama as Suez parallel was from the
first absurd. Along the Suez route the
climate was dry and healthful, the coun-
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1902-08-23
HERE AND THERE.

Now, more than at any other
time, is there an incentive for men to
practice good dairying. Consumption
of first-class dairy products has more
than kept pace with their production.
When the sow eats her young it
is her method Of notifying her owner
that she has been neglected. The sow
that has an abundance of green food
and clean drinking water will rarely.
if ever, eat her young.
The best way to retard blooming
of fruit trees in spring is to scrape
away the soil and expose the roots
as much as possible to the cool air
of the south only. In the north an
opposite plan is required.
Hay making is often delayed I'M
til the age and maturity of the grass
makes the hay woody and indigesti-
bic. All grasses having coarse stems
should be cut early. Some grasses, If
permitted to mature, make hav that
it worthless.
TO make good hay the grass
should always be cut before the
seeds mature, and some before the
seeds are formed. Alfalfa should ha
cut when the first bloom appear
with corn and the sorghums the case
is different. These plants contain
their maximum of nutriment when
tho seeds are full grown.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1902-08-23

River Chagres into vast lake, covering
ali area of 2l.5 square miles. This dam
is designed not only as regulator of the
Chagres floods, but also to obviate strong
currents where the canal traverses the bed
of the river. The other dam will be To-
Gated at Alhajuela, on the upper Chagres,
little more than nine miles from the canal
1t is to form a reservoir covering ten square
miles, and is to act as feeder to the canal,
providing the summit level with water in
the dry season (January to April. Other
work expected of the Alhajuela dam will
be of assistance in controlling the floods of
the Chagres, and the furnishing of n.y.
iiraulic power, transmitted by electricity,
for operating the locks and lighting at
night the entire canal from the Atlantic
to the Pacific.
The sanitary conditions along the Pan.
anna route are much improved over the con-
ditions existing in the early labor on the
canal, the unhealthfulness then being due
in large measure to the uplifting of the
surface of the ground. To-day labor is
easily obtainable from the British Antilles,
and it is said no great difficulty need now
be feared because of insalubrity of the
climate. The constant high temperature
and moist atmosphere do not act as tonic
however, and the influence of the climate
is certainly enervating.
The cost for the construction of the canal
was estimated by the international con-
gress of 1879 at s2l4,OO0,000, and the time
calculated at II years; although M. de Les
seps later announced the work could be
accomplished in eight years at less expense.
The expenditures actually made by the old
company upon the isthmus, as entered IN
the files of the court of France, in the re,
ownership proceedings, was Sl56. 100000
The international technical commission give
estimates of cost of completion, estimates
made after several years actual work by the
new company, as follows:
The total cost OF the work proper
under plans adopted. .............$ s., 900 900
Add for contingencies. Is, 400, GOO
Total Observation-Disclosures. .s1O2, 400 900
If both locks be built with width
of S2.025 feet, the cost would be
tncrea sed to ......................$l5 o, OOe
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1902-08-23

States of Colombia, which were granted in
1850, have continued unquestioned for al
most SO years. They run until the year
1866. The road pays an annual subsidy OF
$25O,00O for the franchise. The Panama
railroad has become a great commercial
highway.
Aspinwall, the eastern terminus of the
Panama railroad, is built close to the water
It is not particularly inviting in appear.
ance; the land is low and swampy, the air
hot and oppressive, the wharves untidy.
A saving feature is the fact that the rail
road sheds, the houses, and the huts OF
the natives are EMPOWERED in tropical trees
and shrubbery.
The traveller that crosses the isthmus by
the Panama railway pays a goodly sum
for the Al miles covered; the charge few
years ago being $50 in gold. Those that
object to the three cents mile tax prob.
ably would rave at the Panama tax; so
cents per mile for passenger, and five cents
pound for luggage.
The western terminus, Panama, is much
more Spanish than Aspinwall, with its
great cathedral, plaza, its fort and dun
geons. Here one sees soldiers in gay re
gala, and gets glimpse of mantilla mai
dens The houses are bright not only with
gay flowers, but also with vivid colorng
rainbow hues being much approved for ex
terror decoration.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1902-08-23

per cent bonus cannot go on forever, even
the most ignorant must recognize.
In 1898 he was sentenced to fine and
five years imprisonment, but was too Ill
to be taken from his house. He died De-
cember Z, 1894.
Eighty-nine years of life.
Born at Versailles, lS05-consul at Cairo,
1888, and at Barcelona, 1912, where, during
q bombardment of the city, he was remark
able for his courage and humanity-minis
ter to Madrid, lS4S-l849 sent to Rome to
negotiate for peace; recalled the same year
as being too favorable to the Roman re-
public-lS69 saw the opening of the Suez
canal, projected by him and constructed
under his Observation-Disclosures per-
fected a plan for construction of canal
across the isthmus of Panama-lSS9, after
absorption of $500, 900 900, the Panama COM
pany forced into iquidation-lS93 sen
fenced to imprisonment-lS94 dies.
First Estimated Cost of the Panama
Canal.
MANY to-day probably think of NJ. Ferdi-
nand de Lesseps as an engineering genius,
but it is told that he himself said he was
nothing of an engineer. His work was that
of one with wonderful talent for the line
of diplomacy, his the part to manage the
nations and gain the concessions. Ernest
Lambert writes: 'Even at Suez, what NJ.
Leon Say has called mis- (de Lesseps)
genius for "unraveling the future of inter
national relations" coupled with the
adroit distribution of backsheesh and the
propitiation of willing and inscriptions
potentate, undoubtedly won him success
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1902-08-23

completion of the waterway to October,
1894. Afterwards Colombia granted an ad-
ditional extension Of six years.
The new company has made extremely
thorough investigation of the character of
the country, spending three years in the
work of investigation and the gathering
of experience; and this, added to the
knowledge gained by the experiences of
the old company, should lay a good founda-
ton for future execution-''th more de-
tailed and careful the surveys, the surer
and quicker the execution of the work"
The company has avowed these to be its
principles:
Flrst-That any plan involving any diff
Guilty impossible of execution in the al
lotted time and within the limit of ex-
pense, should be rejected.
Secondly-That in the solution of the
technical, and detailed problems of the
work, only those plans should be consid
cred which had the support of experience,
and every new idea which should tend to
mislead should be rigidly excluded.
Third-That in arriving q the proper So
luton it was necessary to consider the par
ticular place where the work was to De ex-
ecuted. ard also to make due allowance
for the climate of the region Hence the
necessity of undertaking only work not
requiring exceptional conditions.
In regard to description, work accom-
plished, and work yet to be done, the inter-
national technical commission have given
in an elaborate report, which report seems
to establish the practicability of complet-
ing the canal. Extracts from the report
are as follows:
The Panama canal extends from Colon,
on the Atlantic, to Panama. on the Pacific
ocean; a total length Of asp miles, includ-
ing 8. Is miles dredged in the Pacific to deep
water.
The work already done constitutes fully
two-fifths of the entire canal works.
Starting from Colon. on the Atlantic
coast, is situate the new city of Christie
pher Columbus. the location of the plant
and works of the canal company. From
the little port of Folk river. the canal is
navigable for lis miles. varying in depth
from 1874 feet to 295 feet. From the III
to 26.7 mile excavation is proceeding the
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1902-08-23

entire distance, and the embellishments con-
sequently thrown up gradually rise from
the level of the sea to about the height of
49, feet, with cuts such as the one of
Boho, which is 1872 feet in depth, and
those of San Pablo and Matachin, which are
from 50 to 9S5 feet.
From the 2Sth mile rises the central mass
of earth called the Cordilleras. A good deal
of work has been done between the 18th
and 33d mile. The cut begun by the old
company has been continued by the new
company, and now has an average depth of
164 feet
The slope towards the Pacific ocean is
now reached, and here the declivity of the
land becomes great. The height of the en-
bankment varies from 40 or IS feet to about
1856 feet, diminishing at the 40th mile to
from 6.5 feet to 1874 feet From this point
to the Pacific the canal has been completed
to the depth of from 65 feet to 1858 feet.
From mile 42.S to the great depths near
Navs, at mile 45.9, the canal is completed so
as to be navigable to a depth Of from 1866
feet to 29.5 feet.
As is well known, it was the original
purpose of the old company to build
canal without locks, freely open from
ocean to ocean; but, after years of work,
the plan had to be abandoned. The enor-
nous excavations needed to cut through
the Culebra, the central mass of mountain,
and the torrents from the River Chagres,
were the obstacles in the way of the open
canal. The plan adopted by the new COM
pany was to reduce materially the depth
of the central excavation, and to estab-
lish therein a series of locks to be fed from
the Chagres river.
Three principal problems were pre-
sented:
l. The determination Of the depth to
which the central mass must be excavated
and of the number and height of the locks
to be built.
O. The designing Of the proper methods
for the regulation of the flow of the Chagres
river.
3. The feeding of the canal.
The commission decided on 6S.08 feet
above the sea, with four locks on each slope,
as the altitude at which the bottom of the
canal should be placed, but this plan to be
changed if, after further construction, it
should seem best. The depth of water in
the locks il to be generally 2e.5 feet. All
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1902-08-23
FARMER ANDPLANTER.
CULTIVATION OF THE CROPS.
Somethinx More Than the Mere
Planting Essential to the Secure
ing of Good Results.

If good, satisfactory crops are
grown, at least such as are planted
they must be well cared for. The
first thing of Importance is the prop
erly fitting Of the ground before the
planting is done.
A field nicely plowed and thor
oughly narrowed before it is planted
will require but small amount OF
labor in the after cultivation of the
crop, compared with another field in
which this preparatory work has
only been half done.
With large areas to plant and cul-
tivate, and with hired help scarce and
difficult to get even at high prices, it
is necessary to do all kinds of work
possible with horses and suitable i'm
plements. And to the credit of in
ventors it may be said that there is a
long list of farm implements and
tools of the best make and adapted
to all kinds of work that it may be
necessary to perform, from which to
select. And further than this, better
work can be ACCOMPLISHED with
these than by the old process of
hand labor.
But for the best success with these
improved labor-saving implements,
the preparatory work of blowing and
narrowing, as before stated, should
be we'll and thoroughly performed.
Wherever possible, there should be
large fields, devoted to these crops, at
least the rows should run the long
est way and also be straight and of
uniform width, in order that the
thoroughly and efficiently performed.
Not much hand planting of corn or
even Of potatoes in large areas is now
done. This would be too slow and
laborious process; besides, the i'm
proved horse planters not only do the
work SO much faster but actually bet
ter than it can be done by the old
process of hand labor. Even in the
great corn-growing states, two rows
are planted at time, requiring only
one man for the work, while in the
east it usually takes two men for a
one-horse, one-row machine. In this
way it is easy to plant large acre
age in little time. For the proper
working of machines the surface of !
the lands in crops should be free
from stones or other distractions.
The cultivation of corn should be |
very soon after it is |
planted. This will serve to keep the
soil fine, mellow and free from
weeds. Generally this should be shall |
low rather than deep. A widespread,
light smoothing harrow with teeth
backward, or an implement
known as weeder, which is much
used in the east, serves an excellent
purpose in the cultivation Of the
crop, until it gets too large.
There is an old adage that tillage is
and as in certain sense
this must be so, it will be seen that
a continuous and proper cultivation
Of corn and other crops must result
in a double benefit to them and the
soil. Without it, but little would be
accomplished; with it the POSSIBLE
ties are indeed great.-E. r. Towle,in
Farmers Home Journal
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1902-08-23
AN INTERESTING PROCESS.
The Various Changes That Take
Place Within an Egg During the
Process of Incubation.

An English writer thus describes
the various changes that take place
within an egg:
The hen has scarcely set on her
eggs twelve hours before some line
aments of the head and body of the
chicken appear. The heart may be
seen to beat at the end of the Sec
ond day; it has at this time some
what the form of horseshoe, but no
blood yet appears. At the end of
two days, two vesicles of blood are
to be distinguished, the pulsation of
which is very visible; one of these is
the left ventricle, and the other the
root of the great artery. At the
fiftieth hour one auricle of the heart
appears, resembling a moose folded
down upon itself. The beating of the
heart is first observed in the auricle,
and afterward in the ventricle. At the
end of the SEVENTEEN hour the wings
are distinguishable; and on the head
two bubbles are seen for the brain,
one for the bill, and two for the
fore and hind parts of the head. To-
ward the end of four days the two
Auricles already visible draw nearer
to the heart than before. The liver
appears toward the fifth day. At the
end of a hundred and thirty-one
hours the first voluntary motion is
observed. At the end of seven hours
more the lungs and the stomach be-
comes visible; and four hours after
ward the intestines, the loins and the
upper jaw. At the hundred and forty
fourth hour, two ventricles are visi-
BILE, and two drops of blood instead
of the single one as seen before. The
seventh day the brain begins to have
some consistency. At the one hundred
and ninetieth hour of incubation the
bill opens and the flesh appears on
the breast. In four hours more the
breastbone is seen. In six hours
after this the ribs appear, forming
from the back, and the bill is very
visible, as well as the gall-bladder.
The bill becomes green at the end
of two hundred and thirty-six hours;
and if the chicken be taken out of it's
covering it evidently moves itself.
The feather begins to shoot out to-
ward the two hundred and fortieth
hour, and the skull becomes gristly.
At the two hundred and sixty-fourth
hour the eyes appear. At the two
hundred and eighry-eighth the ribs
are perfect. At the three hundred and
sixty-first the spleen draws near the
stomach and the lungs to the chest
At the end of three hundred and fif-
ty-ive hours the bill frequently opens
and shuts; and at the end Of the
day the first cry Of the
is heard. It afterward gets
more strength and grows continually,
till at length it is able to set itself
free from it's confinement.