davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1902-02-10

ment to give Maryland an opportunity to
assert herself as a state of the Confeder-
acy. believing that the people of Mary
land desired to do so. In that Lee dis
covered that he was mistaken. and he
fought the battle of AntietRm because 1t
was necessary to reunite his army after
Jacksons movement to capture Harper's
Ferry, to enable him to return to Vir-
ginia in safety. He occupied a strong po-
sition at Antietam. from which McClel-
Ian, with an army outnumbering Lees by
one-third. had failed to dislodge him.
One of the bloodiest battles of the war
was there fought resulting In a desper-
ate struggle from o'clock in the morn
ing until sunset each army holding its
position. Lee waited day after the bat
tie for Mcclellan to renew the attack,
and finding that he could move with safe
ty, he left his position during the night
and crossed the Potomac into Virginia.
1 never saw General Lee during the war
or after the war. and 1 have always re-
GREETED that l did not avail myself Of the
many opportunities had TO visit him af-
ter the war in his modest home in the
beautiful village of Lexington. 1 saw him
frequently in Washington before the war,
but never had opportunity to have any
extended conversation with him. He was
a gentleman of most agreeable and genial
manner, always dignif1ed and courteous
ana scrupulouSly avoided the appearance
of ostentation.
There have been many criticisms of
some of his military movements and of his
qualities as a military chieftain, but 1t
may now be accepted that the name of
Robert E. Lee is crystalized in the history
of the country and OF the world as one
of the few great commanders of his CEN
fury. His character may be summed up
in single sentence, defining him as an
accomplished soldier and Christian gen.
tleman, for he filled every measure of
both great attributes. Like all great
commanders of his century, with probably
the single exception of Napoleon there
were limitations upon his capabilities.
Napoleon was equal to any condition OF
war aggressive or defensive or strate-
gically defensive and tactically agrees
sive, but in that supreme quality he
stands alone. All of the great comman-
ders of that period were noted for their
aggressive or for their defensive quail
ties. Grant was pre-eminently distinguish
ed as an aggressive warrior; Mcclellan
was pre-eminently distinguished as a de-
fensive warrior.
Grant always fought when he should
have fought, and sometimes when he
should not have fought. Mcclellan gave
the most sublime illustration of his great
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1902-02-10
1902
HOW STEPHENS AND GORDON
CAUSED WILLIAM LEROY BROUW
TO LEAVE THE STATE UNIVERSITY

WASHINGTON. ID. c., February l.
The recent death Of Prof. William Leroy
Broun, the distinguished educator, at Au-
burn. Ala, has developed the intensely
interesting story of his resignation from
the presidency OF the State College of
Georgia in 1876. The story is of excep-
tional value because II reveals plan that
was once on foot to bring Alexander Fl.
Stephens to the chancellorship Of the Uni
versity of Georgia. Besides this fact 1t
deals with prominent and historic per-
sons. such as Stephens. Gen. John b.
Gordon, Henry Grady and Congressman
w. II. Fleming
Professor Broun was acknowledged one
of the educational leaders of the south.
At the time of his service in Georgia he
was at the zenith of his power. He was
beloved Of students and citizens alike.
Governor Smith at that time said Of him.
He is the brainiest man 1 ever met"
In short, Professor Broun's influence was
felt throughout the entire state.
Yet in the very midst of this glowing
career he resigned and went to Wander
bilt university. His departure from
Georgia was blow to the commonwealth
and every section of the state felt 1t keen
ly. This story tells. for the first time
publicly. why he resigned.
Professor Broun quit Georgia through
the indirect influence of a tornado,
on the part of Alexander Stephens. an
idea Mr.. Stephens finally realized as a
mistaken one, since ii foreran an action
the great commoner regretted to his dying
day.
Professor Broun wanted the appropria-
ton of the federal government to the state
college applied to the development of
technical science, something on the order
Of the present Psychological school at At
lanta. He believed such course of in
struction would be of immense value to
the state, an opinion fully indicated and
practically demonstrated by the remark
able success of the state Psychological
school. He called the attention of the
State Agricultural society to the use of
the fund for other purposes.
General Gordon, who was then a trustee
of the university, opposed Professor
Brouns plan for the expenditure of the
federal appropriation, He contended that
the money could be better spent otherwise
in the university and took exceptions to
the technical science plan. This differ
ence of opinion brought politics into the
faculty, whereupon General Gordon, It is
said, led a fight against Professor Broun
TO remove him from the presidency Of the
college.
In this effort to unseat the president
General Gordon was unsuccessful until
Joined by Mr.. Stephens who was also a
trustee at the time Together the two
powerful Georgians made the situation so
uncomfortable for the president that he
resigned.
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1902-02-10
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Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1902-02-10
PROMOTED TO POSITION OF
COLONEL OF FIRST CAVALRY

Within two weeks after the Inauguration
of Lincoln he promoted Lieutenant Colo
mel Lee 10 the position of colonel of the
First cavalry. He was not only thor
oughly educated and experienced soldier.
but he was pronounced by Nicolay and
HAY in the Life of Lincoln" as man
"of fine presence, ripe judgment and ma
ture manhood"
II was an open secret before war was
precipitated by the firing upon Sumter
that Colonel Lee would be assigned to the
command of the union army in the field
when war came which was then accepted
as inevitable. He was known to be OPP
posed to secession, and he did not con-
ceal his views on the subject. A few
weeks before his resignation from the
army he wrote TO his oldest son, George
washington Park Custis Lee. graduate
OF West Point and major in the army:
Secession Is nothing but revolution. The
trainers of our constitution never ex-
hausted so much labor. wisdom and for
bearance in its formation and surrounded
it with so many guards and securities If
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1902-02-10
EdIson,s stotaue batteries

In Harper's Weekly Is found a most in
teresting article on "Edison's most i'm
portant discovery"
To prevent mistakes and misunderstood
ings the manuscript was submitted 10 Mr.
Edison himself before Il was printed
Mr.. Edison calls autOmobiling the sport
OF kings this travelling by storage batter
les at seventy miles an hour. He further
said the automobile should soon be as
cheap as a horse and carriage and he ex-
poets his new. storage battery to last as
long as the carriage itself. With a motor
that viii run per horse power. with
merely pint OF crude petroleum, there
can be no question as 10 the popular mode
Of pleasure riding ere long. because we
know the horse Is always an expense and
unless he IS good horse Il does not take
him long TO eat his head on. and he can
get sick and even die on short notice He
IS obliged 10 be a care as long as he is
IN use But Mr.. E-ison's travelling motor
he says. can be operated with entire safe
~ and by a woman al minimum expense.
The certainty Is another feature OF i'm
portaDce- IN starting a journey of .
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1902-02-10
BY MILF SAUL.

1t has never been clearly understood in
Georgia why Mr.. Stephens Joined General
Gordon in his fight against Professor
Broun. Congressman Fleming, who was
student at the university when the resig-
nation was handed in and who was also
an intimate associate of Mr.. stephens,
knew at least one reason why, but until
now he has not made public the story.
He related the details yesterday in con-
versation at the capitol.
A tornado had swept the state of
Georgia, carrying considerable destruc-
ton in its path. This disaster had occur
red some few months before the fight
waged by General Gordon against Prof.
Broun. Mr.. Stephens made an address
before the State Agricultural Society on
the subject of tornadoes and IL was pub
lished for general information In this
address he took the position that tor
nado was a powerful column of air drag
ged along by the movement of an upper
current of air.
A copy of the address fell into the hands
of Mr.. Fleming He read 1t and promptly
observed that Mr.. Stephens was wrong in
his definition of tornadoes. The next day
he met Prof. Broun in a class room and
commented on the address OF Mr.. Ste
phens.
why don't you reply to it?" suggested
the professor to the student Write your
own views Of the tornado and have them
published"
Subsequently Mr.. Fleming wrote an ar
ticle on tornadoes and took an entirely
different view of their cause. He contend
ed that there was no adhesive element
In air by which a twisting column could
be held to a moving strata, as Mr.. Ste
pheIs had suggested. He made light of
Mr.. stephens theory of the tornado and
used this expression:
"a column of air and a rope might be
alike in the fact that neither is tooth
pick or a fence-rail but there is scarce
ly any other resemblance
This article Mr.. Fleming sent to the
Atlanta Herald, the editor of which was
Henry w. Grady. Mr.. Grady read the ar
ticle and published 1t under big headlines
Little Alex on Tornadoes-A State Col
lege Student Takes Him to Task on His
Scientific Views"
The article was signed "Student-State
College"
Mr. Stephens read the article in The
Herald. He conceived the idea that he
was being ridiculed by some one at the
university The headlines Mr.. Grady put
on the Fleming article created this idea,
though Mr.. Fleming in his article had no
such intention. Mr.. Stephens Furthermore
believed that Professor Broun wrote or
inspired the article. for he knew that
Professor Broun differed with him on his
theory of tornadoes and was present at
the State Agricultural society when his
address was made.
Convinced, therefore, in his own mind.
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1902-02-10

fore the committee on the conduct OF the
war. He came in the quietest manner,
avoided all publicity as far as possible,
and left for his mountain home as soon as
his mission was ended. He continued TO
perform his duties as president Of the uni
versity until the fail of 1870. when he was
stricken with paralysis. and after hnger-
ing several days in an unconscious condi-
ton, he died on the 18th Of October.
The south had many heroes who called
out the deepest affections of the southern
people, but no one was so universally De-
loved as Robert E. Lee, and his memory
will ever be cherished by them as that or
the ideal hero ana gentleman. The pas
sions of civil war are now almost entirely
effaced, and I sincerely hope that before
another decade shall have passed there
will be erected on Seminary Hill, by the
Joint appropriations of the states or Vir-
ginia and Pennsylvania, an equestrian
statue Of Lee corresponding with the
statue of Meade on Cemetery Hill.
A.. x. MCCLURE.
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1902-02-10
SULTAN'S BR0THERIN-LAW
is UNDER DEATH SENTENCE

CONSTANTINOPLE, Feb. 6.-The sui
tan's brother-in-law, Damad Mahmud
Pasha, has been sentenced to death.
Mahmud has long been prominent in the
Young Turk movement. and was recently
expelled from Greece at the behest OF the
sultan. Mahmud went TO Rome. and the
sultan requested his expulsion from Italy.
IL was refused. but Mahmud proceeded TO
Paris, where he remains in safety. All the
sultan's Establishments failed TO Induce
him to return 10 Constantinople, so the
criminal court was instructed TO issue
warrant for Afahmud's arrest and to try
the fugitive by default, with the result
that he was sentenced to death.
A dispatch TO the Associated Press from
ConstantinOple. dated December Is 1889,
announced that the flight Of the sultan's
brother-in-law, Damid Mahmud Pasha,
during the previous week. with his wifes
Jewels and all the money he could collect,
had caused a great sensation there. He
was accompanied by his two sons, Princes
Sabaggedit and Luthfalla.
1t was ascertained that Mahmud sailed
for Marsailles on a steamer and the Turk
ish government telegraphed 10 the French
minister OF foreign affairs. NJ. Delcasse,
asking for the arrest of the fugitive on his
arrival at Marsailles and his return TO
Constantinople. on the charge that he was
implicated in plot to assassinate the sui
tan. This accusation, however, was gen.
orally discredited. and ii was believed the
refugee was the victim of an intrigue.
A later dispatch from Constantinople
said that Mahmud. who intended to stay
I'm Paris for a time, declared that the
charge that he appropriated money and
accepted brides was a calumny and that
ne was being prosecuted by political in
triguers. Mahmud announced that he in
tended 10 go to London and that when he
q would
open letter exposing the methods and poll
cies of Sultan Abdul Hamid, and also
brochure entitled Turkeys Coming
Downfall" Mahmud is about 50 years of
age. The sultan. after Mahmud's flight,
decreed the divorce OF his sister, Seniha
Sultana, in consequence of her husbands
desertion.
Mahmud realized 100000 francs just be-
fore his departure. but his principal es-
tates were confscated and he and his sons
were officially proclaimed renegades and
outlaws.
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1902-02-10
Colonel McCme's RecoAections of Robert E. Lee

it was intended to be broken by every
member of the confederacy at will"
But while Lee was very earnestly OPP
posed to secession, he had been educated
in support of the doctrine of the sover-
eighty of the state and Of the obedience
of the citizens to the state as paramount
to obedience to the national government.
One feature of the military record of
General Lee 1 have never seen discussed
in any of the histories of the war; Lee
on more than one occasion declared his
purpose never to draw his sword except
in defense Of the state whose sovereignty
he regarded as paramount. On the 22d
of April he left his beautiful home in Ar
lington, never to return to it, and on the
following day he was appointed by the
state authorities major general with
chief command of the Virginia state
forces. He did not enter the military SER
vice of the confederacy, but remained in
command of the state forces until the
confederate capital was moved TO Rich
mond and the state forces were incor-
porated into the southern army. He con-
Quoted q campaign in the western part Of
Virginia. without important achievement,
and he was called to Richmond by Presi-
dent Davis as chief military officer and
adviser in the confederate capital.
1t was not by accident nor by any de-
sire Of President Davis to keep so ac-
complished an officer as General Lee from
active service in the field, that General
Lee was detained in Richmond. 1t was
well known to all that Lees purpose was
not to engage in any war beyond the de-
Tense of his native state, and have good
reason to believe that he refused active
service in the field because it might re-
quire him to go beyond the lines of his
state. His oldest son, General 9. w. p.
Custis Lee, who had resigned from the
army with his father, was equally positive
in his declaration not to be engaged in
any war except in defense of Virginia,
and for this reason he was not in field
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1902-02-10

that Professor Broun had sought to make
him appear ridiculous and was not his
friend, Mr.. Stephens Joined General Cor
don In his fight. Shortly thereafter the res
ignation of the state colleges president
was handed in and accepted by the board
of trustees.
Mr.. Stephens did not find out until weeks
later that he labored under a mistaken
idea as to Professor Broun's attitude to-
ward him. Mr.. Fleming paid him a visit
at Liberty Hall, in CrawfordviI1e. The
student had stopped over on his way
home from college on a standing invita-
ton from Mr. Stephens. During the visit
the subject of the resignation of Professor
Broun came up In conversation.
YES" said Mr.. Stephens, in his shrill
voice, II think l had something to do
with defeating Broun.'
The visitor replied:
Professor Broun was one Of the most
capable educators the university ever
had He was greatly beloved by the stu
dents, and his magnificent work was rec
ognized throughout the state"
Mr., Stephens did not bring up the sub
ject of the authorship of the article which
is supposed to have influenced him to
fight the president. Mr.. Fleming would
have admitted the authorship at once IL
the subject had come up. But the con-
versation took another turn.
"Then again Professor Broun was
great admirer of yours, Mr. Stephens" the
visitor continued. do you remember that
you were offered the chair of history at
the university after the WARP"
Il do" Mr.. Stephens answered.
Professor Broun aided to bring about
that OFFER" said Mr.. Fleming. He told
me in a conversation that he did. He said,
II was the first step in a plan he had in
view which had for it's end your becoming
the chairman of the faculty and finally
the chancellor of the State university"
At this Mr. Stephens looked surprised.
His expressive countenance began to as
sumo look of pain and he placed his
hand over his eyes.
Professor Broun compared you as a
statesman to General Lee as a soldier"
Mr. Fleming went >on. He remarked to
me that the mistake of your life was in
not following the example of Lee and be-
coming the president of a southern col
lege or university to educate southern
youth"
Mr. Stephens leaned back in his chair
He sighed heavily as he realized that he
had made a mistake In fighting the edu-
Gator. He knew now that he had mis-
construed the editors position towards
him and his sensitive mind suffered keen
ly 1t flashed over him, too, that he bad
helped in depriving the state of one Of
its most valuable instructors. He thought
he had been fighting an enemy. He knew
now he had wounded and wronged
friend.
He was silent for long time.
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1902-02-10
WORK ON TERMINALS
WILL BE RESUMED

BRUNSWICK, Feb. ct is with much
qualification that the information is re-
ceived here that the vast terminals of
the Plant system which while in course of
construction by the Plant Investment
company were suddenly stopped a year
ago through litigation, will recommence
operations in a few days.
This adjunct of the Plant system of
railways has been a wonderful factor in
the development Of other places where the
systems interests are centered and al
ready through its agency a splendid dock
capable OF accommodating at least Is of
the largest ships at one time. has been
almost finished and now other improve
ments viii begin.
The dredging machine now here cost
alone more than hundred thousand dol
lars and is regarded the second largest
In the world.
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1902-02-10
COLORADO TO BANQUET
GENERAL FRED FUNSTON

DENVER, Col. Feb. Ex-Governor Or
man has received a letter from General
Funston accepting the invitation rendered
BY the governor TO become the guest of
Colorado at a banquet 20 be given to Gen.
erals Funston and Macarthur at some fu-
ture date. General Funston says he is un-
able 70 set a date, as he cannot say when
be will be released from the hospital,
where he has just undergone an operation.
u IS expected the banquet will occur some
time IN March.
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1902-02-10
MARYLAND MOVEMENT
NOT ACCEPTED AS BEST
STRATEGIC COURSE

The movement into Maryland was not
accepted as a wise strategic movement
from a military standpoint, but 1t was
dictated by the general belief in the south
that the invasion of Maryland by Lees
army would arouse the people of that
state to join the secession movement, and
for that reason, and that only. Lee cross
ed the Potomac in 1862. He did not enter
Maryland to make war on the people OF
that state, but he hoped by that move
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1902-02-10

qualities as a defensive general in the
seven-days' battles, but he never. assumed
the aggressive in a single great action,
excepting at Antietam, and then he should
have fought one day earlier, when one
third Of Lees army was engaged at Har-
per's Ferry.
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1902-02-10
NEVER UTTERED sENTENcEoF
RESENTMENT AGAINST NORTH

hESEN MEN AGAlNOl Nun ~
General Lee was one Of the gentlest OF
men. He was the one eminent southern
man during our civil war who uniformly
taught. alike by precept and example as
Lincoln taught in the north, with malice
towards none; with charity for ALL Lee,
like Lincoln, never uttered a single SEN
tence of resentment against the opposing
section. When he was finally brought TO
the surrender at Appomattox he appeared
before Grant in his best uniform, with his
finest sword at his side, ready to perform
his last sad duty for his cause with all
the dignity OF soldier and a gentleman.
Grant was in fatigue uniform and without
his sword, which at once indicated to Lee
that the delivery OF his sword was not ex-
pected.
The surrender accomplished, he asked
for rations for HIS few furnished troops. to
which a prompt and generous response
was given. and tho Confederate chieftain
who had fought FOR his cause until HIS
army was practically annihilated, quietly
retired to mis- homo in Richmond, where he
refused the gift of a house and lived in
the quietest retirement.
Soon thereafter he accepted the presi-
dency of the Washington and Lee univer-
sity, at Lexington, where he spent the
remaining few years of his life in tire
less devotion to his now duties, and where
he was worsbiped by the entire commune
ty. Fifteen years after his death 1 was
the guest of his son, General Curtis Lee.
who had succeeded his father to the presi-
dency of the university, and stood in front
of the recumbent statue over the grave
Of Lee in the college hall, while deliver
ing the commencement address.
His room in the college building remain
ed then, and still remains. precisely as
General Lee left It, including his easy
shoes in the corner, and little scraps of
paper in and about mis- desk, on which he
at times would record thought. He was
only once outside of bis state after the
war. and that was when he was sum-
moned to Washington TO be examined be-