davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Lancaster ledger. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1852-1905, 1902-08-16
AN ORDINANCE
FOR THE PROMOTION OF
HEALTH IN THE TOWN
OF LANCASTER AND PRE-
SCRIBING PUNISHMENT
FOR VIOLATION THEREOF

SECTION I. That, hereafter, all
owners.Of real EST ate, or teuants, or
persons oct upyipg same, within the
corporate Limits Of the Town OF Ian.
carter, upon which a.y dwelling
house Is situated, shall erect ther, on
suitable privies foi the convenience Of
the occupants OF said dwelling or
houses That all privies ahall be ere,t
ed Ut asst ten (lO) feet from any
ditch used for drainage and at least
fifteen ll5) feet from any of the str. e:s
of the Town; and all privies hereto.
fore er .cted, at "a nearsr distance to
drains and streets than herein pre-
scribed, shall forthwith be- moved and
reerected. + .'.f .-''i ''S'|
Section 2. That dry Garth, sshes.
charcoal or lime shall be used In ali
privies, and be placed o.: the deposits
therein, at least once Zach day, aud
that no slops, rubbish or other refuse
or filthy matter shall he p sced on
said deposits
Section 3 Thst it shall be unlawful
to bury or leave exposed. with In the
corr orat, limits Uf said Town, any
delnsits,. and that all priviss in said
corporate limits. shall be thoroughly
cleansed at, least once u month ,uur.
ing the months of Noyemb.,r. Decem
ber, January, February, March and
Ap;il, aud ouce every two we ks dur
Ing the remaining months of each
year, and at the time of cleansing
same the fecal matter, excIemeI { aud
deposits shall be carried beyond the
corporate limits of .he said Town
Section a. That the duty authorized
officers aud agents Of the Town
Council Of said Town, Including tho
members of the Board OF Health, shall
have free ingress and egress to, and
from, any privies, lot or real estate
within the corporate limits Of the said
Town, for the purpose ofcsrring out
the sanitary rules and regulations as
prescribed In this ordinance That it
shall be unlawful for any person or
persons to binder, mOIest or obs ruct
any OF the officers or Agents of said
Town In the discharge of their duties
az herein set forth That IL shall be
the duty ofthe Policemen, under the
supervision of the Board Of Health. to
Inspect all privfes In said Town dur
ing the hrst hve days of every month
and as often thereafter as the Board Of
Health may direct.
Section That any violation If the
PROVISIONS of any Of the foregoing
sections OF this ordinance shall berun.
>ished ty p fine of not more than thirty
t$3O.OO) dollars or less than one ($I.O0)
dollar, or by imprisonment for not
more than thirty days or less than
one day. -
Section 6 Thatall ordinances or parts
or ordinances inconsistent with this
ordinance are hereby re tpeaIed.
Ratified by the Mayor .nd Alder
men In ouncil assembled, this
twenty sixth day of July, A ID 1902.
IL IA "VI
Attest:
G u JONES, Clerk
! SEAL
The Lancaster ledger. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1852-1905, 1902-08-16
UnrecognlzsbIe.

''Yes, l have = pretty big
mouth, !" said the caudidman, ,
'sbut I'9bave learned to keep II
shut. Igot my lesAsn when I was
. small. boy T"N-',>9 a -
2c'dowas born and brought up on
alarm, and had the habit Of 90
ing around with my mouth wide
open, especially if there was any.
thing unusal going on. One day
an uncle, whom / had not seen
for years, paid " visit o,' *
"Hello, uncle, y said 1, looking
up at him with my mouth open
like barn door! ''a2i"9 ="
"He looked at me for . me.
msnt without answering, and then
said: ,,,.. Co.,, 80 ~,.,~>
+" 'Clese your mouth, sonny,
80 l can see who you are 80
Detroit FREQ Press. 'N ..
The Lancaster ledger. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1852-1905, 1902-08-16
ALL WERE SAVED

"For years1 suffered such untold
misery from Bronchitis, " writes
j H Johnston, of Broughton, Gs.e
"that often l was unable to work.
Then, whom everything, else failed,
l was wholly cured by Or. King 8
New Discovery for Censumption.
My wife suffered intensely from
Asthma, till it cured her, andlall
our experience goes to show it, is
the best Group medicine III the
world" A trial will convince you
it's unrivaled for Throat and Lung
diseases. Guaranteed bottles soc
and $1.00. Trial bottles free at
Crawford Bros. and j. F. Mackey
& Co.
The Lancaster ledger. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1852-1905, 1902-08-16

No-To- Bac for Fifty Cents.
Guaranteed tobacco habit cure. makes weat
men strong, blood pure Soc. q. All df lggistS
The Lancaster ledger. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1852-1905, 1902-08-16
OUR PAPER
and for 50 we will send
The Lancaster Ledger
The Semi-Weekly Journal
And the
The Home and Farm

ALL THREE ONE YEAR.
This is the best offer we have ever
made to our friends and subscribers
You had better take advantae Of this
offer at once, for The Journal may
withdraw their special rate to US at
any time.
The Semi-weekly has many promi-
nent men and women contributors to
their columns, among them being
Rev Sam Jones, Rev. Walker Lewis,
Hon Harvie Jordan, Hon John Tenn.
pie Graves and Mrs w III Felron be-
sides their corps Of efficient editors
who take care OF the news matter.
Their departments are we'll covered
It's columns'6f farm neTs is worth
thepr.ce Of ;he papers.
send direct to this Office 50 and sc :.
cure the three aboue. mentioned paper
one year, Address.
~nns> aa,A A-~2 ,..-..
The Lancaster ledger. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1852-1905, 1902-08-16
HOW'S VlyISy

We offer One Hundred Dollars Res
ward for any case OF Catarrh that cam
'r,t = eur q 'y t,a,i'S alta rh Cure.
iENEf & e., Props. To-
ie. ,, o
We th" "n'iersigneu. lave known
Shen f,r tue last Is years, and
believe h'n perfectly honorable in all
ousiLess transactions aud financially
able to carry OUT any obligations made
by their firm.
WEsT q rRUAx. wholesale Druggist.
Toledo, o.
WALDING. kINNAN & MARVIN
Wholesale Druggists. Toledo. O,
Halls Catsrrh Cure is taken in
terna!ly, acting directly upon the blood
and mucous surfaces of the system.
Prize, 75c. per hottie. sold by all
Druggists, Testimonials free.
Hairs Family Pills are the best
The Lancaster ledger. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1852-1905, 1902-08-16
To Vote in Primary.

There is considerable talk going
the rounds these days as to who
is entitled to vote in the primar>
les, and in order to set the mat.
ter straight we give below the
qualifications of the voter as pre-.
scribed by the law of the party:
Rule l. The qualification for
member ship iu any subordinate
club of the Democratic party of
this state, or for voting at a Dem.
ocratic primary, shall be as fol-
lows, viz: The applicant for
membership, or voter, shall be 81
years Of age, or shall become so
before the next succeeding general
election, and be ;, q white Demo
crat, ora Negro who voted for
General, Hampton IN, 1876, and
who has voted, the, Democratic
ticket, continuously since. Pro-
vided, that no white man shall be
excluded from participation in the
Democratic, primary who shall
take the pledge required by the
rules of the Democratic party.
The managers at each box at the
primary election shall require
every voter in a Democratic pri-
mary election to pledge himself
to abide the result of the primary,
and to support the nominees of
the party, and to take the fol.
lowing oath and pledge, viz: 81
do solemnly swear that am duly
qualified to vote at this election
according to the rules of the Dem
ocratic party, and that l have not
voted before at this election, and
pledge myself to support the
nominees of this primary"
| Constitution, article vi: At
this election only Democratic
white voters who have heen resi-
dents of the state twelve months
and the county sixty days proceed
ing the next general election, and
such Negroes as voted the Demo-
cratic ticket in 1876, and as have
voted the Democratic ticket con.
tinuousIy since, to be shown by
the certificate of ten white Demo
cratic voters, who have been res
ldents of the state the nominees
Of such elections, may vote: Pro-
vided. That no person shall be
allowed to vote except his name
be enrolled on the particular club
list at which he offers to vote, at
least five days before the first
election. Each club shall have a
separate polling place for primary
elections.
The Lancaster ledger. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1852-1905, 1902-08-16
AN ORDINANCE.
PROVIDING FOR AN ANNUAL
TAX ON, ALLDOGSFOUND
WITHIN, THE LIMITS. OF
THE TOWN. OF LANCAS.c
TER.

Be II ordained by the Mayor and
Aldermen OF the Town Of Lancaster.
In council assemble and by the an.
thOrity Of same - - ~.
Sec That All annual tax of One
Dollar is hereby assessed and levied
against the owner Of each deg or
bitch kept within the corporate Limits
OF said tDwn to be paid. oh or before
Jany lat 1868. and on. or .L.fors Jan.
uafy lat OF each and o.. y2year thti o.
aner,., That upon ,pay msnt- Of said.
tax. the owner Of any dog or bitch
shelf be furnished by tilep (,flfe (. or
Police With y 'sg which. shaft. he i'm.
meniately placed upon said dog or
bitch by being attached 10 q. COLLAR
:. Section 3 That any dog or bitch
foubd running 1t large without the
tag prescribed in section Q of this or.
dinaDce, shall he seized anu i'm pound.
cd by ti.e officers OF the tow n and nm.
lees the said tax IT nf One Dollar. To
getber with an additional amount of
twentyhv cents foI the TAXI ing IN of
said dog or pitch, is pa d within
thirty hours from time Of seizure then
FALL dog "r bitch shall forthwith be
killed,
Ratified by ,he Mayor ard Alder
men In council assembled this Goth
day of July. 1902.
Attest:
i--) CD JoNH-;
SEAL Clerk.
The Lancaster ledger. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1852-1905, 1902-08-16
( SEAL
~
NOTICE.
10 the citizens of the Town Of,
Lancaster.

The Town Council has passed an
ordinance requiring ivy deposits to
De carried beyond the Town limit.
The Council can do this work cheap.
ersand more satisfactorily than private
individuals, provided sufficient
number Of persons will contract with
1t, to d0so 80,
The Town will do the work. at the,
following ra'es per year. / ayab Q Ii
advance. Viz: 81 .25 for private Tami.
lies; So Oh for Hotels and So co for
Boarding houses. provide d / oxes are
made> and placed below lbe .pIiyv
seats. and provided pai ties contracting
will come, forward aud pay the above
amounts to the Town Treasurer
M E.clny y July s8th. 1902 .
r.. p Wylie- Mayor.
The Lancaster ledger. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1852-1905, 1902-08-16

W.-''They tell me the auto
mobile has been init cd aced7 in
your town " A.N
T.-"Introducedl 1t didn't
wait to be introduced. 1t made
itself at home right of. The
first day it ran over two children
and a man with a wooden leg. and
it has threatened three times to
break into the drug store at the
corner.
The Lancaster ledger. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1852-1905, 1902-08-16
Managers For The
=. 7" .' Primary Election,
Headquarters Exec, Com.
Lancaster County, S. G.

Lancaster County, S. G.
August Is, 1902.
Pursuant to- the rules govern
ing the Democratic Primary Elec-
lions for the State of South Caro-
lima, an election will be held, ut
the various precincts of Lancas-
ter County on the last Tuesd ay
in August (the 26th) for the nom
ination of State and County Off
GERS, members of the Generah As,
sembly, members of Congress and
one United States Senator. The
polls will open at s O'Clock in the
morning and remain open till 4
O'Clock in the afternoon. The
following managers will serve at
said election:
.. BELAIR. ..,
ID. S. Wilson, j. o. Hall and
Jack Ashley.
VANWYCK.
q. II. Griffin, q. w. McGuirt
and 6. L. Vaughn. ......
NEW CUT.
r. j. Flynn, T. R. Langley
and j. @. Williams.
TRADEsvILLE.
j H. Stewart, E. &C. Funder- :
burk and }. g. Laney.
DwIaHT.
Jas. M. Stogner, j. H. Steele
and D. E. Walters.
TAxAHAw.
j. z. Ingram, Amos Bird and
+. M. Lowery.
WELsH'S.
w. f. Estridge, S. B. Roberts
and ". j. Cunningham.
FLAT CREEK.
X. l.. Blackmon, Lee Bird and
Rochel Morgan.
HALLE 0Ol.D MINE.
j. A. Baker, r. r. Williams
and A. S. Brown.
KERsHAw.
H. j. Gardner, w. L. Black
mon and R. S. Floyd.
HEATH SPRINGS.
G. l.. Mobley, E. NJ. Bruce
and o.. w. Mackey.
CARMEL.
A. H. Carter, James Hunter
and T. l.. -Sowel. ~, o-,,.
,,-c r., MONTGOMERY.
w. PCHilllard, j., NJ. Williams
and j. r. Bar per. .r~ ,-- ,.,.r,
LANCASTER, g. H..
Jerry M. Knight, j. Clark
Robinson and G. w. Jones.
THoRNwRLL.
j. r. Thompson, Turner Culp
and j.. Wrea Fhiman. 80 ci3 lnl1s
',~o v~>ar' .ELGiN.TrcoT = n't
A.. D.. Bailey, j. s. f1agins and
Reece Porter. ,oq r:r', -.c,l. >,-e
~ o. ~ PRINUs.. rol ,,n-Ho o
E. o. 'Hinson, w. B. Miller
and Joseph Fanlkenberry., 80 ~,
At least one manager from each
precinct is required to come to
the court house on Saturday the
23rd and get ballot boxes for
use on the 26th.
,....- H., E. CoFrEY, ~
Chairman
The Lancaster ledger. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1852-1905, 1902-08-16
Mexican Mustang
Eminent
ANCASTER AND CHESTER
RAILWAY

ANCASTER AND CHESTER
RAILWAY
schedule in effect June s, 1902.
DAILY except Sunday
WESTBOUND EASTBUUND.
Nos. ii and Is. Nos. IS and Il.
4 M. P M. A "a. PM
500 6 As Ar Chester Ly 1000 SIS
7.SO els Richburg lOS7 S45
7.8 COS Bascombville IO47 $50
TO $40 Fort.Lawp IL O3 905
.S 5.l5 Ly Lancaster ar II 30 9 30
No. IA. leaving Lancaster 6.45 am.
makes close conrectinp at Chester
With southern kaliWay No SO for
ihariotte aud poiuts n,rrh; AID Sea-
'"arJ Air Lin, Atlan's -,ecialn
u atlanta aud poiuta Yves, Also
Win carouna and Northwestern Rail-
vay No. 10 for enoir N. G., and in
srmediate points. ard southern Rail-
7ay No 80 f,e .".umb,;. and points
soulh.
No. is. leaving Chester 1000 a M,
connects with Southern Railway No.
SS from Columbia and points south;
Seaboard Air Line "Atlsnta Special"
nom northern and eastern points and
Southern Railway No. SO from North
ern and eastern points, an Lam
caater with G & G f for Blacksburg.
No. l8. leaving Lancaster Is m,
connects at Lancaster with 8 c GE
nom Camden and Marion, aud South
ern Railway No, "a at Chester for
Charlotte and points north.
mo. IL, leaving Chester S.l5 D m,
connects at Chester with Southern
Railway No. "a from Columbia and
points south.
JAS NJ. HEATH, Gen Pass. Agt
LEROY SPRINGS. President.
The Lancaster ledger. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1852-1905, 1902-08-16
$3.50 PER ANNUH.

Educate Your Bowels with Cnscaross.
Candy Cathartt., cure constipation forever
i0c. 25c. II G. @. c. fail. 6~uagists refund nonSI
, 1902-12-25

One of the most popular public re-
sorts in Cody is the establishment Of
Mr.. Bert Oliver, a picture of which is
presented in this issue. Mr.. Oliver
came from Ohio several years ago when
"a mere kid. and after stopping for "A
year or two at Sheridan. hit the trail
for the Big Horn basin in 1891. and
with little intermission has lived here
ever since. Bert is well and popularity
, 1902-12-25

known to nearly every resident of the
county. He has been engaged in the
stock business at various times and
since coming to Cody has built up a
successful business, as well as becom-
ing prominently identified with public
affairs. Mr.. Oliver is IA generous pro-
motor of every movement looking to
the advancement of the town, always
ready and willing to do his share.
, 1902-12-25

Everyone knows generous J.. b
Primm, proprietor of the Cody Elk.
change, a man who is always ready and
willing to do Il favor and assist the
needy. ben" as his friends call him
has lived here for sever al years and
, 1902-12-25

has made many friends by his open
handed liberality. His establishment
is a popular resort and Ben ~endeavors
to treat everyone in a proper manner.
Mrs. Primm is equally popular add the
couple have a host of sincere friends.
, 1902-12-25

-Subscribe for the Cody Enterprise.
Only $500 year with that beautiful.
book, Last of the Great Scouts" free,
The courier., 1902-07-05

The Hawthorne society of the high
school had planned a hay rack ride for
Tuesday evening. in honor of the Sc
niors who will enter the university this
fall. The rain prevented the ride, but
not the good time anticipated. as the
young people went to Walsh hall and
had a picnic supper. a dance and a
jolly time generally. An orchestra
played inspiring music. The party was
chaperoned by Mrs. Elias Baker, Miss
Lansing and Miss Gere. Those pres
ent were Misses Mary Byers, Dorrance
Harwood, Celia Harris of st. Louis,
Eunice De Steiguer of Kansas City,
Hazel Murray, Alice Aud, Sallie Ag-
new, Julia Deweese, Madge Wilson,
winifred Sherman, Helen Wilson,
Edith Wilson, Margery Watkins, Har-
riett Hutton, Ruth Jakway, Edna
Baker. Ruth Baker. Louise Hoover,
Mabel De Putron: Messieurs Fred
Hurtz, Harry Hargreaves, Joe Orcutt.
Herbert Post, Dick Clark, Ted Faulk-
ner, George FaweIl, Lloyd Wilson.
Clyde Hagensick, Earl Foster, Ned
Loomis. Harold Culbertson, Lyle
Ewing, Mason Wheeler, Chester Parks,
Jameson, NJ. Rathburn, La Water
Thompson, Rathburn, Herbert Avery.
q e g
Mrs. Samuel North entertained a
company of ladies Saturday evening
The courier., 1902-07-05
SOCIETY NOTES
LIFE'S May WHIRL

tense Clark. Comstock. Lorraine Com
stock. Lillian Robson, Edith Dumont,
Janet and Mamie Rodgers.
One town in the United States has
been discovered in which not one we'd
ding was celebrated during the month
of June. 1t is Hammonton, New Jer-
sey. 1t is said that there are no bach
elor clubs there, nor bachelor girls or
ganiZations, and the older folk are
wondering whether Hammonton young
men are unappreciative of feminine
charms. or whether one of the local
clergymen gave the correct explana-
ton of the lack of marriages when he
said: THE pulpit deplores the falling
off in the number of marriages, be-
cause the young man, in the ordinary
vocation of life, cannot afford to fur
nish and maintain a home. because of
the excesses in living and dress" The
persons advancing both of these theo-
ries appear to take it for granted that
the girls are simply waiting to be
asked. Poor things, the uncertainty
must be dreadful
The courier., 1902-07-05
HE COUR ER

in honor of Miss Helen Burnell OF
Marshaltown. Iowa. Miss Eunice Reg
nier received the guests at the door
and directed them upstairs. Red crepe
paper from which the guests made hats
to be worn at supper. was provided by
the hostess. The supper room was
decorated with red carnations and
sweet peas. and iliumined by red
candles. The napkins were red as
were also many of the viands served.
Small tables were used for the supper.
A large music box played throughout
the evening. Guests were Mesdames
NJ. A. Dewitt, j. F. Stevens. III. III.
ley. George Brown, Arthur North,
Herbert Gardner. b. Y. Regnier. T. c.
Brownell. j. NJ. Camp. Adna Dobson.
Misses Helen Burnell. Florence Har-
mon of Tecumseh. Helen Howland.
Hattie Shaffer, Mae Biltgen. Blanche
Dewitt, Minnie 10 Don. Emma North.
Margaret Howland. Blanche Rodgers,
Florence Marr, Mabel MARI. Ora
Hitchcock, Jennie Hitchcock. Eunice
Regnier
x x x
Miss Jessie Louise Lansing, the ac-
complished daughter of Mr.. j. F. Ian
sing of this city was married June
twenty fourth in Lewiston. Idaho, To
Mr.. Curtis Thatcher. prosperous
young business man of Lewiston. The
May. but Miss Lansing and her
brother, Mr.. Ivan Lansing. went to
Lewiston recently for a visit. when oc-
The courier., 1902-07-05

CURED the change of plan. The mar
riage was celebrated at the home of a
former neighbor of the Lansings, who
was formerly Miss Emma Gregory,
who is now married and resides in
Lewiston. Miss Lansing was reared in
Lincoln and has many friends here.
Mr.. Thatcher is a member of the firm
Of Thatcher & Clinton, general mer-
chandise, and is prominent in Lewis
ton affairs. Mr. and Mrs. Thatcher
month for a two months visit.
x K <
Rev. Frank L. Carson of Lakeview.
Chicago, who preached so acceptably
last Sunday morning at the First
Presbyterian church, was the guest
while in Lincoln of Mr. and Mrs. T. NJ.
Hall. pleasant feature of Mr. Car
sons visit here was the meeting Of a
college classmate. Reverend James Tut
tie, of the First Congregational church,
whom Mr.. Carson had not. seen for
twenty-three years. A union service
was held Sunday evening in Mr. Tut
ties church when Mr.. Carson preached.
< 4 x
Mr.. and Mrs. Carl Funke and Mr. and
Mrs. c. G. Crittenden entertained Les
Bohemiennes last evening at a picnic
supper, after which there was fire
works.
The courier., 1902-07-05

VIII.
Mr.. and Mrs. William Hargreaves
were over Sunday guests Of Beatrice
friends.
Mrs. Z. Benjamin Andrews was the
guest of Mrs. A. Bivens in Beatrice
on Monday.
Reverend and Mrs. F. s. Stein left
this week for their summer home In
Minnesota.
Miss Eunice De Steiguer of st. Jo-
seph. is the guest of her aunt. Mrs.
George Risdon.
Mrs. NJ. w. Witter viii leave tomor-
row for Pine. Colorado. where she will
spend the summer
Mrs. G. w. Rhodes and Mrs. William
Jamson have gone to Tadousak, Can
ada. for the summer.
Mrs. ]. L. Stiles will leave in about
a week for Salt Lake city. where she
will spend her vacation.
4
Mrs. Morris Deutsch of Horton. Kan
sas. is the guest for the summer of
her sister. Mrs. A. r. Mitchell
Miss Isabel Monahan. an accom-
plished musician of Salt Lake City. has
been the guest of Miss Silence Dales
Miss Dorrance Harwood entertained
a company of young people pleasantly
Saturday evening in honor of her cous-
in. Miss Celia Harris of ST. Louis.
Mr.. and Mrs. Clinton r. Lee left on
Sunday for Chicago. Mrs. Lee will be
the guest of friends in the city by the
lake. while Mr.. Lee will continr~ his
journey eastward, visiting New York.
Boston and Baltimore.
Mr.. and Mrs Thomas Marsland have
gone to Seattle to witness the laying
of the keel of the battleship Nebras-
ka. They will also go to Olympia to
visit their daughter, Mrs. Drain. where
Mrs. Marsland will remain for several
weeks.
The marriage OF Mrs. Josephine Fish
er and Dean L. A. Sherman was cele-
brated June twenty-ffth in Boston. Mr.
and Mrs. Sherman have gone abroad
for their honeymoon They will return
in the autumn and will receive their
friends after October fifteenth at their
home. 1894 street.
Doctor and Mrs. J. F. Stevens gave
a dinner last Thursday evening in
honor of Mr.. and Mrs. III. A. Kepler.
who are soon to remove from Lincoln.
Besides the guests of honor those pres
ent were Mrs. Kepler of Mt. Vernon.
Iowa, Mrs. Bell Riggs, Miss Gertrude
Kepler and Mr.. Jay Kepler.
-
Miss Edith Shaw, the brilliant young
pianist, has returned from New York,
where she was for eight months under
the tuition Of Mcdowell, the great
pianist and teacher. Apropos, Mr. Nc
Dowell will give two concerts in Ne
braska during the coming season. let
US hope that Lincoln will be one of the
favored cities
Mr.. and Mrs. H. B. Granger gave a
delightful lawn party last evening at
their home, $40 C street, for the men,
hers of the F f ID kansingtOn and