davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Pascagoula democrat-star. (Pascagoula, Miss.) 1878-1920, 1902-01-10
MISSISSIPPI LEGISLATURES,

-
On Tuesday at noon the Legislature
met In special session. Speaker \.
j. Russell in calling the House Ia
order delivered Il maStcrml address.
The chief feature was the message ~
Governor LonAino, which pointed out
the prosperous condition Of the State.
The special recommendations to he
considcred and voted upon are rs
follows;
The passage Of road laws that will
encourage the building Of better high
ways in the State.
The purchase OF Beauvoir, to be
used as a home for Confederate veter-
ans.
More liberal appropriations for the
Legislature and State Board OF
Health.
The establishment OF a State agri-
cultural experiment station in the
Yazoo delta.
The creation OF the Office OF State
veterinarian and a live stock sanitary
board.
More liberal appropriations for the
public schools and for the State col.
leges and other institutions OF higher
learning.
Increase OF salaries OF all State
officers, judges and district attorneys.
A liberal appropriation for a Mis-.
sissippi exhibit at the St. Louis Ex-
position.
The bringing Of a friendly suit to
determine the water boundary be.
tween Louisiana and Mississippi.
The revision Of the State primary
law.
The Governor indorses all the rec.
concentrations made by the Attorney
General, such as codifcatiOn OF the
laws, amendment Of antitrust law,
saving clause, fees and salaries, taxes,
statistics, etc. He also gives his in
dOrsement to the recommendation OF
the Auditor OF the creation of a de.
partment OF banking and insurance
and the passage OF new laws govern.
ing these subjects.
1t becomes my sad duty to make
formal announcement to you that
Col. J. l.. Power, late Secretary of
State departed this life at his home in
Jackson on the oath day Of Scptem-
Der, A. D., 1901.
His love for the State Of Mississip.
pi knew no bounds and his loyalty to
It's every interest was complete; his
respect for its laws was reverential,
and his contempt was supreme for
those who wantonly dishOnored and
disobeyed them. AS IA private citi-
zen his friendships were fervid and
enduring, his enmities few, his phil.
anthropy great and his charity sub.
lime. In his death the State has lost
one Of its most public spirited and
useful men, and the administration
OF which he was apart, one of its
WjSest cOunSplOrS.
The Pascagoula democrat-star. (Pascagoula, Miss.) 1878-1920, 1902-01-10

The law firm OF Everitt & Doty Is
dissolved by mutual consent, Mr..
Doty having returned to Meridian
and Mr.. Horace p. Everitt has form.
ed a partnership with Hon. Walter
NJ. Denny. The firm name is now
Evcritt & Denny. Both gentlemen
are so well-known and such high.
toned gentlemen, reliable and pro.
found lawyers w deem it, unnecessary
for US tn say anything in commcnda.
tion OF this law firm. See dissolution
notice IN advertising columns.
The Pascagoula democrat-star. (Pascagoula, Miss.) 1878-1920, 1902-01-10
.V-esC .sdrsrfisessse ss Is.
Dissolution Notice.

Notice is hereby given that the law
firm Of EVERETT 4 DoTY Is dissolved by
mutual consent, l.. II. Doty withdraw
ing and II. b. Everitt forming . partner
ship with w. M. Denny and continuing
to practice law at Scranton, in firm OF
Everitt Il Denny, Mr.. Doty returning ia
Meridian. The business Of the old firm
will have the attention Of both mem
bers from their respective points OF To-
cation as far as practicable.
H. b. EVERETT,
L. II. DoTY.
Scranton, Miss, Jan. 8. 1902.
Jan. 10. 1902. 4S-4t
The Pascagoula democrat-star. (Pascagoula, Miss.) 1878-1920, 1902-01-10

Major James X. Vardaman, the
able and digniied editor OF the Green.
wood Commonwealth, 1t is understood
will be a candidate for Governor In
1903. We are for him first, last and
all the time, and We believe he viii be
elected, and know he will make the
mast acceptable Governor the State
has had In macy. many years.
The Pascagoula democrat-star. (Pascagoula, Miss.) 1878-1920, 1902-01-10
D. D. COWAN,
Real Estate Agent,
SCRANTON, MISS
Dec. 6. 1901. 4s.iv
LAND NOTICE.

LAND OFFICE AT JACKSON, MISS
December l8, 1901.
Notice is hereby given that the follow.
ifs-named settler has filed notice OF his
intention to make final proof In support
OF his claim, and that said proof Wilt be
made before the Circuit Clerk Of jack
son county, at Scranton, Miss, on Feb.
ruary u, 1902, viz:
Robert Parker. Of Americas, Miss,
homestead entry No. 1890, for the swN,
west.
He names the following witnesses 70
prove his continuous residence upon
and cultivation Of said land, Wig:
William Il. Garter, Print N. Carter.
Rufus Ferrill, Abram Polk, all Of Amer.
icus, Miss. LANES Hill.
r..- Register.
DecemDer ~, lBOl. N-0t
The Pascagoula democrat-star. (Pascagoula, Miss.) 1878-1920, 1902-01-10
STA ND 10 YOUR GUNS,

Louisville Courier Journal. aaI
Let but the Democrats stand to
their guns and keep their printing
dry. There are Il good many things
between heaven AMI earth not dream.
ed 81 10 Teddy's philosophy. He Ia a
smart young man. He is a bird of
gay and vaudy plumage VIM sails
high But -! And hut -! And
VT again but" ssE v
The Pascagoula democrat-star. (Pascagoula, Miss.) 1878-1920, 1902-01-10
Nonresident Notice.

The State Of MISSISSIPPI.
To Catherine Davis: You are COM
manded to appear before the Chancery
Court Of Jackson county, Mississippi, at
the court house thereof on the
2nd Monday of February, 1902.
to defend the suit of Jesse Davis, bill
for divorce wherein you are defendant.
This the Sth day Of January, 1902.
F. H. LEWIS, Clerk.
January 10, 1902. 4S-4t
The Pascagoula democrat-star. (Pascagoula, Miss.) 1878-1920, 1902-01-10

The Mobile Register was SO years
old last week. 1t is looking as young
and vigorous as a youth OF twenty
years. May it live on and prosper for
many years more.
The Pascagoula democrat-star. (Pascagoula, Miss.) 1878-1920, 1902-01-10
on. Resident Notice.
State Of Mississippi,

To Carl Il. Eiselen, Emile Summers.
Bartha Summers and Louis Summers,
father amt natural guardian OF said
Emile Summers and Bartha Summers.
You are commanded to appear before
the Chsncery Court of the County OF
Jackson, In said State, on the
2nd Monday Of February, d. d., 1902,
to show csuse, II any you can, why the
petition Of J.I.Ford. administrators Of the
estate Of L. Ernst H. Eiselen, deceased,
praying. for authority to sell the real
estate OF said d%ecedent, should not b
granted, and wherein you are defen.
dants. r. H, LEWIS. CLARK.
December %, 1901. 4b-4t
The Pascagoula democrat-star. (Pascagoula, Miss.) 1878-1920, 1902-01-10

Mr.. Stephen d. Fessalen, Of this
State has been appointed assistant
Statistican OF the Department OF
Agriculture.
The Pascagoula democrat-star. (Pascagoula, Miss.) 1878-1920, 1902-01-10

IL is now reported that Miss Stone
has been liberated. The old girl has
certainly suffered in body and mind.
The Pascagoula democrat-star. (Pascagoula, Miss.) 1878-1920, 1902-01-10

----~@f-------- II"
1t Is cofldently believed that the
Nicaragua canal scheme is now IN
healthier and more hopeful condition
than II has been at any time since II
was suggested, In the year 1900.
The Pascagoula democrat-star. (Pascagoula, Miss.) 1878-1920, 1902-01-10

Senator Foraker, Of Ohio has about
done up Mark Alonzo Hanna In that
State. We are glad for the sake OF
the whole country.
The Pascagoula democrat-star. (Pascagoula, Miss.) 1878-1920, 1902-01-10

On account Of the great advance in
the prices OF all printing material the
Natchez Daily Democrat announces a
small advance in the subscription
rates OF the Democrat. The country
weekly will have to do likewise soon
we think. il things don't change.
The Pascagoula democrat-star. (Pascagoula, Miss.) 1878-1920, 1902-01-10

head carefully the advertisements
~ tae DENocRAT,STAR II you. want
70 know what u going on-in the bust.
ness world. iy9s
The Pascagoula democrat-star. (Pascagoula, Miss.) 1878-1920, 1902-01-10

Some Of the weather prophets are
predicting an early spring.
The Pascagoula democrat-star. (Pascagoula, Miss.) 1878-1920, 1902-01-10

Every indication points to a pros
porous year throughout the country.
The Pascagoula democrat-star. (Pascagoula, Miss.) 1878-1920, 1902-01-10

They say that Jerry Simpson wears
socks now.
The Pascagoula democrat-star. (Pascagoula, Miss.) 1878-1920, 1902-01-10

There are about $50 INDECENT ex.
Confederate soldiers IN this State,
who would he eligible for admission
to the Soldiers Home if the legisla.
ture in its wisdom sees proper to
make ii sufficient appropriation for
establishing such a home.
The Pascagoula democrat-star. (Pascagoula, Miss.) 1878-1920, 1902-01-10

Whisperings are being heard in the
air that are even louder than the
mysterious Music" pf the P~ascagou.
las. They come from the direction OF
Ellisville, Lucedale and Meridian.
sweetly musical in land echoes. So
said a young lady the other evening,
and that she had, while sitting in the
quiet OF her east end Pascagoula home
heard family the rumble " a sixty.
inile-an-hour train growing louder
and louder, coming upon time to its
terminal here. 1t was Number One,
OF the Great Northern and Pascagou-
la Railway.
The Pascagoula democrat-star. (Pascagoula, Miss.) 1878-1920, 1902-01-10

State Senator Wesley G. Evans, of
this district rendered his resignation
a few days ago on account of his poor
health, but a host OF his friends per.
suaded him to withdraw his resigna.
ton. He will serve out his term il
not providentially hindered. Mr..
Evans has made us a good, safe sena.
tor, and we would be sorry to lose him
at this time.
The Pascagoula democrat-star. (Pascagoula, Miss.) 1878-1920, 1902-01-10

The Yazoo City Herald comes to
US this week changed from four to
eight pages. in a bran new dress.
printed on clean, clear, white paper.
the best gotten up in all respects OF
any newspaper that comes TO this
ONCE. Mr.. John G.. MCGUIRE is a
brainy Young man, knows well how
to turn cut every week a newsy, well
edited newspaper. The Herald now
has sixty columns ''all home print"
All the type for the paper Is set in it's
otice. No Yankee ''plate or patent
matter" is used in the makeup OF the
Herald. We sincerely wish the Her.
aid continued success until time is no
more and John G. Mcclure is up
yonder singing with the angels.
The Pascagoula democrat-star. (Pascagoula, Miss.) 1878-1920, 1902-01-10

Excerpt from Capt. Richmond
Pearson Hobson's address before the
Young Mems Christian Association
NJ New Orleans on Sunday last:
Take science and combine it with
hard work, and the possibilities are
beyond all computation. Hard work
Is after all the key.note Of every ex-
cel'eucr. Without it success car
come ~ M walk OF life. and a man
should md pleasure in his work. Let
MIN apply his scientific method and
say, J viii make ~ myself the very
pest man that cun-not unly pl,ys;.
cai.y' but nicntally-not on,v mon.
taliy' hut spiritually Then there i.
c"ance OF amounting to sometime
Let MIN say; 4 will seize every m.
~portunity for helping my ramilr,
ihen 'ct him extend the doctrine ~
MS friends, to the community. 70 ~.
state and % the nation. Let him
labor 70 extend hlA influence a. \,
tnatis good and pure.r =
The Pascagoula democrat-star. (Pascagoula, Miss.) 1878-1920, 1902-01-10

Rev. l. E. Hall, pursuing his en-.
beavers to induce the extension OF the
Moss Point & %Pascagonla Railroad to
connect with the Mobile, Jackson
n Kansas City Railroad, visited Mo.
bile last Saturday to consult with the
ofhcIals OF the latter company. 1t
seems that as 4 basis, the business
men and capitalists OF Meridian and
Hattiesburg have expressed a willing.
ness TO donate 500, 600 by each city
toward the building of a road to Pas.
cagoula, Mississippi's natural ocean
outlet. Mr.. Hall is very sanguine OF
success in his undertaking.
The Pascagoula democrat-star. (Pascagoula, Miss.) 1878-1920, 1902-01-10
THIS PAPER IS ALL HOME PRINT
Scranton, Mississippi:
FRIDAY JANUARY 10, 1902

c.-... r,. Denserat.star
OQee. No. 0e.
Wadsworth semi-weekly dispatch. [volume] (Wadsworth, Nev.) 1899-1904, 1902-09-05
To Investors.

Mr.. lnves tor. show US a single in
stance where there was ever a cent
lost In buying shares in a Salmon Can
nery Company on the Pacific Coast.
II y2u can. you a get a good reward.
Wnsn you have fully convinced your
sell that this is a fact. why not send
for particulars to the Company who
offers you today 81 shares at is cents
ami the next block goes positively to
Is cents. A quick investigation will
surely be big money to you by writing
to the Interstate Fisheries Company,
No 3O2-3o3 Pacific Block. Seattle,
Wish.
Wadsworth semi-weekly dispatch. [volume] (Wadsworth, Nev.) 1899-1904, 1902-09-05
His Sight Threatened.

While picnicking last month my
i~l-year-old boy was poisoned by some
weed or plant says w. H. Dibble, Of
Sioux City, la. He rubbed the poison
off his hands into his eyes and for a
while we we're afraid he would loose
his sight. Finally a neighbor recon-
mended DeWitt's Witch Hazel Salve.
The first application helped him and in
a few days he was as well as ever
For skin diseases. cuts, burns, scalds,
wounds. insect bites, DeWitt's Witch
Hazel Salve is sure cure. Relieves.
piles at once. Beware Of c %ounterfeits
Wadsworth semi-weekly dispatch. [volume] (Wadsworth, Nev.) 1899-1904, 1902-09-05
He Owes his Life to the Fore
thought Of a companion.

While on a camping II p ia Webster
county. Mr. S. l. Stump, Of Norman
town, w. Va. had a ssfyers attack Of
bloody flux. He says, Il firmly believe
that owe my life to the forsthought Of
one Of the company VINO had taken
along a bottle Of Chanterlaln's Colo,
Cholera and Dlarrhoea Remedy
Moral Procure a bottle Of this remedy
before leaving home. 1t cannot be
obtained when on a hunting, fishing or
prospecting trip. Neither can it BE-
obtained while on bsard cars or steam
ship, and at such time and places 1t is
most likely to be needed. Ths safe
way is TO have it with you. Thousands
Of travellers never leave home on a
journey without ii. For sale by all
druggists.
Wadsworth semi-weekly dispatch. [volume] (Wadsworth, Nev.) 1899-1904, 1902-09-05
WORK IN THE KITCHEN.

How The Labor of Washing Pots and
Pans May be Lightencd.
Take n new whisk broom and cleanse
1t thoroughly in a hot suds; dry II and
hang 1t OH a nail over the sink where
1t is within easy reach. At mealtime.
as you dish the food for the table, set
the kettle IN which 1t was cooked i'm
mediately in the sink and draw it full
of water. so that every part which the
food has touched will be in soak. Ket-
ties that are left TO stand unwashed
without asy water In them during the
mealtlme hour are ten times the trou-
BILE to clean afterward. 1t takes only
a 10 turn the faucet. and the
kettle will be full probably by the time
you have enptied the next one. Treat
the frying pans-cverything in which
you have cooked-in the same way.
Hot water rs the best. IL you have a
good sized boiler. you can easily spare
enough from IT,.
When you are ready 10 begin wash
ing the utensils. take the whisk broom
and run 1t around tue kettle. removing
all the bits OF food that cling to the
edge Of It: then around the sides and
bottom III the same wny. You will find
the broom to he far more useful than
a cloth or than the arrangement OF
metal rings which does duty in the
same way. The metal rings are an inn
provement on the cloth. but not SO good
rs the broom. After you have emptied
the rinsing water draw fresh hot wa
ter from the faucet into the kettle.
make a suds with the soap shaker and
with the broom wash the kettle all
over, rinse of the soap under the
faucet and dry.
Wadsworth semi-weekly dispatch. [volume] (Wadsworth, Nev.) 1899-1904, 1902-09-05
To My Friends.

1t is wit JOY | tell you what kodol
did for me. was troubled with my
stomach for several months. Upon
being advised to use Kodol, | did 50,
and words cannot tell the good it done
me. A neighbot had dyspepsia SO that
he had tried most everything. told
him to use Kodol. Words Of gratitude
have come TO me from him because |
recommended it.--Geo. w. Fry. Vio-
Ia, Iowa. Health ana strength, Of
mind and body. cepend on the stomach.
and nomal activity Of the digestive or
gans. Kodol, the great re~constructive
tonic. cures all stomach and bowel
troubles, indigestion. dyspepsia. Kodol
digests any good food you eat, Take
a dose after meals:
Wadsworth semi-weekly dispatch. [volume] (Wadsworth, Nev.) 1899-1904, 1902-09-05

LEGAL ADVERTISING
assessment notices 81.
Annual meeting notices ~.
Aotice OF appointment of administrator -.
For all other advertising legal rates Will be
charged.
Wadsworth semi-weekly dispatch. [volume] (Wadsworth, Nev.) 1899-1904, 1902-09-05
Filthy TempIes in india.

Sacred cows often defile Indian tenn
pies. but worse yet is a body that's pol
Iuted by constipation. Don't permit it.
Cleanse your system with DR.. Kings
New Life Pills and avoid untold mis-
sery. They give lively livers, active
bowels, good digestion, fine appetite
Only Csc at druggists and dealers.
Wadsworth semi-weekly dispatch. [volume] (Wadsworth, Nev.) 1899-1904, 1902-09-05
Skaters All Records.

Twice in hospital, F. A. Gulledge
Verbena. Ala. paid a vast sum to doc
tors to cure q severe case Of piles,
causing "a tomors. When all failed.
Bucklen's Arnica Salve soon cured
him. Subdues inflammation, conquers
Aches, kills Pains. Best salve in the
world. Csc at druggists and dealers.
Wadsworth semi-weekly dispatch. [volume] (Wadsworth, Nev.) 1899-1904, 1902-09-05
WAoSWoRTH DISPATCH
Published Every
TUESDAY AND FRIDAY

BY THE
Ossl.A rCn rURL,sniN. e.'.
Wadsworth semi-weekly dispatch. [volume] (Wadsworth, Nev.) 1899-1904, 1902-09-05
Hellol!!

The latest High grade, High speed.
Ball bearing, lightest running and long
est lived Machines in Amsrica at bar
gains; also Of the best Shuttle ma
chimes. Do not be deceived but see
them and try than before, purchasing
any other. Edwin Fowler. the Sewing
Machine man, agent. Clough and
Crosby Block, Reno. Phone black ga.
81 o.
Wadsworth semi-weekly dispatch. [volume] (Wadsworth, Nev.) 1899-1904, 1902-09-05
LEGAL

Cards of Thanks aud locals. 10 CTS
IA line for first insertion ana b cts thereafter.
Wadsworth semi-weekly dispatch. [volume] (Wadsworth, Nev.) 1899-1904, 1902-09-05
Must Pay Dispatch Bills.

Those owing the DISPATCH must
oay up for July and former months.
Ne need the money.
Wadsworth semi-weekly dispatch. [volume] (Wadsworth, Nev.) 1899-1904, 1902-09-05
Baptist Church.

Pastor F. S. Lawrence. Preaching
every Sunday at II a. m. and 7:3o
p. IN. Y. P. S. C. E. at I p. m
Prayer meeting every Thursday even
ing K
Wadsworth semi-weekly dispatch. [volume] (Wadsworth, Nev.) 1899-1904, 1902-09-05
TUESDAY NovEMBER41so2


consisting Of
CANDIDATES FOX CHOICE OF THE
ELECTORS OF THIS STATE FOR UNI
TED STATES SENATORS.
ONE REPRESENTATIVE TO CONGRESS-
ONE GOVERNOR
ONE LIEUTENANT GOVERNOR
ONE JUSTICE OF SUPREME CouRT
One SECRETARY OF STATE
ONE STATE TREASURER
One STATE CONTROLLER
ONE ATTORNEY GENERAL
ONE SURVEYOR GENERAL
ONE SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC IN
STRucTIoN
ONE SUPERINTENDENT OF STATE
PRINTING
Two MEMBERS OF THE STATE
BOARD OF UNIVERSITY REGENTS
FIVE DISTRICT JUDGES
Also for the selection Of the State
Central Committee, and the tranaction
of all such other business as shall pro-
perly come before it.
GEO. T. MILLS.
E. D. VANDERLIETH, Chairman.
Secretary.
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1902-06-20
Lake Madison Chautauqua.

The Ghautauqua at Madison this
year promises to excel all former
efforts of the association, the talent
that hals. been secured FOL. the season
being exceptionally strong. The Chau-
tauqua will open June q and close
July s.. One Of the big features of
the program will Be the attendance
of the Katir Boy Choir. The lecture
program contains Frank r. Robson,
Lou ]. Beauchamp, Frank Cattern,
Rev. Madison G. Peters and others,
while the amusement features have
been well looked after and splendid
entertainments along this line will
be produced, prominent among which
will be. the Mendelssohn male quar-
tet, and the Sanford Dodge Co,
which will produce a Shakesperean
drama. Rev. R. N. Kratz will have
charge Of the Sunday school normal.
This is the twelfth season If the
Madison Chautauqua.
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1902-06-20

aant R-.,.. taff4f feFLeGE. ZE4rETE
The poets exclamation: 20 life
/ feel thee bounding in my veins,s
is d joyous one. Persons that can
rarely or never make it, in honesty.
to themselves, are among the most
unfortunate. They do not live but
exist; for to live implies more than.
to be. To live is to be well and strong
to arise feeling equal to the ordi-
nary duties Of the day, and to retire
not overcome by them-to feel life
bounding in the veins. A medicine
that has made thousands of people.
men and women. well and strong. has
accomplished a great work, bestow-
ing the richest blessings, and that
medicine is Hoods Sarsaparilla. The
weak, rundown, or.debilitated, from
any cause, should not fail to take
it. 1t. builds UP the whole system,
changes existence into life, and
makes life more Astounding. We are
glad to say these words il it's favor
to the readers Of our columns.
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1902-06-20
WERE MARRIED WEDNESDAY,.
The Marriage of Miss Jackson and
Mr.. Bates Occurred Wednes-
day Afternoon an 4:3O.

a very happy wedding ceremony
occurred at the home of Mr.. and
Mrs. I'D. Jackson, on the north
side, Wednesday afternoon, when
their daughter, Miss Blloa, and Mr..
Mark P. Bates were united in mar
rage. The ceremony occurred at
4 $50 o'clock and was performed by
Rev. Fred L. Drewett, pastor of the
Baptist church, and was witnessed
only by the relatives Of the contracting
parties. The bride and groom pre-
sented an attractive appearance as
they marched into the parlor to the
strains of The wedding march played
by Miss Elsie Jackson, sister Of the
bride. The parlor was yely prettiiy
decorated with flowers. 5Ess$
After hearty congratulations had
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1902-06-20
WINNINGS.

]. Fl. Haslam Of Winnipeg is thus
quoted in the Buffalo Commercial:
I'VE have not cordially welcomed
Englishmen, but the American we like
to take in and make n Of us. The
territory into which the American
farmers are locking is as large as
Austria, France and Germany and
practically in the same latitude. Our
winters are not severe, our summers
delightful. We raise magnificent po-
@tatoes, the best wheat on earth, and
experiments with corn at Fargo indi-
cate that we may vet have that cereal.
We can grow apples, we have the best
timber, as much iron as there is in
northern Minnesota and soft coal of
excellent quality. Our grazing lands
are also rich, and we export cattle to
England"
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1902-06-20

The old soldiers are assembled at
Brookings this week, and likewise
the good members Of the w. r. o.,
and we hope they will have, a rous-
ing good time. As the years go by
there are less and less of the old sol
diers attending these encampments,
for the reason that death is overtak-
ing many Of them each succeeding
year. Their steps are growing more
feeble but as long as. physical. e eArldtl
ance will stand it the old soldiers
cannot keep away from the associa--
tion with their former comrades,
that once more they can enjoy the
pleasure of %recounting the deeds per-
formed in the civil war.