davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington times., 1902-06-29
of These Almost Human Machines
to the Practical Study of Crinnino1ogy
First Step Toward Reformation and Regenera-
tion-How the Bright Pupils Of School Can
Be Unerring1y Picked Out From the Doll Ones.

comes imperceptible to his sense Of
feeling The real difference between the
thermometers is then read. II this diff
ference for one person is 2 degrees and
for another person 8 degrees, the for
mer person is said to be more acute in
sensibility to heat by one degree.
Another experiment to test the sus-
ceptibility of persons to heat and cold
is made by the use Of a new instrument
invented by French scientist and
through which the inventor has made
the discovery that there are "hot"
nerves and "cold" nerves. The instru-
ment consists of two small metal tanks
connected by single handle, open at
the top and the lower end extending in
each to point. One Of these tanks is
filled with boiling water, the other with
cracked ice. The two points are then
brought in contact with the skin alter
nately, and the subject asked to indi-
cate which is the hot point and which
the cold. In experimenting with this
device 1t was discovered that when GER
tain nerves were touched, no matter
whether they were touched with the hot
or the cold point, the sensation to the
subject was that of heat and when other
nerves were touched the sensation was
that of cold. The discovery led also
to the formulation of the theory that
there are also pleasure" nerves and
pain" nerves. The investigation along
the line of this theory, however. has
not been pursued to any great extent.
Effect of Music.
The peculiar effect of music upon the
muscles of the human organism is
demonstrated with unvarying result by
the use of a little device to record the
muscular pressure Of the hand, The
pressure thus recorded on the dial of an
instrument, called the "dyamometer,"
an oval steel spring with dial in the
center, is invariably greater when exert
ed while music is being played than
without music. This was explained by
DR.. Mcdonald as being caused by the in
creased circulation of the blood of all
human beings listening to music over
the normal circulation. With the in
creased circulation Of the blood came
increased muscular power, and hence
the result recorded.
DR.. Mcdonald made the assertion to
the committee that he could go into the
public schools and pick out three
fourths of the dull pupils simply by
The Washington times., 1902-06-29

up with cases containing drawers full
of insect specimens that it is with
some difficulty that one makes his way
through. Mr.. Ashmead called special
attention to the hymenoptera, or para
sitical insects, which are his specially,
and on which he is now preparing a
work containing the fruit Of much la
borious investigation. Many specimens
we're added last year to this collec-
ton, from the Hawaiian Islands and
from Alaska, in the former of which Mr..
Ashmead spent the summer hard at
work. The majority of these specimens
are types, and have been described and
named by Mr.. Ashmead himself. Many
of the specimens are so small as TO he
microscopic, but are all mounted with
exquisite Ieatness. the smallest in glass
slides for observation under the micro
scope. Each individual specimen has
its card label attached. and is so ar
ranged as to be Immediately available
for purposes Of observation and com
parison.
The parasitical insects, as Mr. Ash
mead explained. are. with the exception
of one group or family, all beneficial to
mankind. for they destroy numerous
harmful species upon which they prey.
The enormous scope of the study of para
sites. with their infinite variety, and
bearing on the agricultural interests OF
countries. is something doubtless unap-
preciated by the great majority of peo-
pie. But this importance of the subject
is realized by scientists all over the
world who are becoming every year more
in touch with one another. Mr. Ash
mead showed in what form he receives
communications requesting information
from abroad by taking little packet
elaborately wrapped in raw cotton and
paper, which, being unwound proved TO
be a vial containing a specimen OF some
insect and its parasites. This was re-
ceiYed from the head of scientific body
The Washington times., 1902-06-29

measuring the height of the palate in
each pupils mouth. Children with high
palates are usually the dull ones, al
though it sometimes happens that per-
sons with extraordinary intellect also
have high palates. A little instrument,
designated the. "palatometer." is used
to measure the height of the arch of the
mouth in this experiment.
The Typewriter of the Laboratory.
The instrument of precision, however,
which comes into play more often than
any other, and which is the ve-itable
typewriter of the criminologist's labora-
tory, is the 'kymographion.' The prin-
cipal part of this instrument is e cy-
Under revolved by a clockwork. Over
this cylinder is slid a roll of paper
which has previously been held ever a
paraffin lamp until # has become coat
ed with black. The instrument is then
ready to record. The records which it
makes are those of the beating OF the
heart; the trembling of the tongue. the
steadiness or unsteadiness OF the hand
all of which records are taken while
the operator changes the condition of
the subjects mind. For instance. If a
record is being taken of the beating OF
a murderer's heart, the operator will
suddenly call his attention to the details
of the crime he has committed. The lit
tie finger, which unvaryingly traces in
the black SCOT the throbbing of the sub
ject's heart will record at once any
change which this mental picture may
be causing in his mental and physical
being.
Before the results obtained from the
record Of heart beats can be given an ex-
both the normal and abnormal classes
of humanity will have to be made and
studied. That they can be interpreted
and that they will be interpreted is the
confident prediction of DR.. Mcdonald.
What the Government is asked to do
at this time is to establish a bureau
which shall be the basis of such investi-
CATION. When the science of crimin-
ology is perfected it will be possible not
only to more speedily and surely ap-
prehend the criminal. but il will be pos
sible to detect the brutal instinct in
the child in school and bring the neces-
sary influence to bear to overcome the
criminal tendency at time when that
influence can have the greatest effect
on the life of that child. Thus will
crime be curtailed by striking at its
very roots.
The Washington times., 1902-06-29
INASSHGE FOR THE ARS OCF}AllC CANINE.

| to see whether the system is in order
to stand severe handling or lively exer-
eising. II there be any symptom Of
weakness the maniDuiasions are Inodi-
fed accordingly. II the vital organs ara
seriously affected the patient is refused
altogether"
| Every muscle and tendon is separate
| ly manipulated in the massage treat.
ment, and gradually strengthened to the
normal. This extends to tho muscles
of the back. neck and legs. with a spe.
cial treatment for the under part of tho
body designed to stimulate ana
strengthen the digestive functions.
THE toeth of the dog are liable IA
the same disorders as those of men,
but in lesser degree. Z make it q
rule TO examine the dogs teeth, keep
thom clean, when necessary file or even
extract them. There are cases whero
the teeth are filed, but that is the work
Of the dentist
Our charges are practically uniforra
for this work, and where no special
| treatment Is called for. 81 per visit ie
the fee. AS a general thing two vista
per week are sufficient TO enable US to
keep pet in good condition. A coupls
of dollars week is small sum, when
the original cost Of some of the animais
| is taken into account. In some raro
cases our charges exceed this figure,
particularly in the first stages of the
treatment. when more frequent visitn
may be needed to overcome the ailmens
with which we have to contend.
| "Of course. all our work is confiden-
tial and. indeed. we do not always
know the names of our patrons. Doss
are brought here by grooms or footmen,
as well as by their owners, sometimes
afoot sometimes in carriages. We
make it rule TO ask no unnecessary
questions
The Washington times., 1902-06-29

as the ''thermaesthesiomete is
used. 1t consists of two ther-
mometers fastened together. BY an
electrical arrangement the tempera-
ture of one OF the thermometers is
changed. one being heated until the diff
ference from the other is easily per-
ceived by feeling. The lower end of both
thermometers is placed upon the skin
and the person experimental upon Is
asked to indicate as soon as the differ
ences between the thermometers be-
The Washington times., 1902-06-29

from the examination OF sixty public
school children. The young ladies were
by far the more sensitive.
The pain measuring instrument is ap-
piled generally to the left temple, which
is considered to be the most sensitive
part of the body. II consists of a brass
cylinder with brass rod running
through one of its ends. The end of the
rod in the cylinder is attached TO a
spring with a marker which indicates
on a scale on the outside of the cylin-
The Washington times., 1902-06-29

dog NAV be made symmetrical, fastened
here or retarded there. as may be nee
essary. and his appearance and value
may be vastly improved by proper exer-
else. massage, and manicure treatment.
His spirits may be kept high and his life
prolonged That is my speciality" says
the operator.
The patrons OF the dog masseur in
clude many of the wealthiest people of
the Capital Politicians, financiers, and
physicians who are dog owners enlist his
services, while ladies whose receptions
are social events, as well as others who
live in more obscure luxury, combine to
add 20 his receipts.
I'm general" says the masseur. your
hunting dog or the animal that accom-
panies its master on his walks does not
require massage or physical culture, ex-
cept, perhaps in infancy. The exercise
he obtains is adequate. But the great
number of valuable pets. particularly
those of women, kept in the house and
pampered and fed to repletion, need ar
tifcial exercise to keep them in health.
My system supplies II"
In addition to the massage, In which
the animal is manipulated from ne zip
of its nose to the furthermost end cf its
tail, the pet dog cultur'it examines.
clips, files, and stratghtens the IT :r1al's
claws: and he inspects its teeth and
keeps them in order. The fur is "areful-
ly brushed and, when necessary. is
shampooed In short, the animal has
every luxury that can be secured at the
hands OF a frst-clas's valet.
"Of course. treatment varies in the
case of different animals. cxactl:.- a. it
does in the case of human beings. Ntucl
depends on the age of the beast. is gen.
eral health, whether it be int or lean,
strong or feeble" says the operator. Il
first of all examine it's lungs and heart,
The Washington times., 1902-06-29

n ar ASSAGE for pet dogs appears to
Ns be the latest development OF
fashionable luxury. 1t is sur
prising development at first
sight. perhaps, but not so far out of the
beaten way after all, when one consid-
ers the celebrated fashionable dinner
for pet dogs given by wealthy woman
in Newport during the height OF last
summers season.
The physical culturist," as he terms
himself, is a Frenchman. who speaks
English with just trace of the London
cockney accent. That he has exercised
a truly discerning genius in striking out
for himself in this novel field of work
is indisputable, and his services are in
growing demand among the elite OF this
city
"Eh, well! why not?" he remarked
deprecatingly. why not? People pay
hundreds of dollars for pet dogs. and
to have them kept in the best condition,
and looking beautiful"
There is certainly logic In this atti-
tude taken by the canine masseur, al
ways remember ng the swell dog
dinner, and the exceedingly high prices
paid for the pets by those who fancy
them.
When certain gentleman in this city
gave $4,000 for a prize French bulldog
he probably had no idea of engaging a
man to give the animal physical culture,
massage. and manicure treatment, but II
the dog needed such attentions he would
undoubtedly be receiving them, no mat
ter what the cost.
THE physical development OF the pet
The Washington times., 1902-06-29

TIME acquisition of the collection
OF butterflies and moths Uepi-
i doptera) made by the late
Herman Streckler, Of Reading.
Pa, is anxiously looked forward TO
by the Smithsonian scientists. Secre-
tary Langley has strongly recommended
an appropriation of $4,000 for the pur-
chase OF the collection, and it is prob
able that the public exhibit Of insects
which is now being planned, and which
will be open next fall. will be enriched
from the Strecker aggregation.
It is impossible for the public in gen
eral 10 realize the amount OF learning,
patience, and skill represented by the
collection of insects stored out of sight
in rooms in the National Museum. The
specimens on exhibition in the Smith
sonian Building form but a very small
portion OF the entire, to exhibit which
would require nearly the entire floor
space OF the Museum. Presiding over
this collection at present is Mr.. William
Ashmead, a scientist Of international
re -lAe. MI. AsuIutau Is earnestly ue-
voted TO the interests Of the Museum
as a whole. which, he contends. should
be the great center of all lines of scien-
tihc research N America. where stu
dents in special branches could come
instead OF having, as al present in many
instances. to go abroad. Naturally.
then he is very much in favor of the
acquisition OF the Strecker collection.
we have q remarkably fine and we'll
arranged collection OF insects" said Mr..
Ashmead. as he obligingly undertook to
show Times representative the major
norton not on public view. There is an
The Washington times., 1902-06-29

der any pressure brought to bear on the
other end of the rod, which is placed
against the temple. AS soon as the sub
iect feels the pressure to be the least
dsagreeable he indicates the same and
the pressure Indicated on the scale is
recorded.
"Thermaesthesiometer."
Sensitiveness to heat and cold forms
another one OF the tests, and for
this purpose an instrument known
The Washington times., 1902-06-29
Remarkable Devices of Such Marvellous De1icacy
and Precision That They Are Affected by the
Emotions of the Heart and the Impulses Of the
Mind-Discovery that Some Nerves Are Sus-
ceptib1e Only to Heat and Others Only to Cold.

"HE thief-catcher has a rival.
Old Sleuth, who has dogged
i the footsteps of crime until he
knows their imprint on the
finty rock; until when shown the
handiwork OF the assassin, he can give
the motive, describe the fend AMI catch
his man, is to have his practical scieroe
of instinct, dark lanterns. and guns put
down in the metric system of W. lights
and measures. Emotion and criminal in
tent are to be charted in black and
white. Humanity is to be studied from
infancy to the grave, until the instincts
which are criminal can be detected in
time to be corrected.
Man, who has mastered all mysteries
external, is to turn the searchlight of
science on himself, and by recording the
result is to strike the balance between
the normal and abnormal. Congress is
now considering the question of taking
the new science under the Government
wing and establishing bureau OF Grim
inology."
Explained to Representatives.
What such a bureau could do has just
been explained to the members of the
Judiciary Committee Of the House of
Representatives by DR.. Arthur McDon-
aid, with most striking effect. DR.. Nc
Donald has given the best years of his
life to the study of criminology. The
fund of queer" information he has at
his fingers ends on this subject is
absolutely startling. He had not been
talking TO the Judiciary Committee five
minutes before they were applying the
tests suggested to themselves, and for
House of Representatives sized them
selves up along the criminal line under
the tutorage of DR.. Mcdonald, with a
result which produced great amusement
and surprise.
Curiosity had been excited while DR..
Mcdonald was unpacking his apparatus,
consisting OF instruments of precision
used to detect abnormal traits, particu-
larry in the criminal classes. These he
arranged on the committee table, but
before using them on the members of
the committee he explained briefly that
the science he was to give them an idea
of was comparatively new. Although it
had been developed first in Europe, per-
haps the best practical results had been
obtained here. 1t had. however, been re-
tarded somewhat in the past by the at
titude of the practical apprehenders of
The Washington times., 1902-06-29

crlulnalS, VINO nad heretofore looked
with disfavor upon it.
Importance of Criminology.
Continuing, DR.. Mcdonald pointed out
that IL We are ever to have sufficient
definite knowledge Of living human be-
ings that it may become a science, 1t can
only be done by the careful study of a
large number of individuals. The more
| thorough the study and the larger the
number, the more useful such investi-
cation can be made to society.
AS in machinery we must first repair
the little wheels out Of gear, so in So
ciety We must first study the criminal,
crank. insane, inebriate, and pauper who
can seriously iniure both individual and
community. This worthless crank. by
killing prominent citizen, can paralyze
the community. The injury from such
action is often beyond calculation. Our
| Government pays out millions to catch.
try, and care for criminals. but gives
very little to study the causes that lead
to crime.
The study of man, he explained, to
be Of most utility. must be directed first
to the cause of crime, pauperism, alco-
holism, and other forms of abnormality
To do this the individuals themselves
must be studied. AS the seeds of evil
are usually sown in childhood and
youth, 1t is here that all Investigation
should commence, for there is little
hope of making the world better II we
do not seek the causes Of social evils
at their beginnings.
The Temple Algometer."
DR.. Mcdonald is connected with the
Government Educational Bureau and
has conducted many investigations both
among school children and criminals. A
little instrument for measuring the SEN
sitiveness to pain was first explained.
1t is called temple algometer," and
caused by applying to a sensitive nerve
a greater stimulation than is normal
The experiments have shown that re-
finement and luxury increase the sensi-
bility TO pain, and that the convicted
murderer feels pain to much less de-
gree a rule than the normal individ-
ual. DR.. Mcdonald suggested that there
was much food for thought in this show
ing. He had examined sixty young la
dies in Kentucky seminary and then
compared the record Of their suscepti-
bility to pain with the showing made
The Washington times., 1902-06-29
Importance of Criminology.

criminals, who had heretofore looked
with disfavor upon 1t.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1902-10-23
GOVERNOR DENIES
Misstatemsnt Of Facts in Regard TO Vir-
GINA Exhibi. al ST. Louis.

Governor Montague, said last night
that Yesterday was about as dull a
tlay as he had vet experienced as Chief
Executive of the State, and that he had
disposed of no business Of public moment
whatever The Governor in discussing
the report that he had assured the St
Louis EXP ton Committee that Vir-
ginia would make an appropriation for
an exhibit at the exposition, said he had
not done SO, but had simply expressed
the hope that the Legislature would in
Ats wisdom see fit TO make an appropria-
tion, but that he had in no way under
taken to speak for the body in the mat
~.
The Penitentiary Commission having
charge of the proposed new buildings at
that institution. will meet in the Senate
chamber to-day for the purpose Of ap-
proving the specifications of Architect p.
tNholnton Marye. and to award the con-
tracts for the building Of the new cell
department. The board is composed of
Senators LeCato and Bryant, Delegates
Hartman. w. w. Baker and Newhouse
end Messrs. Joseph Bryan, N. d. Ches-
tc,nan and NJ. E. Marcuse.
u. 6. "A. Slaughter, Treasurer of Pc
ftrsburg. is in the city and was at the
State Library yesterday.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1902-10-23
Ifs of RaehkirtseH.

Miss Adele Block. of the Giffen forces.
is engaged in dI:a.natzing the life. let
tiers and memoirs of Marie Bashidrtseff.
the Young Russian woman who died not
s., many years ago of drink. consunlp-
ton and chic TO translate inadeauate!y
Marcel Provost.
Miss Block was educated in Paris aid
i;t!,in. and hearing much OF the beauti-
ful Russian. who grew weary OF the
word before she was out of he. teers,
made a close studyasof her life and her
Writings, which consisted for the most
part of letters. famous the world over
Mss Block has plotted play In four
acts. with the scene laid entirely on the
Continent. Two acts are already ccn-
pieied. and critics Who have heard them
read declare that they show great dra-
matte skill.
It IS untrue that Miss Block will Gra-
Matte the Confessions of Mary Mac
Lane. providing she makes a success of
Manic Baslikiltseff.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1902-10-23
ELECTRIC PLANT
At GAYT0N MINES
This is the Talk Nov and That
MI. Fisher is Interested; Mr..
Christians Statement.

There is a great deal of speculation In
business circles concerning the recent
purchase OF the Gayton coal mines in
3Ienrico county. and the name of Mr..
George j.. Fisher has been frequently
Qss .ciated with it, some of the gucsses
going so far as to say that the great
street car magnate is at least interested,
and that it is the purpose OF the new
owners, along with Mr.. Fisher, TO extend
the WesthamptGn car insS INTO the
mines. and 10 bling the ccai tl1erefrom
direct 10 the city. It's also said that II
Is probable that an e!ec1r4c plant VIII
he established at the mines, equipped
with power sufficient TO supply comrnu-
mites at a distance.
Mr.. Fairfax c. Christian when seen
last night made the following statement
conrer. i,:c the matter: Henry Lee Ler-
ratre and Fairfax Cary Christian bought
The c.as-ton coal mines. and in the pur-
chase a.same Mr.. George Il. Fisher was
rot inte aestsd. What our plans are the
fItnre#will Develop.
Mr.. Christian was asked a number of
questions concerning the mater, but
would discuss it no further. He would
not say what was the object of Mr.. Lor-
rainr.s visit to New York. nor would he
say whether or not Mr.. Fisher had any.
present interest i'll the property.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1902-10-23
Social Politics.
Richmond, Va. Oct. %, 1902

Richmond, Va. Oct. ., 1902.
Editor of The Times:
q SRI haze read with unspeakable JOY.
you'd editorial in to-day paper on Local,
l'ol,ucs.'' l wish 1t could be copied into
every paper published IN America. Over
and over a gam. as have read the utter
arces OF the daily press OF Richmond on
our grand and glorious reform movement
i have been almost brought TO the point
of shouting aloud Glory TO God. and my
zeal in this good cause has not been
1essened by having been locked out
last Monday evening, when / begged to
be permitted TO see tor myselt what they
would do with one OF the @truest and most
courageous men that has lived since
Martin Luther,s day
A. K. DICKINSON.