davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Omaha daily bee., 1902-04-17
TROUBLES OF THE ASSESSOR
He Questions Good Faith Of Public Cry
for Equality.
WANTS AN OPPORTUNITY TO Be HEARD
Criticises Practice of Board Of Equal
izRtion In Hearing Complaints
without Presence of As
sessinE Omcer.

Everybody is having a great deal to say
just now about the things that the asses
sors should and should not do remarked
one Of the most experienced assessors Of
the county's twenty-nine as he stood in
the treasurer's Office Yesterday morning. 1T
would be helpful II they could show the
same eagerness Cor fair returns when re
call on them individually.
The fact is the assessors Of Douglas
county do not feel that the public is sim
cere to the extent that It would back them
in doing what 1t now advises. An assessor
fares Just like a dogcatcher-everybody
cries to have the dogs taxed, but the FIRST
man who sees the catcher carrying away
his own pet raises the deuce about 1t. Sup
pose. in seeking to ascertain the real or
fair value of a stock of goods on which a
prominent merchant makes a return that
is apparently too low, the assessor resorts
to legal procedure to force the merchant
and others to appear and testify, do you
suppose the commissioners and everybody
else in authority. as well as the public,
will help that assessor all they IAN? Not
for a minute will they do that; rather
would l expect them to throw obstacles in
the way.
Omaha daily bee., 1902-04-17

stillman & Price, att'ys, law. collections.
A. P. Llllis. notary. 20 U. S. Nat. Tel. 1920.
Omaha daily bee., 1902-04-17

Send articles Of Incorporation, notices Of
stockholders meetings, etc.. to The Bee.
We will give them proper legal insertion.
Bee telephone, 23s.
Omaha daily bee., 1902-04-17
would Defend His work.

Again, the assessor has no fair opuor-
tunity to defend his work when the Board
of County Commissioners meets as a board
Of equalization, for when the property owner
makes his complaint about the assess
ment he is notified to appear for a hearing
on a certain date. but the assessor Is sent
no such word. The complainant very often
prefers that the assessor be not present
and the matter is purposely kept quiet.
When the hearing is had the property
owner tells his story, makes his claims,
produces his figures and, as there is no one
present to dispute them. the commissioner
who feel themselves too busy to go out and
look over the premises. often accept the
compliments word or at least compromise
matters. when. had the assessor been pres
ent to defend his figures. there might have
been no change at all.
Omaha daily bee., 1902-04-17
~One-HRnded Argument.

The commissioners may be acting in
the best Of faith. but how are thev to tell
from a one-handed debate what to do II
they cannot go themselves to the premises
and investigate? II the public is sincere in
It's demand for a change in methods let 1t
require the commissioner to notify asses
sors Of the date Of hearing on certain COM
plants. just as they notify the complain
ants. The assessors could collect nothing
for their time, but very often thew would
appear just because they would wish to de-
fend the figures attacked"
Omaha daily bee., 1902-04-17
DIED.

Shampooing and hair dressing. Csc. at the
Battery, 2l6-22O Bee Building. Tel. 171e.
Omaha daily bee., 1902-04-17
WAIT! WAIT!

Saturday will be our opening day at the
Guarantee, 1891 Douglas street. It viii
be to your interest II you are in need Of
clothing. hats. caps or furnishings. to wait
until Saturday morning,
Everything Is entirely new and up-to-
date, Will one price to everybody, which
will be lower than hrst-class goods have
ever been sold for before in Omaha.
Our aim is to become the leading cloth
ing and gents furnishing store in Omaha,
and II good goods. low prices and courteous
treatment count. surely We will be.
Omaha daily bee., 1902-04-17

CHILDS-Mary A. mother of George r.,
Charles W.. Burt L. and Mrs. c. w.
Reed, April 10, in her seventy-seventh
year.
Funeral services Thursday afternoon,
April IL, 1902. at 2 o'clock at the residence
Of her son, c. w. Childs, 2615 Ames ave-
nue.. Interment Forest Lawn.
Omaha daily bee., 1902-04-17

Publish your legal notices in The Weekly
Bee. Telephone 23s.
Omaha daily bee., 1902-04-17
Tourist Car Service TO Denver.

shampoolng and hair dressing. Csc, at the
Battery, 2l6-220 Bee Building. Tel. l71e..
The Washington times., 1902-06-22

for two centuries these countries mo-
nopolized all industries dependent upon
Il.
The first man 10 manufacture brass
pins in England was John Tilsby. who, in
1875. established a plant in Gloucester
shire. where he met with remarkable
success. and his make OF pins became
famous. By 1886 the industry was SO
well established that the pin makers of
London formed a corporation. ard the
trade scoH found its way to Bristol and
Birmingham. where. in connection with
other ironwork Manufacture, the indus
try became localized In those cities
pins were made for some time by hand
labor.
The construction Of single pin re-
Quired from fourteen to eighteen differ
ent operators. and involved the follow
ing processes: Strengthening and cut
ting the wire; cutting, printing, twisting
the heads; cutting the heads; annealing
the heads; stamping or shaping the
heads; cleaning the pins; whitening or
timing the pins; washing. drying. and
polishing; winnowing and pricl.ing the
papers to receive the pin.
This method was improved upon by
Timo Thy Harris. IN 1874. who made the
solid-hcaled brass pin b. laying the
blanks into q twopart mold in which
prints representing the heads were cut
When the mold was closed an alloy Of
The Washington times., 1902-06-22

ed with tin. This is done nv nIacin,
alternate layers OF pins and grain tin
IN copper can and adding water along
with some bitartrate of potash. Hent
applied to this produces a solution OF
TIN which is deposited on the surface
of the pins.
The pins are then taken from this So
luton and frightened by being shaken
IN revolving barrel of bran or saw
dust. Lastly the operation of paper
ing takes place. This process is per-
formed now by an automatic paperlns
machine something in the following
manner:
The pins to be stuck are placed in
hopper, in connection with which a steel
plate IS used. with longitudinal Sits
corresponding TO the number OF pins
which form q row in the paper The
pins in the hopper are stirred up by a
comb-like tool. the shanks drop through
the Sits in the steel plate. and the pins
are suspended by their heads.
Long narrow sheets of paper are pre-
sented by the operator TO the action
Of the machine. by which two raised
folds are crimped. and the row of pins
collected in the slit steel plate Is then,
By being subjected to the same action.
pressed through the two crimped folds.
These operations are repeated until the
requisite rows OF pins are stuck in each
paper.
The Washington times., 1902-06-22

Third Army Corps to that of the Fif-
teenth.
That of the Ninth, situated directly in
front of the west entrance to the build
ing is the most elaborate in design. and
most different OF execution Of the whole
number. 1t has attracted unusual at
tention from the passing throng, and a
rather amusing feature has been noticed
in the fact that nearly every old soldier
after viewing its beauty remarks that
It is his own corps badge.
The design is a shield inelosing an
anchor crossed by a cannon The whole
piece is in bas-relief, and great care
was necessary in molding the earth tc
receive the plants. The cannon is re-
produced even to the trunnions. and the
shield and anchor stand forth as clear
cut as cameo.
The plants used in this masterpiece
have high sounding names. but withal
they are pretty. Eschiverid cloy!folia.
a grayish-gree plant with short. neshy
leaves forms the gun. EscrIverid Sc
cundra glauca, a smaller variety of the
same species. composes the anchor
while the outlines Of the shield are
marked with crassula aurea. an rides
cent plant of the same form. but in in
comparably more beautiful than the
others. In the spaces between the CEN
ter figures and the shield euonymus is
used to carry out the scheme as to
color.
The Washington times., 1902-06-22

and beautiful. They are longer than
those now in use, and differ from the
modern pattern in that they taper grad
ually from the head TO the point.
Some were found in central Europe
with double stems like the modern hair
pin. and few were found at Peschiera,
Italy. fashioned like the modern safety
pin. Many Of the single-stemmed pins
varied in thickness. and others had
heads formed OF a loose ring in an eye
a: the blunt end.
In ancient and medieval times pins
were made OF bronze. and this was the
principal material used until metallurgy
had advanced far enough TO give bet
ter material in brass. It Is said that
the early AngloSaXons and Britons used
ribbons, loopholes. clasps, hooks and
eyes, and skewcrs OF wood. bone. brass
silver. or gold for their fastenings in
stead Of pins.
The brass-wire pin is supposed to be
an invention of the French. although by
some authorities 1t Is credited TO the
Dutch. In England pins OF iron wire
were made during the fifteenth century
but the brass-wire pin was unknown
until 1913. when IL was brought from
France by Catharire Howard.
The invention of the process Of wire
drawing marked the beginning OF the
modern pin manufacture. The process
originated in France and Germany, and
The Washington times., 1902-06-22

sembling in Washington of remnant Of
this once mighty army. Death has
thirned the ranks Of these men of deeds
in the days gone by and scant and dec
imated will be the lines when the bat
talions shall again march up the broad
Avenue in review
As these gray and grizzled veterans
parade the streets a different scene will
meet the eye Where once existed waste
land and commons, velvet lawns and
branching trees are planted; vast ex-
panses OF shade and turf, relieved by
beds of flowers. Sparkling like jewels
among the reaches of emerald green;
inviting hooks amid leafy bowers pro-
viding convenient resting places fer the
weary and feeble among the visitors.
No pains or expense will be spared By
a generous Government TO make Wash
ington the Beautiful" more beautiful
still in honor OF the visit of the
Grand Army of the Republic during the
coming encampment. Flags will proud
Iy wave from every staff and miles Of
bunting will be drapcd from Intel to
cornice upon every house. but this will
not suffice. Mother Nature is to lend
hand in decking the city in gala
clothes. Her choicest plants and flow
erg are 20 be added to ensign and
streamer in the general ornameniation.
The art Of the landscape gardener has
taken great strides since the days of
The Washington times., 1902-06-22
Seventh Army Corps-Star and Crescent.

squadron and battery swing into line
rent flags and banners flying they march
past the Chief Executive in the last
grand revieE;.
Washington in '65 was not the city
best. It was but an overgrown village
with highways ankle deep in dust. and
unpretentious buildings lining homely
thoroughfares.
so-called parks there were, but in
reality they we're but little more than
spaces given over to the growth of
weeds and coarse grass. browsing upon
which were numerous family COWS.
Such was the Capital as seen by the
armed hosts returning from the conflict
just ended. The Government had not
yet awakened TO the potential beauties
of the vast public reservations as con-
ceived in the brain of the esthetic
l. Enfant three quarters Of a century
before. Perhaps the stern realities OF a
grim and bloody war we're yet too fresh
in the minds of the people to allow of a
profuse decoration with flowers in hon
or Of the returning warriors. Blessed
peace had woven for herself an imper-
ishable crown in the form of reunited
country. emerging from the fer. ordeal
with power and prestige before an
known.
October next will witness the reas-
The Washington times., 1902-06-22
and Cannon Crossed.

To Mr.. George NJ. Brown chief land
scape gardener. is due the plans and
general supervision of this vast UNDER
taking, while the execution of the work
is carried on by Mr.. John Barry. one Of
the bright head gardeners OF the public
reservations.
TenderIy will these masses of foliage
be guarded. trimmed, and watered un-
til the coming encampment. when thou
sands of Scared and aging veterans
will gaze upon them with admiration.
To many of them these emblems OF
former day will recall incidents half
buried in the dim recesses of the past,
and renew memories of heroic deeds per-
formed by those who once bore these
symbols on their uniforms. Each badge
viii bear silent witness OF some trial
OF strength and courage as attested by
thousand bloody battlefields. Each
will BE d reminder of hotly contested
combats at Fredericksburg, Antietam,
or Gettysburg. The investment of Rich
mond will be recalled by this emblem,
while that will be reminder of Look
out Mountain or Atlanta. Every one
will have significance of some particu-
lar character to these men who meet
once more in the Capital of the country.
Exquisite gems in setting of gold, the
handiwork of cunning jewelers., will be
no more beautiful than these living
bursts OF splendor blazing forth in the
glory OF an autumnal SUM-
The Washington times., 1902-06-22

OF the wire is left projecting. when
snaphead die advances and partially
shapes the head. The blank is then re-
leased and pushed forward about one
twentieth of an inch. when the head IL
given another squeeze by the same die
BY this repetition of the motion the
head is completed and The blank is cut
Of the wire in the length desired. Abou
ore-cighth of an inch OF wire is re-
quired TO make pin head. If the at
tempt were made to upset this with n
lead in one motion the wire would be
more likely to double up than to thick
en- as desired.
These headed blanks then drop into
!, receptacle ana arrange themselves
in the line OF slot formed by two in
rlineI and bcvcled-edge bars. The open
ii.g between the bars is just large
enough to permit the shank of the pin
to fall through. so that the pins are
suspended in Il row along the slot.
When the Blanks reach the lower
end of the Inclined bar n .heir sus
! ended position hey are seized be-
tween two parts of the machine and
lassed along. rotating as they move. in
icont eli cylindrical cutter, with
sharp grooves on its surface, that
rointa tnc pins. They are then thrown
from the machine properly shaped, and
If they are brass pins they are cleaned
by being boiled in weak, sour beer.
After they are cleaned they are coat
The Washington times., 1902-06-22

manufacture Of pins, especially at the
times when commerce with England.
France, or Germany was interrupted.
was several times attempted. but the
product was not equal to the imported
article. During the Revolutionary war,
when the Importation OF pins from Eng
land was entirely cut of and scar
city OF the article resulted he manu-
facture was carried on to 4 limited eN-
tent in Connecticut ard the CarClinas.
Again in the war OF 1872 importations
We're suspended and pins grew so scarce
that the prices asked for them were
often as high as 81 a package. At that
time some pin makers came from Eng
land, bringing the necessary tools. and
began the manufacture at the States
Prison ri Greenwich. y. Y, employing
conyict labor. The enterprise was not
successful. owing to a rapid decline in
Ike prices Of pins after the clase Of
the war.
The modern pin is made in the United
States by the improved Atwood or Fow-
lcr machines. The process OF pin man
ufacture by modern machines may be
iriefiy described as follows: Coils of
'sire ere placed upon 2 reel whence
he wire is drawn automatically by a
pair of plncers between fixed studs that
straighten 1t.
A pin length is then .eized by pair
OF lateral jaws, froms which q portion
The Washington times., 1902-06-22

lead and antimony was poured in. and
as soon as the pins were released the
gets" were cut on and the pins were
cleansed by immersion in solution OF
sulphuric acid and water. and then dip
ped into a solution OF sulphate o. cop
per and finished in the same way as
other brass pins.
William Burdy few years later had
a method of heading which was the mod
ern process in embryo. The wire was
th!chened By pressure into a collar en-
which the head rested TO prevent It's
slipping down, and then the head was
placed on the shank in n die. while
another die. working in fly press,
descended and compressed the top Of
The wires. thus securing the attachment
Of the wire head TO the shank.
In 1912 Bradbury and Weaver conceiy-
ed the IDEA OF heading by means Of
an automatic machine"
In 1917 Seth Hunt invented q machine
to make the pin with head. shaft and
point from one piece, but his invention
was not success. In 1924 W. L.
Wright an American. n native OF New
Hampshire, invented the solid-hcaded
pin-making machine, which entirely rev.
olutionized the pin manufacture. He did
rot have his machine patented in Amer
lea, but took 1t to England and put II
into operation.
In the carly days of this country the
The Washington times., 1902-06-22
Fourth Army Corps-Triangle.

Some idea may be formed as to the
amount of labor required in this floral
piece when It is known that over 10000
plants were required in its CONSTRUCT
tion. Infinite care and patience were
necessary in order that the pattern
might be followed line for line and color
for color. Each color is as distinct as
if limned by the brush OF a painter. No
plants were used except those perfect in
form and shade. perfection being the
standard OF excellence throughout.
The badges OF the other corps are as
true to the originals. The star and
crescent of the Seventh and the diff
ficult lines depicting the Tenth are
formed in flaming Coleus, a plant
adapted to multiform uses in landscape
gardening.
Latin crosses. Maltese crosses. St.
Andrews crosses. keystones. triangles.
and trefoils are some Of the other forms
of badges represented in Coleus. Euony-
mus. Ascalypha, and q hundred other
plants known TO the florist. In other
parts CT the city. especially in the
Smithsonian grounds. and in the circles
occupied by the statues of famous lead
ers the remainder OF the badges of the
twenty-nine army corps viii be placed.
At some prominent point will appear the
emblem of the Grand Army OF the Re-
public in honor of which organization
this extensive plan of decoration is be-
ing carried ont.
The Washington times., 1902-06-22
TWENTY centuries ago Rome, then
at the zenith of her power and

TWENTY centuries ago Rome, then
at the zenith of her power and
1 glory, was wont to erect flower
bedecked arches of triumph. and
carpet her streets with sweet scented
blossoms in token of welcome to her re-
turning legions. Wreaths of laurel were
placed upon the brows Of her victorious
warriors. and the names of her generals
were spelled in floral devices of dexter
Gus workmanship.
Though a pagan custom. it has sur
vived the ages with all its suggestive
beauty. and as the years pass it be-
comes more of a recognized practice in
this great Republic Of ours. No public
ceremony or function is complete with
out the profuse use of flowers and foli-
age plants in decoration of hall and
mansion. Thirty-seven years ago the
victorious armies Of the Republic were
encamped around the Capital Of the Ma
tion. preparatory TO disbandment. Four
years previously the tocsin of war had
electrified the country from Maine to
the Golden Gate. and men from the
plow. the forge, and the counting house
had hurried to the call Of duty. Four
years of baptism Of fre had changed
these men Of peace to bronzed and hardy
veterans. and they had emerged from the
Titanic struggle the wonder and ad-
miration of the civilized world.
Assembly is sounded. and regiment,
The Washington times., 1902-06-22

In connection with a bulletin giving
the statistics of the manufacture OF pins
IA the United States, the Census Office
has published most Interesting histor-
ical and descriptive article giving the
evolution OF these articles from the
earliest times down, by Mr. Charles NJ
Karch. OF the Census Bureau.
When pins were first used, the
writer says. lis difficult 10 determine.
but It is safe to assume that in some
form they were used by our most re-
mote ancestors. Nature gave man the
pattern for pin in the thorn. and the
first pin used was, undoubtedly, this
natural article, but later other mater
ials we're introduced for hs construc-
ticn
In the oyerhauling of ancient ruins.
pins made Of bone. ivory. bronze. cop
per, and iron have been found The
most promiHcnt discoveries made in this
line Were ir yptian and Scandinavian
tombs ant lies Of the ancient lake
dwellings rral Europe. From the
lacustrina s-stlons in Switzerland alone
more than 10000 pins have been taken.
These ancient pins are in various
forms. and In cases where the ornamen-
tai head is used they are very curious
The Washington times., 1902-06-22

'e5. and It is only question with him
az to a plan and the necessary plants
TO be able to reproduce in leaf and
flower representations of any given OBJ
jcct in form, color, and design. For
rlany years 1t has been the custom OF
the nation once a year to repair in SOL
enn procession to the graves Of her
:allen heroes and place upon them
vreaths and garlands in memory Of val
oIous deeds. While this duty was being
performed only short time since skilled
gardeners were busy in the parks plant
Ing more lasting tokens for the com
u; des who remain. Already wo-knen
ere preparing tributes OF living verdure
4 greet the boys who wore the blue.
Particular attention is being raid to
/; very appropriate site for the experdi-
T., re of skill in the art of beautifying
II e public grounds. few DAYS ago a
aquad OF gardeners appeared in the
square armed with spade. rake, and
other tools of the craft. At regular in
tervals around the great red brick build
ing circles some ten feet in diameter
were laid of.
The ground was spaded, raked and
pulve-ized until 1t was as fine as mold
ers' sand. After this thorough prepara-
tion OF the soil a pattern formed with
rumerous stakes and cords is stretched
ccross the circle. To the uninitiated 1t
seems but tangle of sticks and strings,
hut 1t is design well understood by the
lead gardener. who on bended knee be-
gan his work
With trowel and hands he molds the
Garth as sculptor forms the clay.
Pat here and n scoop there, and he
pauses to view the work with critical
eye. Carefully each foot of surface is
gone over until the design begins to
take form and shape in the rich black
lcam. Inch by inch the lines are ex-
tended. crosscd and recrossed urtil the
flint resemblance OF an emblem of some
sort is seen.
The task. though difficult, is but half
complete. In rows of boxes are tender
plants. sown and rooted at the propa-
Gatirg gardens in anticipation of the
uses to which they are to be put. To
harmonize the various hues in the re-
production of the design requires an
artists eye.
The rndcrgardeners now surround the
ted. ard with sharp pointed instruments
open the earth TO receive the sprics of
variegated foliage. Each plant is placed
with such precision and exactness that
tie pattern unfolds as some rare and
costly tapestry under the weaver's
touch. The hands of these manipulators
OF trowel ard pruning shears grow more
iapid in their movements, until the
I-osaic of leaf and stem stands forth In
faithful likeness as TO form and color
a mammoth badge of one of the army
co-ps that constituted the defense Of
he country over a third of a century
ago
Grouped around the Pension Office are
more than dozen OF these badges. Be
ginning near the southeast corner Of
the building they extend in regular
numerical order from the badge of the
The Appeal. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. ;) 1889-19??, 1902-05-03

KNIGHTS or PYrHlA1
HAT. TunNER Lopez. 20. 9. E. Of P. mests H..
Ioosnd and fourth Thursdays In tas mouth. kaS
hers in good otanding welcome. Al Labor Tsn-
- Fourth and B'<hth Ave. So.
]. ". Jackson. G. q
Je1L A. OAsz, G. Il. and 8.
ruD1 OF MlNHrso1A Ispsn Ne. TX q P. u,4ss
- first and third Thursday in eAsk Rsnta. A,
pssthss In good Standing wslcenA 1T Mar
. Hall 0scoud street bstWses He,lGpAn and u
1i3at Avs.
FnzD'2 orAE0aI o.
+ b. WARD, Z. 4. and 4