davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1902-11-12
HISTORY OF COLLARS
FIRST WORN FOR UTILITARIAN
PURPOSES AGES AGO.
Philosophy Of Mems Neckwear Pro-
lection Against Swords and
Pixies.
From the Philadelphia Times.

From the Philadelphia Times.
There are few subjects which should be
discussed with anything but an Impartial
mind II it Is desired to render Just opin-
ion on their merits and dement's, and the
subject of collars is assuredly no excep-
ton to this rule. At the same time, it must
be admitted that the only proper way to
discuss this subject Is first to remove it
a somewhat paradoxicaI statement, but
perfectly clear to all who affect collars and
are aware Of their tendency to irritate one
II one is at all heated, as may naturally be
expected In debate. Thus the collar, II re-
tained, would become one of the strongest
arguments against itself.
Therefore we will remove our collar and
plunge at once into a discussion of the
reasons for it's existence, its good points
and It's shortcomings and it's ultimate fate,
and We shall endeavor, IL possible, to decide
whether the world would be any happier or
brighter for the abolition Of collars, or
whether collars per Sc have added to the
gayety of nations.
Not for Ornament.
The exact time when collars were first
worn cannot be set down with any degree
of certainty, but it is reasonable to assume
that they came into being for utilitarian
rather than for ornamental purposes. We
we'll know that the collars Of our mediaevaf
ancestors were substantial enough to pro-
tect the throat from the swords and pixies
of belligerent acquaintanees, and 1t is to
be conjectured that the immediate FORE
bears Of the modern collar had an equally
useful, If not so strenuous, an origin. AS
matter of fact. then, Is would appear
at first glance that the collar of today is
but a degenerate descendant Of such
weighty progenitors; but a survey of the
uses to which collars are now put should
convince one that the plain linen band
has grounds for existence equally we'll
based with those of its great-great-great-
ry-great-grandparents.
In the first place, collars serve to over
come the shortcoming of nature. A six
inch neck with protruding Adams apple
could never hope to get on In the world I'M
assisted by collar. Such a neck would
be simply impossible. Similarly a one-inch
neck with a four-ply chin. Some of our
greatest hnanciers and most astute states
men would be wallowing In sloughs of de-
spond today were 1t not for the ubiquitous
collar. Hence the variety of collars. and
hence the necessity for keeping ones neck
well groomed. The farmers boys who
achieve national fame doubtless owe much
to the collar they donned when they entered
upon an urban career. The rich mems sons
who waste their talents and meander
through lie monuments to failure may
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1902-11-12
M A KING A HARP
ENDS OF THE EARTH ARE
SEARCHED FOR MATERIAL.
Origin Of the Musical Instrument
Hidden in the Remote
Past.
From the Chicago Chronicle.

From the Chicago Chronicle.
The origin of the harp is hidden in the
mists of legend and a remote past. The
musical twang of the hunters bowstring
was doubtless the original suggestion of
the harp. Many Of the ancient instruments
were fashioned like a Bonded bow, and all
were made without the front column, or
pillar. of the modern harp. On the tombs
Of Gizeh In Egypt may be seen the figure
Of triangular harp Of beautiful proper
tions, dating about 1900 B. C. None but the
high castles were allowed to touch it on
pain Of death, and every priest was re-
quired to cultivate the art of harp playing.
The Greeks adapted something of the Egyp-
tian harp idea in making their famous Tyre.
but they traced the origin of the instrument
to the musical sound Of Apollos bowstring,
awakened by his shaft of-vengeance.
American Manufacture.
1t was at the factory Of an enterprising
Chicago firm that the painstaking and ex-
pensive experiments Of many years resulted
not only in overcoming the defects OF the
European harp, but in producing, upon ad-
vanced ideas, an instrument whose beauty
and merit are superior to any other harp
in existence. At the factory where the harp
Is made the visitor Is constantly impressed
with the ''the genius for taking pains"
which characferfzes every portion of the
work. The feyerish haste. and rush of the
city find no expression here. Deliberate
ness, patience-nf1nite patience-are mani
fest In the most minute details of the work.
From the time the materials arrive at the
factory until the harp Is completed and
strung period OF four or five years must
elapse.
The ends of the earth have been searched
for material to be used in producing the
Observation-Disclosures. The wood is care
fully selected by experts and placed upon
the curing shelves, where it remains for at
least one year. then 1t Is sawed and layer
upon layer OF thin strips are glued to-
gether, pressed and returned to the drying
shelves, where 1t remains for another year
Of two. The sounding board is composed
of many pieces of carefully selected. spruce,
which are glued and pressed to form one
board. The sides. or body. Of the harp are
made of delicate layers Of choice maple.
one glued upon another, heated and placed
in zinc mold and subjected to strong
pressure, which gives the beautiful oval
surface so much admired in the body of the
instrument. When removed from the mold
the body Is placed upon the shelves for an
other long period of time.
The Sounding Board.
When thoroughly cured the sounding
hoard Il minutely shaped. the corners edged
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1902-11-12
and tongued with satfnwood. the upper

and tongued with satinwood, the upper
and lower bridges attached and then Sc
curely fastened to the oval body, which has
already received its ribs of red beech. 1t
is then sent to the polisher, who spends day
after day In rubbing, vanishing and pol
ishing the surface Meantime the metal
workers have been casting and finishing
the parts that compose the mechanism Of
the harp.
task and the polisher has added the last
touch to the wooden surface. the mechan-
ism is attached to the frame and the harp
is sent to the stringing room. With the
testing of the last string the five years Of
construction are ended and the splendid In
strument leaves the skillful hands that have
wrought it's wonders, to be fondled by hands
no less loving, but of different order Of
skill, that shall awaken its harmonies to de-
light the listening thousands
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1902-11-12
CACTI C0LLECTIN G
NHE INDIVIDUALITY OF THESE
PLANTS.
"A Fad That Grows on Those Who Be-
come Devoted to
1t.


FErnm the New York Tribune
Not attractive? cactus not interesting
send attractive? Why. there's nothing like
A.: it's the most wonderful plant in the
world insisted enthusiastic grower at
the Garden Flower Show last night. "Cacti
can do everything but talk. They do walk
Why. when l was in Mexico last year
Found one growing in a handful of earth
that had settled in hollow of the rock
Nothing but a cacu could have kept alive
on such short rations; but they're used to
Starvation: they thrive on it! This particu-
aar plant. however. seemed to be of an en-
AcrpIi Using turn of mind. and wanted more
room. Down the rock. in the direction the
heavy stalks would naturally have fallen,
ftr Eelrest patch Of earth was more than
n ard away. while above was a fine pock-
etfui of soil; but it quite out of sight
around the corner of a bowlder How that
cactus ever found IL out is a mystery; but
st twisted its one long branch about In the
Joints to get around the rock TO that earth.
No human being could have been more in
gems and persevering.
Its an intelligent plant, the cactus Is,
and II you once get acquainted with ii you
won't care for anything else. | know two
or three private collectors, regular cactus
cranks. They'll pay any price for crested
Or monstrous form-a freak-and they tend
usually attacks middle aged people A cac-
Gus is good company they say Young
people rarely care for them. They haven't
enough patience.
Seven Blossoms on Stalk.
Yes. we graft them very often. I've had
as many as seven different kinds of bios
SONS on one plant The broad-leafed phyl-
focactus is about the most popular 1t
blossoms very freely and the flowers are
large and snowy. Originally there were
only about ten or twelve varieties of the
phyllocactus, but now We have 125 or more
on the market They are easily propagated
by slips, but for new varieties we cross fer
tilize. There are between 5000 and 5000
different kinds of cacti known to growers
but only few sell for more than $io $15
Or S25. Some Of the rarer Sorts however
run up to 500 $500 In price. These are
sthe freaks. and some of the more uncom-
smon sorts from Chile. Paraguay and Uru-
5guay. The milky kinds usually come from
4Africa"
Here the enthusiastic grower speared the
stalks OF several with a long pin and out
triekled the thick. milky sap.
These. he continued. pointing out a
gray. woolly, stocky plant about a foot In
height. come from the Dead Valley Colo
Sado The collector never knows II he'll get
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1902-11-12

that every man should solve for himself.
It simply means that the coliarless man
is likely to have much physical comfort
but possibly nothing of worldly success,
while the collar wearing Individual will
probably have riches, honor and advance
ment thrust upon him, but certainly none
of the physical enjoyments attendant upon
the existence led by the other fellow.
Which do you prefer? Just think bit
about It.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1902-11-12
Kick on Manners.
From Harper's Weekly.

From Harper's weekly.
Are bad manners on the increase among
us? Riding the other day suburban
train there were FIVE men sitting without
their coats within the immediate range of
the writer's vision. and 1t was not an in
ordinately warm day either. One of these
gentlemen had gone so tar as to roll up his
Sleeves and take off his collar, pair of
red suspenders being much in evidence
There were also three women In the same
car who Invested themselves Of gloves and
hats with the utmost unconcern. and who
were possibly prepared to go further had
The thermometer been few degrees higher
Five, or even three, years ago. such spec
trains.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1902-11-12
Willing to Have Them.

From the Chicago Tribune
Have you any scruples.' inquired the
prosecuting attorney. against infiicting the
death penalty in case of willfui murder?'
Ort TO hev EN-" cautiously asked the
talesman. ''or not to hey 'em. II don't
want to set on the jury7'
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1902-11-12

When thoroughly cured the sounding
board Is minutely shaped. the corners edged
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1902-11-12
S. Waists for
ST. .08.

Derby" Waists are known
Of as best. to women who know
best things best. The new sea-
sons So to S. Waists at $I.o8
include Atwood Flannel and
Mohair garments, in white,
black and all colors. Some with
silk piping; some braided; some
tucked; all with sleeves to do
honor to the name of DERBY"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1902-11-12

The best OF the seasons double width ST
Venetian and Camefs Hair Suitings. Every
best effect will be found here tomorrow-on sec
ond floor. 6oc instead of ST. per yard Only 75c
yard Knickerbocker Sutings and SI.24 for best
S. plain and fancy Zibeline Suitings
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1902-11-12
2Oc Dress Findings,
M. and F.. Sale

See what you get for 5c-card of Hooks and
Eyes, one Ihimble, tube of Needles, Ironing
Wax, piece of Tape, box of Hairpins and Elias
tic Corset Lace. Not the trashy notions YOU
find in prize packages, but worthy dress find
lngs, worthy of the Palais Royal and its patrons
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1902-11-12

justly attribute many of their errors to an
ill-advised selection of collars. Everything
has place and every neck has a collar, but
not any collar.
The Minneapolis journal., 1902-06-27
QUALIFY FOR CUPS
Preliminary Round Is Played in
State Golf Tournament.
H. P. BEND MAKES GOOD SCORE
Favorable Weather Conditions for
First Day Of Play for the
Individual Prize.

Sunny skies and favoring weather, bar
ring slight wind, made almost ideal con-
ditions for golf at the Minikahda Club
this morning when the qualifying round
for the Individual championship opened.
AS early as a. m. the first players
teed off and from that time until after
!, there was a constant stream OF play
ers arriving or departing A few OF the
spectators, went around the course with
some of the best pairs, but most of them
surrounded the secretary's tent and
eagerly compared the scores as the play
ers turned in their cards.
& The crack Minikahda men were decid-
;edlyS off, notably, Jaffray, Corse and Hale,
who all made 81, seven strokes worse than
bogey. Jaffrey had bad luck on his first
round, finishing in 49, and his last round,
though much better than the first was
still not up9to his usual standard.
Schurmeier, Doran and Bend of st. Paul
played excellent golf, Schurmeier and
Doran making the first round in SO. Bend
was stroke worse than bogey on his first
round but in the second played steadily
and evenly. finishing all square with
bogey for the two rounds. Bends drives
were straight and fairly long, and his ap-
'proaches, and puts accurate. He played
the f1rst two holes in bcgey, but took five
for the third, losing an excellent chance
by poor put On the fifth his second
stroke landed him dead on the green, and
he sholed out in three by beautiful put
Of twenty five feet, making him one bet
ter than. bogey for the four holes.
The following scores had been reported up
to ! o'clock: -.
The Minneapolis journal., 1902-06-27
FIGHTERS ON GROUND
CANDIDATES THICK IN ST. PAUL
Headquarters Are Being Opened at
.-.-.. Hotels-Claims of Would-be
State Auditors.

S. G. -Iverson. J. F. jacobson and Odin
Halden; candidates; for state auditor, are
in St. Paul to-day and will stay on the
ground till the nominal tiop is made.
The Iverson men predict the selection
of their man on the first ballot. They
give him the first almost solid, half the
second, the big end of the third, Ramsey
and Washington in the fourth, seventy
votes in Hennepin, the majority Of the
sixth, scattering votes in the seventh and
eighth, and threefourths Of the ninth
district
: 1t is significant that the Halden men
are talking down Iverson, indicating that
they look on him as the leading man.
Senator E. B. Hawkins of Biwabik, chair
man of the St. Louis county delegation is
in charge of the Halden campaign. j,
Adam Bede is lending hand.
T j. F.. jacobson arrived this morning, but
will not open his Headquarters at the
Merchants till tomorrow. He makes no
claim, but his friends, assert that he will
get the plum on the first or second bal
lot.
Ray Jones headquarters were opened
at both the Windsor and the Merchants
hotels day. Senator E. e. Smith, s.
II. Trussell, Sherman Smith, Henry Hanke
and J. w. Nash greet all comers. They
say that no other name will be presented
and Jones will be named by acclamation.
They already have assurances of support
from the second district, and take no
stock in the Miller talk from that section.
Van SAINT headquarters will be opened
tomorrow in room SIS at the Windsor
hotel, in charge of Judge Robert jamie
son, assisted by Colonel Trowb bridge,
Stanley Bezoier and others
Oar Reese claims 800 votes on the hrst
ballot for clerk of the supreme court, but
he has fight on his hands. G.. A Pid-
geon is on the ground. He claims 900
votes solid, with enough anti Reese votes
not heard from to swell it hundred or
so. Gish of LIE Sueur claims eighty-six
third district votes and Everett will have
the second district solid. Reese has been
claiming Mower county, but Senator
Swenningsen said last night the delega
tion was anti Reese. I'VE like Dar all
right he said, "but we think eight years
is enough for any man in a fat office with
no work.
There were more candidates than dele
gates in evidence to-day.
The crowd will not begin to gather
until Monday morning. The special one
fare rate goes into effect Sunday.
The Minneapolis journal., 1902-06-27
TOWN AND COUNTRY WINS
St., Paul Golfers Capture the Spald.
ing Trophy. 5|5 ...t:.

Town and Country golfers were a bad
second to Colonel Bogey at the .Minikahda
club yesterday afternoon, but they easily
beat gut the other teams in the contest
for the Spalding cup, and captured the
handsome trophy by score of 20, against
25 for Minikhada, their nearest rival.
The match was eighteen holes against
from Town and Country, Minikahda, Bryn
Mawr, Meadowbrook, Minnetonka and
Faribault were entered. When the first
pairs turned in their cards for the first
round, it was evident that the contest
lay between Minikahda and Town and
Country, and from then on interest CEN
tered in the matches in which the players
Of these two teams were engaged.
It was a field day for Colonel Bogey.
their game, and the same could be said
Of some Of the Town and Country men.
The doughty colonel, it may be said in
passing, is never off his game, but plays
just the same every day. @se
= The poor showing Of Jaffray, Hale and
Corse of the Minikahda team was one of
the surprises Of the day >Jaffray, who
has been playing in bogey right along in
practice, allowed the colonel to take five
who beat the colonel three up Tuesday,
finished three down yesterday on each
round. Corse played steady, accurate
golf on his first round, and finished all
square, but fell down badly in the second,
and after pulling out Of several bad places
finally finished four down.
E. s. Woodworth, on the other hand
played excellent. golf, and shared with
Doran Of Town and Country the distinc-
tion of winning round from the colonel
Woodworth finished one up on his first
round, but did not do 80 we'll in the sec
ond, being three down at the conclusion
of the match. Nevertheless his score was
next best to that of Doran
Doran played remarkably even game,
finishing one down in his first round but
winning the second one UP, and
making him9all square with Bogey at the
conclusion OF the match. The scores:
TOWN AND COUNTRY
The Minneapolis journal., 1902-06-27
JoBBING sEEDMEN MEET
THEY ELECT THREE DIRECTORS
Election of Officers This Afternoon
"A Loving Cup for. j. e.
e. sst-
NOrthrup.

The third annual meeting of the Whole
sale Sediments league set for last even
ing at the West Hotel was not held until
this morning. This meeting as we'll as
that Of the board Of control yesterday
afternoon was executive.
Three directors to serve three years
were elected by the wholesale men: F. w.
Bruggerhof, S. F.. Leonard, jerome B.
Rice. S. M. Pease, resigned, was re-
elected. The directors will meet late to-
day to elect officers. 1t is, expected that
the former officers. will be reelected.
4 President Bruggerhof, in his address,
made some interesting remarks about the
early days of Minnesota and told how
Mr.. LIE Due, a pioneer farmer, and later
a commissioner of the department of ag..
riculture, had doomed the state at the
crystal palace in New York by piecing out
his exhibit from John street sede store s
stock. +,
Retiring President j. E. Northrup, of
the American Seed Trade association, en-
tertained the members this noon at
luncheon. Yesterday Mr.. Northrup was
presented with a beautiful loving cup by
the members. The cup was dedicated to-
day. Mrs. C. P. Braslan, of San Jose,
CAL, entertained several of the visiting
delegates this morning at the West with
an informal song recital - -. -
The Minneapolis journal., 1902-06-27
AN EASIER WAY OUT
Drs. Clark and Cohen Expected to
Resign.
B.oF C.AND c. GAVE THEM CHANCE
Afternoon to Fake Action
ON Their Cases.

The board of corrections. and charities
has found an easier way to rid the city
payroll Of the names of Drs Clark and
Cohen, Of the city physicians staff, than
by dischargeing them. At the conclusion
of the meeting this morning it was an
nounced that3the matter would be taken
up at an adjourned meeting at o'clock
and the expectation was that both would
have their designations ready then. S5
One of, the three members now in the
city has not taken kindly to the proposal
to dispense with the services Of the 1.-TWO
physicians on account of their connection
with the mayors Infamous inspection
scheme. He takes the ground that the
inspection scheme is not matter that
concerns the board, and that since the in
spection has voluntarily been dropped, it
Is wise to smooth matters over as easily
as possible. Therefore, to save the young
men the disgrace of dismissal, it was de-
cided to give them a chance to resign.
Commissioner Russell, who has been
out of the city for several weeks, was ex :
pected at to-day's meeting, but did not
appear. ~~'s
The Minneapolis journal., 1902-06-27
JUBlLANT OVER MORRIS BILL
Residents of Cass Lake on. Their
~. Way From Warrington.

A. G. Barnard, editor of the Cass Lake
Voice. and E. L. Warren Of Cass Lake,
are in Minneapolis on their way home
from Washington, where they have put in
several months lobbying in the interests
of the recently enacted Norris bill for
opening TO settlement the Chippewa res
ervation.
They say that 1t is. the greatest piece
OF legislation yet secured for the de-
velopment OF the northern country. The
champions of the bill are particularly
jubilant over its passage because they had
to fight both the forest reserve and lum-
Der interests. In addition to Congress
man Page Morris, Congressman Fred
Stevens Of St. Paul is said to have done
a great deal to secure the enactment Of
the bill. O..
The park promoters were finally salts
fed by the reservation Of two islands in
Cass lake and Pine point, Bear island and
Sugar point in Leech lake.
The timber. involved will be sold on
the bank scale, sealed bids being required
at not less than 81 for Norway and IS
for white pine. A million acres of land
will thus be thrown open to settlement al
S1.25 per acre, the proceeds to go to the
Indian fund, after the Indians have been
allotted their eighty-a acre homesteads.
The Minneapolis journal., 1902-06-27
HIGH LIFE IN HORSED0M
Grand Gathering of Blue Blooded
Steeds for Horse Show.

Steeds for Horse Show.
Entries for the Minneapolis horse show
closed last night and Secretary Jones
reports bumper list in nearly every
division Of the thirty classes named.
The twin cities have made handsome
showing In every class and the St.. Paul
horses will be numerous: OF the flour
city steeds, but. few Of the very select
are left out and some classes will have
extra large representation The open
classes are favored with large numbers Of
foreign horses and those. attending the
exhibit next week will be amazed at
the magnitude of the show, for scores of
famous prize winners of southern and
western shows are entered and are to ap-
pear at the .Minnehaha exhibit which
open on Tuesday, Derby Day. But few
can realize what a grand and extensive
horse show is to be given here, for never
before In the history Of the city has such
an entry of exhibition horses been re-
ceived and it is veritable fact that in
one shipment alone four cars Of cham
pion prize winners are to arrive These
horses are famous from numerous win
nings at Chicago, st. Louis, Kansas City,
Denver and other horse shows and are
bound to excite the admiration Of all
viewing the exhibition at the Minneha ha
course.