davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Barre evening telegram. (Barre, Vt.) 1898-19??, 1902-10-24
A NARROWING RIDE,
Dickens Trip by StagecOach From
Cleveland to Sandusky.

Dickens Trip by StagecOach FROM
Cleveland to Sandusky.
When Charles Dickens visited Amer
lea in 1912, he travelled by stagecoach
from Cleveland to Sandusky. @. De-
scribing his experience, he wrote:
AT one time we We're all thrown to,
gether in heap at the bottom of the
coach, and at another we We're crush
ing our heads against the roof. Now
the coach was lying on the tails of the
two wheelers, and now it was rearing
up in the air. The driver, who certain
ly got over the ground in a manner
quite miraculous, so twisted and turn
ed the team in forcing passage cork
screw fashion through the boys and
swamps that it was a common circum-
stance on looking out of the window to
see the cOachman with the ends Of
pair of reins in his hands. apparently
driving nothing, and the leaders star
ing unexpectedly at one from the back
of the coach, as if they had some idea
of getting up behind.
"a great portion of the way was over
what is called a corduroy road which
is made by throwing trunks of trees
into marsh and leaving them to set
tie there. The very slightest of the
jolts with which the ponderous car
riage fell from log to log was enough,
it seemed, to have dislocated all the
bones in the human body. 1t would be
impossible to experience similar set
of sensations in any other circum-
stances unless perhaps in attempting
to go up to the top of st. Pauls in an
omnibus"
This description serves to illustrate
the condition of our country roads, gen
orally speaking. as they were half
century ago except in few wealthy
communities. There has been Won
derful change since then.
Barre evening telegram. (Barre, Vt.) 1898-19??, 1902-10-24
SHE WAS TOO GOOD.
WAY Old Uncle Lige Left the Whole
Cabin to His Wife,

One winter In the mountains of
North Carolina met old Ligc Downs,
q familiar character Of those hills,
trudging toward town with bundle
tied in red bandanna slung over his
stopped shoulders.
"Good morning, Uncle Lige,' ! said.
"Mawnin', missy" he replied, taking
his hat from his kinked white crown.
'Are you going away" l asked.
"Yessum," he answered, "yessum."
"Whcre's Aunt Hoote? Is she going
too?"
"Nome; she amt gwine VIII me.
amt 10 iittin' cunnp'ny fer dat woman
nohow"
"Why, what's the matter?" l asked
amazed. 81 always thought Ilootio
was the best wife in the world
"Yessum; OATS what she shorely is.
But pore, missile sinnah laik me
KANT stan so much goodness. Dat
woman ncyah did know de power Of
sin, an de parson hisself kain't come
up to huh for preachin, De hull cabin
shines VIII glory, but mel Amt muffin
but black spot
why Uncle Lige, you cannot leave
your wife because she's good" | said.
THAT would be strange cause for
divorce"
"Deys lots Of um does it, missy.
amt no objections to huh bein' good,
but when anybody gifts so good dat
dcy amt got no feclins for nobody,
what dey wants is a cabin to dere-
selves"
The "black spot" moved down the
sun hecked road toward other blacker
spots that waited for him in the vii
lage.-EXchange.
Barre evening telegram. (Barre, Vt.) 1898-19??, 1902-10-24
NEEDS OF PHlLIPPINTe
Educated Native Comes to Tell What
the Islands Want,


San Francisco, Oct. 24.-Raimon
Reyes Lala, native Filipino, graduate
pf Oxford and naturalized American
has arrived here on his way from Ma,
pla to Washington to tell something
Of the present urgent needs of the
philippines.
Legislation is much needed for the
philippines says Lala. I'VE Door
Filiplnos need stable currency. We
cannot do business with the States
without fixed standard Of money. In
the Old days silver was generally
Worth three f0urths as much as cold
ana at the worst two for one. But now
silYer-and it is Il silver country. thous.b
the government demands all its pay
ments in gold-silver is lower yet So.37
FOR every dollar in gold.
"To secure Sl00 in gold when I was
leaving for the States, had to nav
something like $500 in 81 ~. The
worst of it is that there is no estab
Hshed ratio. The commission can
make it anything they see tit
'Ihe islands need railroads. They
need more reliable labor for my coun-
try, for the laborins class is very UNI
certain. If they make few dollars.
they don't care to work till the money
is spent"
Barre evening telegram. (Barre, Vt.) 1898-19??, 1902-10-24
Painless Deaths.

Probably the least painful death is
by means of an overdose of chloroform.
You begin with a pleasant sensation
and end in oblivion. Prussic acid acts
simultaneously. Presenting the agony
Of anticipation avoided, some violent
deaths are quite painless, as they give
no time for feeling pain. Such are be-
ing blown to pieces by dynamite or by
a shell. Drowning is said to be lux
ury. and experts have recommended
opening a vein in hot bath. Lauda-
mum and other narcotics would run
chloroform and ether hard for first
place
Barre evening telegram. (Barre, Vt.) 1898-19??, 1902-10-24
The Blue of SnpphireS.

Star sapphires are generally of a
grayish blue tint, and the star is ex-
hibited in it's greatest perfection when
looked at by the light of the sun or a
candle. The sapphire is found of all
tints and shades of blue, but the color
which approXimates to the shade for
merly called "bleu do roi' is the most
valuable. A really fine sapphire should
appear blue by artificial light as well
as by day. This stone is found in crys-
tails generally of much larger size than
the ruby. The name sapphire" is
through all languages with Very slight
altera tion-the Hebrew name sapphir,
the Chalda saprinon. the Greek zaf
firos, the Latin sapphrus, etc.
Barre evening telegram. (Barre, Vt.) 1898-19??, 1902-10-24
A Sweet Stomach
comes only by having a perfect
acting liver and good DIGESTION
both can easily be had by using
Beecham'S
Pills

Making "Noonshine" whisky.
$50 this is the only liquor distlllery
in all these mountainsE" remarked the
visitor TO little mountain settlement
in North Carolina IN Il tone that Was
half questioning.
1T do be, said the mountain whisky
maker.
How much do you turn ont in s
day. asked the sttango4
"Waal, reckon we make along about
twenty gallons n day
And is that all the whisky that's
drunk in these parts?'
Say, you be-ent no revenue sharp,
be you?' he demanded suddC.lly.
Cause if you be | amt rot nothin'
to say. | pays my taxes, as ever one
knows. an that's all there is to it,
After Il time the stranger persuaded
him that there waS no Interior motive
in his questioning, and the old man ex-
planned the whisky situation.
Il tole you this WAS the only still
around here, an so it is--the only one
that pays tax. But" he continued,
every old woman in those mountains
has Il copper kettle in which she bolls
her washing. Every old woman has Il
lid that fits the copper kettle tightly,
and that can be fastened down. They
boil clothes il them on Monday and
they boil whisky in them the other six
days of the wcek."-New York Trib-
una
Barre evening telegram. (Barre, Vt.) 1898-19??, 1902-10-24

City Belief hope your stay in our
city will not be short Mr.. De Science.
Mr.. De Science (member of the Or
nithologists' union)-Thank you, but
my sojourn must be brief. ! am here
attending the pathological convention
at the Museum of Natural History, and
the session will soon be over
"What kind of a convention did you
say?"
"Ornithological-about birds, you
know"
"Oh, yes, yes. How stupid Of me!
Do you think they will be worn much
next season."
Barre evening telegram. (Barre, Vt.) 1898-19??, 1902-10-24
Won't Remove Cattle Ban.

London, Oct 24.--Mr. Hanbury pres
ident of the board of agriculture, re-
plying to the deputation which waited
upon him to request him to open
British ports to the importation of
live cattle from Argentina, refused to
do so until he was satisfied that no
cattle disease existed in Argentina and
that the Argentine government was
taking proper steps to prevent the in
PRODUCTION of disease into Argentina.
Barre evening telegram. (Barre, Vt.) 1898-19??, 1902-10-24
TRIPLE JAPANESE MURDER,
Z. Hidal>a XIII. T,,D Wen and Il WO-
MAJ, OF His Dawn Land.

Sacramento. Cal, Get. ply. Hidaka
entered a Japanese boarding house and
shot three other .lHls, Mr. and Mrs.
NOshinoto and II. To!;utiom killing
all of them. He then made his escape
and has not been captured.
1t Is claimed that ildaka became in
fatuated with Mrs. IOshimOto and fol-
lowed her and her husband from Seat
tie. When he met them in the board
Ing house, the couple happened to be in
company with Tokutiomi. and, draw
Ing two reviewers. Ilidaka killed the
three
Barre evening telegram. (Barre, Vt.) 1898-19??, 1902-10-24
A Puzzled iOunESter.

Harry is the youngest of the family,
the only boy among several girls, and
sometimes the superior advantages Of
girls seem to weigh heavily on his
youthful mind The other day we
heard him say thoughtfully to himself:
"Women always first. l wonder why
God didn't make 'em first but he
didn't. He made Adam first"
Barre evening telegram. (Barre, Vt.) 1898-19??, 1902-10-24
GREIG PLEADS GUILTY.
Carnegie BOOkkeeper Given Five
Years For Forgery.

London, Oct 24.-L. III. Greig, until
recently a bookkeeper in the London
offices of the Carnegie Steel company
and charged with forgery and abstract
ing checks aggregating $S1, 265 from
the correspondence of the Carnegie
company. pleaded guilty to forgery
and was sentenced to five years penal
servitude.
Counsel said the Irregularities had
been going on for three years. The to-
tai amount of the forged checks was
100000, of which Greig had in his
possession $125,0O0. The balance had
been transferred from one bank to an
Barre evening telegram. (Barre, Vt.) 1898-19??, 1902-10-24

Victoria, b. c., Oct. 24.-The steamer
Kinshu Maru brings news of the
drowning of nine Americans and Eu-
ropeans as a result of the capsizing of
a launch on the Siberian coast. The
launch was landing passengers from
the steamer Sungard at Kamchatka
and was overturned in the surf.
Barre evening telegram. (Barre, Vt.) 1898-19??, 1902-10-24

Washington, Oct. 24.--The following
fourth class postmasters have been APP
pointed:
Pennsylvania-Berin William s.
Sweitzer.
New York-Ketchum's Corners, Nan
cy d. Thomas.
New Hampshire-Shelbur Irving
M. Head
Barre evening telegram. (Barre, Vt.) 1898-19??, 1902-10-24

Ballsten, N. V, Oct 24.-The Sara
toga county grand jury has presented
about forty indictments against citi-
zens of Mechanicsville, saltwater and
Waterford. charging rioting during the
Hudson Valley RAILROAD disturbances in
those villages.
Barre evening telegram. (Barre, Vt.) 1898-19??, 1902-10-24
ALWAYS Tired.

Tired Tatters-TIerc's Il piece in dis
paper wot's insult to de profesh.
Weary Walker-Wot's it say?
Tired Tatters-It seq dat a Teller
ortn't ter eat nuttin' when he's tired.
Weary Walker-Well, wot's de mat
ter wild dat item?
Tired Tatters-Wot's de matter wild
it? Say, do youse want er Teller ter
starve ter death Exchange.
Barre evening telegram. (Barre, Vt.) 1898-19??, 1902-10-24
Life and Death.

Life, after all, is masquerade, says
a writer in the Phtsburg Press. We
fear to show our tenderness and our
love- We habitually hide our best feel
ings lest we be judged weak and emo
tional. Sometimes it needs death to
show us ourselves and to teach our
friends our deep and unsupported kind
Barre evening telegram. (Barre, Vt.) 1898-19??, 1902-10-24
Where Accuracy I. REQUIRED.

Where ACCURACY Is NeQu1red.
"Why does Grimmer haunt the H.
braries?"
Gle Ia writing historical novel,"
ooh! Looking up the historical facts.
is hep"
"No; the costumes "-Cleveland Plain
Dealer.
Barre evening telegram. (Barre, Vt.) 1898-19??, 1902-10-24
An Offset.

Wealthy American Father-in-law-l
find. count, you did not tell me the
full extent of your debts.
Count Boylon de Bakkovisnek-And
you did not tell me, sare, re full extent
of mademoiselle' tempare. - Chicago
Tribune.
Barre evening telegram. (Barre, Vt.) 1898-19??, 1902-10-24
Won't We'd Greenway,

Washington, Oct. 24.-It is authori.
tatively stated that there is absolutely
no foundation for report from Little
Rock, Ark. regarding the engagement
OF Miss Alice Roosevelt, daughter of
the president, to John Greenway Of
Not Springs. Ark.
Barre evening telegram. (Barre, Vt.) 1898-19??, 1902-10-24

Paterson, N. J., Oct. "a. - Katz's
brewery has been damaged by fire to
the extent of $4,000. The loss is fully
covered by Insurance.
Barre evening telegram. (Barre, Vt.) 1898-19??, 1902-10-24

Burning the candle at both ends
gives big light, but it's mighty dark
when the light goes out.-Baltimore
News.
Barre evening telegram. (Barre, Vt.) 1898-19??, 1902-10-24
The Weather.
Rain: west winds.
FINANCIAL AND COMMERCIAL.
Closing Quotations of the New York
stock Exchange.

New York Oct. 90
Money on call steady at 5la per cent
Prime mercantile paper. 6 per cent. Ster-
ling exchange firm, with actual business
in bankers bills at 81 S6625a4 S6I5 for de-
mand and at "a. s35Oai. s375 for 60 day bills
Posted rates, $4.4l2 and AS7l2. CONNER
cial bills. $l.S275ai. 1925. Bar silver. 50ssc
Mexican dollars, 39a.c Government bonds
irregular. State bonds strong. Railroad
bonds steady.
Closing prices:
Atchison ....... $685. Ontario & West. 1895
Ches & Ohio. 5l4 Peoples Gas 1882
Erie 3S7s Reading ......... 67Ss
Gen. Electric. 1854 St. Paul 1873
Iackawanna. ..256 Sugar Refinery 1881
Lead ........... 2S3s Texas Pacific 43a4
Louis Il Nash. 139 Union Pacific ..104a
Manhattan Con.134Ss Wabash pref. :. 1873
Missouri Pac. ...110Ss West. Union -. 9l14
". Y Central. 1855
Barre evening telegram. (Barre, Vt.) 1898-19??, 1902-10-24
Are You About
To Build?

If so see that your builders
contract. has clause provid-
ings.that..the structure shall be
erected by UNION LABOR,
which will insure you of good
work I and JOB completed
without delay.
Per order Union No. 481,
Carpenters and Joiners of
America.
w. H. MEssER,
SEC'Y.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1902-12-13
LIVERPOOL. December l..-tspecial).
BULL MARKET IN JANUARY,

A New York broker wired MS FIcI'iuoilo
correspondent yesterday as follows:
About 100000 shares dealt IN To-Day,
AT least 400. 900 shares was liquidation OF
long stocks. The greatest liquidation
was in ST Paul. Steel common. Union "a
citic. Southern Pacific, ard Pennsylvania.
This would point to a continuation OF the
closing out Of pools. The street oelleFes
that the rooms are pracucaily Out oi
their long stocks and are no longer on
the bull side; again. the Waldorf people
who bought a big block Of stocks after
the decline of November 18TH. have sold
Yesterday and to-day the stocks they ac-
cumulated between November 18th and
December LIST on the rise. MT. Gates mas
also been seller Of stocks, but not 10 Inc
same extent as the other two.
Mr.. Conner. who has been bear, anu
short about 50, 900 shares OF stocks, COW
cred I'D to-day. and many believe ne was
responsible for the sharp bidding up or
nricss this afternoon, which caused the
curry away the other shorts. in fact the
closing prices. which were about per
cent. above the lowest figures Of the day
and over ! per cent above the opening
prices. were due mainly to frightened
bears covering their short contracts. -
rumor evidently intended to frighten the
bears. was circulated saying Secretary
Shaw had come 10 New York in q hurry
and the banks were SL'i"b o1t ~ 80
pression that he was going TO do some
thing to nell, the money sl.,:at."n tere
is probably no foundation for this story.
which probably emanatcd from MI Con-
nor, who was acquiring coup against
the other shorts. So much for the room
trading
Among the heavy buyers OF the Gay
have been Mr. Morgan and Mr. Rookie
fel,er. insurance companies and banking
neople. who always como In on days o.
iiouidation. svrh IL to-day. their tl;;'rS
especially noticeable IN stocks ttkA Con.
soIidated Gas and other high investments
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1902-12-13
WALL STREET TIPS.

London quotations quoted declines in
t-l most prominent stocks.
Thl sharp break in prices Of the early
r7arriag was followed 10y substantial
5iN.
Mauy thought the declines had gone far
agu and bought for , turn on the long
ae
Stocks bought yesterday will not be
fali Tor un1jl Monday which made opera
t'eUs look more attractive.
he preliminary estimates of the cur
reacy movement were more favorable.
alHch OF the rally was due to the cover
Ing 9f short contracts and the market
acted Well
Undoubtedly the money situation has
hean cased somewhat by the heavy liQui-
t.aa.
The prospects are that funds will be in
e:GauG III good interest rates for some
III vas said by good people yesterday
tat the situation is safe but there could
I'VE 30 general upward movement at pres
sat
i-argings for first week in December:
Central OF Georgia increased $3.50; Big
Fg-r Increased 5000; Southern railway
increased 81. 22T+, Louisville and Nashville
Increased $3.50.
Bankers expect continued tight money.
IN do not consider the situation alarm
as
Rock Island earnings about 5 per cent
AZ common stock at present.
New York Sun says: Grass Twine d.
Tectors reduced dividend for last quar-
'er 0; the year from Ia TO ia per cent.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1902-12-13
OUTSIDE SECURITIES.

Security values we're again under pres
sure in the outside market yesterday. but
tie downward tendency was not as sharp
as that which chara cterized the session
Of the previous day. Speculation consist
ed largely of liquidating sales There
vas q resumption Of Thursdays selling
movement in Northern Securities which
at the outset carried the stock down from
1r5 to 1861. or l point under Thursday g
closing. Subsequently there was rally
to lo6a: and a reaction to 10b1a. Total
dealings were 1900 shares
There was distinct weakness in Sea-
board Airline preferred. which on a
business of 400 shares sold down from
I! IA to Az. a net loss as compared with
Yesterdays prices of 21-4 points.
American Can preferred weakened to
the extent Of q Of point, 200 shares
selling at ~. The common changed hands
at lis and 2.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1902-12-13
Ruznors of increased dividend on Ne,

Rumors Of increased dividend on New
York Central come from good sources.
Reported selling of II. c. tricks. United
States Steel holdings.
Talk OF deal between Hooking Valley
and Chesapeake and Ohio
Western Union shows earning capacity
a t.ifie under S per cent.
Steel trade authorities bullish on Nor
folk and Western on development of Po-
cahoutas coal lands
Big Montreal insiders protecting Cana
dian Pacific in market.
Waldorf-Astoria crowd reported active
short side of Reading.
Stocks plentiful in loan crowd but some
professional short interest indica ted.
Strike Of boilermakeTs and machinlsts
on Southern Pacific seems probable.
Principal movement of currency this
v eek indicates that the banks lost there
by 700. The banks gained on the
direct interior movement 81, 600 The
loss TO the sub-Treasury was s,72o,0o0 and
sold exports were Sl.ooo.noo. This is the
first large gain from the interior since the
last week Of July.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1902-12-13
NEW YORK December 12.-Flour-
Quieter, but very steadily held; Minnesota
patents. $41$4.2o

NEW YORK. December 13.-Flour-
Quieter, but very steadily held; Minnesota
patents. sl@s4:2o.
Rye Flour-Steady.
Buckwheat Flour-Steady.
Cornmeal-Steady.
Ryc-Steady.
Barley-Dull.
Wheat-Spot market easy: No. 2 red.
s21ac. Options were irregular all day.
being easy and firm by turns, with Ar
gentine news conflicting. and the crowd
inclined to take profits on recent 2 ur-
chases. Cables were firm from Engiisn
points, interior receipts light. and clear.
ances moderate. Later, heavy selling OF
May for western account made the close
closed closed SIC: December closed SIC.
Corn-Spot dull; No. ,. SEC. Option
market advanced at first. notably for De-
cember on covering. due to bad weather.
yielded, with wheat, and the close was
Closed 1.aAc higher: January closed
65Ac.; May closed 1870; December closed
Oats-spot firm: No. 2. 37lkc; Option
fairly active and irregular. like other
markets: December closed 3e@c.
Beef-Qufet.
Iard-Easy: western steamed. 11ltc;; r. r.
fined quiet: Continent, s11.75; S. A., $lfl5;
compound. s7.50@s7.7o.
Pork-Quiet.
Rosin-Firm.
entine-Firn at 54a54,:c.
Coffee-Spot Rio quiet: No. Z. invoice.
sac: mild quiet; Cordova. 7124l2c:
Susar-Raw firm: fair refining, 3 7-16c.
centrifugal (eS-degree test>. 15-1sc.; re-
fined firm. ~
prices unchanged to points lower. About
the only feature of the day: II 1t may
be called feature. was the extreme
a amountiue u to Only s.57o bags. Market
closed unchanged and quiet.
Butter-Firn: extra creamery, Soc.;
State dairy. 2O@21c.
Cheese-Firm: State. full cream. faneF.
small colored September. 1916: late, l3c.;
small white September. 1s!zc:: late lsc.
Potatoes-t'irm: Jerseys. H;7oas2oS:
State and western. per iSo POUNDS sl:oug
81; Long Island. s2ase,3o; South Jersey
Peanuts-Easy; fancy hand-ricked' 4su
white. sl5O@ss; red. s1.5oq $3.50.
Cotton-By steam to Liverpool, 12c
BALTIMORE. ND, December H.
Flour-Stsady and unchanged.
Wheat-steady: spot and Pc, Decem 9dSe
Corn-steady; spot, old. 55a55kc.; new,
54jkc.: January. 5l11@51Mc.: May. 4sc,;
southern white corn. new, 4s3za54he.
Oats-Strong; No. white, 3oc.
Rye-Steady: No. 2, 5o12c.
Butter-Firm and higher; fancy 1mlta'
ton, 22@23c.: fancy creamery: soaS1c.
Eggs-Firm and unchanged.
Cheese-Firm and unchanged.
Sugar-F'irm and unchanged
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1902-12-13

Ill
The cotton market was quite active at
tbe onenine. but with the sudden turn
in contract values, there was an abrupt
falling Oft in the demand TOT Spots;
Quotations unchanged. Futures ope;led
with an advance OF 19Z n!tS' ana ana
moved up 2 to 5 points additiona!. Inc
decline, precipitated by financial San
ditions in New York. was QUICKLY .enect.
cd in this market. and values gave Way
to s points. The decline was c?ecKeo
Nv Secretary Hester's showing OF very
light weekly movement Of the crop INTO
s;Tht and prices reacted bout l,oInts;;
Lea xine the market at the close to =
,,es-ts lower than yesterdlJ cios'''s
is :. . TESTERS STATEMENT.
Secretary Testers statement issued TO-
da1s shows the worlds total visible sup
r1,s If cotton to be 3.574, 165 bales. against
: AGA. o4s bales last week ana $3.50 naies
last wear. OF this. the total OF AMER.
can cotton is 2.ase. 165 bales: against
> e42 24s bales last week. and az bales
1.si Year. and Of all other kinds: IN.
ni,,dinr Egypt Brazil. India. ETC.. a1ouO
h.1es against $1,000 bales last week. and
sOao0D bales last year.
~ ~ the worlds visible supply OF cot
~, +her. Is now af1oat and held in Great
pri+e;m and Continental Europe 1,6:auD
s S,i.s" ,eainat 1905 on0 bales last year:
N Eeypt. 1es 900 bales: against ls4 oeo
h W "a AT year: in India. $4,000 bales.
aeain.i ia. Of0 bales last year. and IN the
tinted states. 100000 bales. against
So, 900 last year.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1902-12-13
GRAIN NOTES.

Activity prevailed in all the grain pits
to-day and prices were higher with wheat
specially strong. The local sentiment was
extremely bullish there being buying or
ders from all quarters. Cables were
higher and receipts small, which addeo
TO the strength.
Corn opened strong in sympathy with
wheat and on a good general demand
May was l-s@1-4 to 1-4a3-Sc. up. at 44&
to A 7-6c, be the realizing brought about
a decline 10 "A 5-sc.
Oats were fairly active and strong. the
action OF other grains being an incentive
TO better prices, as was also the small! re-
ceipts and a good cash demand.