davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1902-01-05

~ SIiGirmine, TeKas.-Dear Happyhammers:
VII you admit another little boy into
your band OF boys ana girsj l am ii years
OF age. Ike TO go to school. I have three
nne hens with thirty little chickens Tor
pets' NY papa takes The Post and | en-
Joy, reading the Happyhammers page. IL
VIII be christmas soon ana the Santa Claus
comes / hope. l will close for this time.
a new AhR, AleXandcr knoehe
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1902-01-05

dlscn1cs OF the liver. kidney. bladder and blood
tG"n thai holtl" WI he scat absolutely tree
: =, Cure Co. Eo'hrstor, n. y, anil mention
Pos one @ OF or mis- ooG GTsT Is ty
Of each deease, and many convincing testlmo
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1902-01-05

GRANGER, Texns.-Dear HappyhammprS 1
hive heen q silent admirer Of the Han
Clnh for same time and have inst made
your hand Hnd hone van viii admit mo
w hero Is Gcrnral Rohert T. Iee. + Ike
Oliver 4 " Thorton hcl'evo We should
hpve nerranent fund and 7 viii ask MI
who VIII Five * cents month 20 send II
n tho e'ph and write me- whst thev think
OF nv nlan ami I ask The Post 70 have
a separate list for those Of the permanent
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1902-01-05

probably make the blacks more trouble.
some than ever. II win cause them TO
think they are "as good as any white
man. Whatever motive our president may
have had Ia dining with the negro Washing,
ton, we can not but believe that he lower
ed himself when he did so. | win close for
this time VIII write TO you again some.
David COpperheld
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1902-01-05

, cleveland, TexaS.--Dear Happyhammer:
! see that the contest is over ana General
Lee has won. hope we shall have another
ooLttst soon ana shan be As equally inter
esting, ! also see that a great many nave
sent in collections Tor THANKSGIVING.
was going to collect but was sick. | hone
we shall get enough money by Christmas
10 get cripple chair Don't you know
she would be glad If on Christmas morn
ing when she woke W to see a chair for
IVf \ true hap, Eleanor Boothe.
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1902-01-05

Sholar TeNas.-Dear Happyhammers: I
am going to school and learning fast. Ii
Is country school and there are about forty
pupils. am 10 years old and study seven
DOCKS. NY father owns mill, store and
a farm. Christmas will soon he here, and
! Will be glad. l suppose we will have a
christmas tree and all enjoy ourselves
Dear haps ! have the sweetest little
brother You ever saw. He has dark %
and curly hair; He will soon be yea $
old ! VIII close, for 1 fear the waste
basket. as have never written before.
ALMA Sholar
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1902-01-05

fund. Come again. Charles h. Fuller,
IKE Your letters That was an able tab
on WHISKY that Gipsie Grace Harper gave
on November "A. Enclosed Phase lind J,
cents nav dues for December. Merry
= hriSlmas aud Happy New Year 20 al
the iaps aud The Post
Arnold d Recder
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1902-01-05

~, Sholar, Tcxas.-Dcar Happyhammers: 1
thct ght ! would write few lines am
l6 yenrs cid and nm going TO school
VIII describe Sholar. 1t has two stores,
one mil one poStofdce and good school
Christmas will SOC he hero ! guess most
OF rs will he ga. read letter on
the last weeks page from Carrie Rich
ardson. ] would like to get a letter from
her have four brothers and two sisters
!, guess we will have a Christmas tree
Well, as my letter is getting long. | viii
close. new Hap. Winnie Richardson
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1902-01-05

Axtell, Texas.-Dear Happyhammers: IA
there any room in the nappyhGmmcr >
paget If there is, let me ill., pieuse
nave one pet a calf. His name is Peter
Jackson. live in Aytell. 1t is very
My futher is a depot agent on the Cotton
Belt railroad / have two brothers and
n'e sisters. I'm the Oldest. Enroll NV
name as Hap, If this does not get in
tue waste basket. Minnie Whitehead.
BoletiÌn mercantil de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 18??-1918, 1902-06-30

had little money Of his own, and he is
poorer today By several thousand dol
lars He has been obliged to go down
into his own pocket to meet expenses,
which properly should have been PAID
oft Of the public funds, because they
were purely in the public interest.
Much has been said about the money
which has been paid out of the Cuban
ftsnd to Gen. Gomez. The American
congress, at the close of the war with
Spain, made an appropriation of $1,000
600, out of which money was to be dis
tributed to the officers and men of the
Cuban army. They had been carrying
on an unequal warfare for years, had
sacrificed their own property and inter-
eStS, and if it had not been for the ac-
tion of congress they would have been
left penniless at the close of the war,
For the United States to have neglect
ed them would have been an act OF
almost criminal folly. In their desper
ate condition they must have been a
source of continual irritation. They
would have been a fruitful source ol
dissatisfaction with the policy of the
American administration. It would
have been impossible for the people o.
Cuba to understand how it came abou
that these men, through whose valol
and sacrifices the island had been pu
in the way of escape from the tyranny
of Spain, were left penniless and unre
warded after what they fought for hae
been secured. Every consideration o
Justice and of policy demanded tha
they should be treated with generosity
That was the Judgment of Presiden
Mckinley, of his secretary of war ant
of congress. The governor general Q
the island acted in obedience to tha
Judgment.
Gen. Gomez was the representativ
of the army. He occupied in Cub
, something like the position which wa
occupied by Washington in the Unite
States at the close of the Revolution
He was an object of general reveratlo1
and at the same time he was the sui
iect of constant demands upon his ho
: pitality and his purse by those who ha
, served under him. The American go'
5 ernment recognized his position and hi
needs. A sum was given him at ono
: to meet pressing necessities, and Their
BoletiÌn mercantil de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 18??-1918, 1902-06-30

The feeling in administration circles
with regard to the attacks which are
directed against Gen. Wood on account
of expenditures in the island of Cuba IS
of indignation. There is not an item
in Gen. Woods accounts, from the day
he became governor general until now,
which he and his superiors are not pre-
pairing to spread before the public. A
large force of clerks has been at work
for some time tabulating the figures
which will show to penny exactly how
the Cuban funds were administered by
ou1 military government for the benetl'
of the people of the island. But ever
with the utmost diligence and speed i
must be weeks before that compilation
can be completed.
Gen Wood has the hearty and enthusl
astic Endorsement of President Roose
welt and Secretary Root in his conduc
of affairs in Cuba. He had the equal,
hearty and enthusiastic Endorsement o
President Mckinley Not step of an,
consequence was taken in Cuba by Ger
Wood without the advice and approva
of the President and the secretary @
war, and the result of his administrs
tion is shown in the fact that after fou
years of American control Cuba is on
of the best governed communities i
the world. Where, during centuries c
Spanish nlisru1e there had grown up
country of revolutions, unrest, filth an
disease, there now has been establishe
a government over a peaceful peop,
with money in the treasury and wit
cities which are models of cleannes
and health.
When Gen. Wood went to Cuba h
BoletiÌn mercantil de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 18??-1918, 1902-06-30

after allowances were regularly made.
He has received in all about $4,000. at
the rate of about SIS 900 year. There
has been no concealmeut about it. Re-
ports have Ieen regularly made to the
American congress by the secretary
of war, and there has never been a sag-
gestion of irnpropriety. Nobody ever
thought of putting an Interpretation
upon this expenditure which would
tend to throw discredit upon it, until
the Democratic partisans. pausing a
m moment in their attack upon the army
BoletiÌn mercantil de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 18??-1918, 1902-06-30

in the Philippines, seized hold upon it
for political purposes.
One of the first acts of the new
Cuban congress was to grant to Gomez
a pension of SIS 600 year. Gen. Wood
during his term of service rs governor
general, was in effect the entire Cuban
government. He had to exercise the
functions now assumed by the Cuban
president and congress In his treat
ment of Gomez he did no more than
the Cuban people themselves have
shown themselves ready to do.
BoletiÌn mercantil de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 18??-1918, 1902-06-30
No Secrets m ClDo.
STATEMENT OF WOODS EX-
PENDITURES IN PREPARA-
TON.

Grants To Gomez In Accordance
With Policy of Justice and Sta
tesmanship--Premature Partisan
Criticism Steps Taken With
Advice and Approval of Admi-
nistration.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1902-07-13

Continued on Page Twelve.)
The Montgomery advertiser., 1902-07-13

is under such restrictions that it would
he impossible for the officials to make way
with them. and the vaults and offices are
guarded by policemen and watchmen by
day and by a company of soldiers at
night.
Even the shrewdest of our American
criminals could hardly make their way
into this Bank of England. Nevertheless
some of the greatest frauds which have
been perpetrated upon 1t were by Amer
leans.
You may have heard of the forgerles of
George Bidwell. and his brother Austin,
who together with Mcdonnell and Hill
created such sensation here about TWEEN
ty years ago. These four men forged
notes upon the bank to the extent of half
a million dollars and got away with the
money, although they were afterWard ar
rested
Forgeries of Half a Million.
These men were crooks from New York
who came to London with a capital of
$4,000. George Bidwcll was the forgcT,
but the others helped him carry out the
scheme
The bank. you know. has it's branches
all over the city. and the one in the
West End has a big business in handling
the private accounts of wealthy people,
Austin Bdwell rented a house near this
bank and then introduced himself as
wealthy American and opened an account
with a deposit of $4,000 He drew out
and paid in money for some time. cult
waiting the officials of the bank and talk
ing to them Of his friendship with the
The Montgomery advertiser., 1902-07-13

the province on Massachusetts, bay. He
lived some time in Boston. and was at
one time merchant and ship owner
there. From Boston he sent out priva-
teers to prey upon the ships of countries
then at war with Great Britain, and also
had ships trading with the Bahamas. He
was married in Boston, and later on left
there and settled in London.
The First American Invader.
Mr. Paterson might be called the first
American invader for he was the first
to take capital, made in America, ann
use it In Great Britain. He had in his
character many of the elements of Pier,
pont Morgan, and he saw his chance &c
make money out of the British Govern
ment which was then financially crippled
by it's wars with France. The Govern
ment wanted money and Paterson saw
that it could give exclusive banking priv
ileges to an institution which would fur
nsh a permanent loan at reasonable
rate He organized a combination OF
some of the chief British merchants.
backed by a capital of S6000,0OO and OF
fered to loan this amount to the Govern
ment at the then low rate of per cent.
per annum, on the condition that the Gov
eminent would give the combination q
charter to deal in bills of exchange, bull
The Montgomery advertiser., 1902-07-13
VAST COST OR DRINK HABIT.
rr. Swift Figures How the Money
Could be Otherwise Expended.

1 - ~
Could be Otherwise Expended.
Dr.. Polemus II. Swift. pastor of the
Wesley Methodist Episcopal Church,
| speaking on 1.-The Cost of the Rum Trafi-
fic and the returns from 1t" saidi
"Thc rum traffc is an enormous BUSH
ness. The direct cost to the people of the
| United States Ia the amount of money
spent for liquors That is, for native dis
| tiled spirits $500. 10000. for domestic beer
$t75, 0Oe,O0e, for domestic wines $50, 900.
| for imported liquors OF all kinds $4,000
900, total, S.O55, 900 600 To this enormous
direct cost must be added the larger irl-
direct cost That has been estimated all
! the way from 81 900 900, 900 to SIS, 200. 900.
IF we take the most conservative dg-
ures and say that the total cost of the
| is all but unthinkable. II that were saved
1t would give $500 per year to each OF
| 5000 900 families 1t would give to each
| of 1000, 900 families four barrels OF hour,
| fifteen pairs of shoes ten complete suits
| of clothing, fifteen bushels of potatoes
/ and 500 pounds of meat. Before so large a
/ distribution the problem OF poverty would
disappear as the morning mist before the
| July sun. The cost of the rum trafido Is
| ten times as much as all the churches OF
| America have given for home ana foreign
missions from their organization to this
hour, twenty times as much as all salaries
paid for public school teachers in the
United States and ten times as much as
is expended for public education in all
forms
THE drink bill would pay for all rail-
roads in the United States in three and
one-half years. pay for all farms in the
State of Illinois in six months, wipe out
all our national, State, city. county and
town debts in one year, pay for all farm
animals owned in the United States in ten
months, and would duplicate all bank de-
posts in two years.
What are we getting for this enorm-
Gus expenditure? The saloon and the
drink habit furnish the hotbed of crime
in. our country. for Is per cent. of all
crime that curses our land can be traced
directly or indirectly to rum. 1t Is the
cause of not less than Is per cent. of the
poverty that makes life unhearable. Mr..
Powderly once said that nine-tenthS OF
all the misery of the working people was
due to slavery TO strong drink. The
drink habit is responsible for large
percentage of the disease from which our
people suffer Every physician is ia
miliar with a large class of alcoholic dis
eases We have alcoholic phthisie, en-
largement and feebleness of the heart, ep-
ilepsy. paralysis, dropsy, Insanity, de-
rangement Of liver and kidneys and a
complete breakdown to the nervous sys-
TEN. The drink habit results in loss OF
acute sense of feeling and control of the
body; judgment is clouded. nerves shat
tered and prompt action rendered lmpos-
sible.
IAN this results in a harvest OF awful
death. Such system cannot be legal
lied without sim"
The Montgomery advertiser., 1902-07-13

and the man told me that 1t was almost
absolutely pure I saw also great vaults
in which are gold sovereigns in bags
each holding several quarts. The bags
are piled up like so much grain, and the
means of protecting them does not seem
TO be as good as those of the Treasury
at Washington. | do not remember the
exact amount of bullion on hand, but II
ia probably less than we have in our
own Treasury Department, for the flood
of gold Is now coming our way.
A Private Bank.
have spoken of the Bank of England
as a private bank. II you have the right
kind of an introduction you can open an
account in it, but you have to keep
enough money on deposit to make 1t pay
the bank to do your business. The oHl-
Gals estimate that each account must
Weld u cents to the bank for every check
cashed throughout the year so II you
issue a thousand checks, the bank VIII
have to make at least $120 out OF you or
IL will refuse to keep your account.
There are now about 5000 private accounts
carried, and the private deposits average
over 800 900 600.
A large mart Of the business Of the bank
Is in handling the Government debt.
saw the clerk paving out dividends in the
dividend room. Here are Government Sc
curities Of all kinds and the stockhold-
ers come to cash their coupons. 1t Is
estimated that there are 275,OO0 persons
who own such stocks, and large num-
her of them come here IN person tor their
money. The interest paid out amounts TO
The Montgomery advertiser., 1902-07-13

lion and bonds and pay 1t 100000 a year
for handling the Government debt. This
offer was accepted, and the Bank of Eng
land was the result. Paterson was one of
the original directors and during his life
the bank became hrmlv established
The institution was prosperous one
Increased its connections with 1t, and to-
day it owes the bank about ten times as
much As when il was founded, atnouSn
the interest has fallen from per cent
to Ia per cent. per annum
Bank of England Notes.
During my trip through the bank
spent some time in the printing depart
ment watching them make the Bank Of
England notes. The scenes there are
much the same as in our Bureau of En-
craving at Washington save that the
paper Is different. Our bank note paper
mas a grayish tnge. with silk threads
of different colors running through il.
The English bank note paper is as white
as the whitest parchment. 1t has sort
Of transparent Wilderness. and it is eX
ceedinglv thin and remarkably strong. 1t
is made of pure linen rags by a secret
process in paper mills which do nothing
else. The paper is the same today as 1t
has been for a hundred years. and 1t is
almost impossible to initiate 1t.
The notes are almost square. There is
no lathe work upon them. They are
printed in let black ink, and the print
ing machines are such that they number
the notes from to 100 900. This number
ing is done automatically, so that the
The Montgomery advertiser., 1902-07-13
FRANK CARPENTER TELLS OF
THE FAMOUS BANK OF ENGLAND
Founded July ~, 1894 by William Pster|on, an
Amercan---H0w the Notes Are Made and
Their End--In the Bullion Vaults.

Copyright, 1902, by Frank G. Carpenter.)
London.
was taken over The Bank of England
today by its secretary and shown the
enormous funds on hand in bullion and
notes. ! had a letter from our Secretary
of the Treasury to the Governor and had
called with the hope that / might have
an interview with him on the American
invasion and other matters relating to the
financial condition of this richest empire
of Europe. The Governor however. for
obvious reasons, gives no interviews to
the newspapers. His opinions might Gre
ate rise or fall of stocks and. therefore
he has to be careful of his utterances
The Bank of England.
The Bank of England is perhaps the
chief financial institution of the world.
1t is a private corporation, but it has
since its organiza zion been the depository
of the Government funds. 1t has much
to do with financing the Government
debt and ii might be called the National
Bank of Great Britain. The bank is now
pos years old. 1t was founded on the 9th
of July. 1894 by an American. His name
was William Paterson and he was born
in Scotland, but he got the foundation of
his fortune on this side of the Atlantic.
He came from Bristol England, to the
new world to seek his fortune, settling In
The Montgomery advertiser., 1902-07-13

notes of each bundle of ten thousand are
in their natural order when they are
taken away. The smallest notes now
printed are those for pounds, and the
largest for 1000 pounds. The paper Is SO
thin that in the bank vaults where bum
dies of notes are kept l was able, to hold
a million pounds worth Of them in my
two hands This amount represented a
value of $50 900. and 1t did not weigh
more than a score of the Sunday edition
of this paper. 1t made me feel like a
millionaire. but the feeling was moment
arv. for the uoors were carefully guarded
aud the officials of the bank, who stood
about me were lusty fellows. who would
have certainly resisted any attempt at
departure with the valuable paper. The
notes, in fact, weigh only ISL grains
to the note, and yet they are so strong
that single sheet of the paper of which
they are made will support fifty pounds
weight without tearing.
How the Bank Destroys its Notes.
All notes are destroyed after they are
redeemed, but they are kept certain
time in order that any question concern
ing their ownership in the past may. be
traced. The Englshman takes the num-
hers of his hank notes. and In many case5
him indorse his name on the back. The
The Montgomery advertiser., 1902-07-13


oank keeps the numbers and after. the
notes come in they keep a record of the
jank sending them, and they can In
moment pick out any note that they
have received during the past Ave years
When our greenbacks and silver GER
tficates come into the Treasury they
are destroyed by cutting them in quar-
ers and then grinding them into pulp
in boiling hot water. They are redeemed
By the Issuing of fresh notes. The Bank
of England notes are usually redeemed
with gold, golden sovereigns being shov-
eled out in scoops just like the little
.hovels our grocers use for sugar. Inc
gold is not counted, but is weighed. the
lelers knowing just how many soyer-
eigns go to the ounce or pound. The
notes are Cancelled by tearing piece out
If a corner of each, and are then filed
away in the bank-note catacombs In
,oxes for a period of five years. At the
end of this time they are burned.
In the Bullion Vaults.
I went down into the bullion vaults.
Dhese look much like those of the mint
{ Philadelphia. In them are great piles
\ gold bricks and gold pigs, which are
sent in from the mines of all parts OF
The world. | saw gold from Australia
South Africa, India and the United states,
The Montgomery advertiser., 1902-07-13

that some of the richest of the English
nobility drove to the bank in coaches filled
with golden guineas, which they deposited
to help the bank meet Its demands
How the Bank i9 Governed.
/ / spent some time in the council room
where the directors meet and in the IL
brary chatting with the secretary about
the government of the bank. 1t has a
governor, a deputy governor and twenty
four directors. The governor receives
10000 a year and each of the directors is
paid s.. 500. The governor Is usually chos-
en- from one of the directors, and on the
average he Is about twenty years in the
directorate before he is elevated to the
office of Governor.
The capital of the bank is at present a
little less than SO, 100000. and its divi-
dends last year were about 10 per cent
The notes now in circulation amount to
more than $15O, 900, 000 and there are some
thing like $110,0OO.0O0 worth of notes on
hand The bank has $lS5. 900 worth of
gold and silver coin and bullion. ad al
together it is in such a condition that
those holding its stock and notes are
not lying awake at night for fear of ats
insolvency.
Guarded at Night by Soldiers.
Indeed, the management of the funds
The Montgomery advertiser., 1902-07-13

more than 50, 900. 100000 a year. and good
part Of it Is now going to Americans, as
they have bat lately been investing In
English Government securities.
Runs on the Bank.
And does the big Bank of England ever
have run upon 1t?
Yes, indeed! This has been the case In
times of panic, and there have been in
stances when the bank has had to sus-
pend specie payments. 1t did so during
the first year of its existence. The Gov
eminent had called in the silver to have
II recoined. and the bank was hard up
for currency It's stock went down from
10 to SO, and its directors issued call
of 20 per cent. of the shareholders. The
bank suspended specie payments from
1897 to 1919, and when it resumed 1t had
abc..t 800, 600, 600 worth of gold and silver
to Uegin with. There have been times
when 1t has paid out depositors In shil-
Iings and sixpences in order to gain time
to get money to meet its obligations, and
once at least II had line of its own men
who accepted such silver payments and
deposited them again as fast as they were
received, so that a continuous stream OF
the same flowed in and out of the bank.
while the depositors waited. At one time
a depositor demanded $15O,000 in gold coin,
and at another the strain was so great