davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1902-01-19

dropping down almost to the water s
edge and the new one following to oc-
cupy it's former place and rest on ma
sonry seats which were prepared mean
time. A few minutes later trains were
running across the new span, the old
one was removed at leisure, and the
overhead span was rolled along until
its towers rested above the next piers,
another span was replaced. and so on,
until the whole superstructure had
been replaced with about 1900, 900
pounds Of steel. It took "a men only so
days to rebuild the bridge.
The difficulty and expense of build
ing solid foundations for a bridge
where the water is very deep or swift
or the bottom unstable is very great
In soft soils the utmost effort is made
to prevent any danger of settlement or
of undermining by floods and swift
current, and where piles are not used
1t is generally necessary to carry the
masonry down to solid rock or to a safe
distance in earth and sand. This is al
ways very difficult on account of the
tremendous pressure of the earth and
water at great depth, and the danger
of working there even when it is pos
sible to exclude the water. In this
country cribs or caissOns are often
sunk by mechanical processes or by
men WI iIi6 III plleuildl4C pressure
and then are filed with concrete. In
India where the soft alluvial soil ex-
tends to a great depth and is saturated
with water and Will flow like mud
they make it support heavy founda-
tions partly by its sickness. For many
years they have built hollow cylindri-
cal brick piers from 20 to 100 feet deep
which hold heavy loads chiefly by the
friction on their sides. Originally
these hollow piers, a few feet in di-
ameter, were built up on wooden rings
laid on the ground in the bottom of
pits dug down to water level. A ma
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1902-01-19

sands Of pounds of rails, piled on in
overhanging crossed layers.
one of the most important. interest
ing and remarkable engineering feats
on this continent was the construction
of the Chicago drainage canal, a canal
twenty eight miles long, dug at an ex-
pense of over $4,000, 000 II taps the
Chicago river some distance above it's
mouth and causes it's foul waters.
mixed with a large quantity drawn
from the lake, to flow a short distance
up stream and then through the canal
into the Desplaines river. and thence TO
the Gulf of Mexico. The canal is cut
20 a depth OF twenty-five feet below
the water level, and for several miles
through the prairie IS nearly 300 feet
wide of top. and required the eX0ava-
tion OF over 2S0 600. 900 cubic yards OF
earth which had 10 be dug up, lifted
out and piled In great hills often hum
dreds Of feet away from the edge or
the canal bank. AS the average price
paid for excavating, lifting and remov-
ing the earth was about I cent a cubic
foot, only a fraction OF what IL usually
paid for ordinary quantities Of eXca-
walton. the contractors were obliged
20 invent cheap methods. and the great
principle of success was found 90 be- boz
handling tho earth in large quantities
and Keeping u continuously moving,
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1902-01-19

Most of it was dug by steam shovels
working in the bottom of the trench.
which could scoop up a wagon load at
once, and do il on an average of once
a minue or oftener all day long. In
one place the steam shovel worked back
and forth across the canal cutting a
section ten feet wide and fourteen feet
deep at each trip. Each bucketful of
a ton or more of hard, sticky clay was
dumped by the shovel into the hopper
of a grinding machine, which delivered
It on top of an endless, wide rubber
belt, extended across the bottom Of
the canal. A second belt reached up
to the top of the slope and in turn
overlapped the end of third, which
was carried along the floor of a 200-foot
bridge elevated thirty feet above the
ground on rolling towers at each end.
Each of the three belts was supported
on rollers followed a little in the cen
ter. like dice boxes which made it suf-
ficiently concave to retain the clay, like
a trough. They were driven at a speed
of about seven feet per second, and
ceaselessly carried the clay away from
the shovel, up the canal slope, on top
of the bridge and over it to a variable
point, where a diagonal scraper was set
across it, and pushed the load off, to
ran through the Drldge moor ana pie
up on the ground underneath. When
the steam shovel completed a cut
across the canal, which perhaps re-
quired two days, it's tracks, the belts
and the bridge were all moved ten feet
ahead, and the process was kept up
continuously. Many Of the chunks of
clay was as large as a mans head, and
it was amusing to watch them ride
quietly along until they commenced
the ascent of the steep bank, and then
begin to roll and tumble and start
down with an evident determination not
to go up that slope under any circum-
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1902-01-19

the new steel ones during erection. al
though the masonry piers had ample
strength. Wooden towers were built on
the top edges of the old bridge, outside
the track. above two adjacent piers.
Above these towers nearly % feet over
the track. a complete new temporary
span Of wood and iron as long as the
longest span of the old bridge was
built A new, permanent span was as
sembled together suspended from the
under side of it, clear of the trains
which passed uninterruptedly through
it and under the temporary span.
When II was finished and track laid
on top Of It, the under side was dashed
TO the upper side of the old span, and
Il was additionally suspended from the
overhead temporary span by four YER
tical 3h-inch steel screw rods, about
80 feet long, one at each corner, which
had nuts bearing on top OF the tenn
porary span. A suitable interval be-
tween trains was selected, the ends or
the old span chopped away, the lash
ings between the new and temporary
spans removed. and then the nuts on
the gre1t screws were Stacked OF by
gears operated by steam engine at
each end. aud both spans were lowered
smoothly and safely together, about ~
feet In less than an hour; the ola one
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1902-01-19
ENGINEERING FEATS.
AN AGE OF STEAM, STEEL, COM
PRESSED AIR AND ELECTRICITY.

Railway Bridge Replaced by An
other without Delaying Traffic.
An Artificial River Twcnty-eiEht
Miles Long which Cost Thirty
Millions to Dig-The Process OF
Freezing Quicksand-A River TIM
mel BuiIt on Land, FIOated Thirty
Miles and sunk to Its Position on
Piers.
Copyright. 1902, by F. W. Skinner)
About the newest of all great engi-
leering structures is, to most people,
the commonest, the modern railroad
bridge, and it is hard to realize that
nothing at all like it, even for high
way purposes, existed fifty years ago.
Now almost every one of those which
were earliest built has been found in
adequate by the enormous increase of
traffic and the weight of locomotives.
and has been replaced by steel. Each
span is made according to drawings,
with hundreds of beams, girders, bars,
rods and columns, riveted and forged
and bored in distant shops, but never
fitted together until they arrive by
dozens of carloads at the site, and are
quickly assembled to make slender,
self supporting framework with the
rigid pieces which weigh thousands of
pounds fitted accurately and swiftly in
place like the mechanism Of a watch.
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1902-01-19

and poison, see that they are properly
used, deodorize the traps, and collect
all rats.
The district as a whole to be under
the supervision of two superintendent
The method of exterminating rats to
be confined to traps; poison and sui
phur fumigations, the rat-bounty
method not to be used.
All rubbish to be cleaned up and
burned.
All inter-island vessels to be fumi-
gated.
All wharves and warehouses to be
made alright for sulphur fumigation;
this to include underneath the wharves.
The. rats are to be kept separated
| according to the district from which
they come, and are to be examined bac-
terlologically for the purpose of deter
mining whether or not a certain dis
trict is probably infected and is in need
Of special attention.
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1902-01-19
TUnnEl SEXTON READY TO lAVncn-

tive diver went inside and dug up the
bottom with an adze-like tool labori-
ously undermining the walls, so that
they gradually settled a few inches a
week as the tops were built on high
above the surface of the ground. At
forwards the excavation was done by
dippers attached to long poles and
sometimes by buckets with valves in
the bottom. Recently large pier foun-
dations for railroad bridges have been
made with two or three brick cyln-
ders II or Is feet in diameter, which
were shod with circular iron Orders
having sharp, cutting edges, and a
horizontal shelf to receive the brick
work. Steam dredging machines were
set on top of the piers and undermine
ing the shoes, allowed the piers to set
tie 40 or 80 feet below the river bed
The friction on the sides of the pier be-
came at last so great that the weight
of the brickwork built high above the
surface of the ground would not sink
ii, and the last of the descent was ac-
complished by loading the top of the
finished pier with hundreds of thou
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1902-01-19

each containing some important trophy.
Next came the Royal Mounted Body
guard, ordering the crowds to kneel,
and instantly they Topped on to their
knees.
soon the outriders. pullers, bearers
of the first yellow dragoned chair were
in view. The Emperor was pulled by
twenty and borne by sixteen men,
dressed in decorated silk gowns. His
chair, like the other three of imperial
color was richly draped with embroi-
dered satin and decorated with jade
and jewels. His Majesty sat bolt up
right, with features that were as fixed
as a statue. He looked only straight
ahead, as if unaware of the lines of
his kneeling subjects, or, more likely,
afraid he might not manifest that self
possession the essential mark of dig
nifty and rank. He was looking well,
and assert much better than on his ar
rival last year.
His chair was followed by that of
the old Buddha'-as the Dowager is
Familiarity called. She was dressed Cor
rather 'drownedO in dragoned yellow
satin. Her face is long and wan, with
high cheek bones, big mouth, and thick
lips. Her eyes cleaned like fire. She
was so awake and alert as the EN-
peror seemed inert and Indifferent.
NOlilllS eSCdpeu the SnaG p06SS Oh nef
vision. The beggars received tablets of
silver, and the curious glances of
scorn. Every one remarked how care
worn she looked. and that she was
quite ten years older since last year.
Her personal baggage occurred the
few litters and relays of bearers.
In striking contrast with the weird
countenance of the Dowager was the
young face of the Empress. Her chair
halted for little. and as it was open
there was time for good view She
seemed rather embarrassed by the
crowds and stole nervous, furtive
glances on either side. She looks an
innocent ordinary officials daughter.
but the paint, powder, and gee-gaw
spoil pretty face. She was followed
by the chief concubines-women of
muscle and ardent will, but destitute
of brains and character. After their
baggage came the Heir Apparent. but
he was invisible. Then the Royal
Princes of the Blood, and finally the
Minister of the Grand Council-Yung
Lu. These men had the bearing of re-
hnement so conspicuous by its absence
in the others. Then next passed a train
of carts with the innumerable attend
ants that are at once the glory and the
disgrace of an ASiatic Court"
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1902-01-19

This is hard enough to do across a
storm swept bay, over an almost bot
tomless river, where there is a fierce
current or high tides, or where, like
the Niagara gorge, the hight is so
great that no support can be built up
from the bottom. and the span has 20
support itself during construction; but
all these difficulties are small to the
bridge builder, compared to the re-
dquirement, often met, that an old
bridge of perhaps many spans must
be replaced by a new one, in exactly
the same place, of the same dimen-
sions and supported on the very same
piers, without interupting appreciably
the almost constant traffic which de-
mands passage nearly every hour in
the twenty-four for long freight trains
or rushing expresses.
Such was the case with the Florence
bridge across the Tennessee river in
Alabama. There were twelve spans of
about 100 feet each, which carried
single track railroad on top and
highway between the trusses. The old
wooden spans could not even support
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1902-01-19

earth and hunted with stripes of red
silk suspended from the roofs across
the strectway. Red lanterns were hung
up at every door, and tables draped in
red, with fruits, sweets, biscuits and
incense, were placed along the pave
ments. The effect was striking, and.
like all Asiatic displays, Snowy rather
than pleasing.
AT dawn to-day (the 6th) trumpeters
sounded the call to get ready. Imme-
diately the gates of the city were
opened, and carts, carriers and couriers
began to move. BY 1880 the streets
were crowded with spectators. Good
order was maintained, and a clear
roadway left and kept open by the cav
airy that lined the streets on either
side. The different uniforms-yellow.
red, blue-the variegated banners that
huttered In the breeze, the gllttering
swords and tridents. had a fine scenic
effect as the bright sun began TO shine
on the scene. by 7.45 the advance cav
airy passed Then came the eunuchs
in carts followed by yellow jacketed
officers with flowing plumes and
prancing ponies. Then the Royal Sc
dams, used last year, we're carried past.
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1902-01-19
THE STARTING FOR pEK1N.
The Chinese Courts Departure from
Si-ngan--A Brilliant Procession.
From the London Standard.

From the London Standard.
Shanghai. Nov. 4.-The North China
Daily News will publish, in an early
issue, an account by an eyewitness of
the departure of the Chinese Court
from Si-ngan-fu on Oct. 6. 1 am ena-
bled to send you the following extracts
from his description:
For quite two months the one alb
sorbing topic of talk has been the de-
parture of the court. The preparations
have been so elaborate that it would
have been impossible to complete them
by the date first fixed for the return to
Pekin. The Dowager had always had
the reputation for boarding wealth. The
tour to the Western Capital has sup
piled an excellent opportunity for the
accumulation of enormous resources.
On the route from T'aiyuan every
place was compelled to contribute to
the imperial purse. All articles of
Value-vertu, bedding, curtains, drap-
ings-were bagged for her use The
same absorption, repeated in Honan,
will insure considerable appropria-
tons for Her Majstys house. Some
5000 carts have been Communicated
for this royal transport. The cost of
a single night is roughly one thousand
pounds.
Since the middle of September, daily
attachments of baggage carts and Off
cial retinues have left for the East
destination unknown. On Oct. the
members of the cabinet with staff and
field telegraph, proceeded ahead as the
vanguard of the troupe. The streets
through which the royal cortege had 10
pass were then fioored with yellow
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1902-01-19
CRUSADE AGAINST RATS.
Port Regulations at New Orleans
and Honolulu to Keep the Ami
mails From Landing.

Port Regulations at New Orleans
and Honolulu to Keep the AMI
mails From Landing.
From the New York Mail and Express.
A crusade against rats, the best and
surest known conveyors of the plague.
has been started by the municipal au-
thorities in several seaport towns and
cities. In far-away Honolulu the city
is diveded into districts, each in charge
of an inspector, whose business IL is
to see that the law relating to rats is
enforced strictly. In most instances
the thorough inspection and disinfec-
ton OF incoming ships is the leading
feature of the war on the rodents.
In New Orleans the official regula-
lions on the subject of rats read as fol-
lows:
At the city wharf the hawse holes
shall all be packed tight.
Disks and tunnels shall be kept on
all hawsers and ropes mooring the yes
sci.
The tunnels shall be Of tin or zinc.
or galvanized iron, with a diameter
of not less than twenty inches.
They shall have sharp serrated
edges.
AhEg SAeAl bC AAlhBCd anu 81
as to be readily applied to hawsers
and held in desired positions.
One disk shall be placed near the
vessel.
A second disk shall be placed near
the wharf.
After sunset and until sunrise the
vessel shall swing out at anchor to
about 100 feet from the wharf.
All stages, hawsters and ropes shall
be removed.
When not unloading or loading the
vessel shall also swing out at anchor
100 feet from the wharf.
Every night during the unloading OF
the vessel pots OF burning sulphur
shall be placed in the holds and the
matches kept closed until a. IN.
Traps shall be laid along the deck
at night and I'm the boats on deck and
IN the saloons and forecastle.
Dead rats shall not be handled with
bare hands.
Dead rats shall be cremated
la Honolulu the law is as follows.
The town to be divided ilto districts
and each district covered by an In
spector, Who shall distribute rat traps
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1902-01-19

stances. They would hurry and scram-
BILE as fast as possible, but it was not
steep enough for them to fall quite as
fast as the belt travelled, and it would
keep picking them up again and again,
each time lifting them a little higher
before they would succeed in starting
down, until at last they were landed
on the level belt on top.
Blasting a tunnel through the solid
rock is usually considered an easy and
comparatively safe task; excavating
it in solid clay with a good depth of
the same material overhead is some
times still easier. Even quicksand may
be pierced at the expense of sufficient
time and money, but when it is neces-
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1902-01-19

AT the eastern end of the Brooklyn
bridge there is a Dane who is making
a vegetarian restaurant pay. He tuI-
nishes fair midday dinner for 20 Genus
and many people patronize him at tne
noon hour who have meat at their
morning and evening meals. He IS an
original gastronomic- genius and doe
not confine his menus to boiled cabDaBe
and stewed prunes. He invents dishes
and advertises them. He furnishes a
thing that he calls vegetarian peer
steak" composed of nuts and cereals;
and men who have eaten of IT, anu
have fervent imaginations, aver that II
really has a meaty taste. He also mas
vegetarian roast turkey" vegetarian
chicken soup" and things OF that sol
-Restauranter Rasmussen, the pro.
prietor, may know what they are inaU mao,
of, but no one else does. But ne WIZ
swear in a big Danish oath, that tnels
Is no flesh about them. except In the
name.
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1902-01-19

II was afflicted with erysipelas in a
severe form on my right leg several
months Couldn't obtain anything to
give me relief until a friend got Gray
beard Compound for me. This relieved
and cured me within "A short time, and
otherwise improved my health
"James Rogers, SPARTA. Ca"
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1902-01-19

Graybeard Compound IL made only
by Respess Drug Company. Sold by
an druggists boz cities and towns and
IN the country by merchants, for 81 a
bottle. ak Tor l5.-aa
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1902-01-19

"Graybeard Compound cured me o.
the worst attack of dyspepsia l ever
suffered OF. / couldn't eat; couldn't o.
eest; was weak, nervous. broken down
and run down, and Graybeard was W.
only thing could find as a permanent
cure. Mrs. j. NJ. Brown
MONTGOMERY Ala
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1902-01-19

Graybeard Compound r. made olg
by Rospess Drug Company hold ~
AL druggists in cities and towns -
bottle; six Tor sad
The Clarksburg telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1874-1926, 1902-10-04
Talks wabash Prospects.

Joe Fucci, the well known railroad
contractor, was ia the city yesterday,
and talked with Times man about
railroad building and development
generally. Fucci is building several
short lines OF branches in the state.
He has completed a short branch near
Tuunelton from the West Virginia
Northern main line toa coal mine re.
Gently opened. BE also has contracts
at Clarksburg and one IN Greenbrier
county. Mr.. Fucci talked about rail-
road building generally in this state.
He says great deal Of railroad build
ing is now under way, and contem-
plated. He also believes that the Wa
bash will touch MannmGton and Fair
mont. Nj Fucci says Of course he
does not speak authoritatively, but
that he has good reasons for making
the statemeut.-Saturday's Fairmont
Times.
The Clarksburg telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1874-1926, 1902-10-04
WEBSTER SPRINGS EQUIPPED.
Has a Modern Plant for BOttIing and
Shipping to all Points

Charles d. Johnston, the general
agent for, the famous Webster SAIL
Sulphur Springs, at Webster Springs,
w. va informs us that the proprietor
has 1ust completed a modern plant,
thoroughly equipped, for bottling ana
shipping, TO all points, the natural
salt sulphur water of these springs
and is now ready to supply alldemands
for the same.
The water Is pumped directly from
the old spring TO the bottles ana by
the process employed there is preServ,
: ed the natural gases, without artificial
Carbouization. The shipments are IN
cases of "a and 80 bottles respectfully.
James w. WOddell is the manager
at the Springs and Mr.. Johnson has
his HEADQUARTERS here. The water
from these Springs is very popular
wherever it is known and has high
standing for its medicinal properties
For information concerning these
famous Springs address Charles d.
Johnston, general agent, Clarkshurg,
VIVA. 34-tf
Recommended by all leading physi-
clans and for sale by Wells * Hay
kmaor and F. G. Bland.
The Clarksburg telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1874-1926, 1902-10-04
Smut Has Snakes

"Smut, young colored porter ut
Mcdonnell saloon in the East End,
was arrested Saturday afternoon by
policeman James Simms and lodged IN
the city prison. Smut several days
ago, after drinking heavily, got on
the water wagon, aud proverblal
snakes Cawled up into vehicle and
tormentcd Smut" to such an extent
that he got into that condition called
running in bar.room parliance.
This morning he conceived the idca
that persons intended to kill him and
lac took wild run to Kelley's hill
where he gathered up two large stones
with which to defend himself from all
onslaughts. His condition became 50
serious that it was deemed best to try
the remedy Of durance vile.
The Clarksburg telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1874-1926, 1902-10-04
Natural Anxiety.

MotheS regard approaching winter
with uueasiness, children take cold so
easily. No disease costs more lives
than Group. It's attack is SO sudden
that the sufferer is often beyond hui
man aid and before the doctor arrives,
Such cases yield readIlyto One Minute
Cough Cure. LiquitieS the mucus, al,
lays Inflammation, removes danger
Absolutely safe. Acts Immediately
Cures coughs, colds, grip bronchitis
all throat and lung trouble. i. $
Mcmahon, Hampton Ga. "A bad
cold rendered me voiceless just before
an oratorical contest. intended L
withdraw but took One Minute Cougl
Cure. restored my voice IN time Z
win the medal. +. G. Bland. 4slm
The Clarksburg telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1874-1926, 1902-10-04
Bied from Typhoid Fever.

The death of Charles A. Reeder, re-
siding on Bingamon, occurred at ?
O'Clock Sunday morning and was
caused by typhoid fever. Interment
was made at noon Monday in the |. O..
o. +. cemetery atShinnston The de-
ceased was an influential republican
in his neighborhood and served as
magistrate in Clay district. He was
one Of the county'S leading farmers.
A family surviyeshim. He was about
So years OF age.