davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1902-03-12
BRITONS UNDISMAYED.
Continued from first page

dition that blows serve TO strengthen and stiffen
British resolution. Lord Rosebery struck the
popular note to-day in a speech before the Glas-
gov students. He admitted that 1t was heart
breaking, ofter all the expenditure Of life, time
Eand money. but, he added:
II viii not dishearten US. We have got to sec
this thing through. We must take the blows
which fortune deals US with equanimlty, snow
Eng ourselves worthy Of better fortune.
Lord ROsebery expressed the hope that more
prosperous times were in store. and that in the
future 1T would be our proud memory that
when our country passed through the storm
We did not for moment finch, and We're not
Ter N instant dismayed."
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1902-03-12
LEGISLATION FOR MERGER
COMBINED S16COooO0 CAPITAL OF
THREE ORGANIZATIONS.

Providence. r I. March 1.-THE merger OF the
Narragansett Electric Lighting Company. the
United Traction Company and the Providence Gas
Company IS provided for by an act presented in
the Assembly to-day. the new corporation taking
the name Of the Rhode Island Company. The paid
in capital is 100000. and the corporators are 4
Martin Brown J. Edward StudIey and s o. Ed
wards of Providence.
The three companies represent q combined capital
Of more than $4,000 Go II is said that the Widener
FIkins syndicate OF Philadelphia IS interested In
the consolidation. and that wider combination OK
Southern New England companies may De ex-
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1902-03-12
p. r. r. TO PUSH TUNNEL.
ALL OBSTACLES NOW REMOVED. VICE.
PRESIDENT REPORTS AT AN
NUAI. MEETING.

Philadelphia March 1.-THE annual meeting OF
the stockholders Of the Pennsylvania Railroad was
held to-day. The approval Of the annual report
and the adoption Of Il resolution increasing the
appropriation for the pension fund from $4,000
$4,000 comprised the principal business for the
session. 4 resolution adopted authorizing the
appointment OF q committee OF seven shareholders
TO select board OF directors be voted for the
annual election on March 25.
First Vice-President John p Green addressed the
meeting concerning the plans OF the company. He
said the expenditure OF SIS O0C)0 for equipment was
necessary, as the increasing business of the cor
poration required additional rolling stock. Ar
raugemeuts had been made. he said. 10 use this
money TO the best advantage Speaking OF the
New-York terminal. Captain Green said the com
pany should not stay on the wrong side of New
York City when II could enter the heart of the
metropolis. All obstacles having been overcome.
the company Will proceed with the work of tun-
nellng under the North River.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1902-03-12
NOW KITCHENER'S MOVE.
afErHUEN. IF RELEASED. TO HAVE NO FUR
TIER COMMAND N AFRICA.

London. March 12-"The Daily Chronicle"
understands that Lord Kitchener viii be re-
lieved OF much administrative work in South
Africa 70 enable him 10 take the field in person.
and head large mounted force in an endeavor
10 capture De Wet. 'The Chronicle" IS also in
formed that when he is released General Meth
1Ien VIII not assume any further military COM
-1and 81 South Africa.
A casualty list shows that four officers were
killed ana ten wounded, including General
r5othuen. dangerously He IS doing well.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1902-03-12
CHINA FILES A PROTEST.
MEMORIAL AGAINST EXCLUSION SENT TO
MR. CONGER.

Picking. March 1.-THE Chinese Government
has presented to the United States Minister MI
Conger a strong memorial against the re-enact-
nent Of the Chinese Exclusion law. by the
United States. The government here particu-
arly objects TO the exclusion OF Chinese from
the Philippine and Hawaiian islands. represent
ing that the Chinese had acquired extensive
commercial interests there. and were closely
connected with the islands by family ties, so
that repression of free intercourse would re-
suit in peculiar hardships.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1902-03-12
PRIZE DOG H4uB4SSADEUR DEAD.

FINE BULLDOG sUCCUNIBs TO HEART DIS
EASE JUST BEFORE CHICAGO DOG SHOW.
Chicago. March Ill Ambassador. one OF the
finest bulldogs known to the history OF canine
aristocracy was found dead tonight in the box in
which he had arrived from the East TO compete
for the hOuors OF the annual dog show which Will
open here tomorrow
The dog had many prizes. He was eight
years old the property OF c. Hopton, OF Newark.
y ]. As the dog had been exercised few minutes
before he was discovered dead. experts decided
that ne must have died from heart disease.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1902-03-12
GOVERNOR HOGG,s WATCH,
THIEF LIVED AT THE WALDORF-CON-
FzsSES WHILE THE TEXAN
IS IN EUROPE.

Jose Diaz Alvarez, twenty-three years old.
Mexican, pleaded guilty before Judge Foster in
Part III Of General Sessions yesterday of steal
ing the $500 gold watch Of Ex-Governor Hogg, of
Texas, on October y, IN the Waldorf Astoria
Judge Foster asked Alvarez where he lived and
the prisoner answered that he lived at the Wal
dorf The judge expressed his surprise. and the
defendants counsel said:
Your honor. the defendant came from Mexico
with some money and stayed 1T the Waldorf. He
was IN the elevator one day with Ex-Governor
Hogg and took his watch The Governor is In En-
rope and the defendant thinks IL best not TO wait
until his return, but now pleads guilty
Judge Foster sent Alvarez to the Elnira Re-
formatory
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1902-03-12
MEYER MAY SUCCEED MOODY.
CABLES FROM ITALY THAT HE WILL BE A
CANDIDATE FOR CONGRESS.

Gloucester, Mass, March IA cable mes
sage was received from George Won L. Meyer.
ambassador to Italy. to-day, saying that he
would lie candidate for Congress to fill the
vacancy in the With District, caused by the
appointment OF Congressman William II. Moody
10 the Cabinet portfolio Mr.. Meyer cabled
that he would be in this city within few
weeks, and would personally conduct his cam
paign.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1902-03-12
FULL ELECTRIC SERVICE NOW.
ONLY IN THE RUSH HOURS WILL. THERB BE
STEAM ON THE sECoND-AvR
ELEVATED LINE.

All trains on the second-ave elevated railroad
were run by electricity yesterday on a four minute
Roadway. Hereafter all trains this line will be
operated by electricity with the exception that in
the rush hours additional steam trains will run.
According the regular schedule. about sixteen
trains will be operated by electricity, and 70 supply
them with power the dynamOs in the power house
will be going steadily tWenty-four hours a day.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1902-03-12
SAID He WAS CORNELIUS VANDERBILT
INTOXICATED YOUNG MAN TRIED TO KICK DOWN
STAIRWAY IN BROADWAY.

a we'll dressed young man who had been drinking
kicked the bottom steps of the stairs in the nan
way Of the building att the southwest corner OF
Broadway and Thirtieth-st. last night ana yeleo.
Policeman Feldman told him TO go away.
what right have you got 10 tell me TO leave
I'm Cornelius Vanderbilt. and I own this place.
said the young AT the station the young man
said he was a civil engineer. employed by the New
YORK Central Railroad Company. He gave MS age
as twenty-eight years. said he was single ana hat
he lived No. 54S Madison-ave- lie was IoChvu up
on a charge OF intoXiCaton.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1902-03-12
RAIN SAVES WHEAT CROP.

Oklahoma City O. T, March 1.-Two inches OF
rain fell in this section last night and to-day. This
the good In the territory in six months.
il IS believed II has saved good percentage
the wheat crop.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1902-03-12
DANISH HOUSE FAVoRs TREATY
LARGE MAJORITY IN FAVOR OF SALE OF
ISLANDS

Copenhagen. March 1.-THE Fokething. in
committee of the whole and in executive ses-
sion to-day voted r,g a large majority in favor
Of the ratification of the treaty providing for the
sale Of the Danish West Indian Islands to the
United States.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1902-03-12
TRREE LEGAL HANGINGs LN MLssLeGLppL

Brook Haven. Miss. March u.-John ]. sasser
was hanged here to-day for the murder of Tom
Laird
ElIsvllle Miss. March 11.-Jake Gilmore colored
hanged to-day for numbering his wife
Tunica, Miss, March u.-For murder committed
executed here to-day.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1902-03-12
THE CELTIC AT ALEXANDRIA.

Alexandria March 1.-THE White Star Line
Steamer Celtic. having on board party OF Aneri-
can tourists arrived here to-day from Caifa PaIes-
tine The heavy running delayed the disem-
barhation Of the passengers.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1902-03-12
NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS. PLANS.
coacrAHTs CAPITAL TO BE INCREASED BY
100000.

Berlin, March 1.-THE directors Of the Ham
lburg-Arnerican Steam Packet Company have
decided 10 increase the company capital by
20000000 marks 10 pay for the steamers now
under construction. OF these steamers ten
aggregate 7773O tons. When these vessels are
completed the ocean fleet Of the Hamburg
American Steam Packet Company will com
prise 127 steamers, with q tonnage OF 630091.
The directors deny that they intend listing the
stock Of the company New-York
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1902-03-12
CONTROLLER CIRCUITS BILL PASSED

IBY TELEGRAPH TO THE TRIBUNEl
Albany. March 1.-THE Assembly passed to
day Controller CIRCUITS bill providing that the
date for levying taxes shall be changed from
the first Monday in October to the first Monday
in February
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1902-03-12
CONCERT FOR GEoRGE REprBLIC.

A concert for the benefit OF the George Junior
Republic. the boys institution in Freeville, Y Y
given at the Waldorr-Astoria last night Those
who took part In the programme were Ellison Van
Hoose, Charles Gregarowitch and Mrs. WeIman.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1902-03-12
MESSAGE FROM MAJOR WALLER

Norfolk, Va. March n.-Mrs Littleton w T
Waller OF this city has received a cable message
from her husband, Major Waller Of the United
States Marine Corps, Manila who is to be court
martalled the charge OF executing natives with
out trial. The message reads:
Misleading reports. Am all right
WALLER
Mrs. Waller said that she could not tell whet her
her husband referred 10 his illness contracted dur
ing the trip across Samar TO the pending court
martial.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1902-03-12
SPANS PARLIAMENT PRoRoGUED.

DECREE sUsPENDrva sTrTTNGs READ TO DEPU-
TTESCRIsIs AvERTED.
Madrid. March 1.-THE Minister of Foreign
Affairs, the Duke OF Almodovar. in the Chamber
Of Deputies to-day read a decree suspending the
sttings of both houses Of the Cortes
The suspension Of the sittings decided
upon at a Cabinet council this afternoon, with
the object Of reaching agreement on the
amendments to the Bank bin during the recess.
A ministerial crisis is. therefore at least tenn
pOrarilY aYerted.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1902-03-12

1t announced some time ago that the Penn
sylvania Railroad had served notice the per-
occupying the property recently acquired in
this city for terminal purposes that they must
Vacate by May l next. 1t is believed that work
on the tunnel and terminal Will be begun soon
after that date.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1902-03-12
BRUNsWIcK-B4LKE FACTORY AF1RE

BILLIARD TABLE PLANT IN DANGER OF DE-
sTRUCTION
Chicago March 1.-THE brunswick Bake billiard
table factory, which occupies the six story build
ing at Wells and Superior SITS, caught fire tonight
and at a late hour seemed destined 70 complete
destruction. The flames gained suoh rapid head
way that two special calls for engines were made.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1902-03-12

Mr.. MORGAN AND PARTY IN GEORGJ4
Brunswick, Ga, March Ill. Pierpont Morgan
and party arrived this afternoon from New-Yors
ana left here Immediately for Jekyl Island, where
they will remain for several days.
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1902-03-16
THE LATE KING OF THE YAPs.
The Head of the PhiIistines' Tribute
to His Memory.

The Head of the PhiIistines' Tribute
to His Memory.
Ebert Hubbard, the head of the
Roycrofters. and pastor of the Philis-
tines, has in the current number of the
Philistine, of which he is the editor, a
characteristic article on the late Dem
mis- OKeefe, better known in Savannah
as King O'<eefe of zap. II knew this
man." says Hubbard land loved him,
and 1 now desire to say a modest word
of esteem in vindication of his memory.
/ iirst met O'Keefe at Ballynagel,
County Down, in 1879, where he was
Joint tenant with Patrick Collins,
now Mayor of Boston, Mass, on the
estate of Lord Kilcubby. Later Mr..
Collins was associated with O'Keefe at
Yap but only one king being required,
Mr. Collins left the island, one night.
somewhat suddenly, for reasons best
known to himself, but it is strongly
surmised that he did not care to con-
tribute to an Irish stew.
Il understand now, however, that
Mr.. Collins is 10 return to zap, as
soon as his mayoralty has expired, to
take up the multifarious duties of his
iamented colleague In these days of
sordid ambition, such loyalty in friend
ship is all too rare.
"A wise man has said that to be ia
nous is to be slandered by people who
do not know you. Surely this aphorism
applies in this case, for recently the
public prints have contained vile in
situations about my friend, the late
Mr.. O'Keefe. Allegations to the effect
that he was a cannibal have been free
ly banded, and hints about very mix
ed marital relations. not to mention
suggestive comments concerning his
apparel Cor lack of it-have supplied
the "yellows'' much copy.
The simple truth is. Dennis O'Keefe
was a model citizen in every way, al
ways doing the duty that lay nearest
him. If he was a cannibal he should be
judged leniently, because he was
somewhat biased by the essay written
BY the late Dean Swift of Dublin,
wherein cannibalism is recommended
both from humane and economic rea-
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1902-03-16
PeninSular and Occidental Steamship Co.

Tn tates Fast Routes for
Key West. and the West N lamp
indi
l. S.
Jan. g. IS. s. Oivette S
Iv Port Tampa *Weds,
................... ami pm
Ar 'Fris, lar Key 'weds. "sats,
Mons.
Lv Key West WEEDS, STATS,
Suns ~ 90
Ar Havana PortT sThurs,
cam fTues. S:30pnn
nm
AR
II.
Lv Miami April L. April 49, April Lv April
Ar Nassau Miami April is April TO-
Commencing 16 19Os s. of vest
Miami pm Iv Key West Tues
Sats
pm AR Miami Weds
5 local. or Nassa time. 1922 mat SHOWN
'aeNsonFAHe' > FL
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1902-03-16

sons Thirty years ago when he was
shipwrecked on the Isle of zap, the ma
tiVes were unclOthed saVages. By the
power of his personal presence, O'Keefe
impressed the Yaps with the truth that
to kill a man is to lose him. Very
soon the natives recognized the worth
of O'Keefe, and made him King, a.
position he accepted as a public trust.
AS to the statement that he told the
natives that he was one sent from God
to reign over them, / will say moth
ing. That he ruled them wisely and
well is proof enough of his divine right
to rule Then the taunt that he be-
came Immensely rich is also unworthy
of notice-industry and economy will
make any man rich.
II have every reason to know that
O'Keefe was true to the love of his
youth-the wife who lived at Savan-
nah. He never sent for her to join
him in his arduous work because he
realized that society in zap was not
the kind that this highbred, delicate
and sensitive lady had known. He
hesitated to deprive her of the COM
forts and pleasures of Savannah, when
all he could offer her in return was
the crude pioneer life of zap. Alone
there in the South Seas he faced his
duty, living one day at time, doing
his work as best he could.
when the tide carried Dennis
O'Keefe, astrfde of a cocoanut oil cask,
upon the coral reefs of zap, the ma
tives were savages, sunk in supersti-
tion-devoid of every attribute that
makes for civilization. What are they
now? l need not answer, for / realize
that ! am addressing an intelligent
constituency. Suffice it to say that the
rise of the Yaps has been the wonder
of the 90 nd fnr This nd axy
ton, let us thank one man-D.
O'Keefe d"
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1902-03-16

on Merchant Marine and Fisheries.
Nobody had agreed on any measure
for the relief of Cuba. The reciprocity
problem was assuming a threatening
aspect. Arizona, New Mexico and Ok
lahoma were knocking loudly for ad-
mission into the Union. The oleomar-
garine bill was still craving a senator
ial solution, and the irrigation project
was confronting the House.
A half dozen election cases were
still Unmatched in committee. An om-
nibus bill, including French spoliation
and hundreds of similar claims had
been sent to the House from the Sen
ate. Over 1900 bills were slumbering
in the legislative hoppers of the
House alone, all in a state of fermen-
tation. Everything indicated a long
drawn out session in a year of Con-
gressional elections, where every dis
trict has been changed, and every man
is looking for a denomination.
Amos j. Cummings.
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1902-03-16

On Seaboard Air Line Railway train,
the Florida and Metropolitan Limited,
leaving Savannah at 1855 p. M, is I'M
excelled and all meals are served en-
route by Pullman diners. See that
you ticket reads via Seaboard Air
Line Railway. Ticket Office corner Bull
and Bryan streets. Phone 2S.-ad.
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1902-03-16
Double Only service.

The Seaboard Air Line Railway is
the only line offering double daily
service from Savannah to Camden, S.
c., Southern Pines and Pinehurst, N.
c. Leave Savannah 1:55 p. m. and
1915 a. m. Get your sleeping car res
ervation at ticket office, corner Bull
and Bryan streets. Phone %.
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1902-03-16

The Seaboard Air Line Railway is
only line operating parlor cars on day
trains and Pullman sleepers ON night
trans between Savannah and Mont
gomery. No change of cars, as day
coaches also go through without
change. Leave Savannah ITO a. m
and 500 p. m, railroad time.-ad.
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1902-03-16

Are allowed at Camden, Southern
Pines and Pinehurst, via Seaboard Air
Line Railway. See ticket agent, cor
ner Bull and Bryan streets. Phone 2S.
-ad
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1902-03-16

Next came James S. Sherman's
staggering under the weight of the
Indian appropriation bill. He had
hardly got it into Committee of the
Whole before an aStute statesman
from Texas, Albert S. Burleson, of
Austin, took the floor. His opening
smacked of the chapparel. The re-
marks L propose to submit on this
BILL he said, ARE not exactly ger
name, but incidentally 1 may attempt
to toy with the scalplock of the oppo-
sition party with a tomahawk in real
aboriginal style" He then alluded to
the failure of the Babcock tariff
amendments in the Committee on
Ways and Means, and opened fire on
the trusts. Every shot told. and there
was no waste of ammunition.
Burleson is a pleasing speaker and
an adroit manipulation of logic. His
bright face, ornate figure and rides
cent language stirred the minority to
loud applause. He had barely con-
Guided when Ebenezer j. Hill of Con-
necticut, addressed the House on the
financial situation Frederick H. Gill
lett of Springfield, Mass, employed
the next hour in trimming Mr.. Wheel
err of Kentucky, for his assault on
Prince Henry of Prussia, to which
Wheeler responded in true Kentucky
verbiage. After this Charles C. Reid
of Arkansas raked the Philippine ques-
ton anew and Edward P. Pou of the
Old North State, scarified tariff legis-
lation so artistically that the House
rang with reclamation Mr.. Robinson
of Indiana next ran his gaff into the
Philippine dolphin. Hours passed be-
fore any one flushed an Indian. Little
of Arkansas, finally spoke as to the
merits and demerits of the bill, and
Mark Smith of Arizona, famed the
House with the air of the Apache res
ervation. Sherman took advantage of
the situation and ran the measure in
to port without further ado. 1t went
to the Senate, and was still slumber-
ing in it's committee on March 4.
Robert r. Hit of Illinois, the vet
eran who reported the debate between
Lincoln and Douglass in 1858, warped
the diplomatic appropr iation bill be-
fore the House on the day that Prince
Henry Appeared in the galleries. II
was a glorious opportunity for George
G. Gilbert of Kentucky, who had the
floor when the Prince came to the
front. He turned to the Prince, and
in. weli-chosen words welcomed him
to the country. His colleague from Pa
ducah sat near by, an i1nperivuos wit
ness of the scene. On the following
day Mr. Hit worked the measure
through the House without trouble,
and it reached the Senate before night
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1902-03-16

sts HI. Ialbert, picturesque Confeder-
~ solder from South Carolina. showed
nat since s 1866 the United States had
SS'VVOOOO,000 In pensions, and
The Kalispell bee. [volume] (Kalispell, Mont.) 1900-192?, 1902-09-26
Meet for Their Nineteenth Annual
Session at City of Dillon.
DAYS OF OLD THE DAYS OF GOLD
Talked Over. BY the Pilgrim Fathers
Who Crossed the Plains in Sixty
Will Collect Historical Data Before
the Older Ones Cross the Great
Divide.

Dillon, Sept. 25.-The opening ses-
sion of the Nineteenth annual meet
ing of the Pioneers society of Mon
tana was called to order shortly after
10 o'clock by President Greer. There
were over 150 pioneers of the state
present, nine counties being repre-
sented. The secretary has a balance
OF $724.94. At the evening meeting
II new applications were received
for membership and favorably acted
upon, after which the session was re-
solved into a social gathering and
several interesting papers were read.
On motion of Treasurer Hotter, a
committee of five was appointed to
collect historical data for the future
as follows: Green Majors, A. M. Hol-
ter, Tim Collins, A. M. Walker and
Judge Hiram Knowles
The Kalispell bee. [volume] (Kalispell, Mont.) 1900-192?, 1902-09-26
The Republicans of Silver Bow Coun-
ty Alone in the Convention.
NOMINATE A STRONG TICKET
Which Lee Mantle Says Can Be
Elected Without the Help of the
Labor Party, the Populists or Any
other Party-Make Capital of DEM
ocratic Revolt.

Butte, Sept. 25.-The republicans
of Silver Bow county in convention
assembled yesterday nominated what
they consider the strongest ticket
they have placed before the people in
years. An Intellectual effort was
made to authorize fusion, but a ring
ing speech from Senator Lee Mantle
defeated the movement. He declared
that the party was strong enough to
stand alone and by reason of the
decision of the democracy of the
state stood an excellent chance for
winning out in the coming campaign.
The Kalispell bee. [volume] (Kalispell, Mont.) 1900-192?, 1902-09-26
Two Mine Workers Attacked BY the
Strikers Near Scranton.
cLUBBED TO DEATH BY HUNS
The Mobs of Strikers Are Growing
Desperate and Cause Much Trou-
BILE to the Military. The Thirteenth
Regiment Is CAmped at oIiphant in
the Strike Region.

Scranton, Sept 25.-James Win
ston, aged 48 years, was killed and
his son-in-law, S. J. Lewis, was Sc
verely injured by gang of Hungar-
ian strikers, who waylaid them on
their way to work at the Grassy Is
land colliery of the Delaware & Hud-
son company today. The affair took
place only half mile from the camp
of the Thirteenth regiment at Oil
phant. Lewis got away, but Win
ston's skull was crushed with a
club. Cold, heavy rains all day and
late into the night eased the soldiers
work by discouraging the congrega-
tion of mobs.