Arizona republican., 1902-01-17

was opened in 1894. Its length is thirty-five and one-half miles. depth twenty-six feet. width at bottom 120 feet and at the surface 175 feet. and cost s75. 5000. GOO. The commerce on the canal shows a growth from 79,204 tons
 in 1895 to 1.492,32O tons in 1900. The Kaiser Wilhelm canal. which
 connects the Baltic and North Sea through Germany. is sixty-one miles in length. twenty-nine and one-ha1f feet in depth. seventy-two feet wide at
 the bottom, 190 feet wide at the sur face, and cost about $40 100000. The
 number of vessels passing through 1t has increased from 19,960 in 1897 to 29.
 O95 in 1900 of which number 16,I76 were sailing vessels. The tonnage in 1897 was 1.S4S.45S, and in 1900, 4,2S2.094 tons An additional canal connecting the same bodies of water by way of the I Elbe and Trave rivers was opened in
 1900. Its length is forty-one miles.
 depth about ten feet, width seventy , two feet. and cost s6,000.00
 The great North Holland canal. which connects Amsterdam with the sea. cut in 1S45, but deepened at later
 date, has now a depth of twenty feet. 1 a width of 125 feet at the surface. The Caledonian canal, which connects the i.Atlant and North Sea through the
 north of Scotland is seventeen feet in
 depth. fifty feet in width at the bot
 tom. 250 miles long, cost S1,000,OOO, and
 is at its highest point ninety-four feet above sea-level. The canal du Midi. cut through France from Toulouse on the Garonne to Cette on the. Mediter-
 ranean, a distance of 150 miles, is six and onc-half feet deep. sixty feet wide and 600 feet above sea-ievel at it's high
 est point. and has IA locks; total cost.
 s3.500, 900.
 in America the canals connecting the
 Great Lakes. are the principal shfh canals and are three in number: the ; welland canal. originally constructed
 in 1883 and enlarged in 1871 and 1900; the Sault Ste. Marie. or St. Marys river canal, opened in 1855 and enlarged in 1897: and the Canadian canal at St. Marys river, opened in 1895. The Amer ican and Canadian canals at St. Marys Falls are practically identical in loca- ton and dimensions. and are used in
 terchangeably by vessels engaged in commerce. as convenience may die tate. The depth of the canals at the
 St. Marys river is sufficient to accom- i modate vessels drawing twenty feet of water. The American canal was originally constructed by the state of Michigan. but subsequently taken charge of by the United States and en- larged at a cost of g. 150, 900. The cost of the Welland canal was about s30.-
 900. 900, largely due to the fact that twenty-five locks are required in sur
 mounting the rise of S27 feet in the distance of twenty-seven miles. The number of vessels passing through the
 canals at St. Marys river has greatly
 increased during the past few years,
 while the number passing through the
 welland canal has materially de-
 creased; the number passing through
 the St. Marys canals being In 1873,
 2.517. and in 1901, 2O,041. of which 15,-
 S37 passed through the United States
 canal, and 4.2O4 through the Canadian
 The number of vessels passing through
 the Welland canal has decreased from 6425 in 1873 to 2,2O2. in 1899. The
 marked contrast between the business
 of the St. Marys Falls and Welland
 canals is largely due to the fact that
 the freights originating in the Lake Superior district are chiefly discharged at Lake Erie ports, and those des-
 tined for the Lake Superior region are chiefly produced in the section , contiguous to Lake Erie. the Lake Sp- perior freights being chiefly iron. cop
 per and grain, and the Lake Eric (Contlnued on Fourth Page.)