Fitzgerald enterprise. (Fitzgerald, Ga.) 1895-1912, 1902-10-03

in at one end of the machine and the
dry cakes come out at the other, when
they are ground to a powder and sack
ed ready for market. This blood will
usually contain about thirteen per cent.
Oh nitrogen, which is the equivalent OF
about sixteen per cent of ammonia.
out as in the case of the cotton-seed
meal, there is actually no ammonia in
It.
TANKAGE.
The next important product of the
slaughter-house is whwat is known to
the fertilizer trade as "Tankage."
This Is a mixture of blood, bones,
waste scraps of meat, etc This ma
terial gets its name from the
fact that it is cooked in huge
tanks in the first preparation. 1t is
cooked under steam pressure at
high temperature for several hours.
AS result, most of the fat in the mass
is melted and rises to the top of the
tanks, where it is skinned off and
utilized for soap-making and other pur.
poses. The bones and the cooked
meat, etc., now lie at the bottom of the
tank, and the tank water is dark and
highly colored-is in fact sort Of
soup, containing heterogeneous matter in
solution. The solid matter, bones, etc.,
are removed and crushed or ground in
the same way as was done with the
dried blood product.
CONCENTRATED TANKAGE,
The tank. water is run into vacuum
evaporator. the excess of water re-
moved, and a product known as Con
centrated Tankage" is the final result
OF the treatment. The finished mater
ial contains about twelve per cent. Of
nitrogen. The dried and ground Bone
Tankage, or what is known as simply
Tankage, contains about seven per
cent. Of nitrogen, ten per cent. of total
phosphoric acid and six and one-half
per cent. Of available phosphoric acid.
BONE MEALS.
There are also three kinds of bone
meal produced: raw gone meal, regu-
lar bone meal, and steamed bone meal.
The first is, as it's name indicates,
produced by the crushing and grind
ing Of raw bones, after removing any
adhearing fat or meat. This material
contains about foVRnANS cent. of nitro
gen, twenty-three a.. of total
phosphoric acid, and eight and one
half per cent. of available phosphoric
acid. The regular hone meal is cooked
under pressure for few hours in the
tanks; this removes fat and also causes
some loss of nitrogen, but makes the
product grind easier and finer. This
grade of bone meal contains about
three per cent. nitrogen, twenty-seven
and one-half per cent. total phosphoric
acid and twelve and one-half per cent.
available phosphoric acid. Steamed
bone meal is the product of the glue
works, and Is made by grinding the
bones left after boiling all the fat ami
glue out of them that can be obtained.
This process reduces the percentage
of nitrogen, SO that steamed bone meal
will hardly average more than two
per cent. of nitrogen, but has about
the same amount of phosphoric acid
as the ordinary bone meal.
HORN AND HOOP MEAL-MIscoN.
cEPTIONS ABOUT.
LIor,, oud hoof mail ie ooo41o. -
duct of the slaughter-house. Impey.
feet horns and dark colored hoofs are
first thoroughly steamed, then dried
and ground into meal. The better
quality of horn and hoofs command
very high prices. even as high as
5000 a ton. for other purposes, in the
manufacture of buttons and novelties;
hence the quantity of this material
coming on the market is limited.
There was formerly a great prejudice
against it, and it used to be considered
fraudulent to sc it in fertilizers.
Lven in standard works on Agricul-
tural Chemistry of quite recent date
the material is spoken of as being
NC1J olOWly dS DlduL lOOu.
This, however, has in the past two
or three years, been shown to
be an error and the material
is now regarded by the best in
formed as a rich and highly available
source of nitrogen. The quantity of
it on the market is comparatively small,
There are many other products of the
clearinghouse, but these are the chief
ones of interest to the fertilizer trade
and to the farmer. In the next letter
1 will finish describing the heterogeneous
fertilizer materials, and write you
something about phosphates.
Yours truly,
JNO. M. McCANDLESS,
State Chemist.