The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1902-04-14

| this Island, should form the head
the Farmers Institute movement j
this Territory. That after building u
first a permanent and strong organiza
ton an effort would be made to extern
the work to the other islands, wher
branch Institutes would be formed.
JARED SMITHS ADDRESS.
The program of the evening was thel
announced by the chairman. The frs
paper was by Jared G. Smith on 18th
Experiment. Station and the Farmer
The paper read as follows:
The proper field of work OF an agri.
cultural experiment station is to inves
tigate the problems which arise in con-
nection with every branch of agriculture
Its duty is TO investigate and to teach
by experiment rather than in the class
room.
The agricultural experiment stations
We're authorized by Congress on March
| 2. 1857. The total number of stations in
the United States. not including branch
or sub-stations, is 81. OF these 81 receive
aid from the Federal government. The
Porto Rico station receives SO, 600 co. the
Alaska and Hawaii stations s12,0O0.oO each
and each of the stations in every State
and Territory on the mainland SIS, 1000 90.
This federal appropriation is in many in
stances supplemented by appropriations
made by theN State and Territorial legis-
latures. In 1900 the total income of the
experiment stations was S1,170 S57.7S. of
which $719.999.00 was received from the
National government s247. Isl 90 from the
State governments, S90.0SS.00 from sales
OF farm products. $4,000 as Individual
donations, and the remaining $780, 00O. 90
from fees for analysis of fertilizers and
other miscellaneous sources.
The stations employ 693 persons in the
work of administration and inquiry
Farming is the chief occupation of the
American people. We all know the re-
markable development which has taken
place in every line of agriculture in the
United States during the past twenty
five years. There has been Improvement
in quality, variety and yield of crops
and at the same time a general cheapen-
ing of cost of production all along the
line. With the Improvement in methods
of transportation land and the
world is growing narrower and COM
petition closer.
a generation ago markets We're local
and agricultural regions Were independ-
ent of one another. Now the surplus of
one locality goes to equalize the shortage
of another, perhaps half way around the
globe. Instead of independence there is
now interdependence. Farming had de-
veloped from an occupation which was
the last resort of the man who could
make a living at nothing else, to a bust
ness. a science. The successful farmer of
today must understand his business. He
must be a business man. He must pro-
duce the best marketable product at the
least cost The agricultural experiment
stations have been established and en-
dowed by the National government for
the purpose of assisting farmers to at
tain success in their business.
l need not say that a successful and
ia nv fnTrfaff c no
backbone of the country. That does not
admit of argument.
/ quote from an address delivered by
President Mills of the Guelph Agricul-
tural College delivered before the Asso-
citation of Farmers Institute Workers at
the Buffalo Exposition: In brains and
morals farmers surpass all other classes:
they are the most brainy and most moral
people in the country. They are also the
most economical. Where do your lead
ers i'm professional. Industrial and COM
mcrcial life come from? Is it not gen
orally from the farms of the country?'
Again. 1.-The requisites of production are
land. labor and capital. Wherever we
may live. our natural resources of soil.
climate. etc. are fixed quantity. We
cannot change them. BY applying labor
TO land we produce wealth. OF what is
thus produced. we save some for use in
further production. and what is saved
we call capital. Hence. the amount of
,apital clearly depends upon the ability !
20 produce and the disposition to save. |
In other words il depends on the indus /
rial qualities of the laborers. So the |!
problem OF production resolves itself into !
he problem OF how to improve the in |
iustrial qualities of the people-how to |
make them more industrious. skillful. |
progressive. sober and thrifty" The !
problem OF an experiment station is TO
lelp farmers to attain these ends.
There are not as many farmers there |
should be in Hawaii. The land and the |
water have been TO a considerable extent |
led up in large estates or under long
periods of lease. This has been because |
Il the eXigencies OF the single great agri- |
cultural industry. But / believe that /
here is land enough and water enough
o support a large and successful popula-
ion of farmers. and that the develop
nent Of such agricultural communities
s this one that you are founding is not
4 necessity inimical to that other great
Hawaii would be more pros
'erous today If there were on every ISL
nd hundred such centers as Wahiawa.
The prosperity of every country de-
'ends on the prosperity of its laboring
lass. and the best, most prosperous and
most stable class Of laborers are those
Fho own their own homes. If il is not
ossible to develop such class in con-
lection with the sugar plantations, and 1
hat is a matter which time alone can
emonstrate every effort must be put I
orth to develop other agricultural in
ustries that this fair land shall not
Use or fall by sugar alone We OF the
Experiment. station cannot do these things
however much we may believe
\ their accomplishment But we can do
luch to bring about an increase in the
lumber OF farmers and farming commu-
tiles in Hawaii by helping you who are
ngaged in farming to make your bust
ess a success. If YOU are successful =
Their men. other Americans. will want to
ONE here and found homes.
To help you we must know your prob
ms. The means at our disposal for this
FORK are limited. and we can only take
p few problems each year. AS the
FORK grows, and as the staff of workers
lcreases We can attempt more and more.
he amount to be done is stupendous.
he experiment station wants to help the
armer but the farmer must help the
tation. You must let us know what your
rails and difficulties are and how We
hai ba ct N advance