davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Kalispell bee. [volume] (Kalispell, Mont.) 1900-192?, 1902-11-05
THEY DRINK SEA WATER.
CocIxatOos and wild Pigeons Do Not
Seem to Mind 1t.


COckatOOs and Wild Pigeons Do Not
Seem to Mind 1t.
"In 1881, while resident on Gazelle
peninsula, the northern portion of the
magnificent island of New Britain, in
the south Pacific, l had many oppor-
tunities of witnessing both cockatoos
and wild pigeons drinking salt water
1 was stationed at place called Ka-
baira, the then 'farthest out trading
station on the whole island, and as l
had but little work to do l found
plenty of time to study bird life in the
vicinity. Parrots of several varieties,
all of beautiful plumage, were plenti-
full, and great fiocks of white cocka-
toos frequented the rolling, grassy
downs which lay between my home
and the German head station in
Blanche bay, twenty miles distant,
while the heavy frost of the littoral
was the haunt of thousands of pigeons.
These pigeons, though not so large as
the Samoan or eastern Polynesian bird,
formed an agreeable change of diet for
us white traders, and by walking about
fifty yards from ones door half a
dozen or more could be shot in as
many minutes.
my nearest neighbor was a German,
and one day when we were walking
along the beach toward his station
noticed some hundreds of pigeons fly
down from the forest, settle on the
margin of the water and drink with
apparent enjoyment. The harbor at
this spot being almost landlocked and
the water as smooth as glass and with
out the faintest ripple, the birds were
enabled to drink without wetting their
plumage. My neighbor, who had lived
many years in New Britain, told me
that this drinking of sea water was
common to both cockatoos and pigeons
alike, and that on some occasions the
beaches would be lined with them, the
cockatoos not only drinking, but bath
ing, and apparently enjoying them
selves greatly. During the next six
months, especially when the weather
was calm and rainy, frequently no
ticed pigeons and cockatoos come to the
salt water to drink.
cat first l thought that as fresh
water in many places dubbed up
through the sand at low tide the birds
were not really drinking the sea water
but by watching closely I distinctly
saw them walk across these tiny run
nels without making any attempt to
drink. Then, too, the whole of the
Gazelle peninsula is cut up by count
less streams of water, and rain falls
throughout the year as rule. What
causes this unusual habit of drinking
sea water? Another popularity of the
New Britain and New Ireland pigeon
is it's fondness for the chilli pepper
berry During three months of thu
. year, when these berries are ripe, thu
birds crops are full of them, and Otter
their flesh is so pungent and smells 81
strongly of the chill as to be quite un
eatable. chambers Journal.
The Kalispell bee. [volume] (Kalispell, Mont.) 1900-192?, 1902-11-05
The First Quarrel.

After the explosion the following
were found to be injured:
The Groom. = Slightly scratched
about the face, force of character and
self esteem somewhat shattered; will
hereafter show timidity under like cir
cumstances.
The Bride.-Dignity hurt but not
broken; showed unexpected courage;
will recover slowly.
Cupid.-Badly shocked; will recover.
Life.
The Kalispell bee. [volume] (Kalispell, Mont.) 1900-192?, 1902-11-05

an equal elevation in the rim OF Ora
ter Lake. Above this, Mount Shasta
rises over $500 feet. The promi-
nence of Mount Mazama as a drain
age center is quite equal to that of
Mount Shasta, but it's slopes on the
rim of Crater lake, ranging from ten
to fifteen degrees, are scarcely as
great as those of Mount Shasta at a
corresponding elevation. On the
other hand, the canyons of Sun and
Sand creeks on Mount Mazama are
more profound and have been much
more deeply glaciated than any of
those on Mount Shasta. 1t there
fore appears reasonable to suppose
that Mount Mazama had an altitude
at least as great, and possibly
greater than that of Mount Shasta
(14,3S0 feet)
There were eruptive flows of lava
from Mount Mazama, and also great
| explosive eruptions of pumice, the
greatest eruptions, perhaps, of the
Cascade range, and then came the
revolution which removed the large
cone and the upper 5000 feet OF
Mount Mazama, and gave rise to the
caldera
The evidence seems 20 be against
the view that this destruction of the
mountain was by an explosion which
blew the upper part off and out A
large number G68) of soundings
made under the direction of Major
Dutton, U. S. A., show that the in
ferred bottom of Crater Lake may be
conceived of as a nearly plane sur
face for the most part, upon which
stand three abruptly rising promi
nences, one, Wizard Island, rising
high over the water, the other two
being submerged. The depth of the
, floor upon which these prominence
, stand varies from 1000 to 1000 feet
probably the deepest fresh water il
the United States. The solid con
, tents of the area of the caldera con
tanning this lake is about II cubi
: miles; the contents or the area o
: the mountain top above the calder
= was probably cubic miles-17 cubi
: miles of material in all. There i
: nothing on or around the presen
f mountain to account for all this ms
+ terial.
l. Crater lake changes level Durin
the summer, when there is rapi
S evaporation and little or no precip
l. tation the surface of the lake sui
h sides; but during the rainy winter
it rises again The oscillation is limi
X ed to about four feet The lake al
n pears to be fed chiefly by the vas
If quantities of snow which drift acros
e banks on the inside. The annu;
a. precipitation of the region is est
n mated as between 20 and so inche
e. Crater Lake has no visible outlet, ne
IF face directly within a few mil IS. BIZ
1t the walls of the caldera enclosing til
er lake are made up of alternatin
ID sheets of lava, dipping away from IL
lie lake practically in all directions, ar
a. they are so porous as to afford cas-
st passage for much water. Springs c
c. the mountain are abundant and T
Id markable in size, especially on I'll
southeast, along fault in the mou
la tain side, which probably affords g
m outlet for much of the water that pc
t. colates through that portion of IL
lie rim.
n
The Kalispell bee. [volume] (Kalispell, Mont.) 1900-192?, 1902-11-05
Pleasing Him.

Mrs. Gay-Yes, know my husband
can't afford all these things, but I'm
buying them to please him.
Mrs. Schoppen-To please him?
Mrs. Gay-Yes; there's nothing that
pleases him more than a chance to tell
his people what a martyr he is.-Phila-
delphia Press.
The Kalispell bee. [volume] (Kalispell, Mont.) 1900-192?, 1902-11-05
Bargain List-second Hand.

One Steinway square piano, in good
condition. This is an exceptional
bargain-$125, cash or on time.
One Boulder organ, in splendid con-
dition. This is large high. organ,
just as good as it ever was in tone.
Only $50. Easy payments.
The early bird catches the worm.
SHERMAN'S MUSIC PARLOR-
The Kalispell bee. [volume] (Kalispell, Mont.) 1900-192?, 1902-11-05

Acre Property Within Five Minutes
Walk of the Business Center Of the
City.
Inquire of the Conrad National
Bank, or of J. 3. Gibson, room 20
Conrad Bank Building.
The Kalispell bee. [volume] (Kalispell, Mont.) 1900-192?, 1902-11-05

Self love is at once the most delicate
and the most vigorous of our defects;
a nothing wounds it, but nothing kills
it
The Kalispell bee. [volume] (Kalispell, Mont.) 1900-192?, 1902-11-05
A Fair OHer.

Tim Tuff-Aw, cud lick youse wild
both me hands tied behind me.
Swipsey Mulligan-Will yer let me
tie em?-Ohio State Journal.
The Kalispell bee. [volume] (Kalispell, Mont.) 1900-192?, 1902-11-05

Miss Ethleen Tate is an accom-
plished musician and an efficient
teacher. Call on her at Sherman
music parlors.
The Kalispell bee. [volume] (Kalispell, Mont.) 1900-192?, 1902-11-05

Ladies' waists in great profusion
at Wilson's. We show the new fall
novelties in exclusive designs at low
est prices.
Evening star., 1902-02-26

As a matter Of fact. 1t is strongly indicated
that the returns will exceed these figures The
royalties received by the company from Its lands,
and from which dividends will be paid, Will in
crease monthly mines opened, thus
enabling corresponding increase in dividends;
there are already So shafts in the ore body, a
new custom mill is Just about completed (thc
first Of a series to be constructed on the 2.1OO
acres Of lead lands which included in the
companys property, and 1t Is expected that one
hundred more mines will bc In operation on
these lands before the end OF 1902. As the com
panys royalties cover from 5Oco to GOTo Of the
net profits Of these mines, and paid to II IN
CASH EVERY WEEK, 100 mines would far
than pay the Sfo moderately estimated as the
earnings on the stock this year.
The company does NO MINING, is NOT A MIN
ING INSTITUTION, takes NO RISK WHATEVER:
1t simply bears the character OF TRUST STOCK.
emitting all holding it to a large share in the
net profits Of all the mines and mills on its lands
but without incurring any expense liability.
The so gold interest on the bonds guaranteed
by the SAVINGS & TRUST CO.. OF Cleveland,
with resources Of 600, for years.. $50
the stock and go Of accrued interest from
Nov. 1st to Feb. 2Sth, the bonds equals 1850
the first year to the subscribers who come in now
and secure the 1000 stock bonus After the close
fe22&26
Evening star., 1902-02-26

Minister-"Little boy. do you use to-
bacco?' - ,-es
Small sBoy-'Sure thing, mister. but I'm
sorry can't give you chew, I'm all
out, t,"-Chelsea Gazette
Evening star., 1902-02-26
Hotel Arrivals.

( Raleigh-G. W. Van Gunten. A. W. Hera,
]. :. Wick, E. Irwin Joyce, Harry Fl.
Cooke. c. A. Joenson, Chas. H. Machen.
Philadelphia; A. P. Knapp. Saratoga, N.
Y; John J. Gallagher, c. F. Berry, D. F.
Curtis John r. Ainsley, F. A. Davis, w. H.
Leach, Boston; A. P. Curtin, Montana:
Frank Edwards, F. F. Oldham, Robert T.
Shelbome Samuel M. Ferris Cincinnati;
John F. Pugh Martin NJ. Fass. Howard
Duffield, Colonel w. N. Coler, H. H. Smith,
w. ]. Leggett, George E. Walton, W. Mel
son Cromwell, Charles Paine, H. NJ. Yeager,
A. f. Holcomb, Henry Wills, T. T. Dor
man, New York: c. NJ. Treat, Buffalo: Ed
ward Dunwick, Mt Vernon, Ohio; w. T.
Haines, Baltimore; r. A. Carter, ChaS. F.
Runkn, VIM J. Burnes. John A. Burus.
Pittsburg: George A. Nessman, Louisville;
b. A. Richmond, J. w. Humbard, Cumber-
land, Md; Frank B. Meador. Atlanta, Ga.
Daniel Abrey, Detroit.
Nationalist. E. Clarkson, Burlington, Vt;
j. B. Maxwell, Wilkesbarre, Pa; F. W.
Rosser, Chicago; M. e. Richardson, st.
Louis; G. L: Mallory. Jas. J. Fread. New
Newcomb. Philadelphia; w. H. Kelleher,
Jonia, Mich.
Ebbitt-F R. jackson, Paterson, N. j.; u.
O. Everett. Charlotte. N. c.: H. q. VIII
New York: c. E. Gillette, U. s. A.: II.
Hutchins, U. s. N: L. s. Brown, Spring
field. Mass; R. c. Marshall. U. S. A.; Mar
ion Butler, Raleigh, N. c.; j. c. Luiehan.
Concord, N, II.
Metropolitan-Thos. F. Snow, Charles r.
Wellenkamp, Franklin Brooks. w. F. Jen-
nings, w. ]. Behrens. New York; F.. Il.
Kloch, Syracuse, N. Y; w. p. Mosher, D'l-
luth, Minn.: ]. D. Shanahan. Buffalo. N. Y:
William Albeit, Pittsburg; Adolph Mos
kovits Philadelphia; E. v. F1nlayson.
Charlotte, N. c.: w. e. Mallory, l.. Schu-
-macher, Woodsfield. Ohio; w. F. Massey,
Raleigh, N. c. =
Evening star., 1902-02-26
REAL ESTATE TRANSFERS.

Patterson street northeast between Is,
and I'd streets-F'red. l.. Kilborne ct ux
Julia E., to Willis E. Kilborne, lots 81, 81
and 90, square III; $40.
Rosedale and Isherwood-Ernest A. A
Dunn ct ux. to Charles r. Luscombe. lot
3S, block 90; $40. Charles r. Luscombe e;
ux conveys same property to Sarah kel-
ley; $40.
American University Park-John D. Crois
SAINT ct al, trustees, to Rosa Leak, lot .
block 6: $500.
Center EckingtoE-Howard B. Waldron e'
ux to Gertrude b. Stewart, lot Z, square
II; $40.
First street northeast between d and F
streets-Ida Edith Yohe ct al. to Edmund
j. Brady, lot .. square 6S2; so.
Eleventh street northwest between F ant
G. streets-AureliuS r. Stands ct uX. to Ber
tha Hammond. part original lot II. square
800; SO Lille NJ. Stone ct vir, Robert II.
to same, part same lot; $40
Evening star., 1902-02-26
MUST BE SHOWN.
COFFEE DRINKERS REQUIRE PROOF.

When persons insist taking some kind Of food
drink that disease 1t is not fair to blame
doctor for not curing them.
Coffee keeps thousands Of people sick In spite Of
all the doctor can do TO cure them. There is but
way to get well. That is to quit coffee abso-
lutely; grest help will be to shift over to Pos
tum Food Coffee.
case Of this Kind is illustrated by Mrs E.
Kelly. 233 Sth ave-, Newark n. J.. who says: 81
have been ailing for about eight years with biiour
trouble and indigestion. Every doctor told me to
give up coffee laughed at the idea Of coffee
hurting me- until about three years ago / was
taken very bad and had to have a doctor attend
me regularly ree..--
The doctor refused to let me have coffee but
prescribed Postum Food Coffee. soon got to max.
ing 1t well that could not tell the difference In
taste bet ween Postum and the common coffee (
II began 10 improve right away. and have never
had a bilious spell since giving up coffee and TAX
ing Postum. When 1 started weighed 100
pounds. now I weigh 100. Ny friends ask
what has made the change. and. Of course. tell
them 1t was leaving OF coffee and taking up Pos
tum. - = - =
81 know husband will never 60 hack to the old
fashioned coffee again. You use my name n
you print this letter. for not ashamed to kave
the pabaic know just what have to say about
Postun and What Il Aas doss tes nssn
Evening star., 1902-02-26

The city lights and naphtha lamps all
lighted by thirty minutes after sunset; ex-
tinguishing begun one hour before sunrise
All arc and incandescent lamps lighted AZ
teen minutes after sunset and extinguished
-forty-fve minutes before sunrise
Evening star., 1902-02-26

Forecast till SPIN. Thursday-For the Dis
trict Of Columbia and Maryland partly
cloudy, tonight and Thursday; diminishing
northwesterly winds, becoming variable
For Virginia, fair tonight, except rain on
the coast; colder In southwest portion
Thursday fair; fresh to brisk northwesterly
winds diminishing.
Evening star., 1902-02-26
Plaintiff Awarded $500.

jury in Circuit Court No. 2 today re.
turned a. sealed verdict awarding $500 dam:
ages to Timothy F.. Lee against the Met.
ropolitan Railroad Company. The plaintiff
was injured In an accident which occurred
May o. 1885, at 9th; and Festreets, and No.
vember s. 1898. filed q suit for damages II
the sum Of $40. 600. The case was tried II
January. 1901. and a verdict for NOOO.wa
awarded In, the plsintiffs favor. This yer.
dict was set aside by the court and i new
trial ordered. This new trial has resultes
In the decreased amount of damages
awarded -
Evening star., 1902-02-26
Deaths in the District.

The following deaths were reported to the
health Office during the twenty-four hours
ending at noon today:
Augustus E. l.. Keesse, SIS years; Martha
A. Bradley "a years; Valentine Klein 81
years; Albert Armstead, 65 years; Sarah
Johnson Ga years: George Green, 62 years;
John Sullivan, 81 years; Miss Sallie ]. Hill.
40 years; Robert Branson. 81 years; Jen-
ME Lindsay, 80 years; Francis Frederick
Taylor, 30 years; Loyla Edwards, % years:
Henry Hardy, 26 years; Viola Miles, !
year; Raymond L. Bowie months.
Evening star., 1902-02-26
Marriage Licenses.

Marriage licenses have been issued as
follows:
White-George M. Day apd Emma j. Cur
Lucy, both of Henrico county, Va: Cleve-
land Church and Ida A. Norris; Richard
X. Murray and Florence phillips; Peter F.
Richie and Lizzie o. Humbert, both of
New Hope, Va; Commodore P. Melton and
Emma o. Toepper; William Pierce Fergu-
son and Mamie Virginia Mann; William T.
Burgess and Blanche " Offutt: Frank III.
NorcOm of this city and Carrie +. Welker
of Alexandria, Va; Arthur Gleason and
Lille May Cramer. r.. as
Colored-John M. Gray and Matte E.
Tapp; Winston D. Payne and Susie Y. Jen-
nings; Thomas E. Dunkins and Mary E.
Williams. 10
Evening star., 1902-02-26
sCRoFULAA. F

Scattered consumption" is good
way of describing this disease. 1t
is in fact a real consumption of the
little glands under5the skin.
SCOTS Emulsion cures it. SCOTS S
Emulsion is good for all kinds of
consumption but especially good for
scrofula.
1t heals the sores-but doesn't
stop there for the weakness and loss
of flesh is the worst part of scrofula:
Scott's Emulsion feeds and
strengthens scrofulous children.
Send for Free sample. !.
SCOTT Z BOVINE. caenisn. 400 Pearl st., \. Il.
Evening star., 1902-02-26
Four Months in Jail.

Alphonzo Boswell. a man about 80 years
old, pleaded guilty In the Police Court this
morning to taking gold watch. valued at
$25. Leander Carlisle, the complainant
said the watch was taken from him Thurs
day night while he and Boswell were In a
house on Missouri avenue. Boswell was
given a sentence Of four months In JAIL
Evening star., 1902-02-26
FINANCIAL.
FINANCIAL.
ONLY = DAYS MORE
I'm Which to Secure the 1OO6 Stock Bonus
Given With the 6Qb Gold First Mortgage Bonds
UNDERWRITERS LAND co,

The Issue Nearly Subscribed and Will Close Before
Evening star., 1902-02-26
THE COURTS

Equity Court No. 1-Justice Hagner.
Furvis agt. Barbados; guardians ad litem
appointed. Donovan agt. Donovan; motion
for alimOny pendente lite overruled for the
present. Nairn agt. Nairn ct al; payments
to guardians of infants authorized. Spauld-
ing agt. Law ct al. pro confessO against
defendants all.
Equity Court No 2-Justice Bradley.
Dyer agt. Dyer; final ratification Of sale
and reference to auditor. Buchanan agt.
Buchanan; decree establishing liens and for
sale, with Samuel Maddox, trustee, to sell.
Larkin agt. Cross; sale decreed, with L. c..
Williamson and John Scrivener, trustees, to
sell. Springman agt. d. c.; decree cancel
ing taxes and assessments. Ratcliffe agt.
Kenyon; rule to show cause returnable
March 3. Cap.-al Syndicate Co. agt. Lee;
modification of decree finally ratifying au-
ditors report. Lewis agt. Lewis; further
proof ordered taken before Chas. F. Wilson,
examiner.
Taulelle agt. Dion; judgment on verdict.
Brown agt. Commercial Fire Insurance Co. !;
on trial
Circuit Court No 2-Justice Clabaugh.
Lee agt. Metropolitan Railroad Company;
verdict for plaintiff for $500. Frawley agt.
Chesapeake Beach Railway Company; on
trial.
Criminal Court No. 1-Justice Anderson.
T. S. agt. Yorhe Nelson; manslaughter;
o., trial.
Criminal Court No. 2-Justice Barnard.
Weaver Bros. agt. Herbert J. Brown; YER
dict for plaintiff tor $S2.s7. U. S. agt. Sam
uel Preston; rape; on trial
Probate Court-Justice Barnard
Estate of Andrew NJ. Green; order of
publicatio Estate Of Jeanette G.. Cam
mack; do. Estate of Ellen r. Godding; do
Estate of Edward GatewOod; exceptions to
report of register of wills filed. Estate Of
BraxtOn B. Johnston; statement for ac-
count filed. Estate Of Hugh McCaffrey; do
Estate Of William H. Jones; testimony for
Administrative filed. Estate of Francis D.
Jones; proof of publication filed. Estate of
Magnus F. T. Rudenstein; will fully
proved. Estate Of Mary D. Heyl; order re-
scinding order of January 16 and ordering
citation to issue and giving leave to petit
toner to file amended petition, ETC. Es-
tate of Thomas T. O'Leary; statement for
account filed. Estate Of William j. Nc
Knight petition for probate Of will filed
Estate of William A. Alexander; state
ment for account filed. Estate Of Edward
Waldron; affidavit in lieu Of account filed
Estate of Andrew j. Myers; account passed
In re Eta Smith; order appointing Louisa
Green guardian, bond $780, In re Bessie 10.
Monaghan; order appointing John Mona
CHAN guardian, bond 800. Estate of Will
lam j. Mcknight; commission ordered to is-
sue Estate of John H. Brown; statement
for account filed. Estate OF Magnus F., T.
Rudenstein; will admitted to probate and
letters testamentary granted to Margaret
Rudenstein, bond 500. Estate Of William
H. Rupp; order of publication. Estate of
Frederick L. Gmelin: order of publication.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1902-07-18
ARMY AND NAVY ORDERS.

Washington, July 1.-THE following army and
navy orders have been issued:
ARMY
Major General ARTHUR MACARTHUR viii proceed
New-York City and assume temporary command OF
the Department of the East the retirement OF
Major General John r. Brooke.
Major JOHN c. BATES WILL IN addition 70 his
present duties assume command OF the Department
Of the Lakes In the temporary absence OF Major Gen.
eral Macarthur
A board Of officers 10 consist Colonel WALLACE z.
RANDOLPH. chief of artillery; Captain EUGENE G
LEUTZE, United States Navy detailed for that pur-
pose by Secretary Of the Navy; Major John g:
sHAEER, ordnance department; Major ALBERT s
CUMMINGS, artillery corps Major BEN AMID L. "a
RANDOLPH artillery corps and JOHN X fhEE-
MAN OF Providence. R /, is appon.ea 70 NEE &C. at
Washington on July p 10 conouct teses OF oisap-
pearing carriages
Second Lieutenant WILLIAM o. SMITH. Tth Infantry,
report the examining board at the Preside o.
Francisco determine hts fitness tor pronotion-
Lieutenant Colonel WILLIAM A SIMPSON; assistant
adiutant general. is detailed ss MEMBER % sns
examining board Major James Parker. assisfsnt
ad1utant general
Captain EDWARD 3. IVES signal corps, win proceed
Fort Trunbun and out INSTRUCTIONS fohn TUG
chief signal officer.
duty with the signal corps VII proceed -
Fort Adams ana out Instructions rron e'
chief signal oficer.
NAVY.
Iasutenant Commander e Il. T1ILAAH. detached NAVAL
War College; 10 command the Newport
Lieutenant Commander W. S. HUGHES TO INA training
ship Pensacola.
Lieutenant V. BLUE. 70 command the HIST
Paw Inspector s. RAND duty In eonnection wife II
~ ring quito OF board when connnaisAioneo-
Ensi gI.t p w. MiSISHn d''''neo 90" '-''''
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1902-07-18
IOWA FOR ROOSEVELT.
DIRECTOR ROBERTS SAYS HIS STATE
CORDIALLY SUPPORTS THE
PRESIDENT.
rgy TELEGRAPH TO THE TR1BUNE.I

Washington, July 17-In discussing certain
phases OF politics in the West, George E. Rob
erts, the Director OF the Mint, who has just re-
turned from Iowa, said to-day:
Little is going On in the political field in Iowa,
All the Republican Representatives in the lower
house of Congress have been renomnated ex-
cept Captain Rumple, of the lid District. Cap
tain Rumple has been forced to retire from pub
lie life on account Of i'll health. The Demo
cratic party is practically without organization
IN the State, and shows no sign of making a
vigorous contest in any Congress district There
is every reason to expect that the State Will
return solid Republican delegation to Con-
gress. The people are in the mood TO do this
President Roosevelt has the confidence and
cordial support OF practically everybody in the
State Democrats and Republicans alike. They
believe in his integrity Of purpose and ability.
and expect to see him renominated and re-
elected There viii be no opposition in the
State to q solid delegation for him TO the Re
publican National Convention in 1904. Senti-
rnent is with the President upon all the issues
with which he has identified himself
The people Of Iowa believe in generous treat
rnent for the Cuban people and government
and in making a start for restrictive legislation
that will control the trusts. They believe with
President Roosevelt that this should be con-
servative, but that IT should be pointed and
forceful.