davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1902-02-09


weddings
widely
keener
A
dion nus life into local trade will be ready education
simplicity fields
to be
n in
be
o n
of
a road.
though thinking good
enect
o { y II
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ID. ~~~~NO
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1902-02-09

smaller counties, the convcts are usually
housed in tents, but in the larger coun-
ties, they occupy houses which are built
in sections and bolted together when in
place. These houses can be easily taken
down and removed from one point TO an
other.
T The use of this convict labor in North
Carolina as in some other of the South
ern States. has been in a large measure
the basis OF all permanent road improve
ment. While the value of this convict
labor may be estimated roughly at rs
cents per day, it would be difficult TO
estimate in money or by any other stand
ard, the real value to the people OF the
public roads which these prisoners have
constructed in the several counties. When
one sees what is being accomplished in
the way of road building by these prison
ers, he cannot but wonder why it is that
the people of the State do not insist and
provide that every available convict
shall. in one way or another, take part
in this great work.
There is need of special reform in this
direction along two separate lines
l. OF the COZ prisoners mentioned above
as remaining in Jail on the average dur
ing the year 1900, very considerable
portion were there awaiting trial, and
unable to give bond each prisoner re-
manning in Jail during a period varying
from few days TO several months. OF
course these unconvicted prisoners can
only be employed on public roads under
an arrangement which involves the con-
sent of the prisoner; and this consent of
the prisoner would necessarily be based
on an agreement to which the prisoner
and county authorities would be the par
ties and which agreement would provide.
that when the case relative to each
prisoner is finally settled by the court,
If the prisoner is set free, he shall be
paid by the county authorities a reason
able remuneration for his services! and
if he is convicted and sentenced, the time
which he has then served on the public
roads shall be credited on the time for
which he is sentenced
OF the prisoners In the county jail who
come up for trial, usually from three
fourths 10 four ffths, sometimes even a
larger proportion are convicted; and of
these convicted it may be safely esti-
mated that four-nfths or more are able
bodied male prisoners and hence may
be assigned to work on the public roads.
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1902-02-09
ROADS IN GRAHAM.

First There is q tax OF about $500
collected for the county 1t has to be
used for bridges and slides in the road
and is not enough, even for that purpose
2. Our roads are in bad condition; it is
a mountainous country, and the roads
are subject to washouts and slides be-
sides our main roads are and have been
badly cut up with lumber wagons, il is
impossible to get and keep them in good
condition with the means at our COM
mand
3. l cannot say at present how the
people are on a special tax, but rather
think a majority in favor of it.
4. Ny view Is that no county can ever
build up until they have good roads. Ny
notion is that In these extreme western
counties Especially we would do better
with convict labor properly managed. Our
county Is too sparsely settled and our
people too poor to build good roads with
the means a. our command.
p. B. LATHAM
Robbinsville y, c., Feb I. 1902.
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1902-02-09
GOOD ROADS AS A SOCIAL FACTOR
BY Mr. Edw. Ingle of the Manufacturers Record

Natural blessings in
mechanical capable in
instincts
handicapped with
is burden The
cities New York. Ph
South
to
is millions population
be
South gained nearly five
will be through practical
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1902-02-09

During the year 1900 there were en-
ployed in the work of road improvement
in North Carolina SAB convicts at an
average cost for maintenance, including
the cost of guarding, feeding, clothing
and medical attendance, of "a cents per
day, per convict--a total of about $50 600
for the year. The value of this labor,
at the usual price OF Is cents per day,
amounted to about $4S2 per day or $l3S,
sos for the year, counting as available
for work on the road 275 days. During
the same year, there remained in the
county jails of the State, an average oil
GOT prisoners. which were maintained
there at an average cost of 80 cents per
prisoner per day, or about $50 10000 for
the year. The value of the services OF
these prisoners TO the State, had they
been employed at the usual wages, was
about $125, 100000 for the year Of 275 work
ing days.
In explanation of the fact that the cost
of maintaining convicts on public roads
averages less than their maintenance in
the iails, it should be said that in the
former case, while there is an extra cost
in connection with the employment of
guards, that in the latter case the feed
ing of the prisoners while at work on the
roads is done more cheaply for the rea-
son that the provisions are purchased at
wholesale competitive rates, and the con-
victs do their own cooking. Usually there
are from 10 TO go convicts connected with
a single camp. In the larger counties,
like Mecklenburg, there are usually two
such camps, working in different parts OF
the county, each having its own equip
ment of road building machinery, such
as road machines, scrapers, wagons,
carts, stone crushers, rollers, etc. In the
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1902-02-09
Leadsall Cardinal imNewsandC
RAIN CONVICT LABOR ON PUBLIC ROADS
By ]. A. Holmes, State Geologist.

OF these, practically all would prefer
that prior to their conviction and
sentence they should be employed on pub
lie roads under some such arrangement
as that outlined above rather than re-
main in public jails and idlencss, as has
heretofore been usually necessary. While
as stated above, it actually costs less TO
maintain these prisoners at work on the
public roads than it does to feed them In
the county jails, yet assuming that the
cost under both these conditions is APP
rroximately the same, 1t should stlll be
remembered that allowing these prison
ers to remain in Jail means, as stated
above, an annual loss to the state in la
Dor of approximately $4,000.
@ The other reform which should be
made in North Carolina IS the use on the
public roads of all the convicts which are
now ordinarily assigned to the State peni-
tentiary. OF these, all whose sentence
does not exceed 10 years, could be worked
on public roads In the same manner as
is now practiced in various counties
And the longer term prisoners, who could
be employed in this manner, could be
used by the state within secure enclos
ures at certain central points, where
they could quarry and crush stones,
which in turn could be either sold to the
various counties at cost, or donated as a
contribution by the State TO this great
work OF road building.
The counties which in North Carolina
used convict labor on the public roads
during 1900, were as follows:
Alamance, 20 convicts.
Buncombe, 80 convicts.
Cleveland. 10 10 l. convicts.
Davidson, convicts.
Durham. 20 or more convcts
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1902-02-09

Edgecombe, 20 convicts.
Forsyth As conyicts.
Franklin. 10 convicts.
CASTOR so conyicts.
Guilford, &c convicts.
Henderson, S conyicts.
Mecklenburg, 10 convicts.
New Hanover IS convicts
Randolph, 20 conyicts.
Rockingham, IS convicts.
Rowan, 30 conyicts
Union 80 convicts.
Wake, so convcts.
Wayne, conviote.
Wilson % conviets
AS Illustrating the extent 80 which
convict labor is now being used In public
road improvements in the Southern
States. ii may be mentioned that the
number 50 used during the year 1900 was
approximately as follows;
Florida. 100 conyicts.
Georgia. 9l6 convicts,
Kentucky fl9 convicts.
Mississippi, 113 convcts.
North Carolina, 6i3 convicts.
South Carolina, 579 convicts.
Tennessee, 722 cnvicts
Texas 872 convlcts.
J. A. HOLMES.
Chapel Hill, n c.. Feb. 8.
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1902-02-09
Roads in Davidson County.

We have a special tax to work one
township alone. l think the people are
well pleased. hear no complaint. The
township is, think, about fifteen square
miles. They work up the roads in that
township in good shape 1t is altogether
dirt, and they have not graded any as
yet. The roads are IN fairly good condi-
ticn that are worked by free labor.
AS to a special tax, really don't be-
lieye that the majority would be i'll favor
OF special tax. but it is like all other
improvements, it is fast coming and
cannot, in my opinion, be held off much
longer
am in favor of good roads, and was
i. ho.,e., when cur last Legislature was
IL .Nsaion that ! would get a petition
asking Mr. fIartly and myself to pass q
law to that effect.
JOHN c. THOMAS.
Midway, y. c.. Feb. A.
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1902-02-09

application or the lessons Whlcn the
Good Roads Special has been giving dur
ing the past ten weeks in half dozen
States.
Many causes have contributed TO the
drift of recent years from country to
town and city. One of the most potent
has been the desire of men and women to
tough elbows now and then with their
fellows. 1t is all very well to be able to
stretch ones self at viii and not disturb
a neighbor, to be undisbuted monarch of
all one surveys. This sort of monarchy,
though, if persisted in, becomes a weari-
ness of the healthy flesh and inherited
through several generations is likely to
be discarded for the equally undesirable
mingling with the crowd upon any foot
ing. Attractions of The city are magni-
fled by distance, and the imagined ills of
country are just so much enhanced. Build
ing and maintaining good roads will
STRIKE the Ga IL. and sound ha iaupa
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1902-02-09
GOOD ROADS LEAD TO
FREE RURAL DELIVERY
BY The Post Master Gene1 al.


of
o
Il. f.. Secretary.
Evening star., 1902-01-31

devoted to school purposes, the remainder
to be covered into the state treasury for
such uses as may be necessary, ..,..
q. Provides that the state oyster beds
shafi not be sold, rented or leased, but
are to be kept for the public benefit
Requires the board of public works to
assess yearly all property of all railroads,
canals and steamboats, for taxation and
authorizes the levying Of taxes by the
state. counties. towns and cities; tax of 4
per cent is to be paid the state on gross
earnings as q franchise tax, the tax on
roads and common carriers operatin be-
yond the state to pay pro rata amount
for the number of miles lying within the
state.
Property owned by trust companies and
banks, which is taxed under the law relat-
ing to real estate, is to be deducted from
the value of the shares of stock issued by
the companies.
Chairman Fairfax says he believes the
revenues of the state will be increased at
least $500, 0,00O yearly by the new plan of as
sessment provided in the report
Under the old constitution many abuses
had grown up under the law exempting
property from taxation for various reasons
generally on the score that it was re-
ligious or charitable. BY the report much
OF this abuse is cured, and property which
has been yielding a considerable revenue to
churches and other organizations will have
to pay, only such property being exempted
as Is devoted wholly to religious worship,
to work OF charity or education hospital
or benevolent purposes. The state will get
good deal from this source which has for
years gone into the pockets of wealthy
semi-reltgious and other organizations and
has been used for the entertainment and
pleasure Of members.
Evening star., 1902-01-31
STOLE FRIENDS MONEY.
Stafford Jackson Convicted in the
Police Court for Larceny.

Stafford jackson. colored was arraigned
before Judge Scott in the Police Court to-
day charged with the larceny of S25 from
Edward Powell, also colored. Powell, who
is from Pittsburg. has been stopping at 1412
I'd street northwest Tuesday night he me t
Jackson. and later In the night lost his
money Powelrs testimony in court today
was to the effect that they had visited sev-
eral saloons together Tuesday night
Il did the treating" said Powell. Jack
son said he was without funds We visited
a lunch ROOM" he added, near the corner
of 11th and E streets, and after lunch
fell asleep. When L awoke all my money,
81 was gone"
Several witnesses testified that they saw
the defendant put his hands In Powell
pocket.
officer McQuade. who arrested Jackson
recovered $40 bill. which. il was stated.
Jackson had had changed early the next
morning.
Jackson denied that he had taken any
money from Powell and accounted for the
Slo bill by saying that it was his own
money. He was adjudged guilty. however
and will have to pay fine of SD or be de-
prived Of his liberty for two months.
Evening star., 1902-01-31
VIRGINIA CONVENTION
COMMITTEE 5 ON AGRICULTURE
MAKES ITS REPORT.
Provision for an once and Certain
officials to he Located in
Richmond.
Special Corresps ndence of The Evening Star.

Special COrreSp ndeEce OF L ne Evening olar
RICHMOND, Va. January 80. 1907.
Four solid hours were consumed today In
the committee of the whole over the inno-
cent-looking report Of the committee on
agriculture and the creation of the office of
commissioner of agriculture and immigra-
tion. The speechmaking was fast and furi-
Gus, during which the oyster industry, cat
tie raising. suffrage and taxation came to
the front in one guise or another. After
the days work was concluded 1t was found
that the committee had agreed to have a
board of agriculture. to be located perma
nently in Richmond: a commissioner OF
agriculture and immigration, the board to
elect the commissioner. and. to have power
TO establish branches of the department at
such places as the board may deem expedi-
ent.
And then the second section of the report,
prohibiting the imposition of any tax on
farmers and truckers for the privilege of
selling their own products. was taken mp,
fight being made to have the section so
amended as to allow the municipalities to
collect tax for occupancy of space in
markets, but the amendment was rejected
and pending a vote on motion to strike
the section from the report the committee
rose and the convention adjourned. y
The final report of the committee on pre-
ambIe and bill OF rights was presented to-
day. The report fixes the homestead ex-
emption at the sum of $2,00O to consist OF
real or personal property, to be selected by
the debtor provided that shifting stocks OF
merchandise are not to be claimed, nor Is
real estate on which debt Is due. be ex.
changed for other property of the same
character, except that the obligation shall
also apply to the property for which the
exchange was made
The iauor license section was so amend
ed In committee that applicants for license
In towns and counties Will have to- re-
ceiye the Endorsement Of majority oi
the voters in the eleetion preceding appli.
carton for license before such license shall
be granted, and striking from the report
all reference of the law to cities Of the
state.
and finance presented today by Chairman
Henry Fairfax was read In the convention
and ordered to be printed. The features OF
the report are outlined by Chairman Fair.
fax, as follows:
/ The same rate of taxation shall .ap-
ply to all property. and for local purposes
shall be uniform on aH~classes OF property.
All property Is to be taxed
2 Assessments on property shall be a fair
| cash value; cities are to be allowed to have
| a lower rate for given period for new
| territory taken into limits than to prop
| erty within such limits.
| pose a tax upon all incomes in excess o1
| 5000 per annum. imposes tax on tran
chises and corporations and exempt.
! shares OF companies organized and char,
tered under the laws OF the state when tar
IL paid on franchises. Sss.s
T. The general assembly Is to devise d
system for assessing coal and minera
s. Fixes capitalization tax Of S1.5o upor
all males: one dollar OF the sum is to b
Evening star., 1902-01-31
TRINITY COLLEGE ALUMNI.
Members Accept DIR. Mackay-Smith's
InNitatiOn to Attend smoker.

At the last annual meeting of the Wash
ington Association of the Alumni of Trim
ity College, held at Rauscher's. November
q. 1901, committee of three was appoint
ed to arrange for a supper and smoker,
but subsequently an invitation was extend
ed the members of the association by DR..
. Alexander Mackay-Smith to attend a SINH
lar function at his house. 1923 10th street
the evening of February 8. 1902. That in
Vitation was accepted.
The association numbers about seventy,
many of whom occupy prominent positions
In the various professions. Many are resi-
dents Of Washington and Virginia ano
Maryland.
The following officers were in November
elected for the ensuing year: George A
Woodward. president: VIM. Fell johnson
first vice president; DR.. Alexander Mackay.
Smith, second vice president: s. Herbert
Giesy. secretary, and p ID. Phair. treas
Evening star., 1902-01-31
Danish Beet Sugar Factories.

United States Consul Freeman at Copen-
hagen, Denmark, in a report to the State
department, says that all the beet sugar
factories in that country are under one
management. except that at Nykoping,
Faister, which is cooperative factory;
but as 1t sells its product to the greater
company. the beet sugar producers of Dem
mark are united as far as the market is
concerned. The amount of land that was
under beetsroot cultivation during 1901 was
10000 acres. which yielded 800 600 tons OF
beets. or about thirteen tons to the acre
The total receipts for the year were $876,
d95 and the bonus to beet growers. amount
ed to $14S, ,608.
Evening star., 1902-01-31

many years to come OF the President; the
State Department and the Department of
Justice. The Presidents Offices will be To-
Gated in the southern end OF the building,
facing on Pennsylvania avenue, Lafayette
Square and 18th street, and will be con-
nected with the White House by means OF
q tunnel.
Evening star., 1902-01-31

Taken In connection with the proceedings
Tor writ OF quo warranto Instituted nv
Catharine N. Thompson. the Issue consfi-
tuting test case to determine the valid
fty OF the appointment Of the justices NJ
the peace now serving
Evening star., 1902-01-31
MAGISTRATE GIVEN NOTICE.

Must SHOW by What Warrant He
Holds Once.
By direction. of Justice Clabaugh, Samuel
C. Mills was today notified by the clerk Of
the Supreme Court Of the District OF Co
lumbia to show. next Friday morning at
10 o'clock. by what warrant he claims to
head, use, en3ey and exercise the once Of
Justice Ds the peace. This action was
Evening star., 1902-01-31

HicksI thought you said there could NJ
no question a. to Brownies veracity?
Wicks-Weil. there can't He~as an un
mifigated har.-Semervflie Journal.
Evening star., 1902-01-31
National Encampment Conm,ttee.

National Encampment C0mmittee.
A committee Of seven. which is to select
a general chairman and general COMMITTEES
for the G. A. R. encampment Of next au-
tumn. was announced yesterday by Presi-
dent Mitchell Dyrenforth OF the Business
Mems Association as follows: Mitchell Dy-
renforth. Chaplin Brown. william Hahn, L.
NJ. Saunders, W. 8. Knox. Allison Nailor.
jr:. and James f., Oyster. This committee
VIII meet this afternoon at 4:3O o'ciock and
elect the chairman of the general commit
tee It Will then prepare report to sub
NIT TO the directors OF the Business Mems
Association tonight at o'clock.
Evening star., 1902-01-31

Building Permits Issued.
Building permits were issued today as fol-
lows:
Jass L Barbour. to make alterations to
house at 9th and Louisiana avenue north
west: cost. $50 49, :. So : .;ss>s. s'...e
J 3 Hrsat. to- make, isis sssipsstis to house
Evening star., 1902-01-31

Ees=,sa2 sssss 5ses~f-stts .
-;s- = - s-.E ss-s-1.-~ssi * .--Ess
:: <@ssss .-sass~-. a.. -s@ns = txsrsS.S s-ss
Evening star., 1902-01-31
Smallpox Patient improving.

Lucia L. Fitzpatrick, five months old, who
was removed to the smallpox hospital yes
terday afternoon from her home at 1M
7th stret southeast. suffering from the dis
ease. was reported today as improving
The case is Of mild type. 1t Is supposed
to have been contracted from mail which
was from Newark, N. j., and was brought
to the house where the baby lived. The
grandparents of the child, residing in
Newark, are suffering from smallpox. The
child had not been out OF the house while
in Washington.
Evening star., 1902-01-31
Additional Policemen Named.

The District Commissioners have appoint
ed Patrick Fitzgerald. Philip b. Cleveland
and L.. K. Rhodes additional prfyates
of the police force. in connection
with duties as patrol wagon driv
ers. The Commissioners have also an
pointed a number OF additional privates for
duty at Convention Hall during the mia .
winter carnival Of the Elks They hayo
further appointed Charles Croghan' IA 8
Mott. L. ID. Frost. W. II. Johnson NJ q =
Ryan and w. Fl. Phipps. as additional nr,.
Yates for duty In the Department of Apri.
culture.
Evening star., 1902-01-31

at the corner OF 18th and o streets north.
west; cost. $50
VIM. r. Shelton. repairs to 40e 10Th street
southeast. cost, $45.
Evening star., 1902-01-31
sent to Ho.pit.I for l...,.

Mrs. Frances Bostwfcl. who ATTEMPTED
to commit suicide this morning, was sent
to the Hospital for the Insane this after
noon.