davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Rice belt journal. (Welsh, Calcasieu Parish, La.) 1900-19??, 1902-10-03
AN6RTCULTURE)
hnsnsas9 = stss46 -
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Onion crop Of The United States.

We have no full statistics OF the
onion crop in the United States later
than 1899, the yesC covered by the
twelfth census. In that year the
weld was over 100000, and the
acreage was IN excess of $4,000. The
farm value or this crop amounted to
S6,637,4 New York leads as pro-
Queer of onions, the yield that year
being 2,177,271 bushels. Ohio followed
with 1,671,442 bushels. Almost one
third of the entire crop OF the coun-
try in 1899 was produced in these two
states, their combined output amount
ing to 3,S48,713 bushels, valued at ST.
S92,254.
The five states which rank next,
and together produce about one
fourth of the entire crop, are, in the
order of their Importance as produc~
ers, Michigan, Massachusetts, Illinois.
California and Indiana. The combined
product of these five states in 1899
amounted to 3,O9S,S07 bushels, valued
at $1,528,776. No state other than
those mentioned above produced as
much as a half million bushels. Con-
necticut is credited with over 100000
bushels; Pennsylvania, Kentucky, and
Wisconsin each raised upwards OF
100000 bushels; Iowa, Missouri, Min
nesota, Oregon, Virginia and Colorado
each produced a crop of upwards or
100000 bushels, and the combined
product of the group of the ten states
last enumerated amounted to 2,S14,-
800 bushels, or almost "a per cent OF
the entire crop of the country. 1t is
thus seen that about 81 per cent of
the onion crop of the United States
in 1899 was the product of II states,
the remaining Is per cent being dis
tributed among 80 states and terri
tories.
The Rice belt journal. (Welsh, Calcasieu Parish, La.) 1900-19??, 1902-10-03
Summer and Fall Feeding.

Wise dairymen now feed their cows
in both summer and fall If the pas
lures are such as not to give a full
feed without too muck labor on the
part Of the cows. Allowing COWS to
fall off in their milk is not a profita-
BILE operation. 1t may save a little
feed, but it loses far more in the value
of lost milk. When cows are allowed
to drop in their milk yields for even
few weeks they can not be brought
back to their previous yields until
they again come in fresh. The men
that have planted corn, oats, peas
and the like for summer feed will
have no trouble this summer and fall
in keeping up the milk flow. Those
that have silage will find no difficulty
at all. The men that have no green
stun to feed can only lament their
misfortune, as it is very doubtful If,
at the present prices, it will pay TO
Feed considerable quantities to the
aowS on pasture.
The Rice belt journal. (Welsh, Calcasieu Parish, La.) 1900-19??, 1902-10-03
Study of Natural Reproduction of
Trees.

A line of work recently taken up
by the Bureau of Forestry, and for
the first time receiving adequate at
tention in the United States, is the
study of the tendency of natural for
ests to extend over the land devoid
of forest growth. This tendency has
been noticed in many parts of the
country, but has never been studied
with view of controlling it for prac-
teal use, or assisting it where desir-
able. A field party from the bureau
is now investigating the reproduction
of white pine on pastures and aban-
doned lands in Massachusetts and
New Hampshire, to learn the condi-
tions under which reproduction takes
place. The bureau is making this in
vestigation in order to be able to give
owners of such lands directions as to
the best methods of handling them,
with a view of securing a stand of
pine by natural seeding A field
party of six men is studying the same
problem in Oklahoma, in connection
with the hardwood growth which
composes the timber belts Of that re-
The Rice belt journal. (Welsh, Calcasieu Parish, La.) 1900-19??, 1902-10-03
S 80
HoRTLULTOREg
E|SMzI gRanI ~
My California Raisin Growers or'
qanized.


M. Theodore Kearney: The queS
ion how shall we market our crops
80 as to produce the best results 40
one that Is attracting the greaIee.
attention among the fruit growers VI
California. Raisins have been pro-
duced in California for many years.
but it was not until 1885 that the
quantity reached the round figure Oh
ten million pounds. The production
rapidly increased each year there
after until nine years later or IN lo'f
the output was 103 million POUNDS.
During this period, which was one OIL
great prosperity in the United STATES
the demand was in excess of the sup
ply, except in 1894, and the ralslns
were sold f. o. b. shipping points at
steadily advancing prices. The panic
of 1898 and the excessive crop Oh
1894, together with the dishonest anu
suicidal practices of some packers III
filling ordets with raisins OF quar-
ity much inferior to the grades lnol-
Gated in the box marks, brought ABOUT
a total change in the methods OF mar
keting the crop. Thereafter the deal
ers in the east refused to pay for rails
sins except after arrival and upon
examination: and as the demand was
very much reduced by this change
and the crop of 1894 was much IN
excess of previous years, the growers
were obliged to ship their ralslns east
on consignment.
l think we have all learned the bit
ter lesson of the consignment system
than that with nearly every crop in
lie hands of a separate broker, for
there were almost as many agents
selling the crops as there were grow
ers, each growers crop was used
against every other growers crop to
beat down the price and ruin the mar
ket. The logical result of all this
was that when the commissions,
freight, packing and other charges
were paid the grower had not only
nothing left for his labor but was
actually out of pocket on the years
transaction. In fact raisins dropped
to $500 per ton in Fresno in 1897
and the farmers found it cheaper to
use them, and did so use them, as a
substitute for barley in feed ng their
work horses. AS further result of
this condition great areas of raisin
vineyards throughout the state were
uprooted, and in Fresno county alone
the assessors books show a reduction
in acreage in two years of 10000
acres, representing loss to the grow
ers in labor and material of at least
500 per acre or 81, 100000. Of course
this meant widespread ruin to the raj
sin growers and hundreds of mort
cages were foreclosed and the farmer
and his family turned adrift to COM,
pete in an already over-crowded labor
market tramping about the state in
search of a days work.-Farmers' Re-
view.
The Rice belt journal. (Welsh, Calcasieu Parish, La.) 1900-19??, 1902-10-03
Selecting Sheep for a Flock.

w. j. Boynton of the Minnesota
Anyone that starts a pure bred flock
should be fond of sheep and ambitious.
He should take pride enough in the
flock to be determined that it should
not only be kept up to as high stand
ard as when it comes into his hands
All successful breeders must progress.
Start with the breed that you like
best, if it is, suitable for your location
and there is demand enough for it to
make it a paying investment as well
as pleasant business. In selecting
the ewes for the foundation flock get
as uniform a lot as possible, as this
will be great help to you. 1t is
hard to breed anything uniform from
an uneven lot. Size is important, but
not so much as the quality. The Sc
lection of the ram is the most i'm
portant. He is one-half If not three
fourths of the flock. Don't be afraid
to invest your money in good ram.
You cannot keep your flock up If you
do not use good sires.. A flock of poor
quality ewes can be greatly improved
by using good sires, but poor ram
will run down the quality of the best
flock of ewes. A highly fitted and fin
ished ram should be avoided. He is
at his best and will never look as well
again. Pay for the quality but not
the fitting
The Rice belt journal. (Welsh, Calcasieu Parish, La.) 1900-19??, 1902-10-03
Novel Method of Planting Trees.

The Forest Department of South
Australia, the most enterprising body
forestry in the Colonies, have
opted the bamboo tube system in
planting out young trees, and it has
proved very successful. The plant COM
monty called bamboo (Arundo donaX),
really reed, is cut into lengths of
above inches and filed with prop
erly prepared soil. Then q small
pinch of seed is placed in each tube,
and with judicious watering the seed
l1ngs appear in due course. The tubes
may vary from one-half inch to 1
inch, but should not be obtained from
very old bamboos, as such tubes will
not rot when planted out. All gums
reared for planting out in South Aus
tralia are grown in these tubes, this
plan having been found to be the best
and most economical in rearing, plant
ing, and carrying over long distances,
at the same being safer than any
other system, as far as root exposure
is concerned. The soil having been
well worked, an opening is made with
spade, and the tube is placed there
in, but care most be taken to plant
the tube right to the bottom. If this
is not done, when the tree sends out
young roots at the bottom of the
tube, they would come into empty
space and perish, and the death of
the young tree would follow. 1t is
recommended to plant the tree as far
under the soil as possible, as the tube
is more certain to decay when well
in the ground, as the damp can act
on it better than when it shows on
the surface.-Indian Agriculturist.
The Rice belt journal. (Welsh, Calcasieu Parish, La.) 1900-19??, 1902-10-03
narrowing Wet Ground.

Ground should not be narrowed
when it is too wet. Only the skillful
farmer can tell when it is too wet.
One farmer follows the practice of
taking handful of soil and work
ing it into a ball. If the ball holds
together he considers the soil too wet
to be worked. The narrowing should
be done when there is sufficient mois-
ture in it to keep it from being very
hard on the surface but should also
be dry enough so that when narrowed
the particles of soil will fall away
from each other. The time during
which ground is just right for har-
rowing is of short duration. This is
especially true of clayey land. On
sandy soil there is little trouble in
narrowing at any time, especially if
the soil be very sandy.
The Rice belt journal. (Welsh, Calcasieu Parish, La.) 1900-19??, 1902-10-03
Palm Ell in oIeomaraarlne.

The Commissioner of Internal
\ avenue has notified the Chicago
manufacturers of oleomargarine that
they will not be permitted to use palm
oil IN she manufacture of oleomar-
garin& This the manufacturers take
exception to. They say the law per
mits the use of vegetable oils and
that they will go into court to defend
their rights. But the path of the
commissioner is plain. 1t takes less
than one per cent of palm oil to color
the butterine yellow like butte~. The
fraudulent intent in its Use is OBJ.
vfous.
Speaking Of ducks. it takes green.
hacks to catch csnvashacks
The Rice belt journal. (Welsh, Calcasieu Parish, La.) 1900-19??, 1902-10-03
Mature Ewes and Rams for Breeders.

Mature Ewes and Rams for Breeders.
An experiment station bulletin
says: AS a rule it is Injurious to
breed immature stock; and the best
returns are not to be expected from
weak or very old animals Both OBJ
seryation and experience have con-
WINGED me that the use of ram lamb,
for example, as sire in a flock, results
in lambs lacking in character and of
uncertain quality, while the use of a
matured ram would have given salts
factory returns. There is a general
tendency, in the anxiety to secure re-
suits from breeding herds, to Breed the
females at too early an age, which too
often Injuries the vitality and growth,
and promotes reduced size and quality.
Animals should not be required to
take on themselves the burdens OF
motherhood until they have acquired
fair maturity and development. The
man who breeds his ewes to first lamb
as long yearlings, to have his beef
cows first drop calves at thirty months
old, or his dairy cows at twenty-four
or twenty-six months, or his sows to
first farrow at twelve or fourteen
months of age, is on safer ground in
building up his herd than the man
who will not wait for this maturity.
In measure, there is also objection
in using very old or weak animals for
breeding. Strength of character from
such cannot be expected to equal that
from animals in the prime of age and
condition.
The Rice belt journal. (Welsh, Calcasieu Parish, La.) 1900-19??, 1902-10-03

gion. It has been found in certain
places In the middle west that natural
forest belts have extended UP streams
as much as two miles in the last TWEEN
ty-fve years. Particular attention Will
be paid to devising methods for ex-
tending and improving the forest
growth of the Wichita Forest tie
serve, where at present the stand OF
timber consists of only scattering
growth of oak. A similar study Is
being made on the Prescott Forest
Reserve in Arizona, where the stano
of timber consists almost entirely OF
western yellow pine. For several
years only a scant reproduction mas
taken place on this reserve, and one
of the objects of the present inVestl-
cation is to devise means of tncreas'
ing the stand of young timber.
The Rice belt journal. (Welsh, Calcasieu Parish, La.) 1900-19??, 1902-10-03

An orchard that has not been cult
waited through the spring and summer
should not be cultivated in the fall,
as this may start new growth Of
wood that will not harden up before
the coming of cold weather.
The Rice belt journal. (Welsh, Calcasieu Parish, La.) 1900-19??, 1902-10-03

Nothing can constitute good breed
fng that has not good nature for its
foundation.-
The Rice belt journal. (Welsh, Calcasieu Parish, La.) 1900-19??, 1902-10-03

1t Is estimated by experts that It
costs about $50 per acre to raise sugar
oeets. This is on account of the large
amount of handwork that must be-
given to grow beets of proper size and
The Rice belt journal. (Welsh, Calcasieu Parish, La.) 1900-19??, 1902-10-03
Beans in the United States.

Important as are beans, as an article
of diet, they play but small part in
the crop totals of the country. 1t is
certain, however, that the census bu-
reau fails to get reports of millions
of bushels of beans raised and con-
sumed on the farms. These are never
recorded as entering into commerce.
On many farms the farmers raise only
enough beans for home use. The last
census report gives the crop of 1899.
1t shows Michigan and New York to
be the leading bean producing states
The yields in bushels for the most i'm
portant bean raising states are as fol-
lows: Michigan, 1,SO6,413; New York,
1,360,445; California, 65S,515; Florida,
176,3O4; Wisconsin, 143,182; Maine,
13T, 290; Virginia, 56,1S9.
The Rice belt journal. (Welsh, Calcasieu Parish, La.) 1900-19??, 1902-10-03
A DANGEROUS Fraud.

Press Bulletin 81. of the Oklahoma
station, says: While travelling in
Woodward county investigating the
loco disease of cattle the veterinarian
of the Oklahoma Experiment Station
procured from a stockman sample
of a sure cure for black leg in cattle
which he had obtained from a travel
ing Veterinarian" The material was
analysed and found to be corrosive
sublimate, very poisonous chemical
which is dangerous to have around at
any time and doubly so when In the
guise of a mysterious cure for dis
ease. The stockman in this case knew
that the only treatment for black leg
was preventive vaccination with vac
cine properly prepared and procured
from reliable sources. 1t is of course
impossible to estimate the damage
caused by irresponsible persons of
which this Veterinarian" is type.
The experiment station at Saltwater
makes every effort to acquaint Okla
homa farmers with new things that
may be of benefit to them and an in
quiry in doubtful cases will always
bring prompt reply giving the facts
in so far as the station can determine
them. The mysterious is always to be
distrusted.
The Rice belt journal. (Welsh, Calcasieu Parish, La.) 1900-19??, 1902-10-03
Reclamation of Shifting Sand Dunes,

Reclamation of Shifting Sand Dunes,
The protection of valuable property
from the encroachment of shifting
sand dunes is becoming an important
problem in some portions of the coun-
try. The regions most severely af-
fected are the Atlantic and Pacific
coasts, the lake district of Michigan,
and the Columbia river district of
Washington and Oregon. Two field
parties from the Bureau of Forestry
are at work on this problem. One
will investigate the worst dune dis
tricts along the Atlantic coast, and
will study carefully the grasses,
shrubs, and trees that can be used
either for temporary or permanent re-
tention of the sand dunes, and will
also inquire into other methods of
holding the active dunes, or changing
their direction. Very successful work
in holding the sand by grass and
shrub planting has already been done
by the state of Massa chusetts on a
Province Lands" The problem along
the Columbia river is somewhat diff
ferent from that along the Atlantic
coast owing to the different origin and
character of the sand. 1t is expected,
however, that the control of the sand
there, like that of the coast sand, can
be effected by means of grass or shrub
planting, and afterwards by foresta-
ton. Primarily the object of control
ling the sand is to protect valuable
property which is endangered by the
dunes.
The Rice belt journal. (Welsh, Calcasieu Parish, La.) 1900-19??, 1902-10-03

The farmer that sells a horse in
poor condition is almost certain to
lose money thereby. The ordinary
buyer wants horse that is sleek and
fat. So much is this the case that
some men in the cities make it their
business to cater to this requirement.
They buy horses poor in flesh and get
them cheap because they are Door in
flesh. They fatten them uR. AnIab
them off with oats and sell them At =
good advance.
A henneclxed husband is
The Rice belt journal. (Welsh, Calcasieu Parish, La.) 1900-19??, 1902-10-03

A henpecked husband is generally
crowed over by his wife.
The Rice belt journal. (Welsh, Calcasieu Parish, La.) 1900-19??, 1902-10-03
Dairyine and Employment of Labor

Dairying and Employment OF Labor.
1t is not infrequently urged against
dairying that it takes a great deal
more labor to carry it on than it does
any other kind of farming. This is
thought in some localities to be
very good argument against it. when
the thing is analysed, we find that the
argument is in favor of dairy1ng
rather than against it. The good OF
the whole community is desired by
every patriotic citizen. The happi-
ness of the one is bound up in the
happiness of all. 1t is therefore of in.
terest to every man to have all labor
constantly and profitably employed.
The dairy business gives not only a
great deal of employment, but it
spreads it over the entire year. In
stead of there being work at it for
but few months in the year there
is work twelve months. For this rea-
son, butter should never sell at low
price. 1t is necessary that labor have
it's reward, and when that is accom-
plished in the making of butter
it means that a considerable sum
has been added to the cost of each
pound of butter. There is nothing to
DC SellhCo NY Tic III ~
ducing the cost of making butter. II
a milking machine could be manufac-
tured that would take the place of four
fifths of the mixers it would not help
the community at large very much.
1t would simply throw out of employ
ment a large number of men and wom-
en-. Individual dairymen would, how
ever, profit by it. 1t is for the inter
est of the community to keep every
man employed. On the dairy farm
the increased amount of work makes
it possible to keep the children at
home much longer than would be the
case with other kinds of farming.
This is very true in localities where
there are good schools The boys and
girls can we'll afford to take a high
school course at the expense of their
parents, if those parents are engaged
in dairying. The boys and girls are
at home just when the milking should
be done and are at school in the mid
die of the day, when dairy duties are
not generally pressing. This is
point that should be more generally
considered than it is. Many young
women and young men that now think
their parents cannot afford to give
them High School education can OBJ
tain it by taking care of a few cows
night and morning.
The Rice belt journal. (Welsh, Calcasieu Parish, La.) 1900-19??, 1902-10-03
Danish Cooperative Bacon Factories.


There are 26 cooperative pig
sIaughteries and bacon-curing factories
in Denmark, and 16 large private ones,
besides a few smaller ones not curing
for export. Sxact statistics can only
be had from the cooperative establish
ments, and a. these 651.261 pigs were
killed in 1901. The price averaged $50
kroners per hoA or A ore per lb.
t10,56c. per American pound). Che av-
erage weight of the pigs waN 1895
Danish lbs. The aggregate nuMosr of
the cooperative bacon factories Renn-
bers was about 5000. The total kill.
ings of pigs in Denmark c&Anot be
given with certainty, as the private
establishments refuse to publish Eheir
killings, which are generally supposed
to be two-ffths of the total, the coop
erative receiving the three-dfths. Cal
eulating upon this basis, the total kill
ings of pigs in Denmark in 1901
amounted to very nearly 100000, rep
resenting value of 100000 kro-
ners. For the week ending May 3 the
killings In Denmark were not less
than 10000 pigs. This was the heaviest
killings recorded for one week since
1S96.-Smor Tidende.
The Rice belt journal. (Welsh, Calcasieu Parish, La.) 1900-19??, 1902-10-03

Speaking Of ducks. it takes green.
backs to catch csnvasbacks.
New-York tribune., 1902-06-29

INACTIVE STOCKS
Furnished by William E Nichols Co. No. Is WaIl-st)
New-York tribune., 1902-06-29

The outside securities market was quiet. and
prices showed only a slight change from the open
ing San Francisco issues neglected Bay
State Gas was fairly active around 2 New-Eng-
land Gas and Coke 5s firm selling at 6Ol2 Con-
solidated Refrigeratng sold at 54d512- General
Carriage trust receipts sold at ). Storage Power
sold 212 Northern Securities 104l4. Union Cop
per $685.. Greene Consolidated at 2S9s. Montreal
and Boston at 81. and Tennessee at 1514. The mar
ket closed dull but steady.