davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1902-02-18

esta tablishments in the United States
engaged in the manufacture of oleo
margarine increased from twelve to
twenty four, with total capital in
vested of $S,O23, ,646, an increase of
S76 per cent. The value of the out
put was $12, 98s, ,525 per annum, an
increase of 31s per cent. The figures,
however, do not represent oleomar-
garine manufactured as a by. product
of slaughtering houses and meat
packing establishments, but is the
output of those engaged solely in
Oleo manufacture.
GUY E. MITCHELL.
Washington, d. G.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1902-02-18
Raleigh, N. c., February 18, 1902.

ence in the face of hundreds of enc.
mics, Surely there is more beauty
and interest in a living bird free in
its native forest than there is in it's
discovered wing stuck on a woman g
hat or it's little blue featherless body
on the display hook of butcher.
Bat there is little appreciation or
sympathy shown the bird anywhere
or by anything. If he seek a few
wayside seeds for his dinner, if he
stoop for a drink, if he pause to rest
a moment on the branch of tree,
If he venture to call his mate or
comrades, if he plume his rufded
feathers after his morning bath, if
he fly across the meadow in search
of his Observation-Disclosures he may be,
wherever he may gO-there spies the
hawk, there orawls the snake, there
croUohes the cat to pounoe upon him,
to crush and mangle him; or per
chance man or boy stands ready,
gun in hand, TO shoot him dead.
Il is passing strange, but never,
theless true, that man-oivilized
man-is the worst enemy of bird
kind. Some men, strange to say,
look upon these beautiful little crea-
lures with utter Indifference. Many
others make it their delight to hunt
down, torment and destroy the lives
of these happy denizens of the woods
and fields for the mere horseplay
sport or diversion they fad in it.
There ought to be stringent laws
in every State to prevent cruelty to
birds, and stop, if possible, the whole
sale destruction of these most lovely
and marvellous children of nature.
A. 0. WARREN.
Beaufort Co., N. G.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1902-02-18
Live Stock and Dairy.
THE LIVE STOCK INDUSTRY IN THE
SOUTH.
VII.
Feeding the Dairy Herd.

Feeding the Dairy Herd.
Correspondence of The Progressive Farmer.
We have observed that plants in
their growth build tissue which be-
comes animal food and which we
term protein, carbohydrates and fat
WHAT Is MEANT BY ''THE NUTRITIvE
RATIO"
Protein makes muscle and milk
and is therefore called the "muscle
former" carbohydrates and fat
make heat and energy and fat, and
are called the cheat and fat pro-
ducers. The relation between these
two groups is termed the "nutritive
ratio" which in simple words is the
proportion between the "muscle"
and cheat" formers of a food. Cot
ton seed meal, for instance, contains
37.2 pounds of protein or "musole
formers" in each 100 pounds; and
carbohydrates and fat, reduced to an
equivalent of carbohydrates 1918
pounds in each 100 pounds
372 :46 18: L: C.
or 372 :46 18: 4 Il 3, that is the nutri-
tive ratio of cotton seed meal is 1 Il 3
or for every pound of "musole and
milk formers" there are 1.3 pounds
of Cheat and fat formers"
THE MAKING OF A RATION
is a simple problem. 1t consists of
knowing the guide or standard and
then combining the feed stuffs TO
meet this standard or guide. The
feeding standard for q dairy COW in
full flow is as follows: dry matter
90 pounds /; protein 2. carbohydrates
8; fat g for each day and cow
weighing 1000 pounds.
Now let US make up
A RATION FO2 DAIRY COWS
meeting our requirements for the
middle South:
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1902-02-18
WHAT CROP SHALL I GROWS
correspondence of The Progressive Farmer.

Correspondence OF The Progressive Farmer.
Every farmer should be- his own
judge as TO what crop he should oul
tivate, with all the lights open be-
fore him. So do the merchants of
our town. One takes the line of
ready-made clothing; another comes
with general dry goods; another
with a general line of hardware /;
another with all shoes, an6 80 on,
Shall the farmers act less wisely and
all plant the same crop to the exolu
sion of all other crops?
Then the farmer should Judge as
to the articles that are in demand.
If he live far from market, then he
should judge we'll as to transporta-
ton. Live stock can be driven to d
great distance. But most farmers
want something that will bring
money now. We that are near u
good market may grow articles of
short transit. But the biggest mis-
take is TO sell and buy all that is
wanted for home supplies. We grow
twenty odd different kinds of table
supplies of vegetables; so we can
have q change of dishes on short
notice, all fresh from homemade
stuff.
1t is we'll for the farmer to learn
the different grades CT kinds of soil
to re cultivated and adapt the crop
TO the GLASS of land most suitable
Corn is a general crop; most rich
lands will grow corn if not of too
wet nature. Wheat will grain more
on some rich land than other lands
equally rich. When the test is made
then it is we'll TO learn the lesson
why; and by this you may become
acquainted with the class of land, if
you do not know the real cause.
Cotton will make more lint on some
lands than other lands equally rich
in grow ing the stalk. AS variety of
soils is common thing in our hill
uplands, so even the virgin or natural
growth of the trees show the differ
ent grades of land.
When a man makes a trade with
land he should be as careful in the
trade as if he, were trading with
man. When he expends labor and
manure, he should require large
per cent. yield; and if it does not
come, it is his privilege to know the
real cause.
It IS the opinion of some people
that 1t is best for farmer to have
only few crops. But for g man TO
succeed we'll he needs many crops
clover, hay, oats, wheat, oOrn, pota-
toes, and a goo d supply of the differ
ent kinds of vegetables. Then his
cotton and tobacco. The man that
has only one crop and that fails, as
some times they do, is short.
r. r. MOORE.
Guilford Co., N. G.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1902-02-18
PROFITABLE CHEEsE MAK1NG.


Little is known of high GLASS cheese
in the Southern States. Cheese
making is a delicate operation, and
its success depends primarily on the
bacteria present in the milk. The
temperature controls the develop
mont Of bacteria. In making cheese
in cold or hot weather our success
has been varied. We make betteR
cheese in very hot August than we
do in June. Better cheese, however,
can be made in winter than at any
other time, but as the butter market
is good in the winter, we would pre-
fer to make cheese in the summer
when the butter market is low.
For winter making we let several
hundred pounds Of milk set over
night. The next morning We mix
with il the mornings milk. This
milk will have a little acid in it, We
determine the amount Of acid by the
addition Of alkal. We want very
little acid in milk when we begin
making cheese. We add OOloring,
which gives it q rioh yellow color,
though this ig not necessary. A
farmer may extract rennet from q
young OAlf's stomach, or buy COM
meroial tablets. Fifteen minutes
after rennet has been added milk be-
gins to ooagulate or ourd. We allow
it to stand as long again after Coag. /
Ulation takes place as it has required
the rennet to ooagulate it. It 10
then out into one-half 1noh cubes.
This allows the curd to divide from
the whey. While in that condition
we start what is known as the cook
ing, with the result that the bacteria
are developed very rapidly in the
whey and ourd. We have raised the
temperature TO 100 degrees very
slowly. Next dip or draw off the
whey. It then takes about half an
hour for the curd to'cool, and there
again the judgment of the cheese
maker comes into question. Cooling
should be done slowly.
Having brought the temperature
Of curd down we are ready TO de-
velOp the cheese by cheddaring. We
take hot iron, about as hot as a
woman would use for ironing cloth
and touch piece of curd. If any
small fibers of curd stick to the iron
there is enough acid in it. It is an
absolute test. After we ascertain
that there is a proper amount of acid
in it, it is ready for grinding In
grinding we tear it into small pieces,
salt TO taste aod are then ready to
pack into molds for the press. After
pressing we allow it to remain in the
press from IL to "a hours, then take
out and bandage. It takes from s
to or 10 weeks to cure it properly;
100 pounds milk will make 10 or 12
pounds cheese. This is usually
worth 121I cents per pound in Texas.
A cheese making outfit TO work 100
pounds per day ought not to cost
moro than $75.-Prof. n. Connell,
Texas Experiment Station, in Farm
and Home.
OF all wild beasts preserve me
oaA ~ all RmoOVn
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1902-02-18
HARRY FARMERS TALKS.
IXT.
Washington, d. G.


Correspondence of The Progressive Farmer.
At the request of subscriber, we
give our plan for
RAISING IRISH POTATOES.
Break the land good and deep; lay
off rows or 81 feet apart, making
furrow about inches deep. Sow
in the bottom of this furrow high
grade fertilizer at the rate of three
hundred pounds per acre. Cut the
potatoes to two eyes and roll in
flowers of sulphur. Cover fertilizer
with a little soil, just enough TO hide
it good; drop the potatoes about II
or Is inches apart in this furrow {;
oover with about inch. Then scat
ter fertilizer at rate of 800 to 700
pounds per acre, and some fowl
house manure at the rate of tons
per acre. Then if your rows are
running east aud west, take the soil
from the south side of the row, thus
leaving a little ridge on the north
side which will protect the young
plants from the cold winds.
AFTER THE POTATOES COME Up.
After the potatoes are sprouted
and coming up, keep the crust broken
by stirring the soil after every rain
until they commence TO bloom then
hill by plowing or raking about or
inches of soil around the plants,
which will protect the potatoes from
the sun. You want TO know
WHEN TO FLANT?
This is hard to tell, but you can
follow this rule which will be about
right: Draw line northwest and
southeast from the sea coast TO the
mountains and begin on the coast TO
plant about the middle of February
and for every so miles plant one
week later. This applies TO reason
ably dry land. Potatoes do not do
we'll on wet land. We always avoid
stable manure, as 1t gives potatoes
the gcab. Some farmers had fine
success planting as stated above. If
you notice, this is for nearly level
cultivation, which we find best for
our section. Dry weather does more
damage to the crop than wet; for
this reason We prefer to cultivate
level. AS TO
KINDS TO PLANT,
the best early varieties are those
that make small tops with few bios
SONS, suoh as the Early Rose, Early
Ohio, EARLY Sunrise. All of these
are old standards that have proven
good yielders.
Late potatoes with US have nearly
always proven to be failures. We
suppose they would be best for the
scott ms.
FOR THE SECOND CROP
it is best to have the land planted in
early COW peas, heavily manured or
fertilized and cut for hay, and the
potatoes planted on the stubble with
out manure. There are several
ways to prepare the seed. The best
plan is to green the potatoes, then
bed in a cool, moist place, and as
fast as they sprout, plant them in
burrows about inches deep and
G over with about inch of soil. As
soon as they come up, work the soil
TO them and finish with about 2 inch |
beds. We have not succeeded so |
we'll with the fall crop as we did with |
the spring crop.
If you can get them, always use
second crop for seed.
HARRY FARMER.
Columbus Co., N. @.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1902-02-18
Beaufort Co., N. G.
TIE COUNTRY AROUSED ON THE SUB
JECT OF GOOD ROADS.

Director Of the Cfice Of Public Road Inquir-
les Asks S75, 900 InCI ease Of Appropria-
ito for His Office.
In view of the increased interest
in good roads, the following Asso-
oiuted Press dispatch is timely:
The report OF Hon. Martin Dodge,
Director of the Office of Public Road
Inquiries of the Agricultural De-
partment for 1901, says that during
the year representatives of the Office
visited nearly all the States and
made scientific Investigations re-
garding local conditions, road mate
rials, eto. Several State Legislatures
were furnished assistance in framing
new road laws. Farmers organiza-
tions, institutes, business organiza-
tions, SCHOOLS, colleges, petitioned
for 90 operation and advice, which
was accepted as far the resources of
the office permitted.
Never before, says the report, has
there been so much interest mani
tested in the subject of road build
ing, and more actual work was done
last year than ever before. The
director will continue the work dur
ing the ensuing year, and enlarge its
scope so far as the appropriation
will permit. Five places have been
selected where the Office will assist
in building object lesson roads:
Buffalo, New York; Cumberland,
Nd. Charlottesville, Va; Jones
boro, Tenn, and Tama, Iowa.
The office will 90 operate with the
National Good Roads ASSOCIATE aud
the Southern Railway in bulldog
object lesson roads in North Caro-
lima, Tennessee, Georgia, South
Carolina and Virginia.
The director says that the work of
the office is purely educational.
There is no intention TO shift the
burden and responsibility of con
struoting improved roads from the
States and counties to the General
Government.
The director suggests the organi-
zation OF two or three outfits of road
building machinery, including rock
screens, rollers, road grad
ers, eto., TO be sent to the various
places which have asked for the 90
of the department., and
where preparations have been made
for actual road construction. Each |
of these outfits should be aooompa
MED by one or two practical road
builders and a competent road en-
gineer.
The director asks an increase to
s75, 900 of the appropriation for his
office.
ChnInWo ia rI0v. |
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1902-02-18
Columbus Co., N. G.

Lexington Dispatch: Mr.. J. L.
Hedrick, of Plnnix, informs Us that
on one-eighth of an acre of ground
last fall he harvested 96 bushels of
sweet potatoes. The potatoes we're
exceedingly large ones-some of
them weighing as much as 81
pounds each.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1902-02-18

Concord Times: Cholera is play
ing havoc among the hogs OF the
town and county recently. Messrs.
Brown Bros. have lost S5, the money
value Of which is about S4OO.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1902-02-18

OF all wild beasts preserve me
from a tyrant and Of all tame, from
q hatterer. Ben Jonson.
The Butler weekly times. (Butler, Mo.) 1881-1918, 1902-09-18
Forty Years Imprisonment.

Coulterville, ILL.,, Sept. 1.-THE
negro Ardee Wilson, who barely es-
capped lynching at the hands of a
Sparta mob a few nights ago and
was afterwards shot by a posse OF
citizens near Blair, ILL.,, was called be-.
fore Judge Hartzell in the County
Court to-day.
He pleaded guilty to the Sparta
charges q burglary and attempt to
assault. After being asked by the
Judge il he fully understood the
meaning Of pleading guilty to these
two charges, which was answered in
the affirmative, the Judge sentenced
him to two days in solitary confine-
ment and iorty years at hard labor
in the Chester Penitentiary.
The Butler weekly times. (Butler, Mo.) 1881-1918, 1902-09-18
Life Preservers.

Captain Uriah B. Dodge, an elderly
son OF the sea, who has been taking
sailing and fishing parties out from
Black island ever since that place
has been a summer resort, had with
one OF his parties last week a lovely
oldlady who hates liquor worse than
Carrie Nation ever did; but the cap.
tain did not know that. He was
gazing abstractedly up at the belly
ing sail OF his big Cape Cod catboat
when the old lady, walking from a
reverte, said:
"Captain, have you any life preser.
vers on board?"
"1es, marm," replied the captain,
suddenly brought back from his day
dreaming, whisky and Medford rum.
Which will you have?"
1t took the good captain five min
utes to convince that dear old prohi-
bitionist that he had not insulted
her, but had simply put sailors in
depreciation on her question. Elk.
The Butler weekly times. (Butler, Mo.) 1881-1918, 1902-09-18
Rail Road Notes.

Tickets on sale Oct. 9Th to 10th,
good return to Oct. 18th. $685. for
round trip. E. c. VANDERvooRT.
Special one way rates to California
during Sept. and Oct, 1902. Very
low rate.
Special one way Settlers" excur.
sion to northwest. Tickets on sale
every day during September and
October. Very low rates.
Kansas City Fall Festivities. Oct.
Bird to 7th inclusive, good to return
to Oct. 18th. $1.25 for round trip.
National Encampment G. A. r.
Washington, D. C. Tickets on sale
Oct. Bird, 4th and 9Th, good return
ing by extension to Nov. Bird,
1902. One stop over in each
direction will be allowed within
limit of ticket east OF Pittsburz,
Bellair, Ohio, or Parkersburg, ".
Va. Cheap side trips from Washing
ION. Rate of $25. 40 for round trip.
Home Visitors Excursion.-To
Ohio and Indiana, one fare plus
w. 90 for round trip, on sale Sept. 2,
8, 16 and %, return limit 30 days.
To Ohio, Indiana and points east in
Central Passenger Territory. On
sale Oct. End, Bird, 4th and 9Th, re-
turn limit 30 days. Rate one fare
for round trip.
E. C. VANDERvooRT,
Agent.
The Butler weekly times. (Butler, Mo.) 1881-1918, 1902-09-18
ask a Million For the Church.

New York, Sept. III. P. Morgan
and Senator Hanna, with George No
Cullaugh Miller. of this city, James
l.. HoughIeling, of Chicago, William
H. Croker, of San Francisco, and
Samuel Mather, Of Cleveland, are the
signers of a statement issued to-day
asking for funds for the work of the
Episcopal church in the Philippines,
at is important, says the state
ment, that American Christianity
should be in n position tn carry on
such work among the natives as will
convince them of the benevolent il :
tention Of the people of the United
States" The sum named as sutfi-
cient to yield an adequate fixed in
come is | million dollars and Mr..
Morgan's banking house will receive
this sum, the signers agreeing to in
vest it and pay out the income,
1t is announced that Bishop Brent
is probably just arriving at Manila;
that 100000 is already in hand
with which to build cathedral in
Manila; that site has heen secured
and that George c, Thomas, of Phila-
delphia, has given $4,000 with
which to provide buildings forparish
work, to be constructed in connec.
ton with the cathedral foundation.
OF the l million dollars needed about
S75, 900 is in sight, exclusive of the
S14S 900 in hand for buildings. 1t
is said that Mr.. Morgan gave the
100000 to build the Manila cathe-
dral.
The Butler weekly times. (Butler, Mo.) 1881-1918, 1902-09-18
Russia Worried By England.

st. Petersburg, Sept. 10.-Russian
newspapers are extremely wroth at
Lord Curzon's approval of the extern
sion of the Indian Railway system to
Fushki, on the eastern boundary Of
Beloochistan.
They foresee uninterrupted railway
communication between India and
Europe. Russia means to have an
outlet in the Indian ocean, and this
great railway, which will be in British
and German lands will stop the prog
ress OF Russia toward the south.
A leading journal OF st. Petersburg
says Russia must at once build d line
through Persia right down to the
Indian ocean and thus paralyze the
ambition of Great Britain. There is
a general desire in England for some
sort of understanding with Russia
about Persia, in spite OF Capt.
Mahan's warning that any conces-
sion on highlands part will imperil
her naval situation in the east, her
political position in India, her CON-
mercial interests in both, and the
imperial tie betwesn herself and Aus
tralia.
The Butler weekly times. (Butler, Mo.) 1881-1918, 1902-09-18
Cold Snap Damages Crops in North.
west.
west.


Chicago, ILL.,, Sept. 1.-THE first
snowfall this season, and a wide
spread frost, made to-day one ofspe-
cial note in the national weather
records. The snow fell at scattering
points toward the northern boundary
OF the country.
There was II specially notable fall
of snow in the northern part of the
Black Hills, and at several points,
among them Bold Mountain, the
GROUND was covered with a white
blanket. Dispatches from Cheyenne
also state the snow fell in Wyoming.
No snow fal was reported To the
tatisticiun in the Auditorium tower
this evening, but the temperature tg-
CURES sent in from many stations
showed such drop from the day I've
fore that the Weather Bureau work
er in Chicago said the press reports
were doubtless accurate. The lowest
point reached by the mercury at any
time during the day was 80 degrees
freezing point, This record was
made at Moorhead, Mimi, enrly in
the day, but by O'Clock ut that
point it was up to 46 degrees.
Professor Cox said that the heavi.
est frost 50 far this year was falling
this evening. There have been two
or three touches of frost before, but
they were very light, and extended
so nth only as far as Sioux City in the
northern part of Iowa.
"There will be heavy frost in Min.
nesota and the Dakotas. and a light
frost in Wisconsin, Iowa and Nebras-
ka," said Professor Cox. "The !
heavy frost will probably dodnmage
to the crops in the most northerly OF
those States, and it will tend to e.
tard the maturing of the corn in
Nebraska, Iowa and Wisconsin"
The Butler weekly times. (Butler, Mo.) 1881-1918, 1902-09-18
800 Reward 500.

The readers OF this paper Will be pleas
ed to learn that there is at least one
dreaded disease that science has been
able to cure in all its stages, and that Is
Catarrh. Halls Catarrh Cure is the
only positive cure known to the medical
fraternity. Catarrh being constitution
al disease, requires, a constitutional
teatment. Halls Ca arrh Cure Is taken
internally, acting directly upon the
blood and mucous surfaces OF the sys-
tenn, thereby destroying the foundation
OF the disease, and giving the patient
strength by building up the constitution
and assisting nature in doing its work.
The proprietors haye so much faith in
its curative powers, that they offer One
Hundred Dollars for any case that |,
tails to cure. Send tor list of testimon.
ials. Address F. J.. CHENEY & Co.,
Toledo, O. D~Sold by druggis 7sc'
The Butler weekly times. (Butler, Mo.) 1881-1918, 1902-09-18
A Tunnel Seven Miles Long.

San Francisco, Sept. 10.-The
Southern Pacific surveyors, who
have been engaged since last spring
to find tunnel route for the Central
Pacific road through the Sierra Ne
vada mountains, are putting the
results of their work into shape for
submission to president E. II. Harri.
man. 1t is known that the route
laid out by The surveyors provide
for a tunnel 34,S00 feet long, or
nearly seven miles.
The estimated cost is If million
dollars. 1t will cut down the Sum.
NIT grade l 800 feet and enable the
company to get rid Of all but three
miles of the ~ miles of snowsheds.
The proposed tunnel will pierce the
mountains Mt an elevation of about
$500 feet.
The tunnel is part Of Harriman's
plan to reduce time between San
Francisco and Chicago twelve hours,
or from three days, as at present, to
two days and a half.
The Butler weekly times. (Butler, Mo.) 1881-1918, 1902-09-18
A Preacher in a Fight.

Durant, |. T., Sept. IA bloody
fghtwas fought about ten miles east
OF here last night by the Rev. W. F.
Whaley and his two sons, "Alf' and
Ernest, one one side, and ]. H. and
j. A Richardson and their brother
in-law, MIR. Waltenberger, ON the 9th.
er, in which the elder Whaley was
killed and "Ali," his son, had both
arms shot to pieces and j. A. Rich
ardson received a severe flesh wound
in the thigh. There had been trou.
BILE between the Whaleys and Rich
ardsons for the last few months and
yesterday the two parties met on the
highway. \