Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1902-01-08

TtN-
- '"e rouho niS-
~ -" ou'e. ohaef tne
80 .."s NeSer neen satis-
Along tue shallow bottom of the
ocean, not very far from the land. n
number of openings have been 1,scov.
cred in carious nor+s op III. con,,
tbrouob which rotar :, NV, 80 go.
=, that "a 49,. 80. ss - ~ l' t.sn
ouOons spfihs nA'nsies
WIZ .ne sun water OF tne sen. Anoth-
- .ai Aapie einss VI iresn water
spilnss 10 .nose thae SINK OUT OF slsht
=. einaps' never come 10 the surface,
nu. ioliom i,iuueh ehahneis unaer tne
,anu anu u''uer Tue sea until tney nnal-
So'ne " Tue open alr on ah lsiahd.
Dun oi thNse types OF Underground
rivers are perhaps most remarkably IL
.us.l"'ea hear anu on hahreln island,
- .ne ersian gun, IL place tnat is also
no.eu as one ol the chiet sources OF
pearis.
lanre.h ,slunu, Tue largest OF the
s,oup Vi isiahus bearing tnat name. is
upou. twenty miies OH tne coast OF
Aiauia ~ siie fersian guit. AS the Is
.anu mas a.ihos. no raihtaii II is
aes'o iesei VI sahoy oesert renewed only
~ pam groves anu patches Oh Vegeta-
slon Mnere water springs 10 the sur
Asee iiolh .he mysterious Underground
snailieis' IN many places the wafer
uoes hoe reach the surtace' out IS tound
py sinhihs "eis' the wafer Deing rals-
~ " lue surface Wy uohheys anu Dul-
.oeAs anu poured INTO 'he chahneis
lroln Wnich the date pains ana other
crops are irrigateo. Ihese springs can
not possibly oe derived from the Island,
anu II Is no more ilReiy that they come
rom the sandy wastes OF nelghborlng
Arapia. Inc ARABIAN shore as far as
cah pe seen is low ana devoid OF water
EXCEPT Ut Ei-hatiI Wnere similar
springs are tound.
Arabs say thut these streahs come
stralght from the Euphrntes river
tnrougn an Underground channel by
"nlch the great river, IN part, nows pc
neath the ferslan gull. Geologlsts,
however, nave dismissed thls theory.
Ihough the origin OF the springs mas
not YET been satisfactorily explained,
the most favored theory Is that they
come from the well watered slopes OF
the Persian mountains far to the north.
II this theory is correct 1t means tl-lt
the rainfall sinks into the earth's crust
until 1t reaches impermeable rock
strata along which 1t Is carried for q
great distance to the south out under
the sea until the rock. sloping upward,
again brings the water near the sur
face on Bahrein island. Some of the
wells that are thus supplied are enor-
nous, and one of them, the Adari,
sel YES Tor the Irrigation of many miles
Of date palms through canal. of an
cient construction. The Adari well is
one of the great sights Of Bahrein, be-
ing deep basin of water % by 40
yards In size. The fact that it comes
from a far higher source is shown by
the force with which It enters the well.
Divers, driven back by the strong cur
rent. are unable to reach the bottom.
There being no wells within miles of
some of the coast towns of Bahrein.
they obtain water from springs that
issue from the bottom Of the gulf NOT
far from the shore. These springs Of
course have the same origin as the
wells. Divers, with goatskins under
their arms, dive through the salt water
and fill the skins with the cold, fresh
liquid at the bottom. The water oh
tanned in this way usually contains
slight admixture of salt water, SO
that the mixture is just little brack-
ish. At some of these openings at the
sea bottom the head of water entering
the sea is SO strong that when hollow
bamboos are pushed down into it the
water rises through the tubes, deliver
Ing the fresh water directly into YES
sells that are held by men and women
who are sitting In the boats that
brought them from the land. The
force or some OF the streams as they
come from the earth is SO considerable
that 1t pushes back the salt water, and
the spring Is not mixed with the sea
water Tor quite space around the
place OF entrance.
II mas been practically determined
wlthin the past rev years that the wa
ters OF smali river IN west AFRICA
"nicn disappeared 'n u lresn mate,
swamp that mas no visible outiee nno
thelr way oy an unoergrouho chahnei
INTO tue Atiantic ana mlngie WIN tne
that mas peen discovered re" thlies
IRON cape Verde. a channei mas peeli
tound on the sea noor "nlcn, appar-
| ently, was cut Dy some Iresn water