The Minneapolis journal., 1902-09-26

often made to st. Paul and Omaha;
YES, even to Chicago, yielding most graft
fying results. If the small fruits are
given proper care and sent to the market
in good condition, they bring In sufficient
money to meet the family expenses. Even
after the orchard begins to bear, there IS
nothing to prevent the orchards from nav
ing two crops-berries in the spring ana
early summer, and tree fruit In the 1aii'
thus dividing the labor and at the same
time doubling the profit. In some parts
of the setate orchardists plant beans be-
tween the rows of young trees. Ihls crop
yields net profit of about $50 per acre, =
Commercial Orchards.
Horticulture on large scale offers ex-
ceptionally fine opportunities. An or
chard conducted on this plan Is termed
commercial orchard. AS yet there are
grown for shipment in carload lots There
are two Of apples exclusively, one having
1O, 900 trees and the other 5000 trees; one
of pears, having 10000 trees; two OF ap-
pies and pears mixed, and few prune
orchards, having between 10000 and
10000 trees. Most of our prune or
chards contain five to twenty acres.
They are to be found in all parts of the
state. The two large apple orchards re-
ferred to are not yet in bearing, being
now years old. The trees in the other
orchards are from 6 to years old, and
have borne several crops, which were
marketed at very good prices in the east.
The fruit of one Of the pear orchards solo
for 871k cents per box, f. o. b. at Salem.
and that of the other for $2.40 per box in
New York and Boston. While the owners
of these large orchards were highly sue
cessful in the growing and marketing OF
their crops, the policy Of confinlng one
self to one or two varieties or fru1t Is
open to question, as there are on
years in horticulture, in one or the other
fruit as we'll as in other lines OF business.
It is prudent, therefore, to plant va
riety, so that if one kind fails the other
will make up the loss. The planting
should be in alternate rows for pollinatlon
purposes. For example, in setting out
apples plant first a row OF, say, WON
River, next a row of Spitzenberg, then
row of Ben Davis or Jonathans, or GRAY
enstein or Gano, just such varieties as one
desires to plant; in pears, one row OF
Bartlett, then. one row of Beurre Clalr-
geau, then one of Fall Butter, then one OF
Beurre d'Anjou, and then repeat. The
same method should be followed in plant
ing other kinds. 1t is always best TO
avoid mixing the different varieties APP
pies should be planted in one block, pears
in another, prunes in another, and so on.
Wn1le IL Is COHCSueu llldI oil IAio Fo'i IVA
fruits can be grown in Oregon, the h1ghes1
success can only be obtained by the intel
ligent, painstaking orchardist. The mar
who thinks that all that is necessary. ever
in this favored state, is to scratch the
ground, throw in his trees III haphazarC
way, with an occasional ploWlng or mar
| rowing, and let it go at that, will soon hnC
himself very much undeceived. Brains are
| as essential on the farm and in the orch.
ov,1 ip t1,n n
When Meissonier, the great French artist
was asked how he succeeded in painting
such beautiful pictures he replied: Il mix
my colors with brains.' In an editorla
| of recent date in the Oregonian headed
Brains in the Workshop" this point was
made very clear, and in summing up 1
said: 1.-The way lies through intelligen
investigation of markets and methods, ant
| the application Of brains to the agr1cul
tural and horticultural problems. We mus
study to please the tastes and notions o
| the worlds consumers, and must avail
ourselves Of the researches of the biolo
gist the bacteriologist, the entomologist
and the Investigations Of the expert l.
crops and market conditions. Uninforme
and unenlightened labor is at a great dis
advantage in these days Of sharp tradin
and scientific adaptation Of means
ends"
| Horticulture, as we understand 1T. is n
longer the problem it was, thanks to tn
scientific Investigations Of the professor
Of the experiment stations =. throughou
the world, and to practical fruit-growers
We know the best soils adapted for tn
various fruits, the best varieties to plan
for family use or commercial purposes
and know how to'Gevaporate them w
also know what varieties to plant togethe
for pollinating purposes. - We know tn
diseases and insects" infesting trees an
fruits, and how to combat them. Hence
there is no good reason for any one con
templating following horticultural pursuit
to make a mistake a failure. 1ntell
gent endeavor will surely have it's reward
Cost Of an Apple Orchard Near Grant
Pass, Oregon.
BY A. H. Carson.
We have found in Is years experienc
the following to be the cost of planting an
caring for an orchard up to the sevent
year. Apples, q acre.:
To blowing and preparing ground. $3.(
70 SO trees two years old at 121 cents
each (25x25 feet apart) ............. 81
To one days work planting and laying
OH ground ........... @.'
10 cultivating and pruning seven years.
| at 81 ................... .......... 4Z.'
| Total cost on one acre to sew
| mt ORR