davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1902-10-26
KANSAS

Kansas viii elect a full State ticket a
Legislature which Will select a successor 20
Senator Harris. and eight Representatives.
The Republican State ticket IN 800 won over
fusion by l7.iI5 plurality.
Topeka Kas-. Oct B-The signs are that
Kansas will elect the Republican State tick
ct this fan. The party Is divided By feuds
and personal Cuarrels over the United
state senatorship. but the personality Of
President Roosevelt Is In the Campaign and
he viii carry the Republican state ticket
safely through. Without the aid OF this
influence the Republicans. would lose. An
other thing that helps the Republicans Is
the new election law. designed 10 prevent a
fusion OF the Democrats and P~opunsts. This
enactment. In addition to preventing fusion.
contains many eompiications. and VIII be
the cause Of the loss OF the ballots OF igno-
ant or tiite-afe Democrats and Popullsts
who may want 20 scratch"
There are eight Representatives in Con-
gress TO be choseu-one at large n several
by districts@and the present incumbents
have all, been rencmiaAted.
Ihe Congressman-at-large VIII go with
the State ucket- The Republicans win re-
elect Charles Curtis IN the First District.
J IL Miller In the Fourth. W. A Calder
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1902-10-26

Rhode Island VIII elect State officers ard
two Representative. In 1871 the Repub-
leans carried the State BY 653z.
Providence. r. L.. Oct. &.-Never was The
political situation so mixed In Rhode Is
laud- The causes Tor the great un-eTtalntY
are many. such as a p~henomcnally increased
registration. running into the thousands. the
unknown influence Of an entirely rev PARTY
IN the field. and the splitting mp OF the Older
organizations There IS n State election on
at the same time. which may make a con-
siderable difference in the general results.
Both congressional districts will be car
ried by the Republicans.
The Republicans viii probably elect their
State ticket. They will also hold the SEN
ate and probably the House On a small
margin
Tn Economic League. composed OF union
lied workinEmcn. has Assembly tickets and
has put up city tickets quite generally The
great registration was made by union u-sn.
and as the leagues overtures were repuissf
by the Democrats. who refused either %
indorse the league tickets or 10 make COM
binatlon ones and. further. as the Demo
Gratis have boosted that they downed TIE
leagu leaders. there MAY b a large slice
cut out Of the Democratic party. 10 which
organization most Of the union men belong.
Nothing but the widest guesses can be
made as 10 pluralities. and lone a the
party managers are INDUCING IN them
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1902-10-26

1N44aa G@es IN ANfr AAF LfaAAHfa AA1 AAEEAAl
the State ~ L-Oo pluIaLUy.
Baltimore. Nd. oct. 3-The vote OF
Maryland this year will Ice light. and no
one can tell which psrty vii lose most b.
the prevailing apathy. The Democrats seem
most hopeful In Baltimore city, where an
nual registration - required. the total Is
only about Ido.ov1. leaving 1uvo voters who
did not feel sufficient interest In the cleo
ton 10 get on the lists.
Maryland II now represented by n solid
h~epubican delegation in the lover house
OF Congress. Fpur OF the 81 districts have
a normal Democratic majority. aud as the
silver issue has not been raised in this
campaign the party leaders expect better
In the First District there has been a
great deal Of bribery In the past on both
chasahie vote. The Democratic candidate.
Mr. EsleEuud. however. i n poor ran and
IS running on an anti-brlbery platform. He
expects a large prohibition vote. and there
Is a normal Democratic majority % about
80 IN the district The result = IN great
In the Second Distric; the Democratic
majority has been greatly strengthened BY
ne redistricting by the last legislature
who represented the old district several
times The Republican candidate Is ". Ty-
Ter Page. who holds a clerkshlp
IN Congress. II Is generally conceded that
Mr. Talbot will be elected
The Third and Fourth districts are whol-
" In Baltimore city. and are naturally
Democratic Candidates In the Third are
Lee Meyer DEM and Representative
- EH'FHE .1As @NANf q. 1AAIFAAta-
ally popular and seems cunhdeut OF ain
ming. Meyer Is making a great dght. and
many think he will be elected. The vote
viii probably be close.
In the Fourth District the candidates are
Major J. W Denny Deml and Represent
auve Schirm ORepl. The district IS strong
y Democratic. and that party Is confident
Of winning.
The Fifth and sixth districts are The Re-
publican stronEholds- The former Is repre-
sented By g 2 Mudd who Is n candidate
LOT rs-election. Re has a large majority
b II Camaher. can hardly overcome this
unless there Is a political landslide. Repre-
sentative Pearre Is running again in the
sixth District. which has a Republican ma
tority OF about 400 There is some dis
anecUon in the Republican ranks. and Mr..
kenneweg. the Democratic candidate Is
popular. Senator wellington. Who lives IN
mat district, predicts a Democratic victory.
OUT colonel Pearre seems 10 have no
anxiety about the result
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1902-10-26

Manchester. y. H. oct. 5-At the cleo
ton OF 1885 Sulloway and Clarke. the Re
publican candidates Tor Congressman in
this state. had pluraiities respectively OF
ass and LIZ but In 1900 sideways plurali-
~ was increased TO 500 and Clarke's sue
cessor. Mr.. Currier. received 4 plurality of
9.s2 From the best obtainsbie informa-
ton 10 seems probable that the two Repub-
licau candidates. Messrs- Sulloway and Cur
rier. VIII each receive a plurality OF about
300 at the election in November.
The contest for Governor Is somewhat
complicated. but the chances are that Nahum
J. Bachelor. the Republican candidate. will
be successful by a plurality OF not less than
1000. II Is quite likely that the liquor
agitation will lose him some votes. but rs
he Is very strong with the farmers and
dairymen o. the State. his losses will doubt
less be made I'D IN that way.
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1902-10-26

coal Occ4a'Oned BY the suspension Of aathra-
cite production
There has been comparatively little po-
liticsl activity. and Republican sctionallsm
so strcng a feature Of the politics OF West
Virginia, has lain practically Dormant
Tarn and trust agitation has been appa-
reltly efficiently ANSWERED with senator
Hanna's stand pat and let well enough
alone The West Virginia delegation IN
Congress will probably remain soIidly Re
urhlhcan- q nov
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1902-10-26

Helena. Mont, oct. For the only seat
in Congress the nominees are: Joseph II.
Dixon (RepD OF Missoula. John N. Evans
QDem) OF Missouia and Martin Dee Q-abor)
OF Butte. There seems TO be little doubt
OF DiKon's election. because OF the bitter
Democratic fsctional tight between Senator
W. a. Clark and r. Augustus Heinze. More
over. Evans. N his acceptance speech At
the Democratic Convention. boasted that
he bore a rebel surname John Morgan"
and the Grand Army men are working
against him. The labor unions have de-
nounced Evans as an enemy 10 labor. be-
cause he employed a Chinese.
Montana has had a large immigration
from Republican States Since-lasf election.
so that the political complexion OF the
State has changed considerably. The chief
night this year Is over the Associate Justice
OF the Supreme Court w. l. Holloway.
the Republican nominee. has received the
Endorsement Of Fusion elements and VIII
doubtless be elected. though by a small
plurality.
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1902-10-26

MlEzukee. Wis. Oct 5-The campaign
In Wisconsin this year Is peculiar. II
started late. moves SOW. and the result no
man oar fonetel with any great degree OF
certainty. Former statistics are Of little
use for the reason that Republicans viii
support Democratic candidates. and Dem
ocratsl viii support Republican candidates
There IS also every Indication OF a large
stRy-ak-home vote. which further compli-
Gates matters The political
prophets agree that Governor La Toilette
win be reelected. but probably by a plural
fly Of about One-half OF that received by
him tEo wears ago. The Republicans VIII
probably elect ten out Of eleven Congress
men. although all plCraliues VIII be great
~ reduced. and one or two may have 4
close call. Wisconsin now has a solid Re
publican deleEauon IN Congress.
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1902-10-26

Wyoming viii elect a State ticket and one
Representative IN ISS the Republicans
elected their state ticket by 1884 plurality.
Cheyenne. w. Oct. 3.-The Republicans
feel certain OF electing their State and con-
gressiOual tickets this year. r. W. MopdeiI.
present. representative. Is the Republican
nominee, In this State he Is given credit
for securing the passage OF the national
irrigation measure. ard for this reason IS
expected 10 lead all others on his ticket. The
Democratic nominee 3 c. p. Clemmo1a
present Mayor Of Saratoga. The Republican
ticket Is headed by DeForest Rfchards.
present Governor. lnd the Democratic ncmi-
nee is George T. Beck. a nephew Of the late
Senator Beck Of Kentucky.
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1902-10-26


Boston. Mass. Oct. 5-The entire Re
publican State ticket % Massachusetts will
be elected. although the plurality Of John
l. Bates Repl FOR Governor will he cut
down very materially by William 4 Castor,
tn. Democratic candidate. on account q
Personal considerations national questions
cutting no figure. In the congressional
fights there T. iitlie public discussion OF na-
tional questions. The Cuban reciprocity and
Philippines questions are entirely ignored.
The revision OF the tariT and the trust mat
ter. as amplihcd IN the coal situation. are
the only issues which viii adect the re-
suit q the vote. The latter are causes OF
undoubted anxiety upon the part % the Re
publican party managers. and VIII ma
tertliv help the DemocraUic candidates
The present representation IN Congress Is
composed OF ten Republicans and three
Democrats Under the redistricting the
delegation will uumher fourteen. one 81 the
districts being skill safely Deul0crauc- From
atvices received Il is ukely that the Re
pubilcans will elect eleven Representatives.
the Democrats two and one district In
doubt. with the chances fayorlng a Demo
g-at
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1902-10-26

laboring man cries for a 5 or 70 per cent
Increase IN his pay and a little leisure time
TIL State Legislature Is very much IN
doubt. and II Patfison makes a sweep
which Is not az All improbable, Pennsyiva-
MIA Is likely 20 elect a Democratic Legisla-
ture and be represented in the United
States Senate hy a Democrat. who viii sue
coed Senator Peurose.
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1902-10-26

Gratis eiected tleE state uehtt ~ A.ro
plurality.
Carson. Nev. Oet- Two tickets are N
the Geld for the election In November They
are the Republican and the Fusion. the lat
ter being composed Of Democrats and sill
veriteE some OF the silver men who have
heretofore voted with the Democrats are
again claiming their allegiance To the Re
publican partv and will cast their ballots
FOR the Republican nominees on election
There i but one congressional district In
the Saeehrush state. pad u IS likely that
The Fusion candidate Clarence D. Nan1use.
vii be elected hy from 100 20 i.51u ma
jarty. The Republicans. owever viii not
ccrccde NanduseTs election. and say that
2 s Harrington will give him a battle
royal and wrest the victory from him
\ Fusion legislature Wil % all likelihood
he chosen. and indications point to :he sl@--
tiun OF ConErcssrnan Francis O. Newlands
ns United States Senator Thomas = -Haw-
ley r. IN the contest FOR the senatorshiu and
George T Mills Chairman Of the Republic
an State Central Committee. when asked
for his opinion Of the senatorial situation.
said
The fight between New'andS and Hawlpv
Will be close. but Hawicy viii win" There
is scarcely any doubt that the f~-slonist
STATE ticket. headed by John Sparks DEM
FOR Governor viii carry the day but By
small majorltieS"
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1902-10-26
cnInRAnn-

Colorado elects a State ticket. a LeRfsia-
ture. which VII choose a successor to Sera-
tor Teller. and three Representatives. Fusion
carried the State for Governor no 100 by
8.To plurality. There Is no fusion row.
Denver. Colo. Oct. 5-For the first time
In its history Colorado will vote this year
for three Representatives. For the first
time. also, In many years the Democrats
have a straight ticket. having refused this
year TO fuse with the Populists. Socialists.
Silver Republicans. etc.
Both the Democrats and Republicans
claim victory The chances seem 20 favor
the election Of the Republican State ticket
and the Democratic congressional nominees.
The piuralines are likely to be smal IN any
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1902-10-26

Boise. Idaho. Oct. 5-The congressional
contest In this State is between Joseph II.
Hutchinson CDem1 and Burton L French
Repl The situation strongly favors the
Republicans. and u Is probable they Will
years agO. but claims are very conflicting
4 full State ticket l. 10 be elected. The
Democratic Ticket ls headed b. Governor
Frank V. Hunt His Republican oppon-
ent Is John T. Morrison. II - probable that
the Republican ticket VIII be elected In It's
entirety. hut the Democrats are very on
hdent. They have sustained losses from
the fusion strength % two years ago. and
II does not seem possible that they can
save themselves from defeat by 100 10 500.
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1902-10-26

Rep Eec plurality ard ZOO for the
Republican legislative ticket.
Trenton. y. J. oct 5-Interest in the
State election centers In the contests for
seats IN Congress. Up to the time Of Presi-
dent Roosevelt's successful efforts 20 end
the coal strike. the outlook from Republic
an viewpoint was rPther gloomy, but the
outcome % those efforts had had a mar
velOus eject In clearing and Frightening
the political skfes. and the Republican Lead
ers now feel hopeful and even confident
The Republicans Nill elect a majority OF
the A~sFenbiymen and control the IeEis-
iaturs In both branches. There will b. no
Cnitcd States Senator TO elect next winter.
but the state Senators chosen tbs year will
have a E9te for the successor to Senator
The Republicans viii control the next
House OF Assembly by a large majority.
Edward G Stokes acting chairman OF
the Republican State COMMITTEES. expresses
The belief that the Republicans will carry
eight Of the ten congressional districts. and
possibly nine. He says there IS no reason
why che party ahou1c not have as large a
majority this year a. IL lad IN the guber-
Material election Of 1906.
William 3. Gourley. chairman Of the
DSmocrauc State Committee. maintains that
the Democrats Will carry at least four OF
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1902-10-26

Fargo. y. D. oct. $-The indications are
that the total vote In North Dakota Will
not be more than - per cent OF the vote at
the last election. The Republican vote IS
expected 10 hold Up vel. which would give
their candidate FOR Representative about
ZOO majority and the State ticket 1000.
with White for Governor running some
what behind Great ado Is being made by
the Democrats on Governor Whites po-
sition in the merger and nothing Is being
left undoue 10 promote Major Cronan's
chances. but leading politicians insist that
Cronau Will not get as many votes as Wip-
peTman did twO years ago.
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1902-10-26

since 196-
Louisville, Ky, Oct S-with no State
Officers 10 be elected, f. IS reasonable TO
suppose that the total vote In Kentucky
will fall considerably below the usual
figure. The elections for Appellate Judges.
Railroad COMMISSIONS and Circuit JUICES
inject activity into the campaign in epots
only. The question OF regulation ct the
trusts has been generally agttated IN the
State. and has served 10 unite the factions
Of the Democratic party rather more nrm-
~ than any issue which has arisen since
the successive party divisions on the silver
question n -Goebelism."
A new scheme iE threatened. however. on
the question OF eligibility OF Governor
Beckham for denomination. which is being
discussed With come bitterness a year in
advance OF the Nominating Convention.
atlu TO effect q settlement Of the coal
strike would have had the effect Of in
creaEing the Democratic vote IN the mining
districts which are normally Republican,
but that would have been a matter OF small
moment, There is but one really close race
In the State. and that Is wholly within the
city OF Louisville and Jefferson County.
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1902-10-26

Salt Lake. Utah. oct S.-The result Of
the election IN Utah r. uncertain. with In
dicatious favortle Republican success. The
principal interest cen;ers In the legislative
ticket. as a successor 20 Senator j. l.
Rawlins is 10 be chosen. The situation -
complicated hy the candidacy Of Apostle
Reed Smooth Nearly all the Republican
nominees are pledged 10 him. The mana
gers Of the Republican campaign are con-
ndent that thev viii win and that there will
be a good majority on a joint ballot in the
LEGISLATURE.
II the Republicans poll the ful party vote
Joseph Howell should he elected % Congress
hy 2oo mail-Lty over W u KIM NDenlL-
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1902-10-26
TEXAS.

Dallas. Tex, Oct 8-rexas will elect a
Governor and other State .oncers. a Leg
hslature and sixteen Representatives. There
VIII be a Democratic sweep, and the dele
Eaton 10 Congress az usual, Will be soiidiy
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1902-10-26
DELAWARE.

Delaware will elect a Treasurer and Au-
ditor. a legislature that will Ill the two
vacant seats in the United States Senate.
and one Representative In 1870 the Repub-
hcans elected their Governor BY a plurality
Of ISIS.
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1902-10-26

The b~ook-keeper's
occupation renders
him specially liable to
stomach trouble. The
hasty breakfast. the
rquick lunch,1 the
long hours spent in
stOoping over journal
and ledger. with lack
Of exercise, all tend
to the arrangement Of
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1902-10-26
VEST VIRGINIA

West Virginia elects i've Congressman and
Wheeling, ". Va, Oct. &-Coutinued
SSMmeIcEl has removed West
Virginia further than ever from the line OF
the doubtful States BsDeciaIly in recent
months has prosperity been felt on account
e he vastly Increased demand Tor sofs
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1902-10-26

Awe,ey L Jones. s-wn- F. csshnaa,
,-wm- z Humphrey. P
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1902-10-26
MICHIGAN.

James Mcmillan and twelve Representa-
lives Bliss tRep) was elected Governor In
1880 by N,S4 plurality.
Detroit. Mich, Oct. 2-The Republicans
viii carry Michigan this year by a majority
which may be c-onservarveiy at
5000 In the election this year IL Is prob
able the vote will be very light. The stay
at-homes viii be both Republicans and
Democrats.
HoweveE. the Republicans are making a
vigorous mpai While the contrary IS
true OF their opponents The Democrats
have been unfortunate in having been
Obliged to substitute L 7. Duraud by ac-
ton of the committee In place OF Judge
George n. Durand. the convention nominee
for Governor. who later withdrew on ac-
count OF suffering a stroke OF PARALYSIS. IL
Is conceded Governor Bliss will be re-eIect-
ed. although undoubtedly by a Ersaty re-
duced plurality.
Prehent indications seem to point 20 the
election Of all the Republican congressional
candidates. although local conditions IN the
city Of Detroit. In which the First District
lies. may defeat Representative Coriiss.
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1902-10-26
UTAH.
VIRGINIA.
COMPREHENSIVE POLL OF THE STATES,
WITH bipartisan FORECAST OF RESULTS

sanguine Tone Pervades the Statements Of Democratic State Chair
men. Committeeman and Editors, While the Men Who Are hi
recting the Campaign for the Republicans Complain Of
Apathy and Express Doubt Where They Have
Been Won't TO Claim Everything.
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1902-10-26
UTAH.

T-ah viii elect q Saprsue Court Judge. :
legislature which viii choose a successor
TO Senator Rawlins and one REPRESENTATIVE
In 1900 the Republicans elected the Gov
ernOr by 2i53 plurality.
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1902-10-26
WISCONSIN.

Wisconsin elects a Governor. State
officers a Legislature, which viii I'll Sen
ator SpooneTs seat and eleven Congress
men The State has been heavily Repub-
hcan since 1894.
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1902-10-26
WYOMING.
WYOMING.

Ou@RspubHcan.
At LarEt-F- ". AondeI. P
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1902-10-26
PENNSYLVANIA.

Pennsylvania will elect State officers.
one-hGf OF its Senate and its House az
Representatives. The LEGISLATURE will
choose a United States Senator 10 succeed
Boies Penrose RepD, whose term will ex-
pire March ;. 1870.
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1902-10-26
NORTH DAKOTA.

North Dakota will elect a State ticket. a
Legislature. which will choose a successor
10 Senator HauSbrough. and two Repre-
sentatives- In 1850 the Republicans elected
their Governor by H61T plurality.
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1902-10-26
WASHINGTON

Washington win elect a Supreme Court
Judge, a Legislature which VIII name A
sueeessos 70 Senator Turner and three Rep
resentatives.
In 1900 Mckinley carried the State by u
81 but the Democratic State ticket won
by 3.1+L
Seattle. Wash, Oct. Kit Is the general
impression that Washington viii be car
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1902-10-26
VERMONT.
WASHINGTON.

T-9RsPaSnosnE 49,
-. J Foster. n. fSKitiriese HasEanA !
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1902-10-26

Massachusetts Will elect 4 State ticket
and fourteen Representatives. II 1891 the
Republicans carried the state BY u.+4' plu'
Tality.
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1902-10-26
MINNESOTA

Minnesota viii eject a State ticket and
nine Representatives. In 1870 the Repub-
licans elected their Governor by 23A plural
fly.
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1902-10-26
NEW YORK.

New York elects a full State ticket. a
Legislature that viii choose a successor 10
Senator Thomas {. Plat and thirty-sven
Representatives. Mr.. Odell carried the
State in 1850 by Tu.eD plurality. and in 800
the United Republican Assembly plutalities
were 13Oo0 TO the Harlem.
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1902-10-26
mLINnIS.

Illinois WI elect minor STATE oBcer. q
legislature, which will choose q successor
to Senator Mason and twenty-five Represen-
taiiveS
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1902-10-26
WEST VIRGINIA.

Ia 3. psverner. r
"a. q. Dayton. P CJGA A Hughes, 7
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1902-10-26
IDAHO.

Idaho will elect a State ticket. a.Legisi3-
ture. which viii choose a successor TO Sena-
1870 the Democrats carried the State b.
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1902-10-26
NEVADA.

Nevada Wil elect State officers. a Legisla-
ture TO choose "A Successor TO Senator Far
and one representative In lSs the Demo
Gratis elected their state ticket BY i.fS
plurality.
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1902-10-26
CONNECTICUT

Connecticut elects a full State ticket. a
LEGISLATURE. which will choose a SUCCESSOR
20 Senator .. H. Plat. and five Representa-
lives In 1900 the Connecticut Republicans
elected their Governor by 1902 plurality