Arizona republican., 1902-01-06

CTS. burning five hundred farmhouses and killing or driving away one hun dred and seventeen thousand head of cattle and sheep. All the districts sent burgher commanders, and the com bined forces whipped the natives.
 The British abolished slavery at the Cape in 1884. voting s1OO. .0O0 900 to com pensate the slave owners. and granting them the right to apprentice their slaves for four years, after which the negroes should be free. The British committed a mistake and an injustice in declaring the compensation payable in London. Spectators. who knew that Dutch burgher would rather have S1O in hand than promise of $500 tomorrow, ran through the country buying the burgh- CTS claims at half their value Two years later, when the term of negro apprenticeship was half over, the fa- nous Great Trek Of the burghers be- gan. The real purpose of the trek was quite as much to carry their slaves away and continue to own them as to rid themselves of British rule. The burghers made the great trek in three parties The rest, or Albany party, was wiped out by the natives and by the death of those who escaped slaughter. The second. or Colesburgh party, was attacked by Matabeles. The burgher vanguard of his band was almost en- tirely destroyed, and the main body lost
 
 and sheep. The third, the Graaff Reinet party, arrived soon after this massacre and defeated the natives. T..c fourth body went into Natal
 The British proclaimed sovereignty over the Free State in 1s4s, and 400 fighting burghers gathered to force the English resident to leave Bloemfontein. British troops were sent up from Cape Town and the Dutch gave them bat tie for three hours, then fled. From 1850 to 1852 Free Staters had continual fighting with the natives and in 1854 the English governor reported the Free State ''only fit for wild beasts" where upon the English withdrew from it and it became Dutch republic.
 Farther north the Transvaal Dutch had been wholly unable to agree among themselves and had. set up four re- publics. Each of the four republics declared each of the others rebels. Young Pretorius. son of the first leader of that name, was at the head of one little republic. In order to make him. self stronger he decided to conquer the innocent and happy Free State and force it into a union with his party so that he could have strength enough to bring his quarrelsome neighbors to his terms. What he did was almost precise ly like the Jameson raid of 1896. He and Paul Kruger, as joint leaders of a commando, crossed the Vaal river and invaded the Free State. President Boshoff gathered 800 armed .horsemen and marched to mee the invaders. Both forces met at the Rhenoster river, near Kroonstadt, and the Free Staters put their artillery in position and were just about to fire when Paul Kruger walked into their camp with a flag of truce. A treaty was signed in which Pretorius acknowledged the illegality of his action and engaged that it should never be repeated.
 From 1860 to 1869 the Transvaal re- public was given up to lawlessness and strife. Dutch quarreled with Dutch and Dutch fought Dutch. In the course of one quarrel Paul Kruger and another man headed some troops who lombard ed Potchefstroom for three days. Dis order approaching anarchy continued until 1864, when President Pretorius of the Transvaal. who, in 1860, had asked for a six months leave of absence and had got himself elected as president of the Free State, returned to the pres idency of the Transvaal and restored peace. But the government was penni- less, the farmers refused to pay taxes. the paper money was worthless and the negro neighbors were defiant. Th= republic got into a desperate plight and petitioned Great Britain to annex it to the crown. This was done in 1877. The British promised the people that they should be governed by their own coun- sel and laws, but this promise was broken Then came the first war with the British in 1881, when the bloody battle of Majuba Hill was won by the Dutch and the English granted them their independence.