Arizona republican., 1902-12-21

III lIG 1UGy sui SGN III d HlA5hNS stream as far north as southwestern Colorado. and there their progress was stayed for some unaccountable reason.
 The present Pueblo Indians of Ari- zona and New Mexico are their de- scendants, of which the Hopi and Zuni pueblos are the most perfect types, both as to mode of living and habits generally. They were not AZtecs in any event. They knew absolutely noth- ing of metals of any sort, not the least evidence of such having ever been found in any of their ruins. They un- dcrstood the art of glazing pottery which their descendants have entirely lost.
 They are a distinct and separate peo- pie from the moundbuilders Of the eastern part of the United States, all though several writers have worked out a very pretty argument in support of the theory that the moundbuilders and the cliffdwellers were one and the same people, taking as the basis for their argument the various mounds made in the shape of animals. The serpent mound, for instance, they con- meet with the snake clan of the Hopis, and other forms with the various other clans among that people. But there seems too great a gap between the last of the southwestern ruins and the most westerly of the moundbuilders' works. | One thing more, and that is the tend ency to eXaggerate the architectural grandeur of these ruins. Only a few 1 days ago the papers reported the dis coYery in the Mancos canyon in Colo rado of a great historic palace" with a temple" near it. Such things are simply ridiculous, for it is seldom that any rooms ever found are more than fifteen feet square and more are ten than fifteen, while at the very best the rudest Mexican huts of today are more satisfactory from an architectural standpoint than the finest prehistoric dwelling yet discovered. Tn fact they were and are mere novels. as are the houses of the Zunis, Hopis and other pueblos today.
 It was in the sixteenth century that the Spaniards first explored the region now called Arizona and New Mexico. These explorers found there the home not only of several wild and rowing tribes of the class denominated say ages. but of an aboriginal people much further advanced in progress toward NiN AilHdllCI lIdl any other region north oi central Mexico. They were an agri- cultural people dwelling in several storied buildings of stone or adobe. These are the oldest continually inhab- ited structures on the continent and these Pueblo Indians are probably more nearly in their original condition than any other American tribes. In their sixteenth century explorations the Standards fnrIDd hundred of the pueblo towns still in habited. Most of the towns cannot be definitely located, but as groups they present but slight difficulties. and they covered substantially the same terri tory then as now. In the seventeenth century during the wars following sue cessful revolt against the Spaniards. many of the towns were destroyed. the number being reduced during that period, or little later, to about twenty five.
 Three hundred years ago the world was filled with rumors of wonderful discoveries by land and by sea. Time will not permit me to speak of these in detail, but I will mention a few of the early events that affected Arizona
 In 1521 Cabeza de Vaca was the first European who ever stood On Arizona SOIL The story of his long journey across the continent, beginning in l52', his strange adventures, dangers and privations will never lose their in- terest.
 In 1859 Marcos de Viza wrote an ex- aggerated account of crossing the des- ert and first seeing the great cities of the Pueblos.
 In l54O Coronado with an army tray ersed the whole of New Mexico This was the most important of any expedi- tion.
 In 1880 the missionary efforts of Friar Ruiz and his companions led to the rescue of the monks in the expedi tion of Espejo.
 In 1862 the brilliant expedition of Penalosa across the great plains.
 In l5SO the natives made a successful revolt and drove the Spaniards from the country
 Tn 1856 the Spaniards obtained a new supremacy by the final subjugation of the natives These matters continued. except when aroused by Indian trou- bles. They improved their surround lngs and amassed property and wealth for many years.
 In 1S37 an insurrection which resulted i'4 NiiS rNiiiiilS Ol lle governor and other nigh officials and the proclamation of Pueblo Indian as provisional gover- nor.
 In 1S47 the American army under General Kearney entered the territory and a provisional government was es- tablished. The sufferings of the early explorers is beyond the power oi pen to describe. The operations of the missionaries filed no small part in the early history of our country
 In 1906 the king issued an order for the establishment at Monterey of a supply station for the East Indies. but It was never executed and nothing fur ther toward settlement was attempted until 1883, when Admiral Otondo head ed an expedition, by water, to take possession of the country. He landed at La Paz, erected d church and made that his headquarters. Father Kino was in charge of the religious part of the enterprise and set about learning the Indian language, and soon trans lated into their tongue the creeds of the Catholic church. This lasted about three years, when they were visited by bcF