Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1902-11-03

dertake to propagate his own trees for
planting. The usual method of propoga-
ton is by planting the seed, but this plan
Is only undertaken by extensive growers
and nurserymen. The simplest method
for securing young trees from valuable
varieties Is by budding. This operation
is done during the growing season OF the
young plant and Is easily performed by
those who are familiar with the process.
Budding can be done either In June or
late fall Another method is BY grating.
many varieties OF which are used by farm.
ers in different sections of the country
The different plans consist OF splice graf
ing. root grating and cleft grating.
One OF the best formulas for grating
wax Is the following: Resin to parts,
beeswax 10 TO parts. and linseed oil
to 10 parts. Melt the whole into one
mass and when cooled down so as to
handle, draw IL out into thin strips and APP
ply by wrapping IL firmly around the stock
where the graft is inserted. or the melted
mass may be spread out on thin strips Of
muslin or good paper and when cool cut
into strips Of sufficient size and length
needed. Another plan is to melt the com
bination of ingredients named in a vessel
and while at a temperature Of $50 de-
grees apply 10 the grated stock with
small bristle brush. keeping the vessel
containing the grating wax in another
NEE<EA OF NOT water ~ oo ~ ACNR ~ 49,
desired temperature.
Locating the Orchard.
All farms do not OF course AFFORD the
best soils and exposures for the best
growth and development OF orchards. But
on nearly every farm some portions of the
land is more acceptable and better adap-
ted for the purposes here desired than
others. hence a familiarity With this de-
partment of the business is most likely
to lead 20 best results.
There is q difference of opinion in the
minds Of apple growers as to the best
location and exposure for the orchard, the
] preponderance of experience, however
seems TO favor a gentle eastern or north
| eastern slope. as orchards located on such
sites seem TO suffer less from heat ana
droughth. An orchard so located viii
suffer less and maintain its vigor and
longevity better than when planted on
land inclined to the west or southwest.
This fact has been especially demon
strated in the south where the summers
are long, hot and dry. If possible the site
chosen for the orchard should also be To-
Gated on an elevation higher than the
surrounding premises thereby obtaining
| free circulation OF air and as safeguard
| against late spring frosts which are often
! times so fatal to young fruit I'm the bloom
ing season. The trees will thrive and do
well on most any kind Of soil properly
prepared, but a loamy soil, naturally rich
in plant food. deeply plowed and the sub
! soil broken is most desirable. Hard clay
| soils need to be plowed often so as to
keep them puiverized and prevent pack
| ing, especially during long seasons OF
| drought Sandy soils are not desirable be-
| cause they are often lacking in plant food
| and do not hold the fertilizers applied so
well as more compact soils do.
Fresnly cleared hard timber lands hav-
4 2 a
best all round locations which can be Sc
cured for orchard sites. IT is necessary
that good drainage should be secured, as
no apple orchard can long endure stag
nant surface water, or water locked up
within the soils. Barnyard manure is the
best complete fertilizer for the apple or
chard when 1t can be secured in suffi-
cient quantities. Next in order comes un-
Ieached wood asnes. II Is stated on good
authority that one ton OF unleached wood
| ashes contains as much plant food as hye
/ tons OF barnyard manure and where the
ashes can be obtained Il is best to use
them. In the use OF commercial fertil-
izers a formula containing the following
| proportions OF the three most important
elements OF plant food is preferable.
Phosphoric acid available. 9 per cent.
Nitrogen. -. .... 80. ........ per cent
Potash 30. .... 49,. .... .... ....l0 per cent.
Apply this formula at the rate of four
to five hundred pounds per acre broadcast
| The need OF manurial constituents can be
| determined when the terminal branches OF
the tree fail 20 make an annual extension
Of at least u inches. Prepare the land for
the orchard by deep blowing in the fall.
The proper distance apart for planting is
50 by 20 feet. lay of the rows 40 feet
apart and set the trees 81 feet apart in the
rows This Will amord ample room for
| growing crops for several years between
the rows. and also allow for full and
l free circulation OF air and abundance OF
light. both Of which are highly essential
in the production OF apples.
Selection of Varieties.
In the proper selection OF trees largely
| depends the future success Of the orchard
| Strong. vigorous one or two year old trees
having well developed roots are prefer
able. II is also advisable TO purchase the
stock from a nearby nurseryman, because
the damage resulting from long transit
and the injurious effects from decided
changes in climate will be avoided In
addition to this the expense Of middlemen
and agents is saved. and mistakes are less
likely to occur. AS to varieties, the best
plan to. pursue is to inquire OF neighbors
/ who have orchards. and find out the
/ names Of those varieties which develop
best I'm such localities. Some varieties do
/ better in certain localities than others.
| For South Carolina, northern tlOrlua
/ Georgia. Alabama. Mississippi. Louisiana
and Texas, the following varieties are
/ suggested: Red Astrachan. Early Har-
vest. Summer Queen, Horse, Ben Davis,
i Shockley. Red June, Yellow June, Fall
/ Pippin. Hoover, swinship and Yates. This
/ collection includes varieties adapted for
/ both home use and marketing. In plant
/ ing. opuen a furrow for the rows. and
i cross check to indicate the point at
/ which the trees should be set. When
/ planting cut back the top TO about is in
ches from the roots, cutting OF all bro
/ ken or bruised roots smoothly. Straighten
out the roots in a natural position at the
| spot selected for planting. and fill in
among them with fine soil and tramp
/ down firmly. The tree should be set in
the orchard a little deeper than IL grew
/ I'm the nursery. leaving the stock slightly
i 10 the south or southwest.
After planting. all up the burrows be-
tween the trees by blowing. Stirring the
soil by culture at frequent intervals is
necessary to success. An orchard not
/ properly cared for Will soon die out and
become a failure.
Gathering and Storing.
II the crop is to be gathered for ship
| ping to market the fruit should be pulled
when the seed are ripe, IL for home use
/ the apples can be left until they begin
to mellow. The different sizes should be
sorted out. and only sound specimens care
Il fully hacked AWAY for winter keenfnQ