Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1902-07-02
Almost Phenomenal Develop
ment of the Industry.
TENDENCY TO COMBINE
BULLETINS ISSUED BY THE CEN
SUS BUREAU.
Average Yearly Travel Of Every Per-
son in the United States Gil Miles
Agricultural Statistics.


Ohio and Kentucky. The following eX-
tracts indicate the substance Of each report:
As to the report on slaughtering and meat
packing. the report says that the develop
ment of this industry during the past half
century has been almost phenomenal. The
settlement of the western country and the
consequent expansion of territory devoted to
stock raising; the extension of railroads and
the increased facility of communication; the
methods devised to insure preservation Of
meats, such as improved methods Of curing,
and the introduction and improvement of
mechanical and chemical processes Of re-
frigeration, rendering summer packing pos
sible; the utilization of every part of the
animal, and the adoption Of 1abor-saving
devices are among the factors taat have
contributed to It's growth. The report con-
tinueS:
In the fifty years the number of estab-
lishments increased from 1S5 to 921; the cap
ital invested, from 81, 800 to S1S9, 1913 264;
the number of wage-earnerS, from 3,216 to
6So34: the wages paid, from 81 ,231 $50 to
So, 437 .O13; the cost of materials used, from
50 AL .o96 to S6Se' .5S3577, and the value of
products from S11 9Si .642 to $IS5, So, 433. The
average amount of capital invested per
tablishment grew from S1S.S24 In 1850 to
S205.427 in 1900: the average yearly earn
ingS Of the wage-earners grew from $316
to $4SS. and the average value of products
SS32.94J- The growth was steady.
The Statistics in 1880.
During the ten years covered by the
eighth census, taken in 1860, the center of
the meat industry was at Cincinnati and in
the Ohio valley. The average amount Of
capital invested per establishment increased
from S1s,s24 to 1921, or 1854 per cent,
while the average value of products per
establishment increased from S64, 1856 to
S11361o or 1J5 per cent. From that time
concentration In definite centers was a
marked feature of the growth: The effect
of the industrial crisis of 1857, with it's
wholesale reduction of wages, Is seen by
the difference in the average yearly wage
paid in 1850 and 1860. In 1850 it was 1916.
which decreased to 500 in 1860 decrease
Of 1913 per cent The winter packing in
eight principal western centers grew from
10000 hogs in 1850 to 1872. $40 hogs in 1860.
Progress of Concentration.
I'm the tenth decade 0S9O-19OO) the
progress of concentration went steadily on
In 1900 there were 921 establishments, with
an invested capital of $3.50. 19S. 1884, an
average capital of S2O5, 427. as against LIS
establishments in 1885, with capital Of
S1l6Ssl ,5O4. and an average of S104,551 in
vested per establishment, or an increase
in the individual establishment in the ten
years of $50 per cent. These figures show
liitS per W NC the IlOSl Tdplu III us leHu-
ency toward concentra ton. The more ex-
tended use and consequent increased OPP
Grating expenses of the refrigerator car
system. owned by the packers, explains
part of the increase In the miscellaneous
expenses. In 1880 the miscellaneous ex-
penses Were 2.S per cent of the value of the
product and 81 per cent in 1860. The larg-
est percentage of increase appears in the
number of women and children employed
and the wages paid them. The number of
women employed increased 1878 per cent,
and their wages 1919 per cent: the number
of children employed increased 1881 per
cent, and their wages 1868 per cent.
Railway Manufacture.
The 1861 establishments represented in
the summary of railroad manufactures
with a capital of s2O7 9O4,125 and a product
aggregating sos. 74s.457. employed 2o7 1O5
wage earners during the census year To
these employees the sum of s113Oi9623 was
paid In wages. In addition to the wage
earners. employment was given to s,462
salaried officials, clerks, etc, to whom SAL
aries amounting to s7.74S,379 were paid.
There was expended by these establish
ments for miscellaneous expenses 50, 131 ,216.
and for the total cost Of materials utilized
in the manufacture of the product $1I1 ,2Sl,-
100
THE service of railroads in the United
States may perhaps be best shown by the
statement that during 1900 the passenger
mileage amounted to upward Of 100000
900 miles, journey Of 211 miles per capita
for the population of the country. The ton
mileage Of freight amounted to Ia, 500, Co.,
900 tons.
There were 1862 wage earners en-
ployed in railroad repair shops. who re-
ceived 500. O62, 329: that Is. 1913 per cent
of the total number of wage earners en-
gagged In this industry were employed by
establishments operated by railroad COM
panies, and received IS per cent Of the
total wages.
Boot and Shoe Making.
The reports as to boots and shoes show
capital of s1O1, 795, 233 invested In the manu-
facture of boots and shoes This sum rep
resents the value of land, buildings, ma
chlnery, tools and implements, and the live
capital utilized, but does not include the
capital stock of any of the manufacturing
corporations of the state. The value of the
products is returned at s261 ,O2S,5S0 to pro-
duce which involved an outlay OF S,731'-
749 for salaries of officials, clerks. ETC.:
$50 175.SS3 for wages; $40. 766. 4O2 for miscel-
laneous expenses. including rent, taxes.
etc. and $3.50, 6O4054 for materials used.
mill supplies, freight and fuel.
From 1890 to 1900 the average number
Of wage carriers increased from 133,G90 to
142. 922. a gain of 1882, or SO per cent: the
total wages paid decreased from $50 SCI, 145
10 $50 175.S loss of 81 .491, 262, or 20 per
cent. and the value of products increased
from s220.6i9.35s to $281 .02s, $50. a gain Of
$40, 1873, ODD.
While the manufacture Of boots and
shoes in other sections of the United States
has made marked progress, New England
still maintains the lead In the industry, the
output for that section in 1900 representing
595 per cent OF the total for the United
States. The output of the factories of
Massachusetts for 1900 was Silt lie, 243 CT
449 per cent of the total for the entire
country. compared with 52.7 per cent In
1890. a decrease of 7.S per cent, although
showing a small increase over thu value
Of the products of the state for the dec
ade."
Farms OF Wisconsin.
THE farms Of Wisconsin June 1, 1900
numbered 1853. 795 and were valued at $685.
1850 OF this amount 1855 ,6O4. 97O. or
22.7 per cent. represents the value Of build
ings. and s53o,542.69O or 77.3 per cent. the
value Of the land and Improvements other
than buildings. On the same date the
value of farm implements and machinery
was s29.2SI,O lO. and of live stock $96, 327 $40
These values, added to that of FARMS give
SSH, 112,3l9, the total value Of farm prop