davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1902-08-12
COMING OF PIONEERS.

COMING OF PIONEERS.
Time was, and not at so very remote
a period either, when the ground upon
which we stand was the bed Of a
mighty lake. or a great inlet OF the
Pacific ocean. You can easily see the
marks upon the mountain sides. show
ing where for thousands of years the
waters wore their impress upon the ev-
erlasting adamant But the great de-
presslons and the grand eminences had
another and better destiny than that Of
magnificent listlessness. and when It
was drawing toward the time for the
gates, which held In restraint the new
era, 10 be swung aside, the waters be-
gan TO fall Slowly. imperceptibly, the
vast volume narrowed and fell. this
process continuing until all that re-
mained was the comparatively small.
but yet individually large BODY which
Is described by its name Then the
avant cOuriers OF our country's newer
civilization. the Utah pioneers, came
upon the scene and here they pitched
their tents as a preliminary to their
permanent habitation The soil was
hard and uuyelding. but by dlnt Of un-
firing and intelligent labor and by the
came fruitful and the community grew.
Then the crags were stormed and the
hidden treasures Of the ages were drag
ged forth into the light OF day and their
wealth poured into the Ian
OF commerce; and now upon
the bed Of the ocean. upon the floor Of
the desert the met3mOrnhOsei scene
smiles to you rs greeting while the
A. D 10
pioneers are extended 10 you In the
warm grasp Of genuine western vel
come.
PATRIOTISM AND EDUCATION
II is a happy. homogeneous. eullght-
ened people you have come amongst
AS nure gold is refined by fire. So the
early settlers and their descendants
have been refined and educated and
made nohler and truer by the hardshlps
they have endured our public schools
have attained n proficiency second 10
none IN the United States. and the arts
and sciences flourish here as conspic-
uously as in any community Of the
same age In the world Patriotism.
that great test Of American citizenship.
has burned In the breasts OF our people
from the day the pioneers first planted
the stars and stripes upon yonder en-
sign peak end took possession Of the
land then Mexican soil. In the name OF
the United States OF America down
through the years when the call was
made for volunteers in the war with
Spain. which was responded 10 by our
sturdy sons with such unanlmity that
only a small portion OF those who OF. |
fered themselves could be enlisted un. |
der the allotment allowed US by the |
government; and In the far OF islands |
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1902-08-12

fll " 'S 60, d. so,, .4 man . ca :. e..
M ~ sa ,laI q, yoar adtoshng more Elective
iasn 10 & -----
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1902-08-12
GRAND EXAI I'D RULER.

elcome as new potatoes.
The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, 1902-07-30

We have only three Refrigerators
on hand and have cut the price to
make them go.
S. M. & E. FL. Wilkes.
The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, 1902-07-30
CHARGED WITH MURDER.
Bill Caldwell Accused of killing Jerry
BarksdaIe.

The Newberry Observer of Friday
says:
1.-THE Observer reported at the time
that jerry Barksdale, colored, was
killed by a train on the G.. O. & N. rail
road n mile west of Whitmire on July
4th. The coroner's inquest so found.
The body was badly mangled by the
cars and there was then no suspicion of
foul play.
"Since then the dead mans mother,
who lives at Laurens, has charged a
negro named Bill Caldwell with killing
him. 1t seems that Caldwell and
B~arksdale land a woman had gone to
Whitmire the 3rd of July from Chester.
1t is now thought there was some trou-
BILE about the woman A suspicious
circumstance claimed is that Caldwell
denied after the dead body was found
that he had seer Jerry Barksdale, but
1t develops that when he denied it he
had the hat and Overalls of the dead
man in his possession, and the overalls
are said to have blood on them.
"The mother of the dead man swore
out q warrant before Magistrate FAINT
at W.hitmire charging Caldwell with
h killing. He was arrested on Satur-
day night in Laurens by Sheriff Duck
EFT, and Sheriff Buford sent up there
for him on Tuesday and now has him In
Newberry iail."
The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, 1902-07-30
COUNTY COMMISSIONER.

COUNTY COMMISSIONER.
L respectfully myself a
candidate for member of the board of
county commissioners. subject to the
Democratic primary
7 John III. Hunter.
we authorized to a. w.
Sims us IL candidate for County Com
missioner, subject to the Democratic
Primary.
The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, 1902-07-30
For House or REPRESENTATIVE:

cOlS bOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVE:
We are authorized to announce the
name of w. @. Irby, Jr., as q candi-
date for the House of Representatives,
subject to the Democratic Prima ry.
am a candidate for reelection to
the State Legislature, under the rules
OF the Democratic party, and will res
p%ectfully abide the result Of the pri
mary with as much cheer as L can.
t II. w NICHOLS.
The friends of DR.. B. Il. Godfrey ar
nounce him as a candidate for the
House of Representatives, subject to
the Democratic primary. /
Jared ID. Sullivan is announced as q
candidate for the House of Represen-
tatives, subject to the Democratic pr.-
mary. +
| am a candidate for re-, lection to
the House of Representatives, and will
cheerfully abide the result of the pri-
mary election. II. a. COOPER.
L respectfully myself as a
candidate for reelection to the State
Legislature, under the rules of the
Democratic party.
l.. u. MCGOWAN,
The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, 1902-07-30
For AUDITORS:

respectfully announce myself as a
candidate for the onlce of County
Auditor, subject to the Democratic
primary
t b. +. Ballew.
The friends of @. A. Power, appre-
ciating his competency for the position
respectfully suggest his name to the
voters of the county in the approaching
Democratic primary for the Office OF
Auditor.
t Friends in Dials and Youpgs.
Having been very strongly solicited,
| therefore offer myself a candidate
for the Office of Auditor subject to the
Democratic primary.
w. SANFORD KNIGHT.
Without disparaging the claims Of
any candidate, we respectfully suggest
the name of G. w. L, league, a bat
t~le-scarred Confederate soldier, for the
cfice Of County Auditor, subject to
the Democratic primary.
I VOTER.
w. l.. Ferguson Is announced as a
candidate for reelection to the Office
of County Auditor, subject to the
Democratic primary.
The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, 1902-07-30
For PROBATE JUDGE.

The friends of O.. G. Thompson, ap-
preciating his efficiency as a public Of
dcia], respectfully present his name
to the voters OF Ltaurens county for re-
election to the Office of Probate Judge,
subject TO the result Of the Democratic
primary. FRIENDS. +
announce myself q candidate for
the Office of Judge of Probate, subject
to the rules of the Democratic pri-
mary. t JOHN M. CLARDY.
The friends OF w. A. McClintock an
nounce him as a candidate for Judge
of Probate for L.aurens county for the
next term, subject to the primary
election.
The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, 1902-07-30
Tell Your Neighbors.

That you have bought your -four from
Branford Mills, and you will be assured
That you could not have bought better.
This is a satisfaction to YOU TO start
u with. IL is comfort to know that
you have the best. Long use will
complete your satisfaction It il this
satisfaction from long use experienced
by housekeepers everywhere, that has
established confidence In "CliftonO
-four. Good words, which you hear on
every hand, spring from this conf
dence. In justice to your best inter-
ests you ought to use "Clifton."
Bransford Mills,
Owensboro. Nv
The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, 1902-07-30
Final Settlement.

TAKE notice that on the 4th day of
August 1902, | will render a final ac-
count Of my acts and doings as Ex-
ecutOr of the estate of Eugenia Il. Lea
man, decd, in the Office of Judge of
Probate for Laurens County, at IL
o'clock, a. m, and on the same date
will apply for u final discharge from
my trust as Executor.
All persons having demands against
said estate will please present them on
or before that day, proven and authen
tic ted, or be forever barred.
j. G. LEGARE,
Executor.
July Bird 1002-4t.
The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, 1902-07-30
SUPERINTENDENT OF EDUCATION,

SUPERINTENDENT OF EDUCATION.
The many friends of Prof. James A.
Madden, knowing his thorough fitness
for the Office as well as his devotion to
the educational interests of the chill
dren of our county, respectfully an
nounce him for the Office of County Su-
perintendent of Education, subject to
the Democratic primary.
I FRIENDS.
We are authorized to the
name Of Charley II. Brooks for re-elcc-
ton to the Office Of County Superin-
tepdent of Education, subject to the
Democratic primary.
The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, 1902-07-30
COUNTY

The friends of w. j. Henry respect
fully announce him as a candidate for
County Supervisor, subject to the Dem
ocratic Primary.
At the solicitation of voters in diff
ferent sections, | respectfully an
uounce myself as a candidate for SUI
pervisor of Laurens County, subject to
the result Of the Democratic Primary.
Ell. b. Humbert.
The friends of j.. Y. Addy, knowing
him to be a strong and earnest advo-
cate of good roads, bridges and we'll
fitted in every way for the position,
respectfully announce him as a candi.
date for County Supervisor, subject to
the Democratic primary.
Many Voters.
| respectfully announce myself for
reelection as Supervisor for Laurens
county-subject to the pleasure of the
voters and the result Of the Democratic
primary.
t J. s, DRUMMOND.
The friends of Robin j. Copeland
respectfully announce him as a candi-
date for County Supervisor, subject to
the Democratic primary.
The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, 1902-07-30

On account of this being Court week
Will let Mill End prices remain the
same during this week only.
Davis, Roper e. Co.
The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, 1902-07-30
Announcements.
For CONGRESS-.

Joseph II. Johnson is announced as a
for reelection to Congress
from this district, subject to the Domo-
primary. X
The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, 1902-07-30

Can eat anything and not suffer after
taking DR.. Halves LeXative Dyspepsia
Powder. For sale at
Palmetto Drug Co.
The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, 1902-07-30
Furman University.

GREENVILLE, S.C c.
Will begin the next session ON Sep
TENDER 18th, 1902. Location convenient
and healthful. Courses of study elec-
tive or leading to the b. A. and M. A.
degrees. Full corps of instructors
and ample mess arrangements for re-
duced cost of boarding.
For details apply to the President,
A. p. MONTAGUE, L. l.. d.,
Greenville, S. G..
The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, 1902-07-30
For COUNTY TREASURER:

For COUNTY TREASURER:
The friends of John G.. Wham res
pectfully announce him as a candidate
for the office Of County Treasurer,
subject to the Democratic primary. X
L myself a candidate for
reelection TO the Office Of County
Treasurer, subject to the Democratic
primary.
JOHN III. COPELAND,
The free lance. (Fredericksburg, Va.) 1885-1926, 1902-11-01
Miss uoeld Bresks drouod Tory " l 4.
Bulldog az Fort Monroe

Miss Helen Gould. ct New York mar
udpatei Wednesday In the ceremonies
tnat marked the beginning of work ON
The landsoroe new Army Nounr Mems
tristan Association building az Fort
Monroe
Miss Gould gave $40. 600 90 tho bnils
ing, which viii cost about SD 600
Miss Gould broke the ground for tho
proposed building 4 selection waspiav-
~ 10y the band. after which she made
some appropriate remarks
Major best "a speech presented Miss
Nould with miniature spade. a rift
from the soldiers of the for, The han
oie Is made from live-oak tre,. emf in
me Tort aud the blade is portion of one
OF the guus Ut historic note. ON the blsd,.
= the following.
res 'nted to- Miss Helen Gould bv tn.
soldiers Il Sort Monroe. Va October 81
1902
Dee spade was made az the Normal
school hv the students
Miss Gould leit for Norfolk " here -bo +.
Interested in Army and Navy Association
in Portsmouth
The free lance. (Fredericksburg, Va.) 1885-1926, 1902-11-01
ORANGE
birhds, Reception -colored Naa oi Orange
Found Dead In Pennsylvania Politics
NerY Oulet-Niss Bette Hughes
Dead Other Notes Etc
Correspondence os The Ere. l.nsel

,'ornspondcuce os The Fr,e Lancet
Onionvi.le Va. October 8o 1902
The third irost oi tac season acconp-
Snied oy ice about the thickness % win
COW glass. this morning
Inc l-sthiay reception giNen by Mt
'nas. = Waugh. ut lis residence Noun
e0lh lew. on October --nd. WaS largely
attended. about cuc hundred persons
mostly children. grandehilJre u and great.
grandchilcrsu. and other relatives heiug
present Among outside visitors were
Mrs. 4. 4. Bancroft. MIS- i A Bancroft
ana lir. Harry Men. AN OF Caicago. M
MP. Waugh the hOnored host. was -
years Of age ON the above date. and is
stu. active for One of his years
Mt Sidney A. Martin. % prominent
business man of Philadelphia. accomnA-
MED 10y his next eldest son. Sterlre. "A
handsome youth. are visiting relatives
at this place
Mrs. Mary A. Campbell. who spent the
summer with relatives. near tins place.
has returned TO fredericksburg for the
winter. She Will reside with her danch.
ter. Nrs. j. :. McCord
Miss Fannie Clark. who has bes, ,.;.;t
ing her brother. Mr. T. ". Clark. DR.
anu family. OF Front ROYAL Va. has r.
turned home
.-.. u1S o,en FectiNed mere from che
~ V'.N' ~ :, huntingdon. e.. stating that
-. N''9' i''"Wn' wei SNOW colored
60, a. 'o'l'e 1e'id IN days ago ar
tne loot oi high mountain. near that
citA- some weeks ago he leit here in
I"est cd ms children. who are at WORK I'm
that region. No cauSais ASSIGNED f,r bis
death. lie was "a reputable am esteemed
=, .eu ci''zei' ana some times preached
s ~ -is IaSe' an" avs giving good advice
~ '1u' n' 'uS eace 20 tia ashes.
- "',N"i'u. ct "altmorc. Md. -
az 'ne residence 'i "a. coleman
' ~ '-1.ose.
,,-..',,.. ,''." 'l 'nis county Wal te un-
b.-.. -.', .','-il- rom ine campaign
le1.. when mas oeen iA' du'iest ormauv
The free lance. (Fredericksburg, Va.) 1885-1926, 1902-11-01
Personal Notes and Other Item,

l'orrespoudence of The Free Laucel
Burr non Va. oct. ~. 1902
Rev. Mr. Cook. Of Gorionsyi,le filled
his regular appointment al Zoar church
sunday morning His sermon was very
impressive Owing 20 iuclement weather
A smaller crowd was present than usual
Mr.. j Melvin Sanders. of the Wilder
mess. spent sunday with bis home reople
near here
Mrs j Tucker Mason. Of Washington.
IL The guest OF Mr.. and Ars H. g. Mason
Mrs. X Taylor Clark. Miss Oies-a
l'ark and Mr.. Dandy Glars. Of BRANDY
Ouipeper county and Miss J.. ID Tanner
OF the WILDERNESS. were guests az Mrs
susan Reynolds near Locust Grove. sun.
day.
Miss Vera BARLEY is visiting hercousin
MISS rginia Barley. near Orange
Miss Bette Dempsey. of Parker. Is
spending sometime with the family of
Mr.. j. b. Guam.
Miss Loula Waller. Of Spotsylvania
county, has returned home. after yisir
place
Miss Mae Rhoades is teaching I'm che
home OF Mrs T. Z. Spotswood this win
ter. near True Blue.
Mr. Willie J. finder. of Fredericl sl,nr.,
accompanied 10y his sister Miss Resi-
OF Nerdierville. spent Sunday with friends
here.
Mr. and Mrs George y. Seelev. went to
Culpeper today on business.
Mr. +. Waller. who has ervsioelas If
the lace Is improving. we are glad TO
note.
The free lance. (Fredericksburg, Va.) 1885-1926, 1902-11-01
Citizens Union, OF Richmond. Issues Al
Address To The PEOPLE

The Citizens Union, which was or
gained in Richmond Thursday night for
the purpose Of making fight against
municipal corruption has issued an ad-
dress 20 the people In il the organiza-
ton declares that it will make n fight
Tor clean city government. Ii demands
that the police and the board in control
oil THAI department shall suppress all
gambling and that there shall be an in
Vtsugation by the City Council Of the re.
ports oil corrupt practices by members Of
1hat BODY IN selling franchises to great
corporations.
The free lance. (Fredericksburg, Va.) 1885-1926, 1902-11-01
nad Premonltlon OF Death

1t ever man had presentiment OF his
approaching death while enjoying appar.
emily good health, that man was John -,
Mhiteman. wealthy resident of FREEZER.
lex county. living on the Hackwood' 5
farm, near Winchester. Wednesday Mr..
Nhiteman went 70 Winchester and ser
tied up his business affairs Going home
he gave 70 his vile all OF his important
papers and told her he was going to die.
lie was apparently IN the best Of health
when he retired Wednesday night and
Thursday morning at o O'Clock he Wa
a corpse. Alto O'Clock his wife was ava *
ened by his choking gaspe, and a phvsj-
elan was summoned, bnt he continued to
grow worse until death came.
The free lance. (Fredericksburg, Va.) 1885-1926, 1902-11-01
Congressman Rixey Pleased With CIeye-
lands Action

Congressman John f. Rixey. in an in.
terview in Washington. said he was de-
lighted to see President Cleveland com.
ing out for his party He said thar
while he had never been q Cleveland man
he was not blind TO the fact of the nsrea
personal Influence OF Cleveland which
he SAID, was of boundless value to the
Democratic party at this time.
In speaking of the campaign in Virginia
Representative Rixey said that he was
confident that there would be solid
democratic delegation returned TO the
House. Tie will close his campaign Mon
day at Manassas
The free lance. (Fredericksburg, Va.) 1885-1926, 1902-11-01
Robert N. Hughes Announces His Platform.

Robt. NJ. Hughes, OF Norfolk. Republi-
can candidate for Congress from the See.
Ond district Is out with his platform. in
which he denounees the refusal of Demo
Gratis To have joint debates. advocates
the building OF American ships by Ameri-
cans mechanics, announces that he will
work Tor liberal appropriation for the
jamestown Tercen tenary Exposition
and use every means to secure abundant
work for the Norfolk Navy Yard and
NewpOrt News Shipyard.
The free lance. (Fredericksburg, Va.) 1885-1926, 1902-11-01

Every progressive citizen of Virginia
should ask his representative in the
Legislature to votefor and advocate
the appropriation of sufficient money
10 properly represent the Old Domin-
ion at the st. Louis Exposition.
Let's be up-to-date in this matter. so
that we viii be in a position to ask
other States to do likewise when our
Exposition is about to open.
The free lance. (Fredericksburg, Va.) 1885-1926, 1902-11-01
GENERAL NEWS

tft7ident Roosevelt haze issued "a proc
amation designating November s. -
inonS ssiviug bay.
the anthracite coal strike commission
went down into the feDnsy lvania mines
""H SAN how the men iie coal and bring.
D. '' Che snriacr for shipment
resident Roosevelt in au article for a
u''StoN t'oier on the Presidency saws
'''ir 'te hW harter tasks in the world
'"t' "iinS tne cihre arceptahly
urmer President Grover Cleveland I'M,
a. ~itcch at NorristoWn. y. , attack,,l
iNe assertion that tle friends of the
~rih could ne depended upon 60 revise
a.. present. schedules
The free lance. (Fredericksburg, Va.) 1885-1926, 1902-11-01

Miss Helen Gould, oiNew FORK. insnsct.
ed the naval \. NJ. c A. ofNorfoik Thurs.
day and was present at fiaq-rnisipo
exercise at the building. Miss Gould 81
night was rendered reception at 81
Luke's Church, at which there were J. 600
guests Miss Gould yesterday went to
the Portsmouth navy yard, where she
rendered a reception aboard the receiving
ship Franklin by the officers OF the naval
station.
The free lance. (Fredericksburg, Va.) 1885-1926, 1902-11-01
Mines Close tud thousands Parsae IN witch.
ellis io1or

Mitchell Day was celebrated In all che
prime 'pHi towns of the anthracite. coal re-
Si'u oi fennsy wanna Wednesday ln or
"'' '"A' an tne mineworSers might have
az ' opportunity TO participate in the cell
etreuon. the mines were closed gr..
principal demonstration was be.5 b.,
NhSesoarre and President Mitchell TOOL
part
ne procession was nearly an hour in
passing a given point with its 10 OOl
men in line
PRESIDENT Mitchell was given an ovation
"h along the line of march Whenever hie
cArriage stopped thecrowd from the side
walls pr. ssed around and insisted on
shaking hi~ hand After the pars,,e "a hi.
mass meeting was held
President Mitchell ard others moie
speeches
The free lance. (Fredericksburg, Va.) 1885-1926, 1902-11-01
President To Take Outing In Virginia

\ telegram from Washington states
that President Roosevelt and a small
party would leave there Friday night on
an outing of day or two in Virginia. II
- probable that some of the battleeelds
OF the civil war will be visited
The free lance. (Fredericksburg, Va.) 1885-1926, 1902-11-01

II the Richmond political prophets
keep on. there viii be more candidates
Tor gubernatorial honors ina 1908
than voters 10 endorse and support
them. Let up little. gentlemen.
and name some of YOUR friends for
Observation-Disclosures and Attorney
General
The free lance. (Fredericksburg, Va.) 1885-1926, 1902-11-01
May Rua For Go,e-uor

Hon Henry T.. stuart. ~ Russell coun.
q has decided. it is stated upon The au-
tnority Of friends. TO become q candidate
ipr governor at the next election Mr.
stuart was member of the Recent Con
tlonal convention. Iris understood
tnat he was rendered 10y the Governor an
appointment on hecorporRtioncomm
sion. hut declined
The free lance. (Fredericksburg, Va.) 1885-1926, 1902-11-01

And now comes the Mississippi Home
opatlic Association to declare that Kiss
ing - unhealthy even in small doses -
Richmond Times
That depends larycly upon cir
cumstances. We have heard Of eases
where NJ WAS apparently very uu-
healthy. but those were caSes where
the odd man caught ayouug fellow
Kissing his lthe old man'sl daughter.
The free lance. (Fredericksburg, Va.) 1885-1926, 1902-11-01

brooklyn is threatened With famine
81 alter aud gas IS well as "a shortage
y coat What excuse have the people OF
mat town for living. anyway Chicago
Record Herald
With the river and politicians
right mt her door. Brooklyn ought
not 70 suffer from lack of either
water or gas.
The free lance. (Fredericksburg, Va.) 1885-1926, 1902-11-01

Perhaps George Fred Williams end lin,
ham Lewis may be open To AN engage
meat as the Wild Men ol Borneo i'm tho
to,n Johnson circus Memphis 'ommer-
cial-Appeal
Ihey would certainly De additional
attractions.
The free lance. (Fredericksburg, Va.) 1885-1926, 1902-11-01

And now the musicians of Paris
are.ou strike. II this sort oi thing
continues We won't even have a
chance 20 hear the ~meloiiou- SON
net of mouth organ.
The free lance. (Fredericksburg, Va.) 1885-1926, 1902-11-01

II the election Judges are paying as
nttle attention to thecoming election
as are many of the voters. Virginia
vii hardly have much election ON
November ith.
The Sumpter miner. [volume] (Sumpter, Or.) 1899-1905, 1902-06-18

ing u good property, have squandered
money in extravayant and criminal man.
agement. Too many, with no knowledge
Of the vocation, have poured money into
the ground to reach ledge, which any
intelligent mining man would discount
enance. Investors are sometimes to
blame in other respects. They put a
dollar into mine, expecting the follow
ing day ten in return. They do not re.
alize the time required to develop and
open mine, and often leave the field
disgusted before work has progressed to
that stage testing the merits Of their
property.
These are causes for intense prejudice.
Prejudice is foolish. View in its true
light everything, else You may lose II
golden opportunity. View mining 80.
BE assured of honest management, be
assured OF competency, he informed ON
time necessary for operations. Gold il
in millions of lodges; there are safe
guides to it. Equip yourself for an in.
telligent, faithful search and mining il
the safest and most fascinating form OF
investment found today.-Western Mi.
ner and Financier.