The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1902-10-28
TUESDAY EVENING,
my rich vestments and his particu-

ana later one or the OInCerS WnOm the
Athenians used to send to govern subject
states. The Christians adopted the word
as the title of an ecclesiastical dignitary.
who received the highest Of the sacred
orders and was invested with authority
to rule diocese as it's chief pastor.
A bishop. according to the Council of
Trent. is a successor of the apostles He
has received the sacrament of order In
all it's fullness. He can like the apostles,
confirm: he can ordain priests conse-
crate other bishops. The pope himself,
so far as his order goes, is simply
bishop.
One Of the first duties of a bishop is to
! teach by preaching the word Of God Nor
can any one else preach in a diocese with
out the bishops leave. He must watch
over purity Of doctrine, especially in all
schools public or private. And he has
the appointment of professors in the sem
inaries and clerical colleges.
| No book upon religious subjects can be
published in his diocese until it has re-
ceived his 'Imprimatur" Uet it be
printed).
Guardian Of Morals.
A bishop must guard the morals of his
diocese and especially must he maintain
discipline among his clergy; he must take
measures for the due performances Of di-
vine worship. He himself. or with his
| leave some other bishop. must admins
|
dain priests. must consecrate the holy
oils the churches. the affairs and the
chalices, etc. He must also approve the
priests and authorize them to perform
| their duties.
In the early ages bishop was styled
Most Holy. Most Blessed Lord" and
even Your Holiness" title now reserved
for the pope. At present a bishop is cor
rectly called most illustrtous and most
reverend lord" and the pope addresses
him as venerable brother" your fratern-
| lty,' etc.
The first bishops were chosen by the
apostles. In England and America the
choice Of bishops belongs exclusively to
the pope. The names Of suitable candi-
date are transmitted to the Congregation
of Propaganda at Rome, and the recon-
mendation Of the cardinals is acted upon
| by the pope, who designates the new
| bishop.
The Episcopal Qualification.
The person so named must be 80 years
of age, in holy orders, of Catholic par
entage, Of good reputation, and able to
produce the testimony Of some university
or academy as to his learning.
If the candidate elected accepts, he
must within a fixed time ask for the papal
confirmation, which is given by the pope
| in "consistory' or ecclesiastical senate,
of the cardinals.
| The consecration Of a bishop used to be
performed by the metropolitan and two
! other bishops. According to the present
discipline the consecra ton is reserved to
the pope or to a bishop specially commits
stoned by him. The consecrator is as
sisted by at least two other bishops, al
though, with papal permission, mitred abb
bots, or even simple priests, may be SUBJ
stituted for the two bishops.
The conservation should take place
within three months Of the conf1rna ton
awarded by the pope, and on Sunday or
the feast Of an apostle.
AS the pope only can make a bishop the
pope only can dismiss bishop from his
sacred office. And the pope's leave must
be obtained by any bishop that wishes to
| resign.
Vestments Described.
Some description Of the vestments worn
| by bishops will enable those not familiar
| with their appearance to identify them.
! The significance of the various garments
was given in T h e J a ! of yester-
| day.
A priest wears no less than six distinct
| i've articles of clerical insignia. The
bishop, whose privileges and duties include
those Of the inferior clergy, is. therefore,
| attired not only in his special vestments,
but in the garb of the presto the humble
! deacon and of the stills more lowly SUBJ
| deacon.
Vestments common to all orders of the
| clergy are the amice. the alb the girdle
and the maniple
The amice. an oblong piece Of fine white
| linen, is used to cover the neck and
shoulders. It is adorned only with a
white cross, which the priest kisses be-
| fore he places the amice first upon his
| head and then about his neck and should
ers. He fastens the garment with two
strings across his breast
The alb. a long, loose gown of white
! linen, with sleeves, conceals the greater
| portion of the amice. Lace Is sometimes
used to hem the alb, which is often made
| of lace entirely.
| The priest binds the alb around his waist
with the girdle or cincture, a white cord
| Of linen or silk.
Amice alb and girdle are always white
But over these the clergy place vest
ments that vary in color according to the
succession of festivals and fasts.
First Of such butter vestments is the
naniple which is merely ornamental and
symbolic. 1t Is short. narrow strip Of
cloth of the same material-siIk, velvet or
brocade-as that of the principal outer
| garment, that Is. of the dalmatic or the
chasuble. The maniple is marked with a
cross and is usually embroidered - and
| fringed. It is fastened to the left fore
arm Of the celebrant by a string, pin or
| button.
The distinctive vestment of a subdeason
| is the tunic or dalmatic; that of a deacon!
| is the STOLE and that Of a priest is the
chasuble. The tunic and dalmatic are not
the same thing, and the tunic is theoretic-
| ally reserved for the subdeac icon. But in
| this country at least, both the subdeacon
| and the deacon wear the dalr1attc, which
! is somewhat larger than the tunic but is
otherwise of the same appearance. The
material Of the dalmatic is ordinary silk,
and its color varies as already mentioned.
| In shape, the dalmatic is loose garment
reaching to the knees. 1t has wide sleeves
| and is open at the sides.
The stole, which distinguishes the dea
| con. is long. narrow, band-like vestment
| Of silk, velvet, or other rich stuff. 1t is
widened and fringed at the ends and bears
! usually several embroidered crosses. When
| worn by a deacon the stole passes over
! the left shoulder so that it's ends may be
| Joined at the wearer's right side. A
| priest places the stole around his neck
| crosses It over his breast and allows the
| ends Of the vestment to hang down to his
| knees on either side The bishop wears
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