davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1902-04-30
May Wait for Years.

There is in the Jail at Georgetown a
negro barber, John Brownfeld, who
has sentence Of death hanging over
him, yet he may have to remain where
he is for some years before he will
know whether it is to be executed or
not or before the State courts can
order its execution. The case is
striking illustration of how the law
may tie up case.
John Brownfeld killed white man
in 1900 in Georgetown, and the affair
brought about the riot trouble there,
which caused the governor to send the
militia there, and finally cost the State
about 50, 700. Finally the negro was
tried and convicted of murder, and
was sentenced to die at the ropes end.
His negro lawyer, Whipper, appealed
to the State supreme court. Mean
while the negro managed to escape
from the jail, but was too weak from
the confinement to run. He was
quickly recaptured and has ..been in
The Jail since. In the meartime
Sheriff Skinner died and the present
sheriff, Mr.. McKiethen, was appoint
ed, Not long ago the State supreme
court sustained the circuit court and
the negro was ordered resentenced.
Before new day could be set for the
execution, Whipper appealed to the
United States supreme court, this act
ing as a stay of proceedings in the
State court. It is problematical when
the case viii ever be reached in the
United States supreme court. In the
meantime the negro must remain IN
Jail, and no further step can be taken
until the highest tribunal in the Uni
ted States hears the case and hands
down its decision.
The fellow, it is said, has now COM
pletely recovered his health, and bears
his confinement, which may last for
several years, remarkably well. The
case is most unusual one.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1902-04-30
GROWTH OF STATE PENSION LIST.
Lack of Care in Approving AppIi-
cations. Some Cases of Down
right Fraud.

Columbia, April 26.-It may sur
prise some people, but not those who
have been watching the trend of the
pension feeling in this State, that the
State pension rolls have increased
1,185 over what they were last year.
In 1901 the pension roll showed that g.
503 Confederate soldiers or their wild
ows were getting pensions because of
service in the Confederate army, and al
though large number of those who
received pensions last year have died
the pension rolls show 1858 for the
presentrpayment, a net increase OF l8
per cent
In Oconee and Chesterfield counties
the lists have increased more than 80
per cent in a single year, while in 9th
er counties, York, for instance, the
county boards have held the increase
down to and 2 per cent.
The General Assembly and the
State board of pension commissioners
have done everything that they could
to hold the pension list within legiti-
mate bounds and to see that all who
are on the lists are entitled to the
small allowance, but the fear is that
there is too much carelessness about
the granting of pensions. OF course
the State board has to accept the work
of the county boards, and it has no
facilities for knowing the merits of
the individual cases, and, as matter
of fact, the county boards cannot
know every applicant or whether fraud
has been practiced, as was done in one
case where man drew a pension as a
Confederate soldier from this State
and also a pension from the Govern
ment as Federal soldier.
The following statement, which has
just been completed, but which is liza
BILE to be increased to a small extent,
shows the number of pensioners in
each county and the percentage of
increase for the year:
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1902-04-30
A Gentle Hint.

In our style of climate, with Its S;ldden
changes of temperature rain. wind and
sunshine often interminglei IN a single
day.-it is no wonder that our children,
friends and relatives are SO frequently
taken from US by neglected colds. half the
deaths resulting directly from this cause.
4 bottle of Boschee's German Syrup Kept
about your home for immediate use Will
prevent serious sickness, large doctors
bill. and perhaps death, by the use of three
or four doses. For curing Consumption,
Hemorrhages. Pneumonia. Severe Coughs.
Group. or any disease of the Throat or
Lungs. its success is simply wonderful as
your druggist will tell you. Get sample
bottle from DeLormes Pharmacy or
Sumter Pharmacy. Regular size, 20 cts.
Get Green's Special Almanac.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1902-04-30
TRIAL BY COURT MARTIAL
OF gen. JACOB H. SMITH.
Government Witness Testify TO the
Difficulties Encountered in a
War of Subjugation.

Manila, April April 2S.-The trial
by courtmartial of Gen. Jacob n.
Smith, on the charge of conduct pre-
judicial to good order and discipline
was resumed here today. Major Lit
tleton W. T. Waller of the marine
corps testified to receiving from Gen.
Smith the orders to ''kill ane. burn''
and render Samar "a bowling wilder
ness" previously referred to in these
dispatches. The natives of Sanlar, said
Maj. Waller, were more treacherous
and implacable than the tribesmen Of
the Soudan. Without Gen. Smiths
drastic measures the war there would
not have been ended yet. Gen. Smith
never intended killing women or
children.
Corporal Pritchard of the Ninth in
fantry, who took part in the fight at
Gandara, testified that he saw boys Of
II years of age fighting and slashing>
with bolos.
Sergt. Bonicastle of the Ninth in
fantry, an Apache, testified regarding
Capt. P. K. Schoefers fight in
Dapdap province, Samar, against
Dios Dios' fanatics. He saw a soldier
attacked by two boys, under Is, one
armed with bolo and the other With
a dagger.
Private Nickel of the Ninth infantr.
explained the dangers and difficulties
in the island of Samar.
Private Nanjot of the Tenth infan-s
try told how Americanistas (natiyes
friendly to the Americans were butch
cred there in cold blood.
Sergt. Brumby of the Ninth infan-
try, survivor of the Ba1angiga mas
sacre, described that disaster, includ-
ing the mutilation of the American
dead, by the Samar natives.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1902-04-30
Senator Money. of Mississippi, i

Senator Money. of Mississippi, is
past understanding. That United
States senators have an exalted idea of
their Importance and their privileges is
we'll known. and that southern sena
tor should especially resent being hus-
tied out of a street car is but natural;
but what must puzzle the State of Mis-
sissippi, and the whole south, for that
matter, is how Senator Money could
descend to squabble about so petty a
matter as fve-cent Or three cent car
fare. Herein the senator does an in
Justice to his action. The spirit of
the south in such matters is illustrated
by the ante-bellum story of South
Carolinian who, being addressed i'm.
pudently by colored waiter in a
northern hotel, kicked him. 9 III
make you pay for this, sir::'' exclaim-
ed the enraged minion. That'l cost
you So eff that's your price III
take another KICK" answered the
southerner, suiting the actionn to the
word-then, throwing $40 bill to the
kickee, he departed with serenity
State.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1902-04-30
South African Situation.

London, APRIL 2s.--Cabling from
Johannes under date of Friday, April
25, the correspondent of the Daily
Telegraph says that General De Larey,
with his staff, arrived at Klerksdorp,
Transvaal, yesterday.
Special dispatches received here
from Pretoria show that Gen. De
Larey had been in consultation with
his commando two days previously,
and that the other Boer leaders are
still moving about consulting with
the burghers. From this it is infer
red that the prospects for peace are
improving.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1902-04-30

Memphis. April 27-Rear ADMIRAL
and Mrs w S. Schley arrived IN
Memphis this evening. y reception
committee met the distinguished visi-
tors at Grand Junction and escorted
them to the Gayaso Hotel, where seve-
raj hundred people waited to bid
them an enthusiastic welcome. Admi-
raj Schley will be the guest of the
city until Wednesday night, when be
will visit several cities in Mississippi.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1902-04-30

The Times is glad TO see movement
in the state to get up a stock company
to enable the Chiquola Club, OF Oar
linofon. Col. Dargan and his daugh-
ters. to prosecute to better advantage
their historical lectures. We wish we
we're able to subscribe largely to the
fpnd. but we will do all we can, and
wishssyou do to likewise. Florence mas
Given Col. Dargan very SLIM encour-
aoment in his work.-Florence Times.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1902-04-30

q Ebensburg. Pa. April 27.-This af-
ternoon shortly after noon the monas-
terry of the Benedictine Brothers at
Carrollton was burned to the ground,
with all it's contents, causing very
heavy loss. When first noticed small
fame was coming from the roof of the
main building, but owing to the high
wind practically nothing could be done
to check its progress. The building
was partially insured.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1902-04-30
Tornado in Texas.

Dallas, Tex, April 2S.-A telephone
message from Morgan, Tex, received
tonight states that tornado passed
over Glenrose, a small town in Somer-
vile County, between 5 and O'Clock
this afternoon, killing five persons,
injuring more and denlolishing much
property.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1902-04-30

not interfere with each other. The
people ought to devote at least two
days to the selection of the best
mer and this can not be brought
about without hearing them fully. If
the people lose interest in their gov
ernment that government must become
bad. Eternal vigilance is the price
of liberty is as true now as when it
was uttered.''
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1902-04-30

At Newberry recently Judge Gary
rendered decision declaring that
excess charges by railroads, where pas
sengers fail to purchase tickets, are
invalid. An appeal was taken, ana
the question will come up before the
Supreme Court.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1902-04-30

It is thought that the amount of the
pension that will 90 to the largest
class of pensioners, G. 2 and 4, will
be about $40. Glass a will get 500,
Glass B s75, Glass G. l and 3 s4S.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1902-04-30
Greenwood Day" at Exposition.

Next Thursday, May l, will be
Greenwood Day. at the Exposition,
and an effort will be made to bring
one thousand people from that county
to the Ivory City" (" Greenwood is
one OF the most prosperous counties IN
the State. Its people are intelligent
and progressive. They have good
newspapers, excellent schools, enter
prising merchants. profitable manu-
featuring industries, up-to-date farm
ers and fine railroad facilities. They
ought to show themselves at the Ex-
position. We should all like to see
them here in larger numbers, and we
wish that they would agree on a gene
raj three-days' holiday at least, so that
they could visit the Exposition in
force.
And after Greenwood Day" there
ought to be "Darlintgon Day. and
Sumter Day. and Florence Day.
and special Day for every other wide
awake county in the State. There
have been a great many prospectors in
Charleston since the Exposition open
ed, and many inquirers as to the State
and its opportunities are visiting the
Exposition every day. Special Days.
will be set apart by the Exposition au-
thorities for all the towns and counties
that would like TO enter the competl-
ton and realize some benefit from the
great undertaking. News and Courier.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1902-04-30

Norfolk. Va, April 2s.-Two hun
dred horses were shipped from here
foday TO New Orleans where they Will
he Irnsported to South Africa for ser
vice in the British army. Mai.
Thomas of the British army has been
here for some time selecting the
bcrses. 1t is said that other consiSn-
rnents will follow.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1902-04-30

We regret to note that the governors
of Virginia and Pennsylvania returned
from some days at the Charleston ey
position in frame of mind because of
the failure, as they think, of the gov
ernor of South Carolina and city au
thorities of Charleston to pay them
the proper courtesies due themselves
and their states. We repeat, we deep
" regret if anything occurred or failed
to occur to mar their happiness: but
would respectfully and in the kindest
of spirit, suggest they happened to
strike Charleston and the governor of
South Carolina just after the governor
of North Carolina had been with both
for week, and said something. There
is really limit to human enjoyment,
at least recurring that a rest be taken.
Raleigh Post.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1902-04-30

The Hon. R. Barnwell Rhett, the
DISTINGUISHED editor of the Charleston
Mercury before the the war, and OF
the Journal of Commerce in post-bel-
lum DAYS. is in Charleston on visit
to his relatives. Mr.. Rhett, whose
name is familiar to all Carolinlans,
has lived in Alabama since he left
Charleston in the SOS, where be has
been engaged in the business of plant
ing.-News and Courier.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1902-04-30

minutes for the others, not counting
the candidate for United States Sen
ate, who usually came last. The limit
alton on the time Of the candidates
for the important Offices if it be con-
tinued, will absolutely destroy all in
terest in the State campaign meetings,
and finally destroy the primary system
itself: and / am strongly of the opin-
ion that it would be well, indeed, nee
essary, to have two campaign days IN
each county. say six weeks or two
months apart at which certain speci-
fed candidates shall address the peo-
pie. The suggestion has been made
that there ought to be limitation on
| the number of meetings to one in each
Congressional district. This will
never do, because the people are en-
titled to see and hear the men who
seek their votes and if such system
were adopted there would be few if
any citizens at such meeting other
than those who live in the county
where the meeting is held. The news
paper reports would have to be depend
ed on entirely in order to get any sort
of information as to what the candi-
dates were saying and what impression
they made, and this would mean the
use of the press by those who are
able to obtain It's support to control
elections. Money wonld be freely used
I have no doubt, and this does not
imply that the press is venal. But
few people take daily papers. and
nearly all tie 9eeklies have patent
outsides. Somehow ali of Senator
McLaurln's speeches were published
in these outs; des or sent as supple
ments. 1t was legitimate advertising,
but we do not want rich men who are
able to pay Cor such advertising tc
have advantage of the poor men who
can not. The only safe way is to have
the candidates face the voters and let
each man decide for himself. | warn
the people against surrendering the
right to Judge for themselves. Govern
ment by newspapers may be a very
good thing, but the people of South
Carolina repudiated it in 1890 and
have no idea tley are going to return
to it, and l am therefore prepared tc
urge the scheme l have outlined as
the best which suggests itself to me.
The two sets of candidates could begin
on opposite sides Of the State and thus
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1902-11-30
SEWING.

ton of the work done in a bindery in which
machinery is conspicuous by its absence and
where practically all Of the work IS done by
hand, the processes differing only slightly from
those employed hundreds of years ago in the
monasteries of the Old World
The initial processes in the binding of a hand
made book are known as gathering, colating
and folding. Gathering is the taking of sheets
from separate piles and arranging them in the
order of their signatures the latter being a
term designating the figures or letters found at
the foot OF the first page Of each sheet or sec
ton OF the book. Collating is going over the
sheets TO make sure that none have been lost
misplaced in the preceding operations. Next
the sheets, arranged in order by pages and sig
natures, go to the sewing woman as she is
called, who works with marvellous deXterty,
although the frame which she is almost
identicaly like the sewing frame employed In
Europe in the sixteenth century. This frame
consists Of a bed with two uprights and a
crossbar, which be- raised or lowered by
turning screws. The operative places the back
edge of the sheet in contact with the cords,
opens the sheets in the middle, and drawing a
needle TO and fro so fast that the oniooker can
scarcely see how she does it, seWs the sheets 10
the cords. The thread passes through the back
of each sheet twice as many times there are
cords SO as to unite them 10 the sheets. The
threads are all fastened to the cords and to
each other. The stitch by which the thread
passes from one sheet to another is known as
the kettle stitch"
After the book has been sewed and the back
glued it is handed TO "A man who puts il through
an operation known rounding and backing.
The hand worker, although one Of the most
skilful in his special line in the country can
round and back not more than three or four
in hour. This is slow work compared with
that done by machine which rounds and
backs five hundred volumes in the same length
of time To round a book 1t is first hammered
and then changed from one side to the other
until it has acquired the proper form. The
book now goes to a woman who makes the head
band. The ordinary headband Is made by ma
chinery from material which Is sold to binders
by the yard; 1t is pasted to the back of the
book. and is usually made OF cotton or linen
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1902-11-30
THE DECLINE or BIG GAME.

The hunter of big game evidently in
meditative mood as he silently watched the
smoke from his pipe curl laZily toward the CELL
ing. Finally he spoke
Il just thinking" said he. what glori-
historic times chasing mastodOns. dinosaurs
and the like, and incidentally wondering what
descendants a few generations hence are
going TO do for big game to Kill. The jungles OF
Africa now afford practically all the sport Of
that kind that is worth having and il is only Il
question of time when that grand hunting
ground will disappear Civilization, with its at
tcndant train of railways steamboats,, trolley
and the like. will just surely bring about
the extinction OF the elephant the lion, the tiger
and their less important fellows have the
same influences led to the extinction OF the
buffalo and the scarcity of other big game in
this great land of ours. In certain ATTITUDES in
Africa the elephant is now as plentiful was
the buffalo the Western prairies fifty years
ago. but with increased facilities for reaching
their haunts by rail or steamboat. which will
come about with time. their wholesale destruc-
ton for the sake of their ivory is infinitely
mere certain than was that of the buffalo.
which. although It's hides were valuable. did
not offer half the mcrcenary inducement to the
pot hunter that the elephant. the lion and
the tiger do.
Civilization is doubtless a good thing IN
many ways. but it has a tendency seriously to
interfere with the finest sport in which u man
can indulge"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1902-11-30
ROUNDING AND BACKING.

thread By the hand process the headband is
made directly on the book, precisely as it was
made in the olden time. There are said to be
not more than four five persons in this
country who are expert in making silk head
bands by hand.
After the headbands have been made the book
Is passed to a man who lines up the back and
thence it is sent TO q workman who puts on
the covers. This man has to exercise the
utmost caution, FASTING the covers to the boards
being one of the most delicate and important
operations in the binding of a fine book. If
there is a little too much paste there Will be
uneven places under the leather, and if there
is not enough the covers viii not stick. a
man can only learn by experience how much
paste TO use. and the quantity required depends
in large measure on the thickness Of the leather
When the book has been covered it is taken
in hand by man who does the lnlaying, work
which demands nicely OF touch and great skill
in the handling Of small tools. Finally the
book reaches the hands Of the finisher, who
goes over it with brass polisher 10 smooth out
any Irregularities which may remain despite the
best efforts of the workmen who preceded him
The polisher must be just warm enough TO
impart certain degree Of heat to the leather
without scorchinE it: the least bit of careless
ness the slightest error Of Judgment the
part of the hnisher. may ruin u valuable book
cover.
1t is the hnishgr who tools the book, BY
toong is meant Impressions made on the leather
with hot metal dies When gold is thus i'm
pressed the work is termed gold tooue. when
leather is stamped without the use Of gold
or other metal the work is known as blind tool
ing Beautiful fooled leather work WAS done in
England as carly as the twelfth century, and
leather covers which have never since been
equaIled Were fooled in Italy and France four
centuries later. Originally gold tooliug was
confined to the Far East The Italians were
first to introduce it into Europe Later it be
came distinctively a French art and such it
continued to be until the last half Of the six
teenth century when it was taken up in Eng
land where IT hourished for many years. Then
came demand for cheaper and quicker work.
and hand toong became practically lost art;
In place of 1t stamps were used. by means of
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1902-11-30
FOLDING.
MAKING OF A FINE BOOK.
HAND WORK TO-DAY MUCH AS IT WAS
DONE IN MEDIEVAL TIMES-DECO-
RATION OF FINE BINDINGS

Remarkably high prices were paid for rare
end choice books at two recent sales-one IN
Eew-Tork, the other in Boston. In many in
stances the sharp competition between Wen
known collectors was due to the fact that the
books offered were first and second editions OF
standard works of famous authors in some
cases the only copies in existence; but 1t Is
fact that il was their exquisite bindings which
caused other volumes to be eagerly bid for.
and finally sold TO ardent book collectors at big
prices With few exceptions the books dis
posed of at these sales were examples of the
best work of celebrated European BINDERS some
ancient some modern, but in this connection il
is reasonable to predict that not many years
hence examples of American binding may com
mand as large prices and be as eagerly sought
for as the choicest specimens of foreign work
uanshp
Books can be made in the United States at
the present time which, for artistic effects IN
binding and thorough workmanship in general
in the opinion Of some experts, will soon COM
pare favorably with the best products of Euro
pean bookmakers. Books are in process OF
manufacture in Boston bindery which are
made to sell at 5000 volume and others, form
ing part Of limited edition de luxe of the works
OF a French novelist have been subscribed for
by American collectors at $500 a volume. The
bindings are rich and beautiful in design and
finish and they bear throughout the impress Of
mind rather than Of mechanism.
The history Of bookmaking, beginning with
the ancient Assyrians and Egyptians. and trac-
ing the art through various stages of develop
ment down TO the present time is fascinating
to lovers Of decorative art in bindings A visit
20 a up-to-date bindery. where may be seen
In operation the hydraulic press, the rolling
machine. the enclosing machine and numerous
other devices intended TO quicken and cheaper
production, will repay one. but greater pleas
would probably be derived from inspec-