Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1902-12-31
would be impractical ITO maintain such
channels In case ofSa blockade.
Ports Considered In Detail.


channels In case ofSa blockade.
Ports Considered In Detail.
A number Of ours important ports were
considered in detai1s including the peculiar
physical conditions existing at the New
York entrance, the dredging operations for
the forty-foot channel and some sugges-
tons as to plan for maintaining the same
without injury to tile harbor by permanent
works, at a minimum cost 1t was demon
strated that In certain, cases one tetty of
proper form and position could be made to
do better work than two and at less than
half the cost, thus saving large sums of
money to the government for this class of
tenance If
To illustrate the great economy of this
Ieactlon system, 1t was stated that during
the past quarter of century the expendi-
lures and estimates for lefty work at only
eight or our seaports exceeded $50 600 COO
and In all these cases the depths were Sc
cured and are required to be maintained by
ureoslhg, chiefly In the open sea beyond
the works. In four other harbors where
reliance Is placed upon dredging alone, the
cost and estimates for modern channels ex-
ceed s4l,OO.OO0. exclusive of the cost of
maintenance. while 1t was believed that by
the introduction Of the reaction breakwater
the cost of securing a self-maintaining
channel would be reduced one-half. At the
southwest Pass alone, the estimates were
competition with proposition to build one
OF these jetties for compensation based on
results secured. -
Types Of Tidal Inlets.
Types Of tidal inlets and delta bars at the
mouth or sedimentary rivers were shown
also. with the various devices in use for
their Improvement, by submerged. low
water, half-tide and high water jetties in
pairs, supplemented by dredging. But few
harbor bars carry more than from twelve
to fifteen feet of water in state of nature
and to project concentrated current upon
their inner slopes by means of two jetties
generally results in rolling the bar seward
without increased depth except by dredg-
ing.
The experience Of harbor work during the
past fifty years was reviewed and the state
ment made that the demands Of commerce
were not met in any instance, as the draft
OF the vessels exceeds that of the channel,
causing detentions or lossrof cargo, by light
loading. Many harbors are inaccessible to
modern vessels because Of their bars.
The practical results obtained at Arkansas
Pass, purely a tidal inlet, were cited as
a demonstration of the efficacy of these
plans, where the cost was less then one
third Of the estimate the results having
been secured solely by the action Of the
tidal scour. 1t was believed that this sys-
tenn would save in cost and maintenance
$1OO.OOO.OOO In a comparatively short time.
Sources Of Error in Census Work.
In a paper on 1.-THE Sources and Margin
Of Error in Census Work. Mr.. LIE Grande
Powers, chief statistician of agriculture Of
the census bureau, presented interesting
facts to the scientists yesterday.
'The most important sources Of error in
census work." said Mr.. Powers, ARE those
Of omission and duplication by the enumera-
tors. Such errors have occurred In all GEN.
sus work. In the census of agriculture the
omissions are most numerous in sparsely
settled sections, where there Is much irreg-
ular land surface The Implications are
most numerous in sections Of the opposite
character, and especially in communities
with large development Of tenant farm
Ing.
''The census office can, and does, check
against duplcat ton, and these checks have
been more fully developed in the twelfth
census than ever before, The office cannot
during the work Of, schedule revision and
tabulation check against omissions of farm
land by enumerators. Hence the proba-
bility Of greater omissions than Implications
in the completed report. --..s
IAN analysis Of census data and COM
parsons of the same with the records of
assessed land shows greater omissions than
Implications in all parts of the country.t'eT'
Annual Address Of President Remsen.
The chemical section of the American As
ISOLATION for the Advancement of Science
Asttueu W the duuusli address OF PRESIDENT
DR.. Ira Remsen last night in the lecture
room Of Columbian University and then
repaired to the banquet room Of the Bar
ton Hotel, where the annual dinner was
served. The address of DR.. Remsen was
entirely technical, being The Life History
of a Doctrine"
Smoker and Reception.
The members Of the American Society of
Naturalists. being one section of the sci
entists' convention, enjoyed a smoker at the
Ebbitt House last evening. Preceding the
smoker Of the naturalists DR.. c. Hart Mer-
RAM delivered a public address In the main
lecture room on the first floor of Columbian
University on the subject of the Protect
i've and Directive Celebration of Animals,
with Especial Reference to Birds and Mann
mails"
A reception to the visiting botanists was
rendered at the Portland last evening by
the Botanical Society of Washington.
The annual dinner Of the Astronomical
and Astrophysical Society of America, Of
which Prof. Simon Newcomb is president,
was held last night at Rauscher's. The
guest of honor was the German ambassa-
dor, and other guests were Senato Morgan,
Assistant Secretary Of State Hill and the
superintendent of the naval observatory.
A lecture on the volcanoes of the West
Indies will be delivered at o'clock this aft
CN1,, l.;