, 1902-04-09
AN UNKNOWN PEOPLE.
RELICS OF A PREHISTORIC RACE
RECENTLY FOUND IN PERU.
Evidences That Their Civilization MAY
Have A~ntedatsd That Of the egyptians
Had Advanced kn0wIsdss Of Surgery
sketch of Ancient Buildings.

The discovery of an old. old race in
Peru. a race that may have found the
Rrst ways of civilization earlier than
the Egyptians; a total revision of pre-
conceived notions concerning the his
tory of old Peru and the sway of h
Incas. and the revelation OF hitherto
unknown races and nations which
,prang up. flourished and died on the
slopes of the Andes-these are the
most important results of the anthrOp-
illogical work undertaken by the Uni
versity of California. For over two
years DR.. Max Uhle. formerly of the
University of Berlin. has secured Peru
and adjacent countries in the search
for the relics and habitations Of a
prehistoric race. The result is the ad-
dition of 40 cases of Peruvian relics
70 the coming museum Of the Uni
versity of California ard the genesis
IF a new theory concerning prehistoric
Peru.
The theory. in brief. is that the In
cas-. the absolute rulers of the land
when the Spanish came, were lords OF
Peru only from comparatively modern
times. Ancient Peru. according to
the new theory. was the battle ground
of many and Inverse nations and
tribes. which held dominion in turn
before the Incas conquered the land
As England since the dawn of his
tory has been populated by many and
varied races. first Celts. then Britons,
then Danes. then Saxons and finally
Normans. so Peru was under the sway
from time to time of various races and
tribes in the pure Indian population.
Some centuries before the Spaniards
came, before Pizarro swept the land
in his bloody conquest. the Incas. 4
brave, hardy race, arose and swept
all before them, so that at the time
Of the conquest they held dominion
over all the land with the exception
Of some scattered tribes still keeping
up a sturdy opposition in the high
Andes.
But underlying al these various civil
lizations was another one. from which
they all proceeded. Some of the later
stages of civilization can be traced 10
various tribes which existed at the
time Of the Spanish conquest, and. for
that matter. exist nOw Certain GUS
toms, tribal ~observances, tyEes OF body,
can be traced to the living descendants.
But of the older. mightier civilization
no trace is left. They, in common with
all the other Peruvians before the
coming Of the Spaniards. had no sys-
Item Of writing. Their tribal name is
lost. their language is a mystery. All
that remains clear is that at a time
not later than 1000 years ago, and in
all probability much earlier. they con-
trolled all the region which is now
Peru and that they had their main
fortresses m citadels among the up-
per valleys Of the Peruvian Andes.
From his researches, from
tions made among ruins and cemeter-
lies through all Peru. DR.. Uhle is able
to tell something of this people and
their habits. They were idol worship
ers. probably sun %worshipers. Among
their ruins are several great pyramids
resembling the sun temples Of the
.Peruvians of Pizarro's time and many
idols and implements of rather fin
ished workmanship have been found.
They lived in fortified towns and built
great walls of adobe to guard their
fortresses. One of the largest Of these
stretches almost three miles along the
snowy submits of the Andes. Within
these fortresses the rooms, all of sun
dried brick, were Joined one 70 an
other SO as to make each village n
great house. The people had evident
lily a tribal government and possessed
= religion of rather elaborate ritual.
They titled the soil. but seemed to have
subsisted mainly from their herds Of
llamas. They were skilled potters and
decorated their wares in elaborate and
high-colored patterns.
They understood irrigation-these
unknown ~people-and brought water
down through regular channels from
terrace to terrace of their h%abitations.
they made statues, idols and gods with
4 skill as great. at least, as that of
the early Egyptians. with whom they
nay have been contemporaneous. And
hey were evidently a race Of warriors.
One of the most curious facts dis
~