The age-herald., 1902-05-11

A prisoner of war is a public enemy armed or attached to the hostile army for active aid who nas fallen into the hands of the captor, and as such Is ex- posed to the inconvenience as well as entitled to the privileges of prisoner of war. Citizens who accompany an army
 for whatever purpose may be made pris- oners of war.
 If the people of an invaded country rise under a duly authorized levy en masse to resist invasion, they are now treated if captured as prisoners of war, and no belligerent has the right to declare that he will treat every captured man in arms of levy en masse as a brigand or ban dit. If, however, the people of coun- try, or any portion of 1t already occu- pied by an army, rise against 1t they are violators of the laws of war and are not entitled to their protection.
 A prisoner of war Is subject to no pun ishment for being a public enemy, nor may any revenge be wrecked upon him; but he remains answerable for crimes committed against the captors army or people before he was captured, for which he has not been punished by his own au thcrities. All prisoners of war are liable to the infiction of retaliatory measures.
 I. Is against the usage of modern war to give no quarter, but commander Is permitted so to direct his troops. in great straits, when hls own salvation makes 1t impossible to cumber himself with pris- oners. Troops that give no quarter re- ceive none.
 An enemy may be ordered put to death if within three days after capture it be discovered that he belongs to a corps which gives no quarter. Unnecessary or revengeful destruction of life Is not law full Modern war usage permits no Nio- lence against prisoners in order to ex- tort Information or to punish them for having given false information. Men who commit hostilties whether by fighting or by raids of any kind without being part of the organized hostile army and without sharing continuously in the war, but who intermitt ently return to their homes, or occasionally assume the semblance of peaceful pursuits, divesting themselves of the character or appear | ance of soldiers. are not public enemies and if captured are not entitled to the
 treatment of prisoners of war but shall be treated summarily as highway rob
 bers or pirates.
 Armed providers, by whatever name
 they may be called, or persons of the en- emy's territory, who steal within the lines of the hostile army for the pur- pose of robbing, killing or of destroying bridges, roads or canals. or robbing the mail, or cutting telegr aphs are not en- titled to the privileges of prisoners of
 war.
 War rebels are persons within an oc- cupied terrto ory who rise in arms against the occupying or ccnquerirg army or against the authorities established by the same If captured they may suffer death whether they rise singly in large or small bands, or whether they are called upcn to do so by their own, but expelled government not. They are not pris- oners of war, nor are they if discovered and secured before their conspiracy has
 matured to an actual rising or to armed violence.
 All intercourse between the territories occupied by beligerent armies, by traf- fic letter, travel or in any other way
 ceases. Contraventions of this rule are highly punishable.
 spy Is a person who secretly, in dis