davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1902-09-11
Auction.


l will sell at auction on the Vogel
farm, q miles directly south OF Sank
Centre, on Saturday, Sept. 20, com
mencing at 10 O'Clock a. M, the fol-
lowing property, to-wit: l gelding,
eight years old, weighs 400; mare,
eight years old, weighs 1900; team;
l five-year-old, HOO lbs; two-year-
old colt; 2 geldings, 12-years-old,
weigh HOO each; spring colts; 8
mich cows, fresh; lwo-year -old
heifers with calf; ! three-year-old
heifer with calf; 2 yearling heifers;
yearling bulls; spring calves; 2
sows with pigs; 7 spring pigs, we'll
bred.
Machinery: Minneapolis binder;
l Deering binder; corn husker. near
ly new; l moving machine; l hay
rake; l Spring Tooth Cultiyator, near
ly new;1 17-Disk drill, nearly new:
l Oliver Gang Plow; l 3-horse har-
row; 2 single buggies, one with top;
l wide tire wagon, nearly new; 2 mar
row tire wagons; 2 sets bob sleds; l
tanning mill; l swell body cutter; 8
sets heavy harness; l single harness;
Ii acres of corn in shock; a lot of milk
cans and other things too numerous
to mention.
Terms-Under IS cash; IS and ever,
thirteen months on approved paper at
6 per cent. Lunch at II, noon.
BEN. VoGEL.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1902-09-11
Lost, Found, For Sale, Etc.
Estrayed.

A yearling red heller, with round
hole in one ear, escaped from my
herd in the north part of the city of
Sank Centre. Whoever will return
her to me, or give valuable informa-
ton will be suitably rewarded. Ad-
dress, ANTON MILLER,
Sank Centre. y
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1902-09-11

The disease of Liver Complaint is
alarmingly prevalent and dangerous.
Mull's Pioneer LIVER Cureha brought
healthto ahost $1.0Odra
in each 100 box as a guarantee. 25c.
For sale by Hanson & Emerson.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1902-09-11
Stenographers Wanted.

We want more young men to take up
shorthand and typewriting. We are
always short in supplying calls on us
tor help Three good positions were
offered us this week, none of which
could be filled. LEWIS Ii. VATH.
Business College,
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1902-09-11

While demolishing an ancient church
at Lalinde, near Perigueux, France,
some workmen found an egg apparent
imbedded in the mortar Of a wall that
had been standing for fully 300 Years.
4. +
Rounds out the hollsw pla S; smooths
out lines that creep about sne's ace; woos
roses back to faded cheeks. That is what
Rocky Mountain Tea does. IS cts. Han
son {. Emerson
An Austrian iron trust was formed
recently. and Hungarian and Bosnia
firms have been asked to Join.
The mosquito eggs are, it is said,
Matched in from four to seven days, &C
cording to the warmth Of the weather.
+ 1. 1.
Do not be persuaded into taking some
thing said to be :'just as good" as Madison
Medicine Co.'S Rocky Mountain Tea There
is nothing like it. s. c's., no more no less.
Hanson & Emerson.
Thirty years ago the census discov-
cred but four ice plants in the coun-
try, all of them in the south. In 1900
the number had increased to 1877, not
including firms that made ice for them
selves, and not more than half Of them
are in the south.
DR.. e. Detchon's Anti Diuretlc.
May be worth to you more than 500 if
you have child who soils bedding from in
conference of water during sleep. Cures
old and young alike. 1t arrests the trouble
at once. 81. Sold by Fiesler & McNeice.
Joseph Andreszswerownitzka is the
name of young Polish girl that ar
rived in Philadelphia from Liverpool
recently.
Arrangements are being made to
carry on a parcel service In connection
with the municipal tramways in Hall.
fax, England.
!. !. !.
When you awake in the morning feeling
like the end of misspent life, your mouth
full o. fir and your soul full Of regrets, take
Rocky Mountain Tea. Great Medicine.
Hanson & Emerson
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1902-09-11
Ready For Business.

Ready For Business.
The Minneapolis and Northern ele-
vator is in first-ciass condition, and
prepared to receive wheat, oats, fax,
barley and rye, for which the highest
prices are paid. Flour and feed for
sale. s, A. G. KAY,
Manager. r..
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1902-09-11
Get the Best.

If you want a cream separator
which has no equal call at my store
and examine the Omega. 1t has
points of superiority over every sep
orator it the market. 1t is self clean
ing and empties from the bottom.
Come in and let me explain it all to
Won G. Hillerud.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1902-09-11
Horses for SaIa

Horses for Sale.
We shall offer for sale a carload of
first-class farm horses from Iowa.
They will arrive on Monday next
Apply to B. F., and FRANK CARR.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1902-09-11

SPECIAL NOTICE. am the agent
in this vicinity for the celebrated
Estey organs for chapel, lodge, school
and home. VIM. HEN DRY.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1902-09-11

For SALE-As otner business de
mands my entire attention, I offer for
sale at low price my Cash Bargain
store on Third-st. It's good-paying
business. A. F. CHAPMAN.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1902-09-11
Flour and Feed.

Flour and Feed.
In order to accommodate the patrons
of the Farmers elevator, we have put
in line of -four and feed which we
shall sell as low as the lowest, either
in exchange for grain or for cash.
LEE & GINGERY.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1902-09-11

WANTED-Horses to pasture. In
uire of Fred B. Rowe.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1902-09-11

When you awake in the morning feeling
like the end of misspent life, your mouth
full o. fir and your soul full Of regrets, take
Rocky Mountain Tea. Great Medicine.
Hanson & Emerson
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1902-09-11

On September LIST I will again open
a tailor shop on west Third-st, fourth
door west from Simonton's store, and
will be prepared to make suits and
overcoats. Also refining, repairing,
cleaning and pressing. All work
guaranteed.
o. INGEBRITSON
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1902-09-11

CEDAR FENCE POSTS-Use posts
that will not rot. Call on B. F. Carr
for prices. Ill
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1902-09-11

WANTED--Good girl for general
homework. M. COtter.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1902-09-11

FOR RENT--Three good ooms over
Guthnlann & Abeles store. Inquire OF
d. r. Guthmann.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1902-09-11

For RENT-Furnished rooms. In
quire at the Germania House. 7-11-3t.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1902-09-11

WANTED-Two first class horse
shoers. Steady employment. AID
dress, Andrew Stewart, Sank Centre.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1902-09-11

For SALE-A carriage in gssd re
pair, cheap, by L. r. Barto.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1902-09-11

WANTED-Girls to learn milliner.
at Cothlow & Co.'S. Good position at.
ter learning. 40
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1902-09-11
Announcement

F. E. Minnette, auctioneer.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1902-09-11

FOR SALE-Screen doors, awnings
and storm windows for sale cheap.
GUTHMANN & ABELES.
Middletown transcript., 1902-02-08
wARw1cK HArfarrEas


Miss Grace Brown is convalescing.
Miss Helen N. Eaton spent Thursday
at home.
Mr. Harry Kirby was an Odessa visitor
on Thursday.
Mr.. NJ. Z. vinyard. Of Cecilton, spent
Wednesday in town.
Service at the M. P. Church Sunday,
1890 o'clock, A. M.
Mrs. Verena Vinyard spent Thursday
with Mrs. U. P. CHM.
Mr.. and Mrs. Uric P. CHM were brief
visitors in town on Tuesday.
Miss Lizzie Caldwell is spending this
week with Mrs. w. ]. Lofland.
The snow affords much pleasure and
enjoyment for the young Of our town at
this present writing.
Miss B. B. Lofand has returned home
after pleasant visit among friends in
Chester and Philadelphia.
Invitations have been received for the
18th birthday anniversary of Miss Ethel
Manlove Monday evening.
The c. E. Society held its business
meeting and social at the home OF Mrs.
r. B. Merritt Thursday evening.
Mrs. Elwood Williams, of Washington,
D. c., has returned home after most
pleasant visit with relatives here
Rev. Perry, of Leads, Nd, viii be
present at the G. E.. Social Thursday
evening, and will deliver an address to
the members.
Miss G. Wilson Strayer, daughter of
Strayer, win give an Elocu-
tionary Recital in the NJ. P. Church on
Friday evening, February 14th. She
will be assisted by the M. P. choir. Ad-
mission 20 cents.
Middletown transcript., 1902-02-08
saw HIS SHADOW

The ground hog had his day Sunday
and after scampering round in the dull
light for sundry hours, observed his
shadow thrown by the afternoon sun,
and scooted back to his hole to remain
through six weeks of hard weather Ac-
cording to the old saying, if he had not
seen his shadow he would have remained
out, and fair weather for six weeks would
have led to an early spring. The weather
conditions seemed to follow the theory
that the ground hog returned to his hole
expecting hard weather, for the wind got
high in the afternoon and the tempera-
ture fell, the slush turning to ice.
Middletown transcript., 1902-02-08
THE VERDICT In THE RHODES CASE

In THE Court of General
Sessions this week Mr.. George
B. w. Rhodes pleaded guilty to
assault on Mr.. Harry K. Arm
strong and the Attorney General
accepted this plea quashing the
Indictment for assault with in
tent to kill. Mr.. Rhodes was
fined one hundred dollars and
costs. This result was probably
the correct one, as no one be-
lieved that Mr.. Rhodes had any
murderous intention and the
whole affair was one of those un-
fortunate cases in which a mans
temper gets the best of him.
Middletown transcript., 1902-02-08
MEx1co AND CALIFORNIA

The Pennsylvania Railroad Personally.
Conducted Tour to Mexico and California
which leaves New York and PhiladeIphia
on February IL by special Pullman train,
covers a large and intensely interesting
portion of North America, embracing a
great part of Mexico, the beautiful coast
resorts of California, and on the return
journey from California, the Grand Canon
of Arizona, one of the great wonders of
the country. Fourteen days will be
spent in Mexico and nineteen in Califor-
mia. The Mexico and California Special,
to be used over the entire trip, will bs
composed of the highest grade Pullman
Parlor, Smoking, Dining, Drawing-room,
Sleeping Compartment, and Observation
cars, heated by steam and lighted byelec-
trioity. Round-trip rate, covering all
necessary expenses during the entire
trip, $575 from all points on the Pennsyl-
yania Railroad system east of Pittsburq.
and $50 from Pittsburg. For the tour of
Mexico only the rate will be $3.50, and
for Califoania only, which will leave Feb
ruary %, 1878. For itinerary and full in
formation. apply to ticket agents, or ad-
dress George w. Boyd, Assistant General
Passenger Agent, Broad Street Station,
Philadelphia.
Middletown transcript., 1902-02-08
BOHEMIA MANOR ITEMS

Our young folks are again enjoying the
skating.
Mr.. Harry Kibler attended euchre in
Elkton on Thursday evening.
Miss Helen M. Larzelere spent Satur-
day and Sunday with her parents id Elk
ton.
Mrs. Walter G. Clayton and sons were
guests of Mr.. and Mrs. George Padley OF
Cecilton, Md, on Sunday.
An examination was held in the public
schools last week. A seml-annual exam
ination being required by the school
board.
Mr.. and Mrs. Julius Clayton attended
a dinner given by Mr.. Frank B. Howard
at his home 'Randalia" on Friday even
ing last.
Mr.. Roger Williams, of Pierce's BUSH
ness School, Philadelphia, spent Satur-
day and Sunday with his mother, Mrs.
John ]. Williams.
Several of the young people from here
attended the dance given in the Masonic
Hall in Chesapeake City, by the young
men Of that town on Monday night.
Miss M. Lionne Beaston was present
at house party given last week by Mrs.
Harry V. Manlove in Elkton. There
were six young ladies enjoyed the hospi-
tality of Mrs. Manlove, the unnamed be-
ing from Chesapeake City.
Middletown transcript., 1902-02-08
nlfrrna b rRurr aRoWERs

All the growers of peaches throughout
the Delaware peninsula, and everybody
interested in the peach business, from
the basket maker to the commission mer-
chant and country storekeeper, assem-
bled at Dover in big convention to con-
slider the advisability Of doing away with
the time-honored Delaware peach basket
as carrier. The Kent County Court
House never contained a more eager or
more interesting convention. At first it
was thought that more politics would be
discussed than peach baskets, Of course,
on the outside. When the basket discus
sion began, however, politics were en-
tirely forgotten about.
The days proceedings resulted in an
overwhelming overthrow Of the action
recently taken by the Kent County
Grange and the Peninsula Horticultural
Society at Berlin, deciding that some COW,
cred package must be adopted in the
shipment of the 1000, 900 baskets Of fruit
which this peninsula produces, for the
reason that new methods required more
tempting package that could be carried
home by the average housewife in mar
kets, that the railroad companies could
not afford to continue the shelving of
cars to accommodate the top-heavy peach
baskets, that cars could be used for other
purposes during the season and would
not have to be carried back empty, that
commission men preferred the carrier and
frequently had the fruit changed from
the Delaware peach basket to the Hud-
son river carrier, so that they would sell
more readily.
There was SO much enthusiasm while
some of the testimony was being taken
that the witnesses were interrupted by
applause.
Three hundred farmers were called
back after the committee found in favor
of old peach baskets and meeting was
had. There were lively speeches attack
ing the Peninsula horticultural Society,
and declaring its officers were silenced
with railroad passes.
The Peninsula Fruit Growers Protec-
tive Association was formed to employ
the best legal talent obtainable to right
farmers wrongs at the hands of transpor-
tation companies. i
The executive committee is composed of |
Jerome A. Davis, Goldsboro; B. l.. Cop
page, Talbot; George W. Wilson, Bridge
vile; ia. Ellegood, Glendale; George
H. Hall, Milford; Thomas B. Giles, Sea-
ford; Charles Hastings, Laurel; John ].
Rosa, Milford; John Heyd, FELTON,; B. T.
Conwell, Magnolia; Harry Mcdaniel,
Dover. R. M. Cooper, Smyrna. Mr..
Giles is president; Mr.. Heyd, treasurer,
and Mr.. Hastings, secretary.
Middletown transcript., 1902-02-08
woRKHoUsE CRUELTY ALLEGED

Joseph Clark and James Porter, alias
"Pottsville Red, " released from New Cas-
tie County workhouse, are telling stories
of alleged cruelty at the institution,
Clark declared that because he asked
another prisoner for match he was
"triced up' to cell door over two hours
by Handwriting bis wrists to the bars in
such position that the tipe of his toes
only touched the floor. Porter declares
that l3 negroes who recently took part
in the revolt were s'triced up in similar
manner. Chief Warden Meserve, Of the
workhouse. SAYS that men who disobey
the rules are punished. The 13 negroes
we're, he says, handcuffed to the doors
OF their cells FIVE feet above ground, and
they could stand solidly on the floor.
The ringleaders of the revolt are pun.
ished in this manner daily. bnt they are
given plenty OF reel.
Middletown transcript., 1902-02-08
PENINSULA NOTES

The term of Postmaster Jesse West
at North East, expires this month.
A volunteer fire company has beer
organized at Havre de Grace, with w
J. Deioy as president.
Rev. s. s. Greenwell, of st. Dennis,
has accepted call to the First Presby.
terian Church at BeIair.
Several hundred men and so horses
are harvesting ice on the Susquehanna
River in Cecil County for the American
Ice Company.
Rev. Alexander VI. Rich, Of st. James
Protestant Episcopal Church, Elkton,
has received call to the rectorship of a
Carnegie, Pa, church.
BY the will of Mrs. Johanna stoekle,
of Wilmington, the Delaware and Home-
pathic Hospitals each receive $500 and
the Riverview Cemetery $500.
Cold weather has SO delayed work on
the plant of the Pullman Car Company
in Wilmington that it is not expected to
be ready for use before April 1st.
The Episcopal clergy of the Diocese of
Delaware, Thursday observed quiet day
at Bishopstead, the instructor being Rev.
Floyd W. Tomkins, of Philadelphia.
The State and City Departments of
Elections of Wilmington have decided to
secure separate Offices, although the
same three men are members of both de-
partments.
John Banks, assistant Treasurer OF
Cecil County, has completed the six
months report for Cecil County, show
ing cash balance on December 30th of
$33, 1885.
Sheriff Mcdaniel sent deputy to Mid.
dletown to serve summons on seven
teen witnesses and charged mileage on
all the cases, but the County Court has
decided that he was entitled to only one
charge.
The New Castle County Grand Jury
Thursday ignored the bill charging w.
T. Colmery, county constable, and John
Chalmers, town bailiff, of Newark, with
having assaulted Joseph H. Petit, who
claimed the men arrested and roughly
treated him. FAVE,
John Lewes, who inpudently refused to
take the oath in New Castle County
Court, on Wednesday, and who was sent
to the workhouse for contempt, made an
explanation in Court Thursday, testified
and was allowed to 90 without further
punishment.
City Solicitor Reinhardt, Of Whining.
Ion, has requested Council to find out as |
early as possible whether Philip L. Gar.
rett or Samuel s. Adams, Jr., is the law |
Iul Assistant City Solicitor, as Mr.. Rein
hardt needs help. He appointed Mr.. |
Garrett assistant, but Council named Mr.. |
Adams.
The trustees of the Cecil County Board
If Poor and Insane have made the fol-
owing appointments: Overseer at aims
house, Charles H. Moody; matron, Mrs.
Moody; superintendent at Insane Asy-
um, Albert 7. Abernathy; matron, Mrs.
Abernathy; keeper, Harry 7. Thayer;
Dr.. P. B. Housekeeper, North
East.
Middletown transcript., 1902-02-08
cEc1LroH s1rr1Ees

Mr. Ollie Clark spent Monday evening
in town.
Miss bessie Boulden is visiting relatives
in the city.
Mr.. Charles Roberts, of Odessa, was in
town on Wednesday.
Miss Mamie Pearce was the guest Of
Miss Daisy Hoover on Tuesday.
Mr.. Elwood Donohoe, of Wilmington,
is on visit to his relatives in and near
town.
Mr.. James Boyles has purchased q fine
organ from Mr.. Charles Roberts, Of
Odessa.
Mr.. Harry Jones, of Earleville, dined
with his sister, Mrs. Robert Reilley on
Tuesday.
Mr.. Fred Myers had his knee hurt
very bad on Tuesday by E. s. Shorts
horse falling on him.
Miss Amanda Stevens has returned to
her home after visit with her cousin,
Mrs. Harry Jamison.
Mrs. Mary Millikin is spending the
winter with her daughter, Mrs. Mollie
Hunter, of Philadelphia.
Miss Nellie Lusby and Mr.. George
Morgan spent Tuesday evening with DR..
and Mrs. R. MarkleY Black.
Messrs. Edgar Davis and Allie Price
the sale of Mr.. Arthur Mitchell
near Elkton on Wednesday.
Middletown transcript., 1902-02-08
DEATH OF LEVI KIRK

Levi Kirk who has been trusted EN-.
ployee Of Tbs Lincoln Safe Deposit Co..
of New York city for the past nineteen
years, had shock Of apoplexy on the
evening of January Goth, and died before
medical assistance could reach him. He
was for eighteen years employed on the
Erricson line in various capacities; most
Of that time was on the line of steamers
that ran between New York and Balti-
more, and at that time resided at Chesa-
peake City, Md, where be was born in
ls4l. He was buried in Bethel Cemetery
at Pivot Bridge, near Chesapeake CITY.
Nd. ON January 23d. He eleaves widow
and one son to mourn his death. The
son is in the employ of The Linet In Sale
Deposit Co., Of New York city.
Middletown transcript., 1902-02-08
sales 10 Take Place

On WEDNESDAY, February 12th,. 1902,
at 10 o'clock A. M.-Sale Of stock, farm.
ing implements, etc, BY Frank R. Pool,
at McDonough. Jos. NJ Armstrong,
Auctioneer.
MONDAY, FEBRUARY 18th, 1902 Sale
of stock, farm implements, &C., by J. H.
Spicer, near Walkers School House, on
the David J. Cummins Farm. D. p.
Hutchinson, auctioneer.
WEDNESDAY, February 10Th, 1902
Stock and farming implements, ETC., by
r. e. Waters, on the road leading from
Blackbird to Green Spring. W. Harman
Reynolds, auctioneer.
TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 25th, 1906. Pub
lie sale of Stock, farm implements, &c !,
by Alex. Maxwell, on his farm near Mid
dletown. VIM. S. Smith, auctionee.
TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 25th, 1902. Sale
of personal property by Levi Watson, on
the road from Townsend to Eeldsboro;
one mile east of Townsend. D. P. Hut
Gibson, auctioneer.
WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 26th, 1902
Sale of stock. farm implements, &C., by
Alexander Deakyne, on the "Corbit
Farm" near Taylor's Bridge. w. Har-
man Reynolds, auctioneer.
THURSDAY, MARCH 18th, 19O2-sale of
Stock, Farming implements ETC., of Mrs.
Laura F. Jones, near st. Georges, w. ].
Smith, auctioneer.
FRIDAY, MARCH 21st, 19O2.-Public sale
of Stock, farm implements, household
goods, &C., by Abram Vandegrift, on the
"Home Farm" one-quarter mile north of
Port Penn. Jos. M. Armstrong, auction
eer.
Middletown transcript., 1902-02-08
EARLEy1LLE NOTES

Mr.. W. W. Allen was at Cecilton on
Wednesday.
Miss Ethel Duhamell started to school
at Cecilton on Monday morning.
Miss Mamie Taylor and Mr.. Matthews
were at Cecilton one evening last week.
Mrs. Mollie J. Duhamell and Harry
Jones, of this town were married on Sum
day February I'd, 1902.
Mr.. William Rowan and friend were
in Cecilton on Wednesday and some one
said Willis horse was left behind.
Middletown transcript., 1902-02-08
Counnil tn Hold Finan

1t has been determined by the mem.
bers of City Council of Wilmington, that
the Law and Order Society which made
the recent raids on disorderly houses,
shall not get portion of the fines col
lected unless. it sues, and not then, unless
it should be decided that the society is
entitled to one-half the amount collected.
There also has been a question raised
as to whether the police had right to
bring number of people to the City
Hall as result of the raid for the pur-
pose of summoning them for witnesses.
Middletown transcript., 1902-02-08
FARMING IMPLEMENTS

Three farm wagons, milk dearborn, hay
nggings. Osborne binder, good as new; Os-
borne mower, new; Bickford q Human
drill. hand cultivators. Osborne horse rake,
z wood frame harrows, spring tooth harrow,
! Randall harrow, fan. corn shelter, grain
bags, two-hoEHe ploWs, one-horse plOw,
roller, erindstone. shoyels, hoes, forks,
and double Two, three and four horse trees,
hedge knives, straw knives, milk cans sleigh,
wagon, plow and dearborn harness, brides
ano collars, cook stove. farm bell, chairs and
many other articles not herein mentioned.