The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1902-01-20
LESSON XII.

-. The uses of the Infinite mode. pres
ehl and perfect lenses may be stated as
fol4ows:
va Inc infinite appears as a noun and
Nefe' o1ten with the modifiers and con-
structors Of both. Example: FL unico(5)
ser que compensate la rnisIeria 10 mi
exlstenc1a era mi madre, the only being
VINO made up for the wretchedness OF. nv
eAlstence was my mother. Los seres ce-
lestiales, the heavenly beings. A nesar
oe los Resaries, in spite Of spites d. .. in
spite OF everything). Else immense noder
! .ndt DQundless power. Los poderes civ
lles' the CIVIL power. Ell hablar eIocuen-
Lehhente es propio del orador Conocar a
81 mismo es la mayor sabid11ria ~ 49,.
oneself IS the greatest knowledge.
20 The infinitive depends On MANY
VERBS with and without propositions (see
sectlon Do, g. Examples: PuedO venir
can come Creo haber padecdo. he he.
HeVes that he has suffered Quiero saIir
l wish 70 go out. Teme morir. he fears
70 die. Hemos acabado de leer we have
i III ll reading Los ha dejado escapar,
ne mas allowed them to escape. NO de-
Jaietl de hacer TODD 10 que puedo para
dLIvlar su pesar para servir a Y.
anall not cease to do all that / can Ia
TO you. - service
~ Ane 4hlIhltlVe, usually with a prepo-
F1Sa uepehdS on nouns and adjsctives.
A4Ne'ii'ies. Papel de escublr. writine,
paper. Util2) para TODD, useful for
everything. Espacio suficiente nara
reclDlr algo, space sufficient "a receive
something Tiene las cadidades neces0
arlas para hacer aquelIa taera he has,
Tue QUANTITIES needed for doing that task
10 dlgnIo soy de contemplarte an,
worthy to behold thee
(0) RV +T,o
ING dependent infnitive comes 10 sto-,a
independently. Often thus IN noetr,r 800 a,l,
IN passages denoting emotions ~
aHlples: o pecar vos a esperarn,a
~ el1 ana We to await me. Esta ciudad
80 ulceh ser una maravilla this cit1,
"lilc4 they say is a marvel. !Hacer go
~ ~ ! 20 that! !Haberte depado ast(11I
W. w nave left thee thus? ?Que hacerp
30, 80 ~ : ues haberlo dicho antes, then
you ought to have said it before
~ Inc uses of the participIes besides
nose already so abundantly shown rne
compound Verb-forms), are the FOLLOWING.
"a Inc present participle (or rnnra
strictly the gerund) never CHANGES its
t LL. ana IS not employed really as an al
yecIVe, contrasting in both these noints
WIN the past participle
~ Both participles arc rsad aheo,,.4-
~ that Is, In adverbiaI clauses thar Ia
note time, cause, manner or means coz
bielo5, concession, etc. Examples: Ha-
olehdole dlcho mi deseo, having fold III,
ny oeslre. Dlcho este, Sc fuerOn this
Sdlu' they went away Estudiando 90
aprenoe Cor en- estudiando, etc ! nv ct,,71
is one ltafns. No siendo possible hacor
80, - SleIta, 1t being impossible to do
dlythlnS, chez sits down. Ounriepdo
uaar al desgraciado Ie pre- en- noatyor
pehgfo. though (or while) desirino ~ ga
nc Unfortunate man, he put him in great
81 peril Sablda Ia noticia, Sc retiraron.
tle news learned, they withdrew
~ Inc gerund or present particinle of-
zen lolioWs the proposition en-, in: bur tbn
Lsoe pdrllclple often follows despues dc
@Ateh' ahtes de, before, and duago dc %
soon as (section 66, d. and occurs seine
tlnnes after para, for. Examples Of tha
latter; No es para negado. it is not ~
De denied (undeniable) Fsta. noticia M
% para hegada, this news is not (oueb +
hot) to be denied
lol some part participles are used only
a present paruciples, that is as ACTIVE
of-as adJectives. Such are atrevido "a,
ing, acordado, prudent, ca1Iado - si1 "a
creldo, believing, divertido, amusing az
.entIoo' knowing, intelligent, parecido
s q sufrldo, patient Examples: m
iloio' override, an amusing book. I'm
lonlpre callado silent man. Past mar
lic!ples generally may serve as ad1ectives
anu hehce SIS nouns. Examples: Desp1ee
ue los pflmeros cumplidos, after the first
I'm pIihehts. La interrogada, the Qadv) |
1nterrogated La querida. the sweet, |
heart sweet
~ In appearance the eerund alec |
sometimes appears as adjective or nom
put It IS really the Latin particiDIes in |
NOUS Examples: Un curse yitando 4 /
course to be avoided. Los libros expur |
gandos, books to be expurgated. Los
eXamlnados. the (persons) to be exam I
lhed' Note as substitutes for the two |
examples; Los lfbros que han de ser
eXpurgados. Los que han de ser exam
inados.
e, ~ Representatives and diminutives- |
Ihese are derivative words. nouns. adj !
JectfVes or particiDles, Sometimes ad-
verbs, that denote the primitive as large !
OF snlall-sometimes as expressive or af- |
Iecuon, at other times denoting ridicule
aversion, etc. Such derivatives are
marked by their ending, as follows:
(a) Ihe most frequent diminutive end
ing IS ito, tia Cor cito, ecito); others, but
with less fondness and more depreciation
IN their meaning are lilo (cillo, eciuo) |
ueIo (zuelo, ezuelo), etc, eta (cete. aeeta1
ego, Ella: leo (cico, ecico); in. ira @inyo |
1nya- Words in o and drop these VOW
els before receiving a terminating Of this
k1nd' words in and n. especially if poly
syltables, prefer ejo, Ella, or otto (cico). |
clio, suelo, cete, while monosyllabIes
take the longer endings ecito (ecico)
cello, ezuelo. In the following examines
the masculine primitive or the form in q
IS given before the diminutive: Hermono.
hermanito, little brother. RegaIo gift. re-
galito little or nice gift Guapo. pretty
guaplto, nice and pretty. Joven
young, jovencito, young and nice. FIRES
CO. cool, aqua fresquita, nice, cool water
Despaclo, slowly, despacito, or algo des-
paeio, rather slowly
ID The most common augmentative
endlngs are on, ona, aza, Indicating
laFgeness or grotesqueness: ote, ota.
acho (ucho), acha, indicate contemDt
examples: Cigarro, cigar, cigarron. big
cigar; cuchara, spoon, cucharon, ladle:
boca, mouth, Docazo, big mouth: hereie
neretlc, EereJazo, or herejote, great he
reuc; casa house, cascha, Wretched
mousse mouse; peolo' people, populacho, popu-
lace or masses.
go The suffixes azo and ada are often
added TO names of instruments or WeaD-
onS, the word thus derived meaning the
dow or wound produced by the WeaDon
etc. Examples: Abanico, fan, abanicazo
dow with fan; fus1l, gun, fuslIazo. gum
shot; lama, spear, lanzada, spear thrust
campana bell, campanada, stroke of a
bell.
I'D Sometimes these endings appear to
nave lost their meaning or to have under
gone change. Thus senyora lady or as
a title, Mrs, gives Senyorita, young Iady
or miss; pan bread, gives panecillo loaf
OF bread; Varon, man, hero; IadriIla. a
brick; conejo, coney or rabbit; billete,
ticket, etc.
81. Business letters often use set forms
ana APPROXIMATIONS that our simpler modes