The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1902-03-16

Carlo is the capital, has an area Of only
eight square miles, but a population Of
1884. n the Pyrenees mountains, near
the town Of Pau, is another little semi
! independent state of coo square miles
and about 1900 inhabitants It is called
Andora, and lies between the Spanish
! province of Lerida and the French de-
partment OF Arriege entirely surrounded
by mountains. It consists Of a little
pocket of a valley. in which is the source
of the Segra river. The inhabitants
raise sheep and cattle and little to-
bacco, rye and potatoes. There are
some iron and lead mines in the neigh
boring mountains which furnish en-
ployment for many Of the men, but the
larger part of their income is supposed
TO be gained by Illicit traffic in liquors.
tobacco and other articles upon which
both France and Spain impose a heavy
duty. They speak the Catalan dialect
Of the Spanish language, and their an
cestors were of Spain.
From so far back as no Andora has
maintained her autonomy. In that year
the daughter OF the Count Of Castelbo.
who exercised feudal authority IN the
French Count of Folk, and both the
government Of Spain and the government
Of France guaranteed neutrality and pro-
lection to their domain. In 1918 the privi-
leges of the community were confirmed
by the church and the bishop OF Urgel
was made the permanent ruler. Since
that date the little settlement has been
practically Independent although thcoret-
ically it is under the protection of both
France and Spain. and pays an annual
tribute OF $50 francs TO each government.
Andora has preserved the medieval Gus
toms. institutions and forms of govern
ment Under the bishop Of Urgel there IS
a ''consen general" OF twenty-four mem
hers. elected by the people, who have
Jurisdiction over secular affairs. make
the laws. appoint the judges and civil
officials and collect and disburse the
taxes. which are imposed upon the focks /
Of sheep and herds of cattle instead Of
upon the land. he pastures are owned by
the people in common and are subject 20
the use Of any one who desires upon pay
ment OF this tax. There is an army OF coo
men who exercise police authority IN de-
tails of fifty or more and are commanded
by TWO '' viguiers." one Of whom is nom /
mated by the government OF France ard I
The other BY the bishop OF Ursel.
San Marino however. Is genuine re +
public and was founded by 81 stone cctter (
from Dalmstia named Marinus. who took 7.
refuge in Mount Titsnus TO escape pcrse- I
cution during the reign Of the ERperor .
Diocletian. There. il The solitude Of the f
rocks. was founded the drst Christian 1
hermitage. which IS now 3 pretty town .
II go inhabitants. with handsome rest
iences and public buildings. well paved
md wei lighted. q tleater seating 90 .
people a public library az la01a volumes.
museum filled with interesting listori-
al relies. archaeological specimens and /
works Of art; q university whose diplomas
p law. medicine and The sciences are
-ecoguized in ltalv aad France. ard a
velI organized system Of common schools
The peace IS preserved BY q police force
Il twelve men, who are changed fire.
luenJly. being detailed from an army
numbering thirty-eiElt officers AMI e5l
,rivates The regulations are SO made
hat each soldier shah serve d certain
lumber of DAYS every year on the police
orce. ana no compensation IS paid e1Cept
o. the permanent officers IN charge The
dea Is 10 relieve THE administration IRON
my suspicion OF an cndeavor 10 support
,self 10y force. which would he impossible
.nde- the system o. rotation IN authority
'he same system prevails Throughout tha
ntire government from the highest 70