davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington bee., 1902-11-08
Negro Labor in Factories.

Prof. Jerome Dowd, a prominent
soCiOlOgIst, formerly of Trinity College,
North Carolina, now of the University
0t Wisconsin, writes as follows ofnegrO
factory labor in the Southern z0OrknGG
for November.
~ OK IN manufacturing lines is be-
coming more intensive and requires,
for success, men who are not skilled,
but who live an orderly life and have
acquired special traits of character
Ch raCJer is coming to be the para
mount factor in all lines of activity.
The chief difference between races, ma
tions, and individuals is in charac-
ter, rather th'n in intellect. The
Greeks were mighty in intellect, but
they SuCCumbed 10 the COTTuptiOnS of
the flesh Even the French people
acknowledge their own deficiency in
ability 10 give the prolonged attention
and 10 exercise the patience and self
restraint so necessary TO factory life;
and hence | do not hesitate to say that
the negro has not yet reached the stage
of development which fits him for man
uiaCturing occupations. This state
ment should not shock the most Opti-
miStic of the negro race, for the reason
that after century of trial the white
man is hardly yet qualified for such
work.
The great problem for the negro,
as for ali races of men, is the building
of character. 1t is only the moral race
that makes progress. Teaching the
negro to read and write is not solving
the problem OF his destinity. He must
be established in those occupations
which correspond to his stage OF de-
velopment. With the proper industrial
footing, he cannot have too much lit
erary nr other knowledge. The great
est mistake that the Negro has made
in the past Ga mistake made by most
white people, has been the attempt 10
start al the TOP instead of at the bot
tom. | think that the avenues should
be kept open for any exceptionally en-
dOWed negro to re lCh the very sum-
NIT OF human attainment, but for the
great mass of the race, the most rap
Id lines of advance lie IN the dire Ctio n
OF agricultural pursuits.
The Washington bee., 1902-11-08
DR.. B. J. BOLDEN.

One Of the Most Scholarly Pastors in
the Country Orator and Writer.
One of the most distinguished Pas
tors in lhe ColnIry is Rev. b. Bolden,
pastor ofthe John Wesley Church. Rev.
Bo'dea came TO this city about three
years ago, entirely unknown TO the
people. Since his stay in the city he
has made many friends and has accom-
pliShed great deal for the church Of
which he is pastor. 7. John Wesley
church and its members are old land
marks of Washington. before the cd
church was sold on Connecticut ave.
the people had concluded that the time
never would come for them TO leave
that spot. Rev. Bolden. who is a man
OF thorough business tact was doing
all in his power to get good price tor
the church. He at last succeeded and
obtained a good price and made equ-
ally as good bargain when he puT-
chased the Berean Baptist Church. A
side from his business qualifications
he is a scholar and orator. He IS an
editor of no mean ability. He has ex-
Cellent journalistic qualifications and
would no doubt do great good II he
We're the editor of some influential pa
per connected with the A. NJ. Z. L.
THE Rec has always admired Rev.
Bolden for his ability and great busi-
ness quahfiCa ions. More may be SAID
after the dedicatory exercises OF his
church.
The Washington bee., 1902-11-08

enings. He was an apt pupil and learn, d
to write SO nearly like his precept, T
that whea he 70 ged an order for q.
suit of clothes my father thought it
best 10 pay the bill and TO settle with
ms PrOtege PriVateLY. This he did in
Characteristic Southern fashion-wlth
the better part of buggy whip
Such justice is not unusual in the
South even to this day. and il was my
fathers way of dealing with the blacks
on MS place. He never prosecuted
one of them, and if the miscreant hap
pened to be the head of a family he
was made 10 work out a suitable "re-
pentanCe" in the cotton fields. Thus
when 'Uncle Billy" penned nine fat
shoatS under his cabin and devoured
four OF chem before his theft was detect.
ed Cheertully released the remaining
five and sent his half rown son to
work out" the value of the four mar
tyred pigs, plus thirty days for moral
etfeCt-a WCarlOus punishment so far
As Uncle Billy" was concerned, but
he argued TO NV father that the lesson
might do the Young man good.
And it may interest northern read
ers TO learn tnat this typical southerner
always voted" every negro man on
his place. | 90 not know what would
have happened if one had failed TO vote
for the right man" as no such con-
tingency ever arose. The white pri-
mary" has simpllhed many problems
in the South since then B sides, the
negro has discovered that his citizen
ship has a financial value, and his vote
Is nov on the market for sale TO the
highest bidder. Never in the DAYS OF
slavery was he bought and sold more
TuthlesSly than he is today in the
South to serve the political ends of
white men.
To the idealist who imagines that
the negro has in him the making of a
virtuous citizen such state of affairs
is beyond belief. But il is vel enough
to bear in mind that IN tn. South the
white mans relations to the negro are
not based upon ideals or justice even.
With usitis questions of selfpresvation
and determination on the part of Il e
httesttO survive tho whole deCalOg e
OF virtues perish IN the struggle. =
our evils grow ont Of this race con-
sCIousness Of impending danger,
and we are ready to tempt or destroy
rather than TO endure even hand to
hand political cOntamina ion with the
negro. We prefer to be damned bY
our own SImS and not by their cUmpan-
lOnShlp. For this reason there is more
likelihood Of black supremacy fifty
years hence in New England than there
ever will be in the South. Protected
and humOred by the sentlmentality of
northern friends the negro will event
ually have the VII TO migrate in that
direction and avail himself of the stu
alton, first religiously, Hlterward So
cially and politically, as they are now
said TO control the State of Ohio. Bat
from our point of view, being white at
all is SO eVerlaStingly better than being
''COlOred" that we are never likely to
be betrayed into forgetting the race
trust we have in our keeping.
The Washington bee., 1902-11-08

his bed, sit in his church, walk in his
garden. Whatever else it may do,
education rarely makes him self
respecting or self-sustaining socially.
Ills elbows need refining, he shows a
rabld desire to thrust himself in
where he is not wanted, and thus
proves c0nclusIvely that the $50 cling
process" in mental training fails to de-
StrOy the elemental fact OF all ilI-bred
nature-lts cOarSeneSs and ambitious
vuigdrity. These are some of the
reasons why the ornamental types of
this race are so carefully unknown in the
South. There is less danger of con.
tamination from our WasherWomen,
who are less presumptuCus, aud so,
less offensive.
The distinctions between whites and
blacks are drawn more closely in the
South where we ale guided 10y expeT-
IenCe raIher than bV theories u Senti-
ment in dealing with the negroes. |
was brought up on plantation where
there were nearly hundred negroes,
yet | do not r-memb Der ever TO have
sat III negro's cabin, nor since | have
had house of my own have | ever
seen d negro seated in it Except in the
kitchen, of Course,) unless she was
nursing a white child. l. was then on
ly an instructive race assertion of Su-
peTiOTity and difference; bur now the
separation betWeeen US Is based upon
anlipathy as well. White children no
longer wish to play with black ones,
whereas in those days we were their
inseparable companions. My own play
mates W re two negroes girls who were
bound TO my mother. We were sin
cerely attached TO each other. took all
our pleasures together and endured
our pun ShmenIS under the same Chas-
Jennings, tho here | suffered more than
they because | was "WhIte," and sup
posed to be more accountable for the
deeds done in the body.
1t is true that [ lost interest in this
companionship as | grew older, bur
my withdrawal was not the result OF
racial conCeit so much as it was the
inevitable outgrowing of oarbaric asse-
Citations. And in my opinion Nature
herself alienates the morally capable
from those in whom mere innocence
does not insure virtue later on; for altho
great pains were taken TO instruct these
girls, and inspite of the fact that their
conduct was carefully supervised, one
became a mother before sne was fifteen
and the other eloped with a married
man.
The fact is, doubt if anybody but
God can really make man. Our ex-
periments in that direction only look
well:and talk dramatically. They do
not pan out in the eud. And in this
connection | recall my fathers effort
to make one. He began with as hand
some black dust STRIPPING as one ever
finds in the South. and for two years
this ladrecited lessons to himl the ev-
The Washington bee., 1902-11-08
The NEGRO PROBLEM.
HOW 1T APPEALS TO A SOUTH
ERN WHITE WOMAN.
From The Independent.

Elohi AC lAuCpCuuNul.
am 4 southern woman, thirty-hve
years of age, married, and the mother
of one child. | have lived in the South
ali my life in what Is known as The
"blaCk belt" and | know the negro
from tradition and experience.
This latter statement, however, does
not include the cultivated" negro,
who | should say, bears about thesame
relation to his race that hybrid Conser-
vatOry plant does TO the barbariC thorn
upon winch it was originally grated.
HIS scholarship always reminds me of
what florists call the forcing process. "
Caught up by the benetiCent influences
ofa civilization nOthIs own T. e is coached
into a high r grade f existence [ an Is
natural tUuum. and from the southern
point of view be becomes thoroughly
contemplate, not only because ne has
the contaglon Of mean, uuheroic dis
content in him which makes him a dan
gerOuS frebrand rather than a wise.
self sacrificing leader among his own
people, bntbcCauSe he Is nearly always
a snOU TO the white man, desires TO live
in the same house with him, sleep in
The Washington bee., 1902-11-08
BURNING SOFT COAL.
Handling Of Bituminous Fuel Must
Be Studied Carefully.
But II Directions Here Given Are
Needed, Houses May Easily BE
Kept WRrm-TOp Draft Ia
Necessary Always.

How many people understand how
to burn soft coal? OF course. the
problem presents but little difficulty
when proper furnaces and specially
prepared CRATES are installed for the
purpose, but when, as in this in
stance, one turns hurriedly from
hard to the soft fuel with the deter
mination to make present fXings do,
something more than a will is re-
quireG to find the way. Of course,
there is a way and it is simple enough
il reality, but it is a very different
way from that which must be em-
ployed with anthracite.
In the feed door Of every furnace
there is a slide damper TO admit air
over the fire. When anthracite is
used this is opened only if it is de-
sired to deaden the fire and lower the
temperature of the house. With soft
coal it must be left open all the time.
The great volume of gases evolved
from it in the coking process, which
is the first stage in its combustion,
NtAAs AOA lAAO1N cAA IMAM NllA bC EdA
through the body of fuel, and unless
this is supplied above the fire the
greatest value of the fuel is lost up
the chimney in uncOnsumed gases.
Too much air for good combustion
can be admitted oveE the fire, but it
is not likely to be the case if the
slide damper in the feed door of a
furnace built for anthracite is left
wide open all the time. The drafts
opening in the ash pit, on the other
hand, needs to be less widely and
continuously open than for anthra-
cite.
With the same amount of bottom
draft which it is customary to give
hard coal, soft coal would simulate
the combustion in a blast furnace
and call for constant stocking. The
householder must also remember
that the check draft in the smoke
pipe, which with anthracite is usual
ly kept open in moderate weather,
cannot be opened much if any with
soft coal, or the house viii fill with
smoke.
The best way is to leave it closed
altogether. With the attention to
The Washington bee., 1902-11-08

teacher at the Banneker school. Anua
Lynch as substitute kindergarten
teacher for the seventh and eighth
divisions. Miss Madeleine ?. Morris
as substitute grade teacher, and Jnlia
b. Stromberger at $500 per annum. K
Z. Lewis was transferred from sthe
eighth grade Principalship of The Jones
School 10 the principalshlp of the Car
net School.
Other changes in the schools were
announced as follows:
4. A. Chase, seventh grade, prin-
cipal OF Slater School, to tIgnth grad-
prlnCipalShip of Jones School; /. s.
Chase. TO prinCipalship of Slater; NJ. Et
Bruce from sixth grade, Slater, TO
seventh grade, Garnet School; X. K.
Martin, from filth grade, Patterson
School, TO Slater School. NJ. y. Ruby.
from fourth grade, Garnet School, to
nth grade, Patterson School; /, A.
Young, from second grade. Patterson
School, to third grace, Garnet; J..
Barney, from first grade, Rauneker
school, to second grade, Patterson
School.
The following promotions were or
dered: NJ. OH. vi Iiamson. from third
grade, Garnet School 10 fourth grade.
Garnet School; n s. Burke. from S47s
10 $3.50; A. NJ. Nelson. from $3.50 to S1z5;
+. 1. Beadle from ) 90 t0 $3.50; Nj. n.
Murphy, from thIrd TO fourth grade,
and from $500 10 $575; X. d. Jones, from
S575 to 5000.
The rU4lgnati rs of the following
The Washington bee., 1902-11-08
When the Hangman's Rope broke
All His NeighbOrs Said Purdy
was Innocent.

although never saw but one hang
ing, l witnessed a sight that even pro-
fessional hangmen have not seen, soid
A. A. AlbrechtOn, of Columbus, Miss,
to a Denver Post reporter. 1T was at
my home. A young MississiPPlan
named Purdy had been convicted Of
murder in the first degree and SEN
fenced TO hang. The evidence was
wholly circumstantial, and before he
was accused of that crime the young
man had borne an excellent reputa-
ton. He was also connected by mar
riage with some of the best people IN
the state.
Nevertheless, he was sentenced to
hang and the governor would not re-
prieve him. There were two factions in
the community, one believing him
guilty, and the other considering him
innocent. The latter talked of rescue,
but it was all talk.
The scaffold was not inclOsed and
when young Purdy ascended the gal
lows he walked erect and fearless. lie
denied his guilt, and all who saw him
were compelled to admit his bearing
was that of an innocent man. The
black cap was pulled over his face, the
sheriff pulled a lever, and the next we
saw was a man getting up from the
ground, snatching the black cap from
his head and declaring dramatically;
God has proved my innocence
The rope had broken. That was
enough. Former enemies turned into
adherents, and before the sheriff could
again take his prisoner to the gallows
and get another rope he was IN the
center of q crowd of thousands Of peO-
ple. all Of whom were swearing there
were not sheriffs enough in Mississippi
to hang an innocent man
"Purdy was taken home, and an es-
cort of $50 armed and determined mel
went with him and remained until
there was no danger of any further
proceedings being taken. Without any
legal formalities the matter was al
lowed TO drop, and Purdy is living II
miles from Columbia, respected and
happy.
"Jov almost killed his wife when she
saw him alive at the time she expected
his corpse to be brought home. To say
Purdy is guilty is now almost as mucl
as mans life is worth down there"
The Washington bee., 1902-11-08

3 tals-N VI If1E EILESlDE-N l.
o--e Upon a Time She Was the Pride Of
our Navy)
story of AngIo-Saxon courage and
daring 1t was on the night Of Jan
JarE t., 1915. that the President,
having JUS, returned from boarding
lLr lion In his dem" was chased into
Long island sound. near New York
L.Euur. by a British fleet. In COM
Aaaa of her was the adventurous
Decatur whose capture and burning
.- The Philadelphia in the harbor of
.ulaG In 1854 Nelson pronounced
l.e most daring act of the age"
a. -ayuresk on the 18th, the Pres
-.rur having grounded and strained
herself during the night, was again
under sail. Decatur then discovered
mat Tour Of the enemy's ships were
A pursuit, one on each quarter and
,.5 a~tern. At noon the breeze fell.
1-r Yankee frigate was almost wa
ta.0ggeI.
Iavoring breeze brought on the
--oymon, the most powerful of the
-Irang fleet. She O. ned fire with
Ter bow chasers. TO y aich Decatur
replied with his stern battery. This
'--A.ng fight continued for two hours
,-" The Endymion was so disabled
'-at She avoided Decatur's efforts to
,."1 To close quarters. For hours
.'e Two ships sailed side by side, fir
-@s occasional guns. But towards
.-.1A.ght two fresh English ships,
we fomone and the Tenedos, crawled
up and opened fire on the President
.' close range. Decatur was COM
.si'o To strike his colors. His loss
WI, Il killed and 55 wounded.
me loss Of the President was in
rr,>-9ated by a court-martial, but
.- .-s'alur was eXonerated of blame.
'- -AIS unequal contest the enemy
s-.-gu ship, but the victory was
-->. the court found. eve fear we
-~.'I express in a manner that will
~. justice 10 our feelings our admira-
"I the conduct of Commodore
".oF and all under his command"
'-t resident was sent to Ber-
I..-". and from there she was
~. ..'--' to England by the Endy-
T- whose captain was rewarded
'De king. For IS years the Pres
lay at Portsmouth, where sr-
The Washington bee., 1902-11-08

WIS 'rne moueI Tor several British
frigates. Later she was at Chatham.
and some time in the '6O's she be-
came a drill ship at the West India
docks. There she has rested for 40
years, and on her ancient gun deck,
where once American sailors gave
their lives for their flag, British blue
jackets are now instructed in the art
Of modern naval warfare. One mark
only does she bear of her American
origin-the figurehead of John Ad-
ans. the second president of the re-
public, on her prov.
The Washington bee., 1902-11-08
IT'S GLORY ALL GONE
Melancholy Fate Of Famous Amer
lean FTigate.
,,-,-,tten. the President Lies at a
..-.I.u Duck-NHs One of the Fin
e,f Fighting ships That Ever
Flew Our Flag.

Never again Will there be a war be-
..,-..r England and America. This is
~. r-r, confident prediction of the
.-.-..mru Of the two great English
.-..rrauarions. More than ordinary
....r-.r attaches. therefore, to the
-..- famous Yankee frigate President,
,...-. Guns were among the last 10 be
frame. uy Americans on the flag of
Ira.ua. For nearly a century this
--...F of the final armed conflict be
t...... .f.e TWO countries has rested in
Tr..-. waters. Few are the Ameri-
ra.- Who know that one of the most
renowned fighting ships Of the early
DAYS Of the republic sister-ship of
r.r beloved Constitution, Of which
Oliver Wendell Holmes wrote the stir
UaE lines:
.sr. Tear has battered ensign down.
LONG las il waved on high"
lies. .alonored and forgotten, in a
L...u dock. Just a century ago this
winter the President, newly launched
f.ua Nrw York sAipyard, was in the
Mediterranean as the American navy's
1r.- f.g-hip on the European station.
Iaee.arast between her and the pres
elr American flagship. the steel-clad
Illinois. is as great as that between the
young republic Of those days and the
l.-.-g America Of to-day.
Little does the President look like
@ a-.riug ship to-day as she lies in
the West India docks, denuded of
uasr- and spars and carrying a
house ou her deck. But, says the
London Graphic, in the early years of
The past century, when England was
UaruIed in the Napoleonie conflict,
end had little desire for a dispute
with the states, the fieet-foOted Yam
Et- trl-ate circled the British isles,
challenging every craft that flew the
British flag. Such a scourge was she
10 British shipping that the admir-
atty issued q special circular to the
Iayy that the President must be cap
treI at all hazards.
How Americas first European flag
ship came to fly Britain's flag is a
The Washington bee., 1902-11-08

BE MaLipulaleC-)
t csc details, which reverse the GUS
tomary practice with anthracite, a
furnace may be run on bItumnous
coal so as to keep a house entirely
comfortable.
To the novice perhaps the most
C.Gicul. problem VIII be in keeping
tie fire going all night, but even this
j. easy when one knows now TO co
il. In this case the first requisite is
ore or two big Jumps OF coal, big
enough between them to cover COM
rlatpIy the entire surface of the fire,
then slack must be heaped high over
this and beaten OF pressed down into
as solid a mass as possible. \ ire
thus fixed will burn from II to IA
hours in most cases. The product or
some coal mines, however, burns
quicker than that which is dug from
other districts, and it may be neces-
sarv. therefore, TO dampen the top
of the fuel and scatter a plentiful
supply Of ashes over the top.
The idea, it will be readily seen, is
to shut off quick drafts, to force the
fire to burn slowly and evenly as pos
sible, and so cause combustion to last
as long as possible. This method OF
banking a fire" is commonly resort
ed to in countries where milder win
ters and less abundant supplies OF
anthracite make hard coal furnaces
rare and costly.
At the same time it is quite pos
sibIe that the housewife will prefer
to let her fire out every night and so
save the labor of banking and raking
out the plentiful supply Of ashes
which will have formed by morning
With soft coal it is matter Of a
few minutes only to get the fire go
ing and the kettle boiling for break
fast. II hndles nearly as easily as
shavings and the coke Of the previous
fire does not have to be removed
from the fire pot. All that is neces-
sary is 10 shake down the fine ash
and make the new fire upon what re-
mains.
The Washington bee., 1902-11-08
YOUNG COLORED MEN.
From the colored citizen.

From the Colored citizen.
The Young Mems Manhattan Club a
Republican organization, of the 27th
Assembly District, was organized for
the Improvement and advancement Of
young colored men. They have always
supported the Republican ticket, but
being so uJustly treated bv the Re-
publican party nave abandoned the
party and joined the rank and fie Of
the United Colored Democracy, beliey-
ing it the hest party foI the coloTed
mans future.
The Washington bee., 1902-11-08
Mr.. Clarkson's Advice.

From the Southwestern christian Advocate.
It's announced that the President has
reversed what was understood to be
his policy toward the Negro in politics.
and that on Mr.. Clarkson'S adv ce the
black man will not be thrown over
hoard because TIE Lily Whites desire
II so. If we are to judge by the feeling
which we find existing among the col
ored votels of the North, the change
comes none to soon. No one can tell
even vet what a week can bring forth,
but we hope to see the Republicans
win in the ongGessionol elections next
week.
The Washington bee., 1902-11-08
PIensnnt DyspepsIa Cure.

A pleasant cure for dyspepsia is an
pounced by DR.. Benjamin E. Andrews
Of The University of Nebraska. He en-
Enthusiastically declares that in seven
cases out of ten ice cream Will certainly
cure dyspepsia and strengthen the
stomach.
The Washington bee., 1902-11-08
PEOPLE and PRESS.
Erom the Seattle Republican.

From the Seattle Republican.
Both The people and the press are
giving President Roosevelt a whole lot
of "credit" !just now. While "Your
credit is good" you should lay in
big supply of household goods, Mr..
President. lest there come a time some
day when it won't be so good.
The Washington bee., 1902-11-08
OUR SCHOOLS.

Matters Before the Board of Education.
There was a full attendance at the
regular meeting ofthe board of educa-
tion at the Franklin building Wednes-
day evening.
The secretary announced that the
board appointed ], GRAY to hrst grade
The Washington bee., 1902-11-08

teachers were accepted: Edna NJ. Bell,
third division, second grade; L. Cook,
eisth grade, principal OF Garnet School,
AniOineue Clements, fourth grade;
eighth division.
The Washington bee., 1902-11-08
COTTON HANDS WANTED.

We desire to insert an advertisement
in each Afro-American newspaper
Publishers please send rates to New
Cotton Fields, Limited 43 DevonshIre
Chambers, BishoPsgate Street, Lon
don, England.