davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1902-10-09
Weather Indications.

Chicago, Oct. Forecast for Kansas:
Generally fair tonight and Friday. va
riable winds.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1902-10-09
MORE FAIR WEATHER.
That Is the Promise of the Weather
Prognosticator.

The government forecaster with the
feeling of mercy born of the coal strike,
now says fair weather
The forecast sent out today was gen
orally fair tonight and Friday" The min
imum temperature this morning was So
The win6 has been southeasterly blowing
u miles an hour. The hourly tempera-
lures recorded by the government ther-
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1902-10-09

CONTINUED on Page Six-))
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1902-10-09

Continued on Page six.)
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-05-29

ton. The question OF time in connec.'
ton with tree growing is an important
one, for the best varieties Of timber
grow much more slowly than the poor,
er ones. The European larch. the white
ash, hard maple and black walnut are
among the best Of our forest trees, but
are slow in growing. while the cotton
wood, box elder, soft maple. white elm
and willow will make q very rapid
growth. but have little value for tim.
Der purposes as compared with those
first named. A very successful way of
planting such tract is to alternate the
rows Of trees. planting one half Of the
desirable kinds and the other half with
the quick growing sorts, the latter to
be cut as they attain sufficient size to
be Of any use. The black walnut on
moist and alluvial soils is very profit
able tree to plant, but 1t will require
about fifty years to make it marketa.
BILE. -.,,sr.s-S.s
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-05-29
no GEr rARLy VEGETABLES.

Here is the way the writer secured
plenty Of nice radishes and lettuce at
least four weeks before they could be
taken from the garden: The middle of
March we hauled a lot of manure from
the yard and piled 1t in a corner Of the
garden to rot for next falls use. We
leveled this pile off and tramped it as
solid as possible. then took two sixteen
foot boards foot wide with ends four
feet long and made frame. setting it
on the manure. then filed in five inches
with earth and threw on some old sash.
1t got we'll warmed up in two days, and
then we sowed the seed and were we'll
paid for the trouble. 1t did not require
over two hours work all told. Besides,
we got fine lot of tomato and cabbage
plants. This any one can do. and it is
well worth doing. .sx,,..s,
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-05-29
TOR WORKED APPLE TREES.

The writer is firm believer in the
use Of only the very hardest root sys-
TENS and trunks for the apple in all
the northwest country-trunks and
roots like those of the Duchess. Tran
scendent, Hihernal. which are fitted to
stand all kinds of grief and climatic ex-
tremes. With such a starter, we then
believe in top working with the less
hardy types of apples. which certainly
will do well when SO grown. where
they would be total failure when on
their own roots and trunks. Carrying
this theory out in practical way, we
have this spring top worked 500 hardy
four-year-old trees in our orchard and
confidently expect good results
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-05-29
GUMPTION.

Some men are born bosses, and others
are born to be bossed. This can't be
helped and is evidently in accord with
the divine order Of things. Many men
are lacking in what we call executive
ability. They cannot plan or lay out
work, devise ways and means or work
to the best advantage and If left to
themselves will do all their work in
the hardest and most awkward way.
They have little or no confidence in
their own judgment and had always
rather be led than to lead. Other men
have quick perceptions. readily fore
cast coming probabilities and see where
five minutes work today will save
two hours work tomorrow. This fac
ulty of alertness, perception and what
we call ambition is distinctively an
American trait and may be cultivated
and developed. Moreover. it should
be, for the possession Of it marks the
successful man in any line of business.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-05-29
BALL HEARINGS.

The tendency of the present age Is
specially in the line of reducing fric-
ton, and this statement may be taken
in broad sense. The wheels of mod
ern progress are all being fitted with
ball bearings, and friction is being re-
duced to minimum. There is real
genius in being able to do a given task
in the easiest possible way: the pleas
ure in doing the work is enhanced and
our working capacity increased. Ball
bearings should find a place in the
home, the school and church and on
the farm.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-05-29
MAKE YOUR OWN BACON.

A farmer friend brought to market a
three hundred pound hog the other day.
for which he got SIS from the local
butcher. He took as part payment for
the hog two hams at is cents pound
and a hundred pounds Of salt side
meats at IL cents a pound. We asked
him why he did not make his own
smoked and salted meats. and he said
he did not know how to kill and dress
hog or salt and properly cure and
smoke the meat. Why should he not
know and would not it pay him well 10
know? The poor whites Of the south
are way ahead of the northern farmer
in this particular.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-05-29
STOCKING A PASTURE.

There can be no arbitrary rule for
the proper stocking Of a pasture. for SO
much depends upon the weather, rain
fall. etc.. but this may be taken as u
pretty good guide-there should always
seem to be more grass than the stock
can eat up. Under certain conditions
one acre of blue grass will be more
than enough. for each head of adult
stock. and then 1t will require not less
than two acres. Overstocking the pas
ture is one of the great agricultural
sins of the country, for it not only is
bad for the stock. but it ruins the pas
ture.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-05-29
Wabash Route Excursions.

Denver. COl.-Sunday school con.
vention, June rs to July I'd. Dates OF
sale June %, 20, "a. Return limit July
31st. Rate for round trip s2S.25.
Portland, Ore.-Travelers' Protect
i've Association, June to z; Supreme
Lodge A. O. U. w., June 10th. Dates
of sale May 81 to June % Inclusive.
Limit for return to be sixty days from
date Of sale.
For further particulars az TO above
meetings call on A., ]. Packard, aren't
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-05-29
Births in ottumwa.

lie names OIL the SZf Cnlldron porn
in the city of Ottumwa during the
past twelve months ending December
81, 1901. together with the date of
birth and the name of the child's faith
er, in the order named,are taken from
the birth record in the office of the
clerk of the district court, which is
compiled from the returns of the as
SCISSOR. These follow:
Child not named, Oct. 2S--W. w.
Ruckman.
Thomas Rowland, March ID. H.
Rowland. ~
Catherine Osler, May s--Alex. os-
Ter.
Morris Gone, April 12-Frank Cone.
Erma Scott. June &c. S. Scott.
Judson Treneman, Jr. December %
I-Judson Treneman.
Florence M. Peck, September IA
Burchard Peck
Carl Swanson, October ga. G..
Swanson
Harold William Ayres, November 4
|-Chas. G. Ayres.
Ernest Farnsworth, March 30-Robt
R. Farnsworth.
Nellie Corrine Gilliland, March 81
Chas. B. Gilliland.
Delbert Andrew Springer, April 21-
James H. Springer.
Z Eunice Garnet Shreeve, August Ii
Harry e. Shreeve.
Ona Adelbert Davis, March 27-Lew.
is Davis.
Julia Marie Peck, November 10
Harry E. A. Peck
Arthur Cornell Pepper, November
23--Lewis o Pepper
Charlotte JUNE Criley, December 2
Oliver P. N. Criley.
Frances Maude Chamberlain, De
cember 25-Edgar S. Chamberlain.
Vina Fay Ninemire, March 24-John
T. Ninemire.
Harry Edgar Hughes, June 29-Har-
ry M. Hughes
Walter Ceilings, December 2a-wm.
I. Ceilings.
Mary Ellen Taylor. June 12-chas.
Taylor.
Vivian N. Mcdaniel, March 25-A.
L. Mcdaniel.
John Calvin, June 5--W. J. Calvin.
Margaret H. Sisson. June 10-W.
Sisson.
Mary G. Davies, July 1o-F. G. Dav
Edwina Barrell,' June 15-Roy Bar.
rell.
Child of Joe R. Crockett, Nov. 81
Joe R. Crockett
Herman j. Bremhorst, January g.
Herman j. Bremhorst.
Margaret Scott, May 2S-J. E. Scott
Irene Larson, June 1S-Clarence
Larson.
Samuel A. Dawson, February 2s-U
G. Dawson.
Gertrude E. Foster, January 25-T
H. Foster.
Thos. A. Pallister, April 11.-Thos
A. Pallister.
Elizabeth Mary North, March 3
James North.
Garell Fulmer, April 2s-John Full
mer.
VIM. R. Gudgell, August Civ. L
| Gudgell.
Lewis H. Kirkhart, January 2s-B
]. Kirkhart
Bruce Worthington Herman, Jul,
l21-George Herman.
Addison Ashford Swearingen, April
I16-Addison Swearingen.
Clarence Wesley Corley, June 81
Daniel v. Corley
Thera Myrtle Dickerson. Decembe,
ga. L. Dickerson.
Mary e. jameson, September 13-
Hugh jameson.
Margaret L. Hedrick. June so-orv
e, Hedrick.
Anna stoope, March 2e-George W
Stoope.
Gail Hamilton MCGEE. September 2:
Elmer MCGEE.
Helen e. Parker, February 25-Chas
A. Parker
Emma D. Spar. August 26-Gusta
Spar.
Fred Leroy Carlson, February 90.
! Chas. Carlson.
~ $ssHEs 3 ~ III
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-05-29

Where an evergreen hedge is wanted
the plants set should always be small
and bushy, the value of hedge lying
In the trees having thick base.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-05-29
OTTUMWA LEADS
Over 500 Children Born in City
During Year 1901.
BIRTHS In WApELLo NUMBER SAL
Highland Township Shows But Three
Births for Year, With cass and
Pleasant as Close Seconds, With But
Five-Ottumwa Births.

Ottumwa leads all the remainder of
the county in the number of births for
the year 1901, according to thereports
of the assessors, and with its 1927 has
over one-half Of the total number in
Wapello county. Adding to this the
forty children born in Center town
ship, it brings the number up to 367,
which gives to this township first
place by majority of over two-thirds
over the other townships of the coun-
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-05-29

Anyway do not fail to SOW small
field of rape for your hogs. It is almost
an invaluable food for the shotes dur
ing August, September and October.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-05-29
COOP TREES 10 PLANT.

I GOOD TREES To FLANT. st-r--as
We are asked to name the most use
full varieties of trees to plant in farm
grove which is needed both for protec-
ton from the wind and as timber lot.
AS this inquiry comes from the prairie
regions Of the northwest we win try to
answer it with reference to that sec.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-05-29

A man can make money where it
takes ten acres of pasture to feed one
steer, but he won't have any near
neighbors and will have to 60 fifty
miles for a doctor.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-05-29

One of the most unselfish things
which an old man can do is to plant
fruit trees, the fruit of which he can
not, because Of the limitations of age,
expect to himself enjoy.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-05-29

Nothing will kill the red spider,
which is such pest to the house
plants. SO well as to dip the plant in
water of the temperature of 120 de-
grees. 1t is the only sure cure.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-05-29

We want some good, appetizing fod-
der for the cows next winter, and, not
having silo yet, we shall SOW some
sorghum, believing it to be the next
best thing to good ensilage.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-05-29

If the rye and barley can be removed
from the field by the LIST Of July, plow
at once and take off crop of millet.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-05-29
will be necessary to create the office Of
hash Inspector

Wherever man is 80 located that he
can keep seventy-fiye hens he never
need 60 short of groceries.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-05-29
Seed corn should be. tested before
planting and eggs before selling.

Beef went up to $3.50 on tho hoof in
1882. 1t is not unlikely to do the same
this year.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-05-29

The robins, after running the CANT
let of shotguns in the hands of the da-
gos and negroes in the south all winter,
are still plentiful enough to suit every
man who is engaged in the fruit bust
ness
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-05-29
Township Average SO.

During the twelve months of 1901
the population Of Highland township
increased the least and according to
the report of the assessor, there were
only three children born within its
bounds. Two other townships, Cass
and Polk, follow closely for last place
with only five births. For the four
teen townships there is an average
of thirty-eight in the number of chill
dren born in each Of the townships.
According to these figures Center is
the only one that surpasses the aver
age. In the city Of Ottumwa the pop
ulation has been increased during the
past year at the rate of eighteen per
cent of the total number Of inhabi-
tants.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-05-29

We have found the last two weeks in
May the best time during which to
transplant evergreens.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-05-29

The clam beds of the Mississippi riv-
er which have been raided in most pi-
ratical manner are now to be better
protected. The button and pearl prod
uct of these beds has become very val
liable.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-05-29

We are asked whether if man built
private fish pond Ind stocked it with
gai> fish he would be amenable to the
fish laws regulating the taking of the
fish during the close season. AS we
understand it the law only applies to
public waters, and man owning such
fish pond could catch the fish therein
whenever he wished to. If he sold the
fish. however, during the close season,
the dealer who bought them would
probably be liable for having such fish
In his possession.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-05-29

We sow peas for garden use every
ten days up to May % and radishes
every week up to July and then again
in September for fall use. String beans
if planted the LIST of August will fur
nish a good crop before frost.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-05-29

A good many small potatoes will be
used for seed this spring owing to high
price and scarcity of seed.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-05-29

Some men when they look at tree
can only speculate upon how much
cordwood or lumber it will make, while
others-the few-never think of the
tree or the forest after this fashion, but
revel in the natural beauty of the tree
and its beneficent mission on earth--its
shade, its splendor Of foliage. its strong.
protecting arms. The one would cut it
down and saw or chop it up; the other
would come to it as shrine.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-05-29

Prevailing prices for all farm prod
ucts would justify valuation of not
less than 5000 per acre for the good
farm lands of the west and northwest.
But, then, these prices are not always
going to stay with us.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-05-29

If it had not been for the corn fodder
which was saved last fall, there would
have been q forage famine all through
the west this spring.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-05-29

When the housewife is furnished a
good cistern of soft water. gasoline
stove, or, better, blue flame kerosene,
and has supply of dry wood under
cover and her husband has fixed her
flower garden in nice shape for her, she
ought to be good natnred half the time
at least.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-05-29

One of the things which make the
man on the farm sick all over is to find
that in his efforts to educate his son he
has educated the boy entirely away
from the farm and all it's interests and
just made commonplace dude of him.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-05-29

We note with much pleasure the re-
turn Of the bluebirds this spring. For
several years past not one has been
seen where the writer lives, but this
spring they have returned in numbers
and may be met with in almost any
field or orchard.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-05-29

Schooteaching as profession is not
as desirable as other lines of business.
The girl teaches. expecting to get mar
ried, which she usually succeeds in do
ing. The young man teaches until he
can turn his hand to something else.
The reason for this state of things is
that the business is uncertain, the
whims of capricious public have to
be catered to, and an old teacher is not
wanted at any price.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-05-29

Some folks have queer notions about
fresh air. They have such a horror of
it that they will sleep in tightly closed
bedrooms. Don't do this. The fresh air
is INJURIES most efficient health officer.
Plenty Of fresh air at night and sun
shine by day will do more to beat the
doctors than anything else.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-05-29

! II beef gets much higher in price, ii
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-05-29

A worry of crop is where the seed
corn only gives about one-third of
stand and when a fellow can't make
up his mind whether it is best to re-
plant or get along with what is left. We
would replant or plow up rather than
try to fight the weeds which follow
such condition
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-05-29

Hundreds Of farmers will give alfalfa
a trial for the first time this year. Not
aall will succeed, but many will where
the soil conditions are suitable. Wher-
ever plant so rich in protein can pos
sibly be grown on farm it certainly
should be.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-05-29

A reader in Illinois wishes to know
II black walnut makes durable fence
posts. It does; it is one of the best of
our native woods for tthis purpose,
though its present yalue for cabinet
work would seem to preclude its use
for fencing purposes.>
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-05-29

The mammoth clover is the best If
the enrichment of the soil where it is
sown is the principal thing sought, but
If forage is desired the medium clover
is better 1t is difficult to make good
hay out of the mammoth clover.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-05-29

Tomatoes will do best on we'll en-
riched sandy soil. On soils rich in hui
mus they will make too much vine to
get best results in fruit.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-05-29

We have two acres of heavy timber
land which we have cleared and grub.
bed out this spring. and we are going
to plant it with the best variety of po-
tatoes we can find We ought to grow
ZONE extra good murphies on this land,
for it is rich in all that sort of plant
food which the potato loves.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-05-29

When we see at one of these western
towns great piles of baled prairie hay
and a tile factory in operation, we
know that the farms of that locality
will be producing sixty bushels of corn
to the acre inside of five years.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-05-29

! The so,ooO.ooe people Of this country
use about enc barrel of -four per head
Der year.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-05-29

There are still far too many dairy.
men who think they have done their
full duty by their cows when they have
given them all the shocked corn they
will eat. There is a better way if they
only knew it.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-05-29

In Cairo, Egypt, all dogs are protect
ed by the Mohammedan religion and
tnfest the city without protest. We are
glad that the Christian religion takes
more sensible view of dogs.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-05-29

It is not so very far back to the
thrashing floor stage Of grain growing
in this country. for the writer has
tramped out with horses many bushel
of wheat on the barn floor.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-05-29

The farmer can plant and sow and
work his best this year with the GER
tain assurance that all he produces will
find ready market at paying prices.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-05-29

We note in late market report black
bass was quoted at IA cents pound
and carp at IL cents pound. This
Just about represents the relative value
OF the two kinds of fish.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-05-29

1t takes more skill to take refracto-
ry piece of land and SO treat it that it
will produce a good crop than it does
to get days work out Of an unwilling
workman.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-05-29

A certain man whom we know took
his disk harrow and went with it the
length of his farm on the public high
way just after the mud had dried up
this spring and smoothed down the
hubs and filled up the deep ruts. 1t did
not take him very long, only one mile
of travel, and every traveller had a
good word to say of him for long after.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-05-29

The ability of any soil in any country
to grow grass very largely determines
the value of the land, for wherever
good grass will grow there meat may
be made, and meat from now on is
money
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1902-05-29

The fish commissioner Of the state of
Iowa has for several years obtained d
large supply of young fish-bass. pick
erel, pike and crappies-from the bay
Gus along the Mississippi river. where
the spawn was hatched. and thus has
stocked the inland lakes and streams
OF the state at small expense. This
method of fish distribution will now
cease for at least two years owing to
the failure of the last legislature to
make the necessary appropriation for
the work.
Gilpin observer., 1902-07-24

Train 53 VIII Leave Denver mt G.f5 p. IN
On Sundays via the Colorado e. South.
ern for Golden, Idaho Springs, Central
City, Silver Plume and intermediate
stations. 11-6t
Gilpin observer., 1902-07-24

Family liquors at Reiva 4 Co.
Gilpin observer., 1902-07-24
Ensibonnd iexcnrsIons

From June oath to Sept. 18th, the
Union Pacific will sell round trip tickets
to Chicago, Milwaukee, st. Louis, st.
Paul, Kansas City, Omaha, many in.
termediate points at one fare plus 81
for round trip. One night to Chicago,
ST. Louis and st. Paul. Two nights to
New York, or Boston. See your local
agent or address e. Il. Griffin, general
agent, Denver.
Gilpin observer., 1902-07-24
The Quick Time of the Union Pacific

The Quick Time of the Union Pacific
For example, saves you whole business
day enroute Denver to San Francisco,
which means saving of cost OF meals and
valuable time. Equally as good service
Eastbound. Solid track, quick time and
superior equipment are our speclalties.
See your local agent or address e. r.
Griffin, general agent Denver.
Gilpin observer., 1902-07-24
A Great Rnilroad.

Is exempified by the Uuion Pacific;
combination of palatial equipment,
solid track, quick time and every con-
venience for solid comfort. Best route
East or West. See your local agent or
address Z. II. Griffin, general agent Den
vpr