The Brunswick news. [volume] (Brunswick, Ga.) 1901-1903, 1902-09-28
SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY.

Porous white paper immersed iE y
solution of one part of oxalic acid ia
four parts OF alcohol and subsequently
dried, forms a new blotting paper fu
dried ink. The ink to be removed is
noisSened with water. and the paper
is used in the usual manner.
The arrangements for irrigation in
South Formosa are primitive and in
sufficient to secure a constant supply
of water in times of prolonged
drought Hence the success or fall
ure of the rice and sugar crops de-
ponds largely on rain falling at pro-
per times.
The use Of electricity for purposes
o, illumination is increasing rapidly
in Peru. The town OF Lima is now
entirely lighted by electricity. Inc
town Of Arequipa is also lighted to a
considerable extent by electricity, and
companies are being formed for Light
ing Gala, Trujillo and Chiclayo. in
the same manner The electrical
plant chiefly comes from the United
States.
The importance of designing fly
| wheels so as to offer the least posi-
! bic resistance TO the air has been lste-
/ ly shown. In tests a. a Nurenbei:
electric station, a fiywheel driven at
IS revolutions per minute by engines
!
quire about IS horse power to keen it
| in motion. and this was reduced about
ST horse power by covering the chan
neled arms with sheet iron. The saw
ing of IL percent of the power of the
engines was equivalent 10 about $40
yearly. In another test, the result
was even more surprising. and a $50
horse power engine showed a saving
of 30-horse power, or AS percent OF
the total. when a suitable fywheel
covering was used to lessen the fiic-
ton.
Scientists are paying much attention
u the leakages of power and attempt
ing TO obviate the loss Experiments
a great deal of energy is wasted in
driving unnecessary projections at the
ends and sides of cars against the re-
sistance of the air. \ distinct gain
has been made even by casting car
wheels in the form of discs. instead
Of with spokes, for spokes cause a
/ greater resistance. Flywheels are now
ffs1I oh IN fIn
sistance as possible, and good deal
Of horse power is thus gained. In
one experiment made with a large
fywheel it was found that 80 horse
power w.s lost on account of undeces-
sary resistance, the total horse power
| o. the engine being $50.
In most of the accounts of the
| eruption of Mont Pelee, Island Of
| Martinique, fame, smoke and ashes
were spoken of as pouring out OF the
crater rs this seems to be the pop
ular notion about an eruption. per-
haps it might be well to correct it,
| The truth is that a. volcano throws
out no fame, no smoke and no ashes.
The eruption is produced by the con-
tact of water with great masses Of
molten rock in the interior of tine
, earth. This contact generates steam
at an enormous pressure, and an ex-
plosion is the result. The force of
the explosion breaks up the rock floor
Of the crater into fragments Of every
Size much of it coming out Of the
crater so finely powdered that it is
generally called ashes" though it is
nothing but powdered rock. The
smoke so often spoken of is nothing
but the condensation of the seam as
it comes out into the air, and the
flame is merely the light from the
red-hot molten mass within reflected
from the cloud of vapor 4