davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Wallowa chieftain. [volume] (Joseph, Union County, Or.) 1884-1909, 1902-09-18
q 4 sw eepinElgg g
Reduction

This is the season when you expect sD..
reduction sales; but surely you never an;
pated such sweeping reductions as were =,
ing for this sale. You can't realize the ev..
until YOU come and see.
Wallowa chieftain. [volume] (Joseph, Union County, Or.) 1884-1909, 1902-09-18
Compare the Goods

is Just the season for wearing these summer ~,
goods and ii you wise you will select one or hO
tnem Plenty of variety in color and grade but ''s
piece is this seasons stock and will be comforlaD'
your use
Wallowa chieftain. [volume] (Joseph, Union County, Or.) 1884-1909, 1902-09-18
These Straw Hats
Painting as it Should be

The paint We sell is the right kind it has good O'
and will cover your walls effectively. Plenty O S''
coors and all the paints arc mixed so they won't r'
peel crack or blister. Just as nearly perfect as P'
can be made You get it at reasonable price.
Wallowa chieftain. [volume] (Joseph, Union County, Or.) 1884-1909, 1902-09-18
Mems Neckties

How are you off for ties? Summer stotE
needs repenishing. we are showing sones
of the swelest and handsomest you ever saw.
Light pretty summer coors, the brand new
ness of the styles the fairness of the pria
all combine to attract men.
Fort Mill times. [volume] (Fort Mill, S.C.) 1892-current, 1902-01-15
or EiGN.

Colombia replied to President Cas-
| tro, OF Venezuela. that his grievances
are not founded upon fact.
London is rapidly being converted
into Hat dwelling city. ON the New
York system.
Questions or precedence are occupy
inS much attention in London with re
gard TO thc coming coronation process
, sion.
The military reserves are heinz mo-
! hiliZcd in ihc northwestern provinces
OF Argentina
British troops near BIocmfontcin.
I South Africa. Killed cicvcn and CEN
turcd thir,y i've men OK u Eocr co...-
inHrdo.
y German naval constructor. sent to
The United states by the marine s.ar'.
hi&b.E praises the Smp2ui!d.nS meth
I DDS employed in America
Marcoui wireless signal stations VIII
! he established ON lighthouses OH the
| west co1S, Oi Scotland.
y movement is on foot in Liverpool.
England. to replace foreign sailors ~
: the merchan; marine by ratiye tars.
The Killing OF Il youn- student Mt
| Jena in dUel hy an officer who was
/ an expert pistol Sho, caused Il scnsa-
ton in Germany
Venezuela was invaded hy au armed
! band OF insurgents. headed hy General
E'Fva. aud landed by thc Libcr;ado:.
! from W.lcmsiad
! Because Of its pcTSis,ont attacks on
J the Queen Ec%ent Of Spain the Madrid
! I'll PIiS WAS suspended
h.nS Edward conferred the Ordc- OF
hn.sht Grand Cross o. the Bath upon
|. Marquis Ito. former Premier OF Japan.
from June 80 10 December 81. 1901.
ll1- BocrS were killed. $40 were
wounded, Ij0G were captured and 1917
surrenderel
Fort Mill times. [volume] (Fort Mill, S.C.) 1892-current, 1902-01-15
MINOR EVENTS OF THE WEEK
WaSTISGTON IT'E.Ts.

President Roosevelt ordered an !r.
vestiSation OF former Appraiser Wake
mans charges OF silk frauds at the port
OF New York.
President Roosevelt accented the
resi%nationS OF Secretary Gage and
master-Gcaeral Smith.
In the last six months of 1901 tho
Eureau OF Navigation registered III
rGEcd vessels o. 1atO7; gross tons.
The State OF Minnesota fled in the
United States Supreme Court a bill OF
complaint against the Northern Pa
cific-Grcat Northern merger.
President Roosevelt appointed the
international banking Corporation as
fiscal agent or the United States in
Shanghai, China.
\ new code OF laws went into effect
IN the District OF Columbia
Fort Mill times. [volume] (Fort Mill, S.C.) 1892-current, 1902-01-15
OUR TOTAL POPULATION
Including the New Possessions, 1t
Was 64.233,C69 in 1901.
Is Ia the Fourth Largest Among the
Pow' rs-lias Increased Sixteen
Eold in Century.

Washington, u. C.-TEc Census Bu
reau has issued report announcing
tliat the population OF the entire Unit
cd States. including all outlying pos
sessions, was S!.253,0GJ in the census
gear 1899. tbs is iem.zed us fol-
lows:
Continental United States, or United
States proper, .J.39l,5I5, us be-orc an
nounceu; 1'nllipD.neS. G,J6i, ,33Y, hein.
the oSt.lGa.e u ,Re SiaIistician 10 th.
Rhilpp.nc COmm.ss on; POrto Rico,
313..Io; Hawaii, l54 ,U0l; Alasi;a, O.
1J-; Guam, $3.50; American Samoa
GlUJ; rs.sons III ,nc military and naval
service OT the I..,ud STAGES outside
oi The lerrItory y. ,2c United S.atcS
ptopet, JI,2iJ.
! he reporc announces that the
twelfth census only e&tcuGed 20 Alas.;a
and Hawaii outside % continental
Cnited states. init that the figures
Tor the res5 o. the unitGd States DO
man are taken from the best available G
resources.
These hSures are based on the cnum-
Grafton o. June l, 1909 The report
says:
A census OF the Philippine Islands
was iii progress III 1895 Wien the in
sur.oction broke out, and relurns fo:.
over two-iiithS OF The population wee
1oInu stored i'll AianiIa. These were
carefully taOuiated, aud the .o9cgoin-
estimate is naSed upon ,he result. Tn.
nSuTeS for Porto Rico are raicu frcm
the census OF 1899, made by Ike War
D2partment iii consultation with tnc
census oiiicc. The figures Ior hawaii
and Alaska and Tor persons abroad in
III The military and naval service are
from tie i2Su.ts OF the tU-2.rth census.
These from Guam are an estimate
made i'll report CT the War Derart-
men;. ara those from American Samoa
IN estimate reported To the census
Office by The Acting Secretary OF tie
Navy.
The teal population OF the United
STATES at the c!Cse o. the nineteenth
century WAS about eighty--our and Il
quarter millions. AS the population
OF the United States at the beginning
or the century was about five and a
third millions. tie Nation has grown
nearly sixteen field il one hundred
years.
There are but three countries which
now have greater population that
The United STATES, Vl2., China. the Brit
lsh Empire and the Eussian. Empire
France. including it's dependencies. is
the fourth country of the world in or-
der of population, and has about al
most the same number ~ the United
States"
Fort Mill times. [volume] (Fort Mill, S.C.) 1892-current, 1902-01-15
DOMESTIC.

Cursing everybody within hearing.
John Robinson, co.orcd. was hanged
ut Dublin. Ca, for murder.
John u. Rockefeller extended until
April ] the time in which Barnard Col
leGc, at New York City, can raise 500
600 TO secure an equal sum from him
Too much Illuminating gas killed
Thomas Reaney and Thomas Moran.
fellow-lodgers, in New Yorl; City
The sperm oil market at New Ecd-
ford. Mass. was sold out. with no pros
pect OF immediate restocking.
While at lunch Harry Coldbc-~. OF
New York City. had his store riiCd OF
$1,000 worth OF diamonds and watches.
Heirs Of Ahsalom Case are preparing
10 sue the city OF Cleveland, Ohio. for
IN estate said To he worth from $50
100000 to S10,0000o0.
Three trainmen were killed at Rc.7,
Ca. by collision on the Southern
Railway.
Miss Hannah II. CoCgins. an artist.
said to have prominent relatives in
Philadelphia. committed suicide at
New York City.
DR.. Nicholas Murray Butler was
elected President OF Columbia Cniycr-
sity. Mt New York City, to succeed
Seth Low.
With General Patrick 4. Collins's in
nUGuration rs Mayor. the Democrats
assumed control OF muncinal affairs
ut Boston, Mass.
About 100 families around Chatta-
nooSa. Tenn. were driven from their
homes by high wafer in the river.
Seven Crow Indians Will ask The
Government for compensation for TO-
MES lost while r2scuinS two white
women from S.ouX Indians in the Da-
kotas.
When his wife refused to return
home With him, Henry Albert. OF Chi
caGo Killed hcc and then himself.
Mrs. Mary Esi;a died ut Nanuct. Y.
J. She and hex husband though liv-
lug in the same house. had 70; spoken
to each other for thirty years
During 1901 tn, san Francisco Mint
converted $Sl .O72. .J9S from bullion into
con.
Governor Creme took tho oath of
Office rs Governor for the third time
NJ Boston. Mass.
The failed First National Eanl. Mt
Austin. Tex. was authorized 10 resume
business.
Fort Mill times. [volume] (Fort Mill, S.C.) 1892-current, 1902-01-15
E.GUSI CLrh"iMSC.

Nnothc: sh:nyard IS 10 H. erected on
Lake Michigan near 81. ,!os2pL.
England las Il January spr;nc;imc.
NitA butterflies and L'ac..0.rGs.
Two weather stations WI ~ cstab-
I@hcd in lcllows.on. I'lr.; Ecxt sum-
n!cr
New York C;iy's Gcaih rate Tor 1901
vas :2.02 rc: 4O1l. aSains, "O31 in
1900.
The University Of rct.in is 10 hc
rebuilt, ana = new SIC has already
Lccn chosen.
Cecil EhoCc5 - considered 10 bc re-
rponSibic for tho boom in Kaiiir stocks
On the London Sicc.: ESchaI;s.
The repaired UEi,cL S,ajcs cruiser
gan francisco has be II paced IN COM
mission at the NUr.o.i. N.uy Yard.
An experiment. is to b: made at
EarncS. Surrey. Eng.aEd IN liShtin.
lhc StroctS Wi,h iOJ NImsi lamps.
!, is declared oHic.alIy IN China that
G.OUO,OoD persons IN %h2Hsi, oul OF IO.s
COoooO, have Succuma2d 10 ,nc famine.
Following a family quarrel. Gust
E'd:hc, of i.apo.t. L.d., saturated his
coming W.th hc!OaSac, h@atcd il and
Li:d
Charles wilson has Gauounccd 10 tnc
I'riGSh Eoy.u Scc.c,y that Che tenn
p"Gaturc q, ti2 sun - II,IS-: Gcgrccs
kahIcuHcit.
CONGRESS- VIII nave 10 act before lhc
@oUJ extra c!2rhs tatcn en- during ;hc
rae war can bo transferred 40 the cas-
SIZED service.
stephen ID. Fcsscndcn, OF .Iaesacau-
a2js, has been appointed Assistant
Fort Mill times. [volume] (Fort Mill, S.C.) 1892-current, 1902-01-15

A fund of S1OO,o00 will he asked ro-
by Rev. Charles H. Brent, MaiScoual
Bishop OF the Philippines. to endow his
new jurisdiction.
y decision TO remove troops from
Eacacay brought ont Il protest from
citizens OF Manila. +. /.
American deserterS issued procla-
nation inviting their former comrades
to JON the Filipino insurgents.
Major William c. Gor-as. surgeon.
u. :. A, was ordered to assume the
duties of Chief Surgeon of the Depart
ment OF Cuba. relieving Lieutenant
ColClcl Valery Uavard.
Fort Mill times. [volume] (Fort Mill, S.C.) 1892-current, 1902-01-15
Coal famine rhrentens rhIlaceIohia.

Philadelphia ana places supplied
from that port are thrcatcued with Il
coal famine, principally due TO the
shortage of ears and motive powc?.
Prices have been advanced twenty
1--WE cents ton. Several factory p!anCs
have been compelled 10 close on ac-
count OF inability to secure coal.
Fort Mill times. [volume] (Fort Mill, S.C.) 1892-current, 1902-01-15

throughout the country, having served
rs Ser%Cant-at-.Alms at the National
Republican Convention in Philadelphia
two years ago. ard as Assistant Ser
Geant-atArms at The Chicago. Min
nc3polis and ST. Louis Conventions.
He served as United States Marshal
OF the Eastern District OF Wisconsin
under President Harrison.
Fort Mill times. [volume] (Fort Mill, S.C.) 1892-current, 1902-01-15
Nyhe-t nnd Elomr ,hinmcnts.

The shipments o. wheat and -four
so far this season have exceeded all
previous records. For the six months
.ndCd with Deccmb,r The aggregate c.
ports were 1t5,011,O0J bushels. Il CON
paTativc gain over the first half o.
the previous crop ycG2 OF 5O,COOOOO
bushels
Fort Mill times. [volume] (Fort Mill, S.C.) 1892-current, 1902-01-15
Seven Mon Drown in Z Mrec..

The steamer Bristol. one OF tn old
,cSt carriers OF the Pacific coast lies ?
total wreck on the end OF Green Island
u. c.. Gn1 her cGp,1.n. with SIX mem
hers OF the crew. has been drowned.
The vessel was on hor way from l.&Gy.
smith. Vancouver Island. 10 the Tread.
well min ,. on Douglass tslan1, Alas
Ia, with 300 tons o. coal
Fort Mill times. [volume] (Fort Mill, S.C.) 1892-current, 1902-01-15
Carnegie Grants r:,l:or 70 ron,n,.

I'm the recent rent collections on the
SIX 'Do Castle estate in Sco.lan Andrew
Carnegie RENTED from twenty 10
TIVE N;y-five per cent. OF the am '.,lDrs
duo
Fort Mill times. [volume] (Fort Mill, S.C.) 1892-current, 1902-01-15
PROMINENT POLITICIAN DEAD.
Familiar Figure ut National Republican
Conventions.

milwaukee,, Wis.-Ccorge y. WisweIl.
President o. the Milwaukee, Life In
Surancc Company, died after Il three
weeks illness. agsd fifty years.
NJ. WlsWcn was well known
Fort Mill times. [volume] (Fort Mill, S.C.) 1892-current, 1902-01-15
Permanent Census Bureau Favored.

Washington, ID. C-The House Com
mittce On Census has ordered Il favor
nblc report On the bill creating q per-
manent Census Bureau.
Fort Mill times. [volume] (Fort Mill, S.C.) 1892-current, 1902-01-15
Dceomo, PIaIn aS Day.

II 1t was difficult for Admiral
Sch!cy TO coal at sea as it IS fcr tho
most OF us to coal on land. his expia-
nation should be Gcceptcd.-Omaha
World-E lrald.
Omaha daily bee., 1902-02-09

through the mulberry orchards. Our null
berry tree grows about as big as an elm,
and Il IL not out Of place among the trees
Of the forest. The mulberry trees here are
small. Most Of them are trimmed down
to four feet. the sprouts being cut on year
after year. The orchards look more like
thicksts than forests, and the trees are sell
dom larger than a three-year-old peach
tree. They are as knotty and gnarly as an
olive tree and az ragged as a ounce bush.
They are planted In rows only a few feet
apart and so carefully cultivated that not
a weed Is to be seen anywhere. Here and
there garden stun Is raised between the
trees but nothing grows close to the trunks
and a continual fertillzing and hoelng goes
on the year around. All kinds OF manure
are used. but the chief fertilizer comes from
the canals which are fed by the Yangtse
river. The va lgtse Kiang is as full Of silt
as the Nile. II brings down vast quantities
Of rich mud every year. and drops II into
the canals. The Chinese dredge this out
and spread II over the ground. They scoop
II up In nets or in canvas bags with heavy
iron rings about them. They have great
tongs made Of bamboo poles with spoon
like baskets on the ends, looking for all
the world like giant sugar tongs, with
which they pinch up q quart OF mud at a
time and pull 1t into their boats. Later on
they throw II on the banks and spread II
aroune the trees, covering the whole sur
face Of the ground. The Chinese save every
biz Of fertiliEing material. even to their
hair cuttings and finger nail parings. I see
the children everywhere going about and
picking up filthy stun of all kinds to add
to the manure heaDs.
How the Country Looks.
frequently get out and walk through the
orchards. There are no roads anywhere.
You could not possibly ride over the coun-
try In a cart. for many of the fields are
pits made at different levels so h they
may be flooded from time to time as the
srops emand. There. are only footpaths
between the fields. and these wind about
going this way and that without regard 20
distance. The only highways are the
canals. which are allied with trafhc even as
the country roads Of our rich farming dis
tricts are oiled with wagons.
Tnsopeh an Interpreter l have learned
how 0elberry trees are grown. The seeds
are 1fst planted In nurseries and when the
Omaha daily bee., 1902-02-09

Just how to handle them so they will lay
at the proper time. In some places the
eggs are laid on clean paper and In others
on white linen or grass CLOTH.
One moth will lay as many as 500 eggs.
This Job takes her seventy-four hours,
after which she sives five or six days with
out eating and then dies. 1t is important
to have good eggs, and the strongest CO.
coons are chosen for the purpose. The
eggs are first washed and then sprinkled
with salt. They are next covered with
ashes Of burnt mulberry leaves. and so kept
for ten days. after which time they are
ready for Matching.
In many silk districts the people have
human incubators. The warmth of the
body furnishes the heat. the most approved
variety being q lusty woman, who puts the
eggs inside her clothes upon her bare bosom
and keeps them there until she knows by
their tickling that the silk worms are COM
ing out. The silk worms are as fine as a
thread and black when FIRST Matched. The
Matching usually takes place between s
O'Clock In the morning and noon. In other
places the eggs are Matched in warm ham
bers and In other ways.
The first silk eggs taken to Europe were
carried to Constantinople In bamboo tubes
and Matched in a manure heap. In the
Matching rooms and also in those where
the Matched worms are kept the tempera-
ture Is not tested by n thermometer. but by
q man who takes on his clothes and goes
in naked in order to tell by the sensations
produced upon his body as to the tempera-
ture and moisture.
As Delicate as Babies.
The silk worms are watched as carefully
as though they were babies. Flies are kept
from them. No loud talking is permitted
near them. and the people wash themselves
carefully before handling them. Thunder
is said to alarm them. and only clean hands
must touch the leaves. which feed them
The leaves must be cut into nne shreds and
the worms eat them so rapidly that you can
hear their jaws going. At first they are fed
four times a day. and on the fifth day they
go to sleep. As they grow older they are
fed once an hour and when they have
reached their full growth they eat three or
four meals q day. They keep on feeding
and sleeping until they are three weeks old.
casting their skins at each sleep, and then
80 into 9 long last sleep. whore they remain
Omaha daily bee., 1902-02-09
Chekiang, the Richest Silk Region of Asia

copyrighted. 1902, by Frank O. Carpenter)
@1HEKIANG, China, Jan. 6.-(special
Correspondence Of The Beef
A This is written In the heart Of the
lA9fH silk regions OF China. For a week
- I have been floating along through
one canal after another with Consul Gen.
country which IL one vast orchard Of null
berry trees. There are thousands Of these
trees on every side Of me as / write. and
by getting of on the bank and climbing 10
the top Of one Of the bridges which arch
the canal at every few miles l can see
trees by the millions. extending on and on
until they cut the horizon. They border
the waterways and are only broken here
and there by clumps Of peach trees or the
taller shade trees OF some farm village and
the pit-lfke Fields flooded for raising rice.
SILK IL produced In almost every part Of
China, but Chekiang produces more and
better silk than any other. It raises vast
quantities Of cocoons every year for export
to France. Germany and Japan and bales
OF raw silk go from here to our factories In
the United States. There are thousands Of
farm houses In which silk Keeling Is done
and great silk Natures with the finest Of
modern machinery put up by the French,
English and other foreigners. as we'll as by
the Chinese, to turn the cocoons into thread.
The Chinese use more silk themselves than
any other people; they have tens Of thou
sands Of looms. and their silk millionaIres
are numbered by scores.
Among the Mulberry Trees.
wish you could be with me in this ride
Omaha daily bee., 1902-02-09

which the farmers come with their silk.
They will go from buyer to buyer and
dicker until they get the highest prices,
and the buying is therefore exciting. Each
merchant has his own scales and he buys
by the ounce or pound, paying spot cash.
This necessitates a large capital, as all
the cocoons used for the year must be
bought when the sales are on. There are
silk factories in this region which spend
annually 5000 900 In gold in purchasing CO.
coons. They have to FIX their price accord
ing to the selling prices of silk in Europe,
and a sudden fall will make them lose
money. On the other hand, a rise may
give them an enormous profit.
How the Chinese Make SILK.
Much Of the silk Of China is woven in
the homes Of the people. l see Keeling
going on in many of the farm villages. 1t
is done chiefly by the women, the cocoons
being kept for the time in clean boiling
water. They are stirred around in this
water until the thread ends become loos-
ened and then several of these ends are
Joined together and the cocoons reeled off
on rude reels worked by pedals. II one
OF the threads breaks 1t is joined together
or replaced by another. It requires con-
siderable skill to do the Keeling, for the
thread when completed must be Of equal
thickness and brightness. A good reeler
can make about twenty-six ounces Of fine
silk in a day.
The weaving, as done by the natives out
side the factories, is on machinery Of the
rudest description. Everything goes by
hand, from ribbons to velvets and fine bro
cades. / see women and girls making rib
bons in all the cities Of this region and
in some places find them weaving satins
and velvets. At Marking ] vent through
Omaha daily bee., 1902-02-09

until a new and large skin is fully matured.
They are full grown at the age Of thirty
two days, and are then the color of amber.
Each worm is now about two inches long
and about as big around as your little
finger, and IL is ready for its work Of max
ing silk.
After this the silk worm takes no more
food and begins to spin from its mouth,
FIRST fastening the thread to a frame on
which II is placed. It moves its head from
one side to the other and keeps on doing
so until IT. has woven a cocoon about its
body. This requires from two to FIVE days,
and at the end it again goes to sleep.
In the province OF Chekiang the spinning
Is done in what is known as silk worm hills.
These are bundles of straw placed on mats
on platforms about as high as your waist.
The worms crawl up ON the straw and
fasten themselves to II and there spin their
cocoons. About 100 worms are attached to
each bundle. and fires are built around the
tables that they may be kept warm. While
they are spinning the noise is like that Of
a soft shower of rain and when the noise
stops the people know the cocoons are
completed. After this they are baked or
boiled, in order to kill the worms and are
then ready for Keeling, or for sale.
Selling the CocOOns.
Many Of these Chinese farmers raise the
cocoons for sale. They do not pretend to
get the silk out. but market them In bulk.
The cocoons are the money crop Of many .
farmer. He will raise vegetables. rice and
other grains for his food and depend upon
his cocoons to supply money for his cloth
ing. opium and salt. The government en-
courages the people to raise silk worms and
urges them to plant mulberry trees. The
result is that almost every farmer has his
little orchard. and the vast product Of silk
produced in China comes from small farm
ers. Many a man does not raise more than
twenty pounds Of c~ocoons. for which he
gets. perhaps. "a or 50 in silver,
The cocoons must be bought within a
short time after they are offered for sale.
1t used to be that fifteen days we're set
aside for selling cocoons. but Of late the
farmers in some way or other have short
ened this down to four days. The result IA
that the foreign and Chinese silk makers
must have their men on hand at this time
to buy the cocoons.
There are regular market csntsrs to
Omaha daily bee., 1902-02-09

sprouts have reached several feet in height
they are transplanted ave or six feet apart
In regular rows This is done in December.
After this the trees are carefully cared for.
They are pruned year after year. and never
allowed to grow mere than six feet in
height. The cutting does not iniure than.
A sound mulberry tree will last for nifty
years., and when fully matured will annually
yield as much as 100 pounds of leaves. In
some parts OF Chekiang the seeds Of the
Wild mulberry are sown and the young
sprouts grated from the cultivated null
Ferry. This is thought to produce better
leaves.
The trees have to be carefully watched
for Insects. There are silk tree borers much
like cur peach tree borers, worms which
can enter the bark and must be dug out.
and there are insects which eat the leaves
and must be killed by fumlgating or spray
ing.
Rearing SILK Worms.
l have been interested in learning how
the Chinese rear silk worms. They have
reduced the business. TO a science, and It il
still SO important that the empress starts
II every year. Indeed. the first silk worms
OF China were reared by an empress. This
was the wife OF Hwang-ti. who lived $500
b. C., and who Is known as the goddess OF
SILK. The present empress sacrifices to
her every April in the palace grounds.
April is the best time for Matching silk
eggs, and II Is at this time that the moths
are started laying. The Chinese can tell
the male moths from the female ones while
they are still In the cocoons. They know