davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1902-05-27

II NAKE HOME ATTRACTIVE.
I" / were a young farmer just be-
arm work for myself, I would
"p'o'' he time in every way l could.
'oola paint the house, repair all
: I'I"es about the house and barns,
sa4' Hp the roads about my farm,
-'e"a~h the fences, beautify the
WIS and make the home as attractive
y beautiful as possible. I would
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1902-05-27
Raleigh, N. c., May 27, 1902.

pounds of digestible nutrients making
the two nearly equal from a feeding
point of view. Thus if ton of tim
othy is worth 500, a ton of wheat hay
(made up of 10 bushels of wheat and
400 pounds of straw would be worth
$2O.50. If wheat is to be used as hay
it should be cut when the grain and
straw are in the milk stage. Cow pea
hay contains 1910 pounds of digesti-
bic nutrients and sells for $1,000 per
ton. In this respect then, timothy hay
and wheat hay are both worth in the
neighborhood of $11.5O per ton. This
is about the real value. Timothy hay
always sells for a good deal more than
it's real feeding value warrants"
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1902-05-27
CarbO-

"The superiority of wheat over corn
for young stock evidently lies in the
extra amount of digestible protein
which it contains. AS seen above, each
100 pounds of wheat contains 1912
pounds of digestible protein, while
the same quantity of corn has only
7.8 pounds. This shows the wheat to
contain 80 per cent. or almost one
third more protein than the corn. The
wheat also excels the corn by 2.5
pounds per 100 in the digestible car
bohydrates (starches and sugars) it
contains. The excellence of corn for
fattening comes from it's extra per
cent. of oil and also from the larger
proportion of carbohydrates and fats
to the protein as compared with wheat,
the corn having about 10 pounds of
these two ingredients to each pound
of protein, while the wheat has only
seven"
Further light on the matter is fur
nished by DR.. Charles W. Burkett, of
the A. and NJ. College, in this note
from him which has just reached US :
Estimating a ton of wheat to con-
tain as grain 10 bushels or 600 pounds
there remains / 400 pounds of wheat
straw; the two contain 967.12 pounds
of digestible nutrients or material
that is assimilated in the animal body.
A ton of timothy hay contains 952
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1902-05-27
MOTH TRAPS.

DR.. James Fletcher, Dominion En-
tomologist for Canada, man of wide
reputation in practical and scientific
lines of entomology, writes as follows
to a member of the Country Gentle
man editorial staff:
"I do not believe in any moth traps
except as an emergency measure when
some special pest which can be attract
ed by light appears in unusual num-
bers. think that perhaps they might
be of benefit, if used just at the time
the cockchafers Oachnosterna) are
hying-but even then / should watch
very carefully to see that more bene-
fetal insects than injurious ones were
not being caught, and if they we're
even nearly equally represented, [
would stop the use of the traps. I
have frequently noticed the large pro-
portion of Carabidae and Ichneumon
flies which are attracted to these traps
on certain nights. Of injurious in
sects, those most numerOusly represent
ed, in my experience, were the moths
of cutworms and of tent caterpillars.
l have particularly been on the look
out for codling moth, But have never
seen even a single specimen of this in
sect attracted to light. In fact l be-
Iieve that the generalization is permis-
sibIe that the worst enemies of the
orchard are conspicuous by their alb
sence from these lantern traps. In
answer to your question whether these
traps can take the place of the spray
ing of trees l say most emphatically
no! Spraying is, in my opinion, a
sine qua non with the fruit grower,
and the use of these traps is more
likely to do harm than good"
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1902-05-27
No. l6
Live Stock and Dairy.
MOULDING TYPES.
Cor. of The Progressive Farmer.

Cor. of The Progressive Farmer.
There is nothing more encouraging
to modern breeders than the fact that
the different types of milk and beef
cattle are directly the results of the
artificial methods of breeding, caring
and mating of the animals by those
who have this industry in their
charge. The modern types differ so
essentially from those which have not
been brought under the dominion of
the breeder, and their points of excel
lence are so superior, that it is
natural for man to believe that he has
within him the power to make almost
any changes and improvements in the
cattle. The chief consideration, how
ever, is that these changes are slow,
and the improvements necessarily be-
come less noticeable the higher the
animals are bred. Thus it is far more
difficult to take a standard type of
full-blooded Jersey COW, and improve
her milk production, than it is to pick
up any scrub in the field and by sys-
tematic mating with a full-blooded
bull make her develop qualities that
pay. The improvement of the latter
at first is rapid and noticeable. From
the scrub to fine COW is but a mat
ter of a few generations, if proper
methods of selection and breeding are
adopted. But it may be question of
a dozen generations before any spe-
cial improvement will be obtained in
the ancestors of full-blooded, stand
ard type cow.
Thus the ordinary farmer and cattle
grower have easier work than the pro-
fessional breeder. The latter's work
is slow and oftentimes the results dis
couraging. improvements are scarce
ly noticeable, and nothing but explicit
faith in the work would ever make
them keep up their good work. It is
careful breeding, selection and feeding
year after year with the fond hope
that each succeeding generation may
produce some improvement that will
pay for all the work, but more often
there are three disappointments or
failures to every success. Most of the
work must be satisfactory if the stand
ard of excellence is simply main
tanned. There may be no gain for
years.
But the farmer with his poor cattle
has a rapid road to improvement be-
fore him. He does not have to bother
about scientific laws of breeding which
concern only the professional breeder.
Just fair amount OF common sense,
a good knowledge Of cattle and their
needs, and some experience in his bus
mess, will be sufficient It is for him
merely a question of good breeding,
feeding and selection. There is no
mystery in that, no secret which one
must learn in scientific books, nothing
but common sense and fair knowledge
and experience.
E. P. SMITH.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1902-05-27

study all of these details and gradually
work them out and at spare times and
rainy days, carry them out.
V. AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION.
IF we're a young farmer I would
educate myself in my work. If /
we're able / would take a course of
study in the Agricultural College. If
a law college or a medical college is
necessary for young men in these lines
of work, then it follows that an agri
cultural college is OF service in the
same way to the young farmer. The
arrangement of four year, two year
and winter courses makes it possible
fer any young man, in whatever cir
cumstanccs he is in, to get the train
ing in agriculture at the agricultural
college.
Young men, think over this matter.
IF you are to be a farmer, determine
to be a good one. Be a good citizen,
and your life will be a success, your
aVocation one of pleasure and profit,
and me world better for your being in
it. CHAS. W. BURKETT.
A. and M. College, West Raleigh,
N. @.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1902-05-27
DAIRYING IN NORTH CARO-
LIMA.
E. P. SMITH.

What / know about dairying / have
learned by reading articles on the sub
ject in different agricultural and dairy
papers, and from everyday experience
in buying and raising cows, feeding,
comfortable stables, milking, working
with mix and selling. When / was u
years old my father died. / was the
oldest of three children; mother had
no means for our support. / got work
in a store and worked my way up to
the position of bookkeeper, kept books
and did Office work twelve years; con-
fnement undermined my constitution
and forced me to open air work. Al
ways having a fOndness for live stock,
l concluded to try farming, and as
the dairy business about my home was
conducted in a careless manner, de-
cided to hitch on dalrying and con-
duct the work In a business way-in
short, make it pay / was in poor
health, had less than 800 in cash, two
cows, one horse and buggy, the best
wife any man ever saw and five chill
dren. That was the stock ia trade
when I put an 8-quart milk can in the
buggy and began the milk business.
Very soon I had three customers of
one pint each. After delivering to
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1902-05-27
OUTLOOK IN WAR
Rem.
Cor. of The Progressive Farmer.

Cor. of The Progressive Farmer.
Crop prospects here are very favora-
bic at this writing. Some few have
finished wedding corn. Cotton chop
ping has commenced. The larger por-
ton of the tobacco has been planted
and would have all been transplanted
but for the scarcity of plants. We
have had very good seasons for the
work. The cotton is getting a little
grassy, but with favorable weather it
can soon be conquered. Labor is a lit
tie scarce. The spring oats are just
fine, but wheat is very ordinary.
J. F. P. HARTON.
Warren Co., n. @.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1902-05-27

DR.. KiIgo referred sometime ago in
a speech to the "pain of farm life" To
him the average life of the farmer
would be very painful, but there is
nothing like getting used to a thing.
Getting up while it is yet dark, and
doing a days work before breakfast
would be painful to a man who rolls
out of bed at eight o'clock in answer
to the bell in the dining room, but
the man on the farm feels the better of
the two, and really gets more pleasure
out of life. This may sound queer but
it is a fact.-Charity and Children.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1902-05-27
HARRY FARMERS TALKS.
LXXIV.

Cor. of The Progressive Farmer.
Is it impossible to get Early Rose
potatoes? We bought some this spring
that appeared to come up to our ex-
pectation. Other varieties treated the
same are bearing a fine crop. It may
be that we expect too much of the
Rose potatoes. We planted some Bliss
and they came up to our expectations !;
so in the future we shall let others
plant Early Rose but we will plant i'm
proved varieties. When we give all
the same treatment and one kind will
double another, we think it worse than
folly to stick to the old.
"When ignorance is bliss, tits folly
to be wise" If we had planted but
one kind we would not have known
the difference and would have accepted
the poor crop and thought it bad sea-
sons or something beyond our power
to remedy that made the difference.
Every farmer can not use his farm for
an experiment station, but he ought
not to wait for others to do all the
testing. The same treatment given a
plant on the red clay hills around Ra-
leigh would not suit on the sandy
plains of the coast region.
AS we predicted we have a large
crop of bugs and worms which are do
ing a vast amount of damage to the
corn crop this spring. A continuous
cold winter is always followed by a
large crop of insects. AS cold pro-
tects fruits stored in a refrigerator so
insects are preserved by cold weather.
Some farmers say that it would be bet
ter to burn all the trash, like corn
stalks, dead grass, ETC., on the land
than to plow it under. This might be
best some seasons but our land needs
all the humus that can be gotten in
it, and it would take hundreds of loads
of woods mould to furnish the same
humus that the fire would destroy in a
| few minutes.
But we know that cookie burs, rice
and sorghum cane all raise large guam
titles of bill bugs, which is the worst
insect that we have in this section.
These insects are raised by the bugs
puncturing the green plant near the
surface of the ground and depositing
the eggs which soon hatch out a grub
or worm that remains in the plant un-
til spring, usually about the first of
May when they come out and do the
most damage. Flowing up the corn
and planting it again does no good,
for the bugs will eat until mid sum-
mer. What is known as the bud worm
ceases to give trouble after the 10th
of June and plowing up and planting
again is alright; but not so with the
bill bug. Hand picking seems to be
the only remedy. Destroying the
plants in which they raise in the fall
is the surest way to get clear of them.
Guineas, partridges and a few other
birds will eat them. They will kill
young chickens. The bug is very
hard and will claw anything that it
can. When the chick takes up the bug
in his mouth it seizes the chick by the
tongue, and unless it is taken off will
kill the chick The home of the bill
bug is usually low lands, though some
times it is seen on up-lands.
Rotation of crops seems to be one
of the best preventives of all insects.
And if we succeed in bringing our
lands up to high state of cultivation
it will be necessary for us to follow
a systematic rotation.
HARRY FARMER.
Columbus Co., n. @.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1902-05-27
WHEAT HAY.

of The Progressive Farmer writes as
follows:
"About a year ago I saw a state
ment in The Progressive Farmer
about wheat, being almost a perfect
ration for horses; also that an acre of
wheat that would produce ten bushels
was worth $50 as horse feed, if cut at
the right time. VIII you please pub
lish again for the benefit of some who
may wish to try wheat as feed for
horses and be sure to state at what
stage of maturity it ought to be har-
vested and how to cure for horse
feedW
The article asked for, we believe,
was written by DR.. JAS. B. Hunnicutt,
of Georgia, an occasional contributor
to our columns; and we notice that he
has an article on the same subject in
the current number of the Southern
Cultivator. We quote it entire:
"The wheat crop will soon be in con-
dition for making hay. This hay has
been eminently satisfactory to those
who have tried it. It is about equal
to corn and fodder both. AS corn is
high and with many very scarce, the
use of wheat hay must be very helpful.
When cut just as the grain is in full
dough stage this forage is very easily
cured, and furnishes both grain and
rOughage.
off cut up when fed there will be no
loss whatever. If fed whole, some may
fall under the horses feet and be lost.
"There is no loss in using the wheat
crop for hay, but a real gain. Saved
and fed in this way, you get nearly
twice the value you will by letting it
ripen and save only the grain. When
you do that you come in competition
with all the wheat-growing sections.
But when you make hay and feed it,
you get about the same value for the
grain and the feeding value of the
straw and chaff. This is about the
same as the value of the grain.
'If the wheat is allowed to get ripe,
then the straw glazes and is not so
valuable for feeding.
"Now that corn and hay are both
very high, this crop is worth looking
after. Not only for horses, but for
cattle and hogs this is good food.
owe give below the result of exper-
iments which show that wheat is worth
as much as corn for feeding. But if
threshed and fed, stock are apt to
swallow most of it whole. Hence it is
liable to produce indigestion. No
such trouble comes from wheat hay.
"If you have not tried it we think
you will do we'll to make the expert
ment. Cut part of your wheat crop
for hay"
The report of the Wyoming, Station
referred to by DR.. Hunnicutt is as
follows:
''The following table shows the num-
ber of pounds of digestible nutrients
IN 100 pounds of both corn and wheat
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1902-05-27

The wheat crop will be light one
in Surry County this year. In many
other counties the crop will be no bet
ter.-Mount Airy News.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1902-05-27
Columbus Co., n. @.

Remember we always receive renew
ais and new subscriptions with sincere
thanks.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1902-05-27

CONTINUED on Page g.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1902-02-10

LODGE OF ELKs INSTITUTED. ALEX
andria Lodge, Benevolent and Protec-
tive Order of Elks, was Instituted IN
Odd Fellows Hall, on norto Colum bus
stree yesterday by Grand Exalted
Ruler Edward ]. Shine. district deputy
of MARYLAND and the District of COlum.
bia He was assisted by number OF
past off ,ers Of the order from Baltimore
aud Washington Lodges. About fifty
visitors from Washington, forty from
B fillmore, sDd several representatives
from Richmond, DaDVille, and other
cities were present. The ceremony oil
making the thirty.four charter members
Elk was begun OF one O'Clock 10 the
afternoon. The following are the OH
GERS of the lodge in this city: Edward
J. Q1inD, exalted ruler; II. h. Kelly,
esteemed leading knight: Cnampe
Walker, esteemed royal knight; J. Nj.
Hill, esteemed lectufi0g knight; l.. Il
Shum o, secretary; Ii. b. Quinn. tress'
ur-i; Jonn N LAWYER, tyler; Thomas ID,
DlWney, inner guard; Charles Sohnel'
OR. DR.. NJ ID. Delaney, and w. ii. L.
Kellsy. trustees. After the iOstalia ion
car monies which we're concluded s6ou
6 icl OK. De iitOrs we're entertained
at dinner, which WIS served In the
di lop room on the e a1or Ofthe hall,
Toe yl-iting Eks -xDress Jnemselv
as nieoly pleas d with their visit .'
Al-xAndcis, ADD lett for their nom
snorlly after 7 o'clock rho Dew lods
Stars out 40 er tie mos auspiciou
circums snc AMI will 40 d1uol heoc
forth be- a h,unsniog Alsxsudria io-.'-
tutiOn.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1902-02-10
COOPERATIVE CHARITIES.

The ladies Of the Cooperative Charities
Association wish to return thanks 10 their
many friends for their liberal donations given
during the winter which have ensb's1 them
to relieve the distressed and suffering in
many homes. During this extreme cold
weather he ladies have visited the homes
Of the poor, many of whom have been m,de
comfortable by the giving Of fuel, clothing
and groceries. They have also been able 10
relieve number Of our citizsns whose wants
have never be,n ma1o known. 1t ia the
duty OF these ladies to visit the homes Of the
destitute before help is given and Ia their
visits have found many worthy oneS, some
at our very doors, who would rather suffer
than make their wants known. This $3.50
citation has clothed the children so they could
coDti.ue In school and parents were furnished
with clothing 30 that they eouldgo to their
daily labor. Many hungry ones have been fed
from the donations that have go given.
This organic itiOn has ben busy during the
winter and has relieved in various ways
about 55 or 60 families. While we are liv-
ing in comfort let us not forget the poor,
remembering Proverbs 1 tn chapter, 21st
verse, "He that hsth mercy on the poor
happy is he"
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1902-02-10

TIVE WEATHER AND RIVER. The
Dolar wave which began TO make llsei'
felt Friday afternoon Bod Woicn seem
in0lv scent is force last night, wnen
the northwest wind diminished 10
fiercsness, was f. loved today by
more comfortable conditions. Doriog
tne preceding forty-eiRht hours the
cold has been Intense and old Bore Is
kent on a steady rampage from Friday
evening until during the early hours al
Last night when he seemed to nave ex-
hausfed himself. He, however, LETT 10
bis trail much frost 10 the air and It
We cold and still until day0rsek,
woen smoke from chimneys was seen
10 bs curling from the south and IL was
gratifying to know that the vino nsd
~ last veered to more cneerIui
quarter. 1t, however, soon resumed us
Ga position Doring the pree days sway
Of the cold wave much additional ice
formed aud the river has been etfectuai-
ly closed TO everything save iron-hulled
screw steamers and tugbOst, though
the tracks they made froze over ss
Boon as they passed up or down. The
Norfolk steamers and the Es:ells Ran
dali are tle only passenger boats run
Ming. The thickness measures about
ven inches, except in the gorges,
where il was two or three feet thick In
places. No hshDg vessels are able TO
come up the river, and toe fish supply
Of bCtl this city and Washington at
present is coming by rail from BaIti-
iuore aud other points. The grest fear
al tbs time OF the year Is that the
breakup Of the ice will result 10 the
formation of jam at the Long Bridge
and threaten the safety of that siruc-
turs. the only railway link between
Washington a d the south. Advlces
from The lower river report the scene
as dismal. The slOop B. Ii. Lambert,
Cantain Z locb Davis, is frozen in the
ice at Rock PoiGi, WIcOmlco, and the
Schooner Ella Hill. Capt Frank Dixon,
W th goo bushels OF oysters aboard, iS In
lower MachOdoc.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1902-02-10

CAPT. FAUNCE AT HoME.-CapI
Chr, an F4uUce, of tue 6sniog sloop
Alo os4, spent yesterday with HI
family Ia Washington, after a week @.
~ welcoms exO-rieoc-s IL an ice jan
near tn mouth If Msttsw1mao Greek
A already Eta eli in the Gazrtt9, biz
boat vas caught in a heavy blow o.
the Virginia side of the river near
Woodbridge about 6 week AGO and
swept out i t. the river. Relatives,
went to rescue him Saturday. Il
was their inte1 ton TO cross the ice TO
the Albst Oss When tina party are
rived At Glymout Captain Fsuoce IVES
on the wnari wsiing for return pas
sage 20 WASHINGTON on the steamer
Estelle Randall. He had crossed the
ice on f., 40 d reached the shore with
some dlflicu lty. He appeared TO be
none the worse for his experience, al
though he says It was by no means
pleasant. The Albatross Was aband'
oned
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1902-02-10

THE BOHEMIAN GIRL TONIGHT
tine Bohemian Girl" will be rendered
~ Sharps and Flats, at the Opera
House tonight. Every preparation has
oeen made and the affairs is 90 assured
success. The performance will be re-
oeated tomorrow. Nearly all Of the
eat, have been sold for both perform
,Hcrs The opera will be put on with
I'll of ne accessories that would be ex-
pected OF professionals. Mrs. NJ. w.
O'Bnen, the, directress, has ever re-
c4ived the prSise for the success OF the
various perfor spces given by Sbarps
and Flats by which the different
,harities Of this city have benefited 10
{ ne past.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1902-02-10

SENT TO THE INFIMARY. - James
Richards went to the station house Sat
urday evening and stated that he wss
sick and desired to lie down for awhile.
Chief Webster examined him and pro-
nounced his case the result OF the over
use ofstimulsnts, and an empty bottle
subsequently rolling out of his pocket
gave probability to the supposition. 1t
was foslly concluded to send him to
the Infrmary. Previous to being re-
moved he rolled off bench and cut his
ACE and upon reaching the Iofrmary
DR.. PurvIs dressed the patients face and
corrohorated. C1ief Webster's diagnosis
Richards was subsequently returned to
tne It ltion house, but having been
seized by fits be was returned to the
InhrmRry.