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The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1902-09-10
OUR FIRST COTTON MILL.
Col. William Gregg Of Charleston
the Pioneer of the Industry in
South Carolina.

The Washington Post of recent date,
in noting the presence in Washington
of Mr.. a. H. Twitchell, of Spartan
burg, prominent cotton manufac.
turer, stated that Mr.. Twitchell
started the first cotton factory in the
Palmetto State.'' Mr.. Twitchell has
been engaged in cotton milling in
South Carolina for forty three years,
coming to the State from New York,
but he was not the first to engage in
the industry that has grown to such
great proportions in South Carolina.
The late Col. William Gregg, Of
Charleston, is entitled to that distinc-
tion.
In 1S45 Col. Gregg applied to the
charter for the Graniteville Manufac-
turing Company.
interpretations at that time were I'M
popular in the State, and it was doubt
full whether charter could be obtain
ed that would prove acceptable to the
stockholders. Mr.. Gregg met the
emergency by a pamphlet entitled
An Inquiry Into the Expediency Of
Granting Charters for Manufacturing
Purposes in South Carolina" signed
Zone of the People" A copy Of this
pamphlet was placed in the hands Of
each member of the Legislature and
there is no doubt that it finally was
instrumental in producing the great
change in public sentiment on this
subject. The charter was passed by a
large majority Of both houses. Imme-
diately after obtaining the charter the
factory was commemorative capital Of
$500, 900. Mr.. Gregg took the entire su-
pervision Of the work and devoted him.
self to its erection for three years with
out charge to the company for his eff
cient services. AS early as lS38Mr. Gregg
began publishing certain essays on
domestic industry, which were largely
republished throughout the Southern
States. To these essays has been at
tributed the origin of the extensive
manufacturing operations in Augusta,
the erection of the Graniteville fac
tory and numerous others in South
Carolina and other Southern States. 3
Prior to the erection of the Granite
vile factory, as early as 1887, he pur-
chased large interest in the
"Vaucluse Factory" then a small
mill for the manufacture Of coarse
osnaburgs. At the close of the war
in 1865 Granitevilie was the only
factory in the State that remained in
the hands Of its original incorporators.
It has never been sold.-Post.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1902-09-10
PROTECTING RUNAWAY THIEVES.
When a Canada Judge Makes a
Decree as in Greene and Gay
nor Case, 1t is not Re-
versatile.

Washington, Sept. S.-Marion Erwin,
the special assistant to the attorney
general in the prosecution of Capt.
Oberlin NJ. Carter and Messrs. Greene
and Gaynor in the cases involving al
legged big frauds in the government
engineering work in Savannah, today
discussed the status of that litigation.
He has just returned from New York
where he went in connection with
civil suits to recover half a million
dollars OF assets to the government.
Regarding the Greene and Gaynor
extraoition matter, Mr.. Erwin said:
" Judge Caron's decision in reversing
Judge Andrews Judgment and in dis
charging the prisoners from custody
before we could have our hearing he
fore the extradition commissioner is
by no means regarded by the depart
ment of justice as ending our efforts to
accomplish the extradition.
"It is true that we have no appeal
under the laws of Canada from the
decision of Judge Caron in discharg-
ing the prisoners. It makes no differ
ence how many judges may decide that
our proceedings were we'll founded, as
Judge Andrews decided in this case, if
the prisoners can find one Judge who
will decide otherwise and free them
there is no appeal from such judg-
ment, however erroneous.
"This is not true under the United
States laws. In such case, the for
eign government has a right to appeal
to the United States court. The Uni
ted States employed in Canada the
ablest counsel that could be obtained
there and the latter have no doubt of
the correctness of Judge Andrews
decision holding that extraditable
ofenses were charged.
"While we have no appeal will not
say that We are entirely without rem
edy. Whatever remedies exist will be
applied in the proper way at the proper
time. Meantime the defendants are
practically compelled to keep close to
their city of refuge. It is sufficient to
say that the extradition proceedings
are not ended
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1902-09-10
MAGAZINE ExPLogEs NEAR BOSTON.
One Man Killed and Several Wound
ed-.-Granite Blocks Hurled Hun.
dred Yards Away.

Boston, Sept. 7.-One of the govern
ment magazines at Old Fort Winthrop,
on Governors Island, upper Boston
harbor, blew up this evening with q
detonation that was heard at points ~
miles away. The explosion is suppos-
ed to have been caused by boys setting
fires On the island. One dead and five
injured were brought to- this city by
the police boat, and while it is believ-
ed that this is the extent Of the casual
ties, it is possible that others may be
found suffering from the force of the
concussion.
The dead mans name is Cotter, but
further than this nothing is known.
Injured: James A. Crowley, aged Il
Christian Knuson, aged 80; Charles
Flanagan, aged %; Dennis j. Swan
son, aged "a, and Paul Barry, aged 26,
all having flesh wounds besides suffer
ing from shock.
Negotiations have been pending some
time for the release Of the island by
the government to the city as part of
the laster's park SYSTEM, and although
the transfer has not been formally COM
pleted the guard on the island has been
somewhat relaxed of late, and as a
result numerous clubs ard pleasure
parties have made use of it, especially
on Sundays, the governments only
representative there being an ordnance
sergeant who has to maintain watch
over the entire island. There are sew
eral old wooden buildings at the south
end of the island, but the fort itself,
only little of which is visible above
ground, is of stone, some Of the gran
ite blocks being of immense size.
The force of today's explosion is
shown by the fact that some of these
great blocks were hurled several hun
dred yards, while one of the largest
was sent into the air and came down
through the citadel in the centre of
the fort, making a hole large enough
to drive team of horses through.
All over the island the effects of the
explosion are visible, while in East
Boston, South Boston and in the city
proper the eoncussion was severe
enough to break windows and shake
buildings to their foundations.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1902-09-10
DEMOCRATIC EVANGELIST.
Tom Johnston's State Campaign
Opens With a Big Tent Meeting.

:. Lorraine, O., Sept. 6.1The Demo
cratic State campaign was opened in
this city tonight. A tent with seat
ing capacity Of 8, 800 people was crowd
ed. The principal address was that Of
Tom L. johnson Of Cleveland. He
said, in part:
We, in this campaign, are trying
to advocate principles that are backed
by the truth. The last State legisla-
ture, controlled and guided largely
under the influence of two United
States senators, did some good things.
I commend that portion of the work.
But the legislature, with knowledge
shat the steam railroads were not pay
ing by 81, 600, 600, a year in taxes as
much as farmers and home owners,
deliberately increased them but s400, :
coo a year instead of 81, 600, 600.
The last legislature exempted
stockholders of railroads from taxa
tion and placed the burden upon the
property Of those engaged in competi-
tive business In the State of Ohio. Is
that a fair scheme of taxation?
The Republican leaders have carried
out corrupt bargain to make the peo-
PIE Of Ohio pay more than their share
oil taxes in order that those owning
monopolies living outside the State
should pay less. That is what we con-
denim in the State legislature.
'tThen, further. some men who are
high in the Republican party found
that the government Of the city of
Cleveland was at fault, a government
that had been satisfactory for II years
and under which the people of Cleve-
land had power to change the officials
as often as they cared to, and in get
ting rid of that government they pull
ed down the government OF every city
in the State.
Now the legislature is in the midst
of preparing municipal code to gov
ern the cities of Ohio and to the extent
that they WI. do it in the interest Of
home rule, I say to them, Godspeed,
but if the municipal code bill is to be
made the means Of extending Boss
Cox's government in the cities, then I
say this legislature should be con-
demned by every liberty-loying man
and woman in Ohio. -
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1902-09-10
The CRAZE FOR PENSIONS.
Petty PeIitics in Selection Of the
County Boards.

Columbia, Sept. 5.-There has re-
Gently sbeen good deal: Of agitation
regarding the abuses that seem to
creep into the pension lists in this
State. In the Federal pensions, where
the amounts are large, it is more read
lily seen why so many nndeservlng
names get on the pension rolls, bat in
the matter Of the State pension, which
rs but tride, it is surprising that
there should be SO much deception.
All sorts OF tricks are copstantly being
practiced, and not SO very long ago, it
was discovered that one man was get
ting pension from South Carolina as
Confederate Veteran and the Federal
Government was also paying him a
pension as Federal soldier. 1t was
no uncommon thing for citizens Of
North Carolina to claim and getSouth
Carolina pensions. 8
There have been great many sug-
gesGions as to the best method of
curing the existing and evidently
growing tendency towards fraud. 1t is
a bad thing TO say that men will
knowingly cheat deserving Confeder-
ate soldiers out OF. their little allow
ance and that men who do not deserve
it are today claiming to have served
and done honor to the Confederate
cause, when their comrades know
shas they were desersers or did not
serve at all. - ;
The pension department in Colum-
bia is absolutely poWsrless to get at
the facts of every individual case.
The harder the State board tries to
prune the lists and to be stringent in
the requirements about exact infor-
nation and records and certificates,
the madder do the county boards get
and the more applications do they
pile OF. the State board.
It is suggested that one Of the great
troubles today is that shere is too much
petty politics in the selection Of the
county boards. It is even suggested
that those who are refused pensions
get together and work systematic cally
50 elect those who they know will
favor their applications, which had
previously been refused. The town
ships select their representatives and
these township representatives select
the county board. It is said that far
better results and often better men
we're secured when the State board
selected the members of the county
boards, and this was because they
would pick out men who were under
no obligations.
The State board, so as to facilitate
those who wish to help in pruning the
lists, not only sends out for publication
to such papers as wish it lists Of the
county pensioners, and every year the
name of each and. every pensioner ssin
South Carolina is published in book
form. This is the sort of publicity
that the Federal Government viii not
give to its pension list.-News and
Coprier.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1902-09-10
Darlington's Summer School.

Darlington, Sept. 6.-The summer
school for the white teachers Of Oar
lington county closed yesterday. 1t
was conducted by Prof. Edmunds with
marked zeal, ability and thoroughness.
The teachers in attendance showed
earnest purpose to learn the best
methods of imparting instruction and
it was a season of "blessed helpful
ness" to all in attendance. It is hope
that the same leader will be returned
here next year to carry his excellent
methods into higher lines and to wit
ness the growth in interest and
thoroughness which has come of his
good service this year.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1902-09-10

The Georgia peach has short run,
but it gets there, and according to +.
j. Merriam brings more money into
the State than its cotton crop.
1t is said that J. p. Morgan is now
projecting with $500, 100000 meat
combine, which will do $1,000, GOO, 600
worth of business and make 500, GOO,
600 year net profit. Won't that skin
and roast somebody.
For the aid and comfort of people
who are deficient in cuss-word yocabu
larry German publisher has compiled
a book containing $3.50 swear words.
But the whole array boiled down
wouldn't compare in strenuosity with
primer of genuine United States
10,
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1902-09-10

Cape Haitien, Sept. THE gun
boat Crete -a-Pierot, which was in the
service of the Firminist party, has been
sunk at the entrance of the harbor of
Gonaives by the German gunboat
Panther. The crew of the Crete-a-
Pierot left her before she went down.
Des Moines, Ia, Sept. "a special
from Waterloo stated that members of
the congressional committee and local
leaders Of the party announced today
that former governor Horace Boies Will
be nominated for congress against
Speaker Henderson at the Third dis
trict Democratic convention at Du-
buque next Thursday.
Durant, L T., Sept. IA battle
was fought about 10 miles east of here
last night between Rev. W. F. Whaley
and his two sons, Alf and Ernest on
one side, and j. H. and j. A. Rich
ardson and their brother-in-law, Mr..
Wattenberger, on the other, in which
the elder Whaley was killed and Alf,
his son, had both arms torn to pieces,
and j. a. Richardson received severe
wound in the thigh. There has been
trouble between the Whaleys and Rich
ardsons for the past few months and
yesterday the two parties met on the
highway while returning home from
Durant, with the above result.
Osceola, Ark, Sept. 7.-One fatally
shot and two seriosuly wounded is the
result of fight between white men
audsa negro on passenger train here
this afternoon. ssBald y'' Taylor, a
negro, boarded the train and walked
into the coach for white passengers
saying he proposed to find seats for
two negro women. He was told by a
passenger that he was in the wrong
coach. Taylor then drew a revolver
and began firing indiscriminately. a.
G. Fisher of Rosa, Ark, was prob
ably fatally shot and tonight paralysis
has set in. A. R. Hume also of Rosa,
was mortally wounded by bullet from
the negros' pistol. E. W. Shuttle was
seriously wounded. Hume fred upon
the negro, the ball striking him in
the breast. His wound is not serious.
Wilkesbarre, Pa, Sept. 6.-At the
close of the seventeenth week of the
miners strike both sides to the con-
test say they are satisfied, with the
situation. The operators. state that
the output of coal this week was great
er than any other week since the strike
began and next week it promises to be
still greater. The strikers, on the 9TH
er hand, claim, through their officers,
that the efforts of the big companies
to resume mining has been signal
failure, as they have been unable to
get miners to cut the coal. At strike
headquarters it is admitted that the
washeries are turning out certain
amount of coal poor in quality, but
it is claimed that the total output is
only drop in the bucket. President
Mitchell said tonight that the miners
were just as determined as ever and
that all talk of going back to work was
without foundation.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1902-09-10
CLEMSON COLLEGE.

Anderson, Sept. 6.-Clemson college
will open Wednesday, September 10.
DR.. P. II. Nell, the newly elected
presiednt, arrived at the college
Thursday and entered upon his duties
Friday. He has made q most favora
BILE impression on those who have met
him. During the past few days a
great many members of last years
sophomore class have gone back to the
college and have been getting ready to
stand their examinations for entrace
into the junior class. They we're ex-
cused from standing the examinations
at the close of the last session on ac-
count of the time they lost during
their secession.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1902-09-10
NIGHT OF AWFUL TERROR.
appalling Phenomenon Expsrinesd on
Saint Vincent Dreadful Volcanic
Eruption.

Kingstown, st. Vincent, Thursday,
Sept. 4-An appalling phenomenon
was witnessed here last night. It last
ed from 9 q. m., to o'clock this
morning. A dreadful eruption Of the
Soufriere volcano enveloped this whole
island in an electric cloud and smoke.
At ID o'clock this morning the atmos-
phere is still unsettled, but the erup-
tion is apparently subsiding.
The sun is obscured and oppressive
heat prevails. The sea is slightly agl-
tated. Sand has fallen ten miles from
the crater. No sand has fallen here.
The northern centres are deserted.
The eruption Of yesterday was longer
In duration and more violent in action
than even the frst outburst Of May 2.
With q. taunsing recollection OF the fate
of ST. Pierre, Martinique, and the last
disaster here, the people converged on
Kingstown and ran TO and fro seeking
the safest shelters from the threaten
ing electric cloud spreading over the
hills toward the town, while shocks OF
ershquake though not severe, increas-
ed the panic.
At 2 O'Clock In the morning loud,
rapid explosions were mingled with
the continuous, terrible roar and the
Cinmerian darkness changed into a
constantly glimnlering frmament, IL
1unined BY forked Lightning, balls OF
Ere ascending from the crater and
bursting into meteor ike showers.
Such an awe-inspiring scene the
widest fights Of fancy could not have
Imagined. This lasted till 8 o'coick In
the morning. The rumor that a tidal
wave was expected caused increased
agitation and hundreds of people fed
20 the hills adjoining the town. Super
heated clouds rose to an immense height
and rain clouds below sent down two
showers.
Asa. M, silver clouds were issu-
ing from the crater and throughout
the day they. moved slowly northward.
The heat was abnormal and there were
renewed indications of further ont
break Of the volcano.
Last night there were unmistakable
signs ossMont Pelee Martinique being
IN eruption simultaneously with the
Soufriere- distinct electric flashes be-
ing observed on the northwestern
horizon.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1902-09-10

Galveston, Tex, Sept. 6.-The coun-
ty commissioners held a special meet
ing today and awarded the contract
for the great sea wall to ]. NJ.
O'Rourke & Co. of Denver TIE wall
will be built of granite concrete and
the riprap apron in front Of the wall
will be of sandstone. The bid on this
basis is 81, 1885,, 31S, of which $3.50, 600
will be paid in sea wall bonds at par.
The wall is to be finished within -
months from commencement of work
and the contractors say they will be-
gin actual construction within one
month.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1902-09-10

Washington, Sept. 6.-The president
has proclaimed an agreement entered
into with the government of France on
the 22d of August last, extending an
important trade advantage to the ISL
and of PuertoIRico by the admission of
the coffee produced in that island to
The French markets atthe minimum
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1902-09-10
FLAMES FROM vEsUvlUs.

London, Sept. IA special dispatch
from Naples says large volumes of
fame were issuing from the crater of
Mount Vesuvius Saturday evening.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1902-09-10

There are in this country 22,3l2
newspaper establishments. with an ag-
gregate capital of 1922, 5l7,0 and
they all pay tariff tribute to the pro-
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1902-09-10

The output of gold, silver, iron, cop
per, lead, zinc and other minerals, not
counting coal, in this country, is
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1902-09-10

Hammocks at special prices TO close
out stock. IT. 6. 0steen & Co.
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1902-07-18


Casrious Styles of letter Bindings.
Any n in the habit Of perusing old
letters is struck with the tone of great
humility and Difference which per,
vades the correspondence Of II ances
tors.
A few specimens of the style of be
ginning and ending letters may prove
interesting as in striking contrast to
the laconic yours obediently." faith
fully" or truly of the present day.
It would certainly be difficult to match
the following subscription of a letter
from the Duke Of Shrewsbury to Sir
Thomas Hammer, dated September,
lib: 81 desire that you will believe
that, wherever I am, I shall always en-,
deayor to deserve and very mlch value
your friendship, being, with a sincere
esteem, sir, your most faithful and ODE
dent servant, Shrewsbury"
Frequently one meets with bellicose
subscriptions, as in the ease of the
Earls Of Huntly and Enrol, who, in
1894, Threatened lawful consequences
to the magistrates Of Aberdeen unless
they released certain gentlemen i'm.
prisoned in their city. and inscribed,
yours as ye will. either present peace
or weir"
The Mitchell capital. (Mitchell, Dakota [S.D.]) 1879-1918, 1902-07-18
.SEMl-ANNUAL SESSION
County Commissioners Transact Busi
ness and Settle With County
officials.

Regular session Of board Of coun-
ty commissioners held at auditors
Office Thursday, July ], 1902.
organized as a board Of equaliz-
alton, each member taking oath as
such member.
Motion made ana carried that S.
u. Moore act as chairman, auditor
being secretary. Members present
were S. j. Moore, c. Q. Halphide,,
Newell Rlackman, J. w. Gilillan
and @. H. Grimm.
Board proceeded to examine as
SCISSORS books and equalize same.
Motion made and carried to adj
iourn to / 40 p. N.
Afternoon session.
Board called to order at l:30p. M.
Members all present.
Continuing equalizing
Motion made and carried to adjourn
to 9 o'clock. July End.
Wednesday, July 2.
bUdTu Cdl1cu w Oiu0i az SAooh
a. m. Members all present.
Continued Equalizlng.
Motion made :and carried to adj
journ to 1880 p. m.
Afternoon session.
Board called to order at 1870.
Continued e%qualizing.
The following changes were made
on wagons and carriages:
Lisbon township, lowered 10 pei
cent.
Prosper township raised 70 pei
cent.
Mt. Vernon village raised 10 pei
cent.
Rome township raised 40 pei
cent.
Mitchell township lowered 80 pei
cent.
Union township lowered 20 pei
cent.
Baker township raised so per cent,
Badger township raised 50 per cent
Blendon township raised 40 per cent
Mt. Vernon township raised 20 Pc
cent.
Beulah township raised 25 per cent