The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1902-02-16
SCIENCE.
MopknN ENoLIsn MACHINE MKrHops.

by MIR. n. F. l.. circuit before the British
Institution OF Mechanical I'm gineers Is In
terestine as a contribution to q dlscusslon
now prominent In England. especially as II
accurate limlt-gauge instead, Of miorometers
or cAlipers Ia strongly urged. even In snlhli
shops. There Is. he says, q Widespread ann
manufacturers who desire to emulate Anlert-
cans. that, the, latest methods, cannot 90
thoroughly standardized. specialized ard
made IN large Quantities. MIR. circuit, thinks
otherwise and remarks that q single hole
than In a lathe II IL more easily made 10 a
limit gauge than when celipsr1 ere nsH 20
grinding machine than In the lathe. quality
duly, considered, and again. II IA more easily
s sEHihiiieGG lab so I" 4 II%'I Ide s,H that iargPc Quantities ties
modern equipment begins to play an import
Is ddsscrib""td as a dciSsioH Of those Who have
graspsd only a small part OF the pronlemi
LABORATORY and tes,In 2 depsrtment are pointed
out. Materials should be- studied with refer
e S 70 selecting lice tn. most spitaolff the e ess Of "a a
shop, viii not warrant The expense q test
Ing department, several shops should DIN 10
Nj orcutt looks for decided advance and
Improvement In English practice.
o~BskRvATIoS oP WAVES ~ THE AIR.
Helmholtz showed that when a current of
air warmer. and therefore lighter. was flowing
above another current colder and denser the
/ circumstances we're the same as when q. wind
u blowing oh a level surface OF, LIQUID. IN
both cases regular waves are produced In the
denser medium and the waves have th,ir
upper errPsnt a'oV 4 Wind u" that viii rGoduce
water waves one metre long will, In air cur
rent. differing ten degrees G n Temperature.
In len 9TH. To water waves from Ave TO
ten metre. long correspond air waves hav-
Such waves. " whose heiskt above the sur
face OF the earth IL often not greater than
their lergth are Ike water waves that STIR
the whole mass Of water from the. surface
but are not Visible unless the lower layers
mists are formed In such a case parallel
bands OF clouds are. produced extending
over a large portion Of the SKY. rn,., .,
Munich was able to recognize such waves
Ard TO Take such weao,res IS g HhoT that
ton was completely verified.
oo-HoRSs.
Lord Rsyleieh has lately described a series
Of experiments on fos-horns executed for
Trinity House. Fog-horns with elliptic cones
instead Of circular. were tried. the major
i tais o. than sne the iitiP mino ofi"v wien Se1' the .G long !i sHis
was exa,tly vertical the spread OF the sound
s IN = 4sri L, ,on ia S SiT1SyiiGn w met the , best pha 1t
nomenon OF the. silent area" Is really due
to Interference bet ween waves OF sound
reflected from the water II the effect were
really so caused II ought TO, be possible TO
height Of tho ob.arfveTf' above the sea 5 rrfscs.
but experiments In changing the observer!
sitltuds have not verified The suggested
used at the same station they sometimes
produce q silent area by interference. how
ever. and the practical lesson Is therefore,
never TO use more than one.
UTILIZATION OF THE GASES FROM HIGH FUR-
EACEs.
Nr. Bryan Donkin lately read 20 the British
Institution OF Civil Engineers a paper on the
utili alton Of the gases from high furnaces
waste. When we consider that more than
+1,111.0o0 tons Of metal are produced In such
furnaces I IL clear that the waste was enor.
nous. About hfty years ago the subject
began 20 be considered and the gases were
NTH ed TO drive blowers o.. 10 heat the air
blown into the furnaces themselves. But
IL was not until they were employed TO drive
motors directly that the utiIi alton APP
1871 horsepower. driven in this way. are not
uncommon IN Germany and Belgium. Eng
land Is behind in this regard.
LONGITUDE BY wIRFLyss TELEGRAPHr.
The United States Coast and Geodetic Survey
has recently carried out a series Of expert
ments to determine the difference Of longi-
tude between the llghtship on Nantucket
Shoals and the shore, forty eight miles dis
tsnt. II was possible to secure Chronog-
graphic records OF the ChrOnOmeter beats
and the signals from the ship and TO elimi-
nate the lag Of the Instruments by causing
the, chronometer break 10 excite the coherer
Time observations were made and the FIRST
determination Of longitude by wireless teleg-
nation Of longitude ~ land telagrsphs was
made between Washington and Baltimore
in Is4+. and the method Is to-day specifically
Islands like those Of the Alaskan archipelago
the new wireless methods are likely to be Of
great value.
THE HEIGHT TO WHICH BIRDS PIT.
The a~aronaut HerResall Of strassburg saw.
in one OF his ascensions, an eagle at a height.
OF 5000 metres and in another. two storks
and a buzzard az a0 metres Llrks have
been seen at 1000 metres, and crows at l,4f.
are rarely seen above ION metres and very
few above go. Birds have been released
from balloons At heights var Inc from 9ll 10
5000 metres In a clear atmosphere they
few directly downward, remaining near the
balloon, however, If the sky were cloudy,
Pigeons were released from a balloon thirty
miles away from home in cloudy weather.
TIe first nj con returned home In three hours,
the second in four and the last took nearly
a day. In clear weather they reached home
from that distance in about Is minutes,
WIRELESS TELEPHONY THROUGH II EARTH.
NJ Ducretet. repeating the experiments OF
Bourbouze made in 1919 has lately endeavored,
with success, TO transmit human, speech
through ordinary tcle"i ones. using the enrth
W Wv jay '"ANAA " NH' ~ HAHAH ~ -
Interesting. though difficult 20 explain. one
thing Is certain s1yS the cN~"ertnenter,
namely that earth filters out. 20 to say, the
continuous current necessary to the opera
ton Of the apparatus. THIS current is dlfused
into many othcrs capable OF tctuatinc a cer-
tain number OF telephones distributed around
the t~ranSmitter. and IN the experiments
cited those diTused currents were strong
enough TO operate a relay with a clll-bell
INFLUENCE or Low @ ER oS AURoRAs
VI. Stazzano has heretofore noted several
f.nss nltY. 20 .h,NE th4s sla auVAFa hAVAa1a
Is Of to ~restrial origin; that IL il intimately
connected viii phenomena Chased as mo-
teorologicRl and now shows from statistics
that low pra-~tires OF the barometer are the
sign OF the most direct connection, auror1s
! Increasing IN frequency with low pr"ssurss.
They act not only TO extend the auroral zone
which, In both hemispheres, follows the line
oflow polar pressure. but also the period Of tho
low prCssureS Influences both the dlurnal and
the monthly period OF the aurora,
RtCENr EXPLORATIONS is rGYPT.
Remarkable results have been attained In
the explorations at Abydos during the past
year The consecutive order OF seventeen
kings has been established and the founda-
lions OF Egyptian history settled on a firm
basis. The historic character OF King Nens
has been demonstrated and y long line OF, a