The Hawaiian gazette., 1902-05-02
WHAT We
MAY GROW
Jared Smith Talks
About Small
Farming.


government experimental station, d'-
livercd two lectures ON the SUBJECT "i
Island Industries, one a. hlo ana one
at Olna- The lectures were bas,u upon
observations made at the time ot % ioi-
mer visit aud had To- deal with the ag-
ricultur.l possibilities of the communi-
~ between Hno and Mountain View,
ON the Volcano road. The following ls
part OF the address delivered by the
Professor at Hilo and at Mountain
View:
THE practice OF agriculture Is old. but
instruction in agriculture is new. The
first sch,ol for instruction in agricul-
ture was founded in Denmark IN the
year 1900. the first In the United states
IN Michigan In 1853. Tie htst tHptri-
ment station in 1875, at Wesleyan unl-
versity AT Middletown, Conn. Sull
later ON March 2 1857, Congress passed
the Hatch Act, the enabling act under
which the 50 Federal experiment sta
tions were to be founded. in every state
and Territory. An annual approprla-
tion OF $4,000 was set apart Tor the
snuuort and maintenance Of each sta
lion. Today the total Federal appro-
pr,ation for this work, the development
of the agricultural resources OF our
land, amounts to three-quarters OF Il
million dollars. and half a million more
is given by the State and Territorial
Il legislatures.
the agricultural college in 1855, the ex-
pertinent station in 1875 another sep
arate institution is now in process OF
deveIopment-the Farmers Institute.
The agricultural college is training
school for the student and the station
worker Its field Is the class room. The
.xper.ment station is for research, for
an mvs stigation of the fundamental
prinrtp.es underlying the science OF aB-
riculture. Its field is in the laboratory.
The Farmers Institute has become
necessary as connecting INK between
the station and college on the one hand
and the practical farmer. The func-
tion Of the Farmers Institute is to re-
duce facts as determined in the class
room, the laboratory and the expert
mental field, to terms of comprehension
by the man who makes his liVlng from
the soil. Each of these institutions
college, station and lnstitute-are nee
essary parts OF the educational system
of our land. They are separate, but
not independent Each is necessary 10
the rounding out Of the whole.
Within the past fifteen years the
farmer has undergone a radica
change The world of agriculture as
veil as Of commerce is getting smaller
THIS narrowing has been brought abou
by the wonderful Improvement II
methods Of transportation. The IGN
door neighbors Of our cane planters IL
Hawaii are sugar beet farmers OF Ger
many, the English colonies on Tn
Zambesi and the Dutch landlords II
Java. Competition in every line of ag
ricultural production is becomln
closer all over the world. The whea
surplus of Minnesota and the Dakota
may go to relieve famine In lndii
The period of isolation of countr!e
and localities has passed forever. I'm
steam and electric road has taken I'll
place Of the oX-cart of yesterday, I'll
swift ocean steamer Is displacing IL
sailing vessel You have ceased to |
an Island community and have pecon
the next door neighbor OF all the worl'
with long continued cultivation thei
has come decrease in the fertility
the soil. With improved methods I
transportation there has been an II
crease in the number of pests affectin
agricultural crops Above all, low,
prices and closer competition ha,
made the farmer student whether |
would be one or not. The day nj
passed when the farm was the last r.
sort OF the man who was unsuccesst
in other occupations. The narrowir
of the world of trade and commer
has made the practice Of agricultu
business, a profession, and we ;
know that the business man who su
ceeds must understand his busines IS al
make il a study. II has been true +
turer. the lawyer, doctor and mercha'
it s true today of the farmer.
The science OF agriculture has GU
stripped its practice To bring the tN
more closely together is the aim Of Il
experiment station and the Farmer
Institute.
The successful engineer must unde
stand both the principle on which h
engine works and also Its constructio
The successful farmer works In tie
inhnitely more complex than any e.
sineer The factors to his success a
to far greater extent beyond his co
troll, because he works with hVil
plants and animals, in their relation
climate and soil 1t would thereto
seem almost an axiom that the farm
should understand his soil. his plan
and animals. their physical and cher
ical construction, life history, physi'
sgy and diseases.
Hawaii is an old settled country.
agriculture is older than that of I
prairie region of the United States,
region containing over thirteen milli
inhabitants and now the populati
center OF the United States. The &C
ter OF population 10 coming this W
at rapid pace, and the next twei
years is going to witness marked
crease in the foreign population.
these Islands. There Is going to be
velopment along new lines. With oct
steamers In your harbor- and the
sle at your door, new capital and 4
enterprises will embark for "
shores. There 10 going 10 be an
crease In the number Of Ameri
farmers as well as business and prot
sional men in Hawaii. What indu
ments to settlement have you to of
The cane lands have been well eXpl
ed and cane growing will probably
ways be one of the leading indust
Of Hawaii. But what are you goinl
plant for the worlds markets on
lands back of the sugar belt?
The Agricultural Department
Washington has just issued re
giving the value OF farm products
ported and imported during 1901.
ring that year foreign nations
chased farm produce from the An
can farmer To the value of IQh2 0O0