davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Weiser signal. [volume] (Weiser, Idaho) 1890-1904, 1902-03-06
The Public Schools.

The opening of the schools INN )
olately after the holidays was not
very suspicious. One or two isolated
cases of diphtheria caused manv
people to keep their children from
the schools for fear of contaoeon
AS soon as 1t was understood that
there was no danger, the students
began to return until at present prac-
tically all are at their work. Those
who attend regularly cannot fail to
have great development both men
tai and moral and we are now plan
ming course in physical culture.
similar to that considered essential
IN up=to-date eastern schools.
We are very fortunate in our corps
OF teachers. All are strong charac
tiers with conservation for their
work, and a. love for the principles
they advocate that is sure to bring
results. Where is it possible to find
another corps Of teachers so thor
oughly consecrated to their work?
Parents can CO cooperate with us
best by not permitting the child to
remain from work for Tom Savers
"sore toe, or for other trivial ex-
cuses. The loss of two or three
days work on some important topic
may mean the failure of the child to
make the next higher grade.
\ The modern method works hard
ship on indolent pupils. Formerly
the teacher was employed and the
success OF her work was estimated
on her ability to please. The lazy
boy or girl did not want a better
thlng than to go to school and have
"a good time" Now all is changed
The teacher is not employed to pump
facts into the pupil but to develop
their latent resources not to center,
tain but to instruct. "
With our enterprlsing Board of
Education, bent on the welfare of
our schools and our town; with our
excellent corps of teachers and with
the pupils we have, strong and broad
vigorous from the activity of
western life, there is no reason WHY
in the near futute we may not have
schools leading our state and worthy
of the respect of the world.
r. E. QUARLEs.
The Weiser signal. [volume] (Weiser, Idaho) 1890-1904, 1902-03-06
The Salt Lake City Stop-Over.

The Salt Lake City StOp-Over.
There is but one transcontinental
line of railway passing directly
through quaint and picturesque Salt
Lake City and that Is the Rio Grande
System-Scenic Line of the World.
Stop-over privilege is given at Salt
Lake City, beautiful Glenwood, Colo
RADIO Springs or Denver on all classes
of tickets. The Rio Grande System
operates through Sleeping and Din
ing Cars TO Denver, Omaha, Kansas
City, Chicago or ST Louis. Person
ally conducted excursions. Litera-
ture or rates apply to Geo. w. Heintz,
Assistant General Passenger Agent,
Salt Lake City.
The Weiser signal. [volume] (Weiser, Idaho) 1890-1904, 1902-03-06
Cant Keep It Secret.

The splendid work of DR.. Kings
New Life Pills is daily coming to
light. No such grand remedy for
Liver and Bowel troubles was ever
known before. Thousands bless
them for curing Constipation, Sick
Headache, Biliousness, Jaundice and
Indigestion. Try them. 25c at
Davis Drug Co.
The Weiser signal. [volume] (Weiser, Idaho) 1890-1904, 1902-03-06
DISTRICT COURT.
Was In Session Tuesday and Wednes-
day, AdjOurning Until Next
Monday.
District Court Gases.

District Court Cases.
The calendar for the present term
of the district court is as follows:
CIVIL LAW CALENDAR.
Alexander Johnston ct ais v Jas.
Steel ct ais.
John w. Lane and wife V P. q l.
N. Ry.
D. E. Weston p & N Ry.
Ferdinand Westheimer & Son L.
L Daus and wife.
Edward Styles j. NJ. Snider,
admr Estate VIM. Choate.
S. G. Smith ct ais Lewis A
Hall
Otto Simon John and G.. w.
Hancock.
Mail c. Price Kate K. Price.
Oscar R. Hindman Julia A.
Hindman.
P. & l. N. Preston G.. Ander-
SO0.
Fred Hosac V Frank Flynn.
John Hancock G.. W. Hancock
and VT.
B. B. Day R. H. Martin.
A. M. Houlter Messena Billiard,
trustee.
Chas. Weams Warren Taylor,
ct al
Calvin R. White Samuel S. Coon
ct al.
Minnie F. Thompson Samuel H.
Thompson.
d. W. Smith Lille Miller Smith.
R. L. Angler v j. M. Snyder, ad-
minstrator.
State Bank of Idaho j. w.
Willingham.
Annie Passey William Passey.
Emma Thompson John T.
Thompson.
Alice e. Dedman Sidney A.
Dedman
Washington County j. N.Jones.
William Roth v j. N. Jones.
Mary A. Sanders Sanford D.
Sanford.
Lulu H. Lind Willard w. Lind.
Nelson G. Phillips Morton A.
Nelson
Henry E. Lansdon j, M. Snider
admr.
Elijah Monteith Hattie Monteith.
CIVIL TRIAL CALENDAR.
Smith & Alden George B. Dean.
R. H. Martin j. H. Bolan.
Granville Stuart A. M. Hotter.
Sadie A. Colson v Daniel S. Colson,
e NJ. Barton Payne and Wanna
maker.
B. B. Day William Justice.
H. M. Nave Il. &. Jones.
CRIMINAL CASES.
State Reese, grand larceny.
State Riggs, grand larceny.
State Irwin, statutory rape.
The Weiser signal. [volume] (Weiser, Idaho) 1890-1904, 1902-03-06

VIM. Henry Wallop purchased a
car OF cavalry horses here this week
paying an average price of s35.
The usual audience was out watch
ing the broncho-busters getting a
taste of high life while breaking the
animals to ride.
The Weiser signal. [volume] (Weiser, Idaho) 1890-1904, 1902-03-06

WANTED-SEVERAL PERSONS OF CHAR
acter and good reputation in each state Zone In
this county requlred) to represent and advertise
old established wealthy business house of solid
financial standing Salary $500 weekly with ex
penses additional all payable In cash each We'd
nesday direct from head Offices Horse and carriag
furnished, when necessary. References. Enclose
self-addressed stamped envelope Manager, 3le
Carton Building, Chicago.
Sducsee Your Bowels With Cascarsts.
Candy OathArtic, cure constipation forever
No, -. II G. O. Q. fail. druggists refund money.
The Weiser signal. [volume] (Weiser, Idaho) 1890-1904, 1902-03-06

We have just received 1000 bush
els of choice seed wheat which we
are selling to. farmers for 81 so per
hundred. IDAHO MILLING Go.
Chicago eagle. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1889-19??, 1902-02-01
RARITY OF GRAY QUEUES.
Hair Of Few Cinnamon Ever Shows
Their Age-Their BARRIERS.

Hair Of Few Cinnamon Ever shows
Their Age-Their BARRIERS.
~ saw Chnaman In Mott street
yesterday whose queue was getting
gray" said the man Of experience. II
considered those silver threads among
the black quite Il phenomenon, and In
my surprise at their appearance l
stopped the old fellow and asked him
how In the world he ever happened to
get them. He could understand only
very little English, however, ana speak
less, and as ! was equally deficient In
knowledge of the Chinese tongue we
didn't make much progress In the cx'
PLANTATION. Finally l went into Il bar
bcr's shop near by and sought to satisfy
my curiosity there. Somehow, l fan
cied the man must be IN OctOgenarlan
at the very least, but learned that he
was still in his prime and had, unlike
the majority of his cOuntrymen, turned
prematurely gray. This phase of the
matter COMPOUNDED me all the more. In
all my travels he was the first gray
headed Chinaman had ever seen, and
i iluu Lucl many VI '"'S hNiS 'i''s
in the far West
1T really is curious thing, when
YOU come to think of It, how rarely a
Chinaman shows his age, ut least so
| far as his hair Is concerned. ! have
seen many of them who had turned
slightly gray around the temples, but
| | had to wait till yesterday to find u
pigtall strcaked with white. The Mott
street barber assured me that this i'm
munity from gray hairs IL, in great
measure, due to the excellent care be
slowed upon celestial heads by native
shampoOers. seldom II Is that N
| American pNtrOnlzes Il Chinese barber
to test the beneilcent properties of his
| touch, but those who have so expert
| enced agree with the Chinese patrons
that he has way about him that put
| new life and vigor into a mans scalp
| This efIicaclous massaging, together
with Il certain oriental tonic will
| which the water Is perfumcd, consti
tutes the secrets of his trade and pre-
serves the locks of Chinese customer
in their pristine duskiness.
after | had parted from the gray
headed Chinaman," continued the man
according to the New York Times. ="
looked around the streets Of the colon.
for an hour or more on the lookout TO
Chicago eagle. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1889-19??, 1902-02-01
KILLED IN A BATHHOUSE.
A. De- an Cooper Victim OF Mysterious
Assault for Robbery.


Assault for Robbery.
a. Dean Cooper, the millionaire treas.
urer of the Graham Paper Company. died
at his home in st. Louis from injuries
received in mysterious assault in a
Turkish bath establishment In the Vista
block. 1t is believed that the motive
for the assault on Mr.. Cooper was rob.
berry. aud the police are proceeding in
the case upon that theory. William A.
Strothcrs. the colorcd attendant Mt the
bathhousc. Is under arrest on suspicion.
n diamond stud worth $1,000 and n
diamond ring valued ut $1,000. which had
been worn by Cooper. were found hidden
in the rafters IN the cellar. The police
also found ten.pound slcdgc hammer.
covered with blood. with which the vie.
Tins skull had been crushed. Mrs. Flor.
cncc Banks and Josie Houston. both coll
orcd. who called on Strothcrs n short time
before the assault. are held by the po-
lice. Sirothcrs declares that he Is limo.
cent. lie claims that two women and Il
man called to see Cooper and were will,
him in the cooking room" while he.
Strothcrs. was In the cellar attending to
the furnace. Upon his return. Strothers
says. he found Cooper unconscious and
the visitors gone.
Chicago eagle. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1889-19??, 1902-02-01
Happy Farmer and City Man.

llunDN EUfE1CF anu wy wan.
Oh, the happy. happy farmer, who lives
seven miles from town,
Has no furnace in the basement that
must now be shaken down.
lie doesn't have to hurry out to catch
the train aud then
Work behind Il desk and worry as the
slave of other men:
No superior beratN him for the small
mistakes he makes,
lie is not denied employment for some
little rule he breaks.
And he needn't, when he's weary from
the duties of the day.
Hurry to some distant station, lodging
footpads OH the way.
oh. the happy, happy farmer, he just
hustles out of bed
And goes. shivcring for the kindling,
which he chops out in the shed;
Then. while nav Is getting breakfast,
he runs out to milk the cows
And to pry the frozen hay up from dusty,
musty mows;
Oh, he milks away Mt Bossy and his
hands are cracked and sore,
But he thinks with kindly pity Of the
pale clerk in the store,
And he curries down the horses and, at
last. all hairy. goes
In to breakfast with the odor of the sta.
bic in his nose.
oh, the happy. happy farmer doesn't
have to pay cent
To a landlord who Is hcartlcss when he
comes to claim his rent:
The lucklcss clerk Is worried when some
p other man than he
Is promoted to a station where he knows
he ought to be,
And his wifc-his poor wife-nngs him
just because she cannot fly
To q perch beside some neighbor who IL
roosting rather high;
He must walk an aisle from morning till
they close the doors at night,
And goes home to find the water in the
laundry frozen tight.
Oh. the happy. happy farmer wades in
snow up to his knees
Out to where the wintry demons have
been ovcrturning trees.
And he chops and nearly freezes while
the mad winds howl away,
And the echoes of his mauling ring
among the trees all day:
The snow gets in his boot-tops and the
frost bites at his ears,
While the noises he produces are the
only sounds he hears,
And at night he thaws the pump loose
and goes out to do the chores.
Where the snow, in long. thin ridges,
filters through the stable doors.
oh. the happy. happy farmer. what a
careless life he leads!
Instead of always buying. he just raises
what he needs;
His neighbors don't ignore him IL he's not
as rich rs they
All he has to do IL work to keep the old
gray wolves away;
The coal man and the plumber never
crowd him to the wall.
He just keeps forever paying for farm
implements, that's all:
| And at night he needn't dress and blow
three dollars for the treat,
| or bcholding performance that's worth
fifty cents a seat
Chicago d-llcrad.
Chicago eagle. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1889-19??, 1902-02-01
News from All Parts Of the World
Carefully Selected from the
Press kilograms.
A Weekly Digest Of the Most Important
Facts and Happenings for Busy
Readers.

Tfs dead body VI II grocery clerk with
bullet hole through his heart. u bag Of
money and an empty revolver on the iloor
near the corpse. half.dozcn bullet holes
IN the woodwork and through the iron.
windows OF little grocery on the West
Side In Chicago; this is the mute cvi.
lcoce discovered OF an attempted hold.
up, a fierce resistance and murder. Ior.
zce Shrcde, Il years old. is the young
man who gave up his life protecting the
cash OF his employer. -. &. Burns. Get.
ting up before daylight. Shrodc who
lived above the store. went down TO open
'hc doors FOR the days business. The
young man lighted several gas burners.
liked the heating apparatus and evident.
y was about to put the cash in the draw.
"r ready to make change when he was
attacked. \ desperate h:ht rnSu"l. IN
which he drove thy roDi'r> "l. bat was
himself shot. and died before help reach.
f.I him
Chicago eagle. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1889-19??, 1902-02-01
WOES OF AN AMATEUR ICON.
Collected Fares Meckiy Enough, bu
Dog Was TOO Much.


Dog Was TOO Much.
Fifth avenue was bright with sun.
shine. The stage crcpt slowly up Muir
ray Hill In its own classic, cautious
way. A young man Of perhaps IS sum.
mcrs and one college year, wcll-dressed.
well-brcd. cheerful ana polite, had been
sitting next to the fare box and putting
In nickels for lady passengers all the
way from 10th street.
About 3Oth he gave up his place and
for several streets swayed by a strap,
standing as erect rs he could, the only
masculine hero among the ever-lncreas'
ing number OF feminine passengers,
making change and tinkling In the half
dimes with the courtesy OF youthful
Chesterfield. There was apparently
no possible room for even one more.
But the wheels stopped, and there
entered woman, respondent In paste
jewels ana carrying n white lapdOg
under one arm. The youth glanced to-
ward her, ready to offer to put her fare
In. but she did not see him. She was
fumbling In u multifOld chatelalne for
her purse. After awhile she extracted
coin and pulled Mt his coat.
Conductor" she said. Twill You
please take my fare!"
The cOllegian took 1t meekly and de-
posted 1t, while tho passengers began
to smile sympathetically. The smiles
decpened into a ripple Of laughter when
suddenly the fat lady leaned forward.
thrust her lapdog into the young gen-
| tleman's arms ana commanded
"Please hold my poodle Il minute for
me-"
1t was less than q minute that the
Obllging youth held that animal in his
astOnishcd embrace, says the New
York Mail and Express. The next cor
ner was 42d street, and, dropping the
poodle into the lap of its mistress. III
fled out into the sunshine and was sect.
making haste In the direction Of the
first train for New Haven.
Chicago eagle. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1889-19??, 1902-02-01
Overheard.


An anccdote from Short Stories sug'
gests how far Il bore may throw his
beams.
Two men, we may assume that one
was Frenchman, were riding together
one day through Paris. one was en-
ceedlngly clever while the other was
correspondlngly dull. AS Is sometimes
the case, the latter monopolized the
conversation, and his talk was fast he
coming uncomfortable when his compan'
ion saw a man on the street far ahead
yawning openly.
1t is not probable that the dullard
felt necdleprlck of wit, but his COM
panlon's evaporation must have found
momcntary relief,
Look" he exclaimed. 1--WE are over
heard
Chicago eagle. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1889-19??, 1902-02-01
SLAIN BY A BAFFLED LOVER.
Mother Of Young Women Who Re-
PEELED Sweetheart Found Dead.

4 murder in the fashionable region of
the village Of White Plains. y. u. full
Of pcrplexitics that mystiry the police and
so revolving as to arouse the entire com.
munity with Indignation, was disclosed
when the body of Mrs. James Allen was
found lying beside an old stone wall on
the eastern side of Cottage avenue. james
Allen, the husband, Is under arrest on
suspicion. Other arrests may follow. The
husband asserts he was out looking for
his wife nearly all night. as she did not
come home at $3.50 o'clock. her usual
time. He and his daughter. the latter
nearly ~. declare they have good reason
to believe that Mrs. Allen was murdered
10y an Italian who was cnamorcd of the
daudghtcr and who received no cncour.
"A ,,pi
Chicago eagle. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1889-19??, 1902-02-01
Deeerter Jumps from ship.

Norman +. Lambert % prisoner on the
rrrcivin. ship independence at Vallejo,
raL. awaiting trial on charge OF de-
srrtion from his ship On the Asiatic sta
lion. jumped overheard IN the night, cS-
Gaping in the darkness or sank. lis
home was IN Indiana.
Chicago eagle. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1889-19??, 1902-02-01
INDIANS Wilt FIGHT.

VIII Not Part with Long Locks and
Paint Without Struggle.
The Indians cncumprd at La Crosse,
Wis, state t!lat the red mrn " the North
west will resist with open bloody revolt,
il necessary the recent order of the In.
terror Department to cut off long hair
and discontinue wearing war paint and
gaudy ornaments. They say at the Black
River Falls agency there is the strongest
sort of feeling against the order. They
dispute the governments right to inter-
fcrc with what they consider sacred
rights, and although willing to wear pale
face" clothing, they want TO be allowed
to wear red paint. feather helmets and
long hair. They want TO hold death
dances and carry medicine skins and
wampum. In Dakota aud Montana,
Chcyne Black Earth says the Blackfoot
and Sioux tribes will shed blood more
quickly than Wisconsin tribes, il Mr..
Jones insists on the order.
Chicago eagle. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1889-19??, 1902-02-01
HiESEY NOT GUILTY.
Knights OF Pythias Decide that He
Didn't Steal Funds.

John \. liinsry. the former head of the
iu>pe,ncc department of the Knights of
i'ythias. has been acquitted of the
g'harvcs brought against him some time
lgc. a committee of five past chancrl.
'nrs voicing the verdict of acpuittal.
charges OF Acknowledgements and mSap'
rIupria,ion Of Insurance FUNDS were made
against him ~ a meeting of the supreme
iodg" in Chicago last July. something like
a 100000 shortage being limited NJ. Mr..
iinsey's defense was that the charges
grew out of malice.
Chicago eagle. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1889-19??, 1902-02-01
LAKE ERIE LEVEL FALLS.
Gradual Lowering Of Water In Last
Four Years 10 Recorded.

Gradual Lowering Of Water In Last
Four Years 10 Recorded.
According to a table arranged by Mai.
Thomas W. Symons. United States En-
ginccr Corps. the level of Lake Erie ut
Buffalo has been falling for the last four
years. The fall was gradual until 1000.
when it became greater than in proceed.
ing years. Maj. Symons has taken OBJ
scrvations at the south pier of the Unit.
ed States lighthouse slip. Among other
things he has found that the lowest wat
er in the period of navigation Is In the
spring and fall. when the harbor Is busi-
est. Maj Symons says the highest water
In four years was reached Nov. q. 1000
when the automatic gauge showed plus
GA feet. The lowest water was Dec. 4,
1893. aud March ~. 1901. when minus
A feet was reached That is reckoning
with the mean level of Lake Erie. 5i2.S0
feet above mean tide at New York.
Chicago eagle. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1889-19??, 1902-02-01
PRISONER is KILLED.
Negro Shot by Jailer While Three
Other Men Escape.

Prisoners in the county Jail ut Fort
Smith. Ark. ovcrpowcrcd the jailcr aud
as n result Jesse Jones. n negro charged
with forgery, is dead and the jailcr, y.
ID. Knapton. is injured. Harry Folsom.
Samuel Blain and Andy Rogers, charged
with grand larceny. escaped. knapton
was serving dinner to the men when
Jones seized him through the half-opcn
door and held him. leaving a clear way
for his ccllmatcs to escape. Only three
succeeded in doing so before Knapton
shot Jones in the breast. The negro died
an hour later in the city hospital. In the
fight with Jones Knapton's thumbs were
almost biiIcn off.
Chicago eagle. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1889-19??, 1902-02-01
Marines In 4 Plight.

The ten marines, members of Captain
David ID. Portcr's expedition, lost Oh the
Island Of Samar. have been rescued. But
hey are pitiful wrecks. Starving. poi
,HDcd 10y bramblcs, fcvcrish from drink.
IN; impure water. all deliriouS and some
insane, there j. srant hope that any of
them will ever fully recover from their
lnrriLlc CNporinnCps.
Chicago eagle. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1889-19??, 1902-02-01
GOLD STAMPEDE IN MONTANA.
Rich Finds In West Of State Are Caus-
Ing Much Excitement.

Rich gold hnds in the west end of the
Norwegian district about twenty-five
miles from Pony. Mont. have started Il
stampede to the scene of the discovery.
About thirty claims already have been
located aud the country Is swarmins
with prospcctors. Every piece of quart.
found pans gold and numberless very
rich pieces are found. II Is stated that
one man with q team and wagon can
make SO n day picking up the rock
found on the surface. The mother lode
is reported to have been found. and. II Is
said by mining men. will undoubtedly
lead to the development Of another rich
mine.
Chicago eagle. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1889-19??, 1902-02-01
100000 Fire In Mobile.

Fire in the wholesale business district
Of Mobile, Ala. destroyed property to the
value of 100000 and caused the death
of Richard H.. Nidmcr, leading society
man. and Bat Thomas. negro laborcr
from New Orleans. Mr.. NiImcr and
Thomas were assisting the hrcmcn in
subduing the flames, and were caught by
falling walls
Chicago eagle. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1889-19??, 1902-02-01
CORN BLOCKADE in KANSAS.

Thousands Of Cars Of Cereal Are
Tied Up In Railroad Yards.
\ corn blockade, with the grain com.
manding high prices and the great South.
western country buying from the North
and East. instead Of having corn for sale,
Is the anomalous condition that exists In
Kansas City. Grain men say there are
LOCO acres of corn on track there and the
railroad yards so full that 1t takes many
days to get corn started out of the city
after 1t has been ordered shipped. Most
OF the corn Is coming from Iowa and
northeastern Nebraska, but the Dakotas
and northern Illinois are contributing
| large supplies now.
Chicago eagle. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1889-19??, 1902-02-01
Kansas Woman Is Robbed.

Mrs. Angelina Anderson was bound
and gagged in broad daylight In her room
M Wichita, Kan. and robbed Of Sl,loO
worth of diamonds and $1,000 in money.
She went there few months ago and
married an ls.year.old livery stable boy,
who was taking care of her horse, and
Is now sending him to local college, The
woman is said to be from Racine, Wis.
Chicago eagle. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1889-19??, 1902-02-01
MURDER IN A CHURCH.
In a Fight over His Sister a Young
Man Is Shot In Ohio,

Joseph Cox shot and killed Howard
Radcliffe at church at Eagle Mills. Ohio.
Cox had been paying attention to Rat
cliife's sister and Ra,cliffc objected to
this. Cox took Miss liatcliifc to church,
and when Ratclifrc saw them together he
attacked Cox. who drew weapon and
fired, the ball passing through RatcIiffc's
body. The wounded man fell in the aisle
and died. Both men were school teach
crs. Rntclinfc married a sister of Cox.
Chicago eagle. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1889-19??, 1902-02-01
Admits He Is Valet Kern.

During the hearing in New Orleans OF
the case against Klein and West. charged
with robbing Il man who claimed to be
4. II. Manners, the last named took the
stand and confessed that he was Edounrd
Kern. Jr., the valet who stole $4,000
worth of jewery from the Thcbnud man.
sion in New York.
Chicago eagle. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1889-19??, 1902-02-01
IA, Portage suffers Fire Loss,

Fire NJ Rat Portage, Man. destroyed
The billiard House, l0o'room hotel: the
queens Hotel. all old landmarks Will
sons marine stores and Frank Garlner's
bntcher shop. The loss j. estimated 10
ID. over SlOOWDO
Chicago eagle. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1889-19??, 1902-02-01
Japanese Exposition in 1908.

The Worlds Fair at st, Louis will have
a little rival at Osaka in Japan in 1908.
The government Of the Mikado has just
issued invitations to foreign powers tC
participate in the imperial exposition, and
special building will be erected for this
nnrtiCmlar pmrpOse.