davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1902-04-12
POSTAGE STAMPS
How Uncle Sam Makes These
Useful Portraits.
DOES IT CHEAPLY, TOO
CHANGES IN THE LIST OF NoTA-
BLEs PICTURED.
One Years Series Would Girdle the
Globe Four Times
Incidents.
DOES IT CHEAPLY, TOO
Written for The Evening Star.

Written for The Evening Star.
For some time past Uncle Sam has been
busily engaged in preparing a new series
of postage stamps. OF late years the United
States has dropped into the fashion of
changing the designs of its mailing franks
more frequently than almost any nation
and gradually the first republic of the new
world has come to the proud position OF
possessing postage stamps that are more
artistic than those sent out from any other
country.
1t Is not easy to understand what an i'm
mense amount Of work is necessitated by
the advent of new styles in this postal cur
rency. What with the men who manufac-
ture the paper, the two or three thousand
men and women who assist in printing and
cumming the stamps the toilers who help
in transporting the new products of the
printing presses and the eighty thousand
postmasters and clerks who sell the stamps
to the public, it is estimated that fully 1OO,-
900 persons have hand in preparing for
a postage stamp Opening"
For upward of a decade the national gov
eminent has been printing its own postage
stampS-that Is, the work has been done at
the big institution at Washington known
as the bureau of printing and engraving,
which is a branch of the Treasury Depart
ment, and designed primarily for the print
ing OF national currency-but the gigantic
task may at any time revert to private in
dividuals or corporation if a disposition is
shown 10 do the work cheaper than the
government can do it.
Every year the Post Office Department
advertises for bids for furnishing the post
age stamps. and the Treasury Department
submits a proposition in exactly the same
manner as the other bidders, but the plant
of the big money factory at the national
capital is so perfectly equipped that the
manufacture of stamps can be carried on at
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1902-04-12
CUMMING STAMPS.

of germs or other evils would doubtless be
assured, could they realize the innumerabe
precautions surrounding the preparation
ana application of the sticky stuff most ia
mIliar to the American tongue. The gum
ming is done by an electrical machine, and
each sheet of stamps, after receiving the
baptism of muciiage, is carried by end
less chain operating like miniature NOV
ing SIDEWALK, through a long wooden tun-
mel. where the temperature is 100 degrees
Fahrenheit and from which the sheets
emerge with the mucilage perfectly dry
To meet the different conditions of the
seasons of the year the quality of the gum
Is changed quarterly. In winter soft gum
Is used, while IN summer a harder grade is
applied to the postage stamps, and 1t Is
highly important always to keep a sharp
watch on the mucilage to insure quality
least likely to cause the sheets to stick to-
sether by reason of the dampness in the
atmosphere. The mucilage is prepared in
accordance with time-honored formula
and Tor boiling the strange connection there
are installed in the basement of the bureau
of printing and engraving three giant ket-
ties, each of which will hold fully one hum
dred gallons.
II placed end to end, the stamps printed
Tor the use Of the American people each
year would girdle the globe nearly four
t1mes Under normal conditions between
ten million and twenty million stamps are
printed at the bureau of engraving and
printing during an ordinary working day
OF eight hours, but under stress Of unusual
"ASu Tue great print SuOp mas
been in operation night and day, an aver
age of more than forty million stamps has
been produced every twenty-fou hours In
asmuch as the average consumption Of
| stamps at the present time Is about fifteen
million day, the bureau can usually more
than keep pace with the transient demand,
but the law requires that there shall be
Kept on hand in the storage vaults at the
bureau one hundred million one-cent stamps
and twice as many Of the two-cent demon.
ination, and some care is required to see
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1902-04-12
JUDGES QUAINT SAYINGS.
Some Philosophical Comments Made
by a British Jurist. 4


From the Chicago Record Herald.
Judge Bacon, who presides in the London,
England. county court is one Of the wits
Of the British judiciary. He has to deal
with all races and all classes. and has be-
come famous for terse decisions and quaint
sayings. Here are some of the utterances
that he recently delivered from the bench:
On the veracity of woman-''women tell
stories so much more easily than men,"
Concerning interpreters-"People who
translate a language they do not under-
stand into one they know less"
When the evidence was CONTRADICTORY
There is nothing astonishing In perjury.
1t has long ceased to surprise me; 1t only
saddens me now"
About money Ienders-"My own impress
sion is that the lender is about as honest a 8
the borrower. AS a rule there is no misrep-
resentaton that man will not make when
he wishes to borrow money, and when he
does not want to pay it back he viii re-
peat the operation"
To a defendant who declared she "colldr' 4
stay there and listen TO such lies"-Think
OF me; ] have to listen to them every day
of my life"
A woman pleaded inability to pay debt
on account of Illness. -Four doctors had at
tended her-Judge Bacon: -Four doctorsI
And you have survived? WONDERFUL
Suggested by a solicitors undeciDhera ble
signature-''It must have taken him a good
zeal OF time and trouble to hit upon such C
signature as that, with dots and scrawls all
over the place. / suppose he considers H.
legfbility sign of intellect"
AT Nhltechapel county cosrt-''The NOR
ality of the Hebrew ought to be as high as
that of the Christian. 1t IS derived from
the same source, and the rabbits incuIcate a;
standard of just dealing of the purest and
highest character"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1902-04-12
Iron Mines in the Urals.
From the London Standard

The industrial development of Siberia
naturally depends largely upon the local
production of coal and iron but on the lat
ter product more especially, and the follow
ing data, collated from an official report
go to show that Russia's huge northern
provinces will not lack this all important
metal.
OF the numerous iron ore mines In the
Urals the richest are, first, the Komaroff
mine containing Loco, OOO. 900 tons of 90 per
cent brown hematite; second, the Magnit-
maya Cora mine, which has not yet been
fully explored, but 1t universally asknowl-
edged to be the largest mass Of magnetic
ever seen. The amount of ore It contains
must be reckoned as, at least, several mill
lions Of tons. And. third. not to mention
other rich mines in the southern Trails
there are the Bakali mines, which have
been explored In the portions belonging to
the government. and shown to Contain
about 100000 tons Of ore, and In the lots
belonging to the 6imsky works there are
100000 tons. while in the Elnitchi mines.
near Bakali, about Loco, 900 tons have been
discovered. 80 that It may be freely
taken that this group Of mines lying
to the south Of the Tchellabinsk- Uta branch
Of the great Siberian railway VIII yield
about ., 400. 600. 600 tons Of iron ore, To the
north Of the railway there are the visokaya
Cora, Mount Blagodat and sinarsky mines,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1902-04-12
A Song of the King.

Isabella R. Hess in the Jewish Messenger.
He stood in the palace courtyard, straight az q
As the golden glow Of the sunlight that shone on
| the marble there.
His head tossed proudly backward his owes with
| anger blazed,
One hand on his horses Bride and one with tho
| whip upraised.
with "a a look , q proud dsdainins, he at hls
An old and fear-struck beggar, bent to avoid the
| blow. ~
Burning with angry passion. the princes voice
beggars may not be?
Had a servant found thee. kneelng, here in my
Right sOrely would a hogging have made thes
rue the dayl
within should'st slip:
The guard shall his folly. and thou shalt taste
the whipl
Trembling and painting with terror, the old man
Yea: shike your blow" he murmured. What
Gone is the Kingdoms glory. If thou do this
Thou the prince of the peOplel Thou. the son Of
His whip still poised above him, the rage still In
The prince stood still a moment then stepped
him back pace.
One moment. and the anger within his eyes died
Across his face there Hickered CLEAN of sudden
Doubt
The whip fell from his fingers. the prince bowed
He raised upright the aged form. in humble ac-
cents said:
We'll may the kingdom tremble. when forget
and bring
Dishonor my knighthOod and my royal sire, the
king!
IT'S well that thou the humblest, to me this
lesson bring
dare not be ignoble-I the son of the kingi
Alas that be not worthy of this my royal
That on me should rest the future of a kingdom
rich and greatl
But liStI from this day forward will heed thu
lesson taught;
subject brought.
Take thou this golden token. Thou hast earned
the coin fun well.
Please God. for, this. my every year fairer tale
Long long ago the palace with age darkened
And long the prince and beggar have slept the
years away.
To the message cOmeth, still true and wOndrOus
clear,
And stronger grows and sweeter, year succeed
eth year.
greati
We dare not be unworthy of our royal, high ss-
tate.
No royal garb of purple is fair as strength and
No marble courtyard fsirer than the courtyard Of .
the truth
Guard. guard Ger word and action. lest ys forget
Dishonor on your knigbthood, your royal sire.
the Kingi
For know ye not your station? Then ask each liv.
ing thing,
And hear. I'VE are Gods children. the children d
the Kingl"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1902-04-12

. cost OF less than five cents a thousand.
and apparently the bank note companies
which formerly supplied stamps have con-
Guided that there would be no profit in the
transaction at such a price.
A Stamp Opening"
II IS in the Post Office Department that
the first step is taken looking TO the inau-
guration Of new series of stamps This is
the important work of passing, in a general
way, upon the designs of the new stamps,
and more particularly the selection of the
portraits which are to adorn them. 1t was
decided In the present instance that the
first postage stamp series of the new cen
tury should possess a distinctive element
OF novelty. and so the postal officials asked
the designers at the bureau of printing and
engraving not only to prepare new designs
for borders and employ new shades OF COL
or, but to make the new stamps of diff
ferent size and shape from the old, and
procure, II possible, new portraits for their
adornment. The proposal to indicate the
date OF issue by imprinting the words
Series 1902" marked another innovation,
and so also does the plan of placing be-
meath the portrait on each denomination the
name of the subject with the date Of birth
and death.
The new series of stamps, like each of its
predecessors, makes some changes in the
circle OF historical personages whose MEM
ory Is perpetuated in this popular picture
gallery and In the denominations OF the
stamps. -.
There is a new conner in the form of a
1S-cent stamp which will not often be en-
ployed for domestic use. 1t Is designed par
who wish to send registered letters abroad.
and this frank Of the supposedly unlucky
denomination bears the portrait of the late
Benjamin Harrison. who had not previ-
eusly had place in the postal department S
Useful collection of miniatures Commodore
Perry, whose face has adorned stamps con-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1902-04-12
A SMOKERS PARADISE
Good Cigars Are Very Cheap
in the Philippines.
c1eARErrH IS WELL
A VISIT TO ONE dF THE BIG
MANILA FACTORIES.
How the Crop is Raised and Prepared
for the Markets-A Profit
able Business.
Copyright, 1902, by Frank G. Carpenter.)

Copyright, 1902 by Frank G. Carpenter.)
Written for The Evening Star.
Take smoke with me this morning
while we look into one of the biggest indus
tries of the Philippine Islands We shall
suppose ourselves in Manila, and we need
not be afraid of leading others astray by
using the weed. This is no Sunday school
country. Here the men smoke like Chin
neys and the women go about with cigar
cites in their mouths. The boys begin to
puff nicotine before they can talk, and girls
of eight, ten and twelve pout for their
daily allowance of black cigarettes.
Look out there on the street! See the
girls riding by in that cart They are
smoking cigars! Those boys on their way
to school are putting away, and there on
the opposite side of the street is a child
playing marbles, with cigarette balanced
over each ear.
These F'ilipinos smoke everywhere. and
no one thinks of asking permission. They
pun between their courses at meals. Your
hostess offers you a smoke as soon as you
enter the house and if you invite her she
will proba bly,. join you. The priests smoke
on the streets, the ladies smoke in their
parlors and there is not a government Of
flee in which the clerks. both native and
Americans. do not smoke while at work
1t is the same in the banks, in the stores
and, in fact, everywhere.
The Cheapest Cigars of the World.
What kind of a cigar will you take?
Here is one wrapped in tin foil. That cigar
in the United States would sell for Is cents.
1t is the most expensive thing of the kind
in the islands, and it costs 81 per hundred,
or just cents apiece. Think of getting a
quarter cigar for less than nickel! That
is the price at which they sell here and
venture you can buy good smoke in Ma
Mia for less money than anywhere else in
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1902-04-12

Grande or other rivers in covered boats to
the seaports, whence they go by steamer to
Manila. The chief tobacco port of Luzon is
APART, at the mouth of the Rio Grande
river.
There are number of tobacco companies
here of large capital which handle both
leaf tobacco and cigars and cigarettes. The
business is about equally divided between
the Spaniards and Germans with the Span
iards in the lead. The several companies
have their branch houses in the Cagayan
valley. They send out agents, who buy of
the farmers and ship the crops to Manila.
Some of the companies are large, one hav-
ing a capital of sl5,O00,Oo0 gold. 1t en-
ploys altogether in the neighborhood of
10000 hands and has steamers of its own
to carry its tobacco from the plantations to
Manila 1t has great warehouses there
where the leaf is packed for shipment and
also cigar and cigarette factories. 1t an
nually produces about 100, 900 cigars and
about half a billion cigarettes, in addition
to some millions of pounds of cut tobacco.
Baling for Export
/ visited one of the warehouses of this
company and watched the process of sort
ing the tobacco and baling it for export
The packages are opened as soon as they
come in, and the leaves carefully sorted and
graded. being kept as far as possible in the
original bundles. After sorting they are
laid one on top of another in the shape of a
bale about four feet long and two feet
square. This bale is wrapped in mating
made of banana leaves and then pressed.
The pressing is done by a screw worked
on the principle of a letter press. The
screw is moved around by a score of Chi
nese, who push upon levers attached to a
wheel in which the screw is fastened
After the bale has been pressed to the de-
sired dimensions it is again bound with
strips of rattan and marked for shipment
to Europe.
The work of handling the tobacco is done
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1902-04-12

In that case there would be at once an
immense increase in the tobacco area
am told there are vast tracts of wild land
In the islands that might be used for to-
bacco raising. Much of this belongs to the
government, and it will probably soon be
offered for sale. Under the present condi-
lions there is no reason for alarm, for the
market for Philippine tobaccos Is already
fixed.
Where It All Goes.
The most Of the product now goes to Eu-
rope and the greater part to Spain. OF the
leaf exports In 1897 Europe took in round
numbers "a 600, 600 pounds; England. 5.OO0,-
600: Singapore and India, 973 600: China and
Japan. 274,O 600. and Australia, $500 pounds
We took cigars only, of which we imported
that year 100000 as against Europe's
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1902-04-12

in Washington, but so many ATTEMPTS were
made TO discover their secret process of
making raised letters on a soft steel sur
face by hand and machinery that they re-
moved their shop to an isolated point of
land jutting out into the Potomac river
near its mouth. For the stamps made in
this out of the way place the government
each year pays about S25 0OO
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1902-04-12

So per week, while the ordinary girl does
very well If she can make % cents day.
In other rooms of this factory the workers
more skillful, and the best of the cigars
are made by them.
The Philippine cigars are of six different
grades ranging from light brown to al
most black. The tobacco is not so heavy
as our American article. 1t contains less
nicotine and Is less stimulating. 1T COM
pares," says an old American smoker
with our leaf as beer does with whisky.
When the American wants a smoke he
wants something he can feel, and 1 doubt
if our people will ever care to use the mild
cigars of the Philippine Islands,
The best Philippine tobacco comes from
the Island Of Luzon and the very choicest
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1902-04-12

from the valley of the Rio Grande river in
the northeastern end of that island. The
Rio Grande river is a large stream, navi-
gable for small boats for many miles. Its
valley north and south is over 100 miles
long, with width of from five to twenty
miles. The river is subject to annual
floods, during which quantities of rich silt
are brought down from the mountains and
spread over the valley. This fertiizes it
as the Nile does Egypt and gives it a soil
which can be used for tobacco culture year
after year without other fertilization. There
are four large provinces in this valley, in
which little else than tobacco and Indian
corn are grown.
In addition to this territory there is
strip of land in northwestern LuZon which
has many plantations. The tobacco there is
not so good nor is it raised in such quanu-
ties. Many of the farmers are Igorrote In
dams There are also other small planta-
lions in the other islands of the archipel
ago. Panay raises quite good deal, and
portions are grown in Mindoro, Martinique
and Mindanao. Outside LuZon the most of
the crop is consumed at home, very little
being exported.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1902-04-12
The Wages Are Low.

The most OF the cigars are made by the
piece, the best Wow c -s,,g as much az
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1902-04-12
How the Tobacco is Grown

How the Tobacco is Grown.
The tobacco of the Philippines is grown in
small patches, although one of the Manila
tobacco companies has one plantation on
which are several thousand hands. The
average tobacco farm consists of but a few
acres, and it's owner produces but three or
four bales of tobacco year. The seed is
The Anderson intelligencer. [volume] (Anderson Court House, S.C.) 1860-1914, 1902-04-23
The Riqht Time to Rec,n.

1t was during trip to the Med
iterranean when Admiral Goldsbor-
ough was in command of the fleet
that the chaplain, a jealous young
man, preferred request to hold serv-
ices on board the flagship on Sun
day mornings. The first Sunday
after permission had been given the
young chaplain's trepidation gave
place to preme satisfaction when
he noted that with the exception Of
the admiral the officers and men of
the fleet were assembled In full
force. After waiting few mo-
ments for the admiral, who failed to
appear, the chaplain opened the
services in regulation manner: s1The
Lord is in his holy temple. Let all
the earth keep silence before him. "
AS the voice rang out in the open
ing words the admiral walked on
deck, and, though his face betoken-
ed a storm, he took his seat in 81
lence and so remained until the con-
gregation had been dismissed. Then
he rose and, striding over to the
chaplain, said, teYoung man, I want
you to understand in future that
the Lord is not in this holy temple
until I, Admiral Goldsborough, am
on deck"
The Anderson intelligencer. [volume] (Anderson Court House, S.C.) 1860-1914, 1902-04-23
Might succumb 70 Royalty.

Two women sitting opposite the
writer in an electric car pitched
their voices SO high that every word
of their conversation could be heard
by those sitting near them. Matri-
mony was evidently the subject Of
their conversation, for one Of them
said: i 35.
Sometimes / think that If ], was
single I wouldn't marry the Prince
O Wales hisself, am then ag'in I
dunno" s,} ;ss
Yes, that is 80, replied her COM
panion. ST feel just that way my
sell, an I have as good q husband as
the averidge too
$50 have THAT is, rs men run
nowadays. '-Lipp ppincott's 9 Magazine.
The Anderson intelligencer. [volume] (Anderson Court House, S.C.) 1860-1914, 1902-04-23

- II you would make fool Of n
man, applaud rather than praise him.
Nothing provokes a proud wo-
man like the pride of scmc other wo-
man.
; You are responsible for oplv one
tongue, SO let others say what thew
please.
An cpitaph is mixture Of tho
Wit OF the living and the virtues of
the dead.
- 1t is mighty mean husband
who never gives his wife chance to
complain.
When man acquires wife all
his bachelor friends look dubious and
interested.
The high premium on honesty
may be due to the fact that it is the
best policy.
ES- Some men live and learn and
some devote their time trying to for
get what little they know.
The Anderson intelligencer. [volume] (Anderson Court House, S.C.) 1860-1914, 1902-04-23
coIumbus' Idea Of the World.

Columbus believed the solid part
of the sphere to be larger than the
liquid part and the distance by the
sunset road between the East Indies
and western Europe to be less than
it is.
But in those two capital errors
lay the great incentive to the execu-
tion and success Of his purpose.
Had he known the vast planetary
spaces covered by the waters, the
continent interposed between his
own Europe and the land Of dla-
monds, gold and spices; the difficult
ty and peril Of the passage yet to be
braved in the far regions of the
antarctic pole in order to sail from
continental Europe to the. oriental
Indies by the western way, he would
perhaps have shrunl back in alarm
and dread. sg
The Anderson intelligencer. [volume] (Anderson Court House, S.C.) 1860-1914, 1902-04-23
Volta's Discoveries.

Volta, an Italian, made tho dis
covery that two or more different
metals are necessary in the produc-
ton Of electricity. He constructed
the Battery or pile of silver and
zinc, with several layers of noisten-
ed paper between them, and with
this simple experiment he produced
oil tho same effects of electricity
and currents as powerful as electric
ity produced by friction of glass and
sulphur or by amber. This IS the
origin of what was known as the
'voltaic pile" which was improved
by experimenting with other sub
stances and by Volta himself.
Instead of the two pieces Of metal
and moistened paper he placed met.
al ships in cups Of water and pro,
duced grand results. Very little i'm
provement has been made in tho vol
taic pile, and today it is little chang
ed from its first invention.