davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1902-07-16
For COugreAa.

For Cougress.
We are authorized TO announce WYATT
AIKEN m q candidate for Congress- from the
Third Congressional District, subject to the
Democratic primary election.
DIR. n. r. SMITH. OF Pickeus County. is
hereby announced aa q candidate for Congress
from the Third Congressional District. and In
pledged 10 abide the result OF tho Democratic
primary election.
l. IL. MCCALLA, of Abbeville Comfy, In
hereby ANNOUNCED o candidate for Congress
from the Third Congi essional District In the
Democratic primary. and Is pledged 10 abide
the result OF the same.
hereby announce my candidacy for Con-
gress from the Third Congressional District.
subject TO the result Of the Democratic Pri.
mary election. GEO. Z. PRINCE.
We are authorized TO announce Hon. WM.
N. GRAYDON ~ a candidate for Congress
from this Congressional District. subject 10
the Democratic Primary election.
We are authorized to announce wM.
STRlBLING M q candidate for Congress, sub
Ject to the Democratic primary.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1902-07-16
Wednesday, July l6, 1902.
A Gaplla n Int.

In our style OF climate. with sts suddeu
changes OF temperaiure.-rniu. Wind and sun
shinc of,cn iniermipgied In . single day 1T ID
no wonder that cur children. friends and rel.
auves are 10 frequently taken from us by
neglected colds, half the deaths resulting d..
rectly from this cause. 4 botSle OF Boschee's
German syrup KEEP. about your home for in.
media te use Will prevent serious sickness. y
large doctors bill. and perhaps death, by the
use Of three or four dosss. For curing Con.
sumption, HemoTrhages. Pneumonia. Severe
Cotsbs. Group. or any disease OF The Throat or
Lungs, iia success II simply wonderful, rs
your druggist will tell you. Get . sample bot
tie free IRON Speeds Drug store. Regular
sIze. IS cts. Get Green's SPecirl Almanac.
IA .H
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1902-07-16

lfyou want white lawns. india linens, or
white checked nainsooks, the place 10 buy
them 10 l.. W. Whites.
Have you seen those embroideries at
Whites? RI not, O treat In 10 arore for you.
Don'f m iss the opportunity Of seeing them ;
and You had better 90 At once, as the supply
10 diminIshipg very rapidly.
A new supply OF isces has Just BEEN receiv-
ed ut T.. w. Whit's. They are cheap, pretty
and attractive.
H.. w. White has sold more than seven hun
dred yards Of pin cord, white lawn thirty.
eight inches wide. Tho price In 10 cents n
yard. Only q small quautity - ien- This
goods ID suitable for waists and dresses. IL is
very desirable. Look at II, and you Will DC
sure to buy II.
Now II the time to make forage. Nothing
makes heller forage, nor more OF IL than
German Millet.
Buy your aeed from T.. w. white, and sow
while there ID u good season Ia ihs grohnu.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1902-07-16
Every Hoasekee

Knows that Il requires the hest flonr 10 oh
tain The best resuits In baking. 'Cliron'
fiour gives tho hest satisfaction because the
Quality OF "CiiflOn" is always the highest
The quality of "Ciinon" never varies ~ does
the quality 0f other fiours. The housek espe'
cannot depend nm y fiour that varies 10 quail
ity, bot you ean depend on 'Ciifion.'
10 ynu nave not used Clifton" have yorI
grocer s~nd you a trial sack. Your test will
prove saiiafnctory tn you m we'll M to us.
BRAHsroRD MILLS. Owensboro. Ky.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1902-07-16
COLLEGE OF CHARLESTON.
CHARLESTON, :. &.
Founded In 1855.

STRONG FACULTY; WEilcESo, WS, .ha.
ratories; Library OF IL 900 volumes the nnes'
Museum Of Natural History In the south.
Elective courses leading TO the degrees OF Us;
aB.S. and NJ. A. Board with furnished
room in College Dormitory can be obtained
for $40 month. Tuition. 50. One SchoiaL
ship giving free tuition ID assigned 10 ear
county ri South Cnrolina. the holder 10 oe
annointed by the Probate Judge and Inc
1npniy Superintepdert Total expenses Tor
Schoiarsbip Students. sil9 10 $50: All candi.
dates for adm ission are permitted To compete
for vacant B0yce Scholarships whicn pay
Entranoe Examinations will be held at Alb
beyiIle. ON Friday. July II, 1902. Next se.-
sion begins September =. For ca'n,o8ue'
President.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1902-07-16
llRslslOn's Locals.

IIRslNO0N = I10fHIa.
A new supply OF muslins nj CTS. at Had
dOn's.
White dotted swis NJ l2 \ and 10 cts. for 10.
diea' waists At Haddon'E.
Just arrived, India Linens and Persian
Lawns Tor mid. 50 ~ mer dresses nj liaddon'a
A full assortment black. blue, white ana
coIorrd Ducks for ladies SUI mmer SIX irts nj all
prices at HaddOn's.
A good assortment OF Covert Cloth Tor
skir,s nj HHddOns.
White lace Curtains nj all prices NJ iad'
dons.
new supply OF windnw Shades at all
prices at Haddon'R.
You can get some bargains In slippers NJ
Huddons.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1902-07-16
well Reeo q. % md cd.

We cali special attsn,ion to the high en-
do.ssment which the Democracy OF Marion
County gives TO Mr. W. Boyd Evans Tor r Il.
Commiss.oner. lie has tho highest endorse.
fnent Of bile home County, and comes highly
recommended TO The people Of the State.
Mr.. Evans Il Q man Of sterling worth and
GOOD business qualifications. and II elected,
would serve the people faithfully and well.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1902-07-16

We are authorized TO announce q. A.
DOUGLASS as candidate for County Treas
urer. subject 70 the Democratic primary.
We are authorized TO announce w. T.
BRA ADLEY a. q candidate for County Treas
urer. subject TO the Democratic primary.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1902-07-16

Come and Join the throng Of vell.plessed
buyers 10 be teen every day At the store OF L..
w. White.
Glass end pntiy at living prices. at NIL
<otd's Drug Store.
Prat,s Food ct Milsord's Drug Store. Phone
lO1.
Oar prices arc no amali they would tempt .
IN tser. Look at our hats and be convinced.
~, D. BaykSdAlo.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1902-07-16
For Coauiy Supervisor.

We are authorized TO announce DAVID
GILLIAN as q candidate Tor County Super
visor. sut ject 10 the Democratic Primary.
We are authorized TO announce q. N.
NICKLES a. candidate for reelection 10 the
ofiice OF County Supervisor. subject TO the
Democratic Primary election.
We are authorized TO announce GEORGE
g. WILSON % candidate for County Super.
visor, subject 10 the Democratic Primary.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1902-07-16
Confederate Sarvivors.

Tue su7vivieg Con federaie Vetarans OF the
different townships Of tho County viii NEE.
as their usual voting place on the Firss Satur
day In August. next, TO eject one delegate,
who " not q pensioner nor an applicant. to
represent said township In meeting 70 OF
held n the Court house the First Monday in
September. tor the purpose OF ciectinS Coun.
~ Board OF PENSIONERS.
]. y. Livingston,
Chairman County Board
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1902-07-16

We have Tissue Paper In 3 different coIofs.
The Speed Drug Co.
See our Candy. The stock IN the freshest
and incest In AbbeviIle. THE Speed Drug Co.
We are still In tie lead on paints. Try us
and see.-The speed Drag Co.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1902-07-16
For sheriff.

We are authorized TO Announce JAMES
II. CIEATHAM AN - candidate for Sheriff.
subject TO the Democratic primary.
We are authorized TO announce G. ]. LYON
m candidate for reelection IN Sheriff OF
Abbeville County. subject I'd the Democratic
primary.
We are authorized TO announce b. JASPER
MARTIN a candidate for Sheriff. subject 10
the action OF The Democratic primary.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1902-07-16
For Probate Judge.

We are authorized TO announce X. +. HILL
an candidate for reelection m Probate Judge
subject 10 the action Of the Democratic pri.
mary.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1902-07-16

LnsT-Lxst Thursday between Mr. n. p
DeBruhis and the Graded School, . small gold
cpain NECK iaeo and gold brace marked
aJanic." Finder viIi Be rewarded BY return
ing same 10 Amos B. Morse.
Hasrfs'u Carbonated Water and Ginger Ale
Miiford's Drug Store.
.July Bargaips-H uslins. white goods. per.
Gales, slippers, etc, at Haddons.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1902-07-16

Contracts will be awarded Tor hauiing brick
from NcMilisn's brick ,ard 10 the one. milo
post below the cotton mill. Put In your bid
nov, secure couirnct, and be ready for cash
work % soon N your crop 10 laid by. Apply
to ahe PrSSa and Banner once. 3l
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1902-07-16
n, Honor OF dol. U. Y. Gunser.

In Honor OF DOL. U. Y. Gunser.
Mr.. O. 4. waEeling entertained number OF
his arit nds last Wednesday night nj "siag
party" In honor OF his guest, Col. U.
0untcr.
Mr. Waksiins 10 Q charming host, and the
event was thoroughly enjoyed By all present.
Col. Gupter 10 q candidate for Attorney
General, and made many friends during his
short stay hero last week.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1902-07-16

We are authorized 10 announce Maj. +. W.
Il. NANCE as candidate, on sound Demo
cratic principles, for the State Senate. subject
10 the action OF the Democratic primaries.
J. r. BLAKE, JR. ia announced ~ can.
didaie for the State Senate. subject TO the ac
lion OF the Democratic Primary.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1902-07-16
Yar C,onnlx Autlitor.

We are authorized 10 announce X. 4. con
AZ u candidate for reelection TO the office OF
County Auditor. subject 10 the Democratic
primary.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1902-07-16

Nov 10 the time 10 give your order for coal.
Price advancing rapidly. ! sell only the hest
Gail zee me st once u you don'i want trOubls
Ihin fall. Amos b. Morso.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1902-07-16
WanseSl.

machinery. Any kind OF fre wrecks or stocks.
Write Tor particulars. Addreaa,
J. b. Gsrfuuxel, Columbia, b. Z.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1902-07-16
Goe1ee.

For the benefit OF fthose who cannot get 10
the pnat once before six o'clock. ] viii open
the once every evening. except SUNDAY, nj
hobert =. Link, r. NJ.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1902-07-16

Our regular goods q. regular prices constl.
tule better values than especial bargains"
elsewhere. w. ID. Barksdale.
Speeds Corgh Syrup is guaranteed. Try
bottle. The Speed Drug Co.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1902-07-16

The Place 10 Got siiver-Wase Chsap.
am In position to take special ordrrs for
anything io silverSnrc. My casaloyuea arr
open al AL times and viii take great pleas
uie In sboving any one through, Who me,
desire snythinK 10 this line. All goods gaai-
nnIeed. Very Respectfully,
T. q. White.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1902-07-16
AbbeYlle Hardware Co.
CANDIDATES.

NorE.-The Press and Banner would bc
glad 10 publiah short sketches OF The different
candidates. II they will have some friend 70
iurnish the facts We will give them TO the
public.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1902-07-16
Card.

1 sincerely thank my friends over the
county for the encouragement given me 10
my short rare tor couniy Superintendent OF
Education. Is is the anibihop OF msnkiod
To do Tho best possible ior themselves. 20 ioi
this reason ] withdraw my name from The
rase 70 accept another 2iscs.
]. +. McDAvtn.
Able lie, 3. e. July Is lS02
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1902-07-16
E. F. G1lLIARD,
=. TAILOR ..

III stairs In Kuox's Hall. and 10 now pre-
pa red 10 do oil kinds OF repairing and clean
{ns OF aentlemen's clothes on short nollce.
samples OF suits always on hand. ChsfRe
reasonable
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1902-07-16

I nou have the agency tor the Gates Steam
Laundry, Grecnviiie. y. e. 10 you would like
20 have them. do Jour work give me your
laundry. J. W. Mckee, Jr.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1902-07-16
New Phones.

VIM. =. Greene, residence. In.
A. II. Barnett, store. l6.
John Mckee, store, l:9.
=. IL. Sellers, residence.7.
ST. Eakin. residence. 4.
John White, residence, lB.
Electric Light and Power Co.. I'D.
MT. CARMEL LINE.
Mt carmel. 1872. 2 ringa.
Jos. Thornton. l32. rings.
Misses Onie and Lucy Gilbert, Ec', rings.
Dr. Sherard, I32, 5 Tinga.
MsIor Arthur Parker. ls2. rings
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1902-07-16
Yer Ruperintepaeps of Edaeation.

For Superintendeps Of Edaeatiou.
We arc authorized 10 announce J. 8. GILBERT
q candidate for reelection for County Super
Intendsnt OF Education. subject TO the Demo.
cratic primary.
We are authorized 10 announce FRANK e.
DUPRE a. q candidate for County Superin-
tendeni oil Education. subject 10 the Demo.
cratic Primary.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1902-07-16

Rev. y. Y. Presaly will coeduct religious
services In the Associate Reformed church
next Sunday. All are cordially Invited.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1902-07-16

q. Z Dusepbsrry has good milk eow for
saie. Apply 10 w. A. Nlckies,
Wilder Block.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1902-07-16
For sale.

Sto 9:l5 Q. N. 10 10 1910 q. m. Il m 10 LIS
Robt. Il. Link. p. n.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1902-07-16
State of South Carolina,
COUNTY OF ARBEvILLE.
Ry the County Board Of Education
PETITION.

PETITION.
To the Honorable Board OF Education for the
County OF Abbeville:
We. the undersigned. being one.third OF the
landholders and legal voter% OF School Dis
trict No. d do respectfully petition your Hon
orable Board OF Education TO order an cleo
ton to be held tha: II may be determined
whether or not . special levy OF three mils
tax shall be made.
w. A. Callahan.
F. E. Ellis,
]. W. CIinkscaies.
NJ. 8. Ashley.
Andy Cliukscales,
J.P. Pratt,
Il. H. Armstrong,
H. Clinkscales,
H. Callahan.
w. A. Mcwhorter.
Jno. T. Bryant.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1902-07-16
ORDER OF THE BOARD.

The Requirements Of the Law in Regard to
Lsvying an Additional Tax for School
Purposes Having Been Complied with BY
the Proper Parties In School District
Ho. 90,
1T Is HEREBY ORDERED. THAT AN
election be held at tho usual voting place 10
said District on Saturday. the 96th day Of
July. lsO9. for the purpose OF determining
whether m additional levy Of three mills win
DO mads for school purposes; that the trustees
OF the said D&irict act as managers OF the
election.
Managers OF election must report result oi
election within three days afler the election
]. 8. GILBERT,
Chairman.
]. FRASER LYON,
X. +. GILLIAN,
Board OF Examiners.
July 8. 1907. 81
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1902-07-16

ssnday Hssrs ~ the Absesiile Post
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1902-08-07
DEWEY KILLED A FEW MEN,"
Baltimore SUM-

lbalumore SUM-
Admirai George Dewey, wac, on the
service sustained MS reputation
morning OF May 2, 1898. cabled to the
navy Department mat i nave met the
enemy ana sunk the following ships
giving a list OF spanish vessels he mad
dlsquslhed Tor any immediate service,
sustained his reputation for directness
as witness Deiore the senate Phlilp-
pine Committee. II II ever were known
the fact seems to nave been forgotten
that the Admiral had arranged for the
surrender OF the city OF Manila, about
the time the spanish ships were sunk.
me Governor General OF the city re-
allZed MS doom was sealed, put Win
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1902-08-07
LOCAL GOVERNMENT
OPPONENTS.

Among the so.called opponents OF
municipal government in the Republic
an party has developed an element
who call themselves in opposition to
the county and municipal plan because
OF their belief that the question should
be submitted to a vote of the people in
the several Island districts. How
these men can properly class them
selves as opponents to the local gov.
eminent sentiment in the party Is diff
fcult to understand. Their attitude
has more the appearance OF misun'
derstanding of the plans and motives
OF municipal government advocates.
With the exception OF the Home Rul'
ers, the Bulletin has yet to find any
sensible citizens Of the community
who endorse a program which forces
local self.government upon any dis.
trict or town of the Islands, willy or
nilly". The right of local option must
necessarily be part and parcel of the
local government program from the
outset. For the Legislature to outline
a plan which must perforce be follow.
ed by each individual Island district
would be an arbitrary act which could
not receive a general endorsement
from any party or faction with honest
motives. Such a course would indeed
defeat the true intent and purpose OF
the whole municipal idea.
What is wanted from the Legislature
is the charter which will authorize the
people to go forward, a framework
which they may adopt. To compare
our present condition with the Main.
land, the Legislature should properly
occupy the position of a charter com.
mission whose product may be studied
by the people and voted upon. We
have an organized government and the
demand for undertaking Or reorganiz'
ing on a more progressive and compe'
tent basis is not to be questioned. To
satisfy this demand the Legislature
must act; it must establish metes and
bounds. provide for necessary officials
create the machinery of government
II then remains for the people to say
whether they will put this machinery
In motion.
Let It not be supposed that the hon
est advocates of county and municipal
= government are prepared to accept
any municipal or county law which
any Legislature may frame. American
forces in this Territory have by nc
means lost their reason nor are they
ready to stand for any incompetent
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1902-08-07
BOLSTER NOT TIE MAN.

Editor Evening Bulletin:--I do not
want to answer Mr.. A. ID. Bolster's
communication in yesterdays paper as
he has nothing to do with the troubla
between Mr.. Kaulukou and myself. un-
less he admits that he is one Of the dis
turbers in our party, as stfi the other
day that Mr.. Kaulukou was urged by
disturbers in our party.
Mr.. Kaulukou is the proper one to
answer my communication.
think Mr.. A. ID. Bolster is disturb
er in the Republican party. who
else? ENOCH JOHNSON
Honolulu, Aug. Z, 1902.
- - -
Whether the convention succeeded IN
this, only the actual test can deter
mine.
The extraordinary thing about the
matter is that the convention refused to
submit the new constitution to vote
of the people. Instead OF doing this,
the convention formally promulgated
the organic law II had modelled. doclar-
ing II to be OF full force and effect.
There never has been case before this
in which a convention was elected TO
revise a constitution and then to sui
NIT II to the people for ratification, in
which the latter was ignored. Wheth-
er, under the circumstances, The con-
stitution is binding is a grave question.
Jupdge Cooley. deemed the highest
authority on constitutional law, says:
No body Of representatives. unless
specially clothed with power for that
purpose by the people when choosing
them, can rightfully take definite ac-
ton upon amendments and revisions I;
they must submit the results OF their
deliberations to the people-who alone
are competent to exercise the powers
of sovereignty in framing the funda-
mental law-for ratification or rejec-
ton.
At any rate. the Democrats Of Vir-
ginia cannot raise a howl about our
governing the Philippines without the
consent of the governed" They have
imposed form Of government on their
State without the consent of the people
and against the wishes OF large num-
Der.
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1902-08-07
MUNICIPAL OWNERSHIP SAMPLES
New York Commercially

At the time of the municipal cleo
ton In Kansas City last spring b"th
parties in the contest indorsed pubiir
ownership and operation OF public uti''
ities-for II was thought at that time
that popular sentiment was prepondcf
ously in favor of the theory. still, or
Tuesday last, when another popular
vote was taken on a direct proposition
to issue bonds for the construction OF
municipal lighting plant, there was
substantial majority against 1t.
In all probability, Kansas City las
acted wisely in this instance. She has
had some experience in granting Saf
and electric charters-and has obvious
~ profited by 1t. Once her municipal
bodies so tied up gas corporation
with charter obligations that when II
began TO lose money through sharp
competition Il couldn't lawfully sell
out its plants and business to It's COM
petitor, or raise the price OF gas to
self-susta'ning point. And 1t TOOK
months of agitation to bring the mt
uicipal authorities to full compro'
hension of the fact that they were
driving the company into bankruptcy
unnecessarily. Then they revised the
charter so that the cheap-gas capital
lists might turn over their bad invest
ment to their more prosperous com
petitors--and quit the game. Presum'
ably, the existing lighting companies
are amply equipped to do the business
efficiently, cheaply and profitabiy--'
and the people don't care to run In
debt In order To test theory.
ut is easy" remarks the Philadel'
phia Press, ito sit down and figure out
a large saving to a city or village by
the ownership of one or more pubic
utilities. but when 1t comes to actual
practice most of these deductions arc
found to be misleading. There Is a
disposition also TO take the results
achieved in one instance as OF general
application"
The village of Madisoni N. j., for in
stance has made a success OF owning
and operating a water and light PLAN
for twelve years past. But that FACT
has practically no bearing on the ques
ton of whether Kansas City or kala
mazoo would make success or faN
ure of the thing. There Is just a'
much difference in municipalities as II
men. One fails where another su2
ceeds. A strong point in Madison
favor Is the continued non.partisap
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1902-08-07

Every detail OF a political campaign
can be classed as important. but the
work the District Committees have be-
fore them tomorrow stands well up in
the degrees. District Committee Off.
GERS. particularly the chairman, can
make or mar the work of the party.
AS the directing power of his district
the chairman to all intents and pur
poses has the fate of legislative candi.
dates in the hollow OF his hand. The
chairmen to be named tomorrow for
the districts OF this Island should, first
OF ALL be men of known executive abil.
ity, and thoroughly acquainted with
the voting population, party strong
holds and the weak points as well.
They should be men who have the con.
fidence OF the rank and file and capable
of building up a strong enthusiastic
unity among the committeeman and
their lieutenants.