davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1902-08-02
SEPARATORS
ARE OF LITTLE VALUE.

From government bulletin we take
the following: Everything claimed for
the hydraulic separator can be equal
ly we'll done in shot gun can, and if
water below 40 degrees F., or ice can
be obtained to bring tie temperature
down to 40 degrees F., the thorough
ness of separation will be far super
ior to separation by any hydraulic
separator. The only case where there
is an advantage in using the method
is in milk from COWS far advanced in
lactation, and then the efficiency Of
the process is about equal to deep set
ting in ice. This method is no more
efficient than the old-fashioned shall
low pan setting, with the disadvantage
of greatly increasing the volume of
skim milk to be handled, and, in case
hot water is used, as is sometimes ad-
vised, there is the added inconvenience
of the rapid souring of the milk If
any dairyman wishes to try the method
there is no patent to prevent him
using the process to his hearts con-
tent.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1902-08-02
SHOULD BE LIMIT TO
THE WATER IN BUTTER.

Abroad the question of water in but
ter appears to be quite a serious one
The foreign butter sellers or butter
makers have been quite successful in
working into butter an abnormal guam
tity of water. Again and again cases
have been brought into English and
Irish courts, where the butter con-
tanned in excess of 20 per cent Of
water. In few instances the water
content has been in excess of 30 per
cent. Doubtless parallel cases have
been discovered in German courts.
Anyway the German government has
now established a rule that all pure
butter must contain at least 80 per
cent of butter fat. Henceforth the ag-
gregate of salt, water and casein in
butter cannot exceed 20 per cent of
it's weight. In England a law is about
to be put in force requiring butter to
contain not in excess of 16 per cent
OF water. The people that ship but
ter to England and Germany must
take cognizance OF these facts, else
they may find some Of their consign-
ments of butter tied up under the GUS
tody Of officials delegated to look after
the enforcement Of this law. =.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1902-08-02
MOTH TRAPS OF LITTLE
VALUE FOR ORCHARDS.

Prof. J. M. Stedman, Entomologlst,
Missouri: I pronounce, as all other
competent entomologists do, that all
and any trap lanterns of whatever pat
tern using lights as the attractive
agent, are humbugs when used IN
orchards and do more harm than good,
on account of the ichneumon flies
(stinging fly or wasp-l1ke insect they
catch. I had five trap lanterns Zone OF
them being Hazeltine's Moth Catcher)
in an orchard that was badly infested
with the codling moth, and kept them
going for 100 consecutive nights, be-
ginning when the trees bloomed. AS
a result of all this I caught only two
codling moths. Is it not little strange
that those that are not entomologists
catch these codling moths, while en-
tomologists all fail? The trouble lies
in the mistaken identity of the cod
ling moth, since there are great
number of similar looking but harm
less moths that are caught by these
traps. These traps will not catch
except now and then one by mere &C.
cident-the following common injuri-
GUS insects, which the advocates of
the moth ,catchers claim are caught:
The codling moth, Colorado potato
beetle, plum curculio, gougers. fiat and
round headed apple tree borers, peach
tree borers, tomato worm moth,
squash bugs, canker worm moth, cab
bage butterfly, bud-worm moth, grape
vine moth, currant moth, slug moth,
strawberry root borer.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1902-08-02
MATERIALS FOR COMPOST
NOW GOING TO WASTE.

1t would naturally be thought that
the day had gone by when any farm
er would burn up straw and other
like material to get rid Of it. That
the practice is still with us is doubt
less a fact, though we believe that
every year the number of farmers
that thus dispose of surplus material
decreases. Certainly this year there
are very few farmers that have any
kind of fodder beyond their needs
Where a farmer has barnyard and
surplus straw stack there is no rea-
son why the two cannot be brought
together, providing always that the
straw cannot be fed out. We have
heard this winter OF a barnyard in an
exceedingly filthy condition, while
just outside of the yard was a pile
of such material going to waste in
the elements. It would have been
small matter to throw the forage over
the fence and turn it over to the
tramping of cattle. The straw and
the manure would have been soon
mixed. In few months that same
straw would be humus and ready to
go onto the land. If muck be also
obtainable so much the better.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1902-08-02
IDEALS IN STOCK RAISING
NECESSARY TO SUCCESS

Professor Andrew M. Soule: On q
great M: farms the owners imagine
they have choice specimens of stock
when they are working with a hone
lessly Indifferent class. Without ideals
stock-raising cannot be made q suc-
cess, and this is one reason WHY it has
not often been more successfully MIR.
sued in the South. A, the Tennessee
experiment Station certain animals
fed for beef gained 2111 pounds per day.
while others under the same conditions
gained only IL pounds. Some ami
mails consumed almost twice as much
food as others for a given gain The
best animals only dressed 50 per cent
OF valuable meat, and the average
only 551s per cent. Moderately good
animals crossed with an improved
strain of stock Should dress at least
60 per cent. Figuring loss of 5 per
cent on the slaughter test, with the
number OF beef cattle in the state of
Tennessee the enormous total of 90.
o7S,o70 pounds Of loss in slaughterine
is indicated, representing money
value to the farmer of $6O3, 166. 10. The
influence Of blood, breeding, conforma-
ton, etc., is well illustrated by the
fact that certain steers fed in an ex-
pertinent at the same station gained
only As to 48 pounds in sixty DAYS
while others under practically the
same conditions gained from 1925 TO
$50 pounds in the came length of time
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1902-08-02
WHY FARMERS SHOULD
STAY ON THE FARM.

1t is for the interest of the general
farming community that the owners
of farms continue to reside on them.
The mania for moving to town and
rusting out what remains of life is
very destructive to good farms and
good farming methods. This policy
seems to be Of comparatively recent
birth in the United States, and we
hope it will have it's run quickly. We
have heard great deal about how to
keep the boy on the farm, but we wish
some one would tell US how to keep
the old man on the farm. When a
good farmer quits farming and moves
out of community Of good farmers
he lnfllcts a great injury on that To-
cality. He makes life less endurable
to those that are left. A locality given
up to tenant farming can hardly be a
prosperous one. Every farm is thence
forth compelled to carry double. Let
the old men remain on the farms and
improve them till their homesteads
are illustrious examples of what good
farming can accomplish. Shall the
farms be allowed to go to decay? Ten
ant farming will help to run them
down. The eyes of the owners are
needed to keep them up.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1902-08-02
BEN DAVIS APPLES ARE
GROWING in POPULARITY.

In the cities we hear no more COM
plant about the lack of flavor Of Ben
Davis. It has been about the only ap
pie the common people could get hold
of this past winter, and it has i'm
proved on acquaintance. 1t has been
retailing in the Chicago groceries at
65 cents per peck nearly all winter,
and now is quoted at 80 cents per
peck. In a good many stores the
buyer has had his pick Of Ben Davis
under three different names: Ben
Davis, Gano and New York Pippin.
The people-the buyers and eaters
are finding fault only with the price
they have to pay for Ben Davis. Never.
:theless, we expect that at the horticul.
tural meetings that are coming we
shall hear all kinds of bad things said
about Ben Davis, and that the person
that buys it never buys it second
time. We know better now. The Ben
Davis is a wonderful apple because
it is with us when no other apple is
obtainable. It makes money for the
apple grower and it saves money to
the apple buyer: Let us. have more Of
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1902-08-02
TOO MUCH IRRIGATION
HURTS WESTERN LANDS.

Word comes from the West that
some farmers are running their lands
by over-irrigating them. The land
should be given the water it needs and
no more. That applies to the humid
as we'll as to the arid states: The
constant downward movement of wa
ter teaches the fertility out of the up
per soil where it is available and car
ries it into portion Of the soil where
it is not available. In years of moder-
ate rain the fertility works toward the
surface of the soil, while in years of
heavy rain it works away from the
surface. If too much water is applied
in irrigation great deal Of the fer.
tility is carried to subterranean chan.
nels or to surface streams: If just
enough water is used there is little
surplus to drain away and most of the
fertility carried down into the sub
stratas is subsequently brought back.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1902-08-02
COST OF THING LAND
OF DIFFERENT SOILS.

The cost Of thing land cannot be
stated off-hand with any approach to
accuracy. NO two farms are alike in
conformation, if the land be at all
rolling. The cost of outlet may some
times be very great, while in other
cases it is small. If a man has a
small brook into which his drains can
empty the matter of outlet is solved.
But If he can drain only onto his
neighbours land, he may find it ex-
pensive making an arrangement TO
carry off his drainage waters. This
will be especially SO if his neighbours
land is to reap no benefit from the
drainage. The cost Of 4-inch tile IS
IN the neighborhood of $3.50 per 100
feet. The cost Of thing an acre will
depend on the character of the soil.
II the latter be sandy and have fair
slope the drains can be put far apart,
perhaps every 100 feet. The cost If
tile for an acre in that case will be
ABOUT $500. To this must be added
the cost of digging and laying, which
would be another $500. This would,
with incidentals, foot up to perhaps
Sl5 per acre. In case the land be
heaVy clay and with slight slope the
drains would need to be placed every
Two rods, which would increase the
cost to about S45 per acre. These
hSures presume that the materials
and labor are obtained at fair prices.
10 this must be added such items as
cost of gratings at outlets and dig
glng OF extra bitches after the outlet
IS reached to give freedom of outflow
to the water.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1902-08-02
}|1SQkII|l9|jsI5asbe .
: E..s.e.o : 1..2>J
PROBLEMS FACED BY -.
= WISCONSIN, DAIRYMEN.

From Farmers Review: The ex-
IRENE and long continued drouth of
last summer presented some new con-
ditions and problems to be solved be-
fore we can be sure of making farm
ing remunerative, when such condi-
lions prevail. Opportune fall rains
produced a fine growth of late pas
turage, which, with the exceedingly
mild winter helped the farmers to car
ry most Of their stock through in fair
shape. All surplus stock was sold
early in the season. Prices were low,
out feed was very high, so high, in
fact, that those who kept their choice
COWS and fed for milk found their per-
centage Of profit on the wrong side
this winter. Spring is with us again,
however, and the weather has been
remarkable for pushing all farm work.
We have an abundance of moisture,
pastures are coming on in fine shape,
and farmers are hopeful of a bounti-
Iul harvest. ~ The principal
crops grown here in central southern
wisconsin are corn, oats and hay. AS
all of our clover was winter killed
and all of our tame grasses seriously
damaged by drouth and winter-kill-
Ing, we are increasing our forage
crops to supply the lack of hay. l
have lived in Wisconsin more than
forty years and I cannot remember
that in this locality we ever had to
import hay, corn or oats to supply
our farm deficiencies. We usually use
large quantities of bran and middlings
and commonly have farm produce to
sell to- pay for them, but it was all the
other way the past year. The
silo has not c4,me into general use
here. A few have them, but most of
the farmers seem to favor the corn
husker and shredder and use the corn
crop that way. In the county of Jef-
ferson near Lake Mills, most of the
farmers use them with good results.
The silo properly constructed and in
diligently operated is essential to sue
cessful dairying.-C. l.. Thompson.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1902-08-02
CREAMERY SLOP GOOD
FOR lRRlGATlNG LAND.

In an exchange creamery man tells
how last year he used the waste water
from his creamery to irrigate a gar
den of fruits and flowers. He saws he
built little dams and SO distributed his
waste water, using cross burrows. He
used only enough water each day, to:
permit of its being absorbed by, the
ground or evaporated by the sun and
air. He claims to have reaped rich
rewards in fruit, vegetables and flow
ers. The creamery waste contains
doubtless much plant food and we can
see that it would naturally produce
L beneficial conditions among the grow
nung plants. But the great advantage
= doubtless was In getting rid of the
oinking drain as public nuisance. Il
Up foul smells Of such ~ drain can be
-- 5nged into the perfume pf flowers.
matter is worthy the \onsidera-
# Of every creamery man. !
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1902-08-02
a . :. $ 50 - 3.
[AGRICUj,!L!:I:!U:R
d1s:ak,,<sss,!s: 81 kiksz1xn
=.
- - ~
STEAM DREDGEs USED *. L.
IN DRAINING LANDS.

In several parts of the West new
lands are being opened up by the, use
OF steam ,dredges, such as are en-
ployed to deepen rivers. For a year
or more some Of the richest lands IN
Missouri have been the scene OF such
operations. In some cases the dredges
have been able to work forward in
nearly straight lines for miles, throw
ing the dirt up on each side OF them,
and leaving broad water way IN
which the scow that bears the dredg-
ing machinery floats freely. 1t is
preparing land for drainage on gi'
gantic scale. The bitches being both
broad and deep draw off the water
from broad sections, and also act as
main ditch into which to run lat
erals. This land has been almost or
quite worthless. BY this means It
will in a few years become of great
value. The floating dredge is mostly
used and the operations begin at tho
source of the ditch, so that the water
may accumulate in the ditch and float
~A0 SSo"' 1u0 61cdtooL PAooA0AAo oA
faced when such marsh lands are
overgrown with timber of large di-
mensions. In this case the timber
must not only be cut off, but the
stumps must be cleared away. In
many cases, however, it is practicable
to run the ditch in a way to avoid
the clumps Of heavy trees. We hear
of like work being done in Indiana
and other states in which are consid-
cradle areas of marsh land.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1902-08-02
GOATS in PORTO RICO /. ] } @.= ..9z.;. s
49, <>s PAY GOOD DIVIDENDS.
MISTAKES MADE BY
BREEDERS OF CATTLE.

( There are some skeep on the island
but these need considerable care and
do not thrive in the warm climate Of:
Porto Rico on account of their heavy
wool. Goats, however, are found to
be excellent substitutes. Their meat
is OF q delicious flavor, they give an
almost incredible amount of rich,
sweet milk and it does not cost much
to raise them. a young goat prop
erly roasted, is fully as nice as the
latest lamb and many Americans in
Porto Rico prefer the goat meat "A
nanny is worth 81 to 50 and it is
true that they thrive on the proverbial
J; It tin can. Porto Rico Agriculture
Journal. .5sss 81 S%5 3
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1902-08-02
THE PROPER WAY TO
HEAD APPLE TREES.

We notice that in modern orchards
there is a great tendency to head the
apple trees low. This is certainly a
great advantage over the old way,
where the tree tops were put up as
high as. possible, necessitatirg long
ladders IN harvesting and making it
impossible to get at some Of the fruit
Such trees, where still existing, offer
obstacles to both the harvester and
the sprayer. + In the latter operation
a low-headed tree is more thoroughly
treated than q high-hease d tree, can
be. y The tops can be low and vet
enough room can be left under the low
er branches to DO the ordinary work
that the trees require III the way OF
Cultivation. This mean should be
sought. We must do much 81 our
work with horses and therefore the
lower branches should not be allowed
to lie upon, the ground, as We have
seen them in SHINE orchards. S.. .> q
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1902-08-02
RAISING DAIRY COWS
A PROFITABLE INDUSTRY.

Though the number of COWS in this
country has increased some during the
last ten years, it has by no means kept
pace with the increase of population
The people that use milk and milk
products, have increased during that
time nearly 20 per cent, and the COWS
only about three per cent. If this
ratio of increase keeps up it means
comparatively small supply of milk,
butter and cheese in the future, and
constantly growing prices. This is not
a desirable future to be looked for
ward to by either the producers or the
consumers Of dairy products. With a
restricted supply of anything, though
the price for it may be high, the bene-
JUS are not SO widely distributed
through the agricultural community AZ
is the case where the prices are mod
crate and supply abundant We have
not yet recovered from the effects of
the low prices of few years ago. At
that time good many farmers
stopped breeding and raising cattle Of
the mich type. The higher prices of
the past few years should have set
the tide in the opposite direction and
probably has, but it will be some time
before we find it out The increase in
production of dairy COWS is not easilv
obtained, especially in years when the
prices for feeders are good. Recently
there has been a good advance in the
prices paid for mich COWS, and if this
price continues, breeding along this
line will be stimulated.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1902-08-02
YARDlNG SPACE NEEDED
FOR PRODUCTIVE HENS.

From Farmers Review: When we
first began yarding fowls we found
that with a balanced ration of a va
riety OF foods they Invariably pro-
duced more eggs than on unlimited
range. But we soon found that the eggs
were less fertile and our loss Of chicks
was greater. These yards were so small
that we had to supply a part of the
green food. We increased the size of
our yards and provided plenty Of
shade. This corrected the trouble with
fertility and loss Of chicks. We be-
lieve the ideal way would be to have
two yards for one pen Of fowls and
change occasionally. - Miller Bros,
Brown County, Indiana.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1902-08-02
--.. : - .: - -
AoRT''I! II ORE
y, ! #$ ~ ~ ~ a23Nb =
effective cHEcksFoR
" THE SAN JOSE SCALE.

Prof. w. J. Green, of Ohio, says:
Various mixtures have been proposed
1or this insect and number have been
found to be more or less effective. It
IS hardly possible, however, to apply
any remedy with such thoroughness as
10 reach every scale, and because it's
natural enemies are few and its rate
OF reproduction very rapid, complete
eradication is practically impossible,
put by treatment each season it is en-
t1rely practicable to hold it in check.
Inc choice of compound with which
10 make treatment is not to be deter
mined alone by it's efficiency, but by its
availability and practicability as we'll.
Resin washes, composed of resin, pot
ash and fish oil, have been found to
be efficient, but are troublesome to
prepare in small way. The same is
true of whitewash made Of lime,
sulphur and salt. Whale oil soap,
when used as strong as two pounds
to a gallon of water, and applied with
thoroughness, is good remedy. Its
cost precludes it's use in many cases
and the difficulty Of finding suitable
weather conditions for the application
OF it makes results with it quite varl~
able. While not without objections,
crude petroleum has been found, in
most cases, to meet the requirements
better than any other remedy yet tried
at the Ohio Experiment Station. The
thin, light grade is safer and less trou-
blesome to use than the thick, heavy
grade, although when diluted with Wa
ter the latter is less Objectionable than
if used clear. Refined oil is more
harmful than crude.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1902-08-02

SOME GOOD POINTERS 2. ~
:: FOR CHICKEN RAlsERS.

From Farmers Review: There are
many good breeds of chicks, sew
eral not very good, and as many good
and as many poor handlers of these
oreeos. Why is it one person will
succeed with the chicken work while
another equally as we'll situated and
started will fail? The reason why
some succeed where others fail would
better be reasons why, for there are
many. Lack of business methods is
one main reason. All know, or should
know, what is meant by business
Methods. If you are in doubt, look up
the methods of some who have been
successful; visit some of your neigh
bors who are successfully; then remem-
Der and profit by the points you learn;
II you can discover no points would
advise you to go out of the poultry
business instanter.
Lack Of regularity in feeds, in time
OF feeding and in general care. The
poultry keeper who keeps his flock on
the tenter hooks of expectation all
the time will themselves be on the
expectation of profit from their aocks.
Great expectations, but unlikely to
be realized.
Changes, either in the feeds, the
housings or in the focks themselves.
Now don't explode; variety Of feeds
is necessary; sudden change in feed
is detrimental-the only sudden
change allowed is from nothing to
good feed, and this sudden change
should be gradual. The introduction
of new blood is necessary once per
year, but one should not be intro
ducing new ones into the flock at
any and all times. The probabilities
are they will take so much time get
ting acquainted that there won't be
time for them to return any profit.
The greatest harm is in changing
from one breed to another. This is
of course necessary when one finds
the breed he has is "boarding,'' but
when one has a fairly profitable breed
that he is acquainted with, then
changes to a new sort, more for a
whim than anything else; he is work
ing havoc in the profit for several
months at least. Some of us nervous,
manageable Americans need to be more
like some of our conservative neigh
bors over the sea; more averse to
changes than we are. If you are get
ting good returns from your breed
and from your way of managing and
feeding, make changes slowly; if you
must experiment yard few of your
fowls to themselves to experiment
with; you may happen upon a valua-
BILE discovery.-Emma Clearwaters.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1902-08-02
REMEMBER THE DEBT 4 ts. T
- YOU OWE TO THE SOIL.

The up-to-date farmer pays his debts,
One of the debts which he does not
forget is the one he owes to the soil.
He knows that each crop which the
soil yields takes from It something Of
its fertility, and that, unless this ter
tility> is returned to the soil. it soon
can yield only q diminished crop. So
he is very careful, year By year, Is
pay back 4 to his land that fertility
which biz the crops have taken from It.