davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington times., 1902-06-29

police, the fire department, and the
water board before beginning each test.
Offices and laboratories will be erected
at once and it is proposed that cer-
tain number of the buildings shall be
in themselves examples of the various
methods Of modern fire-proof construc-
tion. In this way they will them
selves be subject to an endurance test.
so to speak, extending over several
years. An element of cooperation en-
ters In here. too, for the manufac
tuFers Of TIE various types of fire re-
sistancc~ construction now before the
public are offered an opportunity to
erect structures embodying their re-
srcctive theories.
The buildings viii be OF a uniform
size. on a ground plan OF sixteen by
twenty-five feet, with one post in the
middle. so that the relation OF the mid
die beam and walls will correspond to
two bays in factory, each twenty-five
by eight feet in dimensions. In the rear
of each will be a one-story annex. in
which constant tests will be made to de-
termine ability to resist fire or any
other means OF accidental destruc-
tion that can be experimentally brought
to bear upon il. The annexes. used in
this way. will also serve to measure the
power Of the walls OF the main struc-
lures 10 resist the heat from a contla-
grafton in an adjoining building. The
plan for this novel undertaking includes
an office building fer housing the finer
scientific apparatus to be used in meas
uring high temperatures, and taking
other minute observations while the
tests are in progress, and for making
plans and working out the scientific re-
suits OF the experiments. and at least
one laboratory. very solidly constructed
of hreproof brick, large enough to test
freproof flooring under high tempera-
ture and heavy loads similar to those
that the same floor might have to sus-
tain in a big fire in great business
block. There will be a place to test
fire-doors. glazed windows. and other de-
vices under the conditions OF intense
heat. frequently sufficient to melt cast
iron. that would De produced by the
actual burning OF a building In which
they were located. and to produce such,
extreme temperature in the small com
pass of laboratory there will be pro-
vided gas plant, for the ordinary ma
terials. such as cord wood, Will not
The Washington times., 1902-06-29

I serve the purposes on the smaller scale
of an experiment. Fires will probably
be started with wood. and then gas will
be injected to maintain them at very
high and even tempera ture. ,
Special facilities are planned for de-
termining the efficiency of steel framed
POSTS ard other metal features of up-to-
cate fireproofng and the value of their
protection against deterioration by vari-
Gus concretes. veneers. etc. Specimens
Will be subjected to the varying weather
conditions OF New England climate
Tor a considerable period of time to dis
cover the effect OF humidity or Of the
substances with which they are coated
upon the metals. Steel, for example. en-
heddcd in a suitable concrete with
base of lime. may last two thousand
years, while the same material EN-
bedded in some of the coucretes now In
use is likely TO corrode and even be de-
stroycd in less than twenty. So the
school will divide its attention between
the action of modern building materials
under the influence of the slowest
hut least combatahle of all destroying
agencies, Father Time himself.
Up to the present time this country
has been behind England in attempting
4 thorough and systematic understanding
OF the actual causes of fires and the best
means of preventing them, and the arch
itects and engineers of London have al
ready organized n fire prevention COM
mittee to devise safeguards against the
dangers that are believed by many ex-
perts to lurk r. some of the new steel
and iron buildings that were hailed only
L few years ago as absolutely safe. The
United States has indeed several $50
lated testing automatically those in
Philadelphia and Chicago-.but the re-
port of none of them Is to be taken as
definitely final. The new School of In
surance Engineering is expected to sup
rly this deficiency and to send out. year
after year. several young men whose ex-
pert knowledge can accomplish a great
saving of human life. as well as of
property and OF money investment. But
perhaps tho greatest economic value OF
is ounce of prevention" theory lies In
its possibilities for correcting one of the
Eardships OF present-day conditions, I'M
der which property owner may protect
himself against fire loss by means of an
insurance policy, while hundreds OF
thousands of persons may be deprived
of their livelihood by the destruction OF
the buildings in which they are en-
ployed.
The Washington times., 1902-06-29

even in a lifetime, child should be
guided along the right path. 1t is diff
cult to forecast the future OF any hu-
man being. and one cannot deny hope
even to the child of the most depraved
criminal.
1t has been conceded that all mortals
are born into the world with inherent
tendencies that are good as well as
| those that are bad. Thus. the main
thing is in the bringing up of the chill
ence between right and wrong. There
are times when children may be led into
evil by the companions they keep, and
In the past many cases have been traced
to this source. This Is often caused by
the inducements held out. and by the
excitement incident to certain parts of
the work. There appears 10 be no rea-
son, however, why they cannot be cor
rected. 1t is said that even the most
pronounced criminals are never in that
condition when they could not change
their minds and proceed to live upright
lives.
Next the question presents itself of
protecting society against the criminal,
and 1t has been demonstrated that penal
measures are the correct ones. These,
however, to be efficient must possess the
elements of certainty. severity and pub
licity. The most severe punishment for
the criminal is to make him do that
against which every day of his criminal
life is protest. He must be made to
feel that he is one OF the body polite,
and to earn his living by honest labor
and obey the laws which have been en-
acted for the common veal. He should
also be taught some trade. and his
faculties trained to some occupation
with which by given amount of labor
an honest livelihood can be earned.
AT all times the criminal must be
made to recognize the fact that in the
long run it pays better to be an honest
man than a criminal. In Washington
criminals are marked, and when crime
The Washington times., 1902-06-29
RUDOLPH EICHHORN,
Vice President.

R. NJ. A. Fenwick. Thomas W. Fowler,
William H. Fuss. Weston Flint. Jacob
II. Frank.
Anthony Gaegler. Joseph Gawler.
Thomas Geary. David Gerran, W. J..
Green. Albert Groupe, William G. Gal
liant. Joseph Geir. Mathew Goddard.
George l. HaH, Abraham Hart. Daniel
Hannah, S. d. Houck, Joseph 7. How
ard. p. F. Hoenig. Franklin T. Howe,
August Hoester. James W. Humphrey.
John Humphrey. George W. Harvey, W.
H. H. Hoover, C. N. Hendley.
Frederick Inhoff
Andrew Jackson, A. B. Jackson,
James Johnson. Walter C. Johnson, John
Johnson.
Charles kattleman, x. A. King, n. W.
King, Thomas Kirby, Wallace W. Kirby,
The Washington times., 1902-06-29
All of Them, in Accordance With the Require
ments of Admission to This Association, Are
Over so Years of Age, and Have Resided in
the District for Over Thirty-five Years-The heir
Oldest Member is 96, and One of the Strong
est of An-Death Makes Heavy hroads.

by one. The record from 1866 to 1882
period there were in the association 500
members, while at the annual meeting
on July, 1892, there were but 112 of these
to answer the roll call. Among those
who had passed away, was the lamented
w. W. Corcoran, who was for many
years president OF the association.
If any part Of the constitution of the
Oldest Inhabitants Association might
be taken to outline its reasons for ex-
istence, it would be that part which
reads as follows:
Assuming that, as the Oldest resi-
dents Of the District. we cherish the
greatest solicitude for its prosperity, 1t
will be for the association to lend its
aid in every way to its prosperity and
Improvement in good order, right gov
ernment, and social intercourse, and in
courtesy and respect to all public func-
tionaries and authorities, without re-
gard to sectional. or political distinc-
tions."
Only white male citizens of the Dis
trict may become members of the asso-
citation. and they must be fifty years Of
age and must have resided la the Dis
trict thirty-five years. The cost Of men,
bership is 81 initiation fee and 10 cents
q month dues. The officers Of the asso-
ciation are a president, thirteen vice
presidents lin honor OF the union OF the
United States as originally founded).
treasurer, recording secretary. cor
responding secretary, and marshal,
The Washington times., 1902-06-29

- RIMINAL life is study which
has engaged the attention Of
~ men from time immemorial,
but 1t is doubtful IL much sue
cess was attained until recent years in
protecting society from the inroads of
invasion. For decades the question as
to whether this class was the victim OF
heredity was uppermost with those
seeking the main cause of criminal life,
but the general opinion now prevails
that altogether too much weight has
been given to this phase of the sub
ject. This view is taken not only by
police officials who make a business of
running down such people, but by pri-
son officials who have spent years and
years in observing them under confine-
ment.
Environment and training, it is as
serted. and not heredity. give the most
favorable conditions for the Develop
ment of criminal classes. Every sane
individual is responsible for his actions
at all times and nine-tcnths of them
have had sane motive, though thor
oughly dishonest and criminal one. in
pursuing their avocatiors. There can
be no doubt that disease may weaken or
even destroy the will and at times crime
may be the result of this. Crime, how
ever. is not a disease. and those who
have IDEAS on the matter argue that
there Is little between the two to make
them analogous.
To prove that criminals are not born
into the world 1t has been shown that
the tendencies and not the conditions
are transmitted. In one sense, 1t has
been said by an authority. it might be
said that we are all born criminals"
in that We inherit from remote ances-
tors traits that II they had full play
would i'll accord with the customs of
our modern civilization. In childhood
the antagonistic tendencies have been
observed, and while 1t has been found
impossible to blot them out altogether
The Washington times., 1902-06-29

who are elected by ballot annually. oil
July T. Easa
The officers and members Of the asso-
citation at present are as follows:
Presidents. Thomas Brown.
Vice presidents-John W. Clark, Will
liam Boron. n. D. Larner, Jacob Veih-
meyer. Allison Nailor, jr., J. d. Cathell,
A. H. Ragan, B. C. Wright, T. II. Lang
ley, P. NJ. Dubant, Rudolph Eichhorn.
Albert Group and Fred l.. Moore.
Recording secretary-Benj. W. Reiss.
Corresponding secretary-Joseph r.
Howard, NJ. d. l.t..
Treasurer. Richard Riggles.
Chronicler-James Croggon.
Marshall. A. Weinberger.
William W. Birth. s. Thomas Brown,
R. W. Barker, William Boron, Wash.
The Washington times., 1902-06-29
TOR the first time In this country
r the prevention of fires by plan
i ming the construction of build

"OR the first time In this country
X the prevention OF fires by plan
i ming the construction of build
ings in such a way as to reduce
the opportunities for occurrence to a
minimum is to be made a regular feature
of the training afforded at a college OF
applied science. When the Massachu-
setts Institute of Technology opens in
the fall the diversity OF its coures will
include school or department Of
insurance engineering under the execH-
tive charge OF Prof. Charles L. Norton.
The undertaking has the enthusiastic
support and cooperation Of Mr.. Edward
Atkinson, Of Boston, whose efforts in
recent years have practically revolution
lied the methods of mill construction
and the theories Of Industrial insur-
aace: and 1t has appealed SO strongly
TO mill owners, builders. manufacturers,
and other investors TO whom fire is a
constant menace that. at Mr.. Atkinson's
instance. a fund sufficient to place 1t at
once on substantial money basis with
liberal allowances for the necessarily
heavy initial expenses.
The Importance CT the movement be-
comes evident when one realizes that
during the past year destruction by fire
in the United States amounted TO over
$3.50, ,000,0 coo. To this sum must be added
practically another 100000, 600 to cover
the excess Of expense In water works.
fire departments, and in the conduct of
insurance companies due mainly to the
existence Of ayoidable dangers in our
great cities, so that the nations total
tax. in an average year, is about $780,
OC0, coo greater than the annual appro-
priation for the. common schools, more
than double the suIa expended yearly for
the support Of all the universities, col
leges. and technical schools In the coun-
try, and somewhat above the normal ex-
pense OF conducting the Unitcd States
Government II we omit the items of
interest and pensions. This enormous
money loss by fire has been increasing
steadily during the last five years, de-
The Washington times., 1902-06-29
They Have Seen Washington Grow From Small
and Struggling Town to One of the Large
Cities in the Country and One Of the Most
Beautiful in the World-Her Advancement and
Improvement and Continuous Prosperity the
Chief Object of Their Association.

]. Edward Krouse, J. I. Keefer, Samuel
L. Kelly.
Thomas H.. Langley, Benjamin F. Lar
comb, Noble D. Larner, Max Lansburg,
R. V. Lasky. A. W. Layton. James
Lacky.
John Marbury, jr., Ctis T Mason, Johr
R. Major, John W. Miller. Fred L.
Moore, James Muiloy, S. E. Mullen.
Lewis Mundheim. Timothy w. Murphy,
John A. Miller, Thomas V. Myers, Chas.
B. Maury.
Allison Nailor, ir., William Nelson.
T. V. Noonan. Crosby S. Noyes.
Thomas oliver, S. T. D. Ourand.
Samuel c. Palmer, R. Ross Perry,
Fred W. Pilling, C. C. Purcell, ]. Tyler
Powell, Fred Petersen.
A. H. Ragan, Benjamin W. Reiss. ].
Richard Riggies, C. H. Richards, John
H. Reinburg, Frank T. Rawlings.
]. C. Sauter, A. L. Schultz, John H.
Small. Hanse H. Smith. A. H. Stockman.
Oscar A. Stephens. Frederick stutz. j..
T. Sullivan, Charles Shambaugh.
Anson S. Taylor. Bryson Tilly, James
S. Topham, H. o. Tosles. Gilbert Tomp-
son. w. T. Turpin, Thomas H. Unsworth.
Jacob Viehmyer. Thomas Williams.
Wash B. Williams. William H. Will
liams, Walter B. Williams. James A.
Wineburger. Simon Wolf, Benjamin C.
Wright. ]. r. Wright. Nicholas Watkins,
Charles T. Wood and W. Fl. Young.
Honorary members-Joseph H. Brad
The Washington times., 1902-06-29

spite every development of fire fighting
apparatus and methods. and the insti-
tute's plan is to reduce to an exact
science the means of preventing de-
structive fires. not only by putting out
a blaze as quickly as possible after il
has started. but by making 1t as nearly
impossible for It to start as may be
practicable.
There is. at present, no school where
the elemental principles of prevention
OF loss by fire forms any part. OF the in
struction. and the Massachusetts Insti-
tute of Technology bids fair to be the
first institution in this country. or. In
fact. anywhere. to supply what would
seem very important addition to mod
ern education.
Prof. Norton will start Immediately
on an extended visit of inspection to the
various large cities of the United States
with the purpose OF examining their
buildings and investigating the methods
under which they are constructed, con-
sulting prominent insurance men In re-
gard 10 the apparatus TO be used in the
new school for experiments with fire.
proof construction and the scope OF tho
instruction II should give. Unlike most
educational plans. the new school will
assume an immediate and important
practical relation TO the business world.
Tho first work Of its testing station will
be bent. not only to educating students
in methods of fire prevention, but also
to classifying and establishing a stand
ard for the so-called fireproofing mate
rials which are now In more or less
general use.
The department OF insurance engineer
ing will require about an acre of land.
and a site is now being selected in the
vicinity of Boston, the necessary condi-
tions being that the land shall be so
situated that somewhat offensive and
possibly dangerous experiments may be
conducted without risk to neighboring
property, and that a sufficient supply of
water may be available without having
to make special arrangements with the
The Washington times., 1902-06-29

ley. Representative r. W. Blue, Judge
C. C. Cole, W. ". Corcoran, H. o.
Claughton. George H. Corey, D. D.,
Daniel O'C. Caiiashan, E. C. CARING
Garrennes, E. o. Eldridge, D. D., Bishop
John F. Hurst. Hon. Frank W. Hackett,
William H. Millburn, D. D.. Ben Perley
Poore, A. G. Riddle, William C. Robin
son, LII. D.. D. j. Stafford, D. D.. o. s.
Staples, Alexander Shepherd. Represen-
Green Clay Smith, A. s. Tucker, Gen.
John NJ. Wilson, and Representative
William W. Kitchin of North Carolina.
will be largely attended, as It will te
marked by certain social features. The
president will read mis- annual report
and statements for the year will be
made by the secretary and treasurer.
Mr.. S. Thomas Brown. who on the
Fourth Of July last year was elected
president to succeed Mr.. John Marbury,
jr.. the latter having declined to serve
longer in that capacity. will undoubtedly
be selected. He mas taken a deep in
terest in the welfare Of the association.
and has long been one of its most active
members. Mr.. Brown Is president Of
the Farmers and Mechanics Bank,
Georgetown and an influential citizen.
So far as is known at this time there
will be no changes in the officers. The
oldest member Of this association Is Mr..
". ". Birth. who is niHety-six yearsl
Of age, and is still an active member.
The Washington times., 1902-06-29

o. Berry, Charles Behrens, ]. F. Boi-
seau,. Samuel W. Began, William B.
Britain, c. w. Brown. r. NJ. Brown,
Sebastian Bauer, William A. Barnes.
Thomas Al Brown, ]. d. Cathell. ]. II.
Cathell, C. B. Church, +. NJ. Chaplin, j.
F. CLANCY, J. ". Clark.
william A. Clark. W. S. Cox. II. V.
Cotton. Joseph F. Collins. William d.
Crampsy. James Croggon. J. Madison
Cults. George Q. Colison. John Connor,
Fred G. Calvert, George W. Vorbett.
H. NJ. Dellenger. Christian Dickson,
George W. Driver, P. NJ. Dubant. W.
II. Dunhorst. G. w. Dixon, F. VI.
Detwciler.
Rudolph Eichhorn, Christian F. Eek
loft.
The Washington times., 1902-06-29

~ RIMINAL life is a study which
has engaged the attention Of
~ men from time immemorial,
The Washington times., 1902-06-29

nual session of the Association
of Columbia This organization is COM
posed of not only the oldest residents of
Washington but those who have been
longest identified with the best interests
OF the National Capital for almost half
q century. 1t is without creed or politics,
and its principal object is the develop
ment and prosecution of associations
arising out OF common residence in
this, the most beautiful and beloved
city of the republic.
The Oldest inhabitants have but one
purpose in view. and that is the making
of Washington the ideal seat of govern
ment of the world. Incidentally it
strives to keep alive the "reminiscences
of the past and that social and paternal
communion which constitutes the guar
antee of the future. The organization
has seen the Capital City rise out OF the
gloom and turmoil just following the
dark days Of the civil war and grow in
to fresh. verdant, complete maturity
and has witnessed scenes of transform
alton which are but an index to be what
may be expected when the greater
Washington comes.
But the Oldest Inhabitants Associ-
alton has its retrospective as well as
its prospective view. Each year 1t has
seen the death angel hover about it and
remove from its fold its members one
The Washington times., 1902-06-29

~ Y July a most noteworthy meet
| ing will be held in this city. 1t
~ will be the thirty-seventh an
The bee., 1902-01-30

Observation-Disclosures

are posed as they will appear
upon the floats in the street pa
rade. When no seeming flaw re-
mains, set, accompanied by the
original costume cards, is sent to
Paris or to some home city, where
the costumes are manufactured.
Each suit is numbered and pack
ed in a separate case. The cos
tunes are usually delivered dur
ing the early part of December,
after which they are removed to
the "den," where they are ar
ranged on long pine tables, each
suit surmounted by its appropri-
ate picture. The members are
kept busy for weeks having their
costumes fitted by tailors, armor-
ers and milliners. When all
preparations are at last finished
the various costumes are replac-
ed in their several boxes, which
are kept locked until the event
full day or night when they are
to be publicly used.
The bee., 1902-01-30
NEW WONDER BOOK.
Worlds Fair Classification Shows the Mar
velous Activity Of the Human Race.
Every Art and Industry
Has a Place.

An advance copy of the Classifica-
ton Book for the Louisiana Pur-
chase Exposition at St. Louis in
1908 has been received. Fifty-three
pages are required for a mere emu
meration of the groups and classes
of exhibits. The exhibits of the en-
tire exposition are divided into fif-
teen departments as follows: Edu-
cation, eight groups; art, six groups !;
liberal arts, thirteen groups manu-
features, thirty-four groups; trans
portation, six groups; agriculture,
twenty-seven groups; horticulture,
seven groups; forestry, three groups /;
mining and metallurgy, five groups !;
fish and game, five groups; anthro-
pology, four groups; social economy,
thirteen groups; physical culture,
three groups. The total shows l44
groups and 3O7 classes, and under
each class is possibility for null
The bee., 1902-01-30

the States remarkable resources.
The Kentucky Missourians ar
rived in Louisville Monday morn
ing and will not return to st.
LOUIS until the latter part of the
week. Frankfort and Lexington
are included in the itinerary and
it is safe to say the Mound Build
ers are learning anew that their
native State has not lost the art
of hospitality.
The name of each of the visit
ors is an honor to his native State.
Hon. David h. Francis, Presi-
dent of the Louisiana Purchase
Exposition Company and former
Governor of Missouri, is a native
of Madison county. A native of
the same county is eX-Gov. VIM.
j. Stone. Still another former
chief executive of Missouri is
The bee., 1902-01-30

Over score of the most prom
inent men in st. Louis business
and professional. circles are in
Kentucky this week for the pur-
pose of interesting the General
Assembly to secure the passage
of the 5000, 900 appropriation bill
now pending for a Kentucky
building and exhibit at the
Worlds Fair in 1903. With
such a delegation, backed by
their thousands of friends in the
Bluegrass State, there is a likeli-
hood that the bill will 90 through
in some shape or other, while
many are firm in the convection
that the Commonwealth owes it
to herself to spend every cent of
the amount in showing the world
The bee., 1902-01-30
REVISIT
THEIR NATIVE STATE
They Are Now From Missouri and Want Appro-
priation For Kentucky at the Fair.
WILL PROBABLY GET WHAT THEY CAME AFTER

with the party-Hon. Thos. L.
Crittenden. His home was form
erly at Frankfort. Hon. John A.
Lee, the lieutenant governor, is
a native of Fleming county.
Breckenridge Jones. a member OF
the Executive Committee for the
Fair, was Danville boy and
member of the Glass of rs at
Centre College. He is financier
and lawyer. Harry b. Halves.
President of the st. Louis Board
of Police Commissioners, was born
in Covington. Edward H. Sem
pie, prominent in st. Louis in
surance circles, is a former Lou
isville citizen. Estill McHenry
represented his native county
Ohio-in. the Kentucky State