davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1902-06-15
Old French Florida.
A HISTORY STORY. BY KATE STEPHENS.

Jobr Rihaut set to sea In February, 1862 ua sailed from Hayre, in France, and he had under his command two of the round-pooped tub-bottomed ships of those days' upon their decks besides the stout-hearted sali- DTS were men whose trade was solo1erlng- men whose trade was building and worKlhg in metals-and still other men trained to no good craft. Ribaut was to lead these men across the sea.
 Within two months of their starting they sighted land, and shortly after came to the mouth of a great river" The river we cal the St. Johns. They took possession or the land in the name of their king and set up a stone engraved with the arms of France
 It was May Day, and in that southern land nlentv and beauty were at every hand. Null titudes of fish glmmered in the river, fruits were ripenlng In the fields and game hiieo the woods nearby.
 "Here." said Ribaut, "I shall make set tIement." He called together his men ana made them a speech. Twenty-eight men were chosen for the colony, and one was o,.cted cantaIn. After Ribaut had seen them well eStaDllSutu III a ie'iS ANAN -~ ~ - France.
 The new colonists were happy. The h. dians had not only beckoned them ashore when they arrived they now feasted them with fruit and game and every deiicacy they nossessed. Instead of planting and harvest ing the colonlsts were idle. Somehow they seemed to think 1t would always be summer and plenty.
 But rains fell and winter followed. The Indians still gave of their stores of smoked fish, yenison and grain, but their supplies grew short Hunger made the settlers mutt nous. Finally they killed their captain.
 Summer again brought better things, but the second summer was passing, and sec ond winters starvation was threatening. In vain they looked for Ribaut. No aid from him was in sight. They resolved to build vessel and return to France.
 If they had worked as hard to establish their colony as they did to get away they would doubtless have succeeded. They cut trees for their craft; they calked the seams with long moss and pitch from the pines. Their ropes the friendly Indians made out of long creeping vines. For sails they took their sheets and shirts.
 Homeward their sailed. But they could take but scantiest provisions, their boat was so small. After a voyage of terrible suffering, and even cannibalism, they sighted England, and an English ship picked them up and took them to London apS to food sp' ret.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1902-06-15

draught he no longer wished to go away.
 So he stayed many days upon the beautiful island
 At last he knew he must really depart, but he promised to come soon again.
 And no matter where he went or what he did he was always wishing to be back with his little friend.
 'I must go just once more," he said, at last, but this time I will not stay, for l would soon lose my strength there.'
 He did stay though, and each day the boy grew taller and stronger. They played at wrestling very often, but Strongarm did not always find 1t so easy to win.
 One day he was not careful and the boy threw him.
 He was on hls feet in a second. "'Tis small thing" he laughed, but when he sailed away he determined to come back and teach the saucy young fellow a lesson.
 In a week he again set sail for the island.
 The boy had grown immensely, and as soon as Strongarm felt the grasp of his hands and saw the firm set of his feet upon the turf he knew that today's contest would be different from any they had yet had.
 "The young cub wants to play the man, he thought, and, in truth, he Is strong enough for it. By my faith there is danger In him.
 It was indeed, most terrible struggle.
 The boy seemed to grow stronger each minute.
 First one md then the other would slip and nearly fall, but neither yielded. At last, when Strongarm was wellnigh spent, he heard these words:
 "Save myself, oh knight. One mighty ef fort and the victory is thine."
 It was the old hermit who spoke. Strong arm saw him standing under great tree and anxiously watching the fight.
 The words seemed to give him fresh strength, for the next minute he gripped the young giant around the waist, lifted him In the air and flung him full length upon the ground.
 Then, crowned with victory. he fell ex- hausted and fantlng beside his mighty foe.
 He did not know anything more until he awakened little while after to find himself in a boat and the hermit bending over him.
 "'Twas well done, my son. said he in kindly voice, ''but never again seek the dan ger you so barely escaped. Had you yielded YOU would have been a slave all your life. For that boy is none other than Habit. He Is small at first, but the better you like him and the oftener you do as he wishes the big ger and stronger he grows"
 .I know him now" answered Strongarm,s land never again shall he control me even In the smallest things"
 And, like true knight, he kept his word.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1902-06-15

making plant. Presently the thin films of ice melt and there Is water again. There Is even more than we first put in the saucer, because the cold tumbler stole some of the invisible water out of the air, and 1t ran down into the saucer.
 In the kitchen we see the steam come oEt of the nose of the tea kettle. If we examine it carefully we see that just at the end of the nose where the steam first comes out, 1t Is invisible. Then 1t appears as a white cloud that soon again disappears. We can see the same thing at the exhaust pipe of steam engine. These things are so very common we forget how wonderful they are. Water may be either an invisible vapor, liquid or a solid, and in each form 1t is still water.
 Look at a common Fahrenheit thermom- eter and the word freezing" can be seen opposite the figure 32 of the scale. In fine thermometers we see opposite the figure PIP the words water boils." These points, 32 and 212 are the points of transformation or change in water. The cause of the change is heat. When the heat of the air out of doors rises in winter above g the ice in the ponds begins to melt. In the same way when the temperature falls to 32 water changes to ice. In a boiler under the influence of the fire the water becomes hot and at the critical point of PIP 1t Is transformed Into a vapor.
 The metals-lead, gold, iron, etc.-have each their critical points when they are transformed from solids to liquids and from a liquid to hot vapor. This is true of the rocks, the very world itself. Once the star on which we live, called the earth, was . hot yapor. Then 1t became liquid, molten ball, and lastly cooled down till 1t passed ito critical point and was transformed to its present solid form. Under the crust there may still be some of the liquid left, and from volcanoes its hot vapor may sometimes pour out upon the air. Some stars, like the sun, may still be only hot vapor. Others are thought to be liquids; still others are hard and cold, like the dead moon
The Birmingham age-herald., 1902-06-15

flowers and, much to his surprise, laugh Ing boy skipped down to the waters edge, and, holding out his hands, cried merrlly: Welcome, Sir Knight, have been waiting for you.'
 Nay, not for me-" answered Strongarm. ''I seek the mighty wrestler. Mayhap you know him."
 The boy laughed gayly.
 'I know him well, Sir Knight. am be-" This time Strongarm laughed.
 This passes jest" he said. "Why, could toss you as could baby, had but the time. Now I must pass on.''
 Nay, not yet" begged the boy, with his brightest smile. "Come, see what can do."
 Then Strongarm stepped on shore and catching the little elf he held him high above his head for one full minute; then giving him toss, he caught him like rub Der ball.
 "Oh, what fun" cried the boy when he stood on his feet again. "Please stay and teach me your tricks. We will have such merry times together. Now shall you be re- freshedF" He clapped his hands while be spoke, and soon a slave appeared, bearing two goblets of liquid, clear. cool and spark ling.
 Choose, sir knight" said he, ''and drink to our better acquaintance"
 Thou art merry answered Strongarm. "I will drink your toast. Then must leave yon.'
 But after he had finished the magic
The Birmingham age-herald., 1902-06-15

swered the shepherd. He Is brave knight, and the people call him Strong Arm."
 Nay, I mean not him." replied Strong arm. "There is yet another. Do you know himf"
 But the shepherd shook his head, and Strongarm walked on.
 Soon he reached some charcoal burners, and. as he was very tired and hungry, he gladly ate the coarse black bread and drank fhe goats milk they offered him. But they could not tell him of the one he sought.
 Further on they said lived an ancient Druid He was very wise, because all the winged and creeping things brought him news from the outside world. Perhaps he might know. Then Strongarm thanked the charcoal burners, and continued his journey.
 After little while he came to tiny hut, and tapped at the door. It was opened by an old man, whose hair and beard were as white as snow.
 "Welcome, my son." he said. Long have I dwelt under the shadow of these hills, but few are they who find their way to my lonely abode. What seek ye here?"
 r seek the mighty one," answered strongarm. He who boasts greater strength than all others. I would know where he lives
 The hermit sighed.
 "I know you," he said, though you know me not. You are that Strongarm of whom all men speak. Yet you would seek that
The Birmingham age-herald., 1902-06-15
HOW TO BUILD A RUSTIC STAIR.

As you start to bend the sapling, pass 1t over the curved piece you have made (which resembles pick-ax in shape, the end of the handle being placed against the tree). The object of this pick-ax shape is to dis. tribute the strain over greater surface on the sapllng than would be the case If you simply used a stick without the curved piece on the end. You will need several of these shapes, and after your sapling is bent you can fasten 1t to these pieces by mailing
 After your sapling Is properly bent you must fasten the end securely to the first limb. Unless you want to go to the trouble of selecting pieces of sapllng with very decided bow-shape to act as supports to your stair It will be much easier to use up right supports. The former support Is much prettier, of course.
 The supports for the steps can be made of two pieces of sapling fastened together (see drawing) and then nailed to the sap ling you have just bent. The treads of steps can be made of any sound, weather beaten boards, but chestnut stands the
The Birmingham age-herald., 1902-06-15
Queer Pets.

On farm in Ohio there lived little girl named Elizabeth. The nearest neighboring children were four miles away, so you see Elizabeth could not often have playmates of her own age. Indeed, there were so few children in the neighborhood that one whole winter Elizabeth was the only scholar the district school boasted.
 One day Elizabeth had nearly driven her mother distracted by asking every few min utes, What can l do now" Her mother suggested playing with the dollies, the kit ties, the dog; didn't she want to make little pie for fathers dinner, et. No, Eliz- abeth wanted to do none of thes things
 Finally the child went away and she mother hurried her preparations for d,1ner, for getting all about the little tease. When dinner was ready she went to the woodshed, directly In the rear of the kitchen, took down the dinner horn, which hung on a nall on
The Birmingham age-herald., 1902-06-15
THE ADVENTURES OF STRONGARM.
BY LOUISE JAMESON.

mlghtler one. Suppose your curiosity bring you only regret, would you still continue your questi Reflect ere it be too late"
 Good hermit" returned Strongarm, nothing shall hold me from my purpose I can be happy only when l find this boaster and prove that Strongarm is mightier than he. Tell me, pray you, where dwells hef"
 Again the hermit sighed.
 q may not tell you that, Sir Knight All who seek him find him. But his power is terrible. Beware of it."
 "Thanks f& your warming" responded Strongarm, as he again set out on his travels
 He walked a whole day, and in the eyen- ing lay down asleep under tree.
 When he awoke next morning he was sur prised to see broad river. 'I need boat to get across this," he thought.
 And as though in answer to his wish a pretty little boat came gliding over the water.
 There were men to sail it, and Strongarm had only to step in.
 This he did, and liked 1t very much. Pres ently they came to an island covered with
The Birmingham age-herald., 1902-06-15
A Saucer Transformation
A NATURE LESSON. BY CHARLES BARNARD.

Place half teaspoonful of water in a saucer and put the saucer in sunny window or in a warm room with closed windows and appear. Where has 1t gone? Is 1t destroyed or lost? Wipe the saucer dry and clean and fill thin glass tumbler with Ice and water and place 1t In the saucer. Watch It, and In about three minutes the glass grows misty. Then drops begin to form, and they presently run down Into the saucer. It may be part of the very water that disappeared before. It could not have come through the glass, and we conclude 1t must come out of the air. It was visible in the saucer. It disappeared and now it reappears.
 Take the tumbler out of the saucer, pour out the water and fill the tumbler with broken Ice. Then sprinkle a tablespoonful of salt on the ice. We have seen the cook do this In making ice-cream, and we know that salt causes ice to melt, and in melting it steals the heat out of the cream and 1t freezes. Now pour a teaspoonful of fresh water in the saucer and place the tumbler in 1t. Walt 15 minutes and then gently lift the tumbler. To our surprise we lift the saucer also. Put 1t down and watch It for half an hour and we shall see beautiful crystals of Ice, re- semblIng a frosty window, on the tumbler, and find the tumbler Is frozen to the saucer. We can pull them apart and with a thin knife lift the thin crystals from the saucer or from the bottom of the glass and taste them to prove that they are artificial ice. The tumbler and saucer make a tiny ice-
The Birmingham age-herald., 1902-06-15

syllables as 1t will accommodate, leaving half an inch space between the syllables.
 Then, with pair of scissors, cut the paper into parts, so that you have a great many parts, each containing a syllable. Mix these parts all together and you are ready to begin the game. Let each player draw from the pile on the ''soup plate" three of the papers, and when all have drawn they set to work trying to form words.
 Each player Is called on in turn, and If he has failed to form a word with either two or all three of his sylables he must re- turn two of them to the pile, keeping one, and walt until his turn comes again, when he draws two more from the pile and tries again to form word.
 Of course, 1t is necessary to have limit of time In the game, or 1t may be agreed that each player shall have a certain num- Der of turns, and at the end of the game the player that has formed the most words Is the winner.
 The game is very helpful to boys and girls that are old enough to take real interest in the study of words, and 1t Is for them that 1t is intended.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1902-06-15

Once upon a time there lived a very brave knight named Strongarm. He was the best wrestler In the whole country, TOT nobody could throw him.
 q am the strongest" he declared, and the people all said Yes" but one old man shook his head. Nay" he said, "there lives one who boasts a greater strength than yours, proud knight"
 ''Tell me his name," cried the knight in angry tones. 'I will seek him this very day"
 Be not in such haste," answered the old man. "He Is mighty, indeed. Many strong man has yielded to his power. His name may not tell, nor where be liyes,"
 But I will find him." declared Strong arm. .'Nor will I know peace until 1 have vanished this proud boaster.'
 That very day he set out upon his travels. He journeyed toward the rising sun.
 Up In the hills he saw a shepherd tending his fiocks.
 q greet thee, good shepherd" he said. "Can you tell me where the mighty one lives, he who conquers all othersr
 He lives in the kingdom near by" an-
The Birmingham age-herald., 1902-06-15

stalr Bend slowly around, fastening with nails as you proceed, until you reach the first limb, where 1t can be either tied or nailed.
 When you have fastened this securely you must next bend the outer support for your steps. Before you start this, however, 20 to the woods and select several pieces of sapllng IS inches long and with a nat ural bend like a bow. Trim flat on the back and front of the bow with sharp hatchet. Fasten this at right angles to another piece of sapling about 20 inches long.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1902-06-15
A Pretty Party Trick.

It is very easy to make magic mirror. All you have to do Is to write or draw "itn chalk on an ordinary hand mirror and wipe it gently with soft cloth. The words or pictures vanish but they will reappear If the mirror Is breathed upon. In telling for tunes with the mirror, you must leave 1t in another room until it is wanted. Then question being put to you, go in quest of the mirror, write upon 1t (and rub off) an ap- propriate or amusing answer and take the mirror to your questioner and request him to breathe upon 1t.
 If you are Il good rapid draughtsman you
The Birmingham age-herald., 1902-06-15

weather best The handrail should be bent in the same way as the second sapling. The space between the rail and the steps can be filled with any shape of rustic work you choose, either grapevine or sapling.
 Properly built, this rustic stairway IS very pretty and graceful, and If your sum- mer-house, which 1t Is presumed, you will buiId in the tree, at the head of the stairs, is as artistic you and your friends will enjoy your handiwork more than you have any Idea.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1902-06-15

The tree around which you intend to build your stair should be at least two feet in diameter. The larger the tree the easier it Is to wrap the sapllngs into place.
 These should be cut from the nearest forest and can be of beech or maple. Get them as long as possible and not more than two inches In diameter.
 Nail the end of one of your saplings fast to the tree at its bottom, letting 1t slant In the direction you are to bend It for the
The Birmingham age-herald., 1902-06-15
Syllable Soup. A Recess Game.
BY D. B. WAGGENER.

This game, like some others that we have given you, Is intended not only to amuse you at recess but to help you in your study of the English language. Any game that will do that is well worth playing, for to speak and write good English Is one of the most useful things that you can learn at school.
 The game Is based on the fact that there are very many syllables in our language that are used in different words. The first thing to be done is to cut sheet of foolscap paper into strips the full length of the sheet, and about one inch in width. Now, on each strip write as many words of from two to four
The Birmingham age-herald., 1902-06-15

opposlte the end of the sapling which vop first bent to the tree and about two feet away from 1t drive stout post. To this fasten the second sapling with strong rope. You are now ready to bend it, and you had better get your chum to help vou. AS It requires considerable strength.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1902-06-15
Combination Puzzle.

Here is a puzzle that may seem very hard at first but Is really quite easy, as you will see. If you look sharply at the picture. Still, as the very easiest things are sometimes the most difficult, we think this puzzle will be very interesting one indeed. Just try It, and when you are puzzling your brains the hard
The Tucson citizen., 1902-07-24

Is at" That a mere New York imam
cier should offer his assistance to
maintain British maritime supremacy
is enough to make John Bull lose his
temper and vince with pain. That
the solemn bigwigs Of the admiralty
should consider the proposition serious
ly is calculated to make the proud
Briton howl with RACES
Well, misery loves company, and
Mr.. Morgan has been doing things to
us on this side Of the water for long
time. We are rather glad Lat he is
expanding his field of action, When
he is busy grabbing things from the
Europeans we may be able TO hide
away a few things. But If John Bull
is wise he will keep his eyes on Mr..
Morgan, or the day is not far distant
when Ne must change his national song
from Britannia Rules the Wave TO
Morgan Rules the Wave And the
already merged Americans will join in
the chorus.
The Tucson citizen., 1902-07-24
Getting In society.

Several young men in our smartest
set were asked hy an inquisitivc genius
how they managed to get in high socie-
ty. Il danced my way ill.," said one,
who frequently leads u cotilIon Anoth-
Pr said: II was too ungraceful for that.
But had serious way with me, and
got into the sacred circle hy means Of
the Sunday scifoc' taught Bible
class, made acQua .ntance OF the best
young men, met their mothers, fathers
and finally their sisters" A third: ~
got In by being a stranger In New
York. Willie on q hunting expedition
In the west | was able, through n hap
Dy circumstance. to be OF assistance to
a very prominent leader Of New York
society. In gratitude. suppose, be ex
acted promise that would visit him
II | ever came east. | came, / called.
conquered. He dined me at his hub
then al bis home, where met bis fam.
ly. His daughter is now my wife,
New York Press.
The Tucson citizen., 1902-07-24
EDITORIAL DEPARTMENT

the people. AS Mr. Burrows is chair
man of the committee on privileges and
elections, which has jurisdiction over
that question. his change Of attitude is
suggestive, and perhaps important
The change OF sentiment may not
speak much for Senator Burrows con-
sistency or constancy, but it is certain
ly no reflection on his intelligence. The
Senator from Michigan has been the
leading advocate of the proposed
change in the upper House Of
Congress. and it is to be presumed
he has discovered that there is no gen.
eral desire to abandon the present
method of selecting Senators among
the intelligent people of the country.
The demand for the election Of
Senators by popular vote is the in
spiration of two ill-founded theories.
One of these is that political conven-
tions are harder to manipulate than
State legislatures: the other is that
few of the Senators in the Congress of
the United States would have been
elected to that body If their election
had depended on a popular vote. Both
theories are false. State conventions
can be manipulated even easier than
State legislatures. and it is yet to
be shown that there is single Senator
in Congress who would not have been
elected as easily at the hands OF the
people as at the hands of the legisla-
ture. The members of the legislature
are sworn officers. and the law pre-
scribes some qualifications for them.
The delegates to State convention
need have no qualification but parti-
sanship, and are unrestrained by obli-
cation. 1t may be doubted IL there Is
a single man in the Senate who wou,I
not be there II he had depended upon
the action of his party convention in
his State for his Office.
Senator Burrows knows this As
well as anybody, He knows, too. that
the personnel of the upper House Of
Congress would be improved in no
manner whatever by a change in the
method of elections. The Senate is
not degenerate body. It will stand
comparison with any legislative body
in the world, both in intellectual abil-
ity and fidelity of representation.
The Tucson citizen., 1902-07-24
or.gsn OF the sabbath.

The Sabbath as religious institu-
legislation. 1t. too. can be traced bacx
TO n Rabylonian prototype. not. how
ever. as day of rest from labor. but
as kind of atonement day, when by
various rites and by observing GER
tain restricted regulations the anger
Of the gods could be appeased. On
this old institution the Hebrews in.
grated their religious ideas and pro-
duced the unique institution Of q day
observed as respite from the week .
toll and which. from being an "inaus-
picous'' occasion, dies irR. is viewed
as delight" Professor Jastrow in
Independent.