The daily morning journal and courier., 1902-10-23
INDUSTRIAL ASCENDANCY.
CARNEGIE ON THE COMPARA- TIVE GROWTH OF NATIONS.

Rector of st. Andrews University-
 Appeal to Emperor William to Form a
 European Political and Industrial
 UnIon-United States the Present
 Wearer of tho Industrial Crown
 Great Britain Must Abandon Hereafter
 All Thought of Material Ascendancy-
 Germany Threatening to Put Her Into
 Thlrd Place.
 St. Andrews Scotland, Oct. 22-An- drew Carnegie this afternoon was for maIly installed as rector of St. An dreW's university, in the presence Of large and brilliant assemblage, over which Principal Donaldson presided. His address consisted of long study of the comparative growth of nations in the paths of industrial ascendancy, with striking commentary on their future. In his speech, which was re- plete with notable statistics and lmp0r- tant economic prophecies, perhaps the most remarkable feature was an appeal to Emperor William to use his influence toward the eventual creation of the United States of Europe under the form of political and industrial union. In this way alone, MT. Carnegie declared, can Europe conquer the foreign mar kets or repel the American invasion. France, Germany and Russia, who had already taken joint action against Ja- pan, would suffice to insure satisfac- tory union in Europe.
 "The czar," he continued, having taken the first step toward the peace of the world in The Hague conference, the other mighty emperor might some day be impressed with the thought that it is due to himself and to Germany to play a great part upon the wider stage of Europe, as her deliverer from the incubus which expresses and weakens her, the appalling, paralyzing fear of war and of ruin between members of her own body"
 MT. Carnegie in the course of glow ing tribute to Emperor William said he could not help believing that "one so supremely great" could Influence the few men who to-day control Europe to take the first step not to federate, but by an alliance to insure internal peace, which is all that can be expected at present" Unless the powers agreed to something of the kind all they could look forward to was to ''revolve like so many Lilliputians around this giant Gulliver, the American Union, soon to embrace two hundred million of the English-speaking race and capable of supplying most of the worlds wants"
 For the best essays on this subject MT. Carnegie offered rector's prize.
 Dealing with the events which caused the industrial supremacy, "once yours, but now passed to your lineal descend ant, who bears the industrial crown, MT. Carnegie maintained that it was physical impossibility for Great Britain to produce material things rivalling in amount those of countries the size of America, Germany and Russia, nor would a union of the empire change the situation, for neither Canada nor Aus tralia gave promise of much increase in population or industrialism. All thought of material ascendancy, even with the British empire united, must therefore be abandoned"
 MT. Carnegie spared his Scotch audi ence no details America" he said, 'fnow makes more steel than all the rest of the world. In iron and coal her production is greatest, and it is also so in textiles. She produces three-quar- ters of the worlds cotton. The value of her manufactures is about triple that of your own. Her exports are greater, and the clearing house exchanges at New York are almost double those of London"
 Germany, the speaker also said, now threatened to oust Great Britain even from second place. France was not likely to increase her trade much fur ther. It was only thanks to the frugal ity and virtue of her people that she re- mained among the first-class nations. He emphasized the assertion that the most powerful weapon in conquering foreign markets is a profitable home market.
 s''Invasons of Europe, especially of Great Britain, by American manufact- urers,' he said, fare not to be appre- uc1lucu LO dliS dDlG eXISHL, GA- cept at rare intervals. because the home market in America takes 96 per cent of the manufactured articles, hence her prosperity. Foreign commerce is a braggart, always in evidence at home. Commerce is the true king" The work accomplished in American commerce by ''the German element can scarcely be believed, except by those who, like my self, know it by experience" The so- briety and determination of the Ger mans formed an example for England, whose enormous, drink bill and money spent on tobacco they cut in half, while the gambling of both masters and men was abolished "The great secret of success in business and in millionaire making is to make partners of valuable managers of departments
 MT. Carnegie described as dark cloud on England's horizon the fact that ''in twenty to twenty-five years the supply of Cleveland iron-stone will be practically exhausted. The Cumber-