davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Smyrna times., 1902-08-27

Peaches are so plentiful with some
of the farmers that they have begun
feeding them to their pigs. The best
grades are shipped to the city markets
where good sums are being realized.
The season is now at its heightand the
fruit growers have fattened their bank
accounts considerably as the result Of
the good luck with their fruit this
wear. Some of the farmers are now
glad that they replanted their orchards
few years ago as otherwise the diseas-
ed trees would not be of much profit to
them.
Smyrna times., 1902-08-27

There is peach basket famine in
Kent and in fact oyer the whole penin-
sula. Farmers have had to beg for
baskets to ship their fruit. The Ches-
tertown Nd, baskets factory is turn
ing out 10, 900 baskets a day but the
demand is not supplied. But here the
price is still the same, while in other
sections of the peninsula baskets have
doubled in price.
Smyrna times., 1902-08-27

II Clayton, Del, and Will receive new SUD
,riptions and receives monies on old. Al
news items left with him will receive proper S
attention. Subscribe now; only $1.OO
year in advance.
CLAYTON.
Items of Interest Cleaned From the DOlugs
In and About Town:
Herman Sevil is spending two weeks
at Atlantic City.
Miss Ella B. Harris of Philadelphia
was home Sunday.
Miss Ethel Dyatt is in Wilmington
on visit to friends.
Mrs. Ella Clark, of Wilmington, is
visiting friends here.
Miss Ssllie North, of near .Leipsic is
visiting Mrs. G. II. Maloney.
Mrs. Kate Meredith, of Middletown
is visiting Mrs. Eugene Meredith.
Policeman Frank Leyden is laid up
with bad attack of rheumatism.
Miss Virginia Hayden, of Whining
ton, is the guest of Mrs. j. E. Cats.
Miss Nola Sollivan, of Trappe Md,
is being entertained by Miss Bertha
Ennis.
Rev. Thomas B. Donovan, of Mont
gomery, Alabama, is the guest OF Rev.
L. B. Pastorelli.
Michael Grady, the Wilmington
shoe dealer, visited relatives near town
during the past week.
Some of the farmers have begun
plowing their ground preparatory tC
sowing next years crop of wheat.
Harry Jones, of Leipsic, has rented
the large brick storehouse on Mail
street and will shortly open mea
market there.
Miss Clara Lenderman of Whining
ton and Miss Lizzie Wise OF Ne'
Castle are being entertained by Mrs
Ella Ellagood.
Mrs. Sallie Springer, and daughte
Miss Bertha and Miss Ida Wilson
Wilmington are the guests of Mr.
George &. Allen.
Messrs. w. F. and J. R. Clemen
have purchased of Mrs. Mary
Wright lot of land in this town, Il
consideration being 5000.
Miss Nettie Chambers, the afat
assistant to Postmaster T. L. Maso
while canceling letters the other da
accidently struck one of her fingers
stead Of a letter, making quite pal
full wound.
Miss Mary Collins, daughter OF \
and Mrs. Harry Collins of Clayton a
Charles Leslie VanDyke of Wilmii
ton we're married at the SilverbrC
M. E. Parsonage Wednesday by
Rev. Henry S. Thompson.
AS almost every mail brings in /
applications the Board of Edueat
has not yet though it advisable
select principal of the high sch
vet. However, one will be seleC
within the next few days.
Rev. L. B. PastorellI has purchf
for st. Joseph's Industrial Scho
new hose carriage and eight hunC
feet of improved four-inch hose to
place the old fre-fghting apparf
The institution has also been supI
with SIX dozen patent fire extinguis
] in case of need.
There is a peach basket famin
Kent and in fact oyer the whole p
sula. Farmers have had to beg
baskets to ship their fruit. The
tertown Nd, baskets factory is
ing out 10, 900 baskets a day but
demand is not supplied. But her
price is still the same, while in
sections of the peninsula baskets
doubled in price.
Peaches are so plentiful with
of the farmers that they have
feeding them to their pigs. TIT
grades are shipped to the city m
where good sums are being res
Smyrna times., 1902-08-27
A k=7I\rsA y

It of mutual interest that all Early Markets should be
made on time 1t is necessary in order do that shippers
should get their produce the Boat early enough to allow
time to unload Hereafter
Smyrna times., 1902-08-27

Policeman Frank Leyden is laid up
with bad attack of rheumatism.
Smyrna times., 1902-08-27
CLAYTON.
Items Of Interest Cleaned From the DOiugs
In and About Town:

Herman Sevil is spending two weeks
at Atlantic City.
Smyrna times., 1902-08-27

Rev. L. B. PastorellI has purchased
for st. Joseph's Industrial School a
new hose carriage and eight hundred
feet of improved four-inch hose to re-
place the old fre-fghting apparatus.
The institution has also been supplied
with ixdozen patent fire extinguishers
in case of need.
Smyrna times., 1902-08-27

Miss Virginia Hayden, of Whining
ton, is the guest of Mrs. j. E. Cats.
Smyrna times., 1902-08-27

As almost every mail brings in new
applications the Board of Education
has not yet though it advisable to
select principal of the high school
vet. However, one will be selected
within the next few days.
Smyrna times., 1902-08-27

Miss Mary Collins, daughter of Mr..
and Mrs. Harry Collins of Clayton and
Charles Leslie vanDyke of Whining
ton we're married at the Silverbrook
NJ. E. Parsonage Wednesday by the
Rev. Henry s. Thompson.
Smyrna times., 1902-08-27


*
y.
w.
All'
Smyrna times., 1902-08-27

Miss Nola Sollivan, of Trappe Nd,
is being entertained by Miss Bertha
Ennis.
Smyrna times., 1902-08-27

Messrs. w. F. and J. R. Clements
have purchased of Mrs. Mary Z.
Wright a lot of land in this town, the
consideration being 5000.
Smyrna times., 1902-08-27

Miss Nettie Chambers, the affable
assistant to Postmaster 7. L. Mason,
while canceling letters the other day,
accidently struck one of her fingers in
stead of letter, making quite pain
full wound
Smyrna times., 1902-08-27

Mrs. Sallie Springer, and daughter
Miss Bertha and Miss Ida Wilson of
Wilmington are the guests of Mrs.
George G. Allen.
Smyrna times., 1902-08-27

Rev. Thomas B. Donovan, OF Mont
gomery, Alabama, is the guest of Rev.
L. B. Pastorelli.
Smyrna times., 1902-08-27

Michael Grady, the Wilmington
shoe dealer, visited relatives near town
during the past week.
Barton County democrat. [volume] (Great Bend, Kan.) 1885-1915, 1902-01-31

OF decrepitude. His family Bible Is
still preserved, and it shows that the
date of his birth was written ia years
ago.
Surely few words from this remark
able old gentleman, who has had ia
years Of experience to draw from,
wsuld be interesting as we'll as profit
able. A lengthy biographical sketch IS
given Of this remarkable old man in the
Waco Times-Herald. December 4, 1898.
A still more pretentisus biography of
this, the oldest living man, illustrate
with a double column portrait, was Civ
en- the readers of the Dallas Morning
News, dated December II, 1898, and also
the Chicago Hmes-Herald of same
date. This centenarian is an ardent
friend of Peruna, having used it many
years.
In speaking of his good health and
extreme old age, Mr.. Brock says:
"After a man has lived in the world
as long as have, he ought to have foun
out a great many things by experience.
1 think have done 30.
"One of the things have found
ont to nv entire satisfaction IS the
proper remedy for ailments that
Barton County democrat. [volume] (Great Bend, Kan.) 1885-1915, 1902-01-31
A Burst of generosity.

A man from Dunedin once visited
the town of wellington. An Irish
friend insisted upon the visitor stay
ing at his house instead of at a ho-
tel, and kept him there for month,
playing the host in detail. even to
treating him to the theaters and 9TH
err amusements. paying all the cab
fares and the rest. When the visitor
was returning to Dunedin, the Irish
man saw him down to the steamer,
and they went into the saloon to
have a parting drink.
"What'l you have?" asked the
host, continuing his hospitality to the
very last.
"Now, look here said the man
from Dunedin, I'll haze nae mair O.
this. Here we've been keepin' me at
yer hoose for month an payin' for
"a the theaters an cabs an drinks
/ tell We I'll STAN nae more o. it.
We'll just haze a toss for this one!"-
| ScotSman
Barton County democrat. [volume] (Great Bend, Kan.) 1885-1915, 1902-01-31
The Four Track News.

There is much of education and enlight-
.nment in the dainty little monthly maya
zine, ''The Four-Track News" which comes
to us from the editorial workshops of the
passenger department of the New York
Central & Hudson River Railroad Company.
Its pages are filed with interesting matter
regarding travel, our expanding commerce,
and the development of our transportation
facilities. The January number is devoted
largely to California, the idea of the editor
being to give special attention each month
to that portion of the world to which people
are at the time travelling, The leading ar
ticle on this subject is THE Land of the
Sunset Sea- written by Luther l.. Holden.
Other interesting features are Egypt Then
and Now" by George FADE; ''The Ro-
nance of Reality by jane w. Guthrie; a
sketch of Hudson, New Nbrk, by 81. r.
Bryan, and much that is entertaining in
verse and well-edited departments. There
are also valuable contributions on the cul-
tiva ton of prunes, olives, grain and sugar
beets. so cents per year, cents per copy.
Business communications should DE ad-
dressed to George 81. Daniels, General Pas
senger Agent, Grand Central station, New
York city.
There is no education like adversely
Disraeli.
Barton County democrat. [volume] (Great Bend, Kan.) 1885-1915, 1902-01-31

The telephone girl and the bill clerk, to
whom she had promised her heart aud hand,
were sitting in front of the fireplace talk
ing about the happy days to come when
they would be one From one little detail
to another the talk finally drifted to the
subject of lighting fires in the morning.
On this point the young man was decided.
He stated it as his emphatic opinion that it
fires and let her poor, hardworking husba nd
rest. After this declaration there was 81
lence for the space of about three-quarters
of second. Then the telephone girl thrust
out the finger encircled by her engagement
ring and murmured sweetly but firmly:
Ring off, please. You have got connect
ed with the wrong number. w. G. Jack
son, in the Salt Lake Herald
Barton County democrat. [volume] (Great Bend, Kan.) 1885-1915, 1902-01-31

are due directly 70 the effects Of
the climate. For III years Ihave
wifhSfood the changeabIe climate
of the United SfafeS.
81 have always been q very healthy
man, but Of course subject to the lit
tie affections which are due to sudden
changes in the climate and tempera-
ture. During my long life have known
a great many remedies for coughs,
colds and di9rrhoea.
Il had always supposed these affec-
tons to be different diseases. For the
last ten or fifteen years / have been
reading DR.. Hartman's writings. have
learned much from his books, one thing
in particular: that these affections
are the same and that they are proper
ly called catarrh.
GAS for DR.. Hartman's remedy,
Pe-ru-na, have found it 10 be the
best, If not the only, reliable REM
edy for these affections. IL has
been my standby for many years.
and I affribufe my good health and
extreme old age 10 this remedy.
ut exactly meets all my require.
ments. 1t protects me from the evil
effects of sudden changes: it keeps me
in good appetite; it gives me strength;
it keeps my blood in good circulation.
I have come to rely upon it almost en>
tirely for the many little things for
which / need medicine.
ST believe it to be valuable to old
people, although I have no doubt it is
just as good for the young. / should be
glad if my sincere testimony should
become the means of others using this
remedy. because ! believe it to be the
greatest remedy of this age for Ca
tarrhal diseases
when epidemics of Ia grippe first
began to make their appearancein this
| country 1 was a sufferer from this dis
ease.
"I had several long SiegeS with
the grip. At first did NOT know
that Pe-ru-na was q remedy for
this disease. When 4 heard that
Ia grippe was epidemic cafarrh, I
tried Pe-ru-na for Ia grippe and
found 1t to be Just the thing.
ut has saved me several times froEn
a siege of the grip. 1 feel perfectly
safe from this terrible malady so long
as have Peruna at hand. i hope that
DR.. Hartman may live to be as old as
am, to continue the good wsrk OF
teaching people the value of his great
remedy, Peruna.
| Very truly yours,
Barton County democrat. [volume] (Great Bend, Kan.) 1885-1915, 1902-01-31
M>v~, 1esN.

For a free book on eatarrh. address
The Peruna Medicine Co., Colemb bus, o.
If you do not derive prompt and SAT-
isfactory results from the use of Pere-
ma, write at once to DR.. Hartman, Civ
ing a full statement of your case, and
he will be pleased to give you his-val-
liable advice gratis.
Address DIR. Hartman, President OF
the Hartman Sanitarium; Columbus.
Ohio.
Barton County democrat. [volume] (Great Bend, Kan.) 1885-1915, 1902-01-31

ISAAC BROCK, citizen of McLen-
/ nan county, Texas, has lived for
ia years. For many years he re
sided at Bosque Falls, eighteen miles
west of Waco, but now lives with has
son-in-law at Valley Mills, Texas.
A short time ago, by request, Uncle
Isaac came to Waco and sat for his pic
ture. In his hand he held a stick cut
from the grave of General Andrew
Jackson, which has been carried by
him ever since. Mr. Brock is a digni-
fed old gentleman, showing few signs
Barton County democrat. [volume] (Great Bend, Kan.) 1885-1915, 1902-01-31
'EmcacfOus.

Cant something be done, Maria" whis
pered the host, 10 make the time pass more
quickly"
..I1l try" whispered the hostess
in voice loud enough to be heard through,
out the room, Gin about half an hour from
now Miss Howler will favor the company
with a song.-Chicago Tribune.
Barton County democrat. [volume] (Great Bend, Kan.) 1885-1915, 1902-01-31

Born before United States was
formed.
Saw ~ Presidents elected.
Pe-ru-na has protected him
from all sudden changes.
Veteran of four wars,
Shod q horse when go yearS
old.
Always conquered the grip
with Pe-ru-nd.
Witness in q land suit at age
of no years.
Believes Pe-rh-na the greatest
remedy OF the age for catarrhal
diseases.
Barton County democrat. [volume] (Great Bend, Kan.) 1885-1915, 1902-01-31
Rromus lnernis.

Most voader1si grsss 81
&c century Prodsseseto1s
Of hsy sad lots and les g
pos1grzge be.ides per acre.
Grows wherever sail II
<euna- ealzcr,s seed q
Uar-azted- That peyc-
Barton County democrat. [volume] (Great Bend, Kan.) 1885-1915, 1902-01-31
The Real Thing.

All the mechanical toys you make seem
to be very successful
Yes. said the inventor. I've only had
one failure"
what was the matter with it?''
Too realistic, I guess. It was a toy
tramp, and it wouldn't work. "-Philadei-
ph1a Press
Barton County democrat. [volume] (Great Bend, Kan.) 1885-1915, 1902-01-31
Physicians~ i'm Hawaii.

Hereafter no physician who is un-
able to speak the English language
will be given a certificate allowing
him to practice his profession in the
territory of Hawaii.-Chicago Inter
Ocean.
Barton County democrat. [volume] (Great Bend, Kan.) 1885-1915, 1902-01-31
The Modern Play.

.'Your friend, the theatrical manager,
has gone abroad / believe"
Eyes, he's off securing the continent for
new attractions"
"Ah! and the American public will get
the off-scourings, as usual. Philadelphia
Press.
Barton County democrat. [volume] (Great Bend, Kan.) 1885-1915, 1902-01-31
No Cause for Anxiet.

She-My trousseau is already beginning
to show wear.
He (startled)-But we've only been mar
ried a month.
She-Now, don't you worry about it at
all, dearest. / can make it as good as new
for $500 or S600.-Harper's Bazaar.
Barton County democrat. [volume] (Great Bend, Kan.) 1885-1915, 1902-01-31

We si<A yoa % Ey ear
ii great f2r1 seeds. ksses
"A oE<r - seEd 10 farz see1
81 samples. co1sxining fhs<..nd
4 Es,1sz kaie, Tsostate. Rape.
knslss, Seeltk- sts- tfnllSusrsh
&c So . get . st.r9 ta<eIher vitA
~ <reas o.k.inr. fer 1oc posEsqe-
Barton County democrat. [volume] (Great Bend, Kan.) 1885-1915, 1902-01-31
The Qualified Critic,

Big School Girl-Ain't you got gram
mar yet?
Little School Girl-Nope, not till next
year.
h IVY vsy,! grseoqas; ys took @ two
Barton County democrat. [volume] (Great Bend, Kan.) 1885-1915, 1902-01-31

SalZER's MAGIC CRUSHED SHELLS
Best on earth sell 1t Il IS per ae u. h2Is
es.75 fer Sc Ks: $50 for 900 lbe-
Barton County democrat. [volume] (Great Bend, Kan.) 1885-1915, 1902-01-31

makes Il Poszibie - Grsr
hogs, shecp and cattle st .
esss % lat 1e = ID. Marvel
s1sly prolific. does ven
everywhere That p0ya
Barton County democrat. [volume] (Great Bend, Kan.) 1885-1915, 1902-01-31

OPIUM M VII. ssIs.. st Sc e.sss a S:
Worxt esses. Book and references FREE. pr.
h r.. WOOLLEY. Rox % Atlantis g.
Barton County democrat. [volume] (Great Bend, Kan.) 1885-1915, 1902-01-31
Speftk.
Nro4nrio Raa>

Greatest cereal fooi -
sersh-6o b1s- grain and 6
tons magnificent hay per
acre That pays
Barton County democrat. [volume] (Great Bend, Kan.) 1885-1915, 1902-01-31

]
Barton County democrat. [volume] (Great Bend, Kan.) 1885-1915, 1902-01-31

cE0ttOt " EtG6S
Yielded in 81 States isstyeax
evsr - bus Psr acre. We niss
have tho celebrated Aaeea-
ronaW heat, which yielded
% sur l.ras g bus Per acre
That pays
Barton County democrat. [volume] (Great Bend, Kan.) 1885-1915, 1902-01-31
THE OLDEST man In AMERICA
Tells How He Escaped the Terrors
Many Winters by Using Pe-ru-na.

are due directly 70 the effects Of
the climate. For III years Ihave
wifhsfood the changeabIe climate
of the United SfafeS.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1902-05-25
SUNSHINE In THE CLOUDS
RAINS BRING BRIGHT PROSPECTS
FOR FUTURE BUSINESS.
Even the AbnormaIIy High Range of
Prices Is Expected to BE Broken
Grain Markets Are Better.

The recent rains have given entirely new
aspect to the business situation. 1t has i'm
proved the outlook for wheat, corn, pasturage
and hay-au important items in the Of in
suring a good fall and winter trade, and TO
say that the wholesale merchants in much
better spirits than week is no ex-
aggeratlon. As expected. with the coming Of
summer weather. some lines of trade grew more
quiet, but IL is more so than usual; In
fact. merchants speak Of trade as being very
satisfactory in all lines. the only drawback 10
business being the high range OF prices on
several lines OF goods. and. unfortunately such
lines come into general consumption, more es-
pecially meats. The rains, however, will soon
bring down prices OF meats pasturage i'm
proves. Most lines Of groceries and -four con-
tinue 10 sell at reasonable prices. and this does
much toward lettering the situation. The poul-
Try, egg and butter markets continue at a
high range-such prices have not been realized
in many years; in fact. never before in the
month Of May SO long as receipts no
heavier and the demand active. present prices
likely TO prevail. The financial situation
could hardly be better Tax paying time is over
bills well paid up, money is plentiful, and
though many lines OF goods sold close
doing business, ana promising are crop pros
poets and busy manufacturers that bust
ness men are disposed 10 look on the bright side
OF matters
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1902-05-25
The Sunday Journal, by mail, $50 Year

against America Altogether. France vas
the means Of the United States Of America
obtaining nearly 100000. al emergencies
u hen il was most sorely needed for contin-
uance of the war for liberty.
Ii Is not easy 10 escape the conviction.
in a careful study or the Yorktown cam
paign and of the facts which led 10 a. that.
in spite OF the remarkable skill shown BY
Greene in the Carolinas in forcing Corn
wallis 10 the northward. OF Lafayette gal
LIANT campaign which kept him in check N
Virginia. and OF Washington's wonderful
CELEBRITY OF movement. which COMPLETED the
concent ratiOn OF his troops and those q
Rochambeau IN the peninsula. the lack Of
the French auXiliaries and fleet might have
made the result wholly contrary 70 what
II was.
Then. as 10 the question OF motive Il
was not Louis XVI or his ministers alone
who initiated the sending Of aid 70 Amer
lea. That strange being. Beaumarchais.
while entertainer OF royalty. was a po-
tent force IN the liberalizing tendencies II
the day. and though the King and bis
aristocracy did not literally appreciate tho
fact. the new thought which had been 30
seau and the Cyclopaedists was really be-
hind the movement. The BOurbons saw
their interest in encouraging the America 10
10 lessen the power OF England. bur the
more enlightened and advanced portion q
the French people that favored the move
ment. and that from a higher cause. a de-
sire for the emancipation OF mankind
This Is the view which should be para
mount In the welcome 10 the distinguished
Frenchmen who have come 10 Us TO witness
the unveiling Of the monument 20 Rocham-
beau IN Washington To the French people
we owe a debt OF Hveliest gratitude. and
may IL never be for.ottens
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1902-05-25
Indianapolis Grain Market.

The week closed with steady. firm prices and
a good demand for all cereals and receipts the
largest OF any day OF the week Track bids.
as reported by the secretary of the Board of
Trade on Saturday, ruled as follows:
Wheat steady: No. ? red. sic track; No red,
sic on milling freight, No red, TId79c track;
wagon. Sic
Corn hrm No 1 white. 66c: No. ? white. 66c;
No. 3 white, 66c. No. 4 white. 62d64c; No
white mixed. 643fc. No. 3 white mixed. 64≻
No. yellow. Soc No. { yellow. 6ld65c; No.
mixed. 64s4c; No. mixed. 6494c; No. mixed,
60a4 a62s4C. ear. 64&sc-
oats steady; No. ? white, Asa 45lzc; No.
white, 44i2045c; No mixed. Aa4452c: No.
mixed. 43iza44C.
Hay steady No. 1 timothy, Sl2. 13dl5.20i NO.
2 timothy, S1L15d1175.
Experimentation: No. red. l car. Corn:
No. white. cars; No white. %: No
white mixed. /; No. white mixed /; No
yellow. 3; No mixed. 4: no grade, 2. ear
corn. 3: total 43 Oats: No white.
cars. Hay: No. 1 timothy. cars: No. tim
othy, /; No. l clover, /; No. 1 prairie 1; total.
cars Total receipts. % cars
WAGON MARKET.
Offerings on the wagon market light.
IS has been the rule all the week. and as
consequence sellers have been able to secure
good prices for their ofrings prices throughout
the week remaining practically the same. AS
reported by the wagon weighmaster they were
follows.
COrn-65d75c per bu.
Oats-44Q 4SC per bu.
Hay-Timothy. choice, s13d14; mixed. s19.50d
E50; clover S9d10 according to quality.
Sheaf Oats-S12H13 per ton.
StTaw-S5Go, according TO quality.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1902-05-25
HOW FRANCE HELPED US.
1t Was n Real and Important Help,
Whatever the Motive.
Philadelphia Times.

Philadelphia Times.
Historical truth is not always furthered
by a captious scrutiny of motives 1t has
often led to the belittling Of events or their
causes. In regard TO the American revolu-
ton. it has become the fashion to say that
all the help furnished by France to our
struggling forefathers was due TO self-in-
terest, to the purpose TO retrieve for her
the proud relative position among Euro
pean powers that she had held under Louis
XIV, and had lost in a measure under mis-
successor. Even # this be literally true
as may be reasonably admitted. it does net
excuse historians in Guessing over salient
facts which make most impressive the
value and opportuneness of French aid 10
Congress and the continental army. Toe
opinion has grown in weight of late years.
especially since the renewed study OF the
subject induced by the Yorktown celebra-
ton of ISL. that without the helping hand
of France it is almost certain that Ameri-
can independence would not have been
achieved so early as 1t was. and it is not
at all improbable that IL might have been
indefinitely deferred
II is a small spirit which causes the
recipient TO look a gift-horse in the
mouth" yet that is what many American
writer's have for many years been doing
in reference 10 our historic obligations 10
France. Furthermore. the fact that we
incurred a similar though smaller obli-
CATION 10 Spain is but very rarely men
toned; has. in fact. been almost entirely
overlooked. Spain furnished half OF the
first subsidy of 600 francs which France
sent TO US in 1796 and later joined France
in war upon Great Britain. thus engaging
much OF her military and naval strength
that might otherwise have been directed