davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1897-1902, 1902-04-13

be Obvtated? DR.. Thomas D. Parke of
Birmingham
Appendicitis. DR.. ]. D. s. Davis of Bir-
rninghaIn.
At 10 o'clock on the second day the Jer-
cr.e Cochran lecture will be delivered by
DIR. John II. Musser Of Philadelphia. At
tho evening session of the saTne day DIR.
Jacob Huggins Of Newburne will deliver
the Monitors address and the annual ora
tion will be delivered by DR.. E. r. Ward
of Selma.
The third day will be given to the read
ing of specially prepared pcpers. as fol-
lows
The Newer Uses Of Electricity in Med
icine and Surgery. DR.. G. Eetton Massey
of Phila delphia.
A Report of Two Cases. DR.. w. H.
Blake of Sheffield.
The Injury TO Young Cells Caused by
Certain Common Surgical Dressings Dr.
Robert F. Morris of New York.
The Therapeutic Use of the N-Ray.
Dr. Eugene D. Bondwant If Mobile
Anomalies IT. tn. Developn- Of the
| Uterus. Dr. r. 8. Hill Of NJ @9ahiery.
The Treatment of Cold Absees.srs. DR..
w. r. Townser of New York.
The Place Of Drugs IN the Treatment OF
of Philadelphia.
Three Incurp BILE Conditions Amenablc
to Surgery. DR.. Jas. T. jerks OF Hot
Strings, Ark.
Indammatory Conditions Of the Vermi-
form Appendix. DR.. VIM. I. Henderson
of Mobile.
Proper Methods of the Care and Treat
ment Of the Feeble Minded of the State
of Alabama. DR.. c. 7. Wilbur OF kala-
magoo, Mich
Albuninuria in Pregnancy. Dr. I. A.
Casey of Birmir CHAM.
Some Reasons for Past Failures In the
Treatment Of the Morphine HABIT. Dr.
Geo. 8. Petty OF Memphis.
Intestinal DISTINCTIONS. DR.. S. s. Tam
of Mobile.
Neglected Prophylactic and Therepeu-
| tic measures. DR.. w. H. Sanders, State
Health officer of Alabama.
A Case Of Gunshot Wound Of the Aldo
men, Complicated With Chronic Appendix
citis. DR.. j. NJ. Watkins Of Troy.
Appendicitis. DR.. Geo. g. Brown OF BIT
mingham.
Intra-C Pappilloma Stimulating APP
pendicitis. DR.. w w. Harper of Selma.
Continuous Bath In Surgical lnrections'
Dr. H e. PRESLEY Of Birmingham.
Typhoid Fever. DR.. w. W. Mangum
of Eufaula.
Interesting Surgical Case DR.. Il. T..
| II ge of Mobile.
The faculty of the college under the
reorganization is made up as follows'
b. L. Wyman A NJ, NJ. D.. professor
of neurology and clinical medicine
j. D. g. Davis M. d. professor OIL
The age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1897-1902, 1902-04-13
SAW HATTERAs ToPsY-TURvY.

Baltimore, Md. = To few men in their
sober SCI ses is granted the privilege Of
seeing Cape Hatteras upside down, but,
according to the statements of Captain
John II. Tawes OF the Diamond Shoal
lightship. such a phenomenon was wit
messed recently by those on the ligntship.
Captain Tawes writes
Not only have we seen Cape Hatteras
upside down. but even the ships that
passed us on March IL and II seemed to
be sailing bottom upward. On Monday
night there was light wind from the
rorth-northeast.
II had retired early. The man on look
out between 10 and IL o'clock p. IN. was
the first to see what was undoubtedly a
mirage. He die not understand 1t at an
ana became very une"sy. Running below
he called to me and said he thought that
The age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1897-1902, 1902-04-13
ASKS DEAD MAN TO WRITE.

From the Chicago Tribune.
Asking for a mans autograph after
ne is dead Is unquestionably less annoy
ing ON the part of the autograph fiend
than in asking for II in life. But that
such requests frequently are made Is
shown In the following letter, received by
the Tribune a few days ago:
Nashville, Tenn March %, 1902.-Mr.
Eugene Field Chicago nl-My Dear Sir:
have quite collection of autographs of
prominent people which / have termed
People Whom 1 Like, and Others. After
reading the Calico Dog and Bingham
Cat and 'Seein Things at Night l want
yours to put among the number. VIII
you. please write your name upon the in
closed card and mail to me. Thanking
you very sincerely for the favor and
wishing you all kinds of good luck. l am
very truly, DAN V. GERMAN"
Comment is unnecessary. unless one
might wish that Field, from the relm of
shades, might reappear in the flesh to an
swer the request as his spirit would
prompt him.
The age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1897-1902, 1902-04-13

/ mingham Mayor Drennen Will deliver an
address of welcome. Then Dr. Marechal
will deliver his annual address.
Wednesday night the annual grafton
will be delivered by DR.. e. B. Ward of
Selma, the orator for this year. 1t will
be followed by the Monitors address by
DIR. Jacob Huggin's Of Newburn. After
the exercises at the Jefferson theater,
where the speeches will be made. the JEFF
ferson County Medical Society will ten
der the visiting physicians n reception at
the Hillman hotel.
Thursday afternoon the Jefferson Coun-
ty Medical Society will entertain the
guests at luncheon at the Country Club,
which will be attended by a number OF
the prominent citizens OF Birmingham
and Jefferson county.
During the session Of the Association
the following papers will be read by
members
What precaution should be taken to
prevent the spread of infectious diseases
DR.. Glenn Andrews OF Montgomery.
Uric Acid, a factor In disease caution.
DR.. VIM. L. Dinsmore of Decatur.
The Medicine and Surgery of the Flu
ture, from the Standpoint of Sanitation
The age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1897-1902, 1902-04-13
SEW ERS.
Bessemer. Ala. March

Bessemer. Ala, March 90 1902
Sealed proposals will be received by the
Mayor and Board of Aldermen of the city
of Bessemer. Ala, at the office of the
City Engineer for constructing approx
mately sixteen and one-fourth Q6t4) miles
of vitrified clay pipe sanitary sewers and
appurt enances.
Forms of proposals, copies of specifica-
lions and schedules of approximate guam
titles may be obtained and plans and pro-
files seen at the office of the City En-
gineer.
The city will furnish all brick. pipe. iron
castings and flush tank fittings: all other
material to be furnished by the contrac-
tor.
titled cneck for one thousand $1,000
dollars must accompany the bid. Bond for
twenty thousand $(2O,OOO) dollars will be
required.
The right is reserved to reject any and
all bids.
VIM. ]. PARKES, City Engineer
3-30-to-4-20-su-wd
The age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1897-1902, 1902-04-13

eases of the eye. ear nose and thorat
r. NJ. Cunningham, NJ. D., professor of
principles and practice of medicine and
clinical medicine.
]. C. LeGrande. M. D., professor of
obstetrics.
Mack Rogers. NJ. D., professor of the
anatomy of osteology, Anthology and
myology.
E. p Hogan, A M. professor of chem
istry and toxicology.
Dyer F. Talley. M. D., assistant pro-
fessor of surgery.
Lewis c. Morris, NJ. D.. professor of
the anatomy of the vascular and nervous
system, brains visera.
Edgar A. Jones, A. B., NJ. D., profess
sor of histology, pathology, director of
the laboratory.
To be filled. professor of hygiene and
medical Jurisprudence.
F. a. Lupton. NJ. D.. professor of bac-
teriology. miscroscopy and director of
laboratory.
w. P. McAdory, NJ. D., professor of
physiology.
p. d. Parke, NJ D., professor of pedi-
atrics and hygiene.
The age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1897-1902, 1902-04-13

most prominent workers in the state
He will deliver an address Tuesday after
the addresses of welcome have been de-
livered. number of widely known ply
sieians from New York and elsewhere
will also attend the meeting
The first session will be open at -
o'clock Tuesday. Rev. j. P. McFerrin
will say the opening prayer, after which
an address of welcome on the part of the
Jefferson County Medical Society will be
delivered by DR.. Cunningham Wilson.
president of that organization. On be-
half of the city and the citizens of Biz
The age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1897-1902, 1902-04-13

the ship was near the beach. He said ne
could see the town of Hetteras showing
very plainly and we seemed to be quite
close to them. ,...~ -. .=s
II did not know what To. think unth
took a survey of things wondered at
first IL old Davy Jones had shattered our
six-ton mushroom ANCHOR. and was TAX
ing US in on the shoals. Things looked 30
upside down that took my deep sea
lead to get soundings. and was giad. IN
deed to find that the good old ship was
still in the channel, with thirty fathoms
Of water between her and the BOTTOM
The age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1897-1902, 1902-04-13
ARTISTS WRITE LETTERS.
Mr.. Haniin and Miss Clifford Show APP.
probation.

Two fac-simile letters have been repro
duced for the public from Mr. yamln
and Miss Clifford, who sang In the May
festival. in which they express their high
appreciation of the Mason & Hamlin and
Everest Pianos.
An Everett Piano is an instrument
which artists Hike to use. They also ex-
press their appreciation of the courtesy
of the e. Forbes Piano Company ex-
tended them through Vice President and
General Manager J. H. Hoicombe, who
never fail to accord visiting artists to
the city every colDtesy. "ss
The age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1897-1902, 1902-04-13

spect; tightly woven of birch splints re-
duced to mere threads, and is superior to
the California baskets not alone in point
of smallness. but in having a handle and
lid the latter affixed TO the basket pro-
per by a neatly woven hinge Miss Mac
Grotty's collection also includes an ear of
corn and a strawberry woven Of the same
material and colored with native vege-
table dyes. .-e.t
The age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1897-1902, 1902-04-13

The annual meeting of the Alabama
Medical Association will be held in Bir-
mingham this week, the fist session
opening at st. 'Pauls Hall, Tuesday.
April 10. The meeting will continue for
four days. during which the physicians
The age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1897-1902, 1902-04-13
Defense of MosouItoes.

A defender of the mosquito says the
great majority Of mosquitoes never taste
either human blood or that Of any animal
not having the opportunity, They live
animal and vegetable matter. found in
the localities where they are most runner
Gus and thus perform a. valuable servtcs
as natures scavengers. t.t5
The age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1897-1902, 1902-04-13
A Social Power

The Chatting Dish comes
into an informal function"
when the resources of music,
games and conversation have
been somewhat exhausted
a critical moment. 1t ban
ishes stiffness and formality,
brings people together in
twos and threes, and cements
friendships. If 1t were given
its due, perhaps the Chatting
Dish is the most persistent,
diplomatic matchmaker be-
meath the moon. Certainly
it has soothed the brow of
many a hostess-and bach
elor host. We have it in vari-
Gus styles and sizes, at prices
from $500 to $500.
The age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1897-1902, 1902-04-13

tDf Work of all kinds. We. do II
AnU here. at home, just ss we'll.
'nJ ACC just as cheap, and mere
UlHOC promptly. Why not give'us
the next order2 Roll1~ Wallpaper and
Art Store.
The age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1897-1902, 1902-04-13

Passenger and Division
Freight Office Southern Rail
way have moved to their
new Office, corner Morris
Hotel
The age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1897-1902, 1902-04-13

principles and practice Of surgery and
clinical surgery.
W. e. B. Davis, NJ. D., professor OF
gynecology and abdominal surgery.
B. G. Copeland, NJ D., professor of
surgical anatomy and clinical surgery.
L. G. Woodson NJ. D., professor of dis
The age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1897-1902, 1902-04-13

will be royalty entertained by the mem
bers of the Jefferson County Medical
Society
DR.. E. L. Marechal of Mobile, Is presi-
dent of the Association, and is one of the
The Nome nugget., 1902-01-22

Lendou, Oct. 24.--It has just leaked out that q call for volunteers will be made by the government. Wide spread perturbation has been the cause. The very unsatisfactory con dition of the south African war is said to be the moving cause. The inform ation is given that the volunteers must report soon for active duty.
 London, Oct. 24.-Pall Mall Gazette this afternoon says: "Orders have been received to hold every availa ble man in readiness to proceed on active service" Garrison totals 29,GOG men. The above is interpreted as meaning that the government is desirons of raassHing the public and mot as fare shadowing an immediate demand for the first army corps.
The Nome nugget., 1902-01-22

The following special dispatches from the outside are just as authentic as some of those published in the col umns of the "News." These came by the same route-the Hot Air--Over the Macaroni System. Limited. Olaf Jack son general superintendent. They speak for themselves:
 London, Jan. 3rd.-Great grief is felt here at the haSty and unwarranted action of General Lord Kitchener. in ordering the shooting of twelve of the prominent citizens of Cape Town as Boer sympathizers, which was followed by the fierce attack of the Burghers on the troops. resu ting in the loss of many lives and the capture of the entire ar tillery outfit, including guns; carriages, ammunition, etc. At last accounts the troops are entrenched in strongly fortified position, which the Cape Col onists are preparing toa,tack. Crowds
The Nome nugget., 1902-01-22
Sa:is Afss3iip Araund Ef!el
 Tower.
FAILS ID W!n PRIZE
The Distance Was to Have Been Covered Within c Spec fed Tine-s No Accidei.t Occurred, Gut lie Con stunned Too bluCh Tirue.

T'ar,s, Otr. l4.-.aut2, Dumont siate another attempt today to gain the prize of la00oo iranc, offered for the man who >ha!l succeed in E ing around the T. ifel tower in m air ship and accomplish the fea: in tiver nurnDrr of mint,ttS. In the preet nee of thousands of ~peop1H the intrepid aeronaut a,cendod gra"ptully into the air anl forged ahea3, describing a large circle lie completed the circuit without acc. ofany kind. but f.ilet Co 10 so within tEe time limit.
 Apr,paut Dum0nI has made a're'. p to gain he prize f'ercd by lhe Acr. club hall of which he oflcrd to give tt the poor cf Paris, if he won. He ai>c cried for hc Deut h prize- bat his. 4u1- der .krolle.nt,a cr.fi a, 'at
The Nome nugget., 1902-01-22
FRED hARDY'S
 ARMY RECORD
Convicted of Larceny in the Philip pines, lie Spent 2 Year at AlCa-
 .traz Military Prison.

Fred Hardy, the convicted wholesale murderer, seems also to be wholesa le liar. Hardy, when he was tried for the mnrder of Con Sullivan, claimed that he had served two years in the army in the Philippines, and that he had received Sl,S.5 m Sau Francisco last spring when he was paid off.
 District Attorney M,Glnn is in re- ceipt oi letter from General Young, Vancouver, Wash, in which the state ment is made that the army records show that one Fred Hardy was pri- .vate in Company B, Sixth infantry; that he was tried tor larceny at Bacolea NegroS, r. l.. in April, 1900, convicted and sentenced to two years. but the sentence was reduced to one year, which Hardy spent at Alcatra2 island, Cal.
The Nome nugget., 1902-01-22
HUNTER hND vEMT
 ARRIVE ln TOWN
victims of the Same Blizzard That Laid George A. Carpenter Low
 Both Are Doing We'll.

Charles Hunter and w. c. Nint. the companions of George \, Carpenter in fhe blizzard of January G. Oa the N0xa- poga divide. arrived in Nome Monday evening Pr. Ramsey, Whu ha>.g ven all the frost-bitten sufferers of jh@t section unremitting care and attention. arcon panied the men to Y me anl eSw that their frozen limbs We're properly cared for Cu route.
 Both Hunter and Nint are getting along nicely. Hunter will not lose any portion of his hands or feet, it is thought, while Vint may lose portions Of tgvu or three of his fingers. Hun e1 is at the home of r. o. Butler and is being treated b. Dr. Tiedennnn Vint iS also being cared for ny friends and 'Dr. Rlninger.
The Nome nugget., 1902-01-22
On October 24 New Points We're Being
 Made.
A Dark Showing Was Being Made Against Judge Moves end the Others Who Were Cited to Show Cause Why They Should Not Be Punished for
 Contempt Of Circuit Court.

court at Nome: w. II. Metson is an at- torncy of this city, Charles ;. Johnson was formerly judge Of the United States district court of Alaska: W. T. Hume is'a member of the law firm of Hubbard, Beemaa & Hume, and Mr. Naw4er was United States marshal at , the time of the disturbance there.
 F. $. Pillsbury, ami, u, curiae, aug- gesteG that the taking of testimony he postp poned until this morning at II o'clock, and the court so ordered. The defendants in the coatempt proceedings are Judge Arthur H. Moves, United States District Attorney Woods, ex- Congressman Thomas J. Geary and L. A. Frost, an attorney.
 The United States circuit court of i appeals has made an order consoliJat- ing all the contempt eases. so that sep arate examinations may be dispensed with, thus etfectipg d great saving ot time-
The Nome nugget., 1902-01-22

people who are there until spring. Prices have vanced, four eing $7.50 d sack. Coal oil and candles are scarce.
 John Barton went up on the tug Oriole last fall. As will be remem- bcred. the tugs Oriole and Reception and the Barge Nome City went ashore last fall near Cope Espenberg. A tidal wave, witch came along in De- cember lifted the ice and carried the tugs out in the straits and they have not been seen since. The barge was tossed askore some 30 miles from it's previous resting place. The loss of goods. which were cached on shore. by reason oi the ice carrying them away willtbe considerable.
 Hoifen x Young. who were freight ing the goods from the Large to b, er- ing. lest their team of horses in the ice.
The Nome nugget., 1902-01-22
BY THE HOT AIR ROUTE

of people surround the bulletin boards. and It is expected that Kitchener viii be recalled. and Lord Roberts sent once more to the front.
 The Hague, Jan. 3rd.-Oom Paul, "a being apprised of the recognition as belligerents, of the Boers, by Germany, proceeded to te First Vegetarian church, where he offered thanks. He then went to d barber shop and had his hair cut anl his whskers trimmed; it seems that Kruger vowed not to cut his hair or whiskers until he was sure of the victory of the Boers over the Eng fish. His action in this ma ter would indicate an all abiding faith in the ultimate succesS of the BOer armies. The barber gathered up he whiskers after Dom Paul had left, and carefully washing them. in d gold pan, recovered SlS.75 worth of gold dust, and two field mice.
The Nome nugget., 1902-01-22
CzCLeOLz DIED
 LIKE A COWARD
Murderer of President Mckinley Pays the Penalty of His Das-
 tardIy Crime.

Dawson, Nov. l.-CzolgO 2, the malr- derer of tresi eut Mckinney, died in the electric chair at HI a. m. on Tues day, October %. Dispatches say that he broke down at the last and showed The vigilance of his guards prevented from. making Sny attempt 'on his lie. Securely menacled, he was conducted t, the death chamber, and in the presence of a number Of witnesses the murderer of President Mckinney was electrOcuted.
 Pubic sentiment throughout tLe United States is to the effect that out ragged justice has been avenged.
The Nome nugget., 1902-01-22
BOers Raid Cape Town.

Cape Town, Oct. l7.-The invading body Of Boers have succeeded in march ing right through Cape Colony to the sea A commando of 300 men started at tine Transvaal boundary and march ing thr ugh the rich Greatberg river valley. They have reached HOpetield, in Saldanha bay, northwest of this place. In their march the Boels have secured number of new recruits. be- sides con-idera ble quantities of sup plies. General French is directing op- cautions against. them.
The Nome nugget., 1902-01-22
A Number Re6Ch Nome From
 the New Camp.
CANDLE VERY QuE1
No Money There and Business Is Pe!uk-SOme Claim Owners Pre- pairing to Do Prospecting on the ,cgeek-OutiO ak for Next Season.

A party of mushers reached .Nome fir m Candle creek during .tbe past lhree days. Among them are Rex E. Beach, J. J. Mckay, Hugh Madden, John Barton, w. r. Pilgrim. Tom .Crgwiey, Clarence Skates. $. A. Keller and A. McCamniant, a trader at the KOtZebue mission.
 Al 'of the mushers experienced hard straveling because of deep snow and scold weather.
 Mir. Beach says that the Candle creek country is promising, and he thinks there will be a good camp there. But he fears troubie and much litigation aOver Candle creek claims.
 "Men can see the gold in the -groun,!," he said, and It's like fight ing tor money Ill the bank Jumpers have taken possession of some of B.ankenship', claims, and proceedings ip eviction have been begun in the commissioner court. fhe claims were jumped because the jumper, alleged that.
 Blankensbip has more ,chims than he ought to have"
 Therefore it is that Mir. Beach thinks ttha, tbere will be lot, of liLlgat,on, and perhaps bioodshed. MT. Beach secured an abstract of Candle creek, and got hold of 2l fractions and claims.
 Baker X Long are preparing to open sup Candle.claim,with H thawing ma .chine, and other claims will be pros. .pected Us soon as the days get longer.
 MT. Beach thinks that Candle creek will develop winter diggings, as the ground is deep and frozen outside the creek bed. The indications are that the beaches are good, pay having been Hound on three claims, these being the .oniy claims that have been prospecled
 5. A. Keller says that Candle creek will be good for one season, at least because olthe gold found in the creek bed, but.the lermanency of the camp will depend largely upon what the benches develop. Mr. Keller went over into the Buckland c.Ilntry, where .a strike Was reported, as .a ready told in the NUGGET. but he found nothing
 w. F. Pilgrim says that the benches are likely to prove rich. lie took over l50 palrs of mukluks, but he sold onl! 6 jew pars. He say, thele.is no .nione. .at Candle and it was two or three da. before he "'got sig ht of a dollar" Thel ( is enough grub at Candle to last the
The Nome nugget., 1902-01-22
PERSnNAL.

Fart Wor.e., Of toanch City iS iu town.
 Joe King and wife Of Council City, are stopping at The Golden Ga4e hotel.
 Mrs. II F. held, who ha> been somewhat indjsposcd, l. rapidly rccov. ering.
 Dr. E. s. Gr;g,hy, who underwent m operation a few days ago. is doing nicely.
 D. w. Kh.g. Q mining man of the Kougarok and Arctic. i- in town. Mr King says that during the first week IH January the wind blew 50 miie- ao hour, with ,hs thermometer in the tft:a,.
 George <. Carpenter |, doing as well aS can be expected. No anputation of his fingers ha, yet been made, but they will probably be operated upon in a day or two. Mir. Carpen'er is suffering considerable pain and his rest is very much broken. Friends and the K nights of PythiaS club. of watch order Mr Ca"per ter is member, are minister rng U his warts.
The Nome nugget., 1902-01-22
WORLD OF SPORTS

San Francisco, Oct. l7.-At last has been decided the momentuous question .as to whom shall be given the. honor of refereeiug the big flight, to come off in this city next month, between the giants. Jeffries and Ruhlin. Cor bet. has been decided upon, and all parties to the contest have signed an agree ment specifically binding themselves to the appointment. Corbett has accepted the position, and, of course, the Cali- tornia public, with whom COrbett was always favorite, applauds the selec- tiOn.
 New York, Oct. 2.-Terry Nc. |-Govern has signed articles with young Corbett for aOAround championship contest to be decided -at hartford on Thanksgiving day.
 St. Louis, Oct 2l.-The gr' at tiRhl be- ween Duffy, of Ch cage. and Barry. Q! Canada [, ok plare today in this city. It was a most severe contest, and at the end of the fourth round the
The Nome nugget., 1902-01-22

San Francisco. Oct. S.-The Nome contempt cases came uP yesterday be- fore United States CommlsS Sioner Hea- cock, he having been requested by the United States circuit court of appeals to take testimony in the matter. The witnesses in attendance were G. V.
 Borchsenius, Sam C. Dunham, w. H. Nelson, Kenneth M. Jackson. Charles $. Johnson, w. T. Hume and Cornelius Vawter. Borchsenus was clerk of the
The Nome nugget., 1902-01-22
Canadian Officer Fined.

Skagway, Ct. 22.-Maior Primrose of the N. w. M. r. celebrated his ar .rival here by getting intoxicated. As .thesYesult of using insulting remarks the maJ0r was arrested and fine $l0
 The Alaskan and Times Of this place contain caustic re erences to the inci- dent. The Alaskan says tls at the maJ or insuited d prominent lady and ought to be put to work on the wood pile to try the experiments he administered 10 AnericauS