davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun., 1902-10-05
what might happen. and have been safe
roN ANDA HALF OF EXpLosINE DAILY

| Wnat might happen, ana have been safe
roS ANDA HALF OF EIpLosINL DAILY
There has been this same danger along
| he whole line ~ the subway and uptown
| there has been the additional one OF a chance
Of trouble due 10 blasting The rock II is a
fact that ill recently. when the bulk Of the
eXcavating was finished. q ton and half Of
| dynamite was used daily along the whole
length Of the subway.
Whom one comes to think of il Sa,d one
| of the engineers engag ged on he subway
we ha," been very lucky 10 get OF with
| only one disaster like that in Park avenue.
| If We finish without another. this will be
the most wonderful engineering work Of
is slz' on record in respect to tho acci-
| dents which have attended it
$50 far the Park avenue explosion has
been the one serious mishap, il the sagging
81 the walls Of buildings in hat section
| by which no one was hurt and for which
the owners have exacted compensat ion
he not taken into account Small water
pipes have burs, and made trouble for
day or Two and there have been minor ex-
plo-ions, hut on the whole the subway CON
tractors. hanks TO the precautions they
have AIKEN. have been fortunate"
TRAFFIC KEPT ALWAYS Open
When all is said. however. he great est
feat in this triumph, Of modern engineering
here. has been not 80 much in its com
paratiye freedom from fa'alt les. nor in
the rapidity with which it is being carried
to completion, though experts have warm
1. l.. II. 4
The sun., 1902-10-05
Elm and Allen and Houston and Canal

Elm and Allen and Houston and Canal
streets
Near Broadway. where il was me- ces.ary
that l. should he lowered To make way for
th" tunnel, il already ran at tide-water
level. A further drop was undesirable. TO
say the least, from an engineering point Of
view
The problem was solved by building an
entirely new sewer, which drained the dis
trict in the opposit" direction. Instead Of
dropping the old drain, already twclvo feet
below moan high water, this new one. seven
feet wid" in places, was constructed
II runs beneath Centre street. Mulberry
Bend Park and Oliver street. emerging in
a twin pulfall Just lclow the BROOKLYN
Bridge Thus, not only was tho difficulty
avoded. but u great improvement in the
city's general scheme Of drainage was
effected
SLIP WOULD HAVE MEANT CALAMITY
In itself this was no mean task. but il was
nothing to the great undertaking in which
II was mere side issue
The satisfactory set tlement Of the sewer
problem is one Of the feats upon which the
engineers can now look back with pleas.
ure. 1ha, work is all done. and il has been
don" we'll and without accident.
\ slip might have been the cause Of a
great nuisance and an epidemic Of disease
the consequences Of which would have
The sun., 1902-10-05
with only a Thin shcathing of concrete be-

with only rhin shcathing of concrete be-
tween
CSDER UNCLE SANS NAuLI>.
Under Mail street ihronged by nigh,
and Gay with Uncle Sans mail wagons
passes he loop around which the trains
will swing from the City Hall station back
to the Bridge. The vaults OF the Post
Ofice are underneath the street and the
rights in ii are owned by he United States
Government
By special permission the tunnel passes
beneath thea vaults. The bottom forty feet
below the surface, the roof level with the
floor Of tho vaults
In cases like this the vaults have TO be
underpinned and prol p,d up. just n great
building have had to he propred Up else
whore along the line of the subway That
process is familiar to any one who has
watched building operations elsewhere in
the city
II u a little novel though, Ia have il
carried out for vault far below ground
But whether in the case of buildings or
vaults. save In that one case in Park avenue
not serious subsidence has been noticed
in any important building along tho line Of
the subway.
Close records Of this nave bceu Keep,
aud the -Iccc~s Of the work in This respect
has been far beyond the expect atoms of
the contractors
WORK BELOW TiDEwArER
The last big difficulty in the work is now
The sun., 1902-10-05

being tackled downtown. Between How
AID and Franklin streets, the line Of the
subway runs eleven feet below I'D water
The contractor expecting a wet and a
hard job in the soft spongy material, saved
II for the slmu er months. But by keeping
the sides of the cutting sheat he'd in practi-
cally watertight partitions and running
four or five pumps night and day, even this
trouble Ia being satisfactorily conquered.
The rest OF the section is almost ready
for the rails and the cars. The station is
almost built and in few weeks the sur
face will I've prepared and there will be
nothing to show that a great engineering
feat has just been accomplished below
ground.
PASSING The PARK uNToCCHED
There are so many phases Of engineering
in this mid-cty tunnel, each to be dealt
with nmder the adverse condit ion Of a sur
rounding great popuat ion. that it would
be- a long il not dry story 10 cite he facts
in each
For instance, there il the passage under
the Harlem. where the tunnel is being
built in caissons sunk in the mud Of the
river bed. the top more than twenty feet
The sun., 1902-10-05
By c,unc,, Of the scpnt-c hmerran.

Harlem and The Bronx in 1904, has been
completed and the Rapid Transit engineers
the contractor and sub-contractors have
many Of their difficulties behind them
The back Of the greatcst engineering work
ever undertaken in this city has. 50 10 speak
been broken, and lho>n v ho are doing the
work can now look back upon the feaf-
they have accomplished.
Nothing like this has ever been attempt nd
here or anywhere else. 10 dig twenty
miles Of rai""ad tunnel through the heart
Of tho second city in the world. beneath It's
principal avenues Of travel, undorpInning
H. business buildings. homes and surface
railways and at the sam" tim" Interfere
a. little as possible with liz" daily life of
its 800, ,o0 Of Inhabitants. wa, 4 task which
tho engineers Of ha'l q con urv ago would
have he,,ta'"d To begin,
With modern appliances and equipment,
The sun., 1902-10-05

success Even when the difficulties were
increased in The rock helt by the necessity
for blasting, the running OF the cars has
never been DELAYED for more han an hour
or So
TREACuFRoUS SAND TO DIG IN.
Down in Park row this traffic problem
has been even more difficult than in the
rock sections The traffic il heavier there,
possibly, than anywhere else. for one hing.
Then there has been even less than the
usual opportunity for an open cutting,
for there is no space Ia spare But most
of all the material through which the tunnel
was cut has been even worse than solid
rock. 1t il shifting, treachsrous sand.
For every film Of soil removed a plank
has had to be placed al the side of the cut.
ting to keep the walls from sliding in. And
this wooden sheathing has had 10 be- al.
most watertght
II there had been left even a tiny hole
through which the sand could filter. for
every heap Of sand trickIcd through to
the floor Of the excavation there would
have been a corresponding void on the
wrong side of the partition, and sooner
or later a settling Of the surface. the con-
sequences of which would have been serious
skYsCRAPER FOUNDATIONS CUr OFT
II would have been the more serious
the work here is practically completed
now because the outer edge OF the tunnel
runs from twelve 10 fifteen fee, below the
foundations Of the big stone buildings
that is. all but the newest Of them In
some instances where tho vaults OF these
buildings extend out into the street II
actually runs beneath the vaults for
width Of twenty or twenty-five feat.
For instance, in one big building on Park
row an important daily newspaper is in
stalled Its presses are in tho basement
vaults and when they whirl oS the paper
al tho rate Of many thousands an hour
in the carly morning, these heavy presses
seem almost to shake the vault to anyone
within
Vet when they dug out the subway,
which extends for twenty feet or so be-
meath these vaults, the oxcavators were
within six inches of those presses The
rolls Of paper upon them nov actually
overhang tunnel fifteen feet in depth,
The sun., 1902-10-05

II i The opinion of engineers competent
To Judge such matters that il his schedule
is carried ont, the experts who have over.
seen and inc onractor- who have carried
oul thi1 gigantic task Of ,unnclling under
conditions never before set To engineers.
will have opened the twentieth century
with triumph of their skill uneQualled by
any " their craft who have gone bcfore
I Ia,
The sun., 1902-10-05
Peril. OPEN FOR MONTHS.

They moved it to the side Of the great
trench, fifteen feet above the bottom and
ten below the surface, end propp"d it up
there on a timber trcstle, supporting it with
huge wooden props and winding big chains
about it. The crazy foot bridges con-
Meeting the by-strects across tho eScava-
ton ran over it, huge buckets containing
The sun., 1902-10-05

tons Of sand and clay were swung over II;
tho big steam >hovcls worked alongside
\ heavy timber falling upon its exposed
length meant wreck. slight subsistence of
a prop or two. a tagging. and speedy ex-
plosion. Then there would have been a
disaster which would have undone half
the sub-contractor's work, brought him
The sun., 1902-10-05
SUBWAY TRIUMPHS.
Some Feats New York's
Engineers Have Done.
NO TASK EVER LIKE THEIRS.
Skyscrapcrs Pinned Up, Streets
Swung in Midair.

Only One Serious Accident TO Mar u
The Wonder " That Wuh such an
Undertaking IN the Midst OF Such a
Popula ton There Have Not Been More
The Difficulties Conquered ard the
Dangers Ncrtcd It's Present state.
A little more than three ffths Of tho
work on The now subway through which
downtown New York is to ba whirled To
The sun., 1902-10-05
GIANr wA1RRMArNs N THE WAY

been disastrous and far-relchng But
there was NO slip.
GIANr wAIERNATNs IN THE WAY
There was the job Of dealing with the
waternains That has been continuous
care, and u j. not over yet :, for ill the work
l. done and the surface restored there will
always be the danger Of damage 10 one Of
the>" mains
Take the big one the tunnel workmen
call "thc baby because it keeps them on
the 60 day and night. II runs along Elm
street from Great Jone' street 10 Chambers,
a huge iron cylinder three feet in diameter,
carrying torrent of water n a pressure Of
forty pounds TO the auuare inch. to the holse-
hclG- II hall the Wc~t Side + was within
"a fcw feet Of the surface and right al the
beginning Of the excavation il was laid
bare.
The sun., 1902-10-05

though, it has been not far from that
but practicable. AM now the greater part
Is done and the end is coming very near.
Twenty-one of the thirty-fvc millions of
dollars Appropriated for the work have
been spent. and between five and six thou--
and workers have been benefited thereby,
But before the subway reach"d its present
stage a long series Of eng in"ering problems
has been solved and a heap Of difficulties
overcome, The theory of tn" tunnel. whol
set out in general terms did not seem such
a big thing but coming right down to de-
tails ard carving the Job through wasn't
80 easy.
l'lI GRf,I SE"tR rRorLEW
t,l,t of all. The Sr,,,r problem had L.
be tackled Crossing Manhattan borough
from river 70 river, and directly in the line
OF the -ubNay's path, ran. not one, but
icorcs of little sewers and tcn or a dozen
big ones Before 1t VA, po-slll" even to
begin digging 'hn subway these had 10 lie
Got o'It uf III" Wav.
In sonle oa~c-. ~ r.. taos" oI he grea'
Ri"ecker street aud Fourteenth stree:
sewers ca"h more than ,iN Feet N diameter
ar1 not TO u" chok"d e'cu for an hour. this
was done 10y going back along the line ol
'ho sewer east ana west Of the crossing
point and lowering II 20 that + Nouid pas
beneath ,ho subway
This had 10 be done. OF course, by build
ing the lew conduit fra and Dropping up
'nc old one. rh"n whom all vas ready III"
ends could ," ,incd, ia" nov diverted,
and 'l" Old dra,n "p'ld l' removed
NILES or DRAlNAGt TURNED ASIDE
HH 'l7rr hay" b"rn instances in which
., .p"l III no h." dC'I" There wa~ the
'a Canal Srrc"' sewer
]. ran from tho East Side beneath Canal
'"'' - thr Nol'h River, draining tn"
., 'ale laiI. VI teRcnlents packed between
The sun., 1902-10-05
Folks who Get Tha, T,red Feeling

find that melancholH i. driven away by
reading the human interest stories which
appear only in rHE StS AID THE EyESING
Fl n ADJ
The sun., 1902-10-05

success Even when the difficulties were
increased in the rock helt by the necessity
for blasting, the running OF the cars has
never been delayed for more than an hour
or SO
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1902-10-04
ouN's TRADE REVIEW
Prosp sets Are Bright for Continued he-
LiNiLM IL lndusiria Lines.

Prosp sets Are Briaht for Continued Ac-
Eu;tv il lndustriaI ines.
W. w - q ~ =,
New YORK oetoher ak. '" puh ~ ?
weekly review Of trade viii say: Dlstribu
u., ~ ,,orcbapl,sr sbovvs pe djn,ip,ttiou
'iD', ~ 49, ."i t.,.,,, -. co,tlnnad NJ,
"uu pt"Sp''' ~ "a ~ - ~. -,
tvity Dealers In many lines arc urgent
for nrompt SHIPMENTS calling upon jobbers
t ,,,,,,r,,,t,, rors. for ponda atrcodv over.
ana hlanuu'l"ieis' i"l sV'u' az -, 49,
due western reports arc especlalM iANo
brought distinct Improvements az the Sonlu'
Tie labor situation ! more sallsIaciorS'
although not entirely ilee rom c,'n.IoA',,'Sih
Transportation tacllltIeS nav ,i W., i i.i
tho coke region, Whtre congestion was ~
coming severe ana railway earnlnEs tIuss
Jar reported, for september cNceeu iast
years by ~ per cent .t..,,... ,...,,,.. ,,,,,
signmcnta Of coke any lherc Is less I'm ia,
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1902-10-04
4. N. Wisnet,s lnifor

Houston Texas. October ai--Iiyerrool i,
d,,o ~ ~ : btoh., ,o.,,r.,,,,. .,,a mn
- N'-nVi tVtuoit'N ""u 'u'''
attitude VIII IN great measure determine
the course Of American markets.
Tho bureau average Of IS a is lowest on
-, -, -. , - = y.
record ana even UNDER most favorable con.
uluons uoVs ny ptu ilg comm ouiiiHeltl .l
Mvp q u,er $4,000 ~. 49,, oulIs' mn VIZ,
S,.us ny, ~ AZ sneiJa MHs - uih Cy3tvi lat'
TOW ronsVL htlNt SetlIlnnlts ~ fpuauWVtiNN
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1902-10-04
FoIloMlng VOC 40 rnlInr rrIces.
NEW ORLEANS.
Especial to The post1


New Orleans. October 3. There was a
brisk demand for rough rice today with
actual trading ON a broader scale than for
some time past Prices were very firm ON
top lines. Offerings Of these latter were
well absorbed. Slime little trading In Ja-
puns was reported but the movement was
light and confined to the better grades.
Clean rice was active and firm, with prices
well maintained No receipts from rnun.
try mills were reported
Receipts. 6l20 sacks Of rough and no
pockets Of clean Sales GS07 pockets of
clean aud S6l2 sacks Of rongh. OF which
S326 sacks were Honduras and 2SG sacks
domestic japan
Clean rice Honduras active; head
tAmlSs straights 36i47s: screenings oda3
No. . l5sd2. Japan artivc: head 3AG4;
sIraightS 3&d3SS' screenings 2@2%; No, =
lAd2; actual sales iJsM5lg
Rough rice Honduras in good demand at
2o0diol, with actual sales at 2O0d3al.
Japan In good demand ut 2.T5G3.JO with
actual sales al 3 i0ff3.3J
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1902-10-04
k,yIrsT MONITOR YEAR.
HOG PRICES NEAR TOP,
Furnished Big Share Of ouaran
=. supply--lncressins Average in
W Weight Of Hogs.

k.,.v,ns September conditions the Ma
Tive stock Reporter says:
{..,,a cattle receipts during September
- 70 30.s1s head against 26, 1913 In
~, showing gain OF 4o20 head. 1t
Y IN s,so the largest months receipts Of
hives this year.
~. aollsrs hundred was the top Of the
l W. steer market during the month
IhrIAa,nlssa,ber. Cows aud heifers sold up
4 TX ard calves brought as high as Ills
4 head. ,r. ,,,hto, ,oo,. -.
Nv pAl ast month almost carried the top
~ ~ he highest point Of the year. 1t
v,rissed by only a hundred pounds.
-. beine \ %. against S25 paid during
saess al July 10 and 10
.s,.- set,tember, Texas furnished 0SS
VI Inc quarantine cattle supply at this
~ indian Territory 2407 cars, Arkan-
"A & ears. Mississippi 10 cars, Tennessee
csrs, Louisiana z cars and Oklahonia -
= X proved the largest month Of the
#.l rattle receipts during September
Il "A ia e26 head. These were the neav,
<& months receipts this year, July hold
"a .ho distlnctioa previously With an ag-
.csfe 81 10000 head.
S illustration Of the increasing average
4 ehf n hogs * Afforded by comparison
H me average weight Of hogs and pigs
t..,ae mo months of January and Septem
ID hnrlne the first month of the year, the
'tviest hogs averaged $50 pounds aud the
~ t0S pounds. Last month the average
fsht Of hogs above 100 pounds was 2i3
ftds and the average weight OF the pigs
"a l24 pounds,
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1902-10-04
MoRLn,s VIsIeLE suPPLY.
The Total Sales on Hand Amount /,
aSR 1oi

,9SSi Z v
New Orleans. October 8 Secretary lies
ter's statement OF The worlds Visible sup
ply ~ cotton. made 40 from special cable
and telegraphic adriceS, compares the hg
urcs Of this wcek With last week last year
and the gear before II shows On increase
for the week lust closed df i1i,i54 pales.
against an Increase Or i5T,4Ia last year
and an increase Of 25o,0e1 tho year before.
The total visible is t,aSs, III, against 17B,t.
CO.. last week. 1919, T20 last year ard Less.
24G wear before last uf this the total OF
American cotton is I, 496. III, against l,3tO..
6BT Inst week. lisa, T2p last year and aiR
246 year before last; and NJ all other Xmas,
Including Egypt, Brazil, india etc, AZ, We,
against 100000 last week, 460,UD last year
aud 4i2.OGo year before last.
The total worlds visible supply Of cot.
ton shows an increase compared With last
week Of III, Asa bales, an Increase compared
With last year Of 2SS,3O aud an Increase
compared with year before last Of 2Tp, SIS.
of the worlds visible supply or cotton as
above there Is now atloat and held In Great
Britain and continental Europe l,O30.OD
against 752,000 last year. and T2SO00 year
before last IN Egypt 1900 against So.
COO last year aud 42OOO year before last
In India 2l5.OOo, against 10000 last wear
and 200OO0 year before last: and IN the
United states 626,uOo. against iQa 0C0 last
year and 619,OO0 year before last
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1902-10-04

tivcs of the Imperial Tobacco cnmpuny ~
England ON the our hnnd aHd the COnsnll.
dated Tobacco company on the other hand
was mutunl w It's nature ana entirely salts
factou- ON both SIDES The aprpemrut
mcaus tho union Of large interests Ia Amer.
lea ana England Ia seek business baud IA
hand throughout tho Wnrd
"Aiy Visit TO london grew nut of an In
Nitntiou extended ~ INC IN July last by tho
directors " HE B~itish company. The
agreement made to Transfer 10 the Inn
pcrial Tobacco company tho business Of tho
Consolidated company IN Buglnnd WIS made
for full nnt satisfactory considerations rh'
American compnuy becomes q large share
holder IN the English company, With three
representatives. on its board OF directors.
onn Of whom Is Mr., Duke.
rho Consolidated Tobacco company viii
pursue it's business IN the American iicid
including not only the United states. bnt
Cuba. Porto Rico, the Hawaiian Islands and
ihe Philippines. without competition from
The English company, Tho Imperial com
pauY VIII not encounter the competition uf
The American company IN the business of
the united Kingdom The board nf dircc
tors cOnsiStH ~ SIX representatives OF the
British company aud twelve Of the Amer.
lean with Mr.. Duke ps its president, who
rcmaius abroad to perfect this organization.
This British American company viii take
over The entire business ~ tho Imperial
company and the Consolidated company In
the colonies ~ Great Britain, including
England, Canada aud Australia.
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1902-10-04
NEW YORK COTTON.
The Bureau Report Sent Prices Very
Near the Top Notch.


New York. october 3-The cotton market
opened steady wleh prices . to points
higher ON moderate general buying and
then worked mp an additional point or two
on demand from Wall street bulls and the
more nervous room traders. Later, how
ever. the whole Hist cased OF to the close
of yesterday,
dust before ~ o'clock there was n sharp
break to S. - for January undcr move
ment 10 liquidate based Oh fear of con.
dillon over 90 per cent In The governuient
hureau Then came the announcement Of
IS & on which the shorts scrambled for
cover and the bull leaders fought 20 gain
the former suprenaet Br the rest o.
tho session n battle royal was fought out.
with the mel results showing the bulls hud
had much the better Of the position. All
throueh the afternoon the market displayed
!, Tendency 10 work upward January selling
repeafedly at o 20. or within points Of the
preyious top notch Of the season thus far.
Tommigsion houses became vigorous ana
ibe winter remote deliveries the South and
some foreign interests sent buying orders
M Tic fan deliveries. Total sales estimated
az pSncrt rlearanees were again large,
thoush somewhat less than the total port
refeists Private spot market news re'
aacted increased strength on more ar
bltrary attitude Of holders
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1902-10-04
H. & 9. Beers Letter.


New Orleans, October 3.-The bureau
makes the general average condition during
September s. per cent, against 81 4 last
year. decrease IL 81 pdints. ar about >
per cent less on acreage condition 81 81 I
last year and practically the saric acreage
The bureau on December last made an
astnate Of g,6OOOO bales and the outturn
was about iO.6DOO0O, or i,0nO.Olu over us
estimate; therefore Il on q condition of 81 I
last year the bureaus estimate was $500.
oOO on a condition of aS.8 Il ought To hc Z
per cent less Indicating an estimate 81
h12OO0p. However, MS we know he WELD
last year was i0.6OO0u0 on condition an
6i consequently on 5s.3 Il would point 10
a crop Of per cent less, or iO.O7do0O ne.
cor1ihe 10 the bureau, being about loo.
0oD over tho estimate 81 ~ 120,0OO. IN other
words making due allowance for exaggern
ton. the bureau on the face of the refurng
points TO crop Of only Io.0T0OOO. These
igures are dscredlted by large operators.
vet the rank aud hle believe tnoy nrr Az
proxlmately correct. 1t viii now depend
on what construction Europe will piaco
on the report. Nevertheless, with the frost
period fast Approaching and the continna.
lion Of heavy damaging rains 10 Texas,
coupled n the worst burean ever issued
We continue to think Wei Of burine on aii
breaks and taking profits on strong per
cents II. B. Beer.
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1902-10-04
REVIEW OF TRADE CONDITIONS

sgainst ooa.eoI last year an increase Of
Si5S0a
Northern Mill takiprs' and Cauada dur.
Ing the past srtcn dSts show 4 decrease
~ 620 rs compared With The corresponding
pcriod last year aud their total takings
since September have Increased 2s 7Oi.
The total iakings 81 American mills North
aud South and Cannda thus far for tho sea
son have been go SCI. avaiust 27kOSD
last wear 1hcSt inripdc ie5.5a3 10y Nurth
crn spinnhfs; hsaiist % MI.
stocks al tic scaitard and tho twenty.
hiue leading Southern Interior ccntrrs
have Increased during the week 9eain
bales against an Increase during the ssui,,
nerind last season ~ fo.ST3 aud arr now
a. 8S larger than az this date n inOi
inrludihg stocks left OYER az ports and
number OF bales brought Into sight thus
far for the new cron the supply TO date
Is tG1a.sid aEaihst i.25pei7 for the same
befiod for thc last wear.