Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1902-10-27
David Lawrence e Co, Ltd.
Removed 70 ALEXANDER YOUNG BUILDING

science, and every farmer is an expert
menter to greater or less extent. New
questions are continually arising and
the intelligent agriculturist answers
them by putting such questions to the
soil or crops themselves. Every farm
is chapter in the open book of ma.
ture. and. at Kamehameha these chap.
tiers have been divided into several
paragraphs. some of which may be in
,teresting and suggestive.
Our whole farm has been plotted and
the different fields designated A care.
full record is kept of all operations such
as clearing, filling, sowing, varieties,
their source. cost, time of maturity
and quality and quantity Of the prod
uct. Variety tests are constantly un-
der way and these test the seasons and
benefit of rotation. Much good, | think,
has resulted In practical as well as In
an educational way. With the new
school year we have taken up fertile
ing experiments in connection with
methods Of cultivation, irrigation and
drainage. and we are planning a sys-
tematic fight against insect pests for
the coming season. We are fortunate
In having the critical trade of the
schools, and many valuable lessons in
neatness, cleanliness and promptness.
cardinal principles in the Selling OF
vegetables. are being taught the boys.
and must prove usefel to them in after
life.
Not the least our vegetable garden
has taught us is that here is work and
study for lifetime, a work in which
no man is too high or too low to par
ticipate.
j. T. Crawley dealing with "rhe
Fertilization of Fruits and Vegetables"
presented the following paper:
J. T. crawley's Address.
In presenting a paper on the fertile.
irG Il 'ru'tE aCd veg+tab.'S. YOU will
naturally expo NE to direct attention
particularly - Hawaiian conditions,
giving examples of the experience
from our own people; Int just there
find very cl1re limitations. While
q great deal he's been done in other
countries tow1rl find out the best fer
filters for these crops and the best
time ard methods of application, and
a great deal has been written on the
subject, very little has been done in
Hawaii. Most of the work here has
been done on the sugar cane. and al.
most all of the literature bears on
that subject.
Work at Wahiawa.
Right here at Wahiawa you have
done more work along that line than
the people OF any other section. and
my knowledge of the actual effects
and results of fertilizers has been oh.
tanned largely through you. But we
can add knowledge Of results obtain.
ed In other countries to specific stud.
les of Hawaiian soils and climate, and
this will indicate the line along
which the fruit and vegetable grower
must work.
In seeking for formula for a fer.
tilizer to be used, there are three ques.
tons taht must be answered-U The
nature of the soil; (2) the climate;
(3) the product to be grown.
Varieties and Differences.
There is probably no place in any
other agricultural region where there
are greater varieties of soil and differ,
ences In rainfall than on the Hawaiian
Islands. In the high lands you get a
large rainfall, heavy vegetation, often
sour soil, and usually a soil filled with
organic matter. This soil is usually
very retentive Of water, the particles
, are large and course, and much Of the
soluble lime has been washed out. The
soil ON the lower levels Is not subject
to the great rainfall, is not as retent,
i've of water, is usually very fine grain
ed and contains more of the easily sol
uble ingredients. We usually look for
four elements in a soil in determining
its value for agricultural purposes
namely. lime, phosphoric acid. nitro
gen and potash, and these are the ele
ments supplied in artificial fertilizers
/ The soil of Wahiawa is a very good
type of the red soil SO abundant on the
Islands and which, as rule, is very
productive. The elements above men
toned are found in fairly liberal guam
titles.
Practice and Theory.
Theoretically we should add to the
coil inst thnEa pInmnnta which tho
crops take of, and in the same proper.
ton. For example, II crop takes of
fifty pounds OF lime from an acre OF
soil each year it would seem that fifty
pounds OF lime should be given back,
, But practically there are reasons
which prevent the application of this
theory, the chief of which Is that the
water of irrigation and rainfall may
carry OF much more OF these ingre
dents than the crop itself, and in diff
ferent proportion, Again, the elements