davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The L'Anse sentinel. (L'Anse, L.S., Mich.) 18??-current, 1902-09-06
RUINoUs EARTHQUAKES.
Series 70 Seismic Disturhan ices In IL
lsnd II Mindanao-Many NaS
tives Killed. "A

Washington, Aug. 28.-The war de-
partment has received q cablegram
from Gen. Chaffee, at Manila, report
quakes on the Island of Mindanao.
Twenty persons were killed by falling
walls. the victims all being Moros. The
Americans in the vicinity escaped and
the dispatch says there were no re-
ports that any of the soldiers occupy
ing that portion of the island affected
sustained any injuries. The upheaval
occurred in the country adjacent to
the Lake of Lanao, in the Moro sec
ton of the island, near Camp vickers,
which is now the headquarters of tho
American forces stationed in Min
danao.
Gen. Chaffee's cablegram says the
mountains and rivers and other
streams were considerably disturbed
and much damage was done. The ex-
tent of the damage, however, was not
reported. It is presumed here that
the seismic shocks occurred about Ave
days ago, though the date is not men
toned in the dispatch.
This is the first serious earthquake
reported from that country during
American occupation of the Philip
pines. The most important previous.
seismic disturbance in Mindanao was
the one that partly destroyed Palak,
Kota-Batu, and the village on the
banks of the River Mindanao in 1879.
This phenomenon closely followed the
eruntiou ~ the vo1ca I, N ~ Mo 10 tur;r
Gen. Chaffee also cabled that the
military situation in that section re-
mains quiet and unchanged. No at
tacks have been made on the Ameri-
can forces at Camp Vickers since the
last report, which was cabled eight
days ago.
The L'Anse sentinel. (L'Anse, L.S., Mich.) 18??-current, 1902-09-06
TRAGEDY IN NEW YORK.
Jealous Tailor Murders . Man and .
Woman and Then Takes
His Own Life.

New York. Aug. 2s.-Lizzie Otto,
formerly Of Stroudsburg, Pa, Ar
thur Campbell, of this city, and Chris
tian Cans, government tailor at Fort
Hancock, are dead as the result of q
tragedy which took place Wednesday
in the apartments of the woman in
East Twenty-fifth street, where she
was known as Lizzie Hall. The wom-
an and Campbell, it is believed, died al
most instantly. Cans died in Bellevue
hospital Wednesday night. 1t is said
by the police that Cans shot the wom-
an and Campbell because he objected
to the presence of the latter there.
Then he fired bullet into the base OF
his brain, striking the spinal cord.
The L'Anse sentinel. (L'Anse, L.S., Mich.) 18??-current, 1902-09-06
The Precious Metals.

Washington, Aug. 26.-George Z.
Roberts, director Of the mint, has is
sued his final estimate of the produc-
ton of gold and silver in the United
States during the calendar year 1901.
Mr.. Roberts statement shows that
during the year the United States pro-
duced 3,s05,500 ounces Of gold, valued
at $7s,666, 700, a decrease of $504, 300,
or 0.636 per cent, as compared with the
yield of 1900. The silver yield for 1901
amounted to 55,214,000 ounces, of the
commercial value of $33, 12s, 400, which
was 2,433,O00 ounces, or five per cent.
less than IL was in 1900.
The L'Anse sentinel. (L'Anse, L.S., Mich.) 18??-current, 1902-09-06
A NOVEL TRIP.
Youthful Chicagoans Reach New
York by Way Of Lakes and
Rivers in q Canoe.

New York, Aug. 2s.-James Wallace
and E. R. Parsons, aged 81 years,
clerks in the Office of the Royal Insur-
ance company in Chicago, arrived in
New York Wednesday morning after
a canoe trip from Chicago by way of
the lakes, the Erie canal and the Hud-
son river. They left Chicago on July
20 in a 13-foot open canoe, carrying a
small supply of provisions and tent.
They padded down the east shore of
Lake Michigan, the west shore of Lake
Huron, and the southern shore of Lake
Erie to Buffalo. Both Wallace and
Parsons are members of the naval
militia of Chicago. They will go back
to Chicago by rail.
The L'Anse sentinel. (L'Anse, L.S., Mich.) 18??-current, 1902-09-06
Naval Chanres.

Washington, Aug. 2s.-The navy de-
partment announces that Capt. Colby
M. Chester will succeed Capt. Charles
II. Davis as superintendent of the
naval observatory. Capt. Davis will
be placed in command of the battleship
Alabama, as the successor of Capt.
Willard II. Bronson, who, in turn, will
succeed Commander Richard Vain
wright as superintendent of the naval
academy at Annapolis. Commander
Wainwright will be assigned to the
command of the protected cruiser
Newark, when she goes into commits
sion October Is.
The L'Anse sentinel. (L'Anse, L.S., Mich.) 18??-current, 1902-09-06
THE FRATERNALIsTS.
Delegates from Many Organizations
Gather In Denver for the Ma
tional Congress.

Denver, Col, Aug. 26.-The opening
of the annual convention of the ma
tional fraternal congress, embracing
Sc societies and 100000 members,
scheduled for Monday, was post
poned until to-day, as the national
officers and more than half the dele
gates did not arrive until late in the
day. One of the principal questions
which will be considered by the con-
vention is the proposed reduction Of
the insurance rates. The congress
some time ago established schedule
making the minimum rate 93N cents
per $1,000 at age of FL. The Modern
Woodmen of America, IL is said, will
make an attempt to have this figure
still further reduced.
The L'Anse sentinel. (L'Anse, L.S., Mich.) 18??-current, 1902-09-06
FIVE DROWNED.
hewbost Filled with Employees OF the
Battle Creek SanAtarium Struck
by . steamer.

Battle Creek, Mich. Aug. 2s.-Five
employees of the Battle Creek sani-
tarium, nurses, probationers and
stenographers, were drowned at Lake
Goguac Wednesday evening as a re-
suit Of collision between the
steamer Welcome and rowboat con-
tanning party of young people.
Those drowned were: Mr.. Bennett,
Dallas, Tex; Fannie Brady, Battle
Creek, Mich; Mabel Ricard, Traverse
City, Mich; Ella Dorsey, Allegheny,
Pa; Fanny Willis, North Toronto, Ont.
Carrie Fyock, Of Johnstown, Pa, chung
to the boat, and was the only one
saved.
The L'Anse sentinel. (L'Anse, L.S., Mich.) 18??-current, 1902-09-06

queer ConAition Of Affairs Along the
Afississippi River-Both High ahA
Low Water Danger0us.

Keokuk, Ia, Aug. e7.-An unprece-
dented state of affairs exists on the
Mississippi river as result Of differ
emit meteorological conditions in diff
ferent portions of its valley. Lumber
interests are approaching paralysis
from low water on the higher
stretches Of the river, and manufac-
turing interests are losing heavily
from high water just above st. Louis.
Great alarm exists among river men
around Dubuque, where the stage Of
water is only about two feet, the low
est mark reached for years. The river
fiuctuates up and down with the fall
ings greater than the rises, and the
stage Tuesday morning at La Crosse
was only 6-1O feet at the government
gauge, with 27-10 feet as far down as
Davenport. The general belief among
lumber men is that the present season
will be the shortest in 20 years. The
Dubuque mills have supply of logs
for only week or two, and until a
marked rise in the river comes they
must shut down. The same conditions
exist in cities on that part of the river
farther down. The forecast of the
weather bureau is for continued fall
ing of the river.
ION the other hand, the river below
the mouth of the Des Moines river has
been high all summer. At Hannibal
1t is seriously interfering with dredge
building in the Burlington route yards
and one big dredge building for that
railroad is under water. Various fac
tories are disturbed by the high stage
Of water on the lower part of the up
per Mississippi, and each smart rise
causes fears of flood damage.
The L'Anse sentinel. (L'Anse, L.S., Mich.) 18??-current, 1902-09-06
Must Pay Fines.

Manila, Aug. 2s.-Frederick Dorr.
the proprietor, and Edward O'Brien,
the editor Of Freedom, recently con-
victed of sedition, have been fined ST.
900 without imprisonment. A. R. Dorr,
manager Of the paper, was fined SIS.
Dorr and O'Brien were each sentenced
August rs to six months in Bilibid
prison, and were fined $1,000 for libel
ing Benito Legarda, a native member
of the Philippine civil commission.
The L'Anse sentinel. (L'Anse, L.S., Mich.) 18??-current, 1902-09-06
KING VISITS EMPEROR.
IL welcomed ON His Entry
TO Berlin.

Berlin, Aug. 29.-The entry Of King
Victor Emmanuel into the city Thurs
day and his drive through the Inter
den Linden was advanced purposely
half an hour ahead of the published
time as a precaution against possible
disorder. Consequently the great
crowds which were packed into place
an hour before by the police at the
Brandenburg gate were astonished by
the arrival at brisk trot Of gor-
geous cavalcade, surrounding a six
horse carriage in which sat Emperor
William, a small man in dark uniform,
pulling at blond mustache. The car
riage stopped and the crowds ceased
cheering in order to see what would
happen. The chief burgomaster, Herr
Kirschner, advanced and read an ad-
dress of welcome from a parchment
scroll Behind the burgomaster stood
bareheaded a hundred representatives
of the city in evening dress. The read
ing was over in less than a minute.
The Italian king then returned to the
German emperor and asked him II he
should reply. The emperor shook his
head negatively and the king there
upon shook hands with Herr Kirschner
and thanked him.
A deputation Of young ladies adj
vanced on the other side of the car
riage and gave the Italian king bunch
of roses. He smiled, bowed, buried his
face in the blossoms. handed the bou-
quet to lackey and the cavalcade and
carriage swept through the gate and |
down Inter den Linden to the castle, |
three quarters of mile away. On I
one side of the thoroughfare cuiras-
siers, dragons and lancers lined up |
two deep, made glittering barrier Of |
color. while on the other side the
peoples view was unmolested except |
by extraordinary numbers of police !
standing with their faces towards the
spectators. The cheers of the people
were spontaneous and really cordial. (
They seemed so to Gems. Corbin and !
Young and their party, who had a row
of good windows. The American off,
GERS admired the splendidly horsed
cavalry more than anything else. The
show was over in a few seconds.
Shouting and the successive crashings
of bands placed at intervals between
the squadrons of cavalry marked the
progress of the king and the emperor
down the avenue. Their majesties later
drove to the italian embassy for
and then again to the castle
in order to receive the diplomatic
corps.
The L'Anse sentinel. (L'Anse, L.S., Mich.) 18??-current, 1902-09-06
THE COLOMBIAN TROUBLE.
City of Ciudad, Capital Of state Of
Bolivar, Bombarded-Many
Are Killed.

Caracas, Venezuela, Aug. 27.-Ci-
udad, Bolivar, capital of the state of
Bolivar, has been bombarded by a
Colombian government warship and
many persons were killed or wounded.
The place has large British popula-
ton and the British subjects have re-
quested that warship Of Great Brit
ain be sent for their protection. 1t is
alleged that atrocities have been COM
mitted at Ciudad, Bolivar, by both the
government troops and the revolu-
tionists.
The L'Anse sentinel. (L'Anse, L.S., Mich.) 18??-current, 1902-09-06
Honor to Dead Heroe..

Helena, Mont, Aug. 29.-After ly.
ing in unmarked graves for rs years,
the bones of Fl soldiers who fell in
the last battle with the Nez Perces
Indians, near the Bearpaw mountains,
are to have reared above them q
suitable monument, and the spot will
become a national park. Gen. Miles
commanded the soldiers, and upon
his request the interior department
has withdrawn the land about the
spot from entry. The next congress
will be asked to create Bearpaw q
national park and erect a monument.
The L'Anse sentinel. (L'Anse, L.S., Mich.) 18??-current, 1902-09-06
AGREEMENT SIGNED.
Completion of the Tariff Negotiations
Between United States
and China.

Washington, Aug. 26. = Word has
been received here that the Chinese
commissioners at Shanghai have
signed the agreement drawn up by T.
S. Sharretts providing for the substi-
tuition of specific for ad valorem du-
ties on imports entering China. Mr..
Sharretts is now on his way to this
country with the treaty. The docu-
ment will not require action on the
part of the United States.
The L'Anse sentinel. (L'Anse, L.S., Mich.) 18??-current, 1902-09-06

vatican of the organization of a schis-
matte Catholic church in the Philip
pines. The vatican processes not to
attach much Importance to the move
ment, and declares it cannot develop
under the leadership of persons
whose sole reason for organizing is
because they are accommodated
from the Catholic church."
The L'Anse sentinel. (L'Anse, L.S., Mich.) 18??-current, 1902-09-06
Both. to Succeed kruger.

London, Aug. 26.-Cabling from
Brussels, the correspondent Of the
Daily Telegraph says he hears that
as a result of the conferences be-
tween former President Kruger and
the Boer generals, De Wet, Botha and
Delarey, Mr.. Kruger Is to resign the
leadership of the Boer people. Gen.
Botha, adds the correspondent, was
unanimously designated the future
leader of the Beers.
The L'Anse sentinel. (L'Anse, L.S., Mich.) 18??-current, 1902-09-06
Have Reached berlin,

Berlin, Aug. 2s.-Maj. Gen. Corbin
and Maj. Gen. Young, of the United
States army, who, with Brig. Gen.
Wood, are to attend the army ma
neuvers, their aids, and Mrs. Corbin
and Mrs. Johnson, arrived here
Wednesday. His majesty has init
mated through the United States en-
bassy that he will be pleased to re-
ceive the American generals in audi
ence at an early date.
The L'Anse sentinel. (L'Anse, L.S., Mich.) 18??-current, 1902-09-06
Mated Indian niea.

Guthrie, Okla, Aug. 26.-Old Bull. an
Omaha Indian chief. who was q sur
viyor Of the wars waged against the
Indians by Gen. Custer. is dead at the
Arapahoe Indian agency at Coly. He
was in the Custer battle at the Little
Big Horn in 1875 and afterward en-
tered the regular army. serving until
retired on account of age.
The L'Anse sentinel. (L'Anse, L.S., Mich.) 18??-current, 1902-09-06
I.ruea stilI Chempion.

Newport, r. l., Aug. 2s.-For the
third time in eight years English aspira-
tions for the highest American tennis
honors in singles have been dashed
when they seemed almost within reach
of the persistent foreigners for on
Wednesday william A. Larned, OF Sum-
init, N. j., successfully defended his
title as champion by defeating Reg
inald F. Doherty, of England, three
sets TO one.
The L'Anse sentinel. (L'Anse, L.S., Mich.) 18??-current, 1902-09-06
SENT TO THE PHILIPPINES.
The Pope Names Mgr. Guidi a. Apos-
toilc Delegate to the
Islands.

Rome, Aug. 29.-Mgr. Guidi has been
appointed apostolic delegate in the
Philippines.
Mgr. Guidi is expected to hasten
his departure for Manila in conse-
quence of information received at the
The L'Anse sentinel. (L'Anse, L.S., Mich.) 18??-current, 1902-09-06
Operation Proved Faaal.

New York. Aug. 27.-Col. william
II. Hubbell, who. during the Spanish
war, commanded the Forty-seventh
regiment, New York volunteers, and
who since 1901 has been commander in
chief Of the national army Of Spanish
war veterans, died Tuesday in Brook
lyn. His death was due to an opera
ton performed o week ago. He was
born in 1647.
The L'Anse sentinel. (L'Anse, L.S., Mich.) 18??-current, 1902-09-06
In the Hands Of . Receiver.

Kansas City, Mo-, Aug. 27.-The Gull
yer Lumber company, successors to the
Kansas City Southern Lumber COM
pany, owning extensive timber forests
at Craighead, Okla, with lumber
yards in Kansas City, Mo-, and a sash,
door and box factory at Kansas City,
Kan, was placed in receivers hands
Tuesday, on application of H. A. Culver,
the company's manager. Assets are
estimated at $650,000 and liabilities at
S25O,OOO.
The L'Anse sentinel. (L'Anse, L.S., Mich.) 18??-current, 1902-09-06

Charlotte, N. G., Aug. 27.--The coro-
ner's jury in the case of Tom Jones,
the negro who assaulted and fatally
injured Mrs. Smith and who was
lynched Monday, has approved the act
of the lynchers. The names of the
men are not known, or II known are
not mentioned in the verdict.
The L'Anse sentinel. (L'Anse, L.S., Mich.) 18??-current, 1902-09-06

Rochester, N. Y, Aug. 27.--A special
dispatch to the Democrat and Chron-
icle from Watkins says that ex-Gov.
HoadIey, Of Ohio, died at that place
Tuesday evening, aged rs years. He and
his family had been at Watkins for sew
eral weeks. The remains will be taken
to Cincinnati for interment.
The L'Anse sentinel. (L'Anse, L.S., Mich.) 18??-current, 1902-09-06
Pioneers DroMned.

Galesburg, Ill, Aug. 20. = Oliver
Hunt ard s. G. Wood, two pioneer res.
idents of Galesburg, were drowned
Thursday evening in a shallow creek
near mere. Their horses became
frightened and backed of high
bridge. They were pinioned under
the buggy in one foot of water.
The L'Anse sentinel. (L'Anse, L.S., Mich.) 18??-current, 1902-09-06

Cape Haytien, Aug. 2s.--Gen. Albert
Salnave, commandant Of the Artibon-
tie Firminite troops, has repulsed the
army under Gen. Norr, of the pro-
visional government, and Is at present
master Of the Limbo district.
The L'Anse sentinel. (L'Anse, L.S., Mich.) 18??-current, 1902-09-06

Chicago, Aug. 2s.--Henry G. Clasen.
formerly employed ut the EIgin insane
asylum, has brought suit against Gov.
Yates and others to recover si2, the
amount Of Ave per cent. levy on HE
GALAXY for alleged political purposes.
The L'Anse sentinel. (L'Anse, L.S., Mich.) 18??-current, 1902-09-06
seI.ea vvith Cramps.

Dover England, Aug. 29.--Frank
Holmes, of Birmingham, who started
from Dover at five o'clock in an effort
to swim the English channel, was
seized with the cramps and abandoned
the attempt when six miles out.
The L'Anse sentinel. (L'Anse, L.S., Mich.) 18??-current, 1902-09-06
Pun isMed for seditio.,

Manila. Aug. 26.--Frederick Dorr,
proprietor, aud Edward O'Brien, ed
itor Of Freedom, have each been sem
fenced to six months in Bilibid prison
and fined $1,000 each for libeling Ben
ito Legarda, native member OF the
civil commission. by publishing GER
tain article In Freedom.
The L'Anse sentinel. (L'Anse, L.S., Mich.) 18??-current, 1902-09-06
MiIIionaire Commits Suicide.

Honolulu, Aug. 16, via San Francisco,
Aug. 26.--A. @. Mitchell, millionaire
PRESIDENT of the Michigan Lumber
company OF Cadillac, a passenger on
the. steamer Coptic, committed suicide
August ~, when the vessel was three
days out from San Francisco, by jump
ing overheard. The steamer was
stopped and boat lowered, but there
was no trace of Mitchell.
The L'Anse sentinel. (L'Anse, L.S., Mich.) 18??-current, 1902-09-06
There Are No Di9erences.

Amsterdam, Aug. 2s.--The Boer gem
erals have issued statement declaring
there Is no truth in the reports OF DIFF
ferences between themselves and Mr..
Kruger, DR.. Leyds and the Boer dele
gates in Europe, adding that their re-
lations with them continue to be most
harmonious
The L'Anse sentinel. (L'Anse, L.S., Mich.) 18??-current, 1902-09-06
Lumber MiIIs Burned.

Harriston, Idaho, Aug. 29-The mills
of the Cameron lumber company have
.been destroyed by Dire, together with
nearly 100000 feet Of choice lumber.
The estimated Joss is between $4,000
and 500, 900, with but $2o,o 900 insurance.
The L'Anse sentinel. (L'Anse, L.S., Mich.) 18??-current, 1902-09-06

Van Buren,, Ark, Aug. 2s.-Six negro
laborers are known to be dead and 9TH
ers are missing In wreck of work
train on the Kansas q Arkanssf VAL
ley division of the Iron Mountaitffuad.
near Illinois Station, 1T.
The L'Anse sentinel. (L'Anse, L.S., Mich.) 18??-current, 1902-09-06
Engineer and Fireman KILLED.

Terre Haute, Ind, Aug. 20. - The
north-oound passenger train on the
Chicago e. Eastern Illinois railway
was wrecked at Cayuga, Ind, 3s miles
north OF here. about 1880 o'clock
Thursday. Engineer Dad Carey and
Fireman Lee, of Chicago, were In.
stantly killed. The passengers es.
capped with severe shaking up.
The L'Anse sentinel. (L'Anse, L.S., Mich.) 18??-current, 1902-09-06

Chicago, Aug. 2s.--President Roose-
welt and Senator's Beveridge and Dolli-
YER will address the convention of the
National League of Republican Clubs
here October i, ga.
The L'Anse sentinel. (L'Anse, L.S., Mich.) 18??-current, 1902-09-06
Firema. Killed.

st. Paul, Mimi. Aug. 27.-Northern
Pacific passenger train No. crashed
into the rear end of freight train in
the yards at Anoka, killing the fire.
man, Harry Hutchins, and delaying
traffic.
The L'Anse sentinel. (L'Anse, L.S., Mich.) 18??-current, 1902-09-06
Death of Ada Gray.

New York, Aug. 29.-Ada Gray. who
for years played the leading role in
"East Lynne" died in the Fordham
Home for Incurables Wednesday and
was buried Thursday by the Actors
fund Of America, which had practically
supported her for the last seven years.
She was about 90 years old.
The L'Anse sentinel. (L'Anse, L.S., Mich.) 18??-current, 1902-09-06

Chicago, Aug. 2s.--A concerted
movement b railway trainmen
throughout the country is planned to
procure higher wages, and involves
millions Of employees. The proposition
Is to make the demands on all lines in
territorial groups. No threats are
made, but q general strike would have
ruinous results.
The colored American., 1902-07-12
NOW.

Don't wait rntii to- morrow
r.. ,,gine wre aths sIr und my bTCw.
i Howers arr to heeT me.
rstme know their beauties ne"
Don I wait until TO MORROW
0r ask The Why or How
Don't ait until I'm cofined,
Rut bestow yeuT Tosts now.
The colored American., 1902-07-12
Democratic sptrit at Harvard.

Not the least OF Haavard's clsss ay
gloTies was the fine reception 81 gave
to her eO'ored orator. 1t was q fine
illustration of the democratic spirit
that animates our Oldest and proudest
university-Boston Herald
The colored American., 1902-07-12

w nen Iresn little girls are accOn pa
MED by chapezobes when th.y 60 to
public laces.
When our preachers and teachers get
down TO seriC us work for temperance
and morality.
When Daniel Murray appoints his
committee on public comfort for q. a
A. encampment.
When the Negro is as proud o.
Emancipation Day as the white man is
of the 4th Of July.
Wien $40 per month dudes quit az
Il citing $25 Panama hats, at the exptn nse
of their credito<s.
When the Negro finds out the best
way to prepare 10 die Is to prepare to
live as best he can.
When Negro employees in cOlored
establishments Tut little more steam
into their movements.
When specu. stors realize that small
flats for cOloIed people in desirable 10
cslities aIe fine in, estments.
When our leaders learn to brace up
and assist their young liea:el ats to
get the places that belong to them.
When the Indus alal Blu ldIng and
Loan Assoc iatiOn gets out of the hands
Of the / receivers and rtsI mes business
When there are more 1us kegess to
Uffer teachers places to the graduates
of the higher institute ns of lesTn'ng
When the race gives more substan-
tial support to such women as Mrs. l.
r. Clarke aLC Mrs. Lottie Z. Wilson.
When billh gFgate is eliminate d frC m
our religious journals, ind personal
titles e2 cluded frt m secular LeWspa.
pers.
WHEN landladits quit jamminR their
houses houses full of miscellaneous
roOmers and try to live like human be-
.ngs,
When those who are dispe sed to
knock Ro, ,e OonklIng Bruee's Har
va speech. take time enough of to
-ead it. "
When Public Printer Palmer restores
Mr.. w. +. Lavslette, the typogrt phi
cal expert, TO his old place as pros +
r, ader.
When all of cur lyceums are as prodi-
gal in praise and substantial appreci-
IIon of their presidents at Second BaE-
tsst and Shiloh
When Freed mems HosIi.al gets tie
BAR of the committee g on appropriations,
After the manner of the OleagiRoup
Pref w II. II. H art.
When our Well-raid department.
clerks take note of ii e wisdom OF
Register Lyons and Recorder Dancy,
and buy homes while the sun sLiaes.
When the W. mems League 70 N q
,hain of visiting con mittees to study
the conduct of some of our girls al pi, =
mics, river xcursiOns and parlor socials.
When the graduates of our normal
schools and professional courses &C.
1uire courage enough to leave Wash.
Ington for the southern and western
fields.
When colored flee holders get q
chance to dispense patronage, prefer
men and women of their own race TO