The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1902-11-09
SCIENCE.
rOTFMTsM


From the address of Dr Haddon. pres-
dent OF the sect ion of anthropology. British
Assoc Ia ion for the Advan cement OF Science.
the following paragraph on Toteinism IL
taken. with a few omissions. a. representing
the latest authoritative summary OF doctrine.
North America, he says, II the home OF the
term totem" but though typical totemi'm
does occur there, II il often modified by other
customs. In Australia We find true totemi-m
rampant and 1t occurs In Africa. where 1t j.
also subject to much modification. Among
the Ba ganda there are number OF kins, each
OF which has III totem. The kin T. called
after IT. totem: no member OF KIN NAV
Kill or eat his totem. though Others are free
to do so No one mentions his totem NO
man may marry into his mother" KIN IN
Uganda royalty follows the totem OF the
mother, white the common people follow
! the paternal totcu EAcn kr has its own
burying PLACES IotemiC practices occur III
various parts Of Asia. a-o. 10 put ne mat
] ter briefly. tot"mism consists oil the ioi'o"ms
| Firs.-So ial organization with totem kins-
men and totem symbols -.,.,,,,,. ,., ,.,,
! S.cond-RecipToCal rcsponNioiitf- F'"'eh
| ThIrd-Magical increase or repression Of the
| Fo,irth-Socini duties Of the kinsnen.
| Fifth-Nyths OF explanation. .,
! Tote ni-m il only one oil 'ev'r"I animal
| cults.
been lnrge and the indvidual~ must have been
/ strioted territory and there would often -ec
plant. an animal or group OF .uch p'aHor
o IdOTs i've folk On am Ty%r dS S nd
one group OF shore folk would live mainly on
crabs. another on shell tsh. &c, Certain
swampy regions, others on bamboo. Re
| Every group would be dependent on certain
snds OF plant. or an'Tn ho 3e'd io ns' Void
| exchange their sea shells for the feathers OF
The jungle people Certain group. Of .n0Ta
| call Themselves the crab men. the turtle men,
the she'll men, and ,crrtain other rfoup>
from the jungle would be the feather l inrm,
bet ween Il group of men and specie. Of
| animals or plants was III" nat ural result O,
| thus ate their associate" hhlhhie or P'hi'. -
| indeed. these wer" their chi"t diet. noW
I he con -idered in connection with the tapoo'
| for which there i her" no space
CONFINEMENT CONTROL or MARRIAGES IN
SPAIN.
| The Minister OF Justice OF the Kingdom OF
| Spain a member OF the cabinet In recent
formal public address, made proposal ia
! prohibit marriages between persons who
| were not pronounced healthy by medical
authority Surge-, ions OF the sort have
been made In other countries. but this Is the
first occa -ion on which they have been taken
up In Europ. by high officials The Minister
| propo.a- first. to increase the minimum age
for marriage which is now II years for boy
and /? for girls. and TO prohibit consaneuin-
eous marriages nhoeet hsr iefe u nay I've
| the Arabs have married their COUSINS no'
| ccasionaly. but as regular cu-tom ~.
aud 20 long a. one OF such daughters l. un-
c"dded. i Is the duty OF a." young Ara ,
nas, do cos ;hn in h. o. tho
! tifcate OF Il physician should be required
before PERMISSION TO marry Is given 10y ne
PREVENTION of the physican il not loss neoe,--
sarv TO the welfare OF eociety than that OF the
gIis or ,SS T"s ,S IN or H'
the inter verti ion OF the phy.ician i the most
important OF thc three. I;is pronouncr,
Il i. an extremely Interesting fact hkewi,,"
| coming as /, does from a Minister of Hi'
Catholic Majesty III" King OF spain
TOXINS AND ANTiroxlSs
Prof Walch of the Johns Hopkins nj.
versity delivered the Huxley memorial lee
| ture In London on the subject Of reccn
studies Of immunity with reference to th"i
bearing on pathology. He pointed out tina
whereas the ,.,anus and diphtheria bacill
are elaborate toxins which c,n be separated
I from the organisms TINT produce them, sue
is no, the case with other pa thogenic bac
terra. notably the typhoid bacillus. the toN
oil which is believed 10 b" intrac"llular an
|
| cells on this conception ia" d.-"as" -vWp
toms OF typhoid fever are assumed 10 BE- q T.
4 not to tho living organisms, hut TO hdci!l
I which have died and So hgv" set ire" thci
| polsons Prof WrlCh doubts whether IA
| theory just stated is established and pro
poses the following hypothesis The inJcc
| uon of bacterial coils stimulates C"rtal
| cells Of the host TO generate one Compon"n
| Of the toxin, the intermediary body, whic
| although itself not poisonous. becomes so b
| bringing about the union between a pr"vl
| ously existing toXophorous substance. tn
| com plnment and tn" foreign substance whlc
| started the reaction ~" further suggest
| that certain substances derived from IN
| host may stimulAt" the invading orgInisG
| and cause II to produce intermediary bode
| which have the power to link complement
| to cellular constituents OF the host an
| thereby to poison the latter just as IN
| cells OF tn" organism react toward the IN
| Vading bacterium. 80, II j. suggested. doe
| the baCterium react toward tn" cells of th
4 host.
SUICIDES ~ FRANCE
The statistics Of suicides in France for III
| last twenty yeprs are summarized In the 70
| loving little table.
To'.l Va per,1,
rsIrs Of NtttifS q loo
1851 ii. ...... .......,... 500
1856 90, .'..'...'. = ?2o