davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1902-09-04
81 SOCIAL GAMBLING

Gladden's Social Salvation.
Young girl from my own city recently
visited New York and found herself, in an
elegant home, where a card party with this
spice for it's diversion was to assemble in
the evening. The girl had scrupIes against
gambling ard begged to be. excused, but
her hostess insisted that she must play,
making her feel that she would violate the
obligations of hospitality if she refused. With
great reluctance she yielded and lost during
the evening great deal of money. The host
ess offered the next morning to make good
her loss, but the girl had spirit enough to
refuse that PREPARATION; since the greater
wrong she had suffered could not be undone,
she would not permit the lesser one to be
repaired. The essential yulgarity and bru.
tally Of society in which thing like that
can happen do not need to be pointed out
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1902-09-04
NEW NATIONAL BANKS
The Controller Approves the Appli'
cations of Three.
Special to The Journal.

Special to The Journal
Washington, Sept. 4.-The controller Of
the currency has approved the applications
to organize the following national banks
in Minnesota: The National Bank of Com
merce of Mankato, capital 100000, by
Albert O. Oleson of Wells, M. J. Phil,
Carl L. Oleson, William F. Hughes, S. B.
Wilson and others; the Security Bank of
Albert Lea, capital $4,000, by George
Stickney of Ceylon.2 Charles H. Freeman,
Garrison D. Freeman, Eliza Campbell and
c. B. Campbell; the First National Bank
of Mcintosh. capital $4,000, by J. S.
Short of Mcintosh, S. H. Drew, John Pet
terson, A. McEachran, and William F.
Ruckhoff.
w. w, Jernane
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1902-09-04
WILL VISIT FAIRS.

How knatvoId VIII Reach thesFarmers Of
His District.
H. Il. Dunn Of Albert Lea, chairman of
Senator Knatvold's campaign committee,
was In st. Paul to-day. He says the acct
dent to Mr. knatvold is unfortunate as
this week was to have been spent in a
tour from which much was expected. He
looks for victory, however. "Mr Knatvold
Will not be able to drive about the coun-
try before the primaries he said, but
ne will be in shape to attend two county
fairs next week, and in that way will meet
many voters"
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1902-09-04
HIS LICENSE REVOKED
Mayor Jones Disciplines Saloonkeep-
er Found Guilty Of Selling
Liquor to Minors

Mayor Jones has revoked the saloon IL
cense of Jacob Mengelkoch, 311 Plymouth
avenue N, recently convicted Of selling.
liquor to minors. 1t appeared that Mr..
Mengelkoch was in the saloon when the
liquor was sold.
Mayor Jones said this morning that in
the future, any saloon keeper convicted Of
selling liquor to minors would have his
license revoked Immediately. He will
take a firm stand hoping to stop the sale
of liquor to boys.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1902-09-04
CHARGED WITH CUTTING RATES.

William Jennings Bryan tells a good story on
himself. He said that not long ago, In q wes-
tern town, he had occasion to get shaved The
barber coi9red man; feit highly COMMUNICATED
been a Candidate for the presidency, and when
the operation over Mr.. Bryan gave him a
silver dollar. Some weeks afterward, travelling
that way, he met old friend in the same
town, who told him he had got the barber in
trouble.
.''How's that? p. said Mr.. Bryan
why he has been up before the barber's
union, had charges preferred against him, and
was then put on trial for shaving you"
81 don't understand that said Mr.. Bryan.
tI paid him. all right"
"Oh, yes, you paid him all right, but the
other BARRIERS said that he was cutting under
and should have charged So for shaving dead
man." ... .. ..-' L
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1902-09-04
CITY NEWS
County offices to Be Closed.-Owing to
the fact that tomorrow Is Minneapolis
day at the state fair, the county offices
will be closed at noon ....'' .

will be closed at noon. ..-s'"
For a Lecture Tour.-Dr D. L. Kiehle
leaves to day for an institute lecture tour
of two weeks In Indiana He will also
visit schools in Illinois.
Hunt Gets Thirty Days-George Hunt
was in police court this morning charged
with assault and battery upon Mabel
Holden. He pleaded guilty and was given
thirty days in the workhouse.
Clerk Under Arrest-M. H. Rosenberg,
clerk in the employ Of Freedman, Swor-
gym & Co., 241 Bank of Commerce build
ing, was arrested this morning on a war
rant charging him with embezzling So g.
He will be arragned tomorrow.
Hiqh School Examinatlons-ENamn
tions for entrance to the high schools are
being held to-day and tomorrow. A large
number Of children are presenting them
selves to take the entrance examinations
s. so as to be ready for the opening OF
schools Monday morning.
..DjsorderIy Sent Up-Harry Mccoy, col
ored was in police court this morning
charged with disorderly conduct 1t was
shown that Ell had beaten his wife and at
s. tackled her with knife. He was hned
$40. on failure to pay which he was sent
to the wOrEhouse.
Boys Picked Up at Chaska-EdWard
Huleson, 1925 Elliot avenue, and George
Roberts. 1927 Ninth avenue S, were picked
up at Chaska yesterday and the police
here found their parents. The boys are
about years old and had started out to
see the world.
Waterworks Bonds for Saltwater
works bonds of the face value Of $25O,0OO,
bearing interest at the rate of 3A per
cent, payable semi-annually, and running
for thirty years from July 1, will be sold
to the highest bidder at the city hall to-
morrow. The bonds were signed yester-
day by Mayor Jones.
Furniture Dealers Banquet-The annual
banquet for the furniture dealers of the
northwest given last evening in Ma
sonic Temple by the manufacturers and
jobbers Of the two cities engaged in SIM
liar lines of business. George H. Elwell
was POSTMASTER and impromptu speeches
were made by l.. Luger, B. B. Townsend,
c. M. Way, J. Newton Mind and Ben
jamin Coppage.
Burned With GasoIene-Mrs. Mary TUT
fey, 270S BlaiSdel avenue, was seriousl!
burned in a gasolene explosion at the fail
grounds yesterday. She was assisting II
the stand Of the Bethlehem Presbyterian
church and was filling a gasolene stove
when the explosion occurred. Her cloth
ing caught fire and her hands were badl,
burned before the flames were extin
gushed.
Woman Loses Her Purse-Mrs. Oscar
Nelson, a farmers wife from NARROW
Sargent county, North Dakota, came tt
police headquarters this morning and re-
ported that she had been robbed of hel
purse containing $24. She said that she
was on an interurban car coming from
st. Paul and as the car reached FRS
avenue a man got off taking with hin
her handbag, which contained her purse
She gave a good description Of the maj
and officers were at once detailed to in
YeStigate the matter.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1902-09-04
NO WONDER HE FELT BAD,

ell, James, how you feeling to-day -
said the minister to one of hns parishioners. an
old man suffering from chronic rheumatism.
You are not looking as brisk usual
Ma, SIR replied the old fellow, sadly .rve
been gey unfortint the day."
How. James,"
Weel l got a letter fra a Giasca lawyer
body this mornin' tellin' me that ma cousin
Jock was deid, an that he had left me twa
Two hundred pounds" repeated the minister.
And you call that hard luck? Why. 1t IA
quite fortunate for you, James,
Aye, said the old man. sorrowfully ''but
the stipid lawyer body didna pit eneuch stamps
on his letter. an l had a hale saxpence to pey
for extra postage"
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1902-09-04
CASHIER KILLS HIMSELF
Accounts Of Hasche of Doom, Iowa,
-. - :. Said to Be Straight.

Special to The Journal. -zf'
. Doom, Iowa, Sept. 4.-Herman Hasche
cashier Of the Doom Savings bank, shot
himself at 1890 this morning and died
instantly. He was in Sioux City yester-
day in fine spirits, and returned to his
home last night. He arose this morning
went to the bank, sat down in a chair and
killed himself .~.' ~ 49,.
His accounts are straight and no reason
children. - ~ r.'&.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1902-09-04
}lSt Street..
D II residences q "a residences
4 16 Journals : % Journals
2 Tribunes = 0 Tribunes /
-
%
32nd Street.
NEUROLOGICAL

JENNIE MILLER, Is years of age, a
servant employed at 1916 Nicollet avenue
died at the city hospital yesterday of
peritonitis. She has a brother in Caifor-
mia who will take charge Of the remains.
MRS. MARGARET LINES died yester-
day at the residence Of her daughter, Mrs.
J. Perkins, 420 Sixth street S. at the age
of SO years. The funeral will be held from
the residence Friday at 2:3O p. m.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1902-09-04
TO LATE TO CLASSIFY

DRY GOODS MEN, ONE
SHOE MAN AND ONE BOOKKEEPER: ALI.
YOUNG AND EXPERIENCED, TO co TO
n, BETWEEN Z AND s A. NJ. SEPT 5:
DRY GOODS MEN, ONE
SHOE MAN AND ONE BOOKKEEPER: ALI.
YOUNG AND EXPERIENCED, TO GO TO
GREAT FAILS, MONT. APPLY 100 Sd Az
n, BETWEEN Z AND s a. NJ, SEPT ).
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1902-09-04
DEMOCRATS IN SESSION

State Committee Meets at New Head
quarters In St. Paul.
The democratic state committee mot
this morning at the new Headquarters in
the Gilfllan block st. Paul. Thirty-seve
members were present out Of the eighty
SIX. and Candidate Rosing was on hand
Plans were discussed, and several com
mltteemen put in a bid for an early visit
from Mr. Rosing. H. L. Shirley of Brock
enrldge was nominated for treasurer in
stead Of Joseph L. Meyer.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1902-09-04
Granted a Writ,

Judge Pond has granted the petition Of
William w. Woodbeck and w. W. Cheat
am for a writ of mandamus compelling
the county auditor to file an affidavit con-
tanned statements regarding the paper
necessary to be filed before it could be-
come a legal publication. The case is of
Importance to publishers throughout the
state. It is friendly suit. ~
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1902-09-04
CASES TO BE SET OVER
Disposal of April Term Cases Of District
Court. 80

Case still upon the April term calendar
will be set over the term tomorrow morn
ing. the various attorneys interested hav-
ing been notified to appear In. Judge Nc
Gees courtroom at half-past g O'Clock
Among the matters still undisposed of are
two cases against Detectives George A..
Harvey James G. Howard and J ohm F..
Morrissey, two cases against Irwin A.
Gardner three against Mayor A. A.
Anes, one against former Police Captain
Norman w. King, and one against former
Detective Christopher c. Norbeck -.4
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1902-09-04
CAMERA PROPS.

They Wind Up Their Convention To-day
A Daylight Demonstration and
Other Attractions.
The Northwestern Photographers fni-
sh edtheir work to-day. Another daylight
demonstration was given at Lee Brothers
studio under the direction of Mr.. Zwei-
fel. Mr.. Griffith another delegate, gave
lecture on fancy and other kinds of
lightings.
Last evening F. Dundas Todd of Chica-
go gave an interesting lecture on Com
position and Lighting" in which his audi
tors were favored with many valuable
points on spacing, lighting, coloring, de-
TAIL etc
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1902-09-04
HIDING IN A HAYSTACK
Anthony Kohl, Who Attempted to XIII HIS
q Sweetheart, Found WIKI Throat

Special to The Journal. sg.
Thorpe, Wis, Sept. Anthony Kohl,
hiding in hay stack near the scene Of
his crime, was captured to-day He had
cut his own throat, but not seriously
Miss Niman, whom Kohl intended to kill,
will recover. He will be bound over to the
circuit court.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1902-09-04
NUMBER 81

The popularity of The journal Is very
forcib!y shown by comparison Of the
amount of advertising carried In all the
Twin City dailes for month of August: -.
Coils.
journal, 26 Issues. 1894
Tribune, evening and five Sundays, 81
Issues 1,oso
Times, daily and Sunday, 81 Issues. 36e
St. Paul Dispatch, 81 Issues. ......... 979
Pioneer Press, daily and Sunday, 81
Issues ese
Globe, daily and Sunday, 81 Issues :. sol
Here are two more blocks:
31St Street.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1902-09-04

You don't have to get drunk to get big
head. DR.. Dick says overeating will do
it. Red Raven Splits make big heads
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1902-09-04
A LIFE PREsERVER.

-. 80 Chicago News.
Fred-I tell you, old man, when Miss Mill
yuns rejected me was tempted to throw my
self out of the window. - Sl.'.
. = Will--Well, why didn't you? -
: Fred-Too high up. We were In the third
story at the time. s 'r 3: 49,
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1902-09-04
Dinner for "Pennsv's" Alumni.

DR.. and Mrs. c. A. Cotton gave a. dinner
last evening at their home, BIAS Port
land avenue, for the alumni Of the Uni
versity of Pennsylvania, who are attend
ing the Veterinary Medical associations
meetings.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1902-09-04

Meet Me at The "PIymouth."
Every thing good to wear. Head to foot
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1902-09-04
BOY Is RUN OVER
Express Wagon Strikes Ira BudInger, In.
fIicting Injuries Which Are
IIkeIy to Prove Fatal

Likely to Prove Fatal.
Ira. Budinger, II years of age, residing
at Alb Sixth avenue N, was turnover by an
United States Express company's wagon
at Hennepin and Washington shortly after
noon to-day and received injuries from
which he. may die. The wheels of the
heavily loaded kagon passed over his
chest. He was taken to his home in the
patrol wagon from the Central police
station.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1902-09-04

Waterworks Bonds for Saltwater
works bonds of the face value of $3.50, 900,
bearing interest at the rate of 31A per
cent, payable semi-annually, and running
for thirty years from July 1, will be sold
to the highest bidder at the city hall to-
morrow The bonds were signed yester-
day by Mayor Jones.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1902-09-04

At the present moment there are up
wards of 5000 people in. London alone
who earn their living at an altitude of
over eighty feet, where a single false
step will hurl them down to destruction.
The average mortality among these in
dividuals is 81 per cent, while among
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1902-09-04

Clerk Under Arrest-M. H. Rosenberg, a
clerk in the employ Of Freedman, Swor-
gym & Co., 241 Bank of Commerce build
ing, was arrested this morning on a war
rant charging him with embezzling $62.66
He will be arraigned tomorrow.
The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, 1902-09-04

For a Lecture Tour.-Dr D. L. Kiehle
leaves to-day for an institute lecture tour
of two weeks In Indiana He will also
visit schools in Illinois.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1902-03-02
BURGLAR HAD RED WAX CANDLE
lie Got Into House by sidewalk Opening


TO Coal Chute-Loot In His Rooms.
Morris Williams, a negro, and Kate Hart
a negress, both living at 2fs West Sixty
second street, were held in the Yorkville
police court, yesterday, while the police
try to get evidence connecting them with
a number Of burglaries.
The houses which a burglar entered and
robbed were CO East Fifty-fourth street,
90 East Fifty-ffth street, West
Fifty-second street and 81 West Forty
eighth street. The same thief visited all
OF these houses, as was shown by the drip
pings Of a red wax candle found on the
floors.
Williams, who also gave the name Of
Albert Johnson, had a red wax candle and
n pink one when he was arrested at 2 o'clock
on Friday morning in the residence Of Mrs.
'essie Williams Of 81 East Fifty-third street,
which he had entered through the sidewalk
opening TO the coal chute.
Policeman William Leschke saw him en-
ter from the corner Of Madison venue, and
going TO the house rang the doorbell. When
Mrs. Williams called from a window the
policeman told her a burglar was in the
house and this caused considerable ex-
element among the women inside. All
we're afraid TO go down to open the street
door, but a servant finally did go down and
let the policeman in. He found the negro
in the basement and poking a pistol under
his nose arrested him. There were thirty
pawntickets in his pockets for clothing,
jewelry and silverware.
Detectives Mclaughlin and McCauley,
of the East fifty-frst street station, found
several articles of jewelry and six pocket
books in the negro's rooms and learned
that two weeks ago a negro broke into the
house at 43 West Fifty-second street and
entered a woman's bedroom with a lighted
candle. The woman saw him, but was so
frightened that she remained as IL asleep.
The burglar carried of "A $500 diamond pin
and some clothing. John W. Little, an aide
to Brig.-Gen. George Moore Smith. lives
at 90 East Fifty-ffth street, from which
clothing.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1902-03-02
Anti iv,sectionists In Annual Meeting.

To THR EDITOR OF THE SUS-Sir: The
annual meeting OF the New York State Anti
Vlvisectlon Society was held at Saugerties.
on Feb. 20. The officers elected for the
coming year are as follows: President.
John vedder. NJ. d. First Nice-President.
Rensselaer, Potts: Second Vice president,
Luigi Galvani Doane, NJ. D.: Treasurer.
Philip g.: Peabody. NJ d.: Secretary. Anna
Sargent Turner.
The society has In the past arranged for
slN hundred and seventy-four lectures, and
df'tributed leaflets. so far as possible, 10 all
audiences. A very hopeful new method of
circulating literature has this season been
taken up. Members Of the society have
visited poultry shows and other places where
and have distributed leahets 20 those willing
70 receive them. IL IL earnestly requested
that all Interested In this work. communicate
with the New York State Anti Nivisection
Society, ut its headquarters. and apply for
leaflets to be given out personally In this
way. The society should also be notified.
In advance. OF animal shows and exhibits
may be made. for the distribution OF lit
erature at such places.
On Dec. p, the sum OF 500, 50, together
with a quantity Of anti viviseCtion literature
was made over by Mrs, A, l.. Barber and
other friends OF the cause, to the New York
State. Anti Nivisection Society. The money
has been used. already. for postage and
express, TO send out leaflets. and Il Is intended
20 finish the distribution Of the, literature
JoHS VTDpEn NJ. u.
President New York State ti-Nivisection
Society.
~SAuGEBTIEs, N. Y. Feb. a.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1902-03-02

tected by law. The labor unions regulate
such conditions for the men. The bad effect
OF long hours upon women Is much more
marked than II Is upon men and II Affects
moro directly the health of the community
Most factory women over al are married
women with children. and the evil effects
Of their having to be nj work all. day are
greatly increased by every hour that their
time at home is cut down. | have a letter OF
very strong protest AGAINST this bill from
DR.. Annie Daniel OF the Women's infirmary,
who gave such valuable testimony before
the Tenement House Commission on the
terrible effects Of bad tenement house condi
tions.
Massachusetts has limited the hours OF
work of women to nfty-eight per week ever
since 1894 and New Jersey limits them to
nity-nve.. The bill under discussion does
away with the amendment passed at Albany
IN 1899 and puts us just where we were before
that date. Wherever the hours Of work Of
women have been limited by law the result
has been better health .among the women
and a greater efficiency In their work.
STsAS W. FITZGERALD.
University Settlement Society. West side
Erancn.
4 YORK, March l..
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1902-03-02
sAID "DAMNn IN COuRT-S25.
Navy Yard Man Forgot Himself on the
Witness stand.

Isaac Bennett. employed in tho Brooklyn
navy yard and said to have been a jack
tar, became ratified yesterday at his cross
examination before Justice Seabury IN
the City Court In n suit TO recover damages
from the Metropolitan Street Railway Com
pany. He was being examined regarding
an accident at Third avenue and forty-
second street. and an attorney Of the COM
pany in order to catch him asked II horses
were drawing the car. lie bluTted out:
you know damned well that there are
no horse cars there"
Justice Scabury shut him OF at once,
gave him "A severe lecture and fined hun
s25 for contempt Of court. In default 81
payment he was 70 stand committed for two
days in Jail. lie paid the fine.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1902-03-02
APiCHES BROTHERS TO ESKIMO.
Their Language the same as That Of .
Tribe In the Polar Circle.

MONTREAL. March IAN interesting
chronological discovery has just been made
as a result Of tho observations of Father
JettA, s. j., son Of Sir l.. A. Jette. Lieuten-
ant-Governor Of the Province Of Quebec.
Father Jette is a missionary among the
Nulato Indians whose habitat is rear the
polar circle.
lie has made a careful study Of their
language, and IN writing TO some Of his
colleagues in New Mexico he quoted words
used by the Nulatos. To the great surprise
Of those who received Father Jette's letter
the Nulato words were found to be identical
with words In the Apache tongue.
The result was further correspondence,
and ultimately the discovery that these
two tribes Of Indians. now living thousands
Of miles apart and in vastly different CHM
ates, ave the same language.
From this fact the deduction has been
made that the Apaches Of New Mexico
originally came from the far North, thus
tending to confirm the theory Of a COM
mon Asiatic origin.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1902-03-02
From a Freman's VIE.

To THE EDITOR oP THE SuS-Sir: During
these days, when the cry Is "Olr poor letter
carrier" and Oar poor policeman | thought
! would like to introduce another poor fell
low who Is go often forgotten by mostly
Our poor fireman." They
nave wives and families the same rs the
ietter carrier and policeman. who would lihe
70 nave Them home more. / think 4. about
time TO drop the policeman and take up the
fireman and his two-platoon bill and let us
see what can be done for these men. am
q ~hrenan's. wife and j would like 20 have
my husband home just as much as the letter
carriers or policeman's wife. and anything
that Is going TO make his life brighter, / say
let the fireman have il. he deserves il.
NEW lOhK Feb. %. A FIRFMAS's WIFE
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1902-03-02

sonally appeared before me, ALERT Blusky.
and Baptist Thomas, President and clerk
OF the Six Nations Of Indians. the SUP
scribers above named. and who cknowi-
edged the execution OF the same.
WALDO I. GILBERT..
(SeaD Notary Public.
The preceding petition, which Purports
70 have been adopted at a council OF the
Six Nations Of Now York Indians, has been
submitted TO me for c~ertifcation. was
not present at the council and can only cay
that l have understood from the news
papers and otherwise that action OF this
kind was taken at said council.
A. W. FERRIN.
United States Indian Agent.
SALAMANCA, n. Y, Feb. "a, 1907.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1902-03-02

ALTERS WOmAN's LABOR Law.
Attention directed 10 a Btl 7hat Would
permit Longer Hours.

To THE EpIToR or THE SUN-Si. wish
to draw your attention TO a bill that PASSED
the Senate az Albany yesterday, but Was
then laid upon the table to be reconsiderod
aud to ask you to use your influence against
its passage.
IL is a bin Introduced on Jan. II by Senator
Marshall amending tho Labor law in suon
way that women over 81 are not Restricted
at all in the hours they may work in f~acto,ies
The present law restricts them To ten bou,.
a dar and sixty hours a week. ou
In such matters women have To bs n,o-