The Canton times., 1902-12-05

homes therein. Much Of our prosperity
as nation has been q que 'S On 'is The other
hand, we should recognize tne Las. M .nat LA
in the grazing region the man VINO COT
able to settle permanently II only allowed
to use the same amount OF paSlure ianu
that his brother, the homesteader II al
dred and sixty acres of fairly, rich ana
we'll watered SOIL or mucn smaner
amount of irrigated ras iana' M may ONE Ae could
get a living from 100 acres OF dry pasture
land capable of supporting at tne OUT. .
side only one head OF cattle tcts 10 evepy ~ the
public domain have been fenced III py
persons having no title thereto, IN direct
tenance or construction of any such un-
lawful incosure of public land: FOR va
rious reasons there has been little inter
but ample notice has now been given
the trespassers, and all the resources az
the command of the government VIII WI.
trespassng.
I especially urge upon the congress the
need of wise LEGISLATION lor "A Aidena' tien mat
Alaska, which has been ours for 80 years:
should still have as poor system OF
more valuable possession-in mineral
wealth. in fisheries, furs, forests, and
also in land available for certain kinds
territory of great size and varied re-
sources, well fitted to support large
permanent population: Alaska aa;s s;nns neeas for q
homesteads and preemptions as will en-
Courage permanent settlement. We
should shape legislation with view noe 1h
territory, but to the building up OF homes
therein The land laws should be liberal
to the actual settler whom we most de-
sire to see take possession OF tne coun-
try. The forests of Alaska should be
important matter, the game also, ard at
the same time it is imperative that the
settlers should be allowed to cut tim
own use. Laws should be ENACTED to
protect the Alaskan salmon fisheries
against the greed which would destroy
them. They should be preserved as a
permanent industry and food supply
| Their management and control should be
turned over to the commission 1, horl OF ,a flsn
gate in the congress. 1t would be well
| If a Congressional committee could visit
Alaska and investigate its needs on the
| ground.
In dealing with the Indians our aim
| should be their ultimate absorption INTO
cases this absorption must and should
| be very slow. In portions of the Indian
terrtpryh yhe shs Same tme with oo in
wealth and education. SO that there are
| plenty of men with varying degrees OF
| iutely indistinguishable in point of social,
| political and economical ability from
| their white associates. There are other
| tribes which have as yet made no per-
| ceptible advance toward such equality.
| To try to force such tribes too fast IS to
prevent their going forward lL at al More MORE
ent conditions, Where tribe has made
considerable advance and lives on, fertile
! farming soil it is possible to ailot the
! lands in SaVpraity much is
| the case with the white settlers. There
| are other tribes where such course is not
| desirable On the arid prairie lands the
effort should be to induce the Indians to
| lead pastoral rather than agricultural
| lives. and to permit them to settle in
villages rather than to force them into
| The large InGian schools situated remote
! from any Indian reservation do special
| and peculiar work of great Importance.
But. excellent though these are, an inn
| mense amount of additional work must be
done on the reservations themselves among
| the old, and above all among the young,
Indians,
The first and most important step toward
| him to earn his living; yet it is not neces-
| sarily to be assumed that in each commup-
| ity all Indians must become either tillers
| may properly be diversified. and those who
| show special desire or adaptability for IN
| dustridl or even commercial pursuits
should be encouraged SO far as pracIicaDie
| to follow out each his owE bent
Scientific Aid to Farmers.
In no department of governmental work
| in recent years has there been greater sue
cess than in that of giving scientific aid 70
| the farming population, thereby showing
them how most efficiently to help them
| selves. There Is no need of insisting upon
| its Importance, for the welfare of the
| farmer is fundamentally necessary to the
welfare of the republic as whole. In ad.
| dition to such work as quarantine against
animal and vegetable plaques, and war
ring, against them when here sntroduced.
farmer by the Introduction of new plants
| specially fitted for cultivation under the
peculiar conditions existing in different
been established in the semi-arid west.
For instance, the practicability of produc-
! ing the best types OF macaron wneats IN
| regions of an annual rainfall of only ten
| inches or thereabouts has beeI conclusive
| ly demonstrated. Through the intro6uc-
| ton of new rices in Louisiana and Texas
the production of rice in this. country has
| been made to about equal the home de-
mand. In the southwest the possibility of
| been demonstrated; in the north many new
| forage crops have been introduced, while
in the i east i has been shown that @ some OF Of
shipped in such way as to find a profitable
market abroad.
The safety-appliance law. for the better
| protection of the lives and limbs of rail-
way employees. which was passed in 1885,
went into fun effect on August 1. 1901. 1t
has resulted in averting thousands of
casualties. Experience shows, however, the
necessity of additional legislation to per-
| feet this law bill to provide for this
passed the senate at the last session. IL Is
to be hoped that some such measure may
now be enacted into law.
Gratifying progress has been made dur
ing the year in the extension of the
merit system of making appointments
IN the government service. It should be
extended by law to the District of Co
lumbia. 1t is much to be desired that
our consular system be established by
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