The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1902-07-29
TRIBUNAL is NEEDED
PROF. j. c. MONAGHAN DISCUSSES
CHAOTIC STATUS OF INTER-
NATIONAL LAW
CATHOLIC SUMMER SCHOOL
WILL CLOSE TOMORROW
Rev. William j. Poland, S. j., Says
Primary Education Has Not Been a
Glittering Success in Recent Years
He Suggests More Outside Study
From Nature.

He Suggests More Outside Study
From Nature.
Diplomacy and It's Relation to Com
merce" was the title of an instructive
and entertaining lecture delivered last
evening in the Columbian Catholic
summer school, by Prof. J. c. Mona
CHAN, of the State University of Wis
consln, who will also occupy the plat
form this evening and at the evening
session OF tomorrow when the school
course will close. Prof. Monaghan was
for twelve years in the United States
consular service in Europe, and has
for many years made a. particular
study of international, commercial and
Industrial conditions.
In introducing the speaker of the
evening, Father Danehy, president of
the Summer School association, said
that the University of Paris had es-
tabl1shed custom whereby, when any
man had discovered and developed a
distinctly new line Of thought spe-
cial chair was provided for him, and
that custom had been followed in this
country by the University of Wiscon-
sin in creating for Prof Monaghan the
chair Of what might be termed the
science of commerce
Prof. Monaghan remarked that the
fact that many Of the modern writer's
of books and#the press to some extent,
had argued that the United States in
the present state of international rela-
lions had no necessity for a diplomatic
or consular service, but he would try
n hat
need of diplomatic negotiations with
the other nations of the world. John
Hay had said#that the Monroe doctrine
and the Golden Rule constituted the
policy of this government, and the
speaker hoped the government would
abide by that policy. After naming
and briefly describing the constituent
branches of the department of state, as
the diplomatic and consular service is
termed in this country or the foreign
Office, as it is known in England, or
the department of strangers in France,
Spain and Italy, the speaker reviewed
the history of diplomacy frena the time
of Aristotle, whom he termed the sec
rotary of state to the Emperor Alexan-
der, touching lightly upon some of the
international events Of history which
served to exemplify- the Importance of
diplomacy.
Appearances Are Deceptive.
Referring to the peace conference
at the Hague, the speaker said: ITO
almost any rohSerVer /, it would have
appeared that of all the great nations
represented in that conference, the
last two to engage in warfare and
strife would be England and the
United States; but in the brief period
which has interviewed we have had
the horrors of South Africa and the
Philippines"
Speaking of the present internation-
al conditions, Prof. Monaghan declar-
ed that there was in reality no interna-
tional law, because there was not
among the nations any superior power
to exercise any such law; but that
the great aim of international law
yers had been to establish some tri-
bunal which could arbitrate between
nations. In past ages that function
had been performed by the, Roman.
Catholic ehurch, but since the nations
had ceased to turn toward4the church
ia, the settlement of their differences.
there had been no tribunal to which
they could resort. ~
Commentingu pom the peace confer
ence at the Hague, Prof. Mona CHAN
directed attention to the fact that it
had been held at the solicitation of
the car of Russia, and, that all of
the great nations of the world were
represented. The only person high in
power who was not invited to attend
was the pope. although formerly he
was the first toward whom the nations
turned in the settlement of their af-
fairs with one another This fact. he
said, presented one of the most inter-
esting and suggestive problems in his
tory, and in his belief the solution of
it dated back to the separation of the
Roman church and the Greek church
The Eastern, or Greek church, had ac-
cepted as its head the car, and even
after the centuries which had interven-
ed, the slight Upon the pope might be
regarded, the speaker thought, in the
light of retaliation. But" declared
Prof. Monaghan, II am firmly convinc-
ed that had the pope at that time rails
ed his voice in Endorsement of the prin-
ciples of socialism. before one year
had elapsed not one of those kings
would have been sitting upon his
throne" 49, ~
New Diplomacy Needed.
The present age, the speaker argued,
demands new diplomacy-the diplo-
macy Of commercial reciprocity-and in
that true diplomats are as much need
ed as in the negotiation of internation-
al disagreements. He discussed at
some length the industrial conditions
with reference to the nations of Eng
land, Germany, France, Holland, Italy
and the United States, and argued
that. great fneSSe was required in
keeping the trade relations between
these great powers properly adjusted.
The United States being so great
commercial and Industrial power and
in so many ways supreme among the
nations, had the greater need, he,
thought, of diplomacy in her dealings
with the others.
.., The greateneed of this country was
for a higher and better craftsmanship.
His experience in Europe, he said,
had convinced him that there was
among the nations of that continent
great jealousy of America, and, in fact,
there was at one time a prospect that
this country would not be invited to
join in the international trust confer
ence, which also had been called by the
CZar. Recognizing the limited StafaS'