davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1902-09-09
Dat Experiments.

SPEAKS DIS 1O11OWS 1CSd1O4hS us IA
tended series of experiments with the
oat crop:
While in many localities further
north timothy and clover may be the
most profitable hay plants, it does not
follow that the same is true further
south; MOI does it follow that the
Southern farmer must depend on
these two crops for his hay. When
a Southern farmer whose soil is only
moderately fertile depends upon an
nual instead of perennial plants for
his hay, he will find the road to sac
cess far less difficult. since there are
a number of such plants adapted TO
Southern conditions capable of pro-
ducing high grade hay, and many of
them may be harvested before the
sowing of a fall crop, or after the
harvest of a spring crop, thus facili-
tating rotation and diversity.
After giving experiments of va
rious kinds in the preparation of the
soil, quantity of seed used, fertiliz-
ing effects of different crops upon
the yield, etc., the following conclu-
sions are reached:
l.. The following crops may be
sown after oats are harvested, and
give profitable returns: Cowpeas,
Spanish peanuts, sofa beans, sor-
ghum, corn, Kafir corn, German mil
let, sweet potatoes and second crop
Irish potatoes.
3. Thorough preparation for oats
gives an increased yield of from so
to 100 per cent, as compared with
sorry preparation.
3. Breaking the soil eight and ten
inches deep gave the better results
than breaking six inches or less.
4. Breaking the soil in fall and re-,
breaking in spring gave better re-
suits than one breaking either in fail
or spring.
5. Narrowing and discing after
breaking and just before. sowing, and
covering with double shovel, seems
to be the best method of planting.
G.. Two and two and a half bushels
of seed per acre gave the best yields.
Z. Oats following legumes gave an
increased yield of from SO to 40 per
cent of grain and from 30 to SO per
cent of hay, as compared with oats
grown upon soils where the preced-
ing crop was other than a legume.
s. Flowing under moderately heavy
crop of legumes gave a greater in
creased yield of pats than the appli-
cation of 1000 pounds of a COM
plete fertilizer to preceding crop.
9. Where oats followed oats, an
intervening crop of cowpeas increas-
ed the yield of the second crop 1876
per cent.
10. Pea stubble increased the yield
of oats 22.4 per cent over oat stubblo,
and the whole pea plant plowed in
gave an increase of 51.9 per cent over
oat stubble and "a per cent over pea
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1902-09-09
HORTICULTURE
Harvesting Apples and Pears.

Correspondence of The Progressive Farmer.
The proper picking of apples and
pears has more to do with their keep
ing than many imagine. On a large
orchard where thousands of bushels
of these fruits are harvested the work
is apt to be rushed, and haste gener-
ally spoils a good deal of the crop.
Poor, ignorant and careless pickers
are also responsible for the spelling
of a good deal of the fruit. From
two to five per cent of the crop is
generally figured out as injured by
the picking and packing. The TX
perienced apple picker who works by
the day is worth more to the farmer
than two inexperienced men working
by the piece. The latter, in order to
count a great number of bushels for
the days work, will grow careless and
Indifferent. He will injure more
fruit than his services are worth.
I prefer experienced pickers en-
ployed by the day every time, espe-
cially in an orchard where fine fruits
are raised. For the export trade you
cannot afford any other kind of pick
er. Apples intended for this trade
should be raised on trees where the
fruit has been thinned out system
atically, in order to make each apple
grow its largest. Now on such a
tree you cannot afford to lose an ap-
pie by careless picking. Yet this may
be done by careless pickers so easily
that the profits will be seriously cut
into. I have seen beginners in their
haste to fill their baskets shake the
limbs where a few choice apples were
just beyond their reach. They not
only dislodge these fruits, but injure
many more on other branches. So
important is the picking that I al
ways begin early and employ only a
few pickers at a time. They work
under my supervision, and if the
limbs are shaken or the fruit unduly
bruised and pricked, some explana-
ton must be given. The apples are
all large and choice, and / expect
each n to be harvested without a
bruise. There is no reason why more
than half a dozen or so apples should
be dropped from each tree. IF more
are dislodged there is some trouble
carelessness or ignorance on the part
of the pickers. The employment of
boys to pick apples is generally a
great mistake unless the apples are
small and intended for the cider mill
or some local market. While the boys
cost only half the amount paid to
expert men pickers, the difference
will be found in the favor of the lat
ter at the end, especially where
choice apples or pears are raised. So
much depends upon the proper har-
vesting of apples and pears that it
may be said the packing and ship
ping are of only secondary impor-
lance. No bruised and pricked fruits
can be packed and shipped to keep.
First of all the fruits must be sound
and free from all injury.
S. W. CHAMBERS.
Nou VOrk
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1902-09-09
THE APIARY
HOW TO MAKE BEES PAY.
No. nI-To Control swarming.

suits from your bees, it is absolutely
necessary to control swarming. There
are several methods. Some practice
one, some another.
Clipping the queens wing, cutting
cut queen cells, and the use of ex-
cluders, are the three methods most
commonly ~practiced.
ExoLUDERs AND THEIR USE.
Now, where a man hasn't a sufi-
cient number of colonies to justify
him in giving them his entire time
during the swarming season, I would
advise the use of excluders, but un-
der no other circumstances. These
are made of perforated zine, and are
placed before the entrance of the box
about the time you think your bees
arc getting ready to swarm. The
perfOrations in the zinc are just large
enough to allow the worker bees to
pass through, but too small for the
queen to pass through. Therefore,
when a swarm issues she is held a
prisoner in the box. The bees, after
flying around for awhile, and finding
the queen is not with them will re-
turn to the box. But you may be
sure they will try it again the next
day, and for several days to follow.
Finally, finding that they cannot get
the queen out, they will give it up,
tear down the queen cells, and go to
work. After they have gotten fairly
settled and you are satisfied they are
over the swarming fever, you can re-,
move the excluder.
CLIPPING THE QUEENS WING.
Clipping the queens wing is a
method practiced extensively by men
who run large bee farms, or apiaries.
Early in the spring, as a rule before
the swarming season has fairly set in,
the boxes are gone through and one
wing only of each queen is clipped.
Then when a swarm issue later Gu,
the queen being clipped, of course
cannot fly and falls to the ground in
front of the box. Where this method
is practiced it is supposed that there
is some n constantly on the look
out. The queen is picked up and
placed in a wire-cloth box or cage,
then the box from which the swarm
has just issued is placed on a new
stand, and a new one put in its place.
The bees, of course, as soon as they
discover that the queen is not with
them will return to the old stand and
occupy the new box, it seeming to
them, and very naturally, hal it is
the one they left. When they are
going in the queen can be dropped
among them at the entrance and she
will go in also. The bees after their
fight, will at once go to work, and no
more swarms will issue, as a rule,
from this box during the season. The
old box being moved to a new stand
there is no likelihood of any swarms
from that either.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1902-09-09
CUTTING OUT QUEEN CELLS.

Now, if you have all the colonies
you want and do not care to increase
your bees and wish to throw your en-
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1902-12-06
SEVERE AT PHILADELPHIA
The Wind More Serious han the Snow
Little Effect on Mini g
-'tS'S -iISAtE VIZ '''s't' e.
(Rv Associated PreSS)


(By Associated Press0
HILADtLPHIA, PA, December o.
The snow and wind storm which swept
over the eastern part of PennsyiVanla
during the morning abated late this al
ternoon The fall of snow in this city
and surrounding country amounted 10
about four inches, but the greatest dam
age was done by the high wind. whicn
at IL O'Clock attained velocity OF h1ty-
four miles an hour.
Topographic communication between
this city and Pittsburg was practically
paralyzed, and suburban street car and
railroad traffic was badly crippled. One
life was lost as the result OF the blind
ing snow, and few minor accidents
occurred
In the anthracite coal region the fall
Of snow amounted to eight inches. but
mining operations were not seriously
interfered with. The only shipping dis
aster reported to the Maritime Exchange
was the sinking of the three-masted
schooner Virginia Rulon, at Assateague,
Va. about fifty miles below the Della
ware Breakwater. The vessel was lum-
ber-laden from Norfolk for Philadelphia
Her crew was rescued by the Assateague
life-saving crew.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1902-12-06
Obituary..
Mrs. MARY Chr. tan Copeland.


Mrs. Mary Christian Copeland, wife Of
Mr.. w. s. copeland, OF the editorial staff
OF The Times. died at their residence.
No 2tD7 Grove Avenue, yesterday after
noon at 5 o'clock. Mrs Copeland mad
been sick for about month. but ner
condition was at no time considered Sc
rious, and yesterday she was pronounced
by her physician to be greatly improved
Hr tr.el.us. too. were rejo!Ceu 10 ue-
lieye that they saw marked improve
ment in her condition. but little before
O. clock she suffered an unexpected and
inexpucap.e hemorrnase, from which she
died while the family and immediate
friends were being called to her bdside.
and tefors physicians could be sumnou-
ed
The death of this good woman removes
from the nome she loved So we'll to
still brighter home. a lovely Christian
character. OF modest. retiring. home
loving disposition her circle of ac-
quaintances was In measure limited.
but to those VINO knew ner well. her
pure life, her lovely character. her
thGughtfuIness and constant solicltuae
for the welfare and happiness nf others
and her unvaryins cheerful disposition.
were as a continuing benediction. From
childhood she was consistent discip:e
of the Saviour OF mankind and her short
life was made sweeter still by constant
service for the Master. She was com.
munIcant of st. James Episcopal
Church. OF this city.
Mrs Copeland was the only daughter
of John E. and CornelIa Grigg Christian.
She was born In LyncnburS- March ~.
1867 her father, who was a proiMheht
educator, being then the princ'pai of
school for girls In that city. Artefssards
and until his death. he was prGfesso!
oe mathematics In the Polytechnic Instl-
tute at Blacksburg Her mother died
when she was yet an infant, u..d she
was reared by her grandmother. Mrs.
wesley cr,ge. OF Petersburg. On the 18th
~ ,cfober. 1856, she was united IN mar
riage with Mr. Walter s. Copeland. who
WAS then the editor OF the DanvilIe
Register. and who. for the past six years
has been the principal edtoriaI writer on
the stan of The Times.
Mrs. Copeland is survived by her hus-
hand: her daughter. Miss Katherine: her
amt. Mrs. s. NJ Mullen, OF Petersburg:
her uncle, Mr.. Edward W. Grlgs. of Pc
tersburg, and also by her stepmorher,
Mrs J. E. Christian. OF chatham. Va.
The arrangements for the funeral have
not been perfected. The service will be
held at ST. James Episcopal Church prob
ably on Sunday. and the remains viii be
taken to Petersburg for interment In
Kiandford Cemetery.
1nmore Cole.
Veteran Gilmore Cole. an inmate OF
the Soldiers Home. died early yester-
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1902-12-06
Should CITY own
lighting PLANT?
Continued from First Page.)

ia mps at a tren endous cost TO the city
MIR. Allen takes the position that by
municipal ownership Of the lighting
.ll.a!ly, for he ma intains that in the flu
ture the contract price will increase, as
the Passenger and Power Company has
no competition
Mr.. Allen also argues that both the
water works and the gas plant have
proven good paying investments for the
city, and this being the case. there Is no
sood reaeon why an electric lighting
plant could not be made to pay hand
someiy.
Ii is natural to suppose that in case the
measure has a number OF Councilrnen
and Aldermen interested in the fight
which he has just undertaken. and peo-
Die wise in city politics say that there
is a probability Of a scrap similar In
MANY respects to TIL" one mad over
street railroad and telephone franchises,
when they were being considered a year
Or so ago.
It is natural to suppos that In case the
two committees decide upon a favorable
renort. and 1t looks as if the Council
seriously contemplates constructing 4
lighting plant of its own. the Passenger
and Power Comnany will come forth
with a proposition to sell to the city.
However, at this early date this Is
merely surmise and until after the
two committees have gotten together to
consider the proposition bsfore them 1t
is hard to state just what aspect the
matter will take.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1902-12-06
DEATH OF DR.. JAMES
A SHOCK To- FRIENDS
Abe DanyiIle Misister and Author
Wei. known Here.
TRUSTEE OF The COLLEGE
uecord Mem. er Of Tina, Body to Die
Dur.ng Pres "a, Session-Fresident
Of Roanoke Female College a.
Danvi le-Author, Minister.

The news OF the unexpected death yes
terday morning of DR. Charles F. James.
OF Danville, q trustee Of Richmond Col
lese widely known and able Baptist
minister and author, was great shock
10 his friends here. The following special
came from Danviile last night:
Ew. c. F. James. D. D., principal of
Roanoke Female College, died this morn
tns al 3:l5 clock from a stroke of paral-
ysis on Wednesday.
Or. james was Ifty-fivc years of age
and one of the best known Baptist divines
and educators in the STATE. He was q
native of Culpeper county.
The career of this minister is interest
ing He first came into prominence as a
CAPTAIN In the Confederate army. After
the war he was student al Columbia
University. He took a degree at Rich
-nond College and was graduated at the
Suu.fern Baptist Theological Seminary at
] Louisville Ky. He was fer long uTne
ppstor of churches at Culpeper and Buch-
anan and was afterwards connected with
The Allegheny Institute, al Roanoke.
He leaves wife. two daughters-Mrs.
Jn!ian Jordan. of Louisville, Ky, and
Miss Julia James-and four sons--Mayo
james, of Lynchburg; Charles James, OF
StCtIifiiiS. 80 c'i's 'SN,''S- y N'ASs
James.
The funeral services will be conducted
With Masonic honors from the First Zap
t.st Church tomorrow at $50 P. NJ
kilograms to DR.. Charles H kyiand' Oh
Richmond College. and the newspapers
conveyed the first intelligence to the
friends Of the family here. The effect al
Richmond College was startling. me
,ews had Just come that the dead booy
of one of its students had been found IN
the woods Only little while ago anoth-
er trustee. Colonel Tabb, had died, and
student. Mr.. Terrell, had fallen from
his bicycle and died from apopieNy IN the
street The entire college was saodened
feycnd measure.
DR.. James two years ago was CHOSEN 20
deliver the annual address On Memorial
Dsy in Hollywood. This was N recosm-
ton Of his studies in Virginia and nation
Ell history.
HIS discourse was considered mastery
vindication of the position Of the South
during the war between the states.
Dr.. Hatcher left on a late tram TO at
tend the funeral to-day. President BOAT
w,lcht would have gone but for the death
of Mr.. Broaddus. student.
DR.. James vas. perhaps best Known as
ths author of THE Struggle for Religious
Liberty in Virginia"
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1902-12-06
BRITAIN ALSO SUFFERS
Bitter Cold, Gales and Heavy Seas Are
Her Portion.
(By Associated Press.

LONDON, Dec. 5.-Bitter cold weather
continues to prevail through the United
Kingdom Gales and heavy seas inter-
fere with the Channel traffic, and there
have been many minor casualties among
the shipping. The fall Of snow is gen
eral. including the Channel Islands, which
is almost unprecedented. Londoners ex-
pect skating on Sunday.
kilograms from all parts OF Europe
record severe weather and snow. the
temperature beins several degrees neio"
freezing point. The Dutch canals are
frozen over and the haroor at Copen-
hagen is packed with ice and many ships
are ice-bound Heavy falls OF snow are
being experienced in the Alps, and some
Swiss villages are isolated. The Boroa
(thc dry land which sweeps across the
Adriadic from the Aips) is blowing with
great violence.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1902-12-06
BAD DAY FOX FAVORlTES
lack Den7und hs O.ly Oae Beaten in
New o ears Rsces.


NEW ORLEANS. La, DECEMBER o
Jack Derund was the only beaten ia
yorite In ine last race, Nobleman Stun
bled and fell, breaking his leg and had
70 be killed. There was general mix
up in the handicap. and Hack. on Jes-
s!e Jarbee was suspended Tor two weeks
for rough riding. The mare was DIS
qualified, and second place was gwen to
lack Demund Summaries:
First race-selling, one nl.le-Potheen
Is to q won, Judge Magee as to 81 Sc
cond. Lady Midas e to j third Time
l:s4
Second race-six furlongs-Bediam as
to s. won. Suburban Queen g 10 j Sc
conc. Pageant & to y third. Time
1:22 rs
Third race-selling six furlongs-John
Peters a to 81 won. Travers Is to y Sc
cord. Light Hunt GO to D third. Time,
1:1el-5.
Fourth race-handicap. one raile-Rell-
ing Boer, g to p won. Jessie Jarbee g
20 y finished second but was disQua'i-
fed: Jack peMund Il to lo> second.
Time. Lac 1-5,
Fifth race-mile and sixteenth-Atheola
g to 81 won. Compass Ql to 81 second.
Pierce J. 6 to u thru. Time LIS is.
Sixth race-seven furlongs-Crdnune Il
20 y won Au:ie B III to j second,
stratton 200 to u third. Time, l:S5 as.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1902-12-06
Df.L-yoIls:I
PERFECT
I Goth P0Nde Ter
AN ELEGANT TOILET LUXURY.
Used by people Of refinement
for over a quarter OF a century.

Bossieux follows:
| will endeavor In q brief manner TO
bring before our friends assembled mere
this evening the work of the p =. a
during the past year. II mas no. oeen
astounding or unprecedented, out It Iis.s
been steady, unremittlng ana very
isfactory.
The meetings of our board on the sec
onl Tuesday of each month are always
earnest and conscientious, and no mater
what unfavorable wea Their conditions eS
list or what other attraction Temps .no
members never fail to be prompt III a.
tendance and eager to discuss tne aee
tude Of those who handle our DUMP q ca
tules.
The S. P. C. A. exerts powerful. al
though sometimes an unobtruslve lnla-
ence, and If the dumb could speak theS
would ''arise and call us blessed.
From the smallest to the greatest o.
tho birds and beasts we extehu ou.
wstchful care. We are no respecters "
persons. He who roughly handles an an
ir1ailin the jurisdiction II the :. =. "a. -.
nus; stop his cruelty or else suter the
penalty.
The members generally of this soc1ety
assist in its working. We are not un :
mindful of the interest taken In our; soci
ETY. by the City Council. and were 1t not
for the liberal contribution from tiie
Council. as we'll as from some members OF
our Board of Directors, our society coul'.
not exist. We also feel indebted to the
daily papers for many courtesies and Tor
publishing our monthly reports
Our society consists of two hundred
and forty-five members; the annual dues
are two dollars for males and one dollar
for females. OF population of some one
hundred thousand it seems meagre CAL
culation that we should have at least
eight hundred or a thousand members III
this humane society We try to prevent
suffering and unkind usage, beneVlnS
firmly in the good old adage that an
ornce of prevention is worth pound OF
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1902-12-06

said:
..At the suggestion of the branch
manager. Miss Ruby Bodeker. a COM
mittee was appointed to confer with
Superintendent Fox in regard to intro
duce the humane system into the pub
lie schools AS an incentive to the in
culcation of these principles the Society
offers a reward erery three months to
the pupil bringing the best essay on.
the sd gacity and fidelity OF animals.
These prizes are offered in both white
and colored schools
The following officers were elected:
Captain Cyrus BosseuS, president; Dr.
jud. 3. Wood. first vice-president; Mr..
John Chamblin. second vice-pres'dent:
Mr.. Joseph Bryan. third president; Mr..
Ni"ginius Newton. fourth vice-prsidsnt;
MI. Jos. Bryan, third vice-president; Mr..
Nicginius Newton fourth vice-president;
dent; Mrs. S. n. Robins. secretary: Mr..
w b. Palmer. treasurer; Board of Dit
rcctors: Mr.. and Mrs w. Ben. Palmer,
Miss Pearl Bodeker. Mrs. ]. P. Dashie1l.
Mr.. William Rehling. Mr.. John Cham
bin. Mr.. E. c. Mayo, Mr.. 3. F. johnson.
and Mr.. H. G.. Carter. Mr.. E.. G. Taylor.
as rer
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1902-12-06
An,nraci II G Up.

Anthracite coal is expected to so up TO
SO Monday. This is charged TO the pres
ent cold snap and the consequent in
creased consumption OF fuel Anthracite
costs 81 at the mines and S9.1e to get it
here,
Mr. s. II. Fawes received yesterday the
tirst boat lead of anthracite TO corae here
since the strike ended. The iulns arc
large Mr.. Halves Is expecting fair sap
plies from now on.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1902-12-06
SEVERE IN THE SOUTH
Storm interferes With Wires ard Floods
Wash Awav Bridges.
By Associated Press.)

IEy .ASsOCIItSU
MEMPHIS. TENN, December 5.-The
rain and sleet OF last night in the .vtcini-
ty of Memphis was absent to-day but
the weather was colder and telegra ph
companies reported that communication
with southern and western points Is un-
certain Reports from Arkansas and
Texas state freezing weather prevails.
The cold wave reaches as far south as
Palestine. Tex. with heavy frosts at
Galveston, Houston and Beaumont.
In Western Louisiana. the Red River
Is at the danger line. and further rise
is predicted.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1902-12-06
A GUARANTEED CURE FOR PILES

Itching. Blind. Bleeding and Protrud!ns
Plies. No cure. no pay. All druggists
are authorized by the manufacturers of
Pazo Ointment to refund the money
where 1t fails to cure any case OF piles.
no matter OF how Tong standing. Cures
ordinary cases In SIX days; the worst
cases in fourteen days. One application,
gives ease and rest Relieves itching
Instantly This is a new discovery. and
1t Is the only pile remedy sold on pos
tive guarantee-no cure. no pay. Price,
30 cents
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1902-12-06
NEW. ENGLAND IS WRAPPED
Spirited Storm from the Gulf Brings in
Grim Winter.
fBy Associated Pres.

u! hSsoclale tieSS.i
BOSTON. MASS. December 5.-After
an unusual period Of calm. mild weather.
a spirited storm from the gulf brought
grim winter to New England to-day with
great suddenness. and for the first time
this season covered the entire region
VIII snow tn the depth Of eight inches.
The only shipwreck reported was that OF
a schooner which ran on Dog Bar break
water in Gloucester HARDER. No lives
were lost.
fishing vessel fror, Boston, the
James f. Clark ran in the breakers off
Manchester. Mass, this evening. but she
is expected to be pulled out OF danger.
Seven of the twelve men on board land
ed in safety. a bad railroad track. is due
to the storm. occurred at South Ashburn-
ham One brakeman was killed and an
other fatally injured.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1902-12-06
Miss Castieman in Norfolk.

fSn-cial Disnatch 20 The Times.)
NORFOLK VA. December 5-Mlss
Alice Castleman, the Kentucky beauty,
of Louisville, is expeced tc-morrow on
visit to her brother. Lieutenant Castle
man of the United States receiving ship
Franklin. Miss Cestlcra.'s coming has
occasioned considerable stir among the
younger set of navy and army ofiirecs
mere and at Old Point. She will receive
much society attention while ii, Nor
Yolit