davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily Republican., 1902-10-17
TOTAL DARKNESS WHILE EARTH
CAME BETWEEN Sun AND LUNA.

iy, The shadow crcpt on and on un.
I'll the iumn ferOu, actress Of til.
cJst was thrown completely in III.
Shale.
TIE sUn, like lIanle,'s f,thog's
ghost, played very important part,
but was not seen
The eclipse began at ll.2l.
Totai eclipse began at T.. 20
Middle eClipSc, l.O3.
End OF total eclipse, l.42,
Moon left shadow at ;. -.
As has been sug sestcd the night
was perfect, and The spectacle was
easily witnessed with the naked eve.
The phenomenon offered the great.
est DOsSbllltilS to those engaged in
astronomical research, as there was
nothing whatever, 50 far as this sec.
'iOn Of the country was concerned,
which iDterrercd with their making
The best .! the opportunity.
The moon was to all purposes
hiildcn for the time b,
lng. the shadow b:ing imDcnetrable.
Prior to the eclipse the earth was
flooded with light. but as The shad-
ow grew the aspect changed and the
brlIIiancy gave way to The darkness
Of mU0nlcss night.
The moon Is described by astron.
oners to Lave occupied IL place in
the southern heavens when Ovcrtak-
e" by tie SHADOW. However. it
seemed to pc hanging ught over
The shadow was first
visible on The eastern edge, passing
10 tile westward
The daily Republican., 1902-10-17
Minors Ready For nuainaxA.

SCRANTON. Pa, Oct. 17.--Of the
nnety-eisht c0ilierics operated by the
Delaware, Lackawanna and Western.
the Delaware And Hudson, the Temple,
the Erie and the Ontario and Western
companies, the five big carriers hav-
Ing headquarters here only two, the
Butler at Pittston and the Hallstead at
Duryen. which were allowed to food,
cannot he re0pened at opce-that Is,
within week from tho time the strike
is declared off. At forty-four Of these
places some work has been going on.
At uost of the others men to the num-
ber Of forty in some instances have
been underground for several weeks
making repairs, cleaning up falls and
cutting coal. The fact that there are
only 10000 nonunien men at work and
that 10000 OF the striking miners have
left the region or gone into other en-
ployment and will never return to the
mines and the further fact that the
colieries will be operated to their full
est capacity is certain to prevent any
possibility Of conflict arising between
union anG nonunion men because of
the one crowding out the other.
The daily Republican., 1902-10-17

BOSTON. Oct. 17-No nomination
for congress was made by the Ninth
district Democratic convention yester-
day afternoon, and tho proceedings
wound up in hurlyburIy fashion, phys.
ical encounters among the delegates
alone being stopped by the energy of
the police AS the time for filing the
convention nomination expired at 5
o'clock the convention will not recon-
vene, and the Democrats must resort
to nomination papers to he He'd before
8 p. N. today. The failure to nominate
was not unexpected. Five times the
convention sat, and in total Of forty
seven ballots taken the vote of 15s
delegates for the three candidates
scarcely varied from the start.
The daily Republican., 1902-10-17
HEAVY FINES IMPOSED.
Mary Jeans Had Revolver and
Knife as Weapons Of Defence.

Mary Jeans and Matthew Thomas
colored, were prisoners in the city
court this morning charged with
acting in a disorderly manner.
The woman dropped knife and
revolver just before being areest-
ed. A fine Of SO and costs was in
posed in each case.
/ Walter Primrose. colored. was
charged by Annie Pitts of 7O7 Lo-
Gust street with assault and battery
The testimony was that he was act
ing queer and for nothing beat
her over the head. We have been
living together for four years and
he has been going from bad to worse
making me pay the rent while he
did nothing, threatened my life
and | am afraid Of him. A fine of.
$50 and costs was imposed.
Joseph SSwartz pleaded guilty to
harhoring an unregistered dog and
was tined s. and costs.
William Chesney was charged
with violating the junk dealers
law. The first witness against him
was Frank Sheldon, aged 10 years,
who said he would go to the Chill,
lren's Home if be told u lie. He was
excused and George Sheldon .asti-
iel that he scld Nhe3ney tops Of
amps and copper for ten cents.
The prisoners was held in 500 bail
or court.
The daily Republican., 1902-10-17
SUDjMT OF FULL SUPPLY
Still BEING DISCUSSED

PHoplc arc sti.l wondering what
lhay will 60 for fuel through the com.
Ing winter. The aiori;y OF people
have very little colI AM the general
impression is that anthracite coal will
be scarce all winter Goa. oil is be-.
ing used as substitute by many peo.
po.r Li!.ic stoves, capable Of heat
log u room or Moderate dimensions
are convenient, AID can be moved at
RDy time from one place u another,
Most OF them are capable Of holding a
supply Of Oil that will last five or six
hours.
- Many people prefer wood to soft
coal, and The 8 ght Of load Of wood
Oh tic streets Of Wilmington is now
almost as common as coal carts for in.
eriy were.
? Twelve dollars cord for wood is
about the same thing a twelve dollars
q ton for coal. Such prices for fuel
were never paid in Wilmington be.
fore.
n Those who decided to use soft coal
have found that they can get
.A4bpg with 1t fairly we'll but it Is
Ept equal to anthracite In It's staying
Hualitles, and more frequent atten.
ton TO the fire Is necessary.
& tNhe piles Of old brush and wood
tfMssnltlng from the breaking Of trees
~ the sleet last winter have nearly
The daily Republican., 1902-10-17

, AL disappeared from Wilmington
properties, hut there is an abun.
dance OF su ch matter in the woods
onl Il short distance from town in
any direction. The farmers ought
to trim 1t up and sell it. Such ac.
ton would be good for the woodland,
ana also for their pockctbooks
Gas is now as cheap fuel as any
at the command OF Wilmington pco.
Pile, except It may be coal OIL aad
since cold weather began the con.
sumption Of gas has greatly increased
in some households.
Other things will advance in pro.
portion. Foods that require fire in
their preparation will cost more
money. The price Of board is al.
ready advancing, and the PROBABILITY
is that further advance Will take
place II the coal famine Continues
IN uch longer.
The very poor, who are dependent
on charity at all times, are likely to
be as well cared for as usual during
the coming winter. It is the great
number Of people with small in.
comes, who will suffer most. They
have to foot their own bills, and any
Increase in expenditure pinches.
Thoy do not complain, but tliey have
o economize, and the probabilities
ire that many people will 20 to bed
when they want 10 get warm.
The daily Republican., 1902-10-17
Cuba VIII Approve Treaty.

HAVANA, Oct. 17.--Husiness men
who have been called in to consult
with President Palma on the proposed
Cuban-American commercial treaty
feel assured that the cabinet will ap-
prove the proposition Of the United
States and that It will be sent to con-
gress within few days for adoption.
There Is some fear that the radical
element in congress will object to ap-
proving any commercial treaty without
first settling the question of coaling
stations and without being informed
clearly Of the intentions Of the United
States with regard to the enforcement
OF the Platt amendment.
The daily Republican., 1902-10-17
COAL SHUTE
MEN STRIKE.
Wanted Fourteen Cents an
Hour But Railroad Refuses
to Give it.

All the men cmpIo' ed at the coal
shutcs of the Pennsylvania railroad
company which are located at the
round house, in this city went
on Il strike yesterday afternoon. There
are seven men in the day shift and
seven in tie night shift.
Abou, two weeks ago the men went
to Superintendent Barnard and asked
for an advance Of one cent on II cents
an hour. They were tod 10 wait un-
I'll October i ipr an answer. On that
day they went to Mr., Barnard who
tod them that he could not give them
the advance.
Tie men returned to work and re-
NAMED until yesterday afternoon
when they wentout,
The railroad company has filed
their places with extra yard men who
viii do the work Until experienced
lplD can he obtained
The daily Republican., 1902-10-17
CONDENSED DISPATCHES.

Newark. y. j.. had Il one hundred
thousand dollar fire.
The cholera epidemic in Palestine
VAS reported 10 be spreading rapidly.
NJ. Firmin and other leaders Of the
llNitian rebellion have fed from the
country.
A Norwegian bark and n British
steamer were wrecked by gale on the
British CONst.
Eleven harscs. containing 10000
bushels nf bitUninous coal were sunk
In the Ohio river.
Late rrpcrt, are that the September
typhoon killed thousands in the north.
ern part Of Japan.
The United States court in San Fran
cisco temporarily cnjoincd The fo.ma-
tiOn OF the contemplated ca!t trust.
The daily Republican., 1902-10-17
s. s. ADAMS GETS
HELD UP SALARY.
City Council Pays Him For
Services He Did Not Per-
form.

$. S. Adams, Jr. is to receive a
salary Of $50 month from July T.,
1901 to August /, 1902 as Deputy
City Solicitor, a service he never
performed, and Philip i. Garrett,
who acted as Deputy City Solicitor,
will get no pay for the period. City
Council last night directed Bough-
ma to approve thechecks for salary
for a. l.. Hession and Harry !.
GiIlis, special clerks in the tax
office. This action was taken upon
the advice of City Solicitor Rein
hardt as the collectors had not been
instructed to dispense with the
extra clerks services.
The Society for the Prevention of
Cruelty to Children presented its re-
port showing that during September
1856 dogs were captured and imDound-
ed and 1lj We're killed. The re-
ceipts of the society were $25, which
had been deposited in the city
treasury.
Superintendent J. w. Aydon of
the police telegraph and fire alarm
system senta letter to Council call
ing attention to the fact that the
gong and indicator in the patrol
station is beyond repairs and advis-
ing that a new one be purchased at
the cost of 1915, The matter was
referred to the fire and police com
mittee.
City Treasurer Feaster reported
that the balance in the First Nat
ional Bank was Sl67, 1854, He al
SO reported receiving $500 from Tax
Collector Sayers 81, 100 from eX-Iax
Collector Lewis, and 5000 from Col
lector Mccall.
The petition Of SalIio b. Taylor
for a reduction otasses5Inent on her
properly at Front aud Union streets
Wa.s referred to the finance commits
tee The same action was tax
on a similar petition from DAVID
kosc Of No. 2tOl West street.
The daily Republican., 1902-10-17
Farewell R"ccpti0r.

A number OF members OF tie First
United presby ytcran Cnurcn, headed
by the Rev. and Mrs. j. J. UlstoA,
and daughter, went to pnlladal phia
last evening TO attend the farewell
reception At the Norris Square Uait.
ed Presbyterian Church IN honor Of
sixteen missionaries who leave New
YORK Tomorrow for Egypt.
All but tnre. are n!w missionaries
and Mr.. and Mrs, George NJ. paden,
OF AlieIhany, Pa , senl their dlu th.
ter as a missionary at Lhoir owu ex.
pense. The party is Sent out by the
nHard OF Foreign MIss!ols, OF Phill.
delphia.
The daily Republican., 1902-10-17
THE YOKEFELLGWS.
Auxiliary Organization Formed at
Y. NJ. G. A.

The Yokefellows is the name of an
auxiliary organization formed at the
Young Men s Christian Association
Building last evening. A conference
OF members Of the Association and OF
. City Churches was held. which was
addressed by General Charles Bird,
y. S. A.. and Lyman L. Pierce. gen.
eral secretary Of the Y. M. c. A.
There was a good attendance and
much interest was shown.
Il. J. Kuckert of Eas. Liverpool,
o., arrived here last evening and
assumed his duties as assistant sec.
retary. He will especially look after
the work OF the boys Department
and OF lem bership.
General Secretary Edwin o.
Sellers will leave this evening for
Knoxville, Tenn, where he will at.
tend the State Convention of the
Young Men $ Christian Association.
He will bs one OF the speakers On
his way back, Mr.. Sellers will stop
at Washington to attend Bible
Conference. He will reach Whining
ton again next Wednesday night.
The daily Republican., 1902-10-17
Has He Nerve to Do So in Face
Of Unfavorable Pros
>~ poets?
STORY AS TO THE PLAN
Was DR., Ball to Have Helped
Settle the Senatorial
Muddle?
BAIT DIDN'T CATCH lin.
Governor Talks Of Report
That Addicks May
Withdraw.

DR. {, T. Iavt,n s.r,e.,rv :,
State. is renortcd a tnI,rnjnr :,
member OF the I.an,sln,nra th;'
mornInr that lhc c.Ij lar , s,.c;,l
session of the IarisJ,tn. had nn.
yet been stoned that he did M.
know wheIhcr II w,plI ho icsnei mr.
not, aud il it wsre jssue1 it. wanna
| have to be jsaued Nv ,omnr,,r,
The purpose Of HAVING An ext,,
session Of The General Assembly js IN
furnish opnor,unitv far h,lInti,,, t,,r
TWO United States senators anI it
is supposed that tn plan to ,,Il the
legislators together REV ont Of An
| allcyed po,si5j!ity NAT ,tnnnng, v,,.'
could be secured to elcctJ EIwirI
Addicks as one of ths Senator,
Then too, the session woulI eo,hia
the Union RepuLIIcau, T., saw that
the Regulars prevented the State
securing representation in the SausIe
in case Of failure 10 elect
One story OF the schama i. thot
the CnionR ,publicans hoyrl TO brv
off DR.. l.. Heisler Ball, tha Rarular
Congressional nominee. prasum,hIv
bv making him one of the : ,n3t,rS
III return for his se.lriuy tua vDtas
of sOme of the Immortal seven" who
refused TO vote for him before C W.
ernur HUM, herring Of the 9 ham,
payp ont fine story t',at If ,,rt,i,
things came tp Das,. ho vpnJl r,II
an extra session
II the Union P,pub,in3 "a hon Il
to win Or, B2Irs hoIp thav ha~,
missed It
Even if he were foyorlh,, +,
them, he could not insure that
tno seven Regulars WouIddo bis bid
o'ng t
Regular leaders, IN locking over |
the REID, an1l"lrate no change in !
me seh'lm"htS OF members of the !
immortal seven, ana one OF III IN s
expressed the View to-day that ANY |
adal''ohal support AillcIS mlEl: ,
ger, would have to come from the
Democrats :
30 tlat the l)r Ball cooperation i
story IS not likely to pan out. "a
Another theory is that tho Al- 4.
dlchSltes may get vote or two q
from their tactlonal opponents and Z.
n' further assisted hy members re- :.
naming away from the Joint session ;,
a reduced ma jDrlty would i
b" needed. .,
On" Republican suggests that the
talk Of a call was bluff; that the :,
Jiutt has been called, and that the -
governor must either issue Il call or 81
The daily Republican., 1902-10-17
FARM LAND MORE VALUABLE
THAN FOR MANY YEARS.

That farm land in New Castle
county is more valuable today tban1
it has been for many years was
demonstrated yesterday when ona
tract sold at $75 rs an acre. 1t was
the 1l6 acre farm of the late Han,
nah Hollingsworth, near Wooddale,
which was sole by stidham and Son
to Alb Armour of Richardson Hill
for esTs7. .sMr. Armour tenants
the Lyman farm. s.S;,sss q ,s~ !
The sale Of the Hpllingywofth;
farm was Advertised III Tie DAILY
Republican. n, 4;
The daily Republican., 1902-10-17
CHRISTIAN ENDEAVOR Union.


The annual convention Of the Della
ware Christian EndeavOr Union will
be held i'll Georgetown on Wcdnes.
day, Thursday and Friday Of next
week The Rev, ! Franklin Bryan
will deliver the address Of welcome.
Thursday morning the Rev. James
l.; Nichols will speak on The need
Of a curfew law in Delaware" The
addresses will be feature Of each
days meeting and the committee
has secured the services of some well
KIN own orators: The closing services
which will be held on Friday even
ing will be conducted by Professor
We lis.
The daily Republican., 1902-10-17
The Battle Renewed,

CARACAS, Oct. Il Th" battle nrar
la Victoria has started again Accord
ing TO government reports received
here tie r"youtiOnists are said to be
losing the positions they Iaincd at
Cuji. and this notwithstanding the fact
that ihc government IS short Of aminu-
milton. General Matos is reported to be
at Villa dc tura with l.JW men. 1t
ID believed the government will obtain
ammunition from CNrNcNs.
The daily Republican., 1902-10-17
OUR BUTCHERS ... !.
HAVE GALA TIME.
Chester Visitors Are Royalty
Entertained by the Will
mington Beef Killers.

l
ers' Association Of Wilmington haG
as their guests yesterday their broth
er "Knights Of the Cleaver and
Block from Chester. The mem bers
of the Association met in German
Hall, and headed by the First Regi.
ment band, marched to the French
stteet station where they met the
Chesterites. From there the visitors
were taken TO the South Side park
where field day sports were held.
Alb out 500 friends OF the butchers
were present,
The game of ball was interesting
and several brilliant plays marked
the game. Seven innings were play
ed aud the score was 8 to s in favor
Of ths visitors The batteries were
Stern and McKeaig for Wilmington
and Senior and Taylor for Chester.
'Bert' Everson was umpire.
The wheel barrow races were laugh.
able and interesting, the sixteen con-
testants in the sack race giving the
spectators full value for their admis.
sion money. But the creased pigs
brought out real surprises for
colored men captured them and the
gold prses easily. Getting close to
the pig colored man would sudden
ly drop and quick as fash one arm
would encircle the shoals' neck and
that settled the race. Then the COW
eted prize was placed in barrel and
two colored men are cOnglatulating
themselves to-day on possessing gold
coins and $50 pounds Of pork each.
At the conclusion Of the field day
sports the visitors were escorted to
The German Hall where Il banquet
VAS served by Caterer Zimmerman.
The menu follows:
Crab soup. German style; Cold
Meats, Ham, Roast Veal, Tongue,
Pork; Prime Ribs Of Beef an jus.
French Peas. Mashed Potatoes; Salads,
Ch icken. cato: Relishes, Radishes, |
Red Beets, Onions; Mixed pickles, |
Olives, Celery, Fried Oysters, Cheese, |
Fruits, Coffee. Cigars, "Dosc Scher.
man Cocktails" "That Irish Disturb. !
lnce.'
Mark I. Mci[enna acted az toast
MASTER President Of City Council |
Blaine responded to the 10 asst Our
City, and in one Of his happy strains
the pleasure it was to Della
vare's queen city TO entertain tie
butchers from thesister city OF Ches-
The daily Republican., 1902-10-17

INDIANAPOLIS, Oct 17.-Simon
iandos who within the last half year
has given $4,000 to the board Of for
eign missions Of the Presbyterian
church and $4,000 to the Presbyterian
bonrd of h0me missions to he used in
Indiana. has Just forwarded sub
scription Of $4,000 to the presbytc-
rian national home mission board ut
New York. This makes total Of $751;
600 which h" has given to PRESBYTERIAN
missions during the summer and fall.
The daily Republican., 1902-10-17
Kepairing Steamer Nile.

The British steamer Nile has
been doeked at the ship Yards ofth 8
Harlan and Hollugsworth Com.
pany to haye repaired damages
caused by Wire hfwser, which had
been sarelessly thrown. oseSboard
by one q her officers, catching in
the propeller The blunder has cost
The vessels owners about $4,000.
The daily Republican., 1902-10-17
VIII Build New Church.

Mrs, Ellen Mitchell has sold TO
the congregation of tho Seventh
Day Alventists, a lot 5Oxl00 feet on
Howland steet west of Clayton, on
which church building will be
erected. The Adventist Consrega-
ton here numbers several hundred
members.
The daily Republican., 1902-10-17
ACCIDENTALLY ASPHYXIATED.
Charles H. Thatcher While eAsleep
Knocks Hose From Gas Stove.

AnOckS hose IRON LAS StOVe.
Charles H. Thatcher, Of 1908 Penn
sylvania Avenue, was asphyxiated
at his home yesterday afternoon
while taking a nap in tho sitting
room. He returned home from the
Pusey and Jones Company's works,
whore he had been employed for
many years rs draughsman. Go
ing to the room he sat in read
ing chair. When Mrs. Thatcher re-
turned from shopping trip she
found her husband dead. A book
lay on his lap and the hose from
gas stove near his feet was off the
jet, showing that while asleep Mr.
Thatcher kicked off the hose.
Coroner Frick has given a certii-
cate of death in accordance with the
facts.
Mr. Thatcher was 50 years of age
and leaves a widow and four chill
dren.
The daily Republican., 1902-10-17
THE WEATHER.

In the Middle States and New Eng.
land, to day, cloudy weather will
prevail, with cooler temperature
and south westerly winds.
On Saturday cloudy weather
and cooler temperature will prevail
with variable winds.
The thermometer at w. q. Taylor's
drug store 800 King street today reg.
istercd as follows: Rsgs
7 O'clock 10 O'clock \ 10 clock 4 Z
63 615sf 'ss e.
The daily Republican., 1902-10-17
Work At Pullman Shops,

Work is becoming brisk at the 70:
cal plant of the Pullman Palace Car
Company. many cars coming into
the shops in large numbers for re-
.psiyAfI Every day cars afe complet-
y. III sent out on the road to take
% mad Sc Of those In for repairs n
The daily Republican., 1902-10-17
MINERS WILL MEET
TIy CONVENTION
NEXT MONDAY.

. conyoi,t!n,!. uIr the orilcers are conn
dont 'tat i'H opposition will disappear
when Mr. Mitchell explains all the
fcat,I ea al the modified proposition t0
"a. dn'!aa..;n-
Ii tue plaus OF the strike leaders
are not dsawansed, Il general resump-
tioA,of nii@ias vii! take place about
neyf"l!i thursday. 1t is expected that
the convention vii! last Two days and
that Cher" ",il i:n al iESarv2l OF one
day f"o!a the ;i..i2 the convention ad-
tGU"il% ,i".it the time set for the men
to ~ Lav!. 50 the sinc+. II the con
vc"t.yH >A"u'I be- Ia session on
.ilt "n"'': "Gt lake place until Friday.
Th'lr viii not be enough work at
.ir.: f"" al! The strikers, as it is the in.
i"ltiUI e. IL" companies not to dismiss
u" H"Arniun men who have stood by
th"n caring the strike. The organiza.
t.':n viii take care of such other men
rs are unable TO find work. 1t is esti.
mated that all the strikers will not
find work until two or three months
have elapsed. This Is due to the con-
dItionS Of he mines. Some of them
are wholly or partially flooded, and
others need repairing.
The coal companies, anticipating the
ending Of the strike next week, are
busily engaged in preparing for re-
sumption. Tens Of thousands of coal
ears are in the regions ready for load
Ing, and extra efforts will be made in
moving them to the large distributing
centers once mining IL resumed. 1t Is
estimated that moro than 200 Of the
$50 collie-ios will be In operation by
the cid OF next week and will produce
enough coal TO relieve the situation.
An authority in coal mining said the
coal companies as a result Of the strike
are 30,00O,O0O tons behind. ".
The daily Republican., 1902-10-17
, LAST CHANCE TO REGISTER.
Many CitiHcus Have Not Yet
Attended to lmpovtant Duty,

Tomorrow being the last day for
registration, the booths wiIl be open
from O'Clock in tie mprning 10 :
O'Clock in the evening. There are
great many men who have not yet
qualified themselves to vote a! the
cIeclion on November 4lh. There
are 50 many YET to register that tho
officers ought to have busy day to.
n,"rrQw 1t behOovcs all VITO can 10
attend to this ma! yor early ia lhe
day and thus avoid a possible rush
about the time fer closing the booths.
Government Sells conae mncd stores.
At the Government Buoy Station
near Edgemoor, yesterday, large
collection OF miscellaneous stores
were sold by Lighthouse Board
officials. Whistling buoys, hell
buoys. furniture, stoves, spar buoys,
and a lot Of chains were purchased
by persons in attendapce from Phil
adelphia, Chester, and this city, n,
About two hundred people attend. Il
cd the sale and. paid good prices Tn J
the gooda ;jsI @
The daily Republican., 1902-10-17

! ~ - II the absence Of tho pastor, tho
Rev. Philip B. cabell, Mr. William
EHoa aeorge r., Of Philadelphia will
read aud conduct the ssrvioas in the
ehurco q ths New Jerusalem sun,
The daily Republican., 1902-10-17
Completing OfSl,Ops,

The new shops the Lobdell Car
Wh eel Company is erecting at its
local plant are about completed.
A large force Of carpen ters started
e. ! i Gay Y ! to erect We a9lns work Of
The daily Republican., 1902-10-17
Building Life Boats.

The boat shops Of Thomas Mum
are busy just now, Several metallic
life boats are in course Of tonstruc-
tion ir the shops for New, York
and other hrme. >.
The daily Republican., 1902-10-17
FIRST FOOT BALL VICTIM.

JaMes NNMNNOn Had IIs AIM
Broken Yesterday,
James McMahon, aged 10 years
OF l6 Rockford Road is the first VIC.
tim Of the present foot ball season.
He with number of boys about
his own age, were playing foot ball
in Rockford Park yesterday after
noon after school hours, VIII en- In
one Of the scrlmmages y Dung
Mcmahon had an arm roken.