davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Vernon County censor. [volume] (Viroqua, Wis.) 1865-1955, 1902-07-16
A Poor Miliin,,aira

INA gains. W
Vernon County censor. [volume] (Viroqua, Wis.) 1865-1955, 1902-07-16
Mother ALWAYS Keeps II Handy.

For big little things, give me a nail
in the shoe or conscience.
Crittenden press. [volume] (Marion, Ky.) 1879-1907, 1902-05-15
FACTS ABOUT CUBA.

Cuba contained at the time of the break
ing out Of the last revolution 1900 farms,
ranches and plantations, valued at 500, OO0,-
OOO
No less than five minor revolts occurred
in Cuba between 1878, the date of closing the
ten years war;" and 1894 when the last
war began.
From 1927 to 1864 Cuba contributed direct
ly to the Spanish treasury the sum of $780,
600, 900. Since 1867 the island has contrib
uted but little directly to the Madrid treas
ury, but indirectly much Of the entire rev
enue of the island has reached Spain.
From the eastern end Of Cuba to Hayti is
81 miles, and to Jamaica IS miles; from the
northern shore on the western end it is SO
miles to Florida, and from Cape San An
tonic, the western extremity OF the island,
to Yucatan is 100 miles
Cuba is nearly seven times as long as Long
Island. 1t stretches from point about even
with New York City on the east to Cincin-
matt on the west, a distance of $50 miles. In
width it is nowhere greater than 100 miles,
while at places it is as narrow as 20 miles.
There are 300 small islands and keys ad-
jacent to and belonging to Cuba, and these,
with the main island, comprise an area of
about 5000 square miles.
Cuba had at the close of the war with
Spain about 1000 miles of railway divided
into a number of small lines. Since the
evacuation of the island by Spain Sir Viii
liam Van Van Horne, the builder of the Can
dian Pacific railway, has been building a
new trunk line that, when completed, will
traverse the island from one end to the
other, and, with its various branches, will
comprise more than another thousand miles
of railway line. The main line of this road
from Santiago to Nipe, in Santa Clara prov
ince, is now nearing completion, and will be
opened to traffic in the early summer, and
the remainder of the system will be pushed
to completion as rapidly as possible. The
older lines of railway are practically all in
the western portion of the island, and sew
eral of them center at Havana, or connect
with Havana.
Crittenden press. [volume] (Marion, Ky.) 1879-1907, 1902-05-15

The beet and cane product both considered,
Cuba is surpassed by but one country, Ger
many, with one and one-half million tons, as
a~sugar producer, and is cqualed by but one
other, Austria.
Cuba has exported in one year more than
5000 900 pounds of leaf tobacco and more
than 1874, 100000 cigars in addition to heavy
exports of baled tobacco OF less valuable va
rieties.
The shipping of nine Cuban ports, which
includes Havana, for the year 1894 amount
ed to {, 53s, 500 tons, carried by 3,lS4 vessels.
The above three paragraphs give gen
eral idea of industrial Cuba of the past !;
they can scarcely be classed as even pro-
phetic Of the future.
Cuba and the adjacent small islands be-
longing to it occupy an area of 1000 square
miles-a little less in size than the state of
New York. OF this total area less than 10
per cent. has ever been under cultivation;
four per cent. is classed as forest land, and
large quantities OF the remainder is virgin
soil awaiting development by a progressive
people under q progressive government.
When such a people under such a govern
ment have turned this uncla aimed area into
productive territory we shall have the Cuba
of the future.
But to go back again to the Cuba of the
past. Cane sugar development has been
confined to the vast central plain lying to
a great extent in Matanza province. In the
season of 1929 this great plain yielded
l,O54,2l2 tons Of sugar, valued at $50, 900, 900.
The sugar plantations of this territory
vary in extent from 100 to 200 acres, and
employ an average of one man to each two
acres under cultivation.
For several years the sugar industry in all
the West Indian islands has been in a de-
plorabe condition, but different causes
must be assigned for the condition in Cuba
than for the other islands. In Cuba it has
been the series of rebellions and insurrec-
tions that have caused the decline of the
industry. During the periods of compare
tive peace the industry has prospered, and
the reason may be found in the fact that the
Cuban planters have gone about the produc-
ton OF sugar on a large scale, and equipped
with the most modern machinery.
While sugar is the staple crop of first i'm
portance in Cuba tobacco has an important
place in the islands industries, and is even
more valuable than sugar when the acreage
under cultivation is considered. As Matan-
zas is the center of the sugar industry so is
Pinar del Rio the center of the tobacco in
Crittenden press. [volume] (Marion, Ky.) 1879-1907, 1902-05-15

were their operations directed against the
Spaniards IN Cuba alone, but in every part
Of the western world where the Spanish flag
hoated.
II was not until late in the eighteenth and
early in the nineteenth centuries that the
people Of Cuba began to think seriously Of
freedom. or rather Of Fighting existing
wrongs, and forcing from the mother coun-
try a more liberal form of government
Englands colonies had thrown of the yoke
Of oppression, and the seed of freedom that
had sprouted on the mainland had been car
ried to the island. Agrievanee that brought
with It armed resistance came in 1895 when
Spain withdrew the ship building yards
Crittenden press. [volume] (Marion, Ky.) 1879-1907, 1902-05-15

army, which increased rapidly until it had
reached the numbers of 1900 men, but the
ability OF Spain to furnish war materials
and fresh troops was greater than that Of
the insurgents, and the rank and file OF the
Cuban army began finally TO tire OF the
struggle. From lS73until February, 1878, the
war dragged along in a desultory way, and
finally ended with the peace OF San Antonio
which guaranteed pardon to all who had
taken part in the conflict, and representa-
ton for Cuba in the Spanish cortes.
1t was during this war, in 1873. thatthere
occurred the incident of the steamer Nir-
ginius which came so near resulting in war
between Spain and the United States, and
which did result in some pointed CORE
spondence between officials Of the two coun-
tries, and the execution as pirates at San
tiago of SO persons.
The incidents of the last revolution that
started in 1894 and led to American inter
vention for the paciication and liberation
of the island are too well known to need
any recounting here. The leaders who
focked to the Cuban standard were men
who had fought for Cuban freedom from
lS6S-7S. Jose Marti started from New York
in February, 1895, Gomez, Antonio and Jose
Maceo, Crombet, Cebreco, Borrero, Angel
Guerra and a score Of others gathered again
on Cuban soil from different points TO again
begin the fight for Cuban freedom. In time
Garcia, Robi, Rivera and others joined
Crittenden press. [volume] (Marion, Ky.) 1879-1907, 1902-05-15
AMERICAS FIGHT FOR CUBA.
We Have Done Battle Not Only with
the sword Hut with the scrub
bling Brush a. Well.

SO fresh in the minds of the American
people are the events of the historic summer
Of 1893 that they really need no recalling at
this time when the complete fruition of the
objects of the struggle between the United
States and Spain are now TO be realized in
the establishment of that Independent gov
eminent in Cuba which this government
guaranteed when it declared the welding of
the sword for the islands independence to
be a part of our duty.
The destruction of our good ship Maine;
the declarations and appropriations voted
by congress; the modelling of armies and
fleets; the victory of Admiral Dewey at Ma
Mia; the dispatch Of troops to Santiago; our
naval victory off that hsrbor; the fall of the
city; the capture of Porto Rico, and SPANS
cry for peace at almost any price, all these
incidents need but a mention to recall them
to the minds Of the people Of this country.
History was never made more rapidly than
it was made during that summer, and it was
history Of which the country and the world
may well be proud in after years.
With the sword we drove Spain out OF
Cuba, our soldiers and sailors reaped won
Crittenden press. [volume] (Marion, Ky.) 1879-1907, 1902-05-15

derful victories in rapid succession, but
Spain left behind her harder struggle than
her armies or her fleets had given us-it was
with dirt and disease.
How well Gov. Gen. Wood has conquered
this foe is evidenced from the health reports
from Cuba. First at Santiago, and later
throughout all the island he has persistently
fought the battle for clean cities and good
sanitation until to-day Havana, instead of
being the breeding ground of all the various
types OF malignant fever, is considered as
healthful as almost any city in the United
States. He has taught to the Cubans the ne
cessity Of cleanliness, lesson they are not
likely TO soon forget.
He has done more than this. He has
opened the public schools, and has so ex-
tended the system that practically all the
children of school age have now offered
them the advantages ofan education, and has
instilled in the hearts of the people desire
for learning, a desire which their own gov
eminent will now be in position to fulfill.
Gen. Wood, as the representative of the
American people, has builded government
OF the people, for the people and by the
people of Cuba into whose hands our coun-
try can nov safely place the reigns of con-
troll, and Gen. Woods name must be added
to the list OF Cuban heroes whose memories
will long live in the hearts Of the people of
"the ever faithful isle"
Crittenden press. [volume] (Marion, Ky.) 1879-1907, 1902-05-15

from Havana to reestablish them at her
home ports. The industry had existed in
the island from l726, and the closing of them
was bitterly resented. But Cuba at that
time demanded only her rights as loyal
colony, and not the absolute freedom for
which she has since fought.
During her earlier history the develop
ment OF Cuba's great agricultural resources
progressed but slowly. Her ports were
closed to the commerce of all the world save
Spain, and it was not until after circum-
stances which Spain had opposed for years
but which finally overcame her, that the
Cuban planters began to really realize the
narrowness of Spanish rule. The change
that began to be apparent in the colonial
policies of other European nations early in
the last century was not shared by Spain,
who but attempted to draw the lines
tighter.
This fact is evidenced by the issuance of
the royal decree of May %, 1925, defining the
functions of the captain generals of Cuba,
decree which invested them with prac-
tically the powers of oriental despots, and
this decree remained in force until Spain
had been driven from the island.
Even before the issuing of this decree
had come the first attempt to break the rule
Of Spain. Secret political societies had be-
gun organizing as early as 1920 under the
name of "Soles de Bolivar" and in 1923
these societies made an attempt at open re-
volt. But the attempt was fruitless of re-
suits other than the arrest and punishment
Of the leaders.
The next revolution came in 1926, and was
planned by Cuban refugees in Mexico and
Colombia. The scheme included the lead
ership Of the great liberator, Simon Bolivar,
but it resulted in nothing tangible through
lack of adequate support. The same lead
ers attempted to organize another campaign
for the freeing of Cuba during the years 1927
30 this time including among their support
ers many persons in the United States, but
this plan was frustrated through the inAu-
ence of the slave interests in both this ~oun-
try and Mexico.
Another revolution came in 1884 in which
the principals were the slS yes on the sugar
plantations about Mantanzas. With some
Crittenden press. [volume] (Marion, Ky.) 1879-1907, 1902-05-15

difficulty Spain suppressed this revolt, and
punished in various ways ! ,340 Of those con
victed Of participating in it, but the seed Of
liberty then planted resulted in later years
in the patriots who fought the long ten
years war, and again those who led to ulti-
mate victory the forces OF Cuba in the last
war.
The next Cuban revolution, started year
later, was led 10y an exoflicer in the Span
ish army, Narciso Lopez. He was unsuc-
cessful at the time, but his efforts led final
ly to the attempt OF this government TO
purchase Cuba from Spain in 1913. The
overtures made to the Spanish government
by President Polk were of no avail, however,
and Lopez continued his efforts at liberia
ton until he was finally captured by the
Spanish authorities on Cuban soil and exc
cuted in 1851.
In 1854 came both the attempt OF Gen.
Quitman, Of Mississippi, for the invasion Of
Cuba which resulted disasterously to the
leaders, they being captured and executed,
and the Ostend Manifesto which recon-
mended the purchase of Cuba for $40, 0O0,
600. But this, like the previous attempt at
purchase, came TO naught, and the island
was left to drag along in comparative peace
until the breaking out of the ten years
war" in 1868.
II was this long struggle that brought to
the fore such men as Gomez, Garcia, Palma
and many others destined to live in the his
tory of the new republic as the names of
Washington, Lee, Putnam and a score of
others live in our own history. They are the
grandest names Cubans will ever know;
true patriots, who yet live to guide the young
republic through it's first troubled waters
with the same courageous hands that taught
the Cuban soldiers to match Cuban strategy
and daring against the heavier forces of
Spain. To this list must be added that Of
Maceo and the Others who sacrificed their
lives in the last struggle for Cuban freedom,
but demanded of Spain dear price for the
sacrifice.
The story Of the "ten years war" is a
story Of ten years OF hardships and sacrifice.
II brought with il the first declaration of
Cuban independence, signed on October 10,
1868, and also the first election Of Cuban
officers including president and vice presi-
dent and the appointment of cabinet of.
fcers.
II was Carlos NJ de Cespedes, at the head
Of 1913 alarmed men, who started this con
hict, and who issued the proclamation OF
Cuban independence at Yara. Cespedes was
a lawyer Of Bayamo at the beginning of the
war, but he was a natural leader Of men,
end soon had 1900 men with which to OPP
pose Spain. IL was he who virtually wrote
the first Cuban constitution which was
promulgated at Guaimaro on April TO- 1869.
For the first two years Of the war success
attended almost every effort OF the Cuban
Crittenden press. [volume] (Marion, Ky.) 1879-1907, 1902-05-15
"The Ever Faithful Isle,

Cuba has been known the world over as
'The Ever Faithful Isle" a name it re-
ceived at the time the Spanish Bourbons
were deposed by Napoleon in 1908. At that
time each member OF the provincial Cuban
council took an oath to preserve the island
for its legitimate sovereign. The island con-
tributed voluntarily S5,OO0,OOO to the Span
ing treasury during the Napoleonic wars,
and declared war against France for depos-
ing the Spanish sovereign. For such fidelity
the Cuban people were rewarded by having
taken away from them the rights of their
provincial council, and imposing upon them
line of captain generals whose despotic
rule continued down to the day this country
wrested the colony from the hands of the
Dons.
Crittenden press. [volume] (Marion, Ky.) 1879-1907, 1902-05-15

summer OF 1898, when, with the assistance
of the United States, the patriots banished
their oppressors from the island forever.
Almost from the day of the Spaniards'
first landing in Cuba until the signing of the
peace protocol that put a stop to the war
OF 1893 the Dons had found it necessary TO
meet opposition to their reign by the use
of armed force. This opposition was not at
all times of sufficient vgor to be dignifed
by the name OF revolution, but it was CON
slant. For many years it was more of
sea fight than land fight and was carried
on by the buccaneers whose object was to
drive Spain from the western seas, not be-
cause they were friendly to the native
Cubans, but from motives of revenge against
the mother country, and as allies of other
European nations at war with Spain. Nor
Crittenden press. [volume] (Marion, Ky.) 1879-1907, 1902-05-15

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Crittenden press. [volume] (Marion, Ky.) 1879-1907, 1902-05-15

tuAlly no resistance from the natives save
from one chief, Hatuey, a refugee from His
PAMELA, or Hayti as now called, where be
had witnessed the barbarities of the new
corners and resented their invasion OF his
new home, as he, unlike the others, knew
from terrible experience what such com
ingmeantto the native people. But Eatuey
like many others who came after him in
later years, was unsuccessful in opposing the
wll of the Dons, and paid for his desire for
freedom with his life, being burned at the
stake as fugitive slave.
Spanish oppression and Spanish cruelty
reigned in Cuba from that day until in the
Crittenden press. [volume] (Marion, Ky.) 1879-1907, 1902-05-15
havana Twice Burned.

The city of Havana has twice been de-
stroyed by fire set by French privateers.
The first destruction occurred in 1898, soon
after the city was founded, and to prevent a
repetition of the disaster Fernando de Soto,
then governor of the island, built the first
Of the fortresses intended for the defense Of
pr oved ineffective, for the city was again de-
'troyed by the French in 1854, After this
the Punta and Moro fortresses were built.
Crittenden press. [volume] (Marion, Ky.) 1879-1907, 1902-05-15
AYear of cuban Prosperity.

The year 1892 was the most prosperous in
Cuban history for almost half a century.
During that year the value of the island ex-
ports amounted to $S9, 500 900, and the i'm
ports to $50, 100000 OF the exports $S5, OOO,-
600 were classed as vegetable, 1880, 900 az
mineral and $75O9o0 as animal.
Crittenden press. [volume] (Marion, Ky.) 1879-1907, 1902-05-15
RESOURCES OF CUBA
Her Greatest Wealth Lies in a Fer
tile and Productive Soil.
Possibilities of Sugar and Tobacco
Cultivation Judged by the Rec
ords of the Past-VaIuable
Woods, Fruits and Minerals.

URING years of peace in the past
Cuba has produced more cane su-
gar than any other country in the
world. She produces more than
twice the cane sugar manufac-
tured in Java, her nearest com
petitor, and more than FIVE times
as much as is produced in any
other country. In exceptional
years her production of sugar has
passed the one million tons mark.
Crittenden press. [volume] (Marion, Ky.) 1879-1907, 1902-05-15
Captured by Morgan.

The buccaneer Morgan captured and
plundered Havana in 1869, just previous to
his exploits at Panama and along the Pa.
cifc coast of Central and South America.
Crittenden press. [volume] (Marion, Ky.) 1879-1907, 1902-05-15
FIGHT FOR FREEDOM
The Long, Desperate Struggle That
Brought Cuban independence.
n Hogan Almost with the First Set
clement Of the spaniRrd. In the Is
handsome Men whose Names
and Deeds WIN Live In.
Cuban History.

UBA'S fight for freedom from
Spanish rule may be said TO have
begun almost before the Dons
became masters OF the island.
When, in 1871. the son Of Co
lumbus determined to take pos.
session OF Cuba in the name Of
Spain he selected Diego Nelas-
queE to command an advance
guard, as It were. Of some 300
men- This force met with viz
Crittenden press. [volume] (Marion, Ky.) 1879-1907, 1902-05-15
A Great Cuban Disaster.

One of the greatest disasters in Cuban his
tory was the hurricane of October IA, 1870,
in which some 1000 lives were lost
Crittenden press. [volume] (Marion, Ky.) 1879-1907, 1902-05-15

them, and what Spain at first believed to be
but the beginning of a negro riot that could
be suppressed within short time proved to
be the final conflict for Cuban freedom, a
conflict that has waged on sea and land for
more than a century.
WRIGHT A. PATTERSON.
Crittenden press. [volume] (Marion, Ky.) 1879-1907, 1902-05-15

was under this banner which represent the youngest or the worlds
freedom a
when
o the
the Of
is blem
that will the all buildings
it be dwth a
n
o
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1902-11-17
HIDDEN AZTEC RELICS.
Remarkable Story Of q Discovery by
Americans in Mexico.

Hermosillo. Mex, Nov. 15.-A re-
markable story. duly authenticated. Of
the discovery of hidden Aztec treasures,
has just been reported to the govern
ment authorities at Topic by Rev. Pablo
MARITIME, the parish priest of Yesca.
The priest makes statement. which
is concurred in by several reliable wit
nesses, that party of Americans
headed by an archaeologic expert, who
gave the name of Heverick, arrived at
Yesca several weeks ago and went from
that place into the mountains, accom-
panied by three Mexican guides.
The archaeologist obtained his bear
ings by means of chart which he
claimed to have copied from an Aztec
stone tablet in the national museum in
the City of Mexico. He loca ed vast
cavern in a mountain near Yesca.
Immense stone images stood about
this chamber. In one end was hand
some pillar, above burned bright
fame supplied by natural gas from a
natural crevice in the wall. In room
adjoining this main temple was found a
great store of ornaments and utensils
belonging to the Aztecs or some other
prehistoric race. Twelve burros were
required to transport the articles to San
Bias where they were shipped to San
Francisco. accompanied by the Ameri-
cans. As such articles cannot be re-
moved from Mexico without the con-
sent of the government an investiga-
tion is in progress.
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1902-11-17
PUBLIC LAND GRABBED.
Many Illegal Entries on Tracts in
California.

San Francisco, Nov. Is. State Min
eralogist Aubury has sent to the secre-
tary of the interior report, prepared
under his direction, by Horace Stevens,
which contains many detailed state
ments going to sustain the charge that
government lands in California are be-
ing secured by false pretenses. The
state mineralogist and the Sacramento
Valley Development Association, being
satisfied that mineral lands in this state
were being secured under lumber en-
tries, and that timber lands were being
taken under placer locations, memorial
lied President Roosevelt to withdraw
from entry part of the public domain in
this state pending an investigation.
The response to this was an order tenn
porarily Withdrawing from entry the
lands in the Snsanville district.
The first result of the investigation is
the report of Mr.. Stevens. 1t gives
facts, including names and figures, to
show that hundreds of thousands of
acres OF land have recently been taken
up under various laws by very small
number of persons.
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1902-11-17
Jumped Into the Lake.

Spokane. Nov. 13-Mrs. Nora Rudy
quarreled with her lover, F J. Whitney,
at Harrison. Idaho, and left him in a
fit of anger. She went down to the
waters edge and engaged the little
steamer Powderhorn to convey her to
the other side OF the lake. When
about half way across, the woman
walked out to the stern of the boat.
The captain told her to come back, but
she refused. He returned to his work
of firing the tug, when he heard a
scream and saw the woman struggling
in the water. She sank before assist
ance could reach her.