davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Virginia citizen. (Irvington, Va.) 1891-1921, 1902-04-04
TREE BLAzss AS EVIDENCE
Courts Accept Them In Preference
10 TeSlInnrax NJ Title Dceds

courts Accept Them I'm Preference
10 Testimony OF Title Deeds.
Tnere Is in the rooms OF the engi-
neering department at the Massachu-
sets Institute OF Technology one OF
the most curious collections in the
country. 1t consists of dozen ''blazes"
cut from tree trunks and serves the
young surveyors who are trained at
the institute AS an object lesson in the
importance OF peculiar kind of evil
uence that is accepted as final by the
law courts OF the northern states in
iand disputes when carefully drawn
plans ana properly attested title deeds
nave been set aside as Enthusiastically.
blazes, the sharp. CHANGING cuts in
Tree which expose the fresh wood be-
meath the bark. are not only used to
Indicate the course OF n trail through
the woods, but are employed by the
surveyor to mark the direction taken
Dy the Imaginary line which divides
Forest tracts of different ownership, SO
knowledge of how this is done and
or how to distinguish blazes made a
generation or more ago is a very neces-
sary part of the equipment of the
modern civil engineer.
In marking trees the surveyor fol-
lows as closely as may be the exact
boundary, cutting into the fresh blaze
hrst an arrow which points the direc-
uon In which his line passes, then a
private device which stands for his sig
nature. In states where townships are
laid out with regularity and set off at
their corners by stone monuments"
the surveyor also registers the distance
ana direction of this fixed landmark at
each even mile. So, no matter how
careless he may be in his written de-
scriptions or how far in error in his
calculations, he leaves "on the spot''
evidence of his measurements which
Is tneHaceable so long as the trees re-
main standing.
The permanency of the records kept
IN TINS way on tree trunks is remark
aple, nature having provided that
Whlle tree adds new layer of bark
each year blaze can never heal over
entirely, the wound simply drawing
together and forming an outer cover
ing which never attaches itself to tho
inner core. AT first this scar appears
80 Nh iHtShtbliOu, Dul IN u1Qe It's thick
ened edges turn outward and form an
eScrescence, so it is always to be de-
tected by the experienced woodsman
ana can be cut out in the presence of
witnesses and brought into court.
These curious bits of evidence gain
their Importance largely from the fact
that they cannot be made to lie in any
particular, for nature has arranged
that they shall fix dates as accurately
as they preserve inscriptions. The
outer shell which has grown over the
blaze is sawed away and the rings in
the wood beneath the bark arc count
ed, and in the northern states, where
the difference of seasons is so sharp
that tree has never been known to
take on more than one layer in year.
their count fixes the year when the
record was made with absolute exact
ness. In most of the southern states.
of course, this rule of date does not
hold, since n tree may take on more
than single ring each year In \ mild
or climate
Virginia citizen. (Irvington, Va.) 1891-1921, 1902-04-04
The PEARRE E. CR0Wl CO..
Corner Light and Lombard SITS.
BALTIMORE. MD.

Who have been advertising with us for
several years, make a specially of sun
plying stock certificates and seals to
newly incorporated companies.
ANY concern about TO incorporate
would do well to write for their samples
and prices
The publishers of the CITIZEN have
had occasion to patronize this firm ON
several occasions and have no besitoncI,
In recommending their work.
Virginia citizen. (Irvington, Va.) 1891-1921, 1902-04-04
From Helen Keller. AutobIoeran,,v

from Helen Keller's autobiography.
Our homestead was called Ivy Green
because the house and the surrounding
trees and fences were covered with
beautiful English ivy. Close by were
trailing clematis, dropping jessamine
and some rare sweet flowers called but
terify lilies because their fragile petals
resembled the butter1y's wings. But
the roses-they We're loveliest of oil.
Aever have fopnd In the greenhouses
or the north such heart satisfying roses
as the climbing roses OF my southern
home They used to hang in long fes.
toons from our porch, filling the whole
air with their fragrance untainted by
any earthly smell, and in the early
morning, washed in the dew, they felt
so soft and seemed so pure ] could not
help wondering If they did not resem-
bic the asphodels OF Gods garden
Ladies' Home Journal.
Virginia citizen. (Irvington, Va.) 1891-1921, 1902-04-04

E->tr-yix 5fS.IZ1N ericksburg, Nor
SzSs55Tzz szEE '' - --ss;sS folk and Kappa
hammock River Routes.
On and after Tuesday. March 18th,
steamers Calvert, Lancaster and Essex
viii leave Pier ,, Light street, Baltimore.
every Tuesday and Friday at 4:3O ID. m.
Tor fredericksburg and all wharves on
me river. Returning viii leave FEEDER
,Gksourg at 2:3O p. m. (tide permitting)
Monday aud Thursday, LeedstOwn at
4:5O a. M, Tuesday and Friday for Balti-
more.
Leave Baltimore "Wednesday Tins
day at 40 p. m. for Tsppahannock and
all wharvcs below, except Bay Port. Re-
turning will leave Tappahannock at 8
a. IN. on Monday snd a. IN. "Wednesday
and Thursday Tor Baltimore
steamers from Tappahannock Wednes-
day will not call at wharves in Corroto-
man River.
viii not call at Bay Port on either
day.
No freight received for outgoing
steamers after 4 p. m. on sailing DAYS.
NORFOLK ROUTE.
VIII leave Tappahannock for Norfolk
at p. m. Friday, stopping at all land
lngs. VIII leave Norfolk at 6 n. m. on
onn'urusy Tor TappahannOck, calling at
HENRY WILLIAMS, Manager.
Office: Pier 2, Light ST., Baltimore.
VIM. ID. SCoTT, Agt., Fredericksburg
hES COMPTON, Agt., Norfolk.
Virginia citizen. (Irvington, Va.) 1891-1921, 1902-04-04
Musical Locomotive whistles.

The Belgian railway authorities are
desirous of minimizing the effect which
the ear splitting screech OF the Iocomo-
tive produces upon the nervous sys-
TENS of passengers The engines are
10 be furnished with whistles produc-
ing two tones and softer i'm effect than
the ordinary signal, the former TO be
used In railway stations or when the
train is passing platforms crowded
with passengers.-Indepe Beige.
Virginia citizen. (Irvington, Va.) 1891-1921, 1902-04-04
Baltimore, Chesapeake & Atlantic
EsSiSS RAILWAY co.

Spring schedule for fishing season, TO
take effect March 18th, 1902.
Virginia citizen. (Irvington, Va.) 1891-1921, 1902-04-04

Every Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday.
"Jacksons Creek 20 n. m
Arrive at Baltimore next morning.
Landings marked have tour boats per
week. Note time of leaving on Monday.
Those who desire 10 ship their fish be-
yond Baltimore will be furnished with
through rates by writing to freight agent.
Virginia citizen. (Irvington, Va.) 1891-1921, 1902-04-04
Steamer Owen billiard.

Mail and passengers to and from White
Stone, Irvington, Weems, Millenbeck,
Merry Point and Urbana, daily Except
Sunday.
SCHEDULE:
Leave-White Stone, 2 a. m; Irvington
7.45; Weems, S.15; Millenbeck, 8; Merry
Point, $50; arrive Urbana, 1f.30 a. m.
Leave-Urbana, 2 p. m; Millenbeck, 8;
Merry Point, $50; Weems, 4.30; Iryington
D; arrive White Stone, 6p. m.
Virginia citizen. (Irvington, Va.) 1891-1921, 1902-04-04
IDA AND TIRED AVON.

Great Wicomico River Line
from Great Wicomico River, Dividing.
Oymers, Indian aud Antipoisou Creexs
LOT baltimore. Steamers will leave land
ings named as follows:
ENprN Mnnln,. Nnhrn..l...
Virginia citizen. (Irvington, Va.) 1891-1921, 1902-04-04
SPRING SCHEDULE.
WfEMS STEAMBOAT CO..


Baltimore, Fred
t>tr-yiS ttS.IZAA ericksburg, Nor
$50 - --SS--sct& folk and HANNA
Virginia citizen. (Irvington, Va.) 1891-1921, 1902-04-04


terms-Rev. William Tennent seemed
to die. His spirit apparently left the
body. People came in dey after day
and said. He is dead, he 10 dead"
But the soul that fed returned, and
VIII Tennent lived to write what he
had seen while his soul was gone.
Excursions Into the Cnknown.
Ii may be found some time that what
Is called suspended animation or coma.
fose state is brief death, giving the soul
an excursion into the next world, from
which it comes back, a furlough of a
few hours granted from the conflict of
life to which 1t must return. Do not
this waking up Of men from TRANCE and
this waking up OF insects from winter
iifeiessness and this waking up of
grains buried 5000 years ago make It
easier for you to believe that your body
and mine after the vacation OF the
grave shall rouse and rally, though
there be 5000 years between our last
breath and the sounding of the arch
angelic reveille? Psychologists tell Us
that while the most Of our bodies are
built with such wonderful economy
theA We ~eh oPdAC anu l1lt lOSS
OF finger is Underwent, and the IN
jury of toe joint makes us lame, still
that we have two or three useless phys
icai apparatuses, and no anatomist or
Psychologist has ever been able to tell
what they are good for. They may be
the foundation OF the resurrection body,
worth nothing to us In this state to be
indispensably valuable in the next
state. The Jewish rabbis and the sci.
entists Of our day have found out that
there are two or three supernuities of
body that are something gloriously sug.
gestive Of another state.
/ called at my friends house one
summer day. | found the yard all pill
ed up with the rubbish Of carpenters
and mason's work. The door was OF,
The Waxahachie daily light. [volume] (Waxahachie, Tex.) 1894-current, 1902-02-14


s.,,,,,-
So'A' ii"i anu ''V''"' ~ ''''
NY. says
! 0e PfselSs u''''' ''' ~ u''I - - :
sun OF rae l|lt'e a. ~ '''3' . va
'ef '''uSs " - 49,"
10 " as" Ne' "'' ''''' - - az
"l .. ''''s' "s''"'S '''S' >" va. nv 80
Al1'eu 81 'i's 'psa'''" % '',s "s4 :. 'a''''
"e's"' ! .s''@ ''''''''"' s''S 2" -''''1''
'''44 ''A
az '47' '0''' 90 l'
same graz -. ''' ''' "' '''' "'' ms
gFouad Lee iUrAe r. ths proprietor oE
the fortress and saiarH which was
burned hr.tiafs as.s "a hsY.fzame cas-.
g.. ...-.. ,.,.. ......,..,,.. a.
S'1
lies
Jaba I}a BE. 'Ge 'a.' ru&E wAa was
shaHref 90 have ga 81 morally wound
The Waxahachie daily light. [volume] (Waxahachie, Tex.) 1894-current, 1902-02-14

Washington. Feb, 1.-THE Indian
apprc 1riation bill which has beer
completed. carries sSS44 500 The
item for support of schools is $3247.-
s20; for fulfilling treaty stipulations
s2162.l57 The Dawes commission Is
reduced IN membership from four &c
three. as it work Will be completed in
two years
Among the general provisions is one
forbidd!ng she Withholding OF rations
because of attendance at a non-goverr.
ment school, also requiring Indian
Territory judges to reside at Musko,
gee
The bill omits the usual appropria-
ton for an indian school at Grand
Junction Colo. owing 10 local con
troversy. IL being claimed that the
government is made TO pay for sewer
and other improvements which the
public enjoys. The estimate was s44..
T25 for this school. hut the bill cuts OF
the school entirely
The committee added sac 900 for al
Indian exhibit at the Louisiana Pur-
chase exposition at St Louis
The Waxahachie daily light. [volume] (Waxahachie, Tex.) 1894-current, 1902-02-14
PHILIPPINE QUESTION
Indications Are That a Vote will Be
Reached Mkt Week.
NOTABLE SPEECHES.
Senators Teller and Mitchell the Prin.
cipal Speakers-The House Again
Passes the Bill as TO the
Election of Senators.

Washington. Feb. IA 1t appears
likely. judging from discussion OF the
subject in Thursdays session. that the
vote on the Philippine tariff bill In the
senate may be had next week, although
the matter is involved in some uncer-
tainty.
Mr.. Teller Of Colorado concluded his
speech Thursday He urged strongly
that the Filipinos be given the fullest
possible measure of self government
the United States simply maintaining
protectorate over the islands. He
said he would prefer that this govern.
ment should withdraw absolutely and
without condition from the archipelago
than that the present war should be
continued
Mr. Mitchell of Oregon spoke in sup
port of his amendment to reduce the
tariff duties upon Philippine products
coming into this country to 80 per
cent OF the Dingley rates, maintaining
that congress owed this cousecciop to
the Pacific coast states as well as to
the Philippines themselves.
The house has unanimously adopted
a resolution proposing an amendment
to the constitution Of the United States
for the election Of senators by direct
popular vote. This is the fourth time
the house has adopted a similar reso-
luton.
The senate bill to provide for the
payment of the claims of Confederate
officers and soldiers whose horses. side
arms and baggage were taken from
them by Union soldiers contrary to
the terms of the surrender of Lee aud
Johnston's armies was passed The
amount to be paid under the bill was
limited TO $50 900
The house also passed bill to con
fer on the Spanish claims commission
authority 10 send for persons and pa
pers and To punish for contempt.
The Waxahachie daily light. [volume] (Waxahachie, Tex.) 1894-current, 1902-02-14
CONFLICTING REPORTS
Number Killed in Turner'S Quarter
House Raid Unknown.
1T MAY EXCEED TEN
Soue Of Those Prs. 1Fyorted Killed
Are sun Alive. b1s nAdly Hurt.
Turner SsJs &c viii Re-
build HIS t.fSrt rs.

RfiddIesboro. Ky Feb. 14.-Accord-
ing TO the latest reports from the scene
OF Wednesdays aght at Lee Turner's
Quarter House, in Bell county. three
and half miles from this city. be.
tween officers and citizens OF Middles
boro and mountaineer friends of Tar-
ner, nine men were Killed
The dead are
Charles Cecil deputy sheriff.
John Doyle. an officer.
Charles Dye. negro
Marsh Wilson,
Perry Watson
Frank Johnson. Turner's bartender.
Mike WEIGH Turner's chief ieuten
ant
Jim pradoe
man named Hopper.
II lis also claimed that an unknown
mountaineer persisted in the flames
when Turner's saloon was burned.
Several other persons are reported
burned TO death although there Is no
confirmation of this rumor.
Over co men were engaged IN the
conflict. The officers posse numbered
4e and they were opposed by % noun
taineers Lee Turner. who is now at
Mingo mines. denies that he took any
part Ia the fight
Ii is stated that be has called for so
OF his friends to avenge the death of
bis companions and resist any attempt
which may be made by the officers 10
arrest him or any members Of the
mountaiueer party who took part In
the fight
The Waxahachie daily light. [volume] (Waxahachie, Tex.) 1894-current, 1902-02-14

New York. Feb. 14.-There are a
number Ct leading FIRE Insurance com
panies, or rather their representatives,
who are seriously considering with
drawing from Texas. due, il is said
70 the antitrust law 1t is understood
here that the foreign companies have
already withdrawn, preferring to do
so rather than take the oath required
under the law or the consequences in
case of failure to comply
The Waxahachie daily light. [volume] (Waxahachie, Tex.) 1894-current, 1902-02-14

San Francisco. Feb. 1.-THE Call
states that the four big express COM
panies OF the country. Adams, Amerf,
can, United States and Fargo.
may merge into one corporation 1t
says; Word comes by private mes
sage from the east that r H. Harri-
man. president of the Southern Pacific
company will be elected to the presi-
dency Of the Wells-Fargo express com.
pany at the annual meeting of stock
holders" The paper adds that Harri-
man may be selected as president OF
the proposed company.
The Waxahachie daily light. [volume] (Waxahachie, Tex.) 1894-current, 1902-02-14

Denison. Tex. FEB. 14--Will Julian,
a young man at Cheeotah, l. T.. was
accidentally killed at a dance near
Checotah. He went 10 a dance with
his pistol in his pocket. While in a
scuffie the pistol fell from his pocket
and was discharged, striking the floor
The bullet entered Julian's mouth and
passed throug hhis brain.
The Waxahachie daily light. [volume] (Waxahachie, Tex.) 1894-current, 1902-02-14
No rr,timatum Presented.

Berlin. Feb. 1.-THE foreign once
here pronounces incorrect the state
ment cabled hence that Germany is on
the point OF presenting an ultimatum
TO Venezuela. On the contrary, the
outlook Is improving and a friendly
settlement OF the questions in dispute
Ia more probable.
The Waxahachie daily light. [volume] (Waxahachie, Tex.) 1894-current, 1902-02-14

Panama. Feb. 1.-THE Colombian
government ships left Panama Thurs
day morning, met the insurgent war
ship Padilla of Aqua Dulee at p. m.
and fought her for one hour, The gov
eminent gunboat Boyca was struck
and slightly damaged. The Padilla
was hit three times and sought protec-
ton from the insurgent guns ashore
The Waxahachie daily light. [volume] (Waxahachie, Tex.) 1894-current, 1902-02-14

Woman's greatest dream CT beauty and
glory is when nature has chosen her TO
Become a mother. Every faculty IS keenly
alert and her nature the finest as she fore
sees the Joy, the ambition, the success and
the lifelong satisfaction coming, coming
nearer, day by day, in the dear and innocent
being SO soon to see light, and the very
uncertainty whether she shall see a sweet
girl face or a brave boy face beside her on
the pillow, adds zest to her expectancy.
Then, IL ever. she should take care OF her
physical, mental and moral health.
MOTHER y FRIEND applied externally
throughout pregnancy viii relieve the pain
of parturitfon, and no mother and child can
fail 10 be healthy, hearty, strong. clear COM
plexioped, pure blooded. calm nerved and
cheerful in disposition, who are mutually
Influenced for months by the continued use
of Mothers Friend.
OF druggists 3l00
Our treatise Motherhood" mailed free.
ATLANTA. GA.
The Waxahachie daily light. [volume] (Waxahachie, Tex.) 1894-current, 1902-02-14

Decatur, Tex, Feb. 1.-THE com
missioners' court ordered a local op.
ton election to take place on March
Is next. Prohibition has been in
force in every precinct of the county
for the last two years and the cleo
tons heretofore have alternated. first
in favor OF and then against local OPP
ton.
The Waxahachie daily light. [volume] (Waxahachie, Tex.) 1894-current, 1902-02-14

Georgetown. Tex. Feb. 14.-After be-
ing out 20 hours the inTy in the Buck
ney murder trial brought in a verdict
Of guilty and fixed the punishment at
Is years in the penitentiary. Buekney
shot John Viteek near Taylor last sum-
rner.
The Waxahachie daily light. [volume] (Waxahachie, Tex.) 1894-current, 1902-02-14

When suffer the nou le
pills DeWFtts Little EARLY RIsERs They GRIPPE
The Waxahachie daily light. [volume] (Waxahachie, Tex.) 1894-current, 1902-02-14

Guthrie. O. T.. Feb. IA report
from the Wesumpka in the Creek Ma
ton today says there Is great excite
mens there regarding the movement OF
Crazy Stake and his band. who are
organized IN squads of rs and heavily
armed. These Indians are expected to
make trouble at any time.
The Waxahachie daily light. [volume] (Waxahachie, Tex.) 1894-current, 1902-02-14

Alvarado. Tex, Feb. 14--R. p. San.
som. father of Hon. NJ. SAMSON. died
here at the age of so. Death was caus-
ed by an liberated stomach. He set
tied In San Augustine county, Texas,
In 1886, moved to Johnson county in
1889, and has since resided at this
place
The Waxahachie daily light. [volume] (Waxahachie, Tex.) 1894-current, 1902-02-14

New York, Feb. philemon Gre
lin, a special officer st Milburn. near
Orange. \. j. shot bis daughter and
himself and eapsed the death of his
wife. Father and daughter are ex.
pected 10 aie.
The Paducah sun. [volume] (Paducah, Ky.) 1898-1906, 1902-04-04

The version Of the Moses-ln-the-buIl--
rushes incident attributed to the COED
little BOY ia the Carthage. Mo-, Sunday
school will bear repetition even. If other
good little boys in other Sunday
schools have preceded him IN its tell
ing. Said he: There was little kid
hid in a box among the tall weeds
down by the creek and there vas a
nurse girl there To look after him.
Pretty soon three women came along
and. seeing him there. they were afraid
he would take cold. and so they tele-
phoned his mother to come down and
get him."
The Paducah sun. [volume] (Paducah, Ky.) 1898-1906, 1902-04-04

AS a result OF bad roads and heavy
transportation. army horses In Argen-
tina have been overwerked during the
rainy season, and many OF them have
been exhausted or have fallen ready
victims to disease. To give greater en-
durance, sugar has been added to the
food of tho animals. The effects have
been quite surprising, and 1t is report
ed that not only has fatigue been over
come by two ounces OF sugar in the
daily food. but the animals that had
become quite useless regained strength
and capacity for work.
The Paducah sun. [volume] (Paducah, Ky.) 1898-1906, 1902-04-04
ANOTHER LUCKY NAN
Mr.. Joe Bondurant Goes To Joplin No
on Important Business.
Reported That He Will Make Big Profit OF
His Zinc Mine Interest.

Mr.. Joe Bondurant, the well known
wholesale grocer, has gone to Joplin,
Mo-, where he owns a one-fourth in
terest in a zinc inc, to engineer a
deal by which he expects to clear
thousands of dollars.
Mr.. Bondurant received an import
ant letter yesterday and left immedi-
ately for Joplin. 1t was reported this
morning that he has sold his interest
and made somewhere near 800, 900,
but the report could not be confirmed
as his people here have received nc
information relative to the deal
Mr.. Bondurapt bought the stock sew
erai years ago at remarkably small
figure and the value has increased
steadily until now the mines are con
sidered the best in the country.
Mr.. Bondurant hopes to dispose OF
his stock as a result Of the same boom
by which Mr.. Frank Rieke sold his
for 500, 900, and cleared 500, 900, 9
few days ago.
The Paducah sun. [volume] (Paducah, Ky.) 1898-1906, 1902-04-04

The govnrnors If Maeclesfeld In
rmary reaently appointed Miss Clarke
OF Glasgow to be- house surgeon, and
the six honorary medical members OF
tho stag there'pon resigned. The
governors and the doctors conferred
for two hours. and tho latter agreed
to withdraw their designations on the
conditpI that they be consulted re-
spectigg future medical appointments
ard taat Miss flarke's services be dis
pensed with. These conditions we're
refuzed.-London Mail.
The Paducah sun. [volume] (Paducah, Ky.) 1898-1906, 1902-04-04

Senator Carmack is quoted in an
interview as saying: 1.-THE Democrat
&c party IN the senate is practically a
unit in opposition to the retention of
the Philippines. Perhaps it is, but
fortunately the Democratic party is
not in the majority in congress, and
no such policy will ever obtain there.
II may be that there are many people
deluded into the belief that the Fill
pinos want independence and should
be granted it, and are able to govern
themselves if they had it, but no
one familiar with the situation is
very enthusiastic in such a belief.
This government is not going about
paying SIS, 900, 600 for islands inhab-
tied by half savages for the simple
purpose of giving the natives "inde-
pendence " If it were in such bus
mess as that, we would have all we
could do for the next half century be-
nevolently bestowing gratuitous indie
pendence on barbarous foreigners.
We purchased the Philippines, paid
for them, and they belong to us. II
the occupants of the islands are not
satisfied they can emigrate or con-
tinue to cause trouble until they are
whipped into submission. The ques-
tion before congress ought to be how
to subdue the ignorant and ungrateful
savages in the least possible time. At
ter we have brought them to their
senses, it will be time enough to
worry ourselves over what kind of
government. they need.
The Paducah sun. [volume] (Paducah, Ky.) 1898-1906, 1902-04-04

The notorious ANTITRUST law OF Tex
as which our own legislature short
time ago tried to force down the
throat of Kentucky has been declared
invalid. as was the Illinois law recent
". The state court decided the Texa'
case, but the United States supreme
court decided the Illinois case. The
sooner some of the FIRE eaters of the
rural regions who go to the legislature
and demonstrate their stupidity in
their efforts to make law, find out
that there are combinations Of cap
ital that are good for the country the
people and the principals: in fact, best