davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1902-07-19

N. the Colombian government TWO
yAYHhE successive extensions OF the
n.y. original concession for a canal,
which extended the time OF the
completion of the waterway to October,
1894. Afterwards Colombia granted an ad-
ditional extension OF six years.
The new company has made extremely
thorough investigation of the character of
the country, spending three years in the
work OF investigation and the gathering
of experience; and this, added to the
knowledge gained by the experiences OF
the old company, should lay a good founda-
ton for future execution-"the more de-
tsileo and careful the surveys, the surer
and quicker the execution of the work"
The company has avowed these to be It's
principles:
First-That any plan involving any dim
Guilty impossible of execution in the al
lotted time and within the limit of ex-
pense. should be rejected.
secondly-That in the solution Of the
technical, and detailed problems OF the
work, only those plans should be consld.
cred which had the support OF experience,
and every new idea which should tend tc
mislead should be rigidly excluded.
Third-That in arriving at the proper SO.
ution It was necessary to con slider the par
paw "AtAt "a WIN was " Ot ca
ecuted, and also to make due allowance
for the climate Of the region. Hence the
necessity of undertaking only work not
requiring exceptional conditions.
In regard 20 description, work accom-.
plished, and work yet to be done, the inter,
national technical commission have given
in ar elaborate report, which report seems
to establish the practicability of complet.
ing the canal. Extracts from the report
are as follows:
The Panama canal extends from Colon,
on the Atlantic. TO Panama. on the Pacific
ocean; a total length of 46.2 miles. includ-
ing as miles dredged in the Pacific to deep
water.
The work already done constitutes fully
two-fifths of the entire canal works.
Starting from Colon, on the Atlantic
coast, is situate the rev city Of Christie
pher Columbus, the location of the plan,
and works of the canal company. From
the little port OF Folk river, the canal is
n~avigable for lis miles, varying IN depth
from 1874 feet to 29.5 feet. From the IL.
to 1851 mile excavation is proceeding the
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1902-07-19

we're filed up. A ummsry given BY Mr..
Lambert, in the Forum, is suggestive:
After ave years OF work shallow inlets On
either SHORE, > great scratch in the rock
from Colon to PanAus, and the white posts
o: the surveyors represent all the progress
made. Whisfins gangs Of ne
groes fourishei spades and picks laziiy only
when the oyerseer was near. Section bosses
loiteTsd about, surly and perspu ing, under
their umbrellas. Chiefs loungei on the
verzndzs Of model bungalows, fssed with
every sanitary convenience and pitched on
the unhealthiest spots in the neighbor-
hood, absorbing abs,nthe and speculsting
between the relative undesIrabiity OF BIZ
ious fever, remittent fever, Chagres fever,
yellow fever and fever and ssue. Contract
ors quarreled and kept the ~compSny's
hands Al a stan6still. At the main Offices
red tape and official bumbledom hsnpered
the d<patea Of business"
In lss5 Hon. John Bigeiow. ex-United
States minister to France, who had &C
companied NJ. de Lesseps OF a tour 0; IL
spection in Panama, reported tina. the
greater portion Of the reputed receipts OF
sl20,oo0,co had been expended con the
work Of preparation and installation and
not in actual digging. But VI. de LAseps
vent home with optimistic stories quite
the reverse OF those told in Amer.za by
Mr.. Bigelov.
Nevertheless the company was obliged
TO secure loan after loan, with the couGi-
tons for the obtaining OF the loans be-
coming more and more oppressive. In lSSS
the government granted permission Tor the
issuing OF the notorious lottery bonds Of
~ 100 fr.r 49, l,. 49, - y
servable in reference to these bonds the
confidence Of earlier days. investigations
were instituted and it was found criminal
M Representations bad been made Of the
affairs Of the company, and that vi.lful
deception had been employed in regard 10
the estimate of cost. Up TO 1890 the canal
had cost l,250,000,00 francs, and al least
-5o,o00,00o more francs were needed TO
finish Il; and then it would not be the
original tide-water canal, but a less costly
waterway Of locks and sluices. Il va.
shown that de Lesseps had given as esti-
mate $40, 900, 900 francs, when ne was aware
the cost Of such a canal as ne proposed
would be three times that sum
The Panama Scandal.
To secure money for the canal when the
company was at its wits end de Lesseps dis
tributed large sums Of money among mem
bers OF parliament. The money vas to
induce them to vote in favor Of MS lot
terry scheme. Baron de Reinach, a Jewish
banker, had charge Of bribing the par
lamentarians The French press was
bought up right and left, and new papers
were started by INSCRIPTIONS editors,
which doomed the scheme and helped drain
the Golfers OF the company. The tale Of
the bribing began TO leak out and the great
est excitement prevailed in Paris. Rumors
were aAoat that de Reinach was to be ar
rested, but the morning after the day the
rumor was started de Reinach was found
dead in his bed. Senators, deputies, cabi.
net ministers and editors were accused OF
receiving brides, and many a one high
in authority trembled for his liberty.
Many arrests were made. Charles de Lea
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1902-07-19

seps, son of NJ. Ferdinand de Lesseps, made
confessions duplicating himself but not 9TH
ers suspected, and was sentenced to impris-
onment. His father, as told above, was ar
rested and condemned, but was too Ill to
be taken from his house, and died a year
after the disclosures which made known
to the world what is called the great Pan
anna scandal.
The directors Of the company were put
into the Mazas prison to await trial, but
none Of them were made to suffer a heavy
sentence; a few months of light imprison-
ment and then their freedom was restored.
Work Accomplished by the Old Pam
anna Canal Company.
The cost, or rather the money expended
by the company, mounted up to S260, 600, 600,
more than double the first estimates for
the finished work. Estimates differ as to
the fraction Of the canal completed, varying
from one-tenth to one-fourth.
Under the existing contract the com
pleted fraction Of the canal, with all perma-
nent plant, was to revert absolutely to the
Colombian government on March 8, 1892.
and immediate coniscation was urged. A
continuation OF the concession, however,
was obtained for ten years, provided a new
company should be organized by February
rs, 1893, with sufficient capital to resume
work "in a serious and regular manner"
A special commissioner, appointed by
the receiver Of the old company, reported
in regard to the actual value of what had
been done by the old company thus:
THE enormous amount of material at
hand ready to be utilized, the great number
of works, established. lands received and
80 he rAaatVG6 lQhnr aetna In Ia -
perience gained, supplies laid In prelim-
inaries mapped out. including the right of
way, are worth to the new company at least
5000. 900 francs $780, Oo, COO"
In 1894 the court and those having legal
charge Of the interests of the old company
gave out the following conclusions:
"F1rst-That the work actually accom-
plished by the old company In the isthmus
was very large. substantial and avail
able.
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1902-07-19

States OF COiomDla, Wnlcn were granted IN
1850, have continued unquestioned for al
most so years. They run until the year
1865. The road pays an annual subsidy of
$4,000 for the franchise. The Panama
railroad has become a great commercial
highway.
Aspinwall, the eastern terminus of the
Panama railroad, is built close to the water.
1t is not particularly inviting in appear.
ance; the land is low and swampy, the air
hot and oppressive, the wharves untidy.
A saving feature is the fact that the rail-
road sheds, the houses, and the huts Of
the natives are embowered in tropical trees
and ~shrubbery.
The traveller that crosses the isthmus by
the Panama railway pays a goodly sum
for the AZ miles covered; the charge a few
years ago being $40 in gold. Those that
object to the three cents a mile tax prob
ably would rave at the Panama tax; so
cents per mile for passenger, and five cents
a pound for luggage.
The western terminus, Panama, is much
more Spanish than Aspinwall, with its
great cathedral, plaza, its fort and dun
geons. Here one sees soldiers in gay re-
gala, and gets a glimpse of mantilla mai
dens. The houses are bright not only with
gay flowers, but also with vivid ~coloring
rainbow hues being much approved for eI,
terror decoration.
( Tbs short journey across the isthmui
is full Of interest; the tropical vegetation;
the queer peoples-Jamaica negroes, native
Indians and half-breeds; the matched huts,
with naked brownies about them; the ven.
ders of fruit, milk and t~ortillas, that swarm
around when the train makes its frequent
stops.
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1902-07-19

Panama as a Suez parallel was from the
hrs- absurd. Along the Suez route the
climate was dry and healthful, the coun-
try fiat, labor cheap; while the Panama
route lay through a wet, not, deadly coun-
try, where labor could not be obtained On
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1902-07-19
The United States Interest In til
Canal.

The United States Interest in the
Canal.
The United States, Of course, has been
interested in isthmian canal matters.
In ls464s a treaty was entered into be-
tween the United States Of America and
the Republic OF New Granada (now Colon
bia), in which important questions in re-
gard to an isthmian canal were considered.
Colombia granted to the United States free
transit, equality; the United States guar
anteed to Colombia the neutrality of the
isthmus Of Panama and the sovereignty OF
Colombia over that territory as long as the
treaty should exist.
And now our interest has shown itself
active. Now congress has passed a canal
bill which authorizes the president Of the
United States to purchase the rights, prop
erty and franchises Of the new Panama
company for si0,OO0,OO0 if the new Panams
company can surrender an absolute title
to them. Provision is made in an amend
ment for the issue of $3.50, Co., 900 worth
Of two per cent. bonds to pay for the cos,
Of construction. The bonds will be Of
fered 70 the public by popular subscription
Appropriation is made for Sl0,0G0,00 TO
wards the project, and future appropria
tions for the Panama route are not t.
exceed in the aggregate sl35, 100000.
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1902-07-19

T-ea -re and disgrace en-
oomp4--=- llm. IaE man, known iar
a. VIDE a. the Great Fre1el man in MS
e. z.-l year was arre- e- as q Grim
ia- AID summoned % appear q; the bar OF
tue court u appeals las tie crime laid
a; his coat-lag.ng by employing fraud
u-eD, male-Fefs u lucucs e. belief IL the
G-,ence d z c-lmer-cal even. and an
mag .aEy credit, r~sspated sums derived
from issues o. loans waica mad been o.
tanned FOR q specified Use and employ ment,
Az O. having sTincled the whole or part
OF ne fortunes o. otners."
/. was d ver-ab.e hurricane Of fury"
tia sweep. across the path Of ". &c Les
seq. bowed wita the weight Of almost
four sc5re411-;en years, unable TO cope
Wa ce-r4ctors. i sad finale. indeed, for
one wl0.e pas, had been iull Of honors.
Wa. comfort then 20 ,a.ak Oh taat past. 4,
ais splendid monument, the Sgez canal,
ts Grand Cross @ the Legion Of Honor,
lis seat IN ne AcaCemy-a.l the tributes
r. genius lad deserved
An- yet and yet, perhaps the judgment
and wrath, too, were deserved. 4 diplo-
matte genius Is not necessarily q fuanc!er.
s-c s-1u-1 not too readily undertake tae
manipulation q vast sums Of other PEG
pes moneys. Borrowing money OF q 40
Per cent. bonus cannot 70 on forever, even
tie most g1orzlt must recognize.
IL 1893 ne vas sentenced 70 a fine and
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1902-07-19
tn New P.nam. Canal Company.

Immediately after the Columbian gov
ernment granted an extension OF the tim
of concession stockholders, representing
10000 shares, met in Paris and agreed to
subscribe money to begin work again Ihe
new Panama Canal company was constr
tuted in Paris October q, 1894, all The
property Of the old company being sold, con
veyed and delivered to the new company
TIE new company was organized with q
cash capital OF 100000 francs tsl3,oOo,ec
actually paid I'M. Work was at once com
nenced. and from 5000 to 1900 laborers
have since been a work On the canal.
The new company caused to be appointed
an international technical commission,
which is composed Of engineers selected
from the United States, France, England,
Germany, Russia and Colombia. A specia,
commission presided over by the noted
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1902-07-19

asscond-That Notwithstanding an inter
rsvr,n N four years. the work previously
accomplished was In a satisfactory conol-
t!or.
sThird-Thzt the locations occuptee an9
cared for by the receiver, and were sur
fc.ent for the continuation OF the Notk
without extensive and expensive prepata-
ton.
"~Fourth-That the climatic dangers the
eifhcuioss Of the undertaking arc ths
cost necessary for its accomplishment mao
been grossly exaggerated
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1902-07-19
Not Thre~teu~ ed BIZ voIcanoe..

There are no active volcanoes within :"
miles OF the Panama canal route. TIE ter
minal harbors, Colon ard Panama, are
good. natural harbors, neither requiring
Turtles excavation.
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1902-07-19
THE A PAST OF THE
PANAMA \ PROJECT

2 Of the Men and Methods That Brought Disaster to the
Old Company-Other Canal History.
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1902-07-19
Difficulties Encountered in the Work
on the Canal.

Though NJ. de Lesseps has been much
blamed for his ignorance Of real condi.
tons in Panama, tho fact that the work
did continue in the face of most aiscourag
ing obstacles means that somebody's pluck
and optimism was little less Of the marvel
Gus. White men could not stand the dig
ging, and negroes from the Bahamas and
the West Indies were brought over, with
cost Of agent and transportation making
the question OF labor a very serious one.
The negroes would not work without driv.
ing, and the white officers, because of lack
Of zeal or i'll health, did not make good
taskmasters. Breaking the ground added
to the unhealthfulness, and the death rate
among the officials for one period of FIVE
months was IS per cent. Under those con-
ditions, of course, all departments of the
work suffered.
Difficulties multiplied. Unlocked for
solid rock was found beneath the Atlantic
swamp. Entertainments were washed away
by mountain streams turned into rushing
torreuts by every heavy rain. bitches
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1902-07-19

five years Imprisonment, but was too Ill
to be taken from mis- house. He died De
cember :, 1894.
Eighty-nine years of life.
Born at Versailles, ls05-consul at Cairo,
1893, and at Barcelona, 1872, where, during
, bombardment OF the city, he was remark
able for his courage and humanity-minis-
ter TO Madrid, ls46-Is49 sent to Rome TO
negotiate for peace; recalled the same year
a. being too favorable to the Roman re-
public-l869 saw the opening Of the Suez
canal, projected by hin and constructed
under his OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES per
fected a plan for construction Of canal
across the isthmus OF Panama-lSs9, after
absorption Of $3.50, 900, 900, the Panama com
pany forced into liquidation-ls93 sen
fenced to imprlsonment-lS94 dies.
First Estimated Cost of the Panams
Canal.
Many to-day probably think OF NJ. Ferdi-
nand de Lesseps as an engineering genius,
but it is told that he himself said he was
nothing of an engineer. His work was that
Of one with a wonderful talent for the line
Of diplomacy, his the part to manage the
nations and gain the concessions. Ernest
Lambert writes: Even at Suez, what NJ.
Leon Say has called bis (de Lesseps)
genius for "~unraveling the future of inter
national relations" coupled with the
sdroit distribution of backsheesh and the
Precipitation Of a willing and INSCRIPTIONS
potentate. undoubtedly won him success
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1902-07-19

HE receiver Of the old Panama
Canal company obtained from
the Colombian government two
successive extensions OF the
original concession for a canal,
which extended the time Of the
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1902-07-19
TIL E A MA
RAILWAY
1t Has Been in Operation for
Nearly Half a Century.

HE Panama railroad was char
tered by the legislature Of New
York in 1854, and the road was
opened from the Atlantic to
the Pacific six years later. The
concessions from the limited
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1902-07-19

economist, NJ Leroy-Beauiieu, passes in
regard TO matters OF traffic and concerning
statistical and economic questions.
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1902-07-19
THE PRESENT STATUS OF
THE PANAMA n ~ "

What Has Been Done by the Two French Companies, and What Is
Yet to Be Done to Complete II.
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1902-07-19

the ground but to which must be transport
ed unacclimated foreigners. Also there
was "a lack at Panama of a horde of slav-
ish fellaheen workmen and of a subservi-
ent taskmaster like the khedive." AT
Suez shovels and scoops parted the soft
sand; at Panama mountain, sw.mp and
jungle had to be overcome.
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1902-07-19

Total .yl02. 10000
II both locks be built with a width
OF S2,0b feet, the cost would be
increased to SIZE, Ve,~V
The Calhoun chronicle. [volume] (Grantsville, W. Va.) 1883-1984, 1902-05-13
Licking Envelopes.

The task of clicking" $4,000 long en-.
velopes is one which confronts the
United States Pension Office once every
Record. At one time this was Her
culean undertaking, but the inventive
genius of man has now made it easy
By means of an electric automatic
sealer the envelopes containing the
check and voucher which are sent to
10000 pensioners each quarter. are
licked and sealed at the rate of %.
600 day. This daily capacity is not
reached. however. as not so many en-
velopes are ever ready at one time
The Gaily run during the quarters pay
is from 5000 to 10000.
This machine, which ''licks" and
seals envelopes as fast as they can be
fed into it, is simple in design. The
envelope is fed, flap open. 1t passes
between two rolls, the under one of
which is dampened by an automatic
fountain. In its passage through an.
other set OF rolls the flap is dexterously
turned over by means of small catch
and third roll presses it firmly in
place.
All this is done in the twinkling OF
an eye. as fast as the operator can drop
the envelopes into position to be caught
by the first rolls. The machine. which
is equipped with an electric attach.
ment, is longer than typewriter. but
not so bulky. 1t also has Il foot power
attachment.
The Calhoun chronicle. [volume] (Grantsville, W. Va.) 1883-1984, 1902-05-13
CourtosY in Street Cars

"a new order of things has come I'm,
der my observation of late" reporter
was told by man who lives in the
suburbs and who rides down town in
the morning and back home in the ev.
ening on street railway cars. I'm the
past. so il seemed to me. a woman
without regard TO age. deemed it a
sort of constitutional right that she
should forthwith be offered seat in q
street car. no matter how crowded the
conveyance might be at the moment
she entered.
But it is gratifying to note that n
turn for the better has occurred. Ev
cry day for Il week past, as / have
chung to the straps. it has pleased me
TO see women promptly. and with ap.
parent eagerness. surrender their seats
TO elderly or intirm passengers. Thia
appears TO he growing as much OF n
custom as it is for men to vacatc n
car cushion in favor of those of the
gentler sex. Only this morning. in the
car transporting me. Il middle-ageG
woman insisted THAT an old gentleman
should take her seat she choosing 10
stand. And yet some folks declare the
world is becoming more and more
selfish and unsympathetic day by dnv &"
Washington Star.
The Calhoun chronicle. [volume] (Grantsville, W. Va.) 1883-1984, 1902-05-13
y y RECIPES n n

orange Frosting-Put the grated rind
OF one orange. half teaspoon of lemon
juice. one tablespoon of orang, mice
in bowl; let gtand fifteen minutes:
strain and add gradually to the yolk of
one egg, beaten q little: stir in confec-
TONERS sugar until the right consisten-
cy to spread
Denmark Pudding--Soak one cup OF
pearl tapioca over night in three plnts
OF water; in the morning put it i'm the
double boiler and cook until clear stir.
ring frequently; add half cupful OF
sugar one teaspoon of salt and half a
cup of any red Jelly; pour into a mould:
stand in a cool place to stiffen; serve
with sugar and cream.
Apple Meringue- Pare and core six
medium sized apples: fill the cavities
with graduated sugar. adding n little
cinnamon or nutmeg; put them I'm a
baking pan and cook until tender: make
mcringue with the whites of four eggs
beaten stin; add four tablespoonfuls
OF powdered sugar; spread this over
the apples; put In the oven TO brown
slightly; remove, serve with thin cream
Beef Loaf-Take two hounds of
round steak and half n pound of suct
both chopped fine: add two eggs. one
cup of bread crumbs that have been
softened in cold water, one small onion.
chopped fine, one-half cup Of sweet
milk, n teaspoon and q half Of salt
and Il fourth Of teaspoon OF pepper
mix all together and shape into LOAF
put in n roasting pan and bake in n
moderate oven two and half hours
haste frequently; serve with tomato
sauce
Tomatoes and Rice-Slice half doz
en- ripe tomatoes. or use the same
amount OF canned ones: season with o
teaspoonful OF salt, a busting OF pep
per- Put into n saucepan. add two
finely minced onions, dot with n dcs
sertspoonful OF butter and cover; steam
slowly fifteen minutes. Then pour o
gill OF rich brown or cream sauce into
the mixture. Stir often and simmer
ten minutes. Then add four ounces Of
hot, fine-boiled rice. Mix thorough,
auu serve. .-.--a-.-----i 80 -------a--
The Calhoun chronicle. [volume] (Grantsville, W. Va.) 1883-1984, 1902-05-13
A Vine-Shaded Porch.

n neighbor of mine shaded n porch
win an assortment OF vines that was
as novel in arrangement as il was
beautiful and interesting in color har-
mony. The vines We're not rare or
costly ones; they We're merely morn
ing Slories and nasturtiums. The morn.
ing Slories were rich. clear blue. the
nasturtiums glowing yellow. Every
other plant in the row was n morning
glory, and every other one nasturti-
tium. Each stood about three inches
from the other, and all were given ear
~ support, each vine having Il string
OF ITS own upon which TO climb. They
grew rapidly and reached the roof in
due time. When blossoms appeared.
the vines were greatly Il, mired. To
ward noon the morning glories would
close up, but the naSturtiums remained
In perfection. many bouquets being
cut from them. The vines grew i'm
loose. mellow soil that was devoid of
manure or other fertilizing elements.
During the hottest weather they were
watered every night. the ground around
them being thoroughly saturated. The
seeds were started in the house in
April. and the young pants encouraged
into good. stocky growth until II
came time to set them out I'm the open
ground. about the last Of May.-Good
Housekeeping