davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1902-10-08

field of battle in the face Of the enemy, but
became a panic after a prelude of confu-
SIGN and disorder. 1t Is related that the
mad rush back to Washington began at
Cub Run bridge. The troops could not be
detained in their old Centerviile camp, but
held to the road to Washington. Richard
sons and Blenkers brigades covered the
retreat, but there was no pursuit. The bat
tie of Bull Run. or the first battle of Ma
naSSas was done.
Beauregard counseled that an immediate
move against Washington be made. Jeffer-
son Davis withheld his consent. Beaure-
gard, in several articles contributed by him
to public prints, has lamented the failure
of his plan to attack Mcdowell at Center
vile. He says:
Though my adversary's plan of battle
was a good one against passive defensive
opponent, such as he may have deemed l
must be from the respective numbers and
positions of our forces, it would IN my
Judgment have been better If the flank at
tack had been made by Stone bridge itself
and the ford Immediately north of it {Farm
ford. The plan adopted, however, favored,
above all things, the easy execution of the
offensive operations had designed and
dered against his left flank and rear. His
turning column, $4,000 strong, and presum-
ably his best troops. was thrown off by
long ellipse through a narrow forest road to
Sudley ford. and was thus dislocated from
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1902-10-08

18th Massachusetts, Col George Clark, Jr.l
1st Minnesota, Col. w. Fl. German; Bait
terry /, 1st United States Artillery, Capt. ].
B. Ricketts, twounded and captured). suo-
ceeded by Lieut.. Edmund Kirby. Brigade
loss, 30 killed, 1917 wounded 90 missin g-35a
Second Brigade-Col. Orlando b. Wilcox
(wounGed and captured), succeeded by Col
]. Fl. II. Ward; 18th New York. Lieut. Col
n. L. Farnham; 18th New York, Col. ]. H
II. Ward. succeeded by Lieut.. Col. A
Farnsworth; 1st Michigan, Maj. A. f. BID
well: 4th Michigan. Col D. A Woodbury.
Battery D, United States Artillery. Capt,
Richard Arnold. Brigade loss Go killed. III
wounded, 1870 missirg-4,.2
Third Brigade-Col. Oliver z. Howard; Sd
Maine, Maj. II. G. Staples: Attn Maine, Col
III. G. Berry; 9Th Maine. Col. NJ H. Dun
neil; ID Vermont, Col. Henry Whiting. Brk
gade less, p killed. 100 wounded. IS MISS
ing-225.
Munyon's Reserve Division.
Fourth Division lin reserve and not on
field of batt!e)-Brigadier General Theodore
Runyon. Militia-Flrst New Jersey, Col A.
]. Johnson; 81 New Jersey. Col. H. NJ.
Baker: Sd New Jersey, Col. William Nap
ton: 4th New Jersey, Col. Matthew Miller.
jr. Volunteers-First New Jersey. Col. w.
R. Montgomery; ID New Jersey. Col George
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1902-10-08

Since the peace of Appomattox that
bloody square of land with Groveton on the
west. Centervirle on the east, Sudley on
the north and Manassas on the south, has
not so changed that the veterans who knew
1t In the evil days of war, would not know
1t now rom the viewpoint Of those who
dwell upon this battle-blasted ground
changes have been many. Life with them
has rolled on, bringing it's sweets and it's
bitters. and all these little changes in the
aggregate Il vast. Children have been
born al men have died Those of the war
period to whom Time has not given head
stones. have grizzled heads. The bells in
Sudley Meeting House. the stone church
al Centerville, and in Bethel Church have
chimed for brides and rung for the dead.
Manassas has grown from the mere ham,
let it was in 1861 to a small village which
rouses Itself TO a greater or less degree of
dignity as the seat of government of the
shire of Prince William
Centerville and Groveton remain as they
were. They have not grown since they
were shaken by the tread OF armies and the
fields and hills around them shudd6red
with the roar of guns. AS one looks upon
these drowsy dusty, albeit famous hamietS,
the thought must come that the shock of
war killed them. The stone church at
and which gave a shelter to hundreds of
those braves stricken in the battles that
ragged to the west Of 1t, stands as it did in
those fateful times. Near the close of the
war it was burned and reduced to a heap
Of ruins, but loving hands restored it, re-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1902-10-08

the advice of Johnston, and was soon after
adopted by the confederate congress at
Richmond. ?
The closeness Of the fighting is attested
by the fact that two generals, Bee ahC
Barlow were slain. and two, Hunter and
Kirby Smith, were wounded. The casualties
among regimentai officers were heavy.
There is another item of interest IN con-
nection with BullsRun, which is, that Beau
regard, who though ranked by Johnston,
commanded tho confederate troops, mad
been classmate5 at West Point with Gen
eral Mcdowell, commander Of the Union
forces. g.
Beauregard at Manassas.
General CT T. Beauregard. soon after the
removal of the seat Of government of the
confederate states of America from Mont
gomery to Richmond was called to the city
on the James and there directed to as
sumo command of the confederate troops
on the Orange and Alexandria railroad. "A
confederate camp had already been es-
tablished at Manassas Junction. The
strategic value of that place was that
railroad In its rear led to all the south and
southwest and another railroad, the Ma
nassas Gap line, ran north to the Shenan-
doah Valley, where a confederate army UNI
der command of General Joseph e. john
ston was campaigning. One of the ways
from the north to Richmond was by the
Shenandoah Valley: another possible ap-
proach to the confederate capital was by
the railroad from Washington through
Quantico and Fredericksburg. Troops at
Manassas could be quickly moved either
way, should either route to Richmond be
threatened Manassas was also strategic as
a base for advanced forces keeping under
observation the Union army, then being
assembled on the heights and plains OF
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1902-10-08
Union Army Moves.

General Irving Mcdowell, commanding
the Union forces at and around Arlington.
was engaged in May. June and July In
molding an army out OF the volunteers
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1902-10-08

The Stone bridge, which was the confeder-
ate left during the days of preparation, on
the day of the battle was on the right.
When the action opened at the Stone
bridge and on Buck Hill, Beauregard and
Johnston were astounded. They expected
the sound of firing to come from the direc-
ton Of Centervl1le, because, the night of
July 20, they had conceived a plan of at
tack on McDowel's left at the famous
hamlet. The confederate attack on the
Union left was begun at dawn, but instead
the whole confederate left five miles to
the north was engaged Beauregard and
Johnston fastened to where the battle was
progressing.
The confederate position on the Henry
Hill was strong one. Mcdowell ordered
that 1t be taken. Franklin, Wilcox, Sher-
man Porter and later Howard with Palm
er's battalion of regular cavalry and Rick
ett's and Griffin's regular batteries took the
hill at severe cost, forcing the confederates
back on the wide plateau which stretches
southwark from the brow Of the hill. Rick
etts and Griffin planted their guns near the
Henry house. Mcdowell took up his quar-
tiers in that shel-ridden structure. Mrs.
Henry. owner of the house and fields around
sick in bed, was killed where she lay by
shell bursting in her bed room. Gen. Bee was
killed. Gen. Barlow fell, 'mortally wounded
Col. Camerons life was sacrificed Col
John S. Slocum Of the I'd Rhode Island,
Col. Fisher of the 9th North Carolina and
Col. Jones of the t4h Alabama were killed.
Confederate forces from all the fords were
coming up. Troops from Shenandoah were
coming into action. The battle was grow
ing fierce. Ricketts, and Griffins' guns were
supported by the 18th and 18th New York
regiments. A confederate command de-
bouched from a thick wood on the right of
this position. The supports broke and re-
tired in more less disorder. The men of
the batteries fell around their guns The
horses were dead.
McDowells forces were driven from the
hill and into the valley of the pike A sec
ond federal charge was made and the brow
Of the hill gained. The guns of Rick
etts and Griffins' batteries were retaken
but there was no men to serve them.
Kirby Smith Comes Up.
Kirby Smiths brigade of Johnston's army
came up from the Shenandoah, arrived on
the field at o'clock outfanlSed McDowell's
right, and at 4:30 the Union troops, shat
tered and disordered, began their retreat.
An attempt was made by Mcdowell and his
staff to rally them on Bucks Hill. and Ar
nold's battery was brought into play
against Henry Hill. but the Union troops
would not stop. They streamed away to-
ward Sky Springs
The WILD = enic of the federals did not. It
is said on eminent authority, begin on the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1902-10-08

building it on the old foundation and rear
ing it's walls with the same stone blocks
1t is no bigger than ordinary country
school house, but it is dear TO memory. 1t
stands at the north edge of the hamlet at
the point where the road bears westward
to the valleys and ravines, hill-slopes and
plateaus OF the Bull Run battlefield. Ore
hundred yards north Of the church, on the
opposite side of the road and a bit OF
elevated ground, stands al that IS left of
the Four Chimney HouSe-a shell of tim
bers and weather-beateii boards full CT gap
ing cracks md seams through which the
rain beats and the sun shines. Only three
of It's chmneys stand, the east pile at the
south side of the building having fallen,
leaving a wide Opening in that end of the
house. This was the headquarters of Gen
eral Irving McDoweI4, from the time of his
arrival at Ceuterville, July Is, 1861, till the
defeat of the Union army the afternoon of
July 81.
Vine-Grown Redoubts.
South from the Four Chimney House
abou: three hundred yards, and back from
the public road one hundred yards. is the
house which General Pope used as head
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1902-10-08
his main body. This left his rear and his
left flank weak and exposed"

his main body. This left his rear and his
left flank weak and exposed"
The Federal Army.
The Union army. commanded by Brig.
Gen. Irving Mcdowell. July 10 to 81. was
composed as follows:
First Dlvision-Brig Gen. Daniel Tyler.
First Brigade-Col. Erasmus d. keyes1
I'd Maine, Col. c. D. Jameson; LIST Connec~
ticut. Col. G. s. Burnham; I'd Connecticut.
Col. A. H. Terry; Sd Connecticut. Col John
L. Chatfield. Brigade loss, 10 killed, 20
wounded, 154 missing-223
Second Brigade-Brig. Gen. Robert c.
Schenck: I'd New York, Col. G. w &.
Tompkins; LIST Ohio, Col. A. Med. McCook,
I'd Ohio Lieut.. Col. Rodney Mason; Bat
terry E, I'd United States Artillery, Capt. J.
H. Carlisle. Brigade loss. 81 killed. Is
wounded, 50 missing-9s.
Third Brigade-Col. w. T. Sherman; 18th
New York, Col. l.. F. Quinby: Goth New
York. Col. NJ. Corcoran (wounded and cap
turedl, succeeded by Capt. James KeuyI
10th New York, Col James Cameron Qxiil-
Battery E, Sd United States Artillery. Capt.
r. B. Ayres. Brigade loss, 107 killed, soS
wounded. 293 missing-6o5.
Fourth Brigade-Col. Israel B. Richard
son: LIST Massachusetts,. Col. Robert Cow
din: 18th New York. Col e. L. walrath,
I'd Michigan, Maj. A W. Williams: 80
Michigan, Col. Daniel Mcconnell: Battery
G. LIST United States Artillery, Lieut. John
Edwards; Battery NJ, I'd United States Ar.
tillery, Capt. Henry ]. Hunt. CThis brigade
was only slightly engaged in front Of
Blackburn's ford. with the loss Of one
officer killed.)
Hunters Division.
Second Divfsion-Col. D. Hunter (wound.
ed). succeeded by Col. Andrew Porter.
First Brigade-Col. Andrew Porter; 6th
New York. Col. George Lyons; 14th NsN
York. Col. A NJ. Wood (wounded and caps
tured) succeeded by Lieut. Col. E. B. FoWsi
Ter; 9th New York, Col H. w. SlocurA
(woundedl succeeded by Maj. ]. J. Bartsi
lett; Battalion OF United States Infantry
Maj. George Sykes; Battalion United StatA1
Marines. Maj J. G. Reynolds; Battalioa
United States Cavalry, Mai. I. N. PalmsSS
Battery D, 9TH United States Artdllsx6
Capt. Charles Griffin. Brigade loss, Z
killed, 1T wounded, POI missing-464. !
Second Brigade-Col. Ambrose 3. Burn
side; I'd New Hampshire, Col Gilman No.
ston (wounded), succeeded by LIEUT.. e
F. S. Fiske; LIST Rhode Island, Maj. J.
Balch; I'd Rhode Island with battery, q
John s. Slocum Qkilled), succeeded by L.
Col. Frank Wheaton; list New YORK T.
H. P. Martin. Brigade loss. % killed
wounded. 134 nissins-S82.
Heintzelman's Division. \
Third Dlvision-Samuel B. HeintsslnnQA
First Brigade-Col. W.. q. TfAnA
5th Massachusetts. Col. 8. q LAwr0n1
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1902-10-08

way of Mitche.rs ford. as it IS today. A
reporter for The Star left the Manassas
Centerville road hat mile west o. Tow
pet Fairfax county, and, moving southwark
through the woods a ong Bull run soon
came upon the ghost Of the dead road. Its
course may be clearly traced through thick
ct and woodland. Bull run might be ford
ed there. but nobody now thinks of making
the passage at that point. The ford is on
the farm Of Mrs. B. ]. Holden.
The battlefields of Bull Run and the sec
ond Manassas may be reached from Wash
ington in several ways II the Henry Hill,
the focal point of the battle of Bull Run,
with the adjacent historic points-Buck Hill,
Bald Hill, Stone House, Stone bridge or
Sudley be the visitors objective, the easiest
route is by railroad to Manassas and thence
north on the Sudley road. That is a good
highway in dry weather. Some of the hills
are long. but the grades are easv.
Another route is to go by railroad to
Clifton station, Va, and strike northwest
wardly to Centerville. This road is soft and
choppy, with some ugly hills One mile
west Of Clifton road bends to the south
ward. This strikes the Manassas Center
VILE road at Holmes store near Mitchell's
ford, from which point access may be had
to the abandoned road that crossed Bull
run at Blackburn's ford.
A route that should appeal to the old SOL
diers is that by which they travelled In 1851
from the Aqueduct bridge to Falls Church,
to Fairfax Court House, to Germantown, to
Centerville, and thence to the battlefield
by way of Stone bridge or. Sudley. It Is
not bad road to Fairfax, but beyond that
there are many Jolts.
Soldiers Of Renown.
Bull Run was a great battle. It was the
first fierce armed conflict Of the American
civil war. To that date 1t was the mightiest
collision OF armed forces which had 90
| CURED In the United States 1t was the bat
tie which encouraged the south to degree
OF citation and stirred the north to q meas
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1902-10-08

pouring down upon VaAh1ngton from The
north. The loyal states crew impatisns It
delay. Action was wanted, Thu ory. ION
to Richmond" was welltng up. The disas.
ter TO General Buffers force at Big Bethel
and the reverse OF General sohenek ct
Vienna, Va, deeply stirred the people Of
the north.
General Mcdowell, June "a, in obediencs
to orders from General Scott. submitted
plan Of action against Beauregard- He
asked for 10000 men and a reserve force OF
10000. Foreseeing danger In the Holmes
Johnston-Beauregard combination. ne
urged upon the administration the necessl-
ty Of pressing General Patterson to Keep
Johnston busy that he might not leave the
valley for the plain Of east Virginia July
s General Mcdowell was COMMANDED 70
execute his plan. It was not until July 10
that he was given the force for whicn ne
the Union army moved west from Ariing
ton. The morning Of July is the head OF
the column was at Centerville. ConIeoeIato
outposts were driven In all along the me-
but as the Union column advanced the con-
federate forces behind the Bull Run fords
in McDowelrs front were strengthened.
The Orange and Alexandria railroad
crossed Bull Run at Union Mills on Beau
brigade supported by Holmes The next
ford was above McLean's, defended by d.
r. Jones' brigade; the ford to the north OF
that (Biackburn's) had posted behind II
LongStreelS pIlsdoe' supPofteo ~ IuAi'
brigade The next ford to the north
(Mitchell's) was held by Bonham's brigade
and Bull Run, between Mitchell's ford and
the Stone bridge, where the washington
Warrenton turnpike crosses, was held by
Cookies brigade. The Stone bridge. Beau
regards left, was held by Evans derni-
brigade, consisting of one regiment OF In
fantry (Wheat's), two troops OF cavalry
and four guns. Beauregard antclpateo
that Mcdowell would make frontal at;
tack at his center at Blackburn's and
Mitchells fords.
Mcdowell on July IS conceived the plan
of turning the confederate right by cross
ing Bull Run below Union Mills. A recon-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1902-10-08

mans divisions moved to Sudley ford, to
Buck HILL to Henry Hill, and to Chinns
Hill on that awful Sunday in July.
Warrenton Pike.
The Warrenton pike, which Is the road by
which Arlington and Centerville are con-
nected, and over which the Union army
moved when 1t left Arlington the afternoon
OF July 16, 1861, has not been appreciably
altered. 1t Is a lonely road, and it would
seem to be reasonable that there are but
two houses along it's course between Cen
tervile and the middle of the battle ground
which We're not there when the troops Of
the Union and Of the confederate states
passed and repassed. and passed again in
those long and bloody years from 81 to
50. Some of the houses which looked out
upon the road in that period are no longer
there. The thoroughfare is wide one be-
tween the worm fences which hold it on its
course east and west. but only trail the
width of one wagon tread, goes through 1t.
The unused part of it's breadth is grown
with weeds. In other times this pike was a
great thoroughfare, but for many years it
has been little travelled on. 1t runs through
a rocky country, and the top soil has been
washed from the roadbed, leaving it a very
rough and stony way. In the lowlands it Is
gray. and as it crosses hills 1t is red with
Manassas sandstone.
Three miles out from Centerville the
Traveller crosses Cub run. There is a wood
en- bridge there Perhaps if the wooden
bridge had been there late in the afternoon
Of July 81 the Union defeat would not
have become a panic, and the Union army
might have been rallied in its former camp
at Centerville On the morning of July 81
TIE bridge was there. In the afternoon 1t
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1902-10-08

ure OF determination fatal to the hope Of the
confederate states.
The engagement was notable for the num-
per OF participants who later in the war
became famous. On the Union side under
Mcdowell there were w. T. Sherman, Burn
side, Hunter, Hentzelman, Howard. Frank
lin. Slocum, Keyes, Hunt. Barry, Fry, Sykes,
Barnard, Wadsworth and score of other
officers who achieved distinction. On the
confederate side, in addition to Beauregard
and Johnston, there were Jackson, Long
street. Ewell, Early. ]. e. B. Stuart. Kirby
Smith. Wade Hampton, Fftzhugh Lee, Thos
Jordan. r. E. Rodes and E. p. Alexander.
Another feature of this battle is that dur
Ing its progress the flag Of the confederacy.
adopted by the confederate congress at
Montgomery and raised over the capitol
March 4. 1851, was found to be inadequate
1t being proved that the stars and bars, as
then arranged could easily be mistaken In
the smoke and dust Of the fray for the
stars and stripes. The flag that from the
time of the battle of Bull Run to Appomat-
tox and the Bennett House near Durham
was known as the battle flag of the confed-
eracy. was designed by Beauregard with
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1902-10-08

quarters after the second battle of Man
assas, August % and 80, 1852. This house
Is Inhabited by Virginia family which
recently removed to CentervilIe from Thor
oughfare Gap. that historic gateway be-
tween the Shenandoah valley and the plain
Of eastern Virginia In addition to the
buildings at Centerville already named there
are three dwelling houses. store and a
smathy. In the fields to the eastward OF the
traced. even though overrun with vine jun
giles or grown up with trees. Musket bar
reis. locks. bayonets and canteens are up
turned in the fields with every blowing
was the Union base in July. 1851, and the
point from which Tyler's division moved 20
Stone bridge. and Hunters and Heintzel-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1902-10-08

Arlington. Manassas, being on a wide
plateau, was heaithful site, and was in
the center of an agricultural country of
vast richness and capable of furnishing
bounteous supplies Prince William county Of
which Manassas is the seat, was productive
in food stores, and was contiguous to Fair
fax. Loudoun. Fauquier. Culpeper and
Orange counHes:d Beauregard took COM
mand at Msnassas Junction, June 2. 1861,
and disposed his forces in a north and
south line behind the west bank of Bull
Run, which crises In the Bull Run noun
tains in Piedmont, Va, and empties into
Occoquan creek; On Beauregards right
was confedeEate force under General
Holmes, near the confluence Of Aqua
creek with the Potomac; on his left across
the Blue Ridge was Johnston. Confederate
outposts were pushed forward from Ma
nassas to the heights above Alexandria,
and to Fairfax Court House and Leesburg.
Run campaign. 'Beauregard was appraised
that the ULien army contemplated an at
tack upon him. he dispatched Col. James
Chestnut to- Richmond urging Jefferson
Davis to concentrate the armies Of John
ston, Holmes and his (Beauregards) and
attack the Union army In reverse as soon
as 1t should detach itself from its base
at Arlington. This plan was rejected at
a conference Of Jefferson Davis, General
Robert e. Lee and Adjutant General Sam
uel Cooper.
Eariy In the month Of July 1861, Beaure-
gard learned, through a woman SPY in
Washington, that orders had been issued
to the Union general In command Of the
troops at Arlington to move against the
confederate position at Manassas Then
Holmes. at Aayia creek. and Johnston, in
the valley Of Virginia were ordered to join
Beauregard at Manassas
Union Army Moves.
General Irving. Mcdowell, commanding
the Union forces at and around Arlington.
was engaged In May. June and July In
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1902-11-22

of the foot and under the nails of the
toes
Once made comfortable, the flea be-
the comparatively enormous size of a
pea. If not extracted she lays her
eggs, which soon hatch out in a
colony of fieas. The natives of these
regions are adept at extracting the
flea, which would otherwise produce
dangerous ulcer, which sometimes
is incurable. There is record of cases
where amputations have been neces-
sary on this account
There is an old recipe which should
have been given to the crew of the
Forget-Me-Not when they started out
after the arctic flea 1t is said to
reveal a sure preventive, as follows:
While wormwood hath seed, get a hand
full twaine.
To against March, to make flea to
refraine:
Where chamber is sweeped, and worm
wood is strown
No flea for his life dare abide to be
known.
The largest specimen in the collec-
ton of Mr. Rothschild is that of a
mole flea, which is one-fifth of an inch
in length. He rejoices in the name of
hypstrichopsylla talpae. Another in
the collection is a flea which has
claws like a lobster. This is found on
small South American bird.