davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1902-01-16
TICKETS BURNED.
Also the Annual Statements OF
Number of Roads.
Fire Breaks Out in Union Sta
tiOn at Chicago.

Chicago, Jan. 16.-Fire broke out
in the ticket office of the Union station,
Adams and Canal streets, shortly before
noon and for a time threatened the de-
struction of the building. The smoke
and flames spread so rapidly that sixty
employees of the several roads that make
the station their Chicago terminal had
an exciting time to escape suffocation-
The men were busy at work on annual
statements in offices just above and to
the rear of the ticket Office, and a num-
Der escaped by jumping from a low
window to the structure of a viaduct on
the Adams street side of the building
Two men were helped down ladders by
firemen but no one was injured.
Over a million dollars worth of un-
stamped tickets of the Pennsylvania
Burlington, Alton, st. Paul, the Pan
handle and Fort Wayne roads and the
Pullman company were destroyed, but
it is thought no valid tickets are miss
ing The station, which is the property
of the Pennsylvania lines, was damaged
to the extent of $4,000. The annual
passenger statements of all the ROADS
were destroyed and will be delayed two
weeks.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1902-01-16

tropolis at O'Clock in the morning, ac-
companied by an uproariouS mob of
civilian friends singing songs to the ac-
compartment of the band. The songs
and music, however, did not drown the
crying of women, who elung to the
necks and arms of almost every man
of the contingent.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1902-01-16
SPECIAL ENVOY.
One Named to Attend the Coming of
Age of Spanish King.

Washington, Jan 16.-Dr J. l. NJ.
Curry has been appointed special envoy
extraordinary and minister plenipoten-
tlary TO represent the president at the
coming of age of the King of Spain. DIR.
curry is native of Virginia and was
formerly minister to Spain
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1902-01-16
Tamperatures OF Large Cities.

Chicago, Jan. 16.-7 a. m. tempera-
lures New York 32. Boston 2S; Phila-
delphia "a. Washington "a; Chicago 26;
Minneapolis s; Cincinnati 80; ST. Louis
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1902-01-16
Weather Indications.

Chicago, Jan. 16.-Forecast for Kan
sas: Fair tonight and Friday; warmer
in west portion tonight: southwest
winds.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1902-07-05
GREAT BALL GAME
INDEPENDENTS BEAT FALCONS
 BY SCORE OF 5 TO 9.
Great Interest on the Part of the Spectators Aroused-Ladies Blocked Into the Field and
 Cheered the Players.

At the baseball park yesterday after noon the Independents and the Falcons played one of the most interesting games ever witnessed on a Montgomery dia- mona The ga ne resulted in the close score or to in favor of the Indepen- game.
 It was seen from the start that it was q game for blood. and that neither team nao any marked advantage over the oth- CT. The Independents played an error isss game. It was anybody's game up to the very end.
 The features of the game were Bur netts catch of liner. Apperious's home run and Patterson's phenomenal catch of long foul fly to center field which saved the game for the Independents. It was m the sixth inning, and the score stood, Independents. 5; Falcons 2 The independents were in the field. The Fal- cons had three men on the bases with two men out. Cade came to the bat and drove out long line fly to centerfield, which Patterson, after a long run and a grand effort, caught about six inches be- Tore 1t struck the ground. Cheer after cheer went up from the grand stand and the bieachers.
 So much interest was evinced at this game, that even the ladies became So en- thusiastic that they went out on the field and sat on the grass; and when Patter- son made this catch. they all stood up and waved their umbrellas and rent the air with cheers. This is the first time that such a thing has ever happened on the Montgomery diamond.
 The following Is a detailed account of
The Montgomery advertiser., 1902-07-05
MAJ.DAINCERfIELDWO WON
MLEwEE HORSE CAPTURED
 REALIZATION STAKE.
The Friar's Record for Mile and Five Furlongs Lowered at Sheeps-
 head Bay in Presence of
 30,o0o Persons.

New York, July 1.-The Lawrence reali-
 zation. the richest three-year-old stake in ! the East, was run today at Sheepshead l Bay and 30,000 persons saw F. c. McLewee and iet6fnpany's Major Daingerfeld, fa- vorfte in betting at to win in gallop
 and lower the Friars record for one mile l and five furfongs from 2:4s 2-5 to 2:45 3-5 There were originally eight starters TOT | the Realization stake but two were with drawn early in the day.
 The start was fair. Juvenal broke m front and showed the way to the main track. where The Rival moved up and | led the field by length, passing the | stand the first time: Major Daingernelo was third. Turning Into the back stretch
 leader and he, and The Rival raced to- gether to the stretch, where Odon on the favorite, sent him after the field and
 soon placed him in front.
 Major Daingerfeld galloped home an | easy winner by five lengths. with Tho
 Rival second and Goldsmith third.
 August Belmont's Mizzen was badly First race. the Independence steeple- | chase. full course, about two and one,
 half miles-Geo. W. Jenkins, 159 (Ray), l3
 to 1. won; Rowdy. 14s (F. A. ClarRs to | third. Time, 5:19. Topmast. Miss Mitch ell Adjiiaumo. Rising Sun. Facile also
 ran. Rowdy and Tormast coupled in the betting.
 Second race. selling. last five furlongs of new futuritv course-Binotaur, 102 (J. Martini, 12 to 1, won; Yardam. s9 tRicel, Il to 1, second; Joe Cobb. IT 1T. Burns), 15 to l. third Time. 1:01 4-5 Dr. Saylor,
 President. Jack o. Lantern, Lord Tusco.
 Knocknagow, Dark Planet, Fort Wayne. Mount Hope. Irene Mac, Southern Belle. Damon. Yaqui. Sduif. Byronerdale, Red
 Knight and Mennenheld also ran.
 Third race. high weight handicap, six furlongs on main track-Cuspidor, ll6 (Odom), to i, won; Connecucut: Ill tMcCue). 8 to 1. second: Satire. 1ls (Won- derly), 12 to 1. third. Time, 1:14 3-5. Dc, iawha. Plonn. Knight of Rhodes, Colonel Bill. Demurrer, Irene Lindsey. Graden and Alard Scheck also ran.
 Fourth race the double event, six fur longs-white Chapel. IA tShaw). 3 to l, won; Wherler, IA (Redfernt, 40 to l, sec ond; Mexican, 129 1T. Burns), 25 to ]. third. Time. 1:14 3-5. River Pirate. Mig zen, Golden Maxim, Prediction, Janeway also ran. White Chapel and Prediction coupled In the betting.
 Fifth race, the Lawrence realization. mile and five furlongs-Major Dainger- field 123 (Odom), 1 to 3, won; The Rival, III q. Martini, 20 to i, second; Gold smith, i23 w. Turner). to 1, third. Time, PAT 3-5. Juvenal and Slip Thrift also ran. .
 Sixth race one mile-kalif. 100 tRlee). to i. won; Ascension, 96 (Redfern), to i. second; Cornwall, 96 q. Martini, to i. third. Time, 149 3-5. The Amazon. AIack Nugget. Jack DeMund, Gulden, Gibson Light and Rosignol also ran.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1902-07-05
MONTGOMERY HORSES WON.
Jenks and Annie Caffee Scored in
 Birmingham.

Birmingham, July 4.-(Speeial.)- tht Elks celebration here today Montgom cry horses won the free-for-all pace Jenks, C. P. Jacksons horse being first and Annie Caffee. r. c. Newelfs mare second.
 The Countess, driven by Newell, wor second money in the 2:25 pace.
 A heavy rain interfered after foul heats. When the rSin ceased the track was a sea of mud :,
 in the BPS pace. Major Hendricks, Tom Boam and The Countess. Tom Roam won with the Countess second. Jenks then won second and third heats aad the race in free-for-alI Annie Caffee won the first heat and second money. Hattie Haley. third Best time. 2:23. Dr. Catlett won the 2:50 trot, best time. 2;32 l-2,
The Montgomery advertiser., 1902-07-05
DIVIDEND NO. s3.

At . meeting of the directors of the Merchants 6 Planters National Bank held at its banking office June 3oth., the usual scmi-annua1 divi- dend of three per cent was declared, payable on demand, and the sum of Forty. Thousand dollars (e4O, ,o00.) was added to the Surplus Fund.
 s. B. MARKE, Jr., Cashier.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1902-07-05
Totals .. e.

Two base hits. Haynes, 1; home runs. Apperious. 1; base on balls. Cohn, 2; struck out by Cohn. 2; earned runs, 2; left on bases. 9.
 Score by innings:
 Independents ..........3 o 10000 0--5 Falcons ..............O 0-2
 Scorer. Hannon; Umpire. Mahoney.
 There will be another game today at the baseball park between the Montgom- cry Athletic Club. which was one of the new clubs recently admitted into the City League, and which Is composed of sev- eral fast college players, and the Falcons which team is we'll known to the patrons of the game. Game called at 4:15 p. m.
 The following is the lineup of the two
The Montgomery advertiser., 1902-07-05
Go Early to Bed in Vienna.

In Vienna every mans home is his dun geon from 10 D. m. to q. m. Vienna is d city of flats. and at 10 p. m. the com mon entrance door of each block is closed and bolted. Thereafter persons passing in or out must pay fine of cents to the concierge until midnight, and cents from that hour until a. m. To go out to post a letter costs I cents, and the same amount to return. To prolong a visit to a friend after 10 p. m. means f cents to get out of his house and cents more to enter your own. natural result nf this tax is that of all capital cities. Vla enna IS earliest to bed
The Montgomery advertiser., 1902-07-05
A Sad Case.

Chicago Record Herald,
 They say hls father disinherited him because he married beneath him
 "Yes. Her people were nothing but col- lege professors and preachers. His father owned three sawmills in Michigan and Wisconsin, and besides I believe had large railroad interests. Isn't 1t queer how badly the sons of most of our great men turn out?'
The Montgomery advertiser., 1902-07-05
Roanoke Defeated OpeIika.

Roanoke, July 4.-tSpecial) )-The Roan- oke ball team defeated the Opelika ball team on the Roanoke diamond today by a game and strictly a pitchers battle Bradley, Roanokes pitcher, is one of the best In the State.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1902-07-05
Brighton Handicap.

New York. July 4.-The probable starters, weights and jockeys in the Brighton handicap to he run at the opening of Brighton track tomorrow follows
 Gold Heels 26, Odom: Port Royal. 100, shaw: Ten Candles, IiS Wondery: Herbert, l2I l.. smith Morning Siie. io3. Cockran, Northern Star. o4. Redfern. Watereure. 10. Jackson. Key Note 90. D. pCornor; Petra Io9, Bulman
The Montgomery advertiser., 1902-07-05
NATIONAL LEAGUE.
MoRNINc CAME

Pittsburg. July 4.-Only three Brooklyn play CTS reached first base and none got as far as second. Tannehilrs great work and his er- rorIess support accounted for this. Errors be- hind Newton discouraged him. Attendance, 10. 800. Score: R. H. E. Pittsburg :. 70 o o o ooI 2-s 5 Q . Bateries-Tannehill and Smith; Newton and Ahearu
The Montgomery advertiser., 1902-07-05
AFTERNOON GAME.

Atlanta. July 4.-The home team lost tn, second game with Birmingham this evening in a slow. miserable exhibitinn of ball. Botf teams feided raggedly, The game was called in the sixth inning on account of darkness Attendance. 5000. Score; R. II. E Atlanta ,.......O 2 o o-9iI Birmingham o 0 2 0 4 o-Io i2
 Batteries-Hiney and Latmer; Wilhelm Campbell and Brown.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1902-07-05
AFTERNOON GAME

Little Rock, July 4.-The locals landed or Butler and batted out victory. Rightheldel Norcum of the visitors distinguished himself by 75-yard dash after long fly Guese wal effective in the third. Umpire, Keefe. Score 1,,,,. Rock ooaosooorFs H; F Shreveport 70 o 3 0 % o-4 10
 Batteries-Guese and Lynch; Butler and Mo Guire.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1902-07-05
AErERNooN GAME.

Chicago, July 4.-The Bostons out-playe the locals in every department in the after noon They pounded Menefee hard. sacrifice neatly and stole bases at will, while Easo held his old team mates down to six single. Attendance. $500. Score; R H. Boston .....o O O | % 3 I-6 I3
 Batteries-Menefee and King; Eason an Kittredge.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1902-07-05
AMERICAN LEAGUE.
MORNING GAME.

Detroit. July 4.-Detroit won from St. Louis In the morning game by a score of ( to 3. Mullen weakened in the fifth and was suc- ceeded by Mercer. who held the visitors down safe. Catches by Barrett, Heidrick and Hemp hill were the features of the game. Score:
 R. H. F.. Detroit .........o 0 0 4 o 0 0 o x-4 6 St Louis......o o 0 o 3 o 0 0 O. g Bateries-Mullen. Mercer and Mcclure; Sud hoff and Donohue
The Montgomery advertiser., 1902-07-05
AFTERNOON GAME

Detroit July 4.-St. Louis won this after derson's hits were responsible for three of St Louis runs. Detroit's two runs were scored on singles by Arndt and Buelow. Gleason: Attendance, 6.e49. Score: R. H. E Detroit ........o 0 0 0 2 o o o o-2 { St. Iouis......i o o 0 o 0 2 O I-4 4ii z and J. Donohue.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1902-07-05
MORNING GAME

Little Rock. July 4.-Little Rock defeated Shreveport in twelve innings this morning. Skopec gave thirteen bases on balls. Attend I%u1 Little ROCK Rock. Q ooSooosoo2ool-si s Shreveport 70 0 0 o 100000 5 2
 Batteries-skopec and Lynch; Reust and Mo Cure
The Montgomery advertiser., 1902-07-05
AFTERNOON GAME.

New Orleans. July 4.-Pitcher Breltensteir and Umpire Kelly proved too strong a combi nation for the Peicans today. Memphis win ming by the score of 4 to 2 Breitenstein al lowed but five hits and struk out eight men The biggest crowd on record was at the park Memphis SfTr 10 soIooo oo o-4 ' New Orieans..t o o 0 o 0 0 O. and Abbott
The Montgomery advertiser., 1902-07-05
MORNING GAME.
PhiladNlnhi

Philadelphia, July 4.-The home club won from Washington today in a pitchers battle. It looked like the visitors game until the sixth inning. when the locals scored two runs through opportune hitting, aided by a base Washington ..I 0 o-Ia 5 Q Schreckengast.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1902-07-05
AFTERNOON GAME.

St. Louis. July 4.-st Louis the second
 game from New York. It was . pitchers bat
 n tSo n'sss seors ana 0i1 St Louis......o o 0 0 o 0 o 2 K 2s New York. 70 o o o 0 o O. O 3
The Montgomery advertiser., 1902-07-05
SOUTHERN LEAGUE.
MORNING GAME.

Nashville. July 4.-The first game of the double-header between Nashville and Chatta- nooga witnessed by 1000 people. The sensation of the game was the retirement of the visitors in the eighth inning Chatta- nooga had three men on base and none out when Molesworth lined a hot one to Abba tichio. who made double play and the next man at the bat was easily put out. Score: Nashville 70 ooI2oo 10 3 Chattanooga 70 O. 5 2
 Batteries-Frone and Knoll; Hopkins and Roth.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1902-07-05
AFTERNOON GAME

Philadelphia, July 4,-The afternoon game was siugging match. a ground rule aiding the batters. Patton weakened after the fourth inning. allowing the locals to win. keister and Doyle collided while running af Ter a fly ball and the former was compelled to retire. Attendance. l4.462 Score R. H. E. Washington B 0 0 0 2 0 0 r. I2 2 Philadelphia 70 o 3 0 8 0 x-i2 20 2
 Batteries-Patton and Clarke; waddell and schreckengast.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1902-07-05

failed to give Theiiman anything like fair support and while he held the Phiiadeiphians down to i've hits. yet they succeeded in win cinnati n,srers At,spasnc. c son s scors: '" R.. H. E.
 Cincinnati 10 Q To | o 0 i-4 i2 4
 Batteries-Theiiman and Bergen: White and Dooin,
The Montgomery advertiser., 1902-07-05
AFTERNOON GA1ic.

Boston, July 4.-with one out and one run needed to won Selbach dropped Freeman s long fly to left and Collins crossed the plate with the winning in the twelfth inning Attendance. $500. Score: R. H. E. Bal'more 0 0 I- 4 8 3
 Batteries-Young and Crigers; Cronin and Robinson.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1902-07-05
MILLERs DEFEATED.

Luverne Takes Second Game of the Series.
 Luverne, July 4-(SpeciaL)-The Mill lers of Montgomery today lost the sec ond game of the series with the Luverne "Redbirds." The score was two to one. Nine innings were played. Another good game is predicted for tomorrow
The Montgomery advertiser., 1902-07-05
MORNING. GAME

Chicago July 4.-wright was wild and bat | ted hard in the morning game. the champions winning a one-sided contest. Attendance. B.
 Chicago .......i .iiosos x-io ia 2 Cleveland 10 o o 0 | 0 0 O. 10 Batteries-Patterson and Mcfarland, Wright and Bemis
The Montgomery advertiser., 1902-07-05
MORNING GAME.

Boston, July 4.-Baltimore's errors proved costly today, Dougherty reaching first and scoring each time. Attendance. 4,7I5. Score: Boston ......o 0 o 2o2x-5 6 o Baltimore 10 0 0 o 3-3 2 Robinson.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1902-07-05
AFTERNOON GAME

Nashville, July 4.-Chattanooga played a stiff game this evening and until the sixth inning had the best of it. Locals solved Do- lans delivery. Abbattichio starting 1t of with a home run The game was exciting
 R. H. E. Nashville 10 ooo4o oox-E 8 Chattanooga 70 o o o o o l- ] Batteries-Damman and Knoll; Doan and Roth.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1902-07-05
SPECIAL NOTICES
TuxsnAL NOTICE.

C0sBY-The friends and acquaintances of Mir
 r. L. Cosby and family are respectfully requested to attend his funeral from his late residence. @0I2 S. Court Street, this fSAfurdayl Afternoon at a:a0 o'clock
The Montgomery advertiser., 1902-07-05
IHe SCOr6.
 TrIanopdonf,
Totals

Two base hits, Kilgrow. 1: three base hits. Rutledge. I: base on balls, by Seals, l; passed balls Kilgrow, 1; hit by pitched ball. Seals, 1: struck out by Seals. 10; earned runs. l; left on bases. 8.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1902-07-05
MORNING GAME

St. Louis. July 4.-St. Louis outplayed the visitors in every department of the game on the morning contest with New York today. Sparks refused to be relieved by Hewitt in the third Attendance. 4.5oo. Score:
The Montgomery advertiser., 1902-07-05
DIVIDEND NOTICE.

June 27, .tso2. At meeting of the Directors of the Farley National Bank held this day the usual semi nnnuei dividend of 3 per cent, free of taxes,
 LOUIS B. FARLEY, ct. Cashier.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1902-07-05

AFTERNOON GAME. Cincinnati. July 4.-The Cincinnati teaT
The Montgomery advertiser., 1902-07-05
DIVIDEND NO. 5a.
FIRST NATIONAL BANK.

FIRST NATIONAL BANK,
 Montgomery. Ala.
 At meeting of the Directors of this bank held this day. the usual semi annual dividend of three per cent 6 ?. C., was declared pay able on demand. J. c. STAMFORD, sa0t Assistant Cashier
The Montgomery advertiser., 1902-07-05
ArTERNOON GAME

Chicago, July & 4;-Ths The afternoon saI game wa. vas brilliantly all the time. Chicago won a sationsi finish Attendance 10, 100. Score Chicago .......o 0 0 s-s Cleveland .....l o o o o 0 O. 2 10 0
 Batteries-Garvin and Sullivan; Bernhard and Wood.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1902-07-05
AFrERNnnN GAME

Pittsburg. July 4.-Pittsburg won two game from Brooklyn by good all-around playing Because of the high water. right and center helders were compelled to play ankle-deep il the water. Attendance, lo,29o. Score:
The Montgomery advertiser., 1902-07-05
MORNING GAME.

riAeinnati, July 4-Both teams played poor bll in the first game but Cincinnati was iuckier in punching their hits. Peitzs hitting was the feature Attendance. 2,4oo Score;
The Montgomery advertiser., 1902-07-05
MORNING GAME

Chicago July 4.-Boston the morning game by timely hitting. It was a pitchers battle from start to finish in which Willis showed to the better advantage. The locals could not score until the last inning when a three -bagger and an out saved the men from a shut-out. The fielding of both teams was excellent. Attendance, 4.5oo. Score:
 Boston ........G 0 0 0 0 0 0 l. 3 5
 Batteries-Taylor and King; Williams and Kittrtdge.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1902-07-05

Cincinnati 70 Q Q Q oo2 2231-a Is :. Philadelphia % 0 O o o o. I2
 Ratteries-Ewing and PeitS; Frazer and Jackitch.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1902-07-05

New York 10 GO 0 0 g. i3 3
 Batteries-Yerkes and Ryan; Hewitt. Sparks and Bowerman
The Montgomery advertiser., 1902-07-05

Brooklyn ...o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 O. 5
 Battertes-Chesbro and o'Connor; Kitsol and Fuller.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1902-07-05
SHiP YOUR GOODS
 sY,THE SOUTHERN EXPRESS COMPANY

which operates on 9, 900 miles of frst-elsss railroads. w1th connections with othes com paniss, to all points accessible by sxpfssg.
The Montgomery advertiser., 1902-07-05

'Daily, except Sunday. Sunday only. Trains arrive at Montgomery S:IO a. m, Pullman sieepers on No 5s between Mont- gomery and Jacksonville.
The Globe-republican., 1902-09-04
Large Crowd Wednesday.

The size of the reunion was materially
increased yesterday morning. The ma
jority of the small tents were filled and
the morning crowd at the big tent tested
its capacity. Governor Stanley, Gen
eral Metcalf, d. w. Mulyane, T. L. Kelly
and Senator Lamb We're among the new
arrivals. Grand Recorder E. NJ. Ford of
Emporia was on hand for Lodge day at
the reunion. The scene at the park after
"Wednesday morning would have done
credit to a state reunion.
Hodgeman county has one of the 1arg-
est crowds from any OF the counties
Meade is not we'll represented as at
last years meeting, but still, has a good
representation. Most of the counties have
done very we'll in sending visitors.
One thing that has been noticeable at
the present reunion, is the quiet crowd of
s'priyilege men, on the grounds. They
have the meekest lowest voiced barkers
ever put on exhibition. The merry-go-
round is the money maker of the loi and
it would not be surprising if the owner of
it should go into the banking business
after the close of the reunion.
Maj. Mallonee's drum corps started the
program off on Tuesday forenoon. Mr..
Sutton of Dodge City presided and kept
things lively between the changes of the
program. General Metcalf WIS intro
duced and talked entertainingly to the
The Globe-republican., 1902-09-04
First Evening Meeting.

a message was received Tuesday
afternoon that Col. Metcalf, who was to
be one of the evening speakers, would
not arrive until morning. The program
was changed slightly in consequence.
Mr. r. w GTiggs, of Meade, presided.
The band opened the program and Judge
B. F. Milton followed with magnificent
and scholarly address, which was appre-
ciated by an attentive audience.
He paid glowing tribute to the vet
erans and accredited them with earning
recognition for the spirit which is now
recognized a world power.
The Dodge City male quartett sang
and responded TO encore after which
which Miss Kittie Beaver recited ssBlack
Nance"
The address of Mr.. r. NJ. Painter of
Meade, which followed. was entertaining
throughout. All of his friends knew in
advance that it would be. He began by
humorously saying that the substan-
tial things of the reunion put out
first dinner would be served-that
was why he was the program early.
Mr.. Painter said that of course as a joke
but his speech was proof of it being a
fact.
A recitation ssThe boys are coming
home," was given by Miss Rosa Rhodes
of Meade and after the announcements a
general hand shaking was induiged in by
the crowd, patriotic airs were sung and
the meeting closed.