The Montgomery advertiser., 1902-08-27
DEEP SEA TELEGRAPH
ALMOST 200, ,ooo MILES sUBMAR-
 INE WIRES IN USE.
Under Every Ocean on Earth--None
 Crosses the Pacific, But Work is Progressing Favorably on One. $275, ,000, ,OOO Invested Under Water.

Washington Telegram.
 The Submarine and Land Telegraphs of the World Is the title Of monograph prepared by the Treasury Bureau of Sta tistics which will appear in the forthcom- ing Monthly Summary of Commerce and Finance It presents some information re- garding the submarine telegraphs or the world in view of the prospective construc- tion of an all-American cable across the sPacific.
 y It shows that the submarine teiegrap phs of the world number 1,750. Their aggre- gate length is nearly 100000 miles; their total cost is estimated at S275.OU,0oO and the number of messages annually trans- mitted over them is more than 6,0OO00 All the grand divisions of the earth are now connected by their wires. Darkest Africa now converses daily with enlight- ened Europe or America, and the great events of the morning are known in the evening throughout the inhabited world. Adding to the submarine lines the land telegraph systems by which they bring interior points of the various continents into instantaneous communication, the to- tai length of telegraph lines of the world is 1,1S0,000 miles: the length of their single wires or conductors 3S00,000 miles, ally sent over them about oO.OOO,OOO, or an average of more than 900 each day.
 Network Under Atlantic.
 In the short half century since the practicability of submarine telegraphy was demonstrated, the electric wires have invaded every ocean except the Pacific. Nearly score of wires have been laid across the Atlantic, of which no less than thirteen now successfully operate between the United States and Europe, while three others span the comparatively short dis tance between South America and the African and South European coast lines, and throughout the Indian Ocean lines connect the Far East with Europe and America via the Red Sea, the Mediterra- mean, the western coast of Europe and the great transatlantic lines. The Med- entire length and breadth by numerous cable lines, and the Mediterranean of America" the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea is traversed in all direc- tions by lines which bring it's islands and colonies into speaking relations with each other and with South Amerca. Gen. tral America, the United States and thence with the whole world. lines loop from port to port, and island to island receiving messages overland from Eastern Europe via the Russia Siberian :. land lines and forwarding them to Japan, Straits Settlements, Hong Kong and the Philippines. South America is skirted with cable lines along its entire border save the extreme south, where they are brought into intercofnmunication by land lines.
 Progress in the Pacific.
 Submarine wires stretch along the west ern border of the Pacific Ocean from Sibe- ria to Australia. while its eastern borders are skirted with lines along the western coasts of the two Americas. Several ad- venturous pioneers in Pacific telegraphy have ventured to considerable distances and depths in that great ocean, one ca- ble line running from Australia to New Zealand, a distance of over 1000 miles. and another extending from Australia to the French colony of New Caledonia, 800 ord A raj Uh meet Canada and the Australian Common wealth. and has already been completed from Vancouver, British Columbia, to Tanning Island, just south of the Ha- waiian Islands, and it is expected that the entire line will be completed by the ] end of the present year.
 The chief obstacle in the past to the construction of grand trans-Pacific ca ble was found in the fact that mld-ocean resting places could not be satisfactorily obtained or arranged for. no single gov Bf suitable landing places to make this seem practicable, in view of the belief that the distance through which messages eould be sent and cables controlled was limited. With landing places at Hawaii Wake Island, Guam and the Philippines however, no section of a cable stretching from the United Stateh to Asia and touch ing at these points would have a length equal to that now in daily operation be- tween France and the United States.
 Long Stretches of Cable.
 The legth of the French cable from Brest, France, to Cape Cod, Mass. is S25O miles, while the greatest distance from land to land on the proposed Pacific route would be that from San Francisco to Hawaii 2,0S9 miles; that from Hawaii to Wake Island being 2,040 miles, from Wake Island to Guam 1,290 miles, from Guam to Manila 1,520 miles. and from Manila to the Asiatic coast 630 miles.
 While the depth of the Pacific is some what greater than that at which any ca ble has been laid, the distance between its depth and the greatest depth reached by cables in the Atlantic would be very slight, the cable recently laid from Haiti to the Windward Islands being in 1S,000 feet of water. The recent survey for a cable between the Pacific Coast and Ma nila justifies the belief that a route can be selected in which the depth will not exceed 2OOOO feet and may not exceed lS000 feet.
 The recent survey made by the Bureau of Equipment, Navy Department, under the direction of Rear Admiral R. B. Bradford. disclosed the greatest ocean depths heretofore known lying between Midway Island and Guam, and being 31.- GA feet. or but 66 feet short of six miles depth of water. This depression, however which has been named the Nero deep" in honor of the vessel from which the sounding was made can be avoided by a detOur and it is believed that the nee