The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1902-01-19

= u III " ~
Joseph Is q hero second In importance 10
nome; his name Is not properly that OF
tribe; Ephraim and Manasseh are the tribes
which he impersonates. In a larger sense.
however. he impersonates all the triDes
which subsequently, formed the Kingdom
Of Northern Israel, and Of whom he may
also be regarded as the patron deity; Inc
key to his divine character lies In Genesis
xxIvii. 10. where Joseph dreams that the sun,
moon, and the eleven stars did homage 70
Is, i Jacob, thy mother and thy brethren.
But the mother has no place In an act OF
homage, and II is In the south Arabian
mythology, not in the Babylonian. that the
sun Ia feminine. In the original story, then
II was the Moon;god Cecobl with his Gnu,
(Joseph), his son. The rest OF the story OF
Joseph now becomes clear. Thu lunar
heroes, Abraham and Jacob. fetched their
spouses from the land Of moon worship,
the solar hero Joseph goes to Egypt, ne
land OF sun worship, TO obtain for his Nile
the daughter Of a priest Of Heliopolis. But
like Abraham, Joseph also represents
Tammuz, tho sun Of spring tide. who dies
and passes into the under world, whittier
lister desoends to bring him back to earth.
This Is why he Is cast into the pit. and again
raised out Of II. Hence another reason Tor
Joseph's going TO Egypt, fol. Egypt repre-
sents the southern region OF the sky, In
which the sun stands in the winter when
Tammuz Is dead. That the tribes OF Israel
necessarily twelve, because OF the slgns OF
are connected with an astral myth, Ii not q
new idea, but II has been worked out by
Stucken and Winckler with greater full
ness Of knowledge than by any previous
writer, 1t Is, Of curse, not stated mat tne
wisely used, ever the early legends can be
made 10 furnish historical material, both
directly and indirectly, Still more is tins
the case with the later Legends attached
not TO humanized deities, but to HISTORICAL
persons, such, for instance. as Saul and
David.
BY a criticism keen as q sword,
Winckler derives many new and some also
plausible facts from the accounts OF these
Kings, and II he can show US which arethe
purely mythic features in the stories, so
that we may Professionally set them aside
he furthers the interest OF historical inquiry
Saul Ia necessarily a lunar hero. because he
opens the succession of Kings, as Sin, the
Moon-god, stands at the head OF the gods
and the stars. So David has TO be a solar
hero. The very names OF the Kings prooa-
bly, indicate this, Sayce's theory being inde-
pendently confirmed by Winckler, VIZ
that Saul and David were not the birth
names Of these Kings, Among the eyi-
dences Of the n character OF saul.
Winckler reckons his visit to the witch OF
Endor, which corresponds to the journey, OF
Istar, the daughter Of Sin, 20 the under
world: and several features In the story
of his end, notably the mention OF ms
diadem and his spear. the former Of which
corresponds 10 the tiara OF Sin. tho Moon
god, and the latter TO the Weapon when
the Moon-god Ii represented in coins as
holding in his hand. Mythic elements are
also 10 be found In Saul's son, Jonathan,
AS the son OF Saul. Jonathan ia a solar hero,
the sun being TO the Baby lonians the child
Of the moon; and Jonathan. being a refec-
tion of the Sun-god. virtually dies and rises
again q. Samuel xiv, ~, 45), as was the case
with another solar hero Of the Hebrews,
Joseph. But Saul and Jonathan also rep,
resent the constellation Gemini $50 fond
were the ancients OF blending mlythsl'
And as such. in the famous elegy OF David.
Saul and Jonathan are represented, ac-
cording TO Winckler, not as father and son,
but as brothers-as divine brothers, the one
distinguished by his spear or lance, the other
by his bow. In fact. the Hebrews, not less
thar the B~abylonians, knew OF a lance star
and a bow star. .
As for David. he too wears a borrowed
name, yet no undi tinguished one, for
bod, as II should be read, /. o.. beloved,
belongs TO the divinity Tammuz. He Is
therefore a solar hero; his red hair is the
image OF the rays Of the sun: and II Saul
and Jonathan correspond 70 tho constella-
ton Gemini, David Is the legendary reflex
Of Leo. IL cannot therefore be a surpri'e
to b. told that the giant Goliath corre-
sponds 10 the via hunter anu tg,Idht oiiVh'
the rising and setting OF which coincldos
with the winter and summer solstbes.
David's friend ship with jonathan 10 also
explained mythologically: II corresponds
TO the fne nds hip Of the mythic hero GU
gafnis with the equally. mythic hero Ia
bani. The same rhmythic tradition has
attached itself TO the stories OF Achilles and
Of Alexander the Great.
nov proceed at once 10 ask conservative
or moderate critics flor ] take the two
words 70 lie almost synonymous In these
Opening years Of the twentieth century,
what Il 20 be- their attitude toward prob
lems and solutions like thesef What their
present attitude IL ! kno perfectly well.
They regard Nibckler A. All extremely
clever bar Wild critic. who lacks the clahn
90 consideration derived from having
been trained in the methods Of the schools
They are willing here and there 90 a
suggestions from lin on pohnts 81 detail
but on big QUESTIONS they doubt tbs COU-
~Istsnoe. and they would regard With some
SUSPICION anything Co which he himself
attached much Importance. bui II hoy
psrsist in THE attitude. | greatly fear that
they vii condemn thsiT " labor o. com
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10th az regard tho form ana a. fcgsrds the
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