davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1902-12-23
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THE GOOD DIRT ROAD.
Subsurface Drainage Are Not
Complete.

The first and most important es-
sential for a good dirt road is thor
ough drainage. Drainage to be thor
ough must not only take off the sur
face water but also the sub-surface
moisture.
To have dry and solid surface on
dirt road there must be beneath
the surface a subsoil that is not sat
urated with water. No matter how
well the roadbed be graded up, un-
less ample provision is made for
thoroughly and speedily draining out
the subsurface moisture the road
will become muddy" after every
heavy rain-if the rains continue
such roads become impossible.
While open bitches at the sides of
the road will carry off the surface
water, they will not drain the road
bed speedily enough to prevent mud
and preclude sponginess, the condi-
ton so wearying to draft animals
and detrimental to heavy hauling.
To afford quick and effective drain
age line of six-inch tile should be
laid in the center of the road below
the reach of frost.
In the level land where the soil is
loose and porous such tile so laid
in a graded roadbed would drain a
track 20 feet wide. AS open side
bitches, constructed so as to give a
continuous and unobstructed flow OF
water, will not only carry off the sur
| Int oil in, Hrain n q
off subsurface moisture, the addition
of the six-inch tile as here suggested
will speedily and thoroughly drair
the roadbed.
The distance which such a tilt
drain can be run without outlet will
depend upon the lay and characte,
of the land, varying from 80 to g.
rods. In very fiat land, where no
convenient to obtain frequent out
lets, two six-inch tiles may be lai
side and side of each other, whic
will permit longer distance be
tween outlets; but the outlets shout
be sufficiently numerous to rapid
drain out all subsurface water.
A roadbed cannot be thorough
drained when the side bitches are S
small that the water stands in pool
or sink holes and only escapes b
absorption or evaporation.
Where surface and subsurfac
drainage are complete. good dill
roads may be had. Where they al
not good it is impossible to hay
good dirt roads.-Farmers' Voice.
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1902-12-23
Growing onions Under Glass.

The Farm and Fireside says that
there is chance for profitable work
in some sections growing the Prize
taker or other Spanish onions under
glass, and selling the young plants
by the hundred or by the thousand
to those who want them to set oue
in the spring, and yet do not want
to bother with a hotbed or have no
greenhouses. This method of start
ing onion plants under glass and
transplanting them seems to grow
more popular each year, as it gets
well-ripened onions into market
much earlier than when they are
grown from the seed, and the Span
ish onions seem to be best adapted
to that plan where they can hardly
be grown out of doors.
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1902-12-23
The sma11e.t state in Europe.

The Smallest state In EUROPE.
The Italian republic of San Ma
rino, situated on Monte Titano
among the Apennines, took it's rise in
the sixth century of our era. The
founder was a Dalmatian soldier
named Marlnus, who in the reign of
Diocletian Fed from Rome and re:
tired with several companions to
Monte Ntano, where they carried on
the trade of stonecutters. At the
accession of Constantine, Marinus
was ordained priest. and his re-
igious zeal led to his being styled
saint during his life, and to his can
onization after death. The birthday
of Marinus is celebrated every year
on September 3. The independence
of the little state dates from the
tenth century. The government of
the republic consists of a grand coun-
Gil of 60 members, of whom 20 are
mobiles, 20 are burghers and 20 are
rural proprietors. The center OF
government is in the palace, which,
with the cathedral and the ancient
citadel, is situated on the top of a
mountain. On lower spur rests the
town of San Marine itself. Through
out the little territory, which is well
cultivated, are several smaller Dor
oughs. The supreme Office is vested
in two captains-regent, who hold the
presidency of the senate and the adj
ministration of the country; one
takes charge of the city, the other
of the rural districts. In former
times they were called consuls OF
gonfaloniers. The artillery of the
state consists of two small mortars
which are used at elections and OF
holidays. From the six candidates
for the supreme magistracy who OBJ
tain the highest vote, the captains
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1902-12-23
Timely Correspondence from the
Nations of the World

manufacture are in daily use in Ja-
pan, where the entire number of all
kinds is not far above 1900. Consid-
ering the great advantage which Eng
land had at the start, this is very
good showing indeed, and it is es-
pecially creditable in view of the
preiudices American manufacturers
have had to overcome.
Of the private lines, the Kiushu and
the Sanyo railways are next in I'M
portance to the Nippon, and these
were the first after the Hokkaido to
order locomotives from America. A
representative of the Sanyo railway
stated that the principal reasons for
preferring American engines are the
lower price and shorter time re-
CURED for filling orders. He added
that, at first, the engineers being ac-
customed to the English locomotives,
and not understanding the manage
ment of the American engine, found
that the latter consumed more coal;
but since the drivers have become
accustomed to the use and treatment
of the American locomotive, they
find no material difference in this
respect. The tire of the American
locomotive has proved more durable,
and they recognize advantages in the
sight-feeding lubricator, the air
valves for the cylinders, and the
more comfortable drivers cabin. On
the other hand, the boilers are more
apt to leak than in the English en-
| CINE.
On Kiushu island, about so German
locomotives were supplied at first,
but the use of the German engine in
Japan practically stopped there, as
very few have been brought from
that country since, and the small
volume of business they still hold in
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1902-12-23
THE FARM ORCHARD.
It's Value Consists to a Large Extent
In the Pleasant Sentiment
Connected with 1t.

When we remember the old farm,
there is nothing that comes to our
mind bearing greater sense OF
pleasure than the old orchard. 1t
was the orchard that filled the air
with perfume in the spring, thrilled
US with promises in the summer, and
kept its promises of good things in
the fall. What stronger influence IS
there binding the sons and daugh-
tiers of the farm to their old home!
Every farmer that owns farm and
expects to live upon it in the future
should have family orchard. This
orchard is not the one that is to
supply apples and other fruit for
market, but for the family only. The
commercial orchard must contain
only few varieties of fruit, but the
family orchard should contain 3
great many different kinds. 1t is de-
sirable that the family have apples
from midsummer to the next spring.
A few trees of early family apples
should be set out. Then others that
ripen at the end of summer and in
the early fall. More should be
grown that will keep till midwin-
ter, and some that will keep till the
next spring. A great variety OF
fruit will prove pleasing to the fam
lily rather than a few kinds. Then,
too, it is a matter of education to
the younger members of the house
hold, for the fruits and the lessons
concerning them learned in child
hood will never be forgotten. The
grower should know the name of
every fruit that grows on his
grounds, and this will add to the in
terest the children show in the or
chard. Lastly, the well-kept orchard
will add immensely to the value OF
the farm, if it ever has to be sold.
The value of such an orchard will
not be estimated in the value of the
amount of fruit it will produce, but
to a large extent in the sentiment
connected with it. The prospective
buyer sees in the orchard not only so
many bushels of apples, but he sees
in it a certain element of pleasure
. to his family. He beholds in his
minds eye mass of bloom in, the
spring, the waving of fruit-laden
boughs in the summer, and the glis-
! tening of dew-brightened fruit in the
fall He is generally willing to pay
something for these. By all means
! create an orchard for the family
e Farmers Review.
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1902-12-23
Care of Wagon Boxes.

1t pays to have good bottom in the
wagon-box and it also pays to have a
hired man who will not throw chunk
of rock salt or coal as large as a cook
stove from car into the wagon, break
ing a hole in the bottom large enough
to throw cat through. A man who
will do this ought to be made to fur
nish enough coal for one stove all win
ter. l am of the opinion that some
kind of springs on the holsters of the
wagon would save the bottoms of the
boxes, and / know that it is necessary
to have good plate on the side, where
the front wheel cramps in turning
Neglecting this means a new box some
times.-Midland Farmer.
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1902-12-23
Suicide and Civilization

The prevalent belief that suit lde l.;
a product of the higher civilization
is contradicted by the fact that in
India suicides by opium are COM
mitted by the natives for the most
trivial reasons, even children destroy
ing themselves after being scolded,
and wives because husbands complain
of their dinners. There are no regu-
lations for the sale of poison, and
anybody can go into bazar ard buy
as much as he wants.
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1902-12-23

cts will be delivered at both Havre and
Cherbourg, and transatlantic com
panies will be able TO state before
boats leave New York whether or not
connection will be made with through
trains to the orient. The same ar.
rangement will be made for the daily
service between Southampton and
Paris.
1T was also decided at the recent
meeting to form a combination Ms.h
the trans-Americsn and transpacitio
lines, so that round-trip tickets from
New York to Picking could be sold at
the former city, with the privilege of
going by the Pacific and returning by
the transsiberian route, or vice versa
The. time required from New York by
either route is about the same.
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1902-12-23
Through Service from Parasite pekin.

Som. days ago, the directors of the
Nord. Quest and Orleans railway com
panies of France, and representatives
of Belgian, Dutch, German, Austrian
and English roads met at Paris, in or
der to make arrangements for a
through train service from Paris to
Peking. 1t was shown at this meeting
that the trip could be made by way of
ST. Petersburg and Siberia in Is or 10
days, while the sea route, either by the
Suez canal or the Atlantic and Van
couver, requires from 80 to 33 days.
ALI that seems necessary at present Is
az arrangement of timetable connec-
lions and the selection of cities in
which through tickets may be pur-
chased 1t is said that through tick
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1902-12-23
DESIRABLE FORM OF ROOT PIT.

is too dry and warm. The pit was
2x4xS foot. The roots were thrown in
mixed just as happened, spaces be-
tween the roots being filled with the
sandy subsoil. The sand filling does
much to preserve firmness and quality.
The heap was covered with three
inches of straw, then a layer of boards,
then more straw, and finally with six
to eight inches of soil.-G. B. Fske, in
Farm and Home.
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1902-12-23
German Bicycle Exports.

Nermun heycle EApOrths
The German export of bicycles for
the year 1900 was $2,500,O00. This
figure is exceeded by the English ex'
port for the same year, which was
$2,57O,O0O; and by the American ex'
port, which was $3,07O,000. Germany
had, however, made a gain, for her
exports in 1899 were but $2,7S5,0 900,
while the English We're $3,213,0oo ana
the United States $4,s07,0O0. During
the year 1901, Germany rose to the
head of the list, with an export Of
$2,927 600, while England came next
with $2,S0S,0OO, and the United States
had only $2.595,00O. There figures it,
clude complete bicycles as well as
parts. OF particular interest is tt
decline in the American export, whie h
in 1898 amounted to $7,t50,OO0, or rs
England and Germany. The explana-
ton of this decline is found in the
strong restriction of the European
market. In 1898, Europe TOOK So
100000 worth of bicycles from Amer
lea; in 1901, only $1,475,ooO, OF which
100000 were taken by England and
about the same amount by Germany.
During the first six months of 1902,
! the German export shows a fun ther
gain, the total being $685. 900, or an
increase of 100000 over the name
period of 1901. Most of the countries
of Europe are reported to have i'm
ported more German bicycles during
the first six months of 1902 than
either English or American whesls.
j. F. MONAGH AN.
Depression in British shipbuiitine.
The shipbuilding trade of Great
Britain is comparatively stagnant
this winter. The tonnage of mer-
chant ships in course of constru- ton
within the kingdom is less than at
any time since 1897. Then, the Guam
tity of work on hand had for a long
time been fiuctuating between 600,
600 and 100000 tons. In the fill OF
that year an Improvement b,gan
which led up to tonnage of Ia 4,12(
year ago There has since beer
a steady decline, to 1,000,714 tohs al
present. The regularity of tie de
crease-about 100000 tons a NINTH
is striking. Several thousand EN-
ployes have been discharged from
the shipyards during the last tive
months. f. w. MAIN.
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1902-12-23
EXCELLENT ROOT PIT.
Its Designer Considers 1T Indispen-
sable for the Successful Win
terinE eff Root Crops.

Last winter my beets, turnips and
carrots were for the first time pre-
served in pit; results were wholly sat
isfactory. The root did not shrink and
grow witty as they will in cellar that
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1902-12-23
POST DRAWING DEVICE.
Homemade Arrangement of Simple
Construction Which Is Sure to
Give Satisfaction.

1t is not hard thing to pull up .
post or big stake, as a general thing,
if proper conveniences for the work are
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1902-12-23
MONTE TITANIC ON WHICH is SITUATED CAPITAL

this line is said to be due to the EN-.
ployment of German engineers at tho
government iron foundry at Waka.
matSu. Z. c. BELLOWS.
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1902-12-23
l'es' N i d I +" .trons,


A Salem (Ore.) n for the devel-
has entered upon interest of his
opment of the dever he finds an
neighborhood. Tho desires to pur-
industrious farAiry herd, but who
chase COWS foapital, the creamery
has not sutiicessary cows and then
man buys time farmer, taking a
sells them S plan has been prac-
'nortgage.y by creamery men, not
ticed preNompanies operating in
ably 'arhas been found successful.
Kansas,
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1902-12-23
HANDY FOR DRAWING p

at hand. The plan portrayed or
itself. The iron may be Je kept
square but the points shoe post
sharp. Hammer each iI'he lever
enough to hold securelon on the
should have nail, cleat slip Off
end so the iron hook wome.
j. j. Jones, in Farm
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1902-12-23
Japn ne.e railways.

In 1870, when the government OF
Japan decided to construct railroad
connecting the old and the new CAPT
tal-Kyoto and Tokyo-it accepted
British assistance for the Inaugural
ton of the work. Although the pro-
iect was devised to connect the capt.
tails, the necessity for having rail
way communication between the
present capital and its seaport, 70
kohama, and also between the for
mer capital and it's seaport, Kobe,
caused these two lines to be built
before carrying out the plan for the
main trunk line. The Satsuma rebel
lion, which broke out i'll 1876, caused
suspension of activity in railway
construction, and it was not until
1890, 20 years after the inception of
the plan, that the railway connecting
the former and the present capital
was opened for traffic.
These first lines were constructed
and equipped by the British, and OF
course followed British standards
throughout, and on the main island,
where these roads are, no other type
than that of the English engine was
even thought of for many years. In
Kiushu, the large island at the south,
the first railroads were built about
1881, and in the Hokllaido, at the
north, at nearly the same time, the
Germans constructing and equipping
the former, while the latter were i'll
charge of American engineers, who
procured all their supplies from the
United States. Three standards OF
railway equipment were thus intro
duced into the empire, the British
having the advantage of being first
in the field and of being established
in the island, which, both from its
size and from it's excluding nearly
all the important commercial cities
of the empire, would require much
the greatest mileage.
There was no marked change il
the conditions thus introduced into
Japanese railway affairs, the stand
ards of each nation continuing tt
predominant in the island where the,
were introduced until 1897 when 10;
locomotives were ordered from Amer
lea for the imperial and Nippon rail
ways in the. main island, the Nippon
being the most important of the pr
vate railway companies. Since tina
time, the importation of English 10
comotives has never greatly exceed
ed that of American. and now NOR
than 500 locomotives of American
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1902-12-23

regent are chosen by lot before the
high altar of the cathedral. When
the two successful candidates have
taken the oath in the great hall of
the council, they are solemnly invest
ed by their predecessors with the or
der of the Grand Cross of San Ma
rino. The population is about 9,OOo
All citizens between the ages Of IS
and 60 are liable for military service.
There are uniforms, however (blue
and white, the colors of the repub-
lic), only for a standing army of GO.
The Colfax chronicle. [volume] (Colfax, Grant Parish, La.) 1877-1981, 1902-12-20

Grasshoppers and other insect pests
.ould not hold high carnival in the
fields and orchards of Colorado this
season If farmers and fruit raisers
would only employ the proper means
to circumvent them. Their deadly
enemy is the plain domestic turkey,
the bird that turned Thanksgiving
day from time of prayer and medi-
tation to time of gorging and purga-
tive pills. Farmers, beet sugar raisers
and fruit culturists, all over the state
are now raising turkeys, which they
turn into the fields and orchards to eat
the insects Experiments have been
under way with the turkey as bug
killer for several years past, and each
test has given very satisfactory re-
suits. The Field and Farm propagated
this idea Is years ago, the advice COM
ing originally from Mr.. Ogilvy, of Weld
county. The proposition is creating
a great deal of interest in all sections.
and turkey eggs for Matching have been
in much demand.-Denver Field and
Farm.
The Colfax chronicle. [volume] (Colfax, Grant Parish, La.) 1877-1981, 1902-12-20

ries and let Jessie fill her children
with cake and candy almost beyond
the rescuing power of any remedy.
After dinner the banker called
Nancy aside and asked if the widow
and her children could stay until she
could find work, if extra help were
hired, and Nancy, overshadowed BY
Christmas angels, consented.
If you have never devoured a mans
best viands in powerful frame Of
mind you do not know how the min
lister felt. He had for long time
been trying to get up his courage to
talk to his richest and stingiest men,
Der about starting the new church
building, and. with the aid of the
Christmas angels. the minister Sc
cured a promise that the rich man
would bear half the expense of the
new building and think about the
new organ.
That night the man sat alone after
the house was still. If he had had
keener sense of hearing he would
have heard the Christmas angels
singing a song of Thanksgiving near
him, but he only heard his own soul
speaking in the night: John Kings
ley, there has been mistake. You
have been thought selfish and cold
toward God and man. But you are
fond of folks and of doing good with
your money-the real John, I mean.
The old. lonely, selfish man is dead,
John. 1 am going, with Gods help,
TO make myself a present of a noble,
generous souli"
In her happy girlhood sleep Jessie
was smiling as if she heard the
Christmas angels rejoicing, saying:
BLESSED are they who show soulf
The Colfax chronicle. [volume] (Colfax, Grant Parish, La.) 1877-1981, 1902-12-20
POULTRY IN WINTER.


Many focks are run through the
winter at an expense, simply because
we neglect to take a proper interest
In them, and because we do not
study and learn just what is neces-
sary to make a profitable winter
flock.
To make poultry profitable during
winter, we should begin in autumn.
With poultry, it is in the same line
with any kind of stock on the farm,
good wintering depends upon the con-
dition of the stock in autumn or at
the beginning of winter. In the first
place Gull down your flock of laying
hens, and keep none that it not liable
to make good winter layer. The
age of hens must be taken into con-
sideration. Early spring pullets, or,
say, pulIets Matched from March on
until June, should make the best of
winter layers. One-year-old hens do
fairly well at egg production in win
ter, but it is an exception that older
hens are profitable winter layers.
This depends somewhat on the vari-
ETY., as the smaller varieties carry
egg production much longer than the
larger ones.
Perhaps we might here say that
there will be found but little differ
ence as to the number of eggs pro-
duced from any good standard vari-
ETY. of well bred and well kept hens
of either the larger or the small
breeds until they begin reaching two
years old, after which the small
varieties lead.
Laying hens, if the eggs are for
market purposes and not for hatch
ing, are much better without cock
erels running with them. No flock of
hens will produce near the number
of eggs if a large number of cock
erels are running with them.
Fowls should be classed and kept
in separate f1ocks during winter, if
more than one class are kept.
Late matches should be kept by
themselves, cockerels by themselves,
and the laying flock should be given
special care in the way of housing
and feeding.-A. H. Duff, in Farmers
Voice.
The Colfax chronicle. [volume] (Colfax, Grant Parish, La.) 1877-1981, 1902-12-20

tens at night, and mamma earned
Ave dollars for the poor"
"How?" asked the uncle.
"Mollie wanted two weeks off, and
mamma had that moley. She has
so much sewing and church work she
couldn't stand it all alone, even with
our help. but she said little back
ache for Christmas was a pleasure.
She sent warm dress to a preach
er's wife out west. Papa wore
patched fanIels ana sent five dol
lars to India for an extra dinner
among some famine orphans. OF
course, there are some poor people
for US to have fo- dinner, or We send
it. How many family c.nners have
you on your list, uncle, dear?"
Nancy attends to the dinners her
SELF" answered Uncle John. q little
stiffly.
"Oh. can / ielp her and order what
want at the grocery? suppose
in town nAe this there IRE many
who look TO You for their Christmas
turkey" said Jessie, brightly.
do as you think BEST" answered
tie uncle. with that inward pang
some people lave when parting with
oney.
sand can ! help invite the guests
for our own home dinner? The min
ister's wife does her own work, so
of course we want them and the
dear children; and l met the sweet
est little woman on the train with
two lovely children. Her hus-
band died year ago, and
she finds she cannot stand
sewing in a shop to support
them, so she has come to her girl
hood home TO see what she can do