davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Brookings weekly register. (Brookings, Brookings County, S.D.) 1898-1903, 1902-12-25

1t is with no little feeling Of pride
and satisfaction that the REGISTER
again refers to the progress Brookings
has made during the year 1902
Many thought that so much bu.!d-
ing was done in 1901 the city had then
reached the zenith OF its growth and
that there would be stay in its
rapid pace, but results have proven to
the contrary and the year just closing
stands out boldly as one OF the best
in the history of the city, so far as
building Improvements are considered
in the progress OF the commonwealth.
1t was said last spring that 100
houses would be erected this year and
that prediction h1S not fallen far
short. Many more houses would have
been built had it been possible TO Sc
cure material and to have had the
work done before the close Of the sea-
son.
That the city entertains thousands
of transcientguestsd during the year can
be seen from the records Of the Hotel
Leon, one of the five of the city's hos
telrys. In June ! ,l43 persons register
ed, and in October ,013 These were
the two largest months of the year.
For ten months the lowest number
was 759 and the average for that per-
iod was 905. This is splendid show
ing for one hotel.
Brookings weekly register. (Brookings, Brookings County, S.D.) 1898-1903, 1902-12-25
OK1Nas BROOKNGs DAKOTA DECEMBER 25 1902
4.
Society apd Geperal Directory.
EYE VIEW
BRoOKlnGS and BROOKIHsS COUNTY.


Two bakeries.
Three dentists.
One state bank.
Seven churches.
One music store.
Five good hotels.
Four drug stores.
Seven physicians.
Six grain elevators.
Three barber shops.
Excellent drainage.
One steam laundry.
Two cigar factories.
Two national banks.
Three Meat Markets.
Three lumber yards.
Three weekly papers.
Flour and feed store.
One Chinese laundry.
First Regiment Band.
Railroad eating house.
]. ]. Watson Land Co.
Fine lake near the city.
Best schools in the state.
City of beautiful homes.
One first-class creamery.
Good water near surface.
Glove and mitten factory.
Local telephone exchange.
State Agricultural college.
Tidball Medicine Company.
Cement block msnufsctOry.
$4,000 Presbyterian church.
BrooKIngs Land & Trust Co.
Three thousand inhabit-nts.
Splendid resort for sportsmen.
Athletic Association, 5. d. \. c.
+. j. Carlisle, bonded abstracter
One monthly periodical-college.
Long distance telephone system.
Incorporation three miles square.
United States Experiment Station.
One building and loan association.
Cornell Hose & Garment Supporter Co.
Railroads running east, west and north.
$4,000 system of waterworks municipaD.
FIGURING mill with capacity OF 100 barrels.
Good sewerage system in business portion
over six hundred scholars in public schools
six hundred students at Agricultural col
lege.
Billiard hall and bowling alley as places o
S6OOO0O invested in buildings and improve
ments in three years.
Fine brick public school building cost $40 OO
IA rooms-1nest in the state.
Commercial Club composed of all the lead
ing business men of Brookings.
Electric lights owned and controlled by tn,
city. The finest plant in the state.
Brookings wants q good opera house, ma
chine shop and other manufacturing enter
prlses.
County seat Brookings county-fine cour
house, jail and sheriff's residence. PopuIa
ton of county IS. 900
Surrounded by the best farming and graz
ing lands in South Dakota-where crops ar
sule and water plenty.
Masonic bodies: Commandery, Council
Chapter, Blue Lodge and Eastern Star. Ode
Fellows: Encsmpment, Subordinate anC
Rebekah. A. o. U. w. and Degree OF Honor
Modern Woodmen and Royal Neighbors
Royal Arcanum. Improved order Redmen
Mystic Circle. G. A. r. and Woman's Relic
Corps, Knights of the Maccabees
Beautiful trees dot the prairie in every di
rection and the city presents charming ap
pearance, matted as 1t is in the midst OF a IN,
growth OF shade and ornamental trees
Brookings invites manufacturing enterprises
wholesale houses and business of all kind 8
Her citizens are ready and willing to encour
age and assist every helpful industry.
Brookings weekly register. (Brookings, Brookings County, S.D.) 1898-1903, 1902-12-25
A COMPARISON.


In comparing this year with 1901 we
can readily see the great growth that
has been made in the residence por-
tion, when we consider the fact that
nearly all Of the improvements Of the
year have been in that line. No new
blocks have been built on Main street
and in fact the amount spent for COM
mercial improvements is really insig-
ificant when compared with the
money spent on and for residence
property.
In 1901 nearly 100000 was expended
on Improvements, but, of this amount
$l15,000 was for new college buildings
and the new water system. Leaving
Sl83,000 for business and residence
provements, including the S25, 900
New Century block and 10000 in elec-
trio light extension.
In 1902 there has been spent, In round
numbers, S265,000 In city improve
ments. OF this amount the sum OF
1927, 900 is for dwellings, additions and
Improvements on residence property
or the S38, 600 remaining, S12, 300 has
been spent for commercial enterprises,
$l1 200 in improvements att d. A. c., g,
IS, 900 in electric light extension and
$4,000 in telephone extension and re-.
building.
Reader. pause for moment and let
the full significance of this enormous
gain impress itself upon you. Well,
and truly, may Brookings be termed
the Philadelphia Of South Dakota, the
"city of homes" This rapid growth
prohibits any envious competing town
OF characteriZing us as "slow."
NEW BUSINESS BLOCKS.
Aside from the new dwellings al.
ready let to contract or are being fig
ured on, several business blocks are
almost certainty. The Brookings
Furniture Co.. have contracted for a
plat of ground north of the Hyde
Harris block and without doubt will
construct fine two-story brick store
building next season. Philo Hall has
plans under way for the construction
of double brick store building at the
corner of Main and Fifth streets,
on the ground partially occupied by
Mrs. Kelly's music store. Mrs. p. c.
Murphy may at the same time erect
d building on her lot south of Philo
Hall In this event it has been pro-
posed by some of the enterprising citi-
zens that stock company be formed
and so construct the second story over
Brookings weekly register. (Brookings, Brookings County, S.D.) 1898-1903, 1902-12-25
CHURCHES.

LUTHERAN (Norwegian) Services each
Sunday morning and evening. Sunday
School each sunday.
f. c. NORMAN, Pastor.
Brookings weekly register. (Brookings, Brookings County, S.D.) 1898-1903, 1902-12-25
PRODUCT INCREASES.

Geo. p. Sexauer informs the REGIS.
TER that the Brooking Roller Mill has
produced 10000 barrels OF flour this
year and that 1900 barrels Of the
product has found favor in eastern
markets. This is an increase on
the output and sale over last year,
Monroe City Democrat. (Monroe City, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1902-03-20

He stretched out his arms to.
wards the woman, lurching ,c.
ward. He had a fine, asCy ic
lace. "SoYez GENTLE pourmoi!"
he half shouted, half sang. with
a dim memory of the empire
song, and tell, first against the
companion ladder, and from
thence to the beeswax floor,
from which he was rescued by
his companions when they had
sufficiently controlled their
laughter! The woman still
stood. waving the glory of her
white arms. Margot turned,
pointing mutely at the limp
heap on the floor! THE reverse
side" she said. Then
her voice died away. 1t was
her lover!-BlaclS and White.
Monroe City Democrat. (Monroe City, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1902-03-20

The future historian will saw
the Cuba made a singular mis-.
take in not seeing at once the
vital benefits 10 be gained bN
annexation with the United
States.-Globe- Democrat. The
CD stands in with the Beet
Sugar man and fights for al J
the protection that can be
squeezed out of the American
or any other people. Reciprocity
wo Id give the Cubans every
"vltal benefit" that annexation
would and annexation would
wipe out the sugar tariff given
the Beet sugar people. So it
is self evident the Globe-DemO-
crat is a straddle of the fence
unless it would do Cuba as the
Philippine has been done. You
are of us when we want to ship
you goods, but when your gooos
come to us you are not one IF
US.
Monroe City Democrat. (Monroe City, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1902-03-20
Follow The Flag"
hlMlliliiKz?I
THE BANNER ROUTE
FOR .

New York, Niagara Falls. De-
troit, Toledo, Omaha. Council
Bluffs, st. Paul and all points
north, east and west.
Though Chair Cars (seats
free) and Buffet Sleeping Cars,
Kansas City and Moberly tC
New York, Detroit. Des Moines
and st Paul and Omaha; and
st. Louis to Chicago, Buffalo.
New York and Boston.
Compartment Sleeping Cars
between st. Louis aud Kansas
City.
Magnificent Dining Cars be-
tween St. Louis and the east.
Fine road bed-elegant equip
ment and fast time.
C. S. CRANE, H. {. WATTS,
G.P &T.A. P.&T.A.
St. Louis MoberIy.
Monroe City Democrat. (Monroe City, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1902-03-20
FOR NORTHWEST SETTLERS.
THE BURL NGTON'S SPECIAL
ONE-WAY RATES.

During March and April, 1902
oae. way settlers rates to the
Northwest will be greatly re-
duced. Ask the agent.
THE Burlington Northern
Pacific Express" is the great
through train to the whole up
per northwest region from ST.
Louis. Kansas City, st. Joseph,
Lincoln, Neb.
Monroe City Democrat. (Monroe City, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1902-03-20
Seed Oats for Sale
ID. II. M. CARRICO.
IL Marriage A EaiItre7

IL ditldBS n TdlllTeE
IL marriage a failure? Meself ought
to know.
I've tried it foive tonnes an bedad l
KIN show
Thot wild me twas failure, a shwind.
lie, a chate
Foive stoimes got match 'd-not
onct got mate.
The foorst wan 1 married, she call'd
me her honey;
An''th' mkt thing av coorse, she
call'd for me money!
lv'ry clint / gev, shure's me name it
is Dan
A failure? She shkipp'd wild hand
somer man.
The mkt wan married. thought I'd |
be funny Il
l gev her my heart thinlIin' she'd
give me money;
a failure was it? Wild shwindlin'
intint
She bro't Inc to me sinses, but bro't
not a clint.
Mkt married family,-a family
me wolfe, an her mother,
Her father, nine sisters, an big lazy
brother
Me house was roost for ould aunts
an young cousins,
But failure it was whin their frinds
KEN be dozens!
The mkt wan 1 married didn't marry
at all;
An 'shtead of roise meself took a
fall!
At the weddin the bride says: "Aieslf's
not inclin'd
To be changin' me name"-an' she
chang'd her mind
Mkt troid the "New Woman
latest improv'd-
"Up to date" she was, an in soc iety
mov'd;
Twas failure av coorse, for mcsefl
did oppose
Her ridin' my cibycle, wearin' my
clothes!
drained I whit down below'-saw
Brigham Young.
Wild his sixty wolves an aich wolfe
wild her tongue
"A failure? says he, as he dauc'd in
the oven,
Marriage stint me to heav'-No. he
didn't say heaven.
In Edens garden liv'dIAdam, a pros
perOur man,
Till he married Miss Eve, thin the
failures began;
Adam rais'd Abel, an Abel rails d
grain:
Eve rais'd the apples; the divil
''rais'd Cain"
Green apples poor Adam got,-sum-
mer an fall
Dried apples Eve fed him in winther,
that's all;
cts failure?' says Adam, ~ bid
yez good-bye:
Can't digest yer apples, an so III
jest die!
So, We see, marriage bro't the origin
al sin;
An since thot tonne marriage a fail
ure has been;
o, the truth mustn't shpake, tho 1
name t be civil,
It's failure vivid iv'ry wan 'ceptin'
the divil!
-Chas. Guinness, Soldier Poet,
The girl in PINK large
aud very pretty picture of a
lovely girl sitting on a table, is
how on the wall just over our
desk 1t is gotten out by the
Roberts, Johnson s. Rand Shoe
Co, of ST. Louis, aud is daisy.
]. B. Anderson, their agent at
4 his mint told M how IN oet IN
Monroe City Democrat. (Monroe City, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1902-03-20
THE REVERSE SIDE.
Continued from page 2.

ter there was no single laugh
had not false ring. There was
no true mirth, no absolute en-.
joyment. This orgie OF mems
passions struck l.er as more
serious than a funeral, more sad
than a deathbed, aud she could
have found it easier to dance
over the ashes of what had once
been living men and women.
1t was a phantasy. night
mare, a festival behind which
despair lurked. The electric
light was switched on to it's full
brilliancy. Jewels glittered,
voices rose high, women's white
skins CLEANED, and in their sat
in setting exquisite perfumes
blended. There was the SHIN.
mer of silk, the softness of lace;
the morkery of mirth. beautiful
limbs whirled past, as now one
woman, now another crossed
her line of vision In the maddest,
and. yet in certain cases the
most enhancing, dancing which
she had ever seen. II was a
medley of passion, a gigantic
game of emotions. where artiti
cial hearts were tossed in play.
Tender glauces were turned to
wards the man who piloted her
through the crowd; words echo.
ed in her ears now and again.
whispers the full meaning of
which did not reach her senses
till later. Blinded by light,
dazzled with color, stunned
with sound, she CROPPED her way
through throng in which she
recognized many familiar faces.
In the alcoves there were
people sitting. She looked once,
aud did not look again At the
bar men and women stood to-
gether waiting for drinks; many
of them drank out of the same
glasses. Some women were
leaning on the arms Of the mems
chairs; two women sat by one
mau-he seemed 4 favorite.
Discordaut phrases in French
English, German. broken but
umistaka BILE, reached her.
The gowns were magnificent,
if startling. 1t is only the in
habitauts of such worlds as
this who can afford TO dress in
perfection. The scenery repre-
seuted Spithead; the band play.
ed upon the model of a ships
poop. Men in uniform-the at,
tendants - stood beside. In the
"Lancers" the men seized the
women by their waists and
twirled them above their heads
in the air, or lifted them bodily
off their feet, and set them down
again. In the crowd eager eyes
peered close, trying to pierce
the disguise of the masks; thick
voices spoke hoalsely. Men
pressed near, and once Jack
Arbuthnot put his arm round
the girls waist to Withdraw her
suddenly. There was a clash
of broken glass! Some of the
dancers paused; the rest con.
tinued laughing. There was
rush in the direction of the com
pauion ladder. A woman stood
upon it, smiling, her arms, bare
to the shoulder, outstretched.
One of the attendants was be.
hind her. He tried to hold her
back. She was attempting to
make her way to the poop, where
the band was playing. A knot
of men gathered below and wav.
ed her on. Two ont of the three
Monroe City Democrat. (Monroe City, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1902-03-20
THE BURLINGTON'S CALIFORNIA
EXCURSIONS; PERSONALLY
CONDUCTED.

These are run every week di-
rect to California via Denver.
Scenic Colorado, Salt LAX
City, in charge OF special con
ductors; from St Louis. Han
nibal. Quincy, Burlington, Kan
sas City, st. Joseph Arrange
to join these excursions.
Monroe City Democrat. (Monroe City, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1902-03-20
THE MAIN TRAVELLED QOAD.

Burlington trains are the
best to Kansas City, st. Joseph.
Omaha, Denver. st. Paul Cali
fornia, Montana, Washington,
Pacific Coast on the west; ST.
Louis, Chicago and Peoria on
the east.
Outline your trip and let our
agent or the Undersigned ad-
wise you the least cost.
VIM. FITZGERALD L. W. wAKELEY
General Ag-nL Gen'l Passenger Agent
Harnibal, Mo. St. Louis, No.
HOWARD ELLIOTT, Gen'l Manager.
ST. Louis No
Monroe City Democrat. (Monroe City, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1902-03-20

CowvreS and cane seed for
o.
sale 4 II GREEN'S
Monroe City Democrat. (Monroe City, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1902-03-20
WHY SHOULD YOUl

Why should you bring your sale bills,
horse and jack bills TO the Democrat office
to be getten Outl Because the work Vii
be done quickly. neatly, artisticaIIy and az
fair prices.
Timothy and clover seed for
sale at.-A. II. GREEN
Monroe City Democrat. (Monroe City, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1902-03-20
H0MESEKERS' EXCURSIONS. TO
THE WEST AND NORTH
WEST.

First and third Tuesdays of
each month.
Abilene weekly reflector. [volume] (Abilene, Kan.) 1888-1935, 1902-09-18
TEMPERANCE WOMEN.
Fifth District W. G. T. D. Convention
Holds Session at Solomon.

SOLOMON, Sept. l4.-The seven
tenth annual convention Of the
Women's Christian Temperance
Union OF the Fifth district was held
In the Methodist church here Sept
$40. On Tuesday afternoon Mrs
G. H. St. John presided. Mrs. Flat
ter OF Manhattan conducted the
preparatory service. Following thu
organization Rev, D. E. Vance and
Miss Amy Vance, husband and dsugh'
ter Of Fifth district president, wert
introduced to the convention. Sever
counties reported 20 local unions,
The address Of the president, Mrs
Vance, was read by her daughter
Miss Amy, and heartily accepted BY
the convention. Rev. D. E. Vance
offered prayer.
On Tuesday evening after devotion
ais and welcome from Solomon
Mrs. Collins welcomed US in behalf o
W. c. I. IT,; response, Mrs. Flatter
Manhattan. Then came an address
Clover Of Babel by Rev. Eugenit
St. John.
PRAISES and Promises" by Miss A,
Fletcher and a duet by Misses Wright
and Morgan Of Salina were greatly
enjoyed.
1t was voted to donate a banner to
be hung in Chautauqua grounds head
quarters.
Officers were elected as follows:
President, Mrs. c. Flatter, Man.
haitian.
Secretary, Mrs. E. F. Bumstead,
Clay Center.
Treasurer, Miss Carrie Fletcher,
Manhattan.
On Wednesday afternoon came ad-
dresses by Mrs. ST. John, Mrs. Nor.
ton, superintendent Of State Loyal
Legion work, and devotionals. We'd
nesday evening DR.. St. John lectured
on "Heredity."
The meeting place for next year
will be decided by the executive COM
mittee. AS.
Abilene weekly reflector. [volume] (Abilene, Kan.) 1888-1935, 1902-09-18
WATCH CATTLE CLOSELY.
This i Bad Time Of Year for Stock
Running on Alfalfa.

Farmers who have cattle running
on alfalfa should watch them very
closely at this time Of the year
About the time Of tae first frosts is
about as dangerous q period as in
the early spring. 1t is not necessary
to treat an animal as soon as it is
slightly bloated, but the danger
period is easily determined and when
that stage is reached the animal
should be Immediately drenched with
a halfpint Of coal oil diluted with an
equal amount Of water. This remedy
has thus far proven an iniallible cure
Abilene weekly reflector. [volume] (Abilene, Kan.) 1888-1935, 1902-09-18
Salina Girl in an Auto.

Touring The country in her owr
automobile, Miss Mary Belle Daily,
a dramatic soprano Of Salina and
well known here, will fill singing en-
gagements from coast to coast, end
ing her trip at Los Angeles, where
her father is physician. The young
woman bought special long-distance
machine last week and started from
New York on her long tour, accom-.
panied by her mother, this morning.
For the last three years she has been
studying in Berlin and other Euro
pean capitals. She appeared at some
OF the Katenbern concerts there this
summer.
Abilene weekly reflector. [volume] (Abilene, Kan.) 1888-1935, 1902-09-18
Yours for trade,
J. =. BREWER.


On Friday at 2 o'clock was held the
funeral OF Anna Stotler. Miss Stot.
Ter was a maiden Of 25 summers.
She was born in Troy Grove, La Sale
county, Ill.,, and in her infancy came
with her parents to Dickinson county
where she has spent her life. Rarely,
ii ever has life suffered more than
she, for at early life she became sub.
ject to epileptic fits, disease which
followed her to the grave. But now
she is at rest. Her father died two
years ago. The mother and four
children remain to mourn their loss
which is Annals eternal gain. The
body was laid to rest in the Talmage
cemetery, Rev. G. B. Zook officiating.
Abilene weekly reflector. [volume] (Abilene, Kan.) 1888-1935, 1902-09-18
WILSON TALKS ABOUT CROPS.
The Secretary of Agriculture Tells OF thu
Agricultural Conditions In States lie
Has Just Visited.

Washington, Sept. 13.--Secretary
Wilson, who returned Thursday
night from a trip through the west
yesterday summarized the agricul-
tural conditions in the states he Wis.,
ited These states included Ne
braska, Kansas, Iowa, Illinois, 1ndi-
ana and Ohio. He said there was a
great abundance OF crops generally
in that region. "There will be good
corn crop" he said. "Corn now is
substantially out Of the way of frost.
The corn crops in parts Of Kansas,
Nebraska and Indiana are probably
the finest on record. There has
been more hundreds of millions Of
dollars depending on the ripening Of
this crop this year than the ordi-
nary person has ever realized. While
the crop Is little late, any danger
Of Its failure can now be considered
over. The crop Is good one. While
II may not be o record breaker, the
quality Of the corn Is splendid and,
with the exception OF the southern
states, the yield per acre Is very
heavy. In the south drought has
somewhat affected the corn crop.
"The wheat crop OF the west this
year Is also very fine, and what may
be considered as really the most I'm
p0rtant crop OF all--the grass crop
Abilene weekly reflector. [volume] (Abilene, Kan.) 1888-1935, 1902-09-18
Shifting Soil.

Real Estate Transfers Reported by Keel 4
Ellison. Abstracters.
John R Van Worst to Andrew Peder.
son ei OF mel 1922, $4,000.
Frank C Hansfo-d to Lydia A Wright
Its 9, IL, 10 and Is blk 23 Enter.
prise, $25.
Sarah M Scbilling to J H Kohler Its
IS and IA blk 5 Schilling's ad Her
ington, 500.
r B Jacobs co elk to Geo T Knight 1t
II blk 2 Highland ad Abilene, ~.
R B Jacobs co elk to Henry Foss 1t "a
blk Highland ad Abilene, sl.SO.
Charles Z Lindsey to Martha L Moore
1t 6 and 81 1t blk A Sheeran's Sd
ad Chapman, $3.50.
Mrs. 0 NJ Jackman to Elizabeth A
Hillman 1t 5 blk 2 Knights ad
Chapman, 80.
Abilene weekly reflector. [volume] (Abilene, Kan.) 1888-1935, 1902-09-18
A RELIGIOUS MERGER.
five Sects Likely to Unite within . Few
Years, According to Rev. II. T. stephens,
OF Kansas City, Kan,

Kansas City, Mo-, Sept. 15.--In the
opinion Of Rev. II. II. Stephens, q
member of the faculty of Kansas
City university Of Kansas City, Kan.
union Of the Congregational
and Methodist Protestant churches,
and possibly of the United Brethren,
Primitive Methodists and Cumber-
land Presbyterians will be accom-
plished within q few years.
Mr.. Stephens returned Saturday
from Pomersville, Mo-, where be at
tended the North Missouri confer
ence of the Methodist Protestant
church. At the same time tho
Methodist Professionals of northern
Illinois were in conference at Farm
cr City. Communications were
passed between the two bodies, in
which the proposed union with the
Congregationaists was considered.
DR.. II. X. Painter, Of Minnesota,
chairman Of committee Of Congre-
gationalists named to consider the
matter, addressed the conference OF
Farmer City. He said he had ad-
dressed letters of inquiry to a large
number Of ministers and laymen Of
the Congregational church, large
majority of whom expressed them
selves as favoring the union.
Both conferences" said Mr..
Painter, adopted resolutions re-
questing the president Of the gen.
eral conference, should he receive q
proposition Of union from the Con-
gregatlonallsts, to give it careful
consideration. The union cannot be
accomplished earlier than o year
from next May, when our general
conference will meet. The Congre-
gationalists, Methodist Protestants,
United Brethren, Primitive Metho-
dists and Cumberland Presbyterians
are all democratic organizations, and
II united would form one powerful
church. | would consider their
union one of the most important re-
ligious events Of the century"
Abilene weekly reflector. [volume] (Abilene, Kan.) 1888-1935, 1902-09-18
Threshers Are Scarce.

The farmers report q scarcity Of
men to work on thresbing machines.
The harvest hands who came here 10
the summer bavs gone home and
everybody else Is busy so that it is
difficult to secure help. Much work
remains to be DONE.
Abilene weekly reflector. [volume] (Abilene, Kan.) 1888-1935, 1902-09-18
FISHER WASN'T DISCHARGED.
He Il Still Running .. P. Passenger
Trains Over tho Road.

Salina Republican: In reporting
the discharge Of the Union Pacific
conductors last week most Of the
papers included Conductor Fred Fish.
er's name in the list. Mr.. Fisher has
not been discharged, neither have
charges been made against him. He
is still running on passengers No. |
and 2 and in justice to him the pa
pers should announce the fact.