Middlebury register. (Middlebury, Vt.) 1886-1937, 1902-01-03
ANCIENT UMBRELLAS
THEY FIGURED IN CHURCHES IN THE
EARLY CHRISTIAN DAYS.

In the early Christian churches a
large umbrella usually hung over the
priest, and it Is said that from this
custom 1t became one of the attributes
of cardinals appointed from basilican
churches. For years the doges OF
Venice carried umbrellas OF state, and
in 1888 Pope Alexander III. declared
that these should be surmounted by
golden statuettes of the annunciation.
Michael Morosni was the first Vene-
tian layman to carry an umbrella,
which consisted of a small, fat square
of green stuff, over which was cop
per spiral. Soon after the umbrella
was adopted by fashionable Venetian
danes. According to Coryat's "Crud-
ties" 061D, the Italian umbrella was
a small canopy and was made of leath
err extended by a series of wooden
hoops He says umbrellas were used
by horsemen, who, resting the handles
on the thigh as they rode. bore them
so that they should minister shadow
unto them for shelter against the
scorching sun"
In the Harlcian manuscripts, now in
the British museum. there is in manu-
script No. Cos a crude Illustration
showing the figure of yOeman hold
| ing an umbrella over his lord, which
leads me to infer that umbrellas were
known in England even in the early
Anglo-SaXOn. period.
Beck, as quoted in the Diapers Die
tionary, asserts that at the time that
Stephen usurped the crown of England
| twelfth century, umbrellas were in
common use among the English. The
first mention of the umbrella in Eng
lish literature is in Florios World Of
Wonders" 059S), where it is described
as a "kind of round fan or shadowing
that they use to ride with in summer
in Italy; little shade"
In 1856 an umbrella was exhibited in
the Museum Tradescantianum; or,
Collection of Rarities Preserved at
South Lambeth, Near London by John
Tradescant," which was known as
zone of the wonders of the ark"
In the church of Cartmell, in Lanca-
shire, England, there was preserved
until q few years ago an umbrella said
to be over 300 years old, which was
used chiefly to protect the host.
References to the umbrella are to be
found also in Blount's photographic"
QG7D and Phillips New Worlde of
Words" 061S). In the first the refer
ence reads: "Umbrello, / fashion of
round and broad fans, wherewith the
Indians land from them our great ones)
preserve themselves from the heat of
the sun. and hence any little shadow,
fan or other thing wherewith the wom-
en- guard their faces from the SUM-"
The second runs: "Umbrello, screen
against the suns heat, used chiefly by
the Spaniards, among whom it is known
by the name quitasole."
The imaginative Dean Swift in the
"Tale of Tub 1890 depicts Jack, an
ever resourceful type, making use of a
parchment copy of his fathers will as
a nightcap when he went to bed and as
an umbrella in rainy weather. Did
the worthy Hanway take his cue from
this or from Kersey, according to whom
the umbrella was n broad fan or
screen commonly used by women to
shelter them from rain?" The last ref
erencc, made in 1909, is the first men
ton of it as a protector from the rain
Later Bailey, who in his dictionary
Q73O called it a parasol. defined it as
"a sort of small canopy to keep off the
rain"
Small, light umbrellas came into
fashion among the ladies of the French
court in 1918, and these were carried
by attendants. Richelet tells us thai
they were made of oicloth or leather
and had ribs of whalebone. a century
later they found favor with the men
who carried red umbrellas. with edges
fringed with gold lace.
The precise date when Jonas Han
way, who died in 11S6, introduced the
umbrella into England is not recorded
in any Of the encyclopedias l have al
hand. but they all state that he was
popularity known as its introducer.
With the Dutch, as with the Indiar
grandees, the umbrella was first an at
tribute of dignity, and well it might
be, for the prices paid for them at The
Hague in 1850 ranged from $40 to $40
each. The Dutch colonistS who settled
at the Cape of Good Hope were moi
slow to insist on preserving the dignity
of the umbrella, for Ryk van Tulbagh
governor of Cape Colony in 1852, en-
acted that mo one less in rank thar
a junior merchant or those among the
citizens of equal rank, and the wives
and daughters only of those who are OIL
have been members of any council
shall venture to use umbrellas, ant
those who are less in rank than mer
chants shall not enter the castle in fine
weather with an open umbrella. -
Frank II. Vizetelly in New York
Times.