New-York tribune., 1902-03-16
SOLDIER AND SAILOR Too y
THE "JOLLIEs" OF THE MARINE conn.
OF THE UNITED STATES ANn
GREAT BRITAIN HAVE THE
SAME BADGE AND
MOTTO.

OF Dill Tor the concession Of the rank OF ra,o~
general 10 the commandant of the marine corps -
'he Ohited states, by way Of recognition Of ,s
splehdld services OF this particular branch -
Uncle Sans forces i'm China ana in the PblinDi
comes the news from England that the sovernm...
Is taking steps with view TO a large tnc,s,-
ooth or the Royal Marine Artillery and OF -,
Royal Marine Light Infantry. This display % =.
Preciauon or the value of the "Jolies" t,kir-
place as IL does at the same moment on both So
oi the Atlantic, renders timely a few notes Co.
cerning these fine troops, who have played so o.
rious role in the military and naval bisto-v !,
ther respective countries. These notes are an a.
more necessary good deal Of misappreb4ns,o-
prevails concerning the marines, who in the xors,
OF kudyaTd kipling. are soldier and sailor -.
VINO do duty alike on land and on board shin A..
VINO are species of amPhibious creatures suhIs,.
"hen on land 10 military regulations and when a.
sea to those of the navy
strictly speaking there are only two nov-ars 49,.
nave marines in the real sense Of the vord-nan,slv
the United States and Great Britafn-,nd c,rio,,i
enough they have idcrticaIIv tbe .,r,. r,,t,,..,
badge and motto. True. France Germany r,,I-
ana other maritime powers have sC-caIIed nnarins
infantry and marine artillery among their "arusS
suehsths- But these Continental marines bav,
little in common with their American and EngT,S
comrades OF the same name. They are intendsd
and used for coast defence for earrisoring -.
ports and for hostile and offensive operations a.
the colonies. But they do not form a recosn,zaE
part OF the compliments OF seagung ships as tbsv
90 in England and America. and. therefore canno,
be described. strictly speaking as "Jollies" +" \,
this country and Great Britain however N,
marines constitute the senior corps Of the arr,ss
forces. In England the corps was first orespi,s4
In 1864, and was recruited largely from the LoD
don trained bands. thanks TO winch il s1arss
with the Grenadier Guards. the East Kent Rsvi
ment and the Royal London Militia the otherUis.
exclusive privilege cf marching through the ,itv
of London with colors flying and bavonets srss
In the United States the marine CORPS was urs.
organized in ITI5 for the ''pubIck defense and il
both cases the object which the authorities had
in view In raising the regiments OF marines MA,
to provide the ships of the navy with a speci.l
force which. while possessing the steadness ami
the training of picked troops OF the line should
be accustomed to the peculiar lite OF board msr
of-war ana available not only for duty on hoard
ship, but likewise for a landing force when
ever It became necessary To supplement naval
operations by immediate action on terra hrma
In England the marines were first known as ths
'AdmiraTs Regiment" and for the last one hun.
dred years or more the Crown has been in The
habit of vestng the chief command in that psr,ic-
ular member of the regning family who had adopt
ed the sea as a profession. The present general
of the marines is Admiral the Prince Of Wales
while his predecessor at the head of the corps was
King Edwards sailor brother. the late Duke OF
Edinburgh and Of Coburg- At one moment the Eng
lish marines constituted force of no less than
thirty thousand men, and this strength main
tained throughout the American War of Indepsn-
dence, in which they played a prominent part. and
also subsequently in the Napoleonic wars But a.
the present moment they number about twelve
thousand men, nine thousand of whom are light
infantry and the remainder artillery The latter
blue uniform with scarlet facngs. vhIs
the infantry have scarlet uniform with blue fac
ings. ana the motto OF both is the same as thar
OF the United States Marine CoTps-namey, Per
Mare per Terram"-the badge being likewise idenu-'
CAL In the shape of a globe. They are con-
manded by three generals. in addition 10 the Prince
Of Wales three lieutenant generals and seven
ma jor generals
In the United States the marines number six
thousand men. and at present they have only one
seneral-namely. a brigader in the person Of
Charles Heywood-and the bin before Con
gress has for its object 10 promote him TO ths
rank of major general. and 10 make the marins
corps a major generals command. not only on ac-
count Of its numerical size. but likewise because
is as in England, picked force in every sense q
the word.
The standard physical and moral. Of those vhO
enlist in the marines is considerably superior 70
that OF the Hne. of the svamru. This IS parity
due To the fact that the service is more popular
which enables the recruiting officers 10 effect
more careful choice In selecting their men, Thsss
receive better pay, and. . England at any rate.
better pension than soldiers OF the army, and
whereas In Great Britain the short service term
has been adopted FOR the army, the long servcs
term mas oeen retained ln the case ot the marine
corps whiSh eniists men Tor term Of twelve
years with special inducements IN The way o. n
creased pay and pensions when they re-enSage 10Y
nine years more This explains why the marines
IN EnSland are always looked upon as such sea-
sUteu ttVopS anu "uE tneN are so lIlineaSII19S 9r
superior In military training and in all so!dieIiAs
qualities TO the ordinary regiments ot the line.
Here IN the United states the enlistment IS lor
nNe years and 80 popular is the corps that large
terms.
The United States marines. by the bye. are abs
10 ooaSt OF being the nrst armed force OF tniS
U, 20 plant us nag upon d IoTt IN me W
Morld. and II IS in recognition IF the capture Or
that their coors to this day bear The name q
Irlpoll inscribed thereon. The American "Jolles
both on land and sea, IN all the hostile opera
tons in which the United States has been engaged
gaFement bet5Es ~ 'nT @ ~ shan
non, figured in the Mexican War as Well as in al
the important coast and sea fights of the CIvA
war, served IN Cuba in the war Of 1895. took psIt
IN the battle of Manila, we'll IN all the suoSe-
march for the relief of Pers IN is II Is spsn-
did record. and has Won for them more than
score OF occasions the thanks Cf Congress
The annals of the English marine corps arg
hSures among its devices. commentaries the par
which the marines took in the defence OF that
stronghold under Sir George Elliott and they have
not only had a large share in every one or me
great naval victories OF England in The last thrss
centuries. but have likewise played an important
role In many military operations ON land. havlns
repeatedly earned the thanks of Parliament -.
While the commanding officers on board snip az,
preCiate the marines at their tUll worth. AdnIa
FarraSut expressing the opinion that the marine
guard IS one OF the Sreat essentials Of a manor
war il may be questioned whether they are as
general rule popular with the rank and file or mo
navy This is no doubt in part due the fact that
In olden times. when the navy recruited y
means of the press gang and mutinies were COZ
sequently frequent. the marines were used by me
naval commanders for the suppression OF all insas.
ordination and sedition on board ship. In the sTss.
mutnies OF the More. at Spithead and Bantry bay
in the early part OF the last century il largeY
owing to the loyalty and to the gallantry OF US
marines on board the three fleets that the mrt-
neers were reduced 10 subsection and the snEs
saved from destruction, and before the close OF ts
year Parliament had publicly thanked the marines
Ior their devotion and their steadfaStness IN cor
nectton with the affair II is due in a measure v
this that the Jollies have ever since been looSel
upon by the Jack TarS'' as constituting species
o. police over them. and the presence Of the ma.
hoard a of iu0ur faff tneI