The Birmingham age-herald., 1902-07-20

grapes and the oil of cognac are little more than fusel oil diluted.
 oil of pine apple is best made by the action of putrid cheese on sugar, or by distilling rancid butter with alcohol and sulphuric acid.
 One of the most popular perfumes has for one of its essential ingredients ma terial which is obtained from the drain ings of cow-houses, and Is also obtained from one of the products of gas tar, out of which is also obtained the oil of bit ter almonds. which is so largely used in the manufacture of perfumed soap and confectionery.
 The refuse of cities throughout the civ ilized world is now generally collected and disposed of for sanitary reasons, and in many instances it is in addition util- ized to good advantages for industrial purposes. Formerly this refuse was sim ply accumulated, and was disposed of by burning it or casting it into streams, or on waste lands.
 Waste Heat From Furnaces.
 Now, bones, glass, rags, iron, paper and other articles are separated and collected and sold. Old tin cans are used for the recovery of the solder, for the recovery of the tin, and for remelting in the manu- facture of steel or iron.
 The waste heat from furnaces, into which the inflamable material is thrown may be utilized for steam purposes in operating engines for electric lighting and power. As an instance of this. the city of Glasgow. Scotland, obtains waste heat from such furnaces equivalent to nearly 9co0-horse power per day of ten hours. for manufacturing purposes
 The foods wastes of New York City are disposed of by a process which Is briefly, steam digestion and a separation of the cooked products into greases and fertil- izer products. The solids, after being dried and screned are sold to manufac- turers of fertilizers, and by them mace up into grades particularly adapted to the cotton belt. The greases are nearly all shipped abroad, refined, and separated into various grades-such as glycerine, red oil, lard oil, and more inferior grades.
 The economic uses of furnace slag have, MT. Kittredge says, been greatly develop ed within the last few years. Formerly this slag was carted away from the fur mace and disposed of as waste material, and within recent years it was estimated that the cost of removing this waste from the furnaces of Great Britain was about $2500,000 annually.
 Now a considerable portion is utilized as substitute for artificial porphyry in construction of buildings, and for street pavements. Paving stones are made from it for the streets of Metz, Brussels, and Paris. Good bricks are also made from 1t, and it can be manufactured into a ce- ment equal to the best Portland.
 Using Waste Gases.
 Mir. Kittredge says very important innovation In the metallurgical industry is the utilization of the waste gases Of blast furnaces for working gas engines. This improvement is shown to mean, by a theoretic calculation, an additional profit of $1.25 on each ton of pig iron pro- duction, and this means for Germany alone, the only country where the utili- zation of these waste gases has as yet been effected, a gain of more than $10,- 600, 900 on her entire wrought-iron produc- ton.
 The report shows that all the products of lumber and timber formerly wasted are now turned to some of the new pro- ducts of considerable value. Of this class is saw dust, which was formerly consid- u& d an absolute waste material, and was allowed to float down stream or was throw in heap and disposed of.
 A way has been found of preparing this material which gives it value far above that of solid timber By the process the particles of sawdust are formed into a solid mass, capable of being moulded into any shape and of receiving a brilliant polish, and possessing a durability and beauty of appearance not found in ebony,