davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1902-06-28
THE BRITISH PEERAGE.
Peculiaritie& and Perplexities of tn
Use of Titles Among the AristO-
cratic Families.

Ii the British peerage had been spe
clally designed as puzzle it could
hardly have been made more perplex.
ing than it is, even for those who move
within its exalted circle. In fact, sc
confusing is it that peer might well
be excused for having occasional
doubts as to his own identity, says a
London correspondence of the ST.
Louis Republic.
II, for instance, one were to call
out the name Lord Grey" to an as
sembly of the peerage, no fewer than
hive of our aristocrats would answer
to the name; for there are an Earl
Grey, Viscount Grey de Wilton, Lord
Grey de Ruthyn, Lord Grey of Groby
and an Earl de Grey; while Baron
Walsingham is also De Grey.
The titled Hamiltons are quite as
confusing, for are there not a duke
OF Hamilton, a marquis of Hamilton,
two Barons Hamilton, of whom one
is the duke of Argyll and the other
Viscount Boyne, and Lord Hamilton
OF Dalzell; while Hamilton is also the
patronymic of the duke of Abercorn
and Lords Holmpatrick and Belhaven.
Two of our peers answer to the de-
scription of Lord Amherst-Earl Am
herst and Lord Amherst of Hackney
There are three Lords Howard; one of
bingham, another of Glossop and
the third of Walden. There are two
Lords Mar-the earl of Mar and the
earl of Mar and Kellie-and so on, I'M
til the brain almost reels with the
confusion of them all.
And where peers do not bear identi-
cal titles, the titles are so similar that
none but a peerage expert can always
distinguish them. There are Lord
Middleton and Lord Middleton; a
Lord Langford and an earl of Long
ford; Lords Lilford and Lifford and a
Viscount Kynnaird and Baron Kin
naird. And how is the man in the
street to distinguish between the earl
OF Lindsey and his lordship of Lind
say; between Lord Hampton and Wis
count Hampden; Lord L'Isle and Lord
de 1isle, or between the earl of Mill
More difficult to master than the
identity of peers bearing the same, or
practically the same, titles is the pro-
of many of the names in
our peerage. Why, for example,
should the marquis of Abergavenny
be known as Abergenny, Lord Stour-
ton as Sturton, Lord De la War; as
Delawar. the marquis of Cholmonde-
ley as Chumley, Earl Beauchamp as
Beecham, Lord Farquhar as Farker-er,
Lord de Ros as De Roos, Baron Hot
lam as Hutham, Lord Magheramorne
is Lord Marramorn? Lord Powers
court becomes Poorscort; Lord Pou-
EFT is addressed as Paulet; and among
aristocratic family names Leveson-
Cover is transformed into Loosen
Gore; Fiennes into Fynes; Foljambe
INTO Fooljam; Dumaresq into Doomer-
lick; Dalzell into De-ell and Colquhoun
nto Cohoon.
Another curiosity of the peerage
which adds to the justification of the
student is the number of foreign titles
borne by our nobles-in fact, there is
scarcely country in Europe which
las not conferred title on one or
'ther of our peers. The earl of New
'urgh is also an Italian Marquis Ban
lini, duke of Montdragone, and count
# Carniola, and bears the very I'M
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1902-06-28
Force of Gravity Over the Oceans.

WV "a ~ WY OsCA 1"C OCC0HDs
The force of gravity over the land
IS determined by counting the number
of swings of pendulum of known
length that occur III known lapse
of time. DR.. Hecker, of Potsdam, has
recently made an attempt to deter
mine the relative force of gravity over
different parts of the Atlantic ocean
between Hamburg and Bahia by means
of barometer and hypsometer "a
boiling point thermometer). The ba-
rometric formula contains a term de-
pending on the intensity of gravity at
the place of observation. The hyp-
someter is independent of this influ-
ence. A comparison of the results of
simultaneous observations by the two
methods affords means of determin-
ing the force of gravity approximate
ly. The preliminary results indicate
that gravity of the deep ocean is near
ly normal and they confirm Pratt's
hypothesis in regard to the isostatic
arrangement of the masses of the
earth's crust.-N. Y. Sun.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1902-06-28
IN THE PHILIPPINES.
There Are Many Different Languages
In Use Among the Various
Islands.

Here are the languages they speak in
the Philippines: Ilocano. Igorote,
Pangasinan. Pampangan, Tagal, Bis
col, Bicol, Bisayan, while in the north
ern part of Luzon there is. still another
tongue, and the Jolo tribes speak still
another making ten languages
for the 100000 people. The dialects
and languages of the "non-Christian
Tribes as Gov. Taft designates
large proportion of this 10000, 900, are
beyond comprehension. In answer to
question when he was before the
house committee on insular affairs a
few weeks ago, says Washington re-
port, Gov. Taft gave the following idea
of the linguistic qualities of the inhab-
itants of the Philippine archipelago:
beginning at the north of Luzon,
there is language in Cagayan and
1sabala that is different from any other
in the island. On the west side of the
northern end of the island of Luzon
is the. 1locano. In Bengeut they speak
an Igorote language, and also Ilocano
to some extent. Coming down the
map there are the Pangasinan MAN and
the 1locano. In Pangasinan both are
spoken. Pampangan is spoken in Tar
lac, in the southern part, and Pangasi.
nanian is spoken in the northern part,
In Bulacan, Cavite, Batangas and Tay-
abas Tagalis spoken, and in the north
ern part of Ambos Camerines. In AL
bay and Sorsogon and the southern
part OF Ambos Camerines the Bicol is
spoken. In Masbate, where the three
tribes meet, the Bicol, the Visayan and
the Tagal are spoken. In samar.
Leyte, Cebu, Bohol and Negroes Visa
yam IS spoken, and also Romblon. In
Mindoro the Tagal is spoken. Where
the Visayan language is spoken they
have two dialects, the northern and
Cebuyan. The Jolo tribes speak a
language of their own"
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1902-06-28
BY Comparison.

Shelf must be awful to be buried
alive-squeezed in coffin and I'M
able to move.
He-Yes, indeed. tell you, Jane,
there are worse places than this fiat,
if you only stop to think about it.
Judge.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1902-06-28
A M1NsTREL's LUCKY BANJO.
Brought Him Assistance When He
Was Reduced to the Verge of
Starvation,

The death recently of Billy West,
the negro minstrel, recalls the luck
that banjo brought to New York
boy who went to California in 1852 to
'get rich in the gold mines. He was
Charlie Bensel, of a well-known fam
lily in this city, relates the New York
Tribune, and had learned the machin-
lists trade, as well as to play the banjo,
and he obtained position as assistant
engineer on small steamer that went
around to the Pacific by way of the
Straits of Magellan. While lying in
the harbor of Callao, Peru, the vessel
took fire and was destroyed, and those
on board saved only what they could
carry in their hands. Bensel and the
others subsequently reached San
Francisco by working their passages
on other vessels. ...e--
When young Bensel reached San
Francisco all he had in the world
were the clothes he had on and his
banjo, and after wandering about two
or three days in an unsuccessful
search for employment he became so
hungry that he concluded to get one
good meal at restaurant and then
give promise to pay" After eating
a couple of dollars worth in one of
the tent restaurants he went to the
proprietor and told his story. The
proprietor was so impressed with Ben
sells truthfulness that he told him he
would trust him until he got enough
to pay his bill. but. observing that he
had banjo. asked him to play tune,
which resulted in his being hired to
play and sing negro melodies at the
door of the tent to attract custom.
Soon afterward he went into the mines
at Virginia City. where he succeeded
beyond his anticipations, but in a cou-
pie of years he organized minstrel
company, which became popular not
only on the Pacific coast, but also in
China, where it went on a tour and
where Bensel died. He had been asso-
ciated with Backus, Birch, Wambold,
Cotton, Coe and other Ministries, in
GLIDING West, and before he died he
owned large property in Sacrament
to His start in life he attributed to
The banjo, which he had learned to
play when an apprentice boy in New
York.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1902-06-28
English name of Sigismund Nicholas
Venantius Gaetano Francis Giustini.

| English name of Sigismund Nicholas
Venantius Gaetano Francis Giustini
ami.
The duke of Hamilton is also dul,
of Chatellerault in France; Lord Rea,
combines the craftsmanship of tn,
| Scottish clan Mackay with the title o:
! Baron Mackay of Ophemert, in Hol
land, and until 1879 was not even nat
uralized Englishman. The earl OF
Perth is due de Melfort, Comte Lussar
and Baron de Valrose in France; an6
the earl of Clanearty is known to
Dutchmen as marquis of Heusden.
The duke of Marlborough is the Sua.
bian prince of Mindelheim and prince
of the Holy Roman empire; Viscount
Bridport is duke of Bronte in Italy;
the duke of Wellington is Spanish
grandee, prince of Waterloo, Spanish
duke, and duke, marquis and count
of Portugal; and Lord Pirbright is a
baron of the Austrian empire.
Few things are more surprising than
the large number of so-called names
to be found i'll the peerage. Lord
Strathcona and Viscountess Handle
den are Smiths; Robinson is the
patronymic of the marquis of Rpon.
Earl de Grey and Baron Rosmead;
and the Brownies with an "e') are
represented by Lords Sligo, Kilmaine
and Kenmare. The late Lord Rane-
lagh was Jones; and the famous earl
of Liverpool answered to the name
of jenkins.
Among other commonplace names
borne by our peers are Pratt, Parker,
White, Hay, Cole, Coke, Burns, Dod-
son, Hogg, Hozier, Wood, Williamson
and Wallop.
1t is remarkable to what an extent
titles run in certain families. The
Towards, Douglasses and Stuarts, or
Stewards, claim no fewer than 20
peerages among them: the Stanhopes
are represented by three earldoms
and there are three noble families of
Grosvenor; while even such ordinary
names as Parker, Hay and Browne mo-
nopolize two marquisites, four earl.
doms and a barony.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1902-06-28
Forestry i'm Hawaiian Islands.

About Is years ago the Hawaiian
government undertook forest work.
and very soon the hills back of Homo
lulu were clothed with a dense and
luxuriant growth of eucalyptus of sew
eral varieties, the Australian waffle
and other trees of that character.
These trees have already exercised a
noticeable influence in conserving
rainfall and rendering the climate in
the vicinity more agreeable. J
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1902-06-28

When we look back to the DAYS
of primeva1 man upon this earth
the days when each lived for him.
self, and every mans hand was
against his neighbor - and COM
pare such state of things with
the vast social fabric of the twen-
tieth century of our own era, the
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1902-06-28

her face with an admiration Ill con.
cealed. young and singularly hand.
some man of Is.
II fancied. II thought you were
quite an old man all the time," she
faltered, cor, of course" She broke
off with an eloq1ent blush, and
dropped her eyes.
"Facilis descensus Averno-" muir
INJURED the Philosopher, still gazing
on the half-averted face before him.
"Sed revocare gradum''
she replied, darting at him a swift
little mischievous glance from under
a Pickering eyelid.
"What" exclaimed the Philosopher.
''1s it possible that you understand
Latin, that you have read Virgil
you?"
ut is sin, I know" she answered,
demurely; ''but 1 do have, really.
II am philosopher, too. You see,
1 was at Girton, where they make a
study of the emotions" she added,
with little saucy laugh.
For moment the Philosopher was
silent. Then he said:
PHILOSOPHY is like a fog, and the
'twopenny tube is like the beauty
that dispels its fallacies. I renounce
my creed. proclaim a heresy.
Philosophy and love are no longer
incompatible" He paused to throw
out a suggestion. MAY they not"
he inquired, continue to walk, hand
in hand, side by side, together.
through the thick, impenetrable fog,
the lonely, inhospitable mists of the
distant unknown future?"
But the reply of his companion
was lost in the sudden roar of the ap-
preaching train.-Emeric Hume Bea-
man, in London Sketch.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1902-06-28
Cuban Forests.

No less than 100000 acres of Cuba
nearly half the island-are forest.
There are 80 different species of palms
alone found there.
The pioneer press. (Miller, Hand County, S.D.) 1893-190?, 1902-10-23
STORAGE DAMS.
Black Hills Counties interested In
Their Construction.

Black Hills Counties Interested In
Their Construction.
The matter of building storage dams
is being agitated considerably around
Sturgis.
number Of counties in the state
will this fall vote upon the proposition
OF placing substantial dams across the
streams and gulches which are crossed
by public highways. These counties
have expended a large amount of mon,
ey in the way of bridge-building, which
are very necessary during the rainy
season of the summer, or at the time
Oh melting snow in the spring, but for
part of the year they have no spe-
cial use. The proposed plan is to
build dams instead of bridges, the
structure to be wide enough on top for
wagon road. These can be used for
crossing purposes at almost an ydme,
and will serve to store water in ponds
over the country.
lin the case of counties organized
INTO civil townships this would come
under the control of the various town
boards; but where such organizations
nave not been formed, it devolves up.
on the county officials, and Meade is
one OF the counties in which the mat
yer will be submitted to the voters oil
tne whole county
The pioneer press. (Miller, Hand County, S.D.) 1893-190?, 1902-10-23
MITcHSLL's LETTER.
He Scores Operators and Praises Sc
lection Of Commission.

lection of Commission.
Washington, Oct. IA. - President
Mitchell's letter accepting President
Roosevelt's appointment of arbitrators
for a settlement of the coal strike was
made public at the White House yes
terday morning.
II is an exhaustive review Of the
situation from the miners stcndpoint.
He states that he was opposed to the
operators position because of the re-
strictions placed upon the president,
but now that the restrictions had been
removed he was willing to accept the
arbitrament of the commission.
Mr. Mitchell comments bitterly on
the conduct of the operators at the
first conference at the White House,
characterizing their attitude as in
sulting and unmanly. In closing, he
says:
by the eminent tribunal which you
have named we have confidence that
Justice will be done our people. We
are glad to have a chance to appear
before lch court empowered to con-
slider and dispose of all questions at
issue. First among those is the de-
mand of the mineworkers for In
creased wages and reduction In the
hours of laoo-; second is the relations
which ought 10 exist between the en-
ployers and an organization which the
men have formed and which they au-
thorize to speak for them. From this
arbitration we hope and believe will
come a complete, satisfactory and per-
manent solution of the troubles which
have vexed the anthracite field from
time immemorial."
The pioneer press. (Miller, Hand County, S.D.) 1893-190?, 1902-10-23
FATAL DEER HUNTING.
Four Men Killed In the Northern Wis
consin Waods.

Four Men Killed in the Northern Wis
consin Waods.
Milwaukee, Oct. 19.-Reports reach
Milwaukee from the northern part of
the state every day or two of the ac-
cidental shooting of men who are
hunting In the woods. Four men have
been killed while deer hunting, al
though this is the closed season. At
Phillips, where II was recently report
ed that no regard was paid to the law
by large number of citizens, although
most of the people of the town and sur
rounding country are law-abiding, two
men were this week fined for hunting
deer. Yesterday a report came from
Pembine of the occidental shooting OF
Charles jenkins, an Ohioan. A ball
from a rifle, fired by a man named
Gray, passed through his body, and he
will die. The report says that Gray
was firing at a partridge" but as
rifles are not often used to hunt this
kind OF game, the suspicion will pre-
vail among people who are interested
in the protection of the deer In Wis
consin that Gray was not partridge
hunting. There are nearly one hun
died game wardens in the state under
the direction of chief, but this num-
Der is altogether too small to prevent
illegal hunting. ..
The pioneer press. (Miller, Hand County, S.D.) 1893-190?, 1902-10-23
BY BIG MAJORITY
PROVE OF THE ARslTRA.
TON SCHEME.
SOME OPPOSITION DEVELOPS
BUT ELECTION OF DELEGATES
INDICATES THAT MAJORITY
FAVOR IT.
SOME OPPOSITION DEVELOPS
MITCHtIl SCORES OPERATORS
IN HIS LETTER TO THE PRESl.
DENT HE TAKES A SLAP
AT THEM.

Wilkesbarre, Pa, Oct. 10. - A ma
jority of the local miners unions yes
terday elected delegates to the con-
vention which will be held here next
Monday to consider the arbitration
plan submitted by President Roose-
veit. Results show that the plan will
be approved by large majority.
There is some opposition to accept
ance, but IL is certain that majority
of the delegates will come 20 the con-
vention instructed TO vote In favor OF
accepting the arbitration scheme. The
prominent officials of the union say
there Is no fear that the opposition
will be strong enough to defeat the
efforts of those who favor ending the
strike by arbitrating their differences
with the operators.
President Mitchell does not care to
anticipate the action OF the conven-
ton, but from his manner 1t is taken
that he has not the slightest doubt as
10 the result He will go into the con-
vention and make strong speech for
the acceptance of the arbitration
scheme. The indications are the con-
vention will last two days and that
there will be much
Debate on Various Features
OF the arbitration plan. The conditions
at some collieries are different from
those existing at other places. The
principal question to be discussed be-
fore the plan is accepted by the min
ers will be that of taking care of all
the men. The conditions OF the mines
are such that all workmen cannot be
given work Immediately, and some
will have to wait for three weeks be-
fore the companies can take care or
them. The operators will not dismiss
the non-union men in order to give
employment to returning striker. II
is understood that the union will take
care of all such men who fail TO ind
immediate employment. This will be
done by drawing funds from the relief
fund, which is said to be still growing.
1t is estimated that rs per cent OK
the collieries will be in operation on
the first day after the suspension Is
over. The railroads are making every
effort to have enough cars on hand to
carry the freshly mined coal to mar
ket and are sending thousands or cars
into the regions and placing them on
sidings at the collieries.
The pioneer press. (Miller, Hand County, S.D.) 1893-190?, 1902-10-23
One of Those Treasures

Three women were having an expe-
rience meeting on the hotel piazza
The first told how her maid had locked
her in the bath room and fed from the
house. Tho second told of a green
cook who had boiled the watermelon.
The third said:
well, my latest treasure has just
landed, and did not know no VITO wash
windows, so l explained the matter to.
her. We live on the fifth floor of an
apartment house, and / showed her
how to wash the outside by sitting on
the sill and letting her feet hang into
the room. Imagine my amazement,
when l went back, few minutes later.
and found her washing the glass on
the inside and sitting with her feet
dangling cut in the street. New York
Times.
The pioneer press. (Miller, Hand County, S.D.) 1893-190?, 1902-10-23
THE MARKETS.
Latest Quotations From Grain and
Live Stock Centers.

Latest Quotations From Grain and
Live Stock Centers.
st. Paul, Oct. 20. - Wheat - No. l
Northern, 20 "a Tic; No. 2 Northern,
67G6Sc; No. 3, 64@66c; no grade, 500
Csc. Corn-No. 8 yellow. 5000 No.
3, 5Sc; 40 grade, so 1-2c. RRye-No.
2, Acc. Barley-Malting grades. 400
49c; feeding grades, 40@42c. Flax
No. 1, $1.21. CGts-No. 3 white, 800
30 1-2c; No. 4 white, 30932c; No. 3,
! ESQ 30c.
Minneapolis, Oct. 20. - Wheat-No.
hard, re; No. Northern, Tic; No. 2
Northern, 69c.
/ Duluth. Oct. 90. - Wheat - No. 1
hard, 70 1-Sc; No. 1 Northern, II 5-Sc;
I No. 2 Northern, SO 5-Sc: No. spring,
67 5-Sc; oats. 31c; rye, As lie; barley.
35@53c; fax. s1.1S.
! Chicago, Oct. 20. - Wheat - No. 2
red. 75c; No. 8 red, 68@71 1-2c; No. q
hard, winter, TIC; No. 3 hard winter,
6S669c; No. 1 Northern spring, 73c;
No. 2 Northern spring, 71@72c; No. 3
| spring, 67@71c. Corn-No. 2, SO 100
60c; No. 3, SO 10000. Oats--No. 2,
20 1-2@ soc: No. 3. CSC.
Milwaukee, Oct. 20. - Wheat - No.
| ! Northern, 70 1-2@74c; No. 2 North
ern, ~ 1-2673c; December, II 7-S a.
72c. Rye-No. 1, sic. Barley--No. 2,
69c Oats-Standard, 80 1908 1-2c.
Corn-Decemher. 51@51 1-Sc.
Sioux City, Iowa, Oct 20. - Cattle
/ Beeves, Sc "a 1875: cows, bulls and
mixed, $22564; stockers and feeders,
s250@475; yearlings and calves, $3.50
"a. Hogs, $6.s5@7.i0; bulk, 5000
Sos.
Chicago, Oct. 20. - Cattle-Good to
prime steers, $72598.5o; stockers and
feeders, $2.25@3.20; cows, $1.40@475:
heifers, s2.25@5.25; bulls, s2.253475;
calves, s3.75@7.25; Texas-fed steers.
1904. Hogs Mixed and butchers,
| S6.75@7.40: good TO choice heavy,
$695@750; rough heavy, $6.40@6.90:
| light, $6.45@7.05; bulk of sales, $3.50
| al. Sheep-Good to choice wethers,
S340@3.75; fair to choice mixed, s2.25
| $3.50; Western sheep, S2.50@3.60;
native lambs, s3.50@5.40; Western
lambs. $350@5.10.
South st. Paul, Oct. 20. - Cattle -
Good to choice steers. s5G5.5O; good
| to choice cows and heifers, 1925 90
425; good to choice feeding steers, 81
| OATS; stock steers, $363.25; steer
calves, $2@3; good to choice stock
cows and heifers, $2.40@2.60: heifer
calves. $2Q2.6O. Hogs-Price range,
| S640@6.50; bulk, 6.S5 "a $50; rough
sorts, 1925. Sheep - Fancy lambs,
$4,000; good to choice fat lambs.
| $3.60@3.S5; culls and stock lambs,
$3.50 "a 1926; good to choice yearling
wethers, S3.25Q3.40.
The pioneer press. (Miller, Hand County, S.D.) 1893-190?, 1902-10-23
A Great Mans Small Victory.

Cecil Rhodes was dead and people
were saying that Alfred Belt was
worth S375,000,000, when a visitor at
Ostend noticed an unprepossesing-lo look
ing man he knew slightly playing
earnestly at ''petits chevaux." A lit
tie later he met his acquaintance leay-
little man said was:
What do you think? / have just
won $50i"
1t was Alfred Belt, who, while Cecil
Rhodes lived, worked tirelessly in the
shadow of the greater man and in
partnership with him, and who is now
the head and front of the South Afri-
can mine owners. And the incident
sums up his career.--lyerbodys Mag
aZine.
The pioneer press. (Miller, Hand County, S.D.) 1893-190?, 1902-10-23
How the Coal Miner Progresses.

I'm twelve years old, goin' on thir-
teen," said the boy to the boss of
the breaker. He didn't look more
than ten, and he was only nine,
but the law said he must be twelve to
get job. He was one multitude of
the 10000 youngsters of the mines.
who, because miners families are
large and their pay comparatively
small. start in the breaker before many
boys have passed their primary school
ing. From the time he enters the
breaker there is a rule of progress that
is almost always followed. Once a
miner and twice boy-breaker, the
upward growth of boy to man, break
er-boy to miner, the descent from man
hood to old age, from miner to break
er-boy; that is the rule. So the nine
year-old boy who is twelve, goin' on
thirteen" starts in the breaker
John Mcdowell, in Worlds Work.
The pioneer press. (Miller, Hand County, S.D.) 1893-190?, 1902-10-23
Gone Before.

81 didn't think I'd find you In, to-
day." said the subscriber. "They told
me yesterday that you expected to at
tend funeral to-day"
$50 did," replied the Western ed
itor, but the funeral was indefinitely
postponed"
Indefinitely"
"Yes; the fellow was after skipped
the town. "-Philadelphia Press.