davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1902-05-14

The Cooperative union at Milan has
established the first Rowton house in
Italy. a huge building with $50 bed
rooms, with everything of the most
faultless make and perfect pattern.
Cooperative pharmacies are much ap-
preciated by the working classes. There
are seventeen general stores i'm con-
nection with the Turin Cooperative al
lance, and excepting with regard to
bread, the Turin alliance has adopted
the old Rochdale principle. Bread is
sold under current rates. The stores
are open to all the world, and all who
deal receive the same amount of divi-
dends, but provident benefits, free
medical treatment, and education at
the popular university are reserved for
members only. The productive soce-
ties are for the most part humble.
The societies of bricklayers and stone
masons undertake contracts for execu-
ting buildings. and give general salts
faction. Italian cooperatives do little
as yet in respect of providing laborers'
dwellings; but, on the other hand, the
agricultural banking movement has
spread far and wide throughout Italy,
states the Economic Review.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1902-05-14

London's latest fad is said to be
system of somersauts for cure for fat
people. There is no question that the
turning of handsprings has tendency
10 reduce obesity, but 1t is heroic cure
and the average man or woman who
weighs over 250 pounds would be In
great danger of breaking the neck to
indulge in such gymnastics.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1902-05-14

Minneapolis Times remarks that
medical expert testimony in suits at
law has faller in such disfavor that
judges, lawyers and physicians alike
are casting about for way to restore
Il TO respectabillty. Expert testimony
should be candid. impartial and scien-
tifcally true. In practice the reverse
Is too often the case.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1902-05-14

President Wheeler of the University
of California, says that football is be-
coming more and more restricted to
the specialist that IT tends to exclude
even the average healthy man. and
that it on the whole. encourages root
ing" rather than physical develop
mput.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1902-05-14

The Brooklyn Eagle says that within
n radius of ten blocks of his Office there
are twelve abandoned churches. The
population in the same era is greater
than 1t has been at any time in the his
tory of the city.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1902-05-14

The wedding in the dome of the Cap
itol at Washington, 375 feet above the
ground. may be classed with propriety
as a happening in high life
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1902-05-14

New South Wales attaches the
death penalty to setting fire to
dwelling house knowing that person
is there.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1902-05-14

Divers are able to converse under
water by placing their helmets, which
are invariably made of copper. togeth-
er, and shouting to one another. The
sound, they say, is swiftly and dis
tinctly conveyed.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1902-05-14
QUAINT AND CURIOUS.

According to the traditions. about
tion of Pompeii. The eXcavators have
found 2S6 human skeletons and those
OF nine horses and five dogs.
Divers are able to converse under
water by placing their helmets, which
are invariably made of copper. togeth-
er, and shouting to one another. The
sound. they say, is swiftly and dis
tinctly conveyed.
1t was William Pitt who originated
the income tax in Great Britain, in
1898, as a war tax. The Napoleonic
wars were fought with it. From that
time to this 1t has been the resort
Of all ministers to meet war expendi-
lures.
The combined age Of four brothers
of the Bastien family of Galena. ILL.,, is
S43 years. of the four brothers and
two sisters. sos years, the youngest
of them being n, and the oldest SO
years old. They are all in good health,
and live within a radius of two miles
of each other.
The foundations of a Roman villa
have been laid bare In Greenwich
park, London. by the park keeper.
The space opened has an area of about
16 feet, and the only loose materials
found, so far, are some tiles. The
discovery is regarded with great in.
terest by local authorities.
The earliest known hot water heat
ing is curiously traced to Greenland,
where the strangely forgotten colony
of Norweigians had increased to 100
villages in the 14th century. A Ger
man author was told in 1916 of the
heating and cooking by water in pipes
from a hot spring. The ruins of the
colony were located in 1928, and the
hot spring was some years ago seen
by an American artist.
Two remarkable historical relics
lave lately come under the auction
eer's hammer in Europe. At the Fal
kenhayn sale in Vienna the pen used
by Czar Alexander l., Emperor Fran
els H., and King Frederick William
III. of Prussia to sign the Holy Al
lance" treaty was sold for $3.50. In
London the pale blue silk undershirt
that King Charles I. took off and gave
to his doctor before stepping upon the
scaffold, brought 1902.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1902-05-14

The roar of a waterfall is produced
almost entirely by the bursting of mill
lions O; air bubbles.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1902-05-14

According to the traditions. about
1000 people perished in the destruc.
ton of Pompeii. The excavators have
found 2S6 human skeletons and those
of nine horses and five dogs.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1902-05-14

Dazzling prospects seldom make one
blind to ones own interest
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1902-05-14

HOR Sc CLIPPING
Have just received q complete set OF las-
chine horse clippers Of latest style 90 pattern
ina am prepared to do clipping Ia the best
possible manner at reasonable rates.
jackson st. near Fifth. Reynoldsville. Pa.
Heppner gazette. [volume] (Heppner, Morrow County, Or.) 1892-1912, 1902-06-12
Baseball At Lexington Sunday

Last Sunday the Hrppner baseball
nine and number OF friends went to
Lexington to test their abilities on the
diamond,
The game WAS called at > 80 and the
players were in position and ready for
business at the appointed time. Both
sides were confident OF winning and
the game WAS hotly contested from start
to finish, Both sides played good ball
considering the practice they have bad.
The home team received fine treat
ment and have only kinds words to
speak for our sister town.
There will probably be return game
played in Heppner next Sunday.
The following is the line up:
Heppner gazette. [volume] (Heppner, Morrow County, Or.) 1892-1912, 1902-06-12
INTERESTING SESSION.
Netting of the Middle Oregon Bsp-
tist Association.

The 20th annual session Of the Mid
die Oregon Baptist Association con
e vened in this city Wednesday Of las
week and closed an interesting meeting
| Sunday evening. There was good at
tendance Of delegates from the Mddl,
Oregon district, and the work Of the
association brought forth encouraging
results.
w. c. Lacy OF Heppner presided as
moderator and + T Mott Of i ssil was
elected clerk
The first day was principa lv taken
np in ettecting organization and out
lining the work.
Wednesday evening the animal SER
mon was preached by Rev Clifton Of
| The Dalles.
At II O'Clock Thursday mornig, Rev.
Fredenserg Of Fox Valley preached.
The day was taken up by reports OF
committees and discussion OF church
work in general. Ia the evening Rev.
Bledso Of Portland preached Discus
cussion was continued until Friday at
II O'Clock when Rev Lawson Of May.
vile preached. Friday afternoon was
devoted to Sunday schools and work Of
the Woman's Home Mission Society,
which WAS followed by very interest
ing address by Miss Milspaw on mis-.
sion wo.k.
Friday evening was taken up by
sermon bv Rev Moody.
Saturday morning Rev Miller |
preached and in the evening Rev. i
Mount OF Fossil delivered the Ioctrinal
sermon.
Sunday morning Rev. Brown OF lone
delivered missionary sermon and in
the afternoon Miss Milspaw addressed
the young people.
The meeting closed Sunday evening
with services and sermon by Rev. Ciif-
ton Of The Dalles
The next meeting OF the association
will be held at Mayville
Heppner gazette. [volume] (Heppner, Morrow County, Or.) 1892-1912, 1902-06-12
I. X. Howard for fine groceries.

. i IL. howard Tor me groceries,
Hon. J. W. Morrow went to Weston
} Monday.
. Summer corsets, cotton under~ ear
gloves, etc. just received at Mrs. J., J
Estes.
foundation for the new court house
From now on large force Of men viii
be employed.
County Clerk Crawford and wife leave
for The Dalles on tomorrow mornng'f
train. Mr.. Crawford goes on business
with the land Office. They will also
spend few days in Hood River before
returning.
Marshal Geo. Thornton is busily en-.
gagged in cleaning up the streets and
improving the sanitary conditions, Mr..
Thornton especially requests all prop
erty owners to freely use dislniectants
during the heated season.
On Saturday, the l7th inst, 35 head
OF yearling steers we're sold by Spray
parties to X. j. Fuller OF Monument.
OF this number VIM. Collins owned IS,
Jack Conaway 10 and J b. kerrck two.
The price WAS $3.50 per head Spray
Courier.
The Heppner school board consisting
OF Frank Gillian, +. NJ. Shut and J.
N. Hager, directors and J. J. Roberts,
clerk, held meeting Saturday All Of
the former teachers were re emp Dyed
az follows Prof. d. V. 5. Reid, prn-
cipal, Miss May Bailey, Mrs Kate b.
Sleeves Miss Lenna Reid Miss Grace
Tlllard, Miss McGrew, Mrs. Mollio
Johnson, MlsB Ina 'Trahain.
peared Sunday was hot dav, in fact
was little too hot for starter. The
mercury fingered around the 80 mark in
he shade in the afternoon. The bills
ire beginning to show the effect OF the
un and yellow hue is appearing. The
,round has been full OF moisture all the
eason which has given crops vlgor-
,us growth and during the warm wealth
II " heat is growing very rapidly. Wheat
5 heading ont and cop prospects are
cry encouraging
The following racing horses were
AIKEN 70 Portland this week in charge
( Brick Fortune. They will be raced 6
\ the Oregon and Washington circuit !
urng this season lrate and B. c.
,reen. owned by n ;. Whets one ; ,
henrietta Lightfoot owned by II. X.
ennett; Iieppner and Handsome :
orah. owned by D. Matock Sardo |
nd another horse owned by Frank 9
nttin; Harry Bennett will take a {
ring Of Ben Svaggart's colts from ,
endleton. d. Matlock, II X. Bennett,
nd n. :. Whetstore viii 60 with the .
orses.
Heppner gazette. [volume] (Heppner, Morrow County, Or.) 1892-1912, 1902-06-12

Mrs. Henry Holgate was taken to
Portland, Yesterday morning for med
icsl treatment at St Nincent's hospital
Mrs. d. A. Herren who recently un
derwent a surgical operation Is improv-
ing under the care OF Drs. McSwords &
kstner,
Rev. F. NJ. Garfield, J. J Adk ms and
Walter Gay left Yesterday morning for
Dayton, Wash, to attend the district
conference of the VI. f. church, South,
Heppner gazette. [volume] (Heppner, Morrow County, Or.) 1892-1912, 1902-06-12
TO OUR PATRONS

The hours for irriga,in. viii he from
t TO 5 p. m. Whistle viii blow at % and
:. No water TO he used for irr-EAtlng
except through nozzles or spunklers-
The company has been to ten or twelve
ter in improving the service and eNpecf
TO he abe TO furnish their customers
with good service during the hours Of
irrigation except in case oi accident to
pump. They expect their customers to
observe these rules. ANY one found
wiliully violating them. the company
will not only shut oil the water, hat
NAV refuse to turn it on again tnr ltri-
rlEatIon. II. ]. & ". Go
Heppner gazette. [volume] (Heppner, Morrow County, Or.) 1892-1912, 1902-06-12
BIC Celebration at Lexington

Lexington will celebrate for two DAYS
on July 81 On the Sd there will be
speaking in the afternoon by Rev. II.
l.. Beightol, and in the evening bv Rev.
F. " Garfield both of Heppner. In
the evening there will be a grand dis
play Of fireworks. On the 4th Hon.
Stephen A. Lowell OF Pend eton viii de-
liver the oration. There viii be big
street parade, liberty car, bicycle races,
foot races and amusements for all. The
Lexington Cornet band and select
choir will furnish music. The officers
are as follows President. :. +. Not
SON. Grand Marshal, Andrew Reaney
lst assistant, +. NJ Shut; % assistant,
c. T. Walker; Wee Presidents, ] A.
Woolery lone; Oscar Minor, Heppner :;
!. w. Beckett, Eight Mile; Cyrus
Fuqua, Hardman y, r. McNey, Dry
Fork w. r. McNAbb. Cecil J. l.
Howard, Pine City; Jerry Brosnan
Lena Olin Hodsdon, Alpine; James
Csrtv, Wells Springs. Lexington has
the advantage of having one OF the
finest groves IN the county. A great
many Heppner people will attend the
celebration.
Heppner gazette. [volume] (Heppner, Morrow County, Or.) 1892-1912, 1902-06-12

All Saints Episcopal Church-Si sun
dav after Trinity, June II. Sunday
school l0a. m Morning service with
sermon. a. IN. Evening service with
sermon Sp IN. Friday evening June
IA meeting open air and in the
church. - =. m will hc held. wealth
,r pnrmittlng. for the consideration and
discussion of church matters. All IN
terested are invited.
Ions M.RRf>, VI. A, Assistant.
Heppner gazette. [volume] (Heppner, Morrow County, Or.) 1892-1912, 1902-06-12
BORN

JONES-In this CITY, Sunday morning
June s. 1902, to Mr. and Mrs. l.. +,
Jones, a son.
BEARD To Mr.. and Mrs. Robert
Beard, pound son.
DAWSON-To Mr.. AMI Mrs Percy
Dawson, pound son.
HOWARD - To Mr.. and Mrs. L. NJ.
Howard, 10 pound son.
SPRlNKL ESQ Mr.. and Mrs. Cathey
Sprinkles, 10 pound girl.
Heppner gazette. [volume] (Heppner, Morrow County, Or.) 1892-1912, 1902-06-12

VI. f church, Rev. III. l.. Beightol.
pas'or. Services at II a. IN. and p.
m. Morning subject, "A Difficult Work
Accomplished Evening subject, "A
Bright Star in Dark Night Sunday
school at l0a. m. All are invited.
Heppner gazette. [volume] (Heppner, Morrow County, Or.) 1892-1912, 1902-06-12
HOW ro AVCIr IE1rHLE

\'w is the time {. 3 90 Yourself
snd tsmt.y with trtt 2 Ch.m h,r-
l,in's Collie Chrls-- r.f ns--hTss
Remedy L. = sin f~t certain d be-
needed bef tie -0uw.- over. sui
u procurrl uow may ssv- v"n s. irig o.
town IL t.e night nri 90 s'u- hlsiest
season. Il is sveryW trr- admitted a.
he the most successful u Ore tu nee
'nr children ani siults y '-wils can
stf1rd g. te Siibeut ii t- sale hs
~I.cnm nTns e..
Heppner gazette. [volume] (Heppner, Morrow County, Or.) 1892-1912, 1902-06-12

Catholic Church-Rev. Father Kelly.
Services Sd Sunday in each month al
10 80 a. m.
Heppner gazette. [volume] (Heppner, Morrow County, Or.) 1892-1912, 1902-06-12
To Teachers.

Heppner, Oregon, June :, 1902.
Dear TeacLer:-You will please note
that this school year, 1902, will close
on the Friday before the third Monday
in June. At that time, whether your
term is finished or not, YOU should i'm
mediately hand in to me and to your
District Clerk your Teachers Report
FOR the year ending June Il, 1902. II it
can be avoided DO not delay your re-
po't later than Monday morning. June
le, 1912, as on that date the clerk will
prepare his report and. after submit
ting II to the annual school meeting
vii send it to me to become part Of
the permanent records of this office.
After this You viii again enroll all the
children attending school in your -
trict. See X" original registration
in key 10 Entries" in the front part o.
y.u, rcli~tcr. N.srs t.ulv.
W. sum-.
CO. ~rrt
Heppner gazette. [volume] (Heppner, Morrow County, Or.) 1892-1912, 1902-06-12
Eczema

How II reddens the skin, itChes. ooEes.
dries and scslesl
Some people call II letter, milk crust or
salt rheum.
The suffering from Il Is sometimes In
tense; local applications are resorted to
they mitigate, hut cannot cure.
II proceeds from humors Inherited OF ac-
quircd and persists until these have been
NHn1
Heppner gazette. [volume] (Heppner, Morrow County, Or.) 1892-1912, 1902-06-12

c.I at th, Gas,ti. of'l,, ana learn a-
uar ,lHrr.ns uH,1 Nth ia, Week. ore
Eurtn
Heppner gazette. [volume] (Heppner, Morrow County, Or.) 1892-1912, 1902-06-12
HRPPNER CHURCHES

Episcopal church-kev. W. f. Pot
wine
Heppner gazette. [volume] (Heppner, Morrow County, Or.) 1892-1912, 1902-06-12
CITY COUNCIL.

Owing to the fact that the time for
the regular meeting Of the city council
came on election day. the meeting was
postponed and d special session was
held .ast Monday at the council cham
Der,
Petitions OF McAtee & Swaggart.
ChH- B3rchers and Matock Bros for
renewal Of liquor licenses, granted.
Petition asking that hydrant be placed
on church street, referred to committee
on streets and public property.
Petition praying that council put in
sewers in the city, referred same az
above.
The marshal was instructed to open
the street at Abrahamsick x Whorry's
corner.
\. VI. Slocum WAS awarded a contract
for lumber at SIS per thousand.
TITO foll,uipo billa uara ,,oi}
Heppner gazette. [volume] (Heppner, Morrow County, Or.) 1892-1912, 1902-06-12
Hoods Cdrs0pdriLid

positively removes them, has radically
and permanently cured the worst cases. and
is without an equal for all cnianeons
eruptions.
BooI's rus arc the beet c.ihsI,c. Price ssc.nt'
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1902-12-26
LEGISLATIVE AND SENATORIAL
NEWS,

The election OF United States SEN
ator adds unusual interest to the forth
coming legislative session The Bis
malck Tribune will not only cover the
regular routine business OF the uwo
houses, but its lobby gossip" viii deal
with every feature OF the senatorial
contest in an unpreiudiced and u1-
biasedsmanner. In fact it VIII be the
aim of the Tribune to deal fairly with
every interest and every meass--n
short the Bismarck Tribune will Fsue
lish the news and the news IS what the
people want. The Daily edition will
be sent to any address for the session
70. 81; Weekly % cents-remit now Or
later on as the condition of the purse
and mind may suggest. "
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1902-12-26

While the efforts of the new Settler
management are fairly successful i'll
outdoing the Palladium in misrepre-
sensations and unreliability it is
doubtful if that sort Of journalism will
win in the long run. The Settler
could pay Geo. NJ. Register, the new
states attorney-elects a compliment
without coupling it with unjust insinu-
atoms regarding other people. 1t
says that with Register as states attor-
ney the Settler will not be dumped
into the river, to the great delight of
the Tribune crowd" The Tribune has
taken occasion heretofore to call at
tention to the fact that the Tribune de-
nounced that cowardly act at the time
and has always been outspoken about
the matter. In view of the newly ac-
quired friends of the Settler-or rather
the return. of some old friends-it
would be well for the new management
not to dig too far into that newspaper
bath and 'Moffet shooting" episode
lest it discover in the newly made
friends, Or returned prodigals, the real
perpetrators of the crime.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1902-12-26

You will please take notice that the
summons and complaint in the above
entitled action was filed In the office of
the clerk OF the district court in and
for Burleigh county and state of North
Dakota OF the 18th day OF December, As.
d. 1902.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1902-12-26
TWO SECRETS.
KheH Hzd Els From HIS wife, and
She Cherished Her Own.

DE Haa Els From His wife, and
She Cherished Her Own.
How business, Eben?
The old man wa washing at the sink
after his days work.
"Fine, Marthy; fine!!"
"sDoes the store look just the same,
with the red geranium in the window?
Land, how I'd like to see it with the
sun shining in! How does it look, Eb-
en?'
Eben did not answer for a moment.
When he did, his voice shook a bit.
''The stores never been the same
since you left, Marthy."
A faint little flush came into Martha's
withered cheek. Is a wife ever too old
to be moved by her husbands fattery?
For years Eben and Martha had kept
a tiny notion store; then Martha fell
sick and was taken to the hospital.
That was months ago. She was out
now, but she would never be strong
again-never be partner in their happy
little trade again.
81 can't get over a hankering for a
sight of the %store,'' thought Martha one
forenoon. eff / take it real careful, I
car get down there. 'Tisn't so far.
Eben III scold, but he'll be tickled most
to DEATH"
It took a long time for her to drag
herself downtown, but at last she stood
at the head of the little street where
the store was. All Of a sudden she
c{prpp5 --E A hon n ~ ~, %5n r,oY,o o,&
stood Eben. A tray hung from his
neck, on which were arranged a few
cards of collar studs, some papers Of
pins and shoelaces. Two or three hold
ers were in his shaking old hand, and
as he stood he called his wares.
Martha clutched at the wall of the
building. She looked over the way at
the little store. Its windows We're filed
with fruit, and an Italian name fut-
tered on the awning. Then Martha un-
derstood. The store had gone to pay
her expenses. She turned and hurried
away as fast as her trembling limbs
would take her.
1T will hurt him 70 to have me find
out" she thought, and the tears trio.
kled down her face.
Hes kept a secret from me, and FL
keep one from him" she said to her.
self. "He shan't know that / know"
That night when Eben came in, chill
ed and weary, Martha asked cheerful
ly the old question:
"HoW's business"
Better N ever, Marthy," answered
Eben.-Youth's Companion.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1902-12-26
The Bismarek Tribnnf.
By NJ. II. JEWELL.
THE DAILY

lI1C D-t4A4 =. H.#
Published every afternoon. except Sun
day, at Bismarck, Moth Dakota. Is deliv-
cred by carrier to al parts of the city at
50 cents per month, or Sc per year. The
daily sent to any address in the United
States and Canada, postage prepaid, Sc
ger year; So for six months; S1.50 for
three months. Ill.,
THE WEEKLY TRIBUNE.
Published every Friday; eight pages,
containing a summary Of the news OF the
week-local and foreign-pa-dcular atten-
ton being paid to state news. Sent to
any address. postage paid, for S1.0o for
one year; so cents for six months; % cents
Tor three months.
The Bismarck Tribune Is the Oldest
newspaper in the state-established June
Ii, 1873. It has a wide circulation n is
. desirable advertising medium. Being
published at the capital OF the state 1t
makes a feature of state news, of a semi
official character, and is therefore particu-
larry interesting to all who desire to keep
the run of state affairs-political, social
gnd business. @
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1902-12-26

Old timers are recalled blythe follow
ing from the jamestown Alert's twenty
Years ago column: Bismarck had
been having a frenzied land boom for
over six months and over 100000 had
changed hands as a result of the craze
at the capital city. At a sale held
Dec. IS, a quarter section owned by
Mckenzie and Patten was put on the
market and 100000 worth of lots dis
posed of in one day.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1902-12-26

The republican Representatives from
Pembina, Walsh and Cavalier counties
met in aucus at Grafton and agreed to
support Senator Hansbrough for re-
election and Thos. Baker, jr. for
speaker. Senator LaMoure was pres
emit and active in the interests Of tie
two candidates and Senator Hans
brol1gh was an interested and gIatifed
observer of the proceedings.
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1902-12-26

monument will be in the sorrow Of his
friends, and the wholesome remem-
brance of his earnest endeavor and ups
right life. Death is not to be reasoned
with, and neither by logic o persua-
sion is the destroyer to be frightened
OF his prey. Life is today, death to-
morrow-and after-while-who shall
say what lies there?
Bismarck daily tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1881-1916, 1902-12-26
Good Detective Work.

a Paris detective recently concealed
himself in an empty wine barrel at
night to find some explanation OF the
frequent thefts of wine from the stores
at Bercy. AS he expected, the thieves
took him off, in his barrel, with 9th
ers holding their proper contents, to
their headquarters, a disused factory,
and so enabled him to get all the in
formation he wanted and to secure the
arrest of the four thieves.