davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1902-06-21

The seedlings will appear in from
fourteen to twenty days. For later
plants the seeds should be sown in the
open ground. In about five weeks from
the time the seed is sown the seedlings
will be ready to transplant. After the
celery has been transplanted and has
attained fair size cultivation between
the rows should begin. This should be
shallow, with the idea Of leaving the
roots of the plant undisturbed..
Among the insect enemies will be
found the celery-leaf tyer, illustrated
mere. 1t eats the leaves and also spins
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1902-06-21
Agriculture in Porto Rico.


Under the fostering care of the
united States government agriculture
IN Porto Rico is advancing rapidly. 1t
IS estimated that the sugar crop for
thls year will amount to $4,000 TONS
railroads are being constructed, open
Ing up new territories, and as conse-
quence it is believed that next year
the sugar crop will exceed 100, 900 tons.
Previous to this time the largest sugar
crop ever produced was in 1889, when
1oo'oOO tons was manufactured. Then
came decline. Now the sugar indus
try IS on the flood wave, and it is ex-
pected that by 1904 the amount pro-
duced will exceed 100000 tons. Ameri-
can capitalists have sent over mining
experts, and much good work has been
ALREADY done. Iron mines have been
1ound near the coast. Copper, gold
and Ignite have also been discovered
Experiments with cotton have been be.
gun, and the plantations are Yielding
a hlgh quality of cotton. The growth
is extremely rapid. Tobacco growing
is developing rapidly. Last year the
yield was 100000 pounds; this year it
will be 100000; and it is believed
confidently that in 1903 the crop will
amount to 100000 pounds. Prices
are now very favorable. Last year the
crop sold at to 6 cents pound; this
year 1t is selling at Is to 20 cents a
pound and will probably reach Is cents
per pound before the end of the season
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1902-06-21
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Rape for Early Spring Feed.

Each seasons results at the Okla.
homa Experiment Station give further
evidence of the value of the rape plant
as source of green feed in this coun,
try. Not only has it proven most de-.
slrable spring and fall pasture crop,
put crop that will furnish a large
quantity OF green feed during such a
drouthy summer as that of 1901. The
plant lived through the mild winter of
10000 but the zero weather of the
past winter killed all the plants.
The rape plant will be one of the
first plants available for feed in the
spring and large area should be put
out, as feed is scarce and high priced,
The value of the plant lies in the fact
mat 1t will furnish large amount Of
green feed in a short period from the
time OF planting. The plant resembles
the cabbage in texture and color but
the growth is erect and two to three
feet tall. Good rich soil is necessary
1or large growth and should be put
IN hne filth before seeding. The plant
is proof against frost and may he
seeded the last of February or early
March in Oklahoma.
Broadcasting will do for temporary
patches but if the crop is wanted to
last through the summer it should he
III drills and cultivated. Do not pas
ture too close if continuous growth is
desired. For broadcasting use three
or tour pounds per acre. In drills one
TO one and one half pounds will be re.
CURED. Prof. Thomas Shaw says that
ten sheep may be fattened on one acre
OF rape in Minnesota. Twenty three
tons OF green feed per acre have been
taken Oft at the first cutting at this
NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS. Station.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1902-06-21
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Prospects for Fruit.


Georgia peach prospects are bright.
Late frosts did not seriously injure
fruit in Alabama, and the outlook is
very favorable except for pears. Straw
berries are ripening in southern coun-
ties.
Cool, wet weather and frosts checked
the growth of vegetation in North Car
DINA the first week in April, but the
consensus of opinion is that fruit es-
capped without serious injury.
Prof. N. E. Hansen, South Dakota:
Prospects are very good for fruit this
year. In the southern part of the
state cherry buds are reported injured
by the cold snap last December.
Prof. E. S. Golf, University of Wis
consin: The prospects for fruit are
only fair this season. The past very
hot and dry season was not favorable.
Only portion of the apple trees in our
orchard (less than half) formed any
flower buds last season.
Michigan reports indicate that ten
der varieties of peaches were consider
ably injured in the southwestern part
OF the state by the severe weather of
last December, otherwise the outlook is
encouraging. The prospects for an
average crop of the various fruits are
indicated by the following estimates
made by the Michigan secretary Of
state: Apples, "a; pears, 81; peaches,
G2; plums, IS; cherries, Sc; small
fruits, IS.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1902-06-21
The Good Dairy Cow.

Professor T. L. Hacker says: AL
ways avoid the cow that has a tendency
to lay on fat if you want cheap milk
production. I am going to tell you
how to know a good COW. It's simple
matter. One or two signs tell good
cow as well as twenty. In poor COW
the thigh runs down straight, SO there
is no space between the thigh and I'D
der, on one side, and the tail on the
other. There should be plenty of day
light between the udder and the tail.
One of the best ways to tell what kind
OF COW you have is by her tempera-
ment. A good dairy type has a sharp
spine, strongly developed nervous sys-
TEN and sharp hip bones A good COW
has large and powerful digestive sys-
tenn to use her food quickly and make
The best returns for it.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1902-06-21
The Roys Go Back to tho farm

The Roys Go Back to tho Farm.
A report from Indiana saws that of
the total number of men registered
this year in the agricultural college of
that state not more than 10 per cent
are willing or care to accept salaried
positions. The remainder are prepar.
ing for work on their own farms.
There is demand for men trained along
agricultural lines, and it cannot now
be supplied. Contrary to the general
Impression a very large proportion OF
the students in our agricultural COL
leges go back to the farms when they
have completed their courses. The
Ohio Agricultural College about a
year ago, undertook to find out how
many Of the agricultural students
leaving the college went back to the
farm. The proportion was found to he
very large. A considerable number
Of agricultural students naturally dron
into the work of teaching. For this
opportunities are constantly openinp
The young man that becomes thor.
Dughly imbued with enthusiasm con.
corning agriculture gravitates back IN
the farm. and it takes very high wages
to hold him in any other position. ;
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1902-06-21
Range Notes.

April reports from Oregon indicate
that grass is making a steady growth
and that pasturage in the western sec.
ton is in good condition. IL the east.
ern section it is not so good, cold
weather having retarded growth. and
as result feed is short on the ranges
Range cattle came through the win.
ter in fair condition and as soon as
pasturage is good will take on fat
When April opened Landing was we'll
along and there were no reports of I'M,
usual loss.
In Idaho, clover and alfalfa have
made start but range grass is grow,
Ing slowly. Sheep and cattle have
been on the summer range for severa!
weeks, however. The shearing of sheep
is progressing rapidly and satisfactor.
lily. Live stock are in fair to good
condition.
According to Weather Bureau cor,
respondents, March was cold, windy
dry month in New Mexico, especially
in Mora and San Miguel counties and
vicinity, where there was some loss In
cattle on account of drouth, but as a
rule both cattle and sheep are in fai,
condition. The ranges are getting very
dry and outside water holes are xdry
ing up.
Hay$ng has begun in California.
Owing to cold weather and lack oil
rain the Arizona season is two to three
weeks later than usual. Ranges are
in poor condition in many localities
and live stock show the need of better
pasturage and water supplies.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1902-06-21
The PaIsnip as Stock Feed.

IN feeding cattle, the pa7snip is
found to be equal, if not superior, to
the carrot, performing the business
with as much expedition, and afford
ing meat of exquisite flavor and a
highly juicy quality. The animals eat
1t with much greediness. 1t is reck-
oned that 80 perches, where the crop
is good, will be sufficient to fatten an
OK three or four years old, when per-
tectly lean, in the course of three
months. They are given in the pro-
portion of about 30-lb weight morn
ing, noon and night, the large ones
being split in three or four pieces and
little hay supplied in the intervals
OF those periods. And when given to
milk COWS with little grass hay. in
the winter season, the butter is found
to be OF as fine color and excellent
flavor as when feeding in. the hest
pastures. Indeed, the result Of ex-
pertinent has shown that not onlv in
meat cattle, but in the fattening of
pigs and poultry, the animals become
tat much sooner, and are more healthy
than when fed with any other root or
vegetable; and that, besides, the meat
is more sweet and delicious. The
parsnip leaves, being more bulky than
those of carrots, may be mown .off
before taking up the roots, and given
to COWS, oxen, or horses by whom thew
will be greedily eaten.-SteDhens,
Book of the Farm
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1902-06-21
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Worms in TURKEYS.

From Farmers Review: ReferrinA
to your letter of April 7 and the in.
closed proof concerning worms in tur.
Keys, which represents a letter from
MIR. l.. l.. Phelps, I would state that it
is not clear to me from this letter what
particular worms are present. The
treatment which should be used would
vary according to the kind OF worms
with which Mr.. Phelps has to deal. If
ne Will forward me some of the para
SITES l will endeavor to give him some
Information upon the subject. His two
questions can, however, be answered
without waiting for that information
L. There is no powder of any kind
which can be relied upon as a pre-
ventlve against worms in turkeys
Measures should be adopted if possible
10 destroy the stage of the worm out.
side OF the turkey. Whether such
measures are practicable or not will
depend upon the particular conditions
at hand. If the turkeys are kept in
yards the surface of the ground may be
burned with an oil spray, or by spread
ing some straw or other material over
II and setting fire to it. This will
greatly reduce the amount of infec
ton. IT, on the other hand, the tur
keys roam over large fields and it is
not practicable to burn these fields,
see little that can be done to prevent
infection. 1t would be possible, how
ever, to treat the turkeys occasionally
and thus expel many or all of the
worms. II roundWorms are present
should be inclined to try thymol. This
IS one of the best drugs known in
cases of infection with roundworms
The dose has not been established for
turkeys, SO far as I am aware, but it is
reported that in chickens a one-grain
dose causes the rapid expulsion Of the
parasites. If the parasites in question
are tapeWorms instead of roundworms:
areca nut is probably as good as any
thing that can be used. This drug
has the advantage also of expelling
some of the roundworms as well as the
tapeworms.
T. 1 have never heard that areca
nut stunts the growth of animals,-D.
b. Salmon, Chief of Bureau of Animal
industry, Washington, D. c..
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1902-06-21
~Ite celery leaf tyer (Ph!yctanio ,gbiqqIsse

a web and ties the leaves together
The insect is widely distributed. Hand
picking is effectual on small scale.
II they become very numerous open
lamps may be placed in the field at
night to attract the moths. Perhaps
the most harmful of celery pests is the
celery caterpillar. 1t is large in size,
yellow in color and has black trans
verse bands. The zebra caterpillar also
attacks celery. Hand picking is the
remedy for both these insects.
The furnished plant bug, which we
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1902-06-21
1E?EEz:c -
Maintenance Ration for Horses.

Maintenance Ration for Horses.
AT the University of Wyoming ex-
perlments were made to determine the
amount of alfalfa hay and straw re-
CURED to feed farm horses while at
rest Two horses were kept in the
barn and fed daily all the hay and
straw they would take. One horse,
named Ben, ate 1892 pounds of hay
per 1000 pounds of live weight. The
| other horse, Doc, ate 1858 pounds of
nay per 1000 pounds of live weight.
Inc average for both horses was 1913
pounds OF alfalfa hay per day per 1000
! pounds of live weight. Another test
was made.
! Inc horses ate straw very regular
~ during the feeding trials and it
seems That they needed more carbo-
! nyurares than alfalfa hay furnishes
'or maintenance diet where the ra-
70 OF carbohydrates should be not
Lar from to to 1 of protein, while
tne rat1o IN alfalfa hay is little more
| 'nan to 1. Ben and Doc were &C
cord1ngly put in the stable and fed
alfalfa nay morning and evening and
were given an ad ibi.um feed Of
straw during the day.
We take twelve days of this feed
ing with alfalfa hay and oat straw,
since from the effect of the season
me grain did not fill we'll, hence,
DOUBTLESS, more of the material gath
ered to ill the kernel must have been
leIt IN the straw. Ben ate 14.6S pounds
OF nay and 2.23 pounds of straw per
| l'ooo pounds of live weight and gained
IT pounds in weight during the twelve
oays: During this period, Doc ate
lz'So pounds of alfalfa hay and 22a
pounds of oat straw per 1000 pounds OF
i've weight. The average for the two
was 1916 pounds of hay and 2.25
pounds of straw per 1000 pounds OF
i've weight, or, we may put it, 1874
pounds hay and 2A pounds of straw.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1902-06-21
Experiences in Lis ting.

From Farmers Review: Will some
reader of The Farmers Review that
has practiced listing corn tell me about
the process? Is there any advantage
in listing in Illinois? Is it most com.
mon to merely list the fields without
blowing, or is it better to pillow first?
For myself, do not yet see that there
is any advantage in this process in the
states near the great lakes. 1t seems
to me that it is a method that does not
make possible the thorough prepara-
ton of the ground, and / have come to
believe that a perfect seed bed counts
for great deal in raising corn. The
system is all right for states like Kan
sas and Nebraska, where high winds
DO so much damage by blowing the
SOIL. However, am willing to be con.
vinced.-J. Prescott, Du Page County.
Illinois, &
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1902-06-21
Peach Curl Leaf.

In regard to the question Are peach
orchards being sprayed for curl-leaf?'
ia correspondents answer "yes'' and
2o4 no. 1t is to be hoped that spray
ing will become more general each
year, since it has been demonstrated
time and again that it is very proflta-
bic work, and also that good fruit can
not be grown without it. Correspond
ents generally agree that it is too early
to tell definitely about the fruit crop.
Fred NJ. Warner, Secretary of State,
Michigan.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1902-06-21
Dairy Briefs.

Massachusetts has passed and is en-
forcing a law relative to the inspection
of glassware used in testing milk.
The law covers the testing of pipettes
and bottles for use in the Babcock test,
the examination of candidates for pro-
ficiency in operating the test and the
inspection of Babcock testing ma
chimes. Already some 5000 pieces of
glassware Of the kind mentioned have
been examined. In one large order
from supply house 149 pieces were
found inaccurate and were rejected.
Some of the applicants for certificates
as testers that were examined were
found to be unreliable, and number
of machines also were rejected. The
law was needed.
The New Workers have been having
trouble with their anti~color law. Aft
er having secured many convictions
under it, four justices Of the appellate
court decided that oleomargarine,
though colored to represent butter,
could be sold in the open market if it
were only sold as oleo and not as but
ter. The agricultural department of
the state at once went to the legisla-
ture with the matter and got bill
passed through both houses on the last
day of the session. The law now pro-
vides that colored oleo may not be sold
even when sold for ITSELF The men in
New York that are in favor of honest
butter feel that they have had a mar
row escape from complete reversal of
the policy that has protected them for
the last several years.
The Royal Veterinary Institute of
Denmark has taken up the investiga-
ton of tuberculosis in it's dual rela-
tions to animals and men. AS a result
the institute has issued an appeal to
dairymen urging them not to pin their
faith to the opinions Of Koch. The ex-
periments have been conducted under
the direction of Prof. Svensson. The
appeal declares that Prof. Koch is
wrong in his contention that human
tuberculosis cannot be transmitted to
animals. The institute processes to
have demonstrated that animals con-
tract the disease from people, and ap-
peals to dairymen not to employ con-
sumptives to attend their cows. The
experiences in Denmark evidently cor
respond to those in the United States.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1902-06-21
Poultry Points.

In the main poultry house the lady
had her bone grinder, and a half BUSH
ell of ground bone was ready for the
fowls. 1t is one OF the most important
factors of that establishment. Mrs.
Brown grew eloquent as she told what
the bone grinder would do. At regu-
lar intervals 100 pounds of bones are
brought home from the butchers.
THESE bones include the ribs. The
butchers do not stop to cut out the
meat from between the ribs, and Mrs,
Brown says that sometimes she is able
to get off as high as fifty pounds of
meat from $50 pounds of bones. This
meat is fed to hens and chicks. The
lady expressed her surprise that any
person should try to keep poultry
without purchasing bone grinder.
y
Women seem to be particularly
adapted to the poultry business. This
is doubtless due to the fact that "house-
keeping" is very big part of poultry
raising. 1t is second nature for a
woman poultry raiser to keep the poul-
try house clean-and more than that
to keep it tidy and bright. Recently
the writer had the pleasure of visiting
the poultry establishment of Mrs. Alice
Brown OF Winnetka, III. This lady is
both thinker and a worker. She has
brooder house that, we believe, might
serve as model. Moreover, it is the
creation largely of her own brain. It
is about as sunny and bright inside as
it is out OF doors on a fine day, In ad.
dition to $50 active, healthy chicks re-
Gently Matched the brooder house con-
!. tanned several hundreds OF Towering
plants. The temp rature that is good
for growing chicks Is also good for
flowers. ii. 5t.s 9 u. Il .
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1902-06-21
OF HORSES FROM THE
UNITED STATES

IL is thus seen that the extraordi-
narlly heavy exports of horses from
the United States in 1901, amounting
as they did to S2,250 head, were due
primarily to shipments of 37,465 head
TO South Africa-a larger number of
horses, with one exception, than had
ever been consigned up to that time
TO any cingle destination in the his
tory OF our country. If this factor.
however, be entirely eliminated from
the trade there is still apparent a re-
narkaole and almost steadily increas-
ing demand in both North American
and European countries for horses
bred and reared in the United States.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1902-06-21

Prof c. Wheeler, consulting hot
anist Michigan Experiment Station:
It is impossible to maintain a bank
having a slope of so degrees by plant
'ng either willows or. grasses. Ma
lures slope is As degrees, and man
cannot plant 60-degree slope and ~
pect to have it. permanent. Canadian
blue grass (Poa compressa) and the
'iyer-bank willow (silex. longifolia)
will be best to plant. Sow seed Of the
srass and stick rows of the willow
outings Y taken now before the buds
tart and get best ras,lltaL - 4
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1902-06-21
62 r.
{AlGRICULTURE)
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Celery Growing.

Celery Growing.
For the early crop of celery the seeds
may be started in wooden trays about
three inches deep, two feet long and
foot and third wide. Have plenty or
small holes in the bottom for drainage.
Fill with sifted soil and smooth OF.
Then SOW the seeds either broadcast or
in holes in the soil. We show in the
accompanying illustration fiat or
tray for early sowing or for transplant
ing, with marker for making holes in
soil, into which the seedlings are set.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1902-06-21
Our Exports Of Horses.

A publication of the Department OF
Agriculture says: A comprehensive
1oea OF the recent development of the
united States export trade in horses
may probably be obtained from the
following statement which gives sep
arately the exports to Europe, tc
NORTH American countries and out
lylng islands, to South Africa, and
W all other countries combined from
1894 to 1901:
EXPORTS OF HORSES FROM THE
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1902-06-21
Grasses as Soil Binders.

Prof. W. A. Henry, director Wiscon-
sin Experiment Station: The best
plant to bind the soil together is quack
grass. But dare you use it? Next to
quack grass l should try Kentucky
blue grass and Bromus inermis White
clover should also prove helpful OF
course if the soil slides badly you must
get in willows, the, roots of which will
so much deeper and hold the soil a
great deal better than will any kind
OF grass, which at best only helps for
the surface six inches. Willow cut
tings, stuck where needed, should grow
without trouble.
At one Of the suburbs north of Chi
cago there is a steep bank that for
years has made a good deal Of trouble
by its tendency to slide down against
the village water works. It has be-
come a serious matter to the village
authorities and a number Of devices
have been tried for holding back the
bank. The bank is about ninety feet
high and has slope of perhaps so de-
grees. The opinion of the Farmers
review was requested as to the best
grasses to be used for binding the sur
face soil. The inquiry was passed on
to experts at the experiment stations,
and the following replies received.
We publish them for the benefit of our
farm readers, who frequently have a
similar question to face.
Prof. Carleton R. Ball, acting agro-
stologist, department of agriculture
Washington, D. c.: For holding a
bank 80 feet high and with a slope OF
80 degrees, the grass best adapted is
undoubtedly Bermuda grass. BY means
of it's strong and closely creeping root
stocks it will hold bank of that char
acter almost perfectly unless the
ground is exceedingly loose. It is of
beautiful color during the summer
months, but unfortunately is killed
above the surface of the ground bv
frost and is therefore not green DUR
ing the winter and not until late in
the spring. The creeping rootstocks,
however, hold the soil practically as
we'll when the foliage is dead as when
it is living and growing and this fact
would not affect it's utility. There are
Of course other grasses that could ha
used, as luack grass or couch grass,
and, to less degree, Canada blue
grass. Neither of these would spread
as rapidly or make as firm q turf as
the Bermuda grass. -.