davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Tucson citizen., 1902-03-10
Lord M6thu6O GdDtur-
cd bv Gen. D6IdreU
COMMAND BERTEN
The British Killed, Wounded
and Missing Reach GOOdIu
Numbers British Ban,
gage Captured Also.

-ONDON, March 10.-General Lord
3lethuen and four guns have been can.
fured by the Boer General. Delarey.
General Methucn WAS wounded IL the
t1sgh.
Three British officers and thirty
ue were killed and five British otfl-
eers and seventy-two men wounded.
one British officer and two hundred
ual missing.
The fight III which General Methuen
wa8 captured occurred before dawn on
March Z, between Olinberg and lAch-
teG5 berg in the Orange River Colony
he British force numbered 200
men. The noers captured all the Rri-
}~c baggage.
General Methuen is retained as
prisoner.
This Is not the first time that Lord
Me!huen has met with disaster at the
hands of the Beers. He IL what is
Eaf wn here as a society genera He
Is 3 gnardsman, and one of the lead
er- OF the London samrt set.
lie was sent TO Africa when II was
iaa ight that the campaign against the
Boers would be something in the ma
t4re OF a picnic or pleasant outing.
lie was in command of the British
{o. cs that was defeated by the Beers
u me first general engagement of the
war. He was also under Butler at Mod
der River and Spionkop
here We're lound demands for the re-
caU OF MethGel ait er his first disaGtar
bur his social influence vas powerful,
eucngh TO Keep him in the field until
be got an opportunity to retrieve
himself.
There is intense indignation here in
cpnsequence of this last disaster. and
IL $ regarded as a sharp reminder that
The Tucson citizen., 1902-03-10
gTsaeIyIsrsTslIe[ FeIsleFs

n u UINVaEtIIt UktkFu AIEtUt EtA1 ISUIH
kl; :hener says: "Methnen was moving
IN nine hundred mounted men un-
dor Major Paris and three hundred in
fan;ry and four guns and a pompom
and was TO have met Greenfell with
thlyteen hundred mounted men at
Royieriansfontain, on March s.
The Beers attacked early In the
morning, charging from three sides.
Before reinforcements could reach
them the rear guard broke.
Ia the meantime large number OF
Beers galloped up on both TANKS.
Taese were at first checked by the
flank parties but panic took place and
New Ulm review. (New Ulm, Brown County, Minn.) 1892-1961, 1902-04-23
y Happening 8 of the yvee
clipped from our exchanf ~
d and - report "a - o.
Il special corresponden emit 81


by Mrs. Meme Of New Tim departed On
! three months sn.jj ourn Tuesday sftel-
noon. Mrs. Ere dricks son vi q travel most.
II il Denmark with friends aud relatives
while Mrs. Meme win make 8 general
tour Of Europe The depart over tho
Hamburg American Linz.
The new hardWare store Of r. H.
Bingham ID now completed and the AZ
ture for the building have ~ been pllacs
ed. Fixtures consisting Of glass CASES
wall cases otc, are the finest that We have
seen il this city Thsa bull ding i:self i
q two story brick structure with elevotor
tachments that vii enable heavy o.
ticles 70 Be removed from one floor u
the other. q large tin shop u attached
to the back Of the buil ding. They haye
already begun moving and viii % ready
for business 81 their new bull ding ~ the
first Of the week.
New Ulm review. (New Ulm, Brown County, Minn.) 1892-1961, 1902-04-23
Al q q.

Especial Corresp # #
The Fire department has elected Of
ficers for the year assfo llows: Nels Stem
son Pres, g Gag Sec Olsen
Treas.
The band is pecnlating 81 nav uni
forms which would add mnch to- the
appearance Of the boys
chas. Liinnqu iist il laid u with asors
foot.
r. Lindstrom got the contract 10
build Aug. Olsen new house.
q. Wild of AIRING ION Was here gon
business last week Wednesday
1oblirsch and family took 4 drive
out into the ountr Monda
Bessie and Hannah olson ylsitsd with
winthrop friend on Saturday "
There haaI been ca of game 81 bs,e
ball bstween tho fats md the leans 81
this place which would 81 quite "a H. ~
New Ulm review. (New Ulm, Brown County, Minn.) 1892-1961, 1902-04-23
SLEEPY | :.

+ from the Herald I'll; 3f#
Manager Christensen inf orms us that
the contracts for remod cling the Opera
House have been let and that work will
be started june first:
The organist for tho new Catholic
Church has sarrived and taken Immediate
charge Of the choir Of forty voices which
il Ell ecte,dl TOT sing At the dedication 81
the new church. 5s'
Arthur Kinman, formerly stenograph-
er for Somerville and Olsen OF this
place, passed through here On Monday
enronte for w eaton, inn. Kin
man viii be emplo yed 81 : stenog rspher
~ large law ofdce.
Mrs. Jens friedrich sonI acco mpanied
New Ulm review. (New Ulm, Brown County, Minn.) 1892-1961, 1902-04-23
g.sz!f = is.sEl sgs5.i'.lt
COMEREY.

from the Nmes.I 4. 49,. b "a ::Szs@ #-7sss5s
Joseph Hettler and Albert ohnson re-
turned from Dotson Saturday, where they
had been at work on a residence and
office for Mr.. Jaros, agent for the Queal
Lumber Go. at that place. s@a ..ES5s
w. Renner returned from trip to
Madelia and Sleepy Eye Monday, He
informs the Times that the company he
is agent for, The Southern Minnesota
Valley Land Company, will conduct an
excursion of Illinois land buyers to Com
frey in the near future. Il h. s. =
CA. Pfeifer Of Tracy, auditor Of the
Minnesota Elevator Company, was in
town last Saturday for the purpose Of
checking up the business transacted By
their elevator here, in charge of Frank
W. Blackburn, the past year. This com.
pany, as we'll as Bingham Bros, has
shipped out all their stored grain.
Clearance Cady and Geo. Messenger
took possession OF Herman Altermatt's
saloon Monday and the business will be
conducted under the firm name of Cady
6 Messenger Mr.. Cady will move his
family to this place as soon be can find
suitable accommodations. He has sm-,
ployed Joe Fisher TO assist in waiting on
the trade. 81, II. ss
The Maccabee boys rendered Nessrs..
Henry Curri.r and Emil Bjork fare
well banquet last Thursday evening af-s
ter the regular session Of tho lodge.
While the spread was not in regular
Delmonico style, it was none the less
heartily enjoyed by all. For the past
two years, Mr.. Currier has been the ef-s
fcient commander Of the lodge. Both
boys are enthusiastic Maccabees and their,
absence from the lodge, occasioned by.
their removal to North Dakota, is q
matter Of much regrstato the members.
New Ulm review. (New Ulm, Brown County, Minn.) 1892-1961, 1902-04-23
IeigIlboII / r'l ! |!
2.
SPRINGFIELD.


from thesAdvance.1
John w. Elliott writes 10 from Nation
al Military Home, Ohio, that he expecta
to return west this week M. Elliott
has been spending the winterin Ohio.
The rickyard Is NOV turning oni
brick asBfast g, large crew Of men and
improved machinery can 40 il. The
third day after they started up was 1 re-
cord breaker, n, O40 brick being manu-
featured.
Mr.. and Mrs. Oscar Erickson arrived
home on the III ). "a. train Wednesday
from Hot Springs, Ark, whore they have
been spending the winter. They report
= pleasant sojouln il the South, but are
glad to be home again. VI
Adolph Frede rickson's little daughter
Murlel, who was operated on at. the hospi.
tai BY Dr.. Kohler for eye trouble, i
much improved as . result, and it j,
y @ g+'S y 49, f. ~ q = 4
thought her eyesight will be wholly re.
stored to normal condition.
Ferdinand Bigot1 informs !, Us that b
bought IS head Of steers Of Christ
Fredericksonof Brook yille, which weigh.
ed 22,645 lbs, and for which Mr.. Frede.
rickson received $3.50 go. The steers
were exceptionally fine ones, being short.
horn grades which Mr.. Fred rickson had
fed: for five months. He is feeding
so steers in all. The results show d
fine profit, and more farmers would do
we'll to practice feeding stock till in fine
shape to turn off for beef. .35
New Ulm review. (New Ulm, Brown County, Minn.) 1892-1961, 1902-04-23
SAVED MANY al 4 TINE. !

Don't neglect coughs and colds even
if it isspring. Such cases often result
seriously at this season just because
people are careless. q dose Of One
Minute Cough Cure will remove Ill
danger. Abso lutely safe. Aets at once.
Sure cure for coughs, colds, Group,
grip, bronchitis. and other throat and
lung trout SO have used One Minute
Cough Cure several years, z says Pest
master Q. Q. Dawson, Barr, ll. & is
the very best cough medicine on the
mark ct. e has saved me many q severe
spell Of sickness and I warml recomend
it, The childrea's faYorlte. Eugene
Pfeferle.
New Ulm review. (New Ulm, Brown County, Minn.) 1892-1961, 1902-04-23
EsSlG AND MILFORD.

Especial Correspondence
Mrs. sBacker Of New Ulm who has been.
here helping out her bate elorson G. G..
the past week returned home Saturday..
Mrs. Geo. w stschke and little daugh-
ter Of seafoIth, Mimi, spent Sunday with
her parents here. returning to-. seaforth,
Monday morning.
Mrs. 9. g, Backer who had an oper-
alton performed in New Ulm some weeks
ago returned to her home here last Satur-
day, much improved.
Prairie fires are quite numerous Of
late, caused by sparks from the engines,
account Of the very dry weather We are
having. Some wheat is up but appears
quite thin, and unless rain comes soon,
much Of the crop will be spoiled.
The tin-pan and shotgun band was
heard playing North west Of Essig last
Wednesday eve. and as many Of us have
been served the same way, expect it was
Mr.. John Seibenbrunner who was dancing
to their music. Our best wishes 90 with
the young couple fora long and happy
welded life.
The rattle dance which was held in the
Essig hall last Saturday eve. was largely
attended and q full time was reported BY
all. Mr.. g. Pickle had the lucky number
on the bicycle and Mr.. John seiben-
drummer on the rifle this is one epoch of
good luck for Johnnie as q starter. Isl
Mr.. Christ Spelbrink who recently
moved part Of his family to Louisburg,
Mimi, where he purchased farm this
spring, came down Saturday to spend
Sunday with his wife and little ones,
who will join him At the Louisburg homo
~ soon Is school closes here.
Mrs. A. a. Smith whsJ has besn visit
ing here son and friendsin Essig the past
few days returned home Monday, she
will call on relatives at Austin, on her
way to Winona. 81 n. y.
New Ulm review. (New Ulm, Brown County, Minn.) 1892-1961, 1902-04-23
WANTS Z III HELP OTHlERlR,us5.,S

I'll had stomach trouble all my life 4
says Edw. Mehler, proprietor Of the
Union Bottl1ng ~ orks, Fri, Pa, land
tried all kinds of remedies, went to
several doctors and spent consid erable
money trying toget moments peace,
Finally ] read Of Kodol Dyspepsia Cure
land have been taking IT to my great
satisfaction. ! never found its equal sfer
stomach trouble and gladly recommend
3itin hope that I may hely other sufferers
Kodol ,Dyspepsia Cure cures all stomach
troubles. You don't have TO diet. Kodol
Dyspe psia. Cure digests what you eat.
Eugene P feferle.
New Ulm review. (New Ulm, Brown County, Minn.) 1892-1961, 1902-04-23
NEGLECt.M MEANS DANGER. &

G. Don't neglect billousness and con-
st1pation. Your health will suffer per-
manently if-syou do. DeWitt's Little
Early Risers cure such cases NJ, B. Smith,
Butternut, Mich, says "DeWitt's Little
EARLY Risers are the most satisfactory
pills ever took. Never grippe or cause
nausea" Eugene Pfeferle. D.
New Ulm review. (New Ulm, Brown County, Minn.) 1892-1961, 1902-04-23
= SRe1,rsof.

3 said Willie, what does Il
mean TO saysa man is .one Of natures
noblemen q r |. 5sss
{. One of NATURES noblemen,, my
son, & replied the old gentleman, with q
significant look at his better hall ..is
q man who smiles when he gets some
ridiculous cheap gift for his birthday
and exclaim1: How meet Just whit I
rvantedr 8 Catholic Standard and
Times
New Ulm review. (New Ulm, Brown County, Minn.) 1892-1961, 1902-04-23

70 CURE "a COLD in ONE DAY
Take Laxative sBromo Quinine Tablets.
All drugs lsts refund the money il it
fails to cure. p. W Grove gnature
is on each box Csc. RS
New Ulm review. (New Ulm, Brown County, Minn.) 1892-1961, 1902-04-23


terssting game q
IS ictor Lund bean fed hiss house with
q nes porch.
"a l Olson and Dan Eckblid made {
Tying trip on their wheels g Searles
one day last week. They lsft IN the
morning and returned ia he evening
,IKE DfAIsIEs BEFoRE THE scYl RIM,
Baby lives IRE desfro; FED ii sumner 81
Icholsra i1ifantnm. The attsck of the din.
'ease ii sudden, its progress is sometimes
terribly rapid. Mothers u no have given
their children Perry Davis Painxi.ler
scan tell how this treatnsnt has checked
the 1ialr hoea and vomiting, and put the
little patient ont Of dan ger. as and 5octs.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1902-11-21
ADVERSE REPORT.
Usual Practice Observed in Matter Of
Granting Permits.

The Chesapeake and Potomac Telephone
Company recently applied to the Commits
sioners for a blanket permit covering all
the repairs necessary to be made by the
company to water pipes damaged In the
laying Of underground conduits. The wa
ter registrar has reported unfavorably. He
says that while the house connections are
under the general control of the District
authorities. they are paid for and virtually
owned by the property holders. The regis
trar thinks that a permit to make repairs
upon the pipes which does not carry with it
the consent of the owner would cause fric-
ton between the municipal authorities and
the citizens.
Col. Biddle, the Engineer Commissioners,
says the breaking of the pipes does not
often occur. and 1t seems to be better policy
to carry out the usual practice, as the
company has done heretofore
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1902-11-21

and William Jackson and Drs. John and
William Jackson. all of this city, were in
the bridal party last week at a Georgia
wedding.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1902-11-21
Reply to Complaint.

Complaint was recently made to the Com
missioners by Rev. Clement Brown of 144O
M street northwest of damage alleged to
have been done to the street water boz in
front Of his house during the laying of
cement sidewalk. The Commissioners will
inform the complainant that investigation
by the superintendent of streets disclosed
the fact that the water box was in the tree
space and was not touched or injured while
the work of laying the walk was going on.
The Commissioners believe dlhaa the repair
Of the .cennsction slrould be paid for by
the owner Of the promises.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1902-11-21

Mrs. G. Lloyd Magruder has returned
from Europe having left her daughter at
school in Paris. DR.. and Mrs. Magruder
are at the Farragut.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1902-11-21
DIR. Hancock Cures
CATARRH.

Catarrh of head, nose, throat bronchial tubes,
stomach, liver and bowels, matter how long
standing severe is at relieved and radically
cured by my pathological system of treatment. II
you suffer from difficult breathing coughing, hawk
ing and splitting in the morning, foul breath bad
taste, dry mouth sick stomach, before or after
eating especially in the morning; irregular bowels
sometimes loose sometimes eonstipated. and many
other symptoms too numerous to mention. you
Probably have catarrh OF head. throat and stom-
ach. If your skin is sallow and dry, eyes yellow
tinged Try, constpated, yellow-coated tongue. you
have no cubt catarrh of the bile duct Of the liver
which is usually associated with catarrh OF the
stomach If old l cure these cases
positively II patients will follow my directions VI
course there are various other symptoms due to
the above diseases which need In some cases inde-
pendent treatment. DR.. Hancock treats all chronic
diseases: Rheumatism, Asthma, Diseases peculiar
to women, all Nervous Blood and Skin Diseases
Of both sexes at once relieved and forever cured.
Hours, 10 to daily. Sundays, 10 to u and Tues
days and Fridays, after pm: Consulta tion Free
Pope building, S17 14th ut. Phone Main 3231-Y.
nos w. f&m-tf-40
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1902-11-21

Miss Annie D. Custis of Virginia is visit
ing her aunt, Mrs. Tennent of Columbia
avenue Takoma Park, d. c.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1902-11-21

| Miss Irene Rogers of Charlottesville, Va,
who has been visiting friends here, leaves
| today for her home.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1902-11-21

pretty home wedding took place
Wednesday evening at the home of Mr..
John Golfer. 2oI II street northwest where
MISS Agnes Belle Donaldson of Kenil-
worth and Mr.. Edward J. Grey of Hyatts-
Vile were married In the presence of n
large number of friends. Rev. Mr. Mayo
of the Hyattsville Episcopal Church off,
ciated. The bride wore gown Of white
organdfe and carried a bunch of brides
roses. She was attended by her sister.
Miss Frances Donaldson Immediately after
the ceremony the bridal party were driven
to the home of the brides father at Kenil-
worth, where reception and supper was
rendered. The interior of the house was
decorated with autumn leaves. chrysan-
themurns and bride roses. The bride is the
daughter of MIR. and Mrs. Zack Donaldson.
Mr.. ana Mrs. Grey will reside at 2D7 II
street northwest and will be at home after
the 18th
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1902-11-21

The Church of the Incarnation, at 10Th
and N streets was the scene of very
pretty wedding Wednesday evening. the
contra citing parties being DR.. j. Harris West
and Miss Jennie l. Jordan, both of Wash
ington. The youthful bride was becom-
ingly gowned in gray wolfe and a large
picture hat to match. The Rev. Taylor
Snyder officiated at the ceremony. After
ward DIR. and Mrs. West held a reception ait
their future home, 1910 H street.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1902-11-21

The Founding Hospital was thrown open
to Its friends yesterday from TO and
the lady managers welcomed many whose
visit materially increased the financial re-
sources of the institution. Dolls and sweets
and the usual Accomplishments OF an after
noon charity tea were sold Mrs. Simon
Wolf, Mrs. G. c. Bassett, Mrs. A B. Brown
and others formed the reception commit
tee Other members of the board who were
in charge Of the tables included Mrs. A T.
Britton, Mrs H. A. Taylor, Mrs A. Lsner,
Mrs. Richard Sylvester, Mrs J. c. Pennie,
Mrs. J. E. Clark, Mrs. Joseph Auerbach,
Mrs. Henry Fuller, Mrs. A. ]. Hall, Mrs.
W. S. Knox, Mrs A. S Gillett, Mrs. T. F.
Schneider, Mrs. L. B. Platt, Mrs j. c.
Smithe Mrs. j. N. Whitney and Mrs. My
ron B. Wright. Miss Britton, assisted by Miss
Marion West Miss De Shields, Miss Sands,
Miss Mearns and the Misses Britton. served
the refreshments. The babies, who are the
object of SO much attention on the part of
the women managers, formed themselves
a most interesting feature of the afternoon
to all the visitors to the nursery wards.
Mrs. Robert ]. Wynne returned last night
from New York, where she spent most of
the week. Tuesday night her relative, Dis
trict Attorney John S. Clarke of Brooklyn,
gave large party in her honor to the
Horse Show.
Representative and Mrs. J. B. Showalter
and daughters, with Miss Moor, Miss Head
and Miss Anderson, formed box party at
the National Theater last night.
Miss Eta B. Benjamin and DR.. Frank ].
Boardman were quietly married on Monday
evening, November IL, at $50 o'clock, by
Rev. Dr. Hicks, who performed the cere-
mony at the home OF the parents of the
groom in Baltimore, Md The bride was
becomingly attired in a blue cloth travelling
suit, with hat to match. The young couple
are now visiting in New York city, but In
the future will make their home in Balti-
moro.
The Misses Cozart Of this city. with Miss
Henrietta Cozart and Frances Hilliard.
bridesmaids. and the ,Messrs. Harry O'Neill
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1902-11-21

Miss Louise c. Russell of this city and
Mr.. Charles NJ. Stevenson Of Wilmington,
Del, were married in the parsonage of Will
son Memorial NJ. E. Church Wednesday
evening, November 10, by the Rev. A. H.
Thompson. Owing to the recent death OF
the brides father the wedding was a quiet
one. The groom was colonel of the 1st Del
aware Regiment during the Spanish-Amer-
lean war, and is well known in his native
city.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1902-11-21

An entertainment was given last night
by the Andrew Jackson Council, Junior Or
der of American Mechanics, at its temple.
There were several numbers the pro-
gram that were well rendered by the Messrs.
Depro, Miss Estella Donohue, Miss Kelley,
Miss German and others. Mr.. Frank Depro
presided. After the entertainment refresh
ments were served.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1902-11-21

Miss Annie A. Bliss and Mr.. Herman ].
WalZ were married on the evening of the
10th at the brides residence, 923 East Cap
ital street, by the Rev. A H. Thompson,
pastor Wilson Memorial NJ. E. Church. The
wedding was a quiet one, only the immedi-
ate family being present. The bride was at
tired in dark travelling dress, and the cou-
pie left for trip at o'clock.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1902-11-21
DIED.

Callahan. On Thursday morning, November 90
\, 1917, SATHRiNE EGAN CALLAHAN.
Mass al st. Aloysius Church Saturday Novenhar
=, at am. Internent at Mt ol!yct GENE
terry.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1902-11-21

Another shipment of Black Iron Pert
able Grates-fit In any frpplace-splendid
heaters-and make bright, cheerful, coy
ance, too, our leader 81. 5U
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1902-11-21

SO difficult is the art of cutting gloves
ina, ,nat most of the principal cutters are
known in the trade by name and by fame.
The St. Johns herald., 1902-02-01
A LITTLE ARMY HISTORY

The first United States arm,
 previous to 17S9 was conducted bl
 a board of ordnancer Since 178t
 the time when the established congress has had the power tC raise and support armies the rec. ords show that 231,771 Conti- mental troops and 145,000 state troops and volunteers took part in the war of the Revolution the record of number Killed and wounded Is estimated at 4,595 men Killed 6,114 wounded and 2,154 missing
 During the war of 1872, 471, ,622 regular and state troops and 62,- GA regulars. There were 1877 killed aud 3,736 wounded
 In the war of 1S45 with Mexico there were 1I6, 321 troops enrolled 42, 545 belonged to the regular army; number killed l, ,557 number wounded 3,42)
 Out of ?, ,257, 168 troops and 97,- 900 regulars enrolled inthe war of the rebellion -1S51 to 1865-178- 975 were colored. Loss of the United States army 159,S08 killed and missing; 199,720 died of dis ease footing up loos from all causes 399.528
 The United States had enrolled in the war with Spain 274,717 all told of which 21O, ,935 were vol unteers including 10, 189 colored. Total loss 4 officers and 61 men died of disease; 70 officers and ?, 495 men killed. Sentinel.
The St. Johns herald., 1902-02-01
WUS TRIBUTE TO AMERICAN
 WOMEN
The Chinese Ministers think They Combine What is Best in
 Women of Other Lands.

When l speak of American woman l cannot say that there is really prevailing type. It is a composites mixture of all types. She has as I have already stated the firm and upright carriage of the English girl but she has, in addition the viyacity of the trench woman the grace of the Spanish woman the musical voice of the Italian and whenever 1t Is necessary the more sober spirit of the German. The American type therefore is one puculiar to itself. Itis not duplicate of any. thing but rather a combination of all that IS good in the types of the world His Excelency Wu Ting fang in the February Ladies Home Journal
The St. Johns herald., 1902-02-01

Our esteemed contempor ary, The Gallup Republican says that the publication of the HERALD will probably he discontinued. Maybeso but it will take pretty tough gang to stop Us. But he will probably be happy to note that we agree with him when he prophecys that the HERALD will be improved. We have about half dozen more issues of she old style and THEN she is going to be modernized and greatly i'm proved, We shall demonstrat e that our usefulness is not yet end ed-or we will be found cold and dead right mp alongside the last ditch.