The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1902-06-05

y The tsfribls cafs-trupks - ~ Views
IA. directed snt 10 oshsr volcanoes.
~ ~hirh sNuut q ,hou-snd arr lnusn.
~ thu, thres hundred sad t~rensy-nvs
az nov active no-- no~ qui.-csnt are
not al ~sxtinrt: any onr - them NAV. ri
any tim.. remove an activity vhich. ~ lar
a. - knosn. h. but susp-ndsl Ncaurtf
vs. cousid~r-i by the tncisnt work. a.
extinct until he perod ~ the obstruction
u pumr.i Prom las 20 iu1i this vOkana
va. agi.n qui--c-nt-dgrthg q perOd ot
tLr~s Csnturte--
The , canoes ~ Iceland are In per
! u.tt,I artivtty. Etna. vssuvtus aud s,rum-
bod arr now internationally active. The
vulranos- % Spain wers very active
in the Proviucs Of MurciA In 1919. The
AAnr-. the Csnarirs, the Cats 10 Verde
Islands. I-ls q. Bourbon. the P~hihppiras,
Java, Japan. HaNai, Mexico, Central
America. Ecuador and other states alcng
J TIA. AndcS Trrn dol Fuesp, arr countries
~cuntainins volcanoes pepetually active
tn, AZ res and ia. Hawaiian Islands
are. IN fact, nothing hut volcanoes rusins
from the ssa Alaska contains several
active volcanoes. and tho Northwestern
States - the Pacific include mountains
that have become quIesCcnt N very reCsnt
times 4 glance at n map OF tho world
on ~hich the volcanoes ara marked will
give a vivid idea 81 their distribution
This is hot a random one. as a map will
clearly show.
gul..cert volcanoes that are becoming
active usually give warning hv earth
quake.. This was not the case in Martin
ique, however. Tho crater bcgins by
pouring out huge Volumes OF smoke COM
poe~d 10 gases and steam. and then CONS
volcanic ashes. pumicc and every now and
then vo!ieys 81 incandcsrent porous stones
-lapill and p~oz,olanos. Glohular masses
Of vhito hot lava are thrown out IN spiral
Ike forms, accompanied by explosive
sounds. Through tho clouds above the
crater lightning flashes, and the clouds
themselves arc illuminated by tho glare OF
the lava beneath. III" lava Itself may 10
thrown ou' nv explosions or Il may open
ways through huge fSsur's ia the side 81
The mountain. In very violent ernptions
the Who'll" head Of the mountain may be
blown n. or IN. mountain may 10 riycn
apart. a. a, kraka'oa. Tho volcanic ashr,
are zen, Oh, IN vas, quantity and. being light,
arr carried 20 enormous Distance.
Tie ashes II Ncsuvius have fallen IN Con-
E'hhtNAANfNN'a haN' NTNt' ''fi - NV ~
in 1871? darkenei tho whole sky AZ Barhadcss
those from Sumb1Ns IN 1915 Mere carried
7Op to SEQ miles IN large Quantities The
sshr. from Krakstoa IN lSs fllei tho upp.r
air and produced the rel sunsets ~ that
year. which continued for months. The
gaseous products of n volcano are deadly.
IN Java the no ghhofhoud of an active
crater has leen found covcroi with the dead
budics 81 Wild anmlls-tigrrs. deer and
tie !.Ic Il w,s m doubt. waves Of oKiou
g,s that Killed thousands at ~ Pierre.
SINE FAINT idea u the energy Of volcanic
forr~s may 10 had Nv considering 'he pres
sure- necessary merely TO maintain a
column 81 lava nt the level OF the summit
Of a high mountain. T'tcr1r = 3.7io metres
IN 10 ght. 4 pressure 81 sbou: 1000 at
mo-p..'r'> j. necessary Ia mas- th" lava
Tow from ont its crater IT," Martinique
volcano was 1850 metres high and the
pressure vas, at the minimum. 81 stmos-
pheres.