davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Chanute times., 1902-01-10
Wars OF the World.

The war which has most conspicuously
engaged public attention during the year
has been the Boer war. 1t has now as
sumed the form of guerilla warfare, and
the new year opens with serious losses
inflicted upon British arms. In addition
to the South African struggle there has
been the customary number of revolu-
tions in Central America, and a more or
less sanguinary conflict between Venezue-
la and Colombia. The pending trouble
between Argentina and Chile may be set
tied by arbitration. The Chinese has
been closed by treaty. In the Philippines
desultory warfare with stroling bands Of
natives continues. The list of casualties,
including killed and wounded, for the
year is as follows: Abyssina. 1000; South
Africa, 5,377; Arabia, 5144; Venezuela, o.
$50; Colombia, 2,5SS: China, 1,6O4; Africa,
1,261; Philippines, 96S; Mexico, 42l; Corea,
315; Sumatra, 2S3; Java, 65; Albania, 54;
Bulgaria, A; Macedonia, "a The total
losses for the year are 276Sl, as COM
pared with 133,S7S in 1900.
The Chanute times., 1902-01-10
sohley-sampson Controversy.

The Schley-Sampson controversy as tc
which commander was entitled to the
credit for the destruction of Cervera's
fleet at Santiago reached its elimination
in July when the third volume of Edgar
s. Maclay's History of the United States
Navy" was published. In this book the
conduct of Winfield S. Schley as COM
mander of the flying squadron was CEN
sured in the severest terms. The author
declared that the admiral was guilty of
disobedience Of orders in failing to pro-
ceed to Santiago when ordered to do so
and that the Brooklyn's famous loop
was the result of his cowardice.
AS the historian was connected with
the navy department as an employe Ad-
miral Schley could not overlook the
charges and on the 22d of July wrote a
letter to Secretary Long asking for an in
vestigation. His request was complied
with and n court of three, with Admiral
Dewey president listened to the testi-
mony and the arguments of counsel from
Sept. 20 until Nov. 7, when the court took
the case under advisement.
Dec. IL ,..e verdict was announced. 1t
was in two parts. the first signed by all
the members of the court and the second
by Admiral Dewey alone. Rear-Admirals
BenLam and Ramsay comprising ma
jorty of the court condemned Admiral
Schley in general terms, but Admiral
Dewey in a minority report declared
Schley was entitled to the credit for the
victory of Santiago.
Secretary Long approved the majority
finding and declared that the opinion
added by Admiral Dewey was not proper.
President Roosevelt ordered the imme-
diate discharge from the employ of the
navy department of Maclay and the or
der was carried into effect.
The Chanute times., 1902-01-10
DISASTERS OF THE YEAR.
Record Is Long, and the Number of
Deaths Involved Excessive.

Jacksonville, Fla, was the scene of the
most disastrous fire of the year in Amer
lea. The greater part of the city was
laid in ashes May 3, causing total loss
of about $l1 200, 900. Another serious
fire was that in Montreal, Jan. 49, The
loss was $2,5OO,OOO. Twenty-eight lives
were lost by the burning of the Rochester
On. W orphan asylum Jan. s. nineteen
persons were killed in furniture-house
fire in Philadelphia, Oct. 20, and 100 or
more were lost in great oil hre at
Baku, Russia, Feb. g.
Tornadoes, cyclones and floods were
fortunately few in number compared to
other years. The worst disaster of this
sort was storm and flood in the Elk
horn valley of West Virginia June 23
Between fifty and sixty lives were lost
and property to the value of about $1,0OO,-
900 was destroyed.
The following is list of the most
prominent disasters in 1901:
In January 10 were killed by an eXplo-
sion at Lei-Tung, China; by fire at
Minneapolis; 6 by a railroad accident at
Mikala, Austria: 20 by a panic at Tokyo,
japan; 120 by blizzard in south Russia;
so by the capsizing of a barge off the
coast of Madagascar; 400 by storm on
the coast of Japan; 70 by an explosion
at Hang Chow, China; 10 by boiler ex-
plosion at Recklnghauser, Bohemia; and
| 80 by a hurricane at Trondthem, Nor
way.
III February 81 persons perished in a
mine accident at Durango, Mexico; 1872
by a storm on the coast of China; by
an explosion at Guilford England by
railroad accident in New South Wales;
| co by a mine accident in Cumberland, b.
c., and at Hermosilo, Mexico; q by
| fire at Tokyo, Japan; 40 by storm at
Odessa, Russia; by fire at Birmingham,
England; and 32 by mine accident at
Kemmerer, Wyo.
In March 80 persons were killed by an
explosion In China: by explosion in
Spain; 30 by a railroad accident at Wa
| lovo Russia: II by mine accident at
Yabori Japan: 10 by mine accident at
| Gilsenkirche, Prussia; by cyclone in
Texas; 16 by a cyclone in Arkansas; IL
by boiler explosion in Chicago; s by an
avalanche at Lake Como; 20 by flood in
BOLIVIA; 10 by bursting of a dam at Bo-
logna. Italy; by railroad accident In
New South Wales; is by cyclone at Bir-
mingham. Ala. and by mine acci-
4 dent in Fayette Co.. Ala.
In April Is lost their lives by a mine ac-
cident in the Transvaal: 6 by a hotel fire
| at St Mary's. w. Va; 12 by cyclone In
the Canary Islands; q by an explosion al
Griesheim. Germany; is by mine acci-
dent at HoInu. Belgium: 20 by a snow
slide in Alaska; l by a railroad acci.
dent in Pekin: s by fire at ST. Jean
France: by a railroad accident at Gale.
don. South Africa. and IS by the fall OF
church In Albania.
In May Is perished by FIRE at Amreeli
India; 100 by a ferryboat disaster on tbs
Dnieper River: by fire In Chicago: 6 by
an avalanche in Alaska; i3o by a boilei
explosion In China: by an avalanche II
Switzerland: Z by a mine accident iI
Fairmont. W. Va. IS BY an avalanche a.
Avacenza. Italy; 2 by IRE al sohendorf
Bohemia: IA BY foods In Tennessee; ,
BIZ an explosion al Cape Town; = b. {
mine accident at Langhewydd. Wales
q by a mine accident al WolsenburE
The Chanute times., 1902-01-10
LYNCHINCS IN 1901.
Executions Due to Popular Excitement
Show an Increase.

Show an Increase.
The lynchings reported in 1900 showed
an increase OF eight over those of 1899
A still further increase must be noted this
year an Increase In brutality as we'll
as in number-the record standing 1O1
In 1899. lis In 1900 and 1885 in 1901. The fol-
lowing table showing the number OF
lynchngs in the last seventeen years
may be of value to those engaged in the
study of this branch of criminology: 1885,
1884, 1886, 1885, 1887. 1922; 1888, 142; 1889, 176
1880. 127; 1891. 1922 1892. 235; 1858. 200; 1884
100; 1895, III; 1896 81; 1897, 1866; 1898, 12l;
1899, 1O7; 1900. us; ic0!, iS5.
The lynchlngs in the various states
and territories were as follows: Ala
bama, Is; Arkansas, 8; California, 6; Col
orado. 0; Connecticut, O; Delaware, o.;
Florida, z; Georgia, IA; Idaho, /; Illinois,
0; Indiana, /; Iowa, 0; Kansas, 2; Ken
lucky, Z; Louisiana, Is; Maine, O; Mary
land, O; Massachusetts, O.; Michigan. o.;
Minnesota. o. Mississippi, 16; Missouri, g.;
Montana, A.; Nebraska, O; New Jersey, o.;
New Hampshire O; New York, 0: Nevada
0; North Carolina, /; North Dakota, o.;
Ohio, 0: Oregon, 0; Pennsylvania, o.;
Rhode Island, 0; South Carolina 8; South
Dakota, 0; Tennessee. 12: Texas, II: YER
mont, O.; Virginia, q West Virginia, q;
Wisconsin, 0; Washington, 0; Wyoming.
o; Arizona, l; District or Columbia VI
New Mexico, 0; Utah, 0; Indian Territory,
/; Oklahoma, 2; Alaska. 0.
OF these lynchings l2; occurred in the
South and IA in the North. OF the total
number 1O7 were negroes, 26 whites. In
dian and l Chinaman The alleged crimes
for which they were lynched were as
follows: Murder 80: criminal assault, 49,;
theft. 12 murderous assault 3; attempted
criminal assault, 8; cattle and horse
stealing, Z; completely in murder, 6; quar-
rel over profit sharing, 5; arson A; sus-
pected murder, 3; suspected criminal as
sault. l; murder and criminal assault, l.;
train wrecking, 1; alleged theft /; keep
ing q gambling house, /; suspected of
killing cattle, l; resisting arrest, Il; in
sulting a white woman, /; burglary, Il;
forcing white boy to commit crime. l..
Besides these. we're lynched because of
race prejudice, for unknown reasons,
and there was l case of mistaken iden-
tity.
The Chanute times., 1902-01-10
FIRE LOSSES WE'RE GREAT.
Year Has Been Very Hard on the In
surance Companies.

The year has been especially hard on
the fire insurance companies, because it
has come Immediately after another year
of disaster. Losses were heavy in 1900,
many companies were forced to quit the
business, and those that held on did so in
the belief that the worst had been passed
and that better conditions were inevita-
BILE. Instead of that the losses for the
year in the United States are 100000 OOO
greater than In 1900.
The result has been number of rein
surances, retirements and amalgamations
of companies unprecedented since the
year of the Chicago fire, when so many
companies were ruined. Fourteen stock
companies and eight mutuals have re-
tired absolutely from the field, beside a
great number of small mutual and as
sessment companies Scores or other
companies have retired from the West,
the South or both, or have materially re-
stricted their writings in the sections of
the country where they had suffered
most
AS a result business men needing large
amounts of insurance have been unable
to get it, and a horde of wildcat COM
panies and irresponsible Lloyds have been
started, to prey upon the necessities OF
the people.
The losses for the entire year are put
at S152 OS4, ,414 as against $3.50 02S,OOO in 100,
and $119 696, 900 in 1899.
Life insurance has closed the most pros
perous year in it's history. The people
have been prosperous and have been in
vesting their money literally in endow-
ment policies and ordinary life policies
for the benefit of their families. 1t is be-
lieved that the total of new business
written during the year by the legal re-
serve companies will be $3.50 100000. and
that their insurance in force will amount
to $500, ,OOO, 900. One company alone has
written over $3OO,OO0O00.
The Chanute times., 1902-01-10
Strikes Only Slightly Disturbing.

Strikes were somewhat disturbing
factor in the industrial world. May 20 the
machinists in some of the largest plants
in the country struck for nine-hour day
without reduction in wages. About 20
600 men went out. In several cases they
were successful, but in others their places
were filled with other men. On the 18th
of July a strike of iron, steel and tin
workers was ordered in some of the mills
of the United States Steel corporation to
compel the adoption of the union scale.
Seventy-five thousand men were effected.
Growing out of the strike was that or
dered by President Shaffer of the Anal
gamated Association of Iron and Steel
Workers, in August. This ended in Sep
tember in failure. Strikes involving riots
and loss of life occurred in Albany N.
Y; in the Telluride mines, in Colorado;
among the teamsters in San Francisco
and the miners In Kentucky.
The Chanute times., 1902-01-10
Embezzlcments of 1901,

The record of embezzling, forgery, de-
faulting, and bank wreckage for 1901
shows small decrease as compared with
that of 1900. The total Is $4,0S5,b69, as COM
pared with $4,660134 in 1900. The state
ment of dishonesty by months is as fol-
lows: January s345, ,1S6; February S5,5Oo;
March, s413, 1876; April, s5O7. .1S5; May, $685.
074; June, $4,000; July, $179SO6; August,
sl97S92; September, s121, 400; October, $685.
232; November, s45s,75S; December, $780,
300.
The losses are distributed as follows:
Stolen by public officials, $696,945; from
banks, $1,513, ,496; by agents, $227, 700; for
geries, s354,000; from loan assocations.
s266, ,315; by postmasters, 1876; miscel-
laneous stealings, S1,00S,977.
The Chanute times., 1902-01-10

The outlook for The building of an 18TH
mian canal in the near future became
much more promising when on Nov. is
Lord Pauncefote and Secretary Hay
signed new treaty on behalf of their
respective governments. This agreement
superseded the old Clayton -Bulwer treaty
and did not contain the Objectionable
features of the document which was so
amended by the United States senate as
to be unacceptable to Great Britain. Its
most salient feature was the implied
right of this country to fortify the canal
whenever it is built. The agreement was
laid before the senate and was ratified
by that body Dec. 16 by a vote of Y to q.
The canal commission appointed to inves-
tigate the two available routes-the Mic
aragua and the Panama-reported in
favor of the former, and bill authoriz-
ing the building of a ship canal at Mic
aragua was at once introduced in the
house of representatives. Late in Decem-
ber it was reported from Paris that the
French Panama company was willing to
sell its property and rights for S4O,OOOOOO,
and it is, therefore, possible that the
claims of the Panama route will receive
serious consideration at the hands OF
congress.
The Chanute times., 1902-01-10
American Trust. United Box, Board and
Paper, United States Shipbulding ana the
Northern Securities companies.
CHIEF SPORTING EVENTS,
Americans Uniformly successful over
Their Foreign Opponents.

Sporting events OF Importance included
the races for the Americas cup, resulting
In another victory for the American
yacht the Columbia over Sir Thomas LIP
toms Shamrock H., Sept 2S and Oct. 3
and 4; the defeat of an English team of
trapshooters by Americans at Hendon.
England, in June; the winning of tho
worlds sculling championship by George
Towns of Australia at Rat Portage, Ont,
Sept. 7, and the decision of the interna-
tional committee at Paris, May q, that
the next Olympian games are to take
place in Chicago In 1904. Pittsburg won
the championship in the National Base
ball league and Chicago was first In the
American league. In the east Harvard
was the undisputed football champion,
while in the west the honors were divid-
ed between Wisconsin and Michigan. In
horse racing the feature of the season
was the trotting of a mile in 2:O2h by
Cresceus at Columbus, o., Aug. ?.
The Chanute times., 1902-01-10
Foreign.

Abdurrahman. ameer, Oct. l.
Allan, Andrew, steamship owner. June
a.
Audran, Edmond. composer, Aug. ~.
Besant, Sir Walter. author, June 3.
Broglie, Due de, statesman. Jan. ls.
Buchanan, Robert W.. poet, June g.
Conquest. George. playwright. May II.
Crispf, francesca. statesman, Aug. IL.
D'oyly, Carte, producer of light operas,
April g.
Errazuriz, FEDERICO. president of Chile,
July II.
Ex-Empress Frederick, Aug. ;.
Gcurko, field marshal. Jan. %.
Greenaway, Kate, artist. Nov. 6.
Hall Rifat Pasha. grand v.zer of Tur-
key. Nov. ?. =
Henderson. John, shipbuilder, July p.
Hohenlohe. Prince Won, German states
man. July 8.
Hoshi Toru, japanese statesman, juno
Kruger. Mrs. Paul. July p.
Ii Hung Chang. Chinese statesman.
Nov. :.
Milan l.. ex-king OF Servia. Feb. II.
Murat, Prince Joachim Napoleon. Oct q.
Nordenskjold. Baron Adolf Erik. explor-
orleans. Prince Henry Of. explorer.
ofneFod. m MISS Eleanor A.. scientist.
July H.
Pretorius. Martinus wessel. hrst presi-
dent OF the Transvaal republic. May
r.
The Chanute times., 1902-01-10

Two events overshadowod all others In
the first year of the new century. one
was the assassination of William Mckin-
lev. president of the United States. ana
the other the death of Queen Victoria
bringing to a close the longest and III
many respects the most remarkable
reign in British history. Each OF the TWO
great Engish-speaking nations OF the
world was thus called upon to mourn
for it's highest representative of author
ity and to face what at one time might
have been a serious crisis in its affairs'
but In neither case was there even the
semblance Of political or industrial dis
turbance or of governmental instantly.
Theodore Roosevelt became presid mt ana
Edward VII. king precisely in the manner
prescribed by law and the close OF l9oi
finds each country as tranquil and secure
as it was twelve months ago.
In the United States the affairs OF
greatest Importance before the public
aside from the murder Of the president,
were the new -Pauncefote canal
treaty, the Schley inquiry, the Supreme
court decisions in the insular cases, the
formation of the United States Steel cor
poration and other gigantic combinations
of capital the panic in the New YORK
stock market, and the princely gifts to
educational institutions by Andrew Car
negie, John d. Rockefeller, ID. X. Pear
sons and others.
The Chanute times., 1902-01-10
BUSINESS CONSOLIDATION
Increasing Tendency Shown to Form
Combinations of Capital.

The feature of the Industrial situation
of the year was the continuation of the
tendency to form great combinations Of
capital or trusts. In the first eight
months the aggregate capital OF the new
corporations organized was s2467. .355. 600,
as against 81, ,S65 So, 900 for the same pc
ricd in 1900. The most gigantic of the
combinations effected was that known as
the United States Steel corporation. hav-
ing a capital OF sl.100. 10000. Its chief
organizer was J. Pierpont Morgan. The
companies entering the trust were the
Carnegie, Federal. American Steel and
Wire. National Tube. American Bridge.
National. American Sheet Steel, Ameri-
can Tinplate. American Steel Hoop. Lake
Superior Consolidated Iron mines and the
shelby Steel Tube. Some Of the other
combinations brought about were the Al
lis5fhalmers, Amaigamated Copper, Am
er1.an Can. american Locomotive. Amer
Fan PloN Consolidated Tobaccos North
The Chanute times., 1902-01-10
Our Insular Problems.

Considerable progress toward the settle
ment of the insular problems was made.
The greater portion of the Philippine
islands had been brought under complete
control carly in the year and the capture
of Aguinaldo by Gen. Funston March %
did great deal to hasten the work of
pacifcation. On the 4th of July civil
government was established with Will
liam II. Taft as the first civil governor.
At the same time the military authority
in the islands was transferred from
Gen. Arthur Macarthur to Gen. A. r..
Chaffee, Opposition to United States rule
it not entirely at an end. In Samar
bolomen attacked detachment of the 9th
infantry Oct. IS, killing ten and wounding
six men. Other less disastrous en-
counters have occu red.
The Chanute times., 1902-01-10
Loss of Life by Epldemics.

The loss of life by epidemic diseases
has fallen off considerably as compared
with 1900 The ravages of the plague have
increased, the number of victims in 1901
being a little over $4,000, as compared
with 10000 in 1900. Cholera, however, has
greatly decreased in fatality it's victims
with about 60,000 in 1900 The total of
deaths in 1900 owing to the Indian famine
reached the large sum of about $4,000.
1t is difficult to make any accurate list
of statistics of this kind, but, roughly
estimated, the cholera and plague last
year claimed about $4,000 victims. No re-
turns have been made of the fatalities by
famine in India and Russia
The Chanute times., 1902-01-10
Relations with Cuba.

The relations to exist between the
United States and Cuba were determined,
at least temporarily, by the adoption of
the Platt resolutions by congress in June.
Briefly, these provide that the govern
ment of the island shall retain its inde-
pendence of all foreign countries, that
the United States may intervene to pre-
serve such independence, that the acts
of the United States during the period of
military occupancy shall be ratified, that
sanitary plans for the prevention of cpl
denies shall be carried out and that this
country shall be permitted to buy or lease
naval or coaling stations at points to be
agreed upon.
On the 21st of February the constitution
as agreed to by the members of the
Cuban convention was signed by the
members of that body 1t is based large
ly upon that of the United States. Dec
81 Gen. Tomaso Estrada Palma was
elected the first president of Cuba.
Free trade between Porto Rico and the
United States went into effect July 25 the
anniversary of the landing of the Ameri-
can troops on the Island in 1859. Civil
government under the provisions of the
Foraker act was established in May. 1900
and the first governor was Charles II
Allen He was succeeded this year by
William II. Hunt.
The Chanute times., 1902-01-10
Trade with New Possessions.

Under a decision of the United States
Supreme court rendered Dec. it was
held that the Philippines became domes-
tic territory Immediately upon the rati-
fication of the treaty of peace and that
in the absence of legislation by congress
duties levied upon the products of the
islands were illegal. 1t was further held
that the right of congress to pass laws
for the regulation of the islands was un-
restricted, coming from the constitution
itself. In substance it was held the col
lection of duties on products coming from
Porto Rico between the time the treaty
of Paris went into effect and the date
when the Foraker tarff act became a
law was Illegal; that the island of Porto
Rico is a territory appurtenant and be-
longing to the United States but not a
part of the United States within the rev.
enue clause of the constitution, and that
the Foraker act is constitutional.
The Chanute times., 1902-01-10
LIN tho stock Market.

In May stock panic took place in New
York as result of the efforts of oppos-
ing interests to get control of the North
ern Pacific railroad. The stock was cor
nered and forced up to the unheard-of
price of $1,000 share. While many lost
heavily because of the slump in the val
ues of other securities. there were no
serious failures and the effect outside of
speculative circles was exceedingly slight.
The Chanute times., 1902-01-10
Suicide on the Increase.

Suicide continues to increase in the
United States. The total number report
ed for the year 1901 is 7.245, as compared
with 6,755 in 1900 and $40 in 1899. OF this
total $3.50 were males and 1895 females,
which curiously shows the same proper
tion of nearly five males to one female
for several years past. Physicians, as
usual. head the list among professional
men. the record standing: Physicians, 80;
attorneys, 10; clergymen. 10; bankers, 6;
journalists, 6; college professors, l.
The Chanute times., 1902-01-10

Rothschild, Baron Wilhelm Won, head of
the great banking house, Jan. 25.
Rummel, Franz, pianist. In Germany.
Stainer, william. bishop of oxford, April
22.
Tanner. DR.. Charles X. d.. Irish states
man. Sept T.
Verdi, Giuseppe, composer Jan. a.
Victoria, Queen, Jan. a.
Yonge, Charlotte M. author. March "a.
The Chanute times., 1902-01-10
Pap-American Exposition.

The Pan-American Exposition opened
at Buffalo May l and closed Nov. 2. 1t
was a financial failure, due In part to the
assassination of the President, but in
other respects 1t was a success. The to-
tai attendance was S.295.07S. Stockholders
were about 100000 out of pocket. At
Charleston, s. c.. the South Carolina In
terstate and West Indian Exposition be-
gan Dec. 2, to run throughout the winter.
The Chanute times., 1902-01-10
Work OF 50th Congress.

Among the important laws enacted at
the second session of the 56th congress
were these: Reorganizing the army on
the basis of a force of from 10000 to
100000 men; materially reducing the war
revenue taxes; increasing the member
ship of the house of representatives from
S57 to 3S6 by reapportioning the con-
gressional districts; abolishing the army
canteen. The river and harbor bill, the
Nicaragua canal bill and the ship sub
sdy bill were measures that failed to
pass
The Chanute times., 1902-01-10
Most Notable Invention.

In the way of inventions the most not
able achievement of the year was the
successful attempt of Marconi to signal
across the Atlantic ocean by means OF
wireless telegraphy. The test was made
Dec y between a point on the Cornwall
coast and st. Johns. n. F.. and the letter
So was repeatedly sent and received.
The Chanute times., 1902-01-10
Legal Executions In 1901.

The number of legal executions in 1901
was 11S, as compared with 119 in 1900, 13t
in 1899, 109 in 1898, l27 in 1897, 122 in 1896,
1872 in 1895. 1872 in 1894 126 in 1898, and 107
in 1899.
There were 50 hanged in the South and
36 in the North, of whom n We're negroes
and AZ whites. The crimes for which they
were executed We're: Murder, 1O7; GRIM
inal assault, 8; attempted criminal as
sault, 1; and train robbery, /.