The Honolulu republican. [volume] (Honolulu, T.H.) 1900-1902, 1901-01-27

mainly in what has been added TO the
power Of each frffvidual Little dis
tinction between persons is possible
In the use of rapid transportation. OF
abundant and cheap clothing. Of fuel.
OF food. of public and private sanitary
arrangements, Of books. Of the disco =
cries of medical science, and SD on It
is an equality that has been Il ade by
raising the weaker. not b. lowering
the stronger An equally noticeable
result is the extraordinary develop
ment of organization among large bod
les Of men. and the spirit of discipline,
without which il would be impossible
to carry on any large industrial under
taking. The working Of railroad de-
ponds as much on every employee do
ing his allotted task at the right mo-
ment as il does on the action of every
piece in the mechanism of the locomc-
tive. Men work together for a COM
mon purpose as they never did befure.
Greatest of all blessings in the saw
ing of suffering to mankind vas the
discovery of anaesthetics in 1874, and
at the end of the century. instead of
the total unconsciousness produced by
ether or chloroform. methods have
been found TO render senseless to pain
only those parts of the body on which
the surgeons knife must act. The find
ing of minute animal and vegetable
organisms in the body brought forth
Pasteur's solution of the process OF
fermentation; the examination of mi
croorganisms and their action on the
body established the science of bacte-
riology with its two-fold results. the
discovery of the microbes Of specific
diseases with the process of inocula-
ton as a means of cure. and Listers
elimination of gangrene from surgical
operations by the use of antiseptics,
an improvement that has thrown open
to investigation every part of the liv-
ing body
The microscope has removed the
boundary between animal and vegeta-
BILE life. 1t has been demonstrated
that all organic tissue is built up of
cells. that is of bits of protoplasm
supplied with nucleus" and it is gen
orally accepted among biologists that
the protoplasm is for all purposes iden-
teal in plants and animals, that il is
the physical basis of life, and that
every cell springs from another cell
The synthesis of organic products from
chemical elements in the laboratory
demolished the theory of a vital
force" and proved that only natural
elements enter into the composition
of animal matter
The boundary is set aside. too. in
the century's answer to the problem
of life on the globe. The theory of
evolution. the transmutation of one
species from another by added char
acteristics. and the common origin Of
one original form, advanced by La
marck, has satisfied mems minds since
Charles Darwin. in 1868, in his Origin
of Species by Natural Selection" DEM
onstrated the variations in species and
pointed out their causes. 1t has be-
come impossible to believe in a spe-
cial creation of man. belief against
which the biologists swell have ac-
cumulated evidence. The theory of
cataclysmal changes in the earth's
surface has been abandoned In the
past, as in the present, changes were
gradual and must have gone on thro'
cons of time: the fossil animals whose
remains are found in the rocks died
out as species die nowadays There
was a time when there was no life.
fContinued on Seventh Page1