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The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1901-08-30
INSIDE WORK.
General RuIeS-AII Systems and
VOItages.
II. Wires

II. wires
a. Must not be of smaller size than
No. IA b. & S., except as allowed under
rules PAT and 45-b.
b. Tie wire must have an insulation
equal to that Of the conductors they con-
fire.
c. Must be so spliced or joined as to
be both mechanically and electrically Sc
cure without solder. They must then be
soldered to insure preservation, and the
! joint covered with an insulation equal to
! that on the conductors
Stranded wires must be soldered before
! being fastened under clamps or binding
! screws, and when they have a conductiv
! ity greater than No. 10 B. &c S. copper
wire, they must be soldered into Jugs.
d. Must be separated from contact
! with walls, floors, timberS or partitions
through which they may pass, by nom
| combustible, non-absorptive insulating
tubes, such as glass or porcelain.
BuShings must be long enough to bush
| the entire length of the hole in one con-
tinuous piece, or else the hole must first
be pushed by continuous waterproof
tube, which may be conductor (such as
an iron pipe}, the tube is then to have
q nom conducting bushing pushed in at
each end so as to keep the wire absolute
Iy out of contact with the conducting
pipe.
c. Must be kept free from contact with
gas, water or other metallic piping or any
other conductors or conducting material
| which they may cross by some continuous
anu Ilrmly liked nOn-COnduCtOr creating
| a separation of at least one inch
f. Must be so placed in wet places that
| an air space will be left between condrc-
tors and pipes in crossing, and the former
must be run in such way that they
! cannot come in contact with the pipe ac
| cidentally. Wire should be run over,
rather than under. pipes upon which
moisture is likely to gather. or which by
| leaking might cause trouble on a ercu t.
ID. Underground Conductors
a. Must be protected when brought into
building against moisture and mechan-
fcal injury. and all combustible material
must be kept removed from the imme-
date vicinity.
b. Must not be so arranged as to sf1uil
the current through a blu lding around
any catch-boX.
IA. Table of Carrying Capacity of
Wires
The following table must be followed In
placing interior conductors, said fable
shows the allowable carrying capacity of
wires and cables of ninety eight per cent
conductivity:
A Ut A
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1901-08-30

else there must be an insulator inter-
posed between the motor and its support.
6. Must each be provided with a name
plate giving the makers name the ca
pacity in volts and ampereS, and the nor
NAL speed in revolution per minute.
9. Railway Power Plants
a. Must be equipped in each feed wire
before 1t leaves the station with an APP
proved automatic circuit breaker or other
device which will Immediately cut of
the current i'll case of accidental ground.
This device must be mounted on fire
proof base, and i'll full view and reach
of the attendant.
10. Storage or Primary Batteries
a. When current for light and power
is taken from primary or secondary bat
terleS, the same general regulations must
be observed as applied to similar appara-
t1S fed from dynamo generators develop
ing the same difference of potential.
b. Storage battery rooms must be
thoroughly ventilated.
G. Special attention is directed to the
rules for rooms where acid fumes exist.
d. All secondary batteries must be
mounted on non-atsorptive,n on-combustl-
bic insulators, such as glass, or thor
oughly vitrined and glazed porcelain.
q. The use of any metal liable to cor
resion must be avoided in cell connec-
tions of secondary batteries.
II. Transformer
a. In central or sub-stations the transZ
formers must be so placed that the
smoke from the burning out of the coils
oil filled cases are used) could do no
harm.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1901-08-30

Minnesota, 1899, entitled IAN act to reg
( ulate persons and corporations engaged
in Installing or repairing electrical wires
and apparatus in certain cities of the
State of Minnesota, and to provide for
F.. licensing persons and corporations to
carry on said business. -
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1901-08-30
UnIined Metal conduits.

j. Plain iron or steel pipes of equal
thickness and strength specified for lined
conduits in No. Alb, may be used as
conduits, provided their interior surfaces
are smooth and free from burrs. Pipe
to be galvanized, or the interior surfaces
coated or enameled to prevent oxidiZa-
ton, with some substance which will not
soften so as to become sticky and pre-
vent wire from being withdrawn from
the pipe.
k. All elbows or bends must be so
made that the conduit will not be injured
The radius Of the curve of the inn ar
three and one-half inches. Must have not
less than the equivalent of four quarter
bends from outlet to outlet. the bends at
the outlet not being counted.
45. Wooden MoIdinEs-
a. Must have both outside and inside
at least two coats of water proof paint
or be impregnated With the moisture re-
peilant.
b. Must be of two pieces, q backing and
a Gaping, so constructed as to thorough
ly incase the wire, and provide a onc-half
inch tongue between the conductors and
a s9ild backing, which under grooves
shall not be less than three-eighths of an
inch In thickness. and must afford suita-
bic protection from abrasion.
40. Switches
a. Must be mounted or non-eombusti-
bic, non-absorptiye insulating bases, sucn
as slate OF porcelain.
b. Must have carrying capacity sutfl-
cient to prevent undue heating
C. Must when used for service switch
es, indicate, on inspection, whether the
current be ION" or "off"
d. Must be plainly marked where II
will always be visible with the current
and voltage for which the switch Is de-
signed.
e. Must, for constant-potentiaI system,
operate successfully at fifty per cent over
lead in amperes, with twenty-five per
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1901-08-30
Switches, Cut-Out, Circuit
Rrcak ers. Etc

10. Switches, Cut-out. Circuit
Breakers, Etc
a. Must whenever called for. unless
Otherwise provided for exceptions see
Nos. and 22-c), be so arranged that
the cGt-oat will protect, and the opening
of the switch or clrcuit-bre aker will DIS
connect all of the w.res, that is, n a
two-wire system the two wires and in
three-Wlre system the three wires must
be protected by the cut out, and diseon-
nected by the operation of the switch or
circuit breaker.
b. Must net be placed in tie mined ate
vic nifty Of easily equitable stuff or where
exposed to intiammable gases or dust, or
to flyings Of conbustible mate ial
c. Must, when exposed to dampness,
either be enclosed in a waterproof box
or mounted on porcelain knobs.
Sec. ESQ. Constant Current sys-
TENS
Principally Series Are Lighting.
TG. Wires
a. Must have an approved rubber in
sulating covering.
b. Must be arranged to enter and
leave the building through an approved
double contact service switch, mounted
in a non-conroustible case, kept free
from moisture and easy of access to
police or fremen. So called "snap
SWITCHES HltiSt not De uSeu on nlSn pU-
tential circuits.
c, Must always be in plain sight
q. Must be supported en- glass or pOrce-
lain inSulators which separate the wires
at least one inch from the surface wired
over, and must be kept rigidly at least
eight inches from each ether. except
within the structure of lamps on hanger
boards and cut-out boxes or like places
where a less distance is necessary
e Must on sidewalks be protected
from mechanical injury by substantial
boxing, retaining an air space of one
inch around the conductors, closed at the
top (the wires passing through pushed
holeS) and extending not less than seven
feet from the floor When crossing floor
timberS in cellars or in rooms where thew
might be exposed TO injury. wires must
be attached by their Insulating supports
to the under side of a wooden strip not
less than one-half an inch in thickness
IL. Arc Lamps
a Must be carefully isolated from in
fammable material
b. Must be provided at all times with
a glass globe surrounding the arc. Sc
cCrely fastened upon closed base No
broken or cracked globes to be used
c. Must be provided with a wire net
ting Chaving a mesh not exceeding one
and one-fourth inehes) around the globe
and an approved spark arrester when
readily inaammable material is IN the
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1901-08-30
Metal conduits With Lining of In
sulating Material.

D. The metal covering or pipe must be
equdi IN strength to the ordinary com
n9lerclal forms of gas pipe of the same
SIZE, and It's thickness must not be less
than that of standard gas pipe, as shown
by the following table: -
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1901-08-30
CIRCULAR MILLS.

The LIVER limit IS specified for rubber
covered wires. 10 prevent gradual dete.
iteration of the high insulations by the
heat of tie wires, but not from fear of ig-
ting the insulation. The question OF
drop is not taken into consideration in
the above tables.
The carrying capacity of sixteen and
eighteen wire is given. but no smaller
than fourteen is II b. used, except as al
lowed under Rules 24-t and 45-b.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1901-08-30

cent excess voltage, under the most severe
conditions they are liable to meet with
in practice.
f. Must, for constant-potent.al systems.
nave firm and secure contact; must
make and break readily ard not stop
when motion has once been impaired by
the handle.
g. Must, for ccnstant-current systems.
close the main circuit and disconnect the
branch wires when turned "off;" must
be so CONSTRUCTED that they shall be au-
points when started, and must prevent
an arc between the points under all cir
cumstances. They must indicate. under
inspection, whether the current be ON
or off"
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1901-08-30
RULES AND REGULATIONS.
Sec 249. stations and Dynamo
Rooms
1. Generators

re Includes Central Stations Dynamo, Mo-
tor and Storage Battery Rooms; Trans
former; Substations, etc.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1901-08-30
II. Fixture wire

a. Must have a solid insulation with
a slow burning, tough outer covering, the
inch in thickness and show an insulation
resistance between conductors. and be-
tween either conductor and the ground
OF at least one megohm per mile after
one weeks submersion in water at sew
enty degrees Fahrenheit, and after three
minutes identification with $50 volts
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1901-08-30


a, Must have approved rubber insu-
latiug covering. (See No. 3S).
b. Must always be in plain sight, and
never encaSed, except where required by
the Electrical Inspector
c. Must be rigidly supported on glass
or porcelain insulators, which raise the
wire at least one inch from the surface
wired over. and must be kept apart at
least four inches for VotageS up to 49,
and at least eight inches for voltages
over $50.
Rigid supporting requires. under or
binary circumstances, where wiring along
fiat surfaces, supports at least every
four and one-half feet If the wires are
unusually liable to be disturbed the dis.
lance between supports should be short
ened. s
In buildings of mill construction mains
Of No. B. 6, S. wire or over, where not
liable to be disturbed, may be separated
about six inches for Voltages up to 80,
and about ten inches for Voltages above
$50, and run from timber to timber, not
breaking around, and may be supported
at each timber only. p
q. Must be protected on side walls
from mechanical injury by substantial
inch around the conductors; closed at
the top Ghe wires; passing through
pushed holes) and extending not less
than seven feet from the fiodr When
rooms where they might be exposed to
injury. wires must be attached by their
insulating supports. to the under side Of
wooden strip not less than one-half
an inch in. thickness.
80. Transformers
Cwhen permitted inside buildings, see
No. IL.
a, Must be located at a point as near
as possible to that at which the primary
wires enter the building.
b. Must be placed in an inelosure con-
strueted Of or lined with. fire resisting
for this purpose and to be kept Sc
eurely locked, and access to the same
allowed only to responsible persons.
c. Must be effectually insulated from
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1901-08-30
AZ. Conduit Wire
Must Comply with the Following
Specifications:

a. For metal conduits having o lining
of insulation material, single wires, must
comply with No. 80, and all duplex, twin
and concentric conductors must comply
with No.. IS, and must also have each
conductor separately braided or tapped.
and substantial braid covering the
whole.
b. For unlined metal conduits, conduc-
tors must conform to the specifications
given for lined conduits, and in addition
have second outer fbrous covering at
least ne-thirty-second of an inch in
thickness. and sufficiently tenacious to
Withstand the abrasion of being hauled
through the metal conduit.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1901-08-30
For Portable Heating Apparatus,

h. Must be made UP as follows
l. A tight, close wind of fine cotton
2 A thin layer OF rubber about one
hundredth of an inch thick, or other
cement material
3. A layer of asbestos insulation at
least three-sixty -fourths of an inch
thick.
q. A stout braid of cotton
D.. An outer reinforcing cover especially
designed to withstand abrasion
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1901-08-30
See. 254. Special Rules
For Open Woris-In Dry Place.

For Open Woris-In Dry Places.
g. Must have an approved rubber or
"sICw burning weather proof insulation
(See Nos. Il and 42.)
h. Must be rightly supported on nom
ccmbustihle, non absorptive insuIators
which separates the wire at least one
half inch from the surface wired over
and they must be kept apart, at least two
and one-half inches.
Rigid supporting requires under ordi-
nary conditions, where wiring along fiat
surfaces, supports at least every four and
one-half feet. If the wires are liable to
be disturbed the dis ,ance between sup
ports should be shortened. In buildings
of mill construction mains of s B. & S.
wire or over where not liable to be dis
turbed, may be separated about four
inches and run from timber to timber,
not breaking around. and may be sup
ported at each timber only. In damp
places such as breweries, sugar houses,
packing houses. stables dye houses pa
per or pulp mills, or buildings specially
liable to moisture or acid. or other fumes
| liable to injure the wire or its insulation.
except where used for pendants
/ Must have an approved rubber in
sUlating covering. (See No Al
J. Must be rigidly supported on nom
combustible, non-absorpttve insuIators.
which separate the wire at least one inch
from the surface wired over, and they
must be kept apart at least two and one
half inches
Rigid supporting requires under ordi-
| nary conditions where wiring over fiat
surfaces. supports at least every four and
or.e-haf feet. If the wires are liable to
be disturbed the distance between the
supports should be shortened. In build
ings of mill construction mains Of No. 8
B. & S. wire, where not liable to be dis
tu2bed. may be separated about four
inches and run from timber to timber
not breaking around. and may be sup
ported at each timber only
k Must have no joints Or spices
For MOIding Work.
l. Must have an approved rubber in
sulating covering. fSee No Al
m Must never be placed in molding,
in concealed or damp places
For Conduit Work.
n, Must have an approved rubber in
sulating covering. (See No. Al
o. Must not be drawn in until all me
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1901-08-30
:. Arc Lights on Low Potential
CircuifS-

a. Must have a cutaout. (see No. 15-a)
for each lamp or series of lamps.
b. Must only be furnished with such
in non-combustible material, such resis-
lance being treated as sources of heat.
1ncandeScent lamps must not be used
for resistance devices.
C. Must be supplied with globes and
protected with spark arresters and wire
netting around globe, as in the case of
arc lights on high-potential circuits. (See
Nos. II and SD. 81
d. For one FIVE jampere lamp or
smaller, No. IA wire. or larger must be
used. For two five ampere arc lamps,
on one circuit, No. II, 7or larger, must be
used.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1901-08-30
a. Interior Conduits-

a. Each length of conduit. whether in
sulated or uninsulated, must have the
makers name or initials stamped in the
metal or attached thereto in a satsfac-
tory manner so that it can readily be
seen. -
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1901-08-30

be used with special permission of the
electrical inspector.
40. Flexible Cord
a. Must be made of stranded copper
conductors, each strand to be not larger
than No. 26 or smaller than No. 30 B.
ductor must be covered by an approved
insulation and protected from mechanical
injury by tough, braided outer cover
ing.
b. Each stranded conductor to have a
carrying capacity. equivalent to not less
than No. 16 b. & S. gauge wire.
Is C. The covering of each stranded con-
ductor must be made up as follows:
l. A tight close wind of fine cotton
2 The insulation proper, which shall
be either water proof or slow-burning.
3. An cutter cover of silk or cotton.
d. Waterproof insulation must be
solid, at least -thirty-second of an
inch, and must show an insulation re-
throughout two weeks immersion in wa
ter at 70 degrees Fahrenheit, and stand
the tests prescribed for low tension
wires, as far as they apply.
e. Slow-burning insulation must be at
least one-thirty- of an inch In
thickness and composed of substantial,
elastic, slow-burning materials which will
suffer no damage at a temperature OF
$50 degrees Fahrenheit.
f. The outer protecting braiding should
be so put on and sealed in place that
cotton is used it should be impregnated
with fiame-proof paint, which will NOT
have an Injurious effect on the insula-
ton.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1901-08-30

In this class is included all cord used
on portable lamps, small portable mo-
tors, etc.
g. Flexible cord for portable use must
have waterproof insulation as required
in Section d for pendant cord. and in ad-
dition be provided with reinforcing
cover especially designed TO withstand
the abrasion it will be subjected to in
the uses to which it is to be put.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1901-08-30

Spark arresters must be so close TO
the upper part Of the oriflce Of tha
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1901-08-30

a. Must have contact surfaces for tips
of harder metal having perfect electrical
connections with the fusible part of the
strip.
b. Must be stamped with about eighty
per cent of the maximum current they
can carry indefinitely, thus allowing apoIt
twenty-five per cent overload before fuse
melts.
c. Fuse terminals must be stamped
with the makers name. initials or some
known trademark.
The free lance. (Fredericksburg, Va.) 1885-1926, 1901-08-01
Rappahannock's Chance.

At a meeting OF the provisional board
of directors of the Eastern Virginia Con
struction Company held in Culpeper Va,
July 10th. 1901. steps were taken to
construct an electric railway from the
city of fredericksburg 10 some point in
this county or Madison, and il remains
with the people of this county to decide
whether or not the road will come TO us
or 90 20 Madison. and all that il neces-
sary for our people 20 do to get it (fOr
we believe il will be- built Is To manifest
some interest in the matter by going to
work to show that il will prove
a paying investment and that
our people are willing to rem
der substantial aid To the enterprise.
At said meeting the committee on pre-
liminary survey were authorized TO con
tract with civil engineers TO make such
survey or surveys ~ may be necessary
for the further and successful pros
ccution OF the work and committee APP
pointed To designate the best route or
routes along which the lines of said road
shall run. Now. in our opinion, this il
the best opportunity our people have
ever had to procure a railroad, and we
should not let it pass, IA we must all
realize that it would be of incalculable
benefit 10 our county. and we would
urge all who are interested in the enter
prise To take hold Of it strike while the
iron is hot and we are sure il we do this
in the near future the road will he built
10 us.-Blue Ridge Guide.
The free lance. (Fredericksburg, Va.) 1885-1926, 1901-08-01
LOCAL MARKETS.

Corrected by Simon Hirsh & Bro)
Wheat ,63 to GS; corn, go to 90; meal,
$1.15 to $120 per 100 pounds; oats, 40
to 45: fowls dive . to Z ; turkeys Qive),
; TO 6; ducks Qive), 3 to 9; spring
chickens, 10 to II cts. per pound;
lard, 10 to II eggs, 10 to 10;
butter. . to 20; hams, II to Ia; Irish
potatoes, 90 to 20; early rose, for seed,
35 to 81 90. beef, 3 to 81; veal, AZ;
pork, > to 6; hides (green), AZ to D;
hides dry, to 8; baled hay, $l2 to
$l3 per ton.
Wool-Unwashed, II to 1s; washed,
% to "a.
Leaf Sumae-50 to 50 cents per hun
dred pounds.
THE GRAIN MARKETs.'
The grain markets closed yesterday as
follows:
Chicago - Wheat, July, Cox; Sept.
FOX corn, July, 53Z; July oats, Boy
New York-SOuthern wheat, 20 to so
corn, - to 80.
Baltimore-SOuthern wheat, 50 to 70
Southern corn 81 to 50.
Richmond-Wheat, 80 to ~; corn 6C
to SO.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT, 20 to II; corn, %
to 60.