Sunday morning globe., 1901-10-13

Pierre Joseph Proudhon, born near besan-
con. France, January S. 1909, and who died
June 10, 1885, won for himself the unenvi-
able title Of Father Of Anarchism." He
was Of humble parentage, bis father a
>ooper. his mother cook, himself a Jour
newman printer in the days Of his young
manhood AT the age of 2S the young man
determined to enter upon a literary career
and became a competitor for three years
scholarship in the Academy at Besancon,
prize open TO poor young men. Proudhon
won the scholarship and after three years
in the academy took up the study Of social
ism. Zeukerliu his very instructive work,
"Anarchism says of Proudhon's early
studies In socialism:
''It gives us a somewhat strange sensation
70 learn that Proudhou, the iathero of anarch-
ism. made these sociological studies IN the
Bible and this book of books Is even to-day
the most important source Of empiric soci-
ologv. Por no other book reflects so auth
entically and elaborately the development
Of an important social individualism and in
Pr5udhou's time the Bible Gin view Of the
complete lack of cthnographic observations
which then prevailed was almost the only
source of studies of this kind.
AN essay. which Proudhou wrote upon
the introduction OF the Sunday rest from
the point of view of morality health and
the relations of "a family estate, brought
him a bronze medal from the academy and
he was aferward able TO say with truth.
MY socialism received its baptism from
learned society and have au academy as a
sponsor certainly remarkable boast for
one who denied an authority
of himself. Proudhou wrote iu I,ls:
"NIv masters. that is those who make
fruitful ideas in me- are three. First OF alL
the Bible. then Adam Smith and finally
Hegel
Contrast with the foregoing the declara-
tions of the anarchists led by Michael
Bakuuiu. as they appear in the manifesto
issued by the Alliance de Ia Democratic
Social-te of Geneva:
"I. The Alliance Processes atheism 1t aims
at the abolition of religious services the
replacement of belief by knowledge, and
divine boy human justice and the abolition
of marriage as political, religious, judicial
and civic arrangement.
And these are the sentiments of the Mosts
and Emma Godmans, who flourish IN the
United States iu our days
pr0udhon broke with the socialism of his
time. he. had no belief IN the socialism
which would have the state controlled by the
people, and his auarchistic beliefs found eN'
preston iu the declarations
Governments are toe scOurge of God iu-
troduced 20 keep the world 300 discipline and
order And do you demand that they should
annihilate themselves, create freedom and
make revoIutions2 That is impossible All
revolutions from the amounting Of the hrst
king Co the declaration Of the rights of man,
have been freely accomplished by The peQ-
Pile Governments have always hiudered
oppressed aud crushed them 90 the ground.
They have never made q revolution. To SIS
not their function TO- produce movements,
but t7 keep them back
And $50 proulHou founded the party of
anarchy. the title coming from the French
word auarcHc. meaning without govern
mcut of bis many essays chat entitled
Property Is Theft, is probably the most
notable. his Ten Commandments as they
have been ,ermgd-the summing up of his
economic argumeuts--are regarded by his
followers as the wisest of his views The
first of these Commandments is the key
stone TO the others. and is as follows.
Individual possession Is the fundamental
condition of social life hvc thousand years
Of the history of property proves it, Prop
erty is the suicide of society Possession is
a right, property is against all right; sup
press property and maintain possession,
and you would by this one main alteration,
transform everything-laws, government
economy, statesmanshipi you would make
evil disappear from the earth.
TO- Politics is the science Of freedom,
the government of men by men, under
whatever name il may be concealed, is SER
vitudei the highest consummation of
society Is found in the union Of order and
anarchy"
Proudhou was not bloodthirsty man, on
lhe contrary he is said TO have beer k--a-
hearted domestic man deeply devoted to
the wife IN whose arms he died peacefully,
yet his loose thinking and loose teachings
eventually eliminated IN immoraliues and
murders.
In 1870 Michael Bakuuin began to acquire
prominence as an anarchistc leader. Bak
uuin was born In Russia IN 1874, and was
educated at the College Of Cadets In St
Petersburg. He was the descendant oi
nobility and might have led an easy life
had he not become first a follower of Proud
hon and then an advocate of more violent
methods than those favored by the teacher
whose writings poisoned his mind. Ii
Chemnitz, at the insuuection of Is4g, Bak
uuin was captured and condemned to deati
by drum-head courtmartial Austria de
manded his extradition, and he was sur
rendered 20 be condemned at Olmutz &,
death by hanging. Then Russia demande,
his person and he was turned over TO thl
Cars police. He was again condemne,
20 death, but the Car commuted the dealt
sentence and ordered his imprisonment in
fortress. lie was imprisoned and fnall,
banishcd 20 Siberia In 1901 through thU
aid of a relative holding high official posi-
tion. Bakunin escaped and returned q
Europe by way of Japan and America II
died In the hospital at Bernc. Switzerland
July T. 1873
Bakuuin was au intense advocate of force
Society was 20 be rccast by revolution b.
revolt instead of by evolution The view
OF this anarchist are fairly summarized ID
his declaration.
The idea of God implies the abdieauor
ofhumau reason and Justice 30 is gHe mos
decisive denial of human freedom. and lead