The Red Cloud chief., 1901-04-05
Farm and Home.

results in the forming of fruit buds In
the same way that girdling acts. 1t Is
also the case when pears are grated on
ounces that the pears bear very young.
Seventh--To prevent the running out OF
varieties. Some varieties do better on
the roots OF other plants than on their
own, as In the case OF many ornamental
shrubs and trees
Bighth--To modify the season OF ripen-
ing of the fruit. This Is brought about
by different habits OF maturity Of stock
and scion. An experiment with Winter
Nelis pears showed that the fruit kept
longer when grown on Bloodgood than
when grown OF Flemish Beauty pear
stocks. The Early Harvest apple ad-
vanced the period Of ripening OF the
Twenty-ounce when the latter was graft
ed on Il.
0. Grating sometimes modifies the form
OF the fruit, as in some cases where the
Duchess has been grated on the Trans
cendent crab, where the fruit has been
much modified In form and stem.
10 Grating on some kinds of stocks Is
said to sometimes affect the color OF the
foliage. The purple-lesved plum. known
as Prunus pissardi has been seen to give
a higher color on Prunus Americana than
upon Prunus domestica.
II. Grating may influence the flavor OF
fruit. Apples grated on crab frequently
show a certain increased sprightliness. or
at times even acridity, which is evidently
the effect OF the stock. although this is
seldom very apparent, The Angouleme
pear Is improved In size and quality
when grated on the ounce. Downing
mentions other varieties that are i'm.
proved by grating.
The scion affects the stock as we'll as
the stock the scion. Every nurseryman
knows that some varieties have roots that
go especially deep. as the Hlbernal. and
other roots that are shallow. And Dar-
win says that the common varlegated jas
mine when worked on the common kind
sometimes so affects the stock that 1t pro-
duces varlcgated foliage; and the same
thing occurs in the oleander and the Eu-
ropean ash and hazel.
Graft hybrid Is a term used to denote
the blending of the characters on the
stock and scion. and some of the In
stances cited as the results of grating
may be due to this cause: but very mark
ed blending Is so seldom observed and so
inconsistent that In only very few
cases has It been used for commercial
purposes and then only in n small way.
Among the most interesting facts in this
connection is the case of the potato. Here
many records can be found where the
eyes OF white and red potatoes, when
halved and grown together, have produced
notified tubers. The same has been done
by inserting the eyes of one potato into
the tuber of another, after destroying all
eyes but the one inserted. Similar blend
ing has been noticed with hyacnths when
bulbs of different kinds have been In
serted.
The limits OF grating can only be de-
termined by experiment. As rule plants
of close botanical relationship. especially
those of the same genus, graft upon each
other with more or less ease. Yet this
relationship Is by no means a safe guide.
A plant will often thrive better upon the
species OF another genus to which II be-
longs, and species of the same genius
often refuse TO unite. The pear, for in
stance. does better upon many thorns
than upon the apple. Sometimes plants
Of very distinct genera unite readily.
Thus. among cacti the leafess Epiphyllum
grows well on the Pereskia, and the lilac
on the privet or the ash II should be
borne in mind that union OF tissues Is
not proof of affinity. Affinity can only
be measured by thrift, healthfulness and
longevity of scion.-Prof S. b. Green. In
Farm and Flreside.