Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1901-09-19
4NsINDIAN CEREMONY:
The "MEDICINE SWEAT" THAT MAKES
THE RED MAN CLEAN.

1t His Turkish Bath, So to Speak,
and 1t Is to Him n Rite, Both Phys
zeal and Spiritual Making Medi-
cine to the Great Spirit.
Few, If any, of the writer's on the
habits. folklore and history of the
American Indian have devoted any
space to the red mans Turkish bath,
an institution homemade, to be sure,
but recognized necessity in every
camp and feature of the daily life of
| the Indian. On the contrary, COM
mentators have conveyed the impress
! sion that habits of cleanliness are for
eign to the Indian and that he has an
Unborn aversion to water except for
culinary purposes.
By the avidity and frequency with
which the Indian INDUCES in his home
made Turkish bath he proves the fall
lacy of this belief and shows that he,
as well as his white brother, can live
up to the precept Cleanliness is next
to godliness," only in the practice the
Indian puts cleanliness first.
The term Turkish bath is unknown
to the Indian. He calls that method OF
| IL ultulClne SWedI 1t Is 10
him rite both physical and spiritual,
for he cleanses his person and then
makes medicine" to his Great Spirit.
That the rite is religiously observed
was shown by a band of Brule Sioux
Indians, who made a journey across
the continent to the east and went into
encampment in, to them, a strange
land.
On their arrival, even before they
raised their tepee poles, they erected
medicine sweat tent. The framework
of this tent is of hoop poles so trained
that it is about nine feet lie diameter.
four feet high. fiat topped and almost
circular in form.
Just within the framework there is a
bedding of straw about two feet wide,
and in the center of the tent there is a
whole in the ground about three feet in
diameter and three feet deep. There
are no steam vents or pipes, no marble
| slabs, no rubbers and no sheets. When
the Indian is ready for his medicine
sweat a number OF stones or rocks
are heated to almost white heat and
dumped into the hole in the ground.
Then the red men, 90 or % of them, in
a costume even scantier than Adams
/ dlltI lllG 1dlAs AnGllStlNGo upOh
the straw. They sit mummy fashion,
their chins on their knees and their
arms around their shins, packed so
close together that even if they would
they could not move.
When they are all ready, blankets,
skins and canvas are thrown over the
framework until the tent is almost air.
tight, two or three buckets of water
are passed in and thrown upon the hot
stones and the medicine sweat be-
gins. The moment the steam begins to
rise the Indians begin chant, which
is kept up without interruption until
| the sweat is over. Packed together,
| enveloped in steam so thick that none
can see his neighbor. the Indians sit,
singing and perspiring for an hour or
more. Not an Indian moves. He
neither can nor wants to.
| At a signal from the chief or the
medicine man n section of the tent is
| torn away. and with heave and
whoop all the bucks make pellmell for
the water. 4 run and jump, and in
| they sd. 1t is just as much sport for
| the oldest warrior as for the boy who
| has not yet won his war bonnet. Once
more on land, the Indian, having per-
formed duty he owes to himself and
his neighbor, is ready to make medi-
4 cine" This is always done after the
medicine sweat'-in fact it is part
and parcel of the ceremony, for it is
regarded as a ceremony.
| The Indian, clean in person and at
| this moment, before his communion
with the God of his fathers, supposed
| to be equally clean of mind and guile
less of soul, now proceeds to the high
est point of land in the vicinity of the
camp, thus getting as near to the
Great Spirit as it is possible to do while
on earth. On the way he gathers up n
little soil, stray leaf. some old tobacco
anything which may be deemed refuse,
for he is about to convey to the Great
Spirit that he has cleansed his person
and that all things unclean have gone
from him.
These things that he has gathered he
places in piece of white cloth, which
in turn is fastened to the end of n long
stick. The other end of the stick is
thrust into the ground at the top of the
hill or knoll. and the good Indian has
made medicine. Two days seldom pass
without the. repetition of this cere-
mony. 1t never varies. The scene may
change. the Indian may wander to new
lands or be driven to them, but where
he is there also is his medicine sweat
tent and there he makes incidence
New York Times.