The Montgomery advertiser., 1901-08-25


 the soft parts from the bone. the en- tlre Hap Of bone and adherent sort 1 parts IS snapped back across the i'm aginary line between the free ends of the horseshoe. as upon hinge. thus re- sealAs.g Sne structure beneath. At the end or the operation the osteopiastic Hap Is turned back into its natural position. where in the majority of cases 1t grows without mishap. In still other operations portions of bone may also be entirely removed from all connections, temporarily kept in tepid, sterile salt solution during the remainder of the operation. and then replaced-as is sometimes done in trephining.
 All the organs furnish examples of structures which may be surglcaily in- vaded by incision and the lips of the wound subsequently closed by nature. The heart is the only organ whose cavity has not been deliberately cut into. though even it has been entered by hollow needle. and its walls have been sutured. This, of course, is not an example of 8 total or even partial removal of the organ itself.
 As for the parts of the body capable Of transplantation from the original site to different site in the same in- dfvidual. they are many. Skin may be made to grow upon sites most dis tant from those whence taken; a nose may be made from he skin fl an arm, the arm having been sewed to the nose until union occurs; the forearm may be covered with skin obtained by rais- ing the bridge of the skin from the front of the abdomen, adherent at both ends. slipping tke arm through. sutur- ing in position as in sling, and wear ing il there until the abdominal skin has grown to the forearm, and then cutting 1t down; orc leD may be simi- larly covered by being temporarily sut- ured to the opposite leg. Detached gratis of skin may also be taken from distant paSes Of the body.
 Portions or bone, too. may be made to grow in positions more or less re- mote from their origin. The bony framework of the nose may be formed from the bone of the finger, or by splitting the bone of the forehead and turning 1t down. Muscles may oe sev- cred from their natural connections, where less needed. sutured into para lyzed or iInperfectly acting luscles. the functioning of which is Of greater inn portaIEe. Sound nerves may be simi- larly grafted upon impaired ones, or split and one half engrafted upon the imperfect nerve and the other half left to perform its original junction. Intes- tines may have their upper end short circuitcd into the stomach several feet lower down in its length than normal and the lower orifice of the intestinal canal may be made to open upon the lower portion of the abdominal wall. either towards the front or above tho hipbone-or may even open upon the upper portion of the thigh. The gall | bladder. instead of opening by its natural channel into the intestine | about four inches from the stomach. | may be "buttoned" into the intestinal canal several feet from the stomach, l and there empty it's bile. Kidneys may | be displaced from their normal posi- tion C'hoating': kidneys). and be tied l back to their own or an adjacent site. Many parts of the body are capable Cf transplantation from the original site | in one individual to a corresponding or l different site in another individual. | Skin. bone. muscles. tendons, nerves. | thyroid gland and ovaries have been | successfully transplanted by variety of interesting operations more than | this. various parts of the body can be | replaced from the lower animals. Gaps and deficiencies in the bony structure of the human being are sometimes fiil- ed in with either fresh bone. removed | AS thC thAAC Ol tAiC OpSt Sto1AOhAs AtoIAh bhaS lower animal. or aecalcifed portions of the thigh bone of an OK. Crafts into the deficiencies of human tendon are also sometimes made from the lower animals; nerves may be similarly used. Where it is necessary to remove the entire thyroid gland. a portion of sheep's thyroid gland is generally substituted. in order to, supply a secre- tion the individual absolutely needs in order to retain health. Where the animal or human thyroid Is not en- grafted. only the daily use of the thy roid as food will enable the patient to | retain health in many cases.
 Deficiencies of the skull are some times filled in with metallic. guttaper- cha. or celluloid plates which are fitted into the gaps under the skin. In the hollow bones solid celluloid rods are sometimes used. Most satisfactory l jointed arms and legs are now supplied. capable of very complex functions. One may wear eyes made of glass. and Of he chooses) teeth previoulsy extracted from other people. or manufactured. | Ears. nose, palates. and lower jaws may be replaced with various substi- tutes. A very satisfactory larynx Is made of aluminium. with vibrating reed, enabling the person to talk through his neck. even tongues (of aluminum) have been attempted.