The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1901-12-30
LESSON TX.

destroy. Its princii al parts are-destru.r
destruyendo, destruido, destruyo, destrul
| o..
Present Group.
| Pres. Ind I destroy, etc.
Destruyo, desruyes, Iestruye, uestrui-
mos, destruisO, Destroyer.
Pres. Subj. I may destroy ETC.
Destruy-a, as, "a, amos, ais, AN.
Observation-Disclosures, destruya, de-
struyamos, destruid destruyan
1mpf. Ind. 1 was destroying, etc Ac-
cent on i of the ending.
Destru-ia, las, ia -iamos, -iais, ian.
Preterite Group.
Present participie. Destroying, destruy-
endo.
Pref. Ind. 1 destroyed, etc.
DestruiO, destrutyte, destruyoO, des-
truimos, destruisteis(3), destruyercn.
l. 1mpf Subj. might destroy. etc.
Destru-yera, -yeras, vera, -yeramos
(3), yerais -yeran
z Impf. Subj. l might destroy, etc.
Destru-yese, -yeses, -yese, -yesemos(3).
-yeSeiS, yesen.
fut. Sub. l may or Shall destroy, exc.
Destru-yere, -yeres we're, -yeremosC),
-yereis, -yeren.
Future Group
Destruir-eO, -asO, aQ, -mos(2),
eis(2). -anO.
Conditional. 1 should destroy etc. Ac-
cent on i of the ending.
Destruiar-ia. las, -iamos, las ian
ID Some of the most important verbs
of this class we show below in their prin-
cipal parts only-Arguir, to argue. arguy-
endo, arguido, arguyo. arguiO. Consti-
tulr, to constitute, constituyendo, con-
stituido, constituyo, constituiO. Con-
trlbuir, to contribute, contribuyendo con-
trlbuido, contribuyo, contribuiQ. Dis
tribuir, to distribute, distribuyendo. dis
tribuido, distribuyo, distribuiO. Incluir,
10 include, lncluyendo, include, incluyo,
1ncluiO. Inf1uir, to influence infuyen-
do, infiuido, inf1uyo, infiuiO. Retribuir
to pay back, retribuyendo, retribuido,
retribuyo retribuiO.
(c). All of the above verbs yield an ad-
Jective or noun in -yente, which was
once the present participle of the verb
arguyente,- arguer, constituyente, constit-
uent, contribuyente, contributor, etc.
destruyente, destructive, distribuyente,
distributor, incluyente, including, infuy-
ente, influential retribuyente retribu-
tive, and others.
II. Uses of the lenses of the Indicative
mode-the present, perfect, pluperfect and
past anterior.
(a). The present indicative of four ia
miliar verbs is formed peculiarly in the
first person singular which form was 10y
for termination. We repeat these verbs
in the lenses concerned:
/ give, etc.-Doy, cas-, d. damos, dais
dan.
am, etc.-EStoy, eStaSQ), eStaD esta-
mos, estais, estanO.
L am, etc.-Soy, eres, es, somos, sois,
son.
L go, etc.-Voy, vas, va, vamos, vais,
van.
OBJ The present indicative in Spanish
is peculiar in one use only-it serves in
stead of the English perfect In expressing
action as continued from the past in the
present-in which case it is accompanied
by an expression of time, containing
desde, since, or the impersonal verb ha,
hay, or hace, it is-usually the latter.
Examples Hace dos horas que estoy
esperanto ct is two hours that 1 am
waiting) L have been waiting for two
hours. Anda perdido desde anoche, he
has been wandering lost since last night
Hay dos dias estaO malo. He has
been sick two days.
Co Spanish and English agree in the
other uses of the present tense: First,
to express what happens now or at all
times; second, to take the place of the
future; third, to take the place of a past
tense. Examples: Esta casa es de mi
ito, this house is my uncle's. AsiO como
ell sol alumbra la terra, asiQ) la buena
doetrina es la luz del entendimiento, as
the sun illumes the EARTH so good doc
trine is the light of the understanding.
Voy al instante, | am going at once. Ell
bale empieza a las dieZ, the ball begins
at 10. Todos corren SUI encuentro, al
run to meet him.
I'D Progressive verb forms, denoting
action of the first kind (under II, g are
frequent: Escribo, l write. Estoy es-
crfbiendo, 1 am writing. Estamos esper-
ando ", we are waiting for you.
(e) The perfect in Spanish % like ours
expresses an action as now completed,
the action affecting present conditions
somewhat; (2) unlike our perfect, it is
sometimes used in actions wholly past.
Examples: Hemas acabado Ell trabajo,
we have finished the work. Me he equiyo-
cado, / have been mistaken. Lo he re-
cibido ell invierno pasado, l received it
last winter. But note the following (sec-
ton 66, q, substitute for the perfect of
something that has just happened; Acabo
de Ilegar, have just arrived.
% The pluperfect and past anterior
(section 49, a. are alike in meaning. But
the past anterior using as auxiliary the
preterite of haber, to have, occurs COM
monty in dependent clauses of time and
followed by preterite. The pluperfect
is not so limited, and the progressive
forms also. Examples: Habia(2) traba-
jado ell dia entero. he had worked all day.
Habia ~ estado trabajando ell dia entero,
he had been working all day. Cuando
hubinios acabado nuestra lectura, nos
fuimos jugar. When we had finished
our reading we went to play. Apenas me
hubieron visto cuando me Ilamaron.
scarcely had they seen me when they
called me. In the last two examples Qre-
quiring the past anterioro q particular
event is stated. But if habituaI action is
stated the lenses are the pluperfect in
the time clause and imperfect in the prin-
cipal clause: Luego que habiamos ACADIA
do uestral lectura, saliamos, as soon as
we had finished our readings we used to
GO out.
Martyrs and Heroes of Mexican In
dependence.
Las senillas imperfectas de civilization
que trajo la conquista, geninaron lenta-
mente. hasta que su desarollo irresistible
produjo la insurreccion dc 1910, la
restaurac ion gloriosa de 1921. Asi % los
volcanes, que inundan los campost en-
torrentes destructores de fuego. Sc
apagan dejan al agricultor un suelo. Sc
fecundado por las convulsiones mas %
terribles de la naturaleza.
Ell 16 de setiembre de 1910 fue "a des-
tinado por la Providencia para dar prin-
scipio la resurrection mejicana. Los in
morales Hidalgo Allende. I'm hunilde
ministro del quito I'm official subaIterno.
unidos pocos patriotas. lanzaron en- una
poblacion oseura ell grito de Independ-
encia Difundiose % ell eco salvador,
turbas innumerables, sin armas nj dis
ciplIna, corrieren ofrecer generosamente
sus yidas en- ell altar de la Patria. Los
primeros jefes sucumbieron sin deshonra
a la tactica 90 superior de sus enemigos