davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1901-09-19
FATAL AFFRAY IN LOUISIANA.
STATE SENATOR THOMPSON KILLS DIR.
MKOWEN NEAR WILSON.
LEY rFIEGpApH TO THE TRIRrNFl
tBY TELEGRAPH TO THE TRIBUNE.I

New-Orleans, Sept. 1s.-Near Wilson La. to-day
State Senator r. E Thompson shot and killed Dr.
J. c. McKowen, one OF the most prominent citizens
of this State. The men met on country road, one
driving, the other on horseback. With scant pre-
liminaries the pair drew revolvers and began shoot
ing. McKowen. shot through the neck, started his
horse and as he rode, evidently realizing his wound
mortal. took out his notebook and wrote out
statement of the affair. He was found in his buggy
and carried to a physicians $ house. but was
there found be dead. DR. McKowen some time
ago caused charges of larceny 10 be brought
against Thompson account of a dispute over a
barbed wire fence
Dr. McKowen had long been known for his
eccentricities In Louisiana During the yellow
fever outbreak of 1897 the physician brought
charges before the grand jury and secured the in
dictment of Drs. Southon and Kohnke. presidents
respectively of the State and city Boards of Health
The affair came to nothing. although intense bit
terness engendered at the time by McKowens 8
virulent publications.
DR. McKowen lived for number OF years on the
island of Capri, where he owned superb villa,
and where he accumulated what Is declared to be
the finest private collection Of medieval arms in
the world. He married sister OF ID. w Pipes, a
prominent Louisiana politician.
New-York tribune., 1901-09-19
THE COMMERCE. or CUBA.

Washington. Sept. ls.-A comparative statement
concerning the commerce of the island of Cuba for
the eight months ended February 2s. 1901 and l900
prepared by the Division of Insuar Affairs of the
War Department shows that the total value of
merchandise imported during the eight months
ended February 28 1901. s42. sl4. against
s4s.476,61s for the same period of 1900. The total
value of merchandise exported during the eight
months ended February 2S. 1901. s34 035. .S67,
against s23 $50 l56 for the period Of 1900 de-
crease of lis per cent in the value of imports
an increase of 42s in the value of exports. Gold
and silver was imported during the eight months
February 2S 1901 the value of Si27 ,O61;
period of 1900. si7s4.7H: exported during the
eight months ended February 2S, 1901 to the value
OF S992. $50. and for the 0sxad of 1900 g. 9l2o2
New-York tribune., 1901-09-19
PLANS FOR YALE'S CELEBRATION.
CONTRACTS LET FOR THE ILLUMINATION OF THE
CAMPUS.

New-Haven. Sept IS (SpeciaD.-The Yale bicen-
,enniaI committee has given out several contracts
ior the illumination of the campus during the cele-
oration October 20 to %. New-York company
mas the contract for lining Phelps Gateway. on
the Coege-st side The massive structure will
Dc completely lined with electric bulbs securing
effect similar TO that of the Electric Tower the
Pan-American Exposition. A local firm of ilu-
ninators has obtained the for lighting the
immense amphitheatre. which is TO be erected in
front of Durfee the campus. This Will be
completely covered with a canopy of lanterns
Used extensively at Paris Vanderbilt Hall will
also be extensively decorated with lanterns, each
20 contain electric bulbs. An order has just been
sabled 10 Paris for thousand large orange Ian
terms and similar number Of variously colored
New-York tribune., 1901-09-19
Arrived At the Bar az

.-. o. Henderson Bros. Arrived at the Bar a.
1;3o a m. 1,.,,-,. d,an Caherc Genoa september :
viii rnslse cabin ana 'eY ~ 'Far
sensers to HirzeIl. FeItmann x 60 Ar'i'eu "
al sfea@e team Scotia Hoer Genoa 5 ~ agSsr .esrass
senrers 10 the HAMBURG American LINZ
BaF at %G sner W r, Coqubo May - Psy'a pro Ja1e ~
sciaverry July O. Semauco II Serr3 - lucia september
o'ronGI 81, 5 10 Feeche ( Go. Arrived at the SSF
m r,..o,i, ,,,r, Elliott Buenos Ayres AugSss I I'
Nontevtdeo 10 Rio Janeiro - and = Le' @ sr At IL 20
with mdse Norton x Son Arr''eu az ~
Gable steamer Mexican wsrdroPs Galveston sn fspsrns
. .s to n the ,rs Me;Tf" Gulf OF Mexico. -..,,,s, T.
steamer Fl DORADO JegoSs ;coSs New
steamer Apache Pennngion JseNsn srsrs 10 William,
s,esmeT Hamilton Hupher. NswPo T,ian News ana 5 Co
steamer Bluehelds Hastings. Baltimore WIN
stea%sT Gorsboro French. Philadelphia with mo'e
William I'oI clyde % Sept IS $50 m-wnd northeast
moderate breeze: cloudy
steamers St Paul Southampton I Ksnsinf59p .2 M MIVsFoo
Pirhmond Norfolk and Newport News. George
fSK aHws sna N6TPs @ eassOw George
C,lvie Wilmington and Georgetown
THE MOVEMENTS OF STEAMERS
FOREIGN PORTS.
Kinsae. sep, Is-Passed. american steam yaen'
hsOm sept isWArrixsd Philaaspna
.sna MllS' p, is@ATrived CaIderon Br Rus
sell New-York for Manchester p.,,,, ,csr, Be,,-
Dantzic sept I5-Arrived. steamer fauia t"e"' ~
Wilhelm Ctier, l. StoerTer from Bremen ana S0u'i
smPsSng sD SArrved steamer Calabra CBr Bridges
NSPIS IssShorn for New-York. n, vs,s
sngap9Te ieArrysd M ys or steamer Jupiter 'Sr'
craeSS. sept iSsailed Lssss Reyn0s;. F91s;
Sew-York via Porto Rico.
New-York tribune., 1901-09-19
MICHAEL BEATS WALTHOUR
THE MIDGET BREAKS SEVERAL MoNH
SINGLE PACED RECORDS-MICHAEL
GAINS STEADILY FROM START

Little Jimmy" Michael added another scalp to
his ample list. at Madison Square Garoen ias'
night by defeating Walthour about as easily as
he had beaten Elkes earlier in the week Micnael
rode in the same steady manner which has char-
acterized his work behind the motor indoors ana
while he broke several single paced records, those
who watched the race closely were of the OPINION
that the midget could have done better had he
so desired had need compelled him further TO ex
himself.
Michael is wonderfully fast on the Garden banked
track, but he is not a gluten for work. ana ne
likes to ease I'D when he sees he has his rival
hopelessly This fact was illustrated forcf-
bly, last night in his with Walthour. whose
work has been consistent this year. Michael
started usual to gain as much as posslple
in the first two miles. An advantage gained at the
start amounts much 20 the little fellow, and it
have discouraging effect on his rivals.
He led by twenty yards in the first mile and
by nearly three-quarters OF a lap in the second
mile.
Then It was that Wathour and his pacing
machine were at odds. and Michael had the result
at his mercy during the remainder of the struggle
Walthour's pacemaker seemed to settle down after
that. and Wathour regained little of the IoSt
ground, causing Michael to increase ms speeu, go
which accounts for the broken records from the
eleventh O fifteenth mile. While Mlchael
broke the single paced record for fifteen miles py
eleven seconds better time has m @ neeh & eshman
was popular with the spectators, numbering prop
ably four thousand.
SUMMARIES.
Hall ses BY srooy scoRd
sullivan NewYork, third; George sGhofed Kings
ienEPSs; 3aa haf length between third
scheber a aarem %heemen
York C35 yards second George Sehohed Kings County
club go yards fourth. Time 2:loas. Won by half
length length between second and third ..,,.,-.,
Michael. Wales and Robert Walthour. Atlanta:
New-York tribune., 1901-09-19
FRANCHISE TAI CASE.
STATE OPENS BY TRYING TO SHOW THAT
TRACTION LINES MAKE BIG PROFITS.
Try TELEGRAPH TO THE TRIBUNE.I

Try TELEGRAPH TO TRIBUNE.I
Albany Sept 1S-The State opened its case
to-day In defence of the appraisement OF the
value of the property of corporations made by the
state Tax commissioners In carrying out the fran
chise tax case Reports made by the Metropolitan
Traction Company regarding its financial condition
were submitted by Deputy Atorney-General Cowan
and J. Newton Fiero TO eX-Judge Earl OF the
Court of Appeals who is acting as referee IN the
proceedings brought by the corporations 10 test
the legality OF the actloh oi '"e ''''' i"> I'm
missioners.
Ex-Judge Earl received their reports In the AS
sembly paror in the presence OF Ex-Governor 'aVlo
y HILL Frank II. Platt. ex-Judge Charies r.
Brown Charles A. Collins. William H. Page Jr'
and william N Dykeman. who represented large
nroportion of the corporal tions of the State. EN-
Judge Brown who is chief counsel of the Metro
notan Traction Company, vainly sought 10 huuce
the counsel of the State to disclose the speclhc
facts which they would seek to prove by the inan-
cial reports of that company to the state Railway
commission and to the State Controller. Mr.. Fiero
stated that there were four five arguments he
intended to bring forward based upon the reports
Mr. Dykeman. in behalf of the Brooklyn ana
conev Island Railway Company. submitted evil
depce through John L. Helms. president of that
co,nnanv and Daniel F. Lewis former president OF
tha prookIvn CITY Railway Company, to the effect
that its main line. which was appraised as
special franchise. would be worthless except lor
its connection with leased it ineS trans surer and an
difnr Of the brooklyn Union Gas Company, was
"a ehow that the consolidation and better manage
ment of the gas companies OF % KY 81, i n, is
ated large profits not due directly 70 the
s1tu sntted but objection made to TINS TINS eyl- y
dence and 1t ruled out by eA-ouuS 'sinn Of the
p,,Leman took exception to the EXCLUSION 1i Tue
eytdence and thus the Court Of APPEALS Mill con-
slider whether or not it TT was fb pakn of
day Judge Earl at the request Of the s S1ais Edav %
torneys POSTPONED en .ng Wdenee regarding Brook
I'm Rapid transit road viii be su-'uitted-
New-York tribune., 1901-09-19
SIR CLAUDE MACDOy4LD's VISIT

Washington, Sept. ls.-Sir Claude NJ. Macdonald
the British Ambassador at Toxic. who a con-
spcuous figure in China during the Boxer insur-
rection has arrived here with Lady Macdonald. on
the way his japanese post. He has been ordered
back after couple of months at home Sir Claude
is spending a short time in this country sight
seeing ard spent to-day driving about the city.
visiting the Capitol he leaves here tomorrow
for Boston. Newport. Buffalo, Montreal and To-
ronto. He will resume charge of British affairs in
Japan October 20.
New-York tribune., 1901-09-19
HOME NEWS.


CAMBRIDGE-Viscount Santo Thyrso, Portuguese
Minister at Washington. GILSEY-John NJ. Egan;
president of the Ocean Steamship Company Of
Savannah. GRAND-Mator T. L. Casey and Cap
tain T. R. Rivers, U. S. A. HOFFMAN-Briga-
geles. Cal: Norman f. Mack of Buffalo; Theodore
don 1I 45 IInh@SdelPhia and Lady Erecting OF Lon
house. o. s. N; Hobart Ames, of North Easton.
Mass, and James Demar, of London. MANHAT-
TAN-Bishop Worthngton. of Omaha. Neb. Lieu
tenant Won Hagen of Germany. and DIR. Carlos r.
Mcdonald, of Pleasantvie n. Y. MURRAY HILL
[EX,Mayor Alexander Harrison. of Hartford
! NETHER1AND-Senato Marion Butler, of North
Carolina. PARK AVENUE-AIaior F.. Parmley T.
5. A. NICTORIA-Charles w Bishou. State Super
intendent of Schools of Colorado: James Richard
son NJ p, of Liverpool and ex-senator C. A.
Towne. of Minnesota
New-York tribune., 1901-09-19
P4N-AHERICAN CLOSED TO-DAY.
EXPOSITION GATES SHUT DURING PRESI-
DENT MKINLEY'S FUNERAL.

Buffalo Sept. 1S.-Director- General Buchanan an
nounced to-day that tribute of respect and to
emphasize the solemnity OF the day, the board Of
directors of the Pan-American Exposition had
unanimously agreed close the gates Thurs
day September 49, the day of the State funeral of
President William Mckinley at Canton Ohio.
The exposition will reopen on Friday, September
90 which will be Welsh Day the exposition
calendar The gates will be open every day there
after until November !. in accordance with the
New-York tribune., 1901-09-19
WATcHMAN Bound, GAGGED AND ROBBED

Poughkeepse. n. Y, Sept 1S.-John Hill, night
agent of the West Shore Railroad Marlboro, was
held up in the railroad yard early this morning
by four masked men. one of whom shot him The
bullet was stopped by Hills watch. which was in
the upper left hand pocket Of his waistcoat, di-
rectly over the heart, and Hill not hurt. The
men forced Hill into the office, where they left him
gagged and bound a chair They got about $l3
New-York tribune., 1901-09-19
THE WORK HE LIKED BEST.
From Spare Moments.

From Spare Moments.
Just after the fall of Bloemfontein soldiers were
called upon owing to the scarcity of civilians to
work the railway. The weary were lying In
camp one night after hard days work when
sergeant called out:
ANY or you men want TO put your down
as railway porters drivers stokers for any
appointment connected with the railway?'
The silence was broken only by Then
Tommy slowly raised his head and drowsily
tered.
"Pnt down as a sleener."
New-York tribune., 1901-09-19
WHAT Is GOING ON TO-DAY.

Racing at Sheepshead Bay
Salutes by National throughout
National salute
Services in memory of President Mckinley, morning.
afternoon and evening
Suspension of traffic Metropolitan Railway
system and BROOKLYN Rapid Transit lines
beginning at 3:30 p IN.
Masonic services in of President Mckinley.
Twenty third st. and Sixth ave. s p. m.
New-York tribune., 1901-09-19
THE FIRE RECORD YESTERDAY

2:o5 a. m.-No. LBS Second-ave.: Harris Crane; $50
7:55 a- m.-No III one-hundred- -and-second-
- unknown: slight.
$50 m.-Main and hundred
ss.: Union Railroad Company: SlOO
II AS m.-No Cne-hundred-
Mary sherry; damage
$50 m.No 1859 Madison ave- Albert p Keppe: $40
New-York tribune., 1901-09-19
SHIPPING NEWS

PORT OF NEW W-YORK-wEDNEsDAY Sept Is 1901
ARRIVED.
Steamer reuonc tBr, McKinstry Liverpool September
II ana Queenstown II, with mdse AL cabin and so
White Star Line Arrived al
$50 n e.-,.,,nar
and Moville g. with mdse 299 cabin and 2So steerase
New-York tribune., 1901-09-19
PAN-AMERIcAy CONGRESS- DELEGATES.

Washington Sept. 1S-Senor Pulido the Ven
ezuelan Charge d'Affaires here, has been informed
by Eduardo Blanco, the Venezuelan Secretary of
State. that DIR. Jose Gil Fortoul and Dr. Manuel
Maria GalaVis have been appointed Venezuelan del
eSates 10 the congress OF American republics to be
held at the City of Mexico next month
New-York tribune., 1901-09-19
MARINE INTELLIGENCE.
MINIATURE ALMANAC.

MINIATURE ALMANAC.
Sunrise 5:45 Sunset COS Moon $3.50 Moons
HIGH WATER.
A N-Ssndv Hook IL Island Gate 81
PM-Sandy Hook Island ;53 Hell Gate I:46
New-York tribune., 1901-09-19
Announcements.

New Collar.
e. & W "LubeCk,'' ''Lubeck.'' z. & w.
New-York tribune., 1901-09-19
SAN FP4NCISCO STOCKS.

San Francisco. Sept. ls.-The official closing quo
,a,;ons for mining stocks to-day were as follows
Marietta daily leader. (Marietta, Ohio) 1895-1906, 1901-05-17
MACHINE THAT FLIES
Airship Successfully Tried in Crys-
tai Palace, London.
Propelled by Four Two BIaded
Screws and Stccred by broad
Ruddcr Inventor Is
French Acronaut

Latest among the flying machines"
to attract public attention is the
navigabe balloon, invented by NJ.
Auguste Gandron, a model of which
was exhibited .ecently in the Crystal
Palace, London, The balloon was
ge-shaped, II feet long and
three feet nine inches in diameter.
1t was Steered by broad rudder
and propelled by four two-bladed
screws, one forward, one aft, and
two side by side amidships. The car
was in the middle, and the balloon
was steadied by weight which kept
it on an even keel, and in real bal
loon would serve the double purpose
of moorings at sea and holding the
balloon to earth on land.
The experiments were successfully
carried out in the Crystal palace, the
balloon soaring in spiral course like
a pigeon preparatory to a straight
fly 1t navigated the large concert
hall in a series of short tacks and
went off at a sharp tangent or took
an oblique or spiral course whenever
required
The inventor, who is French
aeronaut and has been aided by Cecil
Barth, wants to build on the same
lines IA balloon 100 feet long and 80
feet in diameter, which he figures
would have "A lifting capacity, when
inflated with hydrogen, of 1000
pounds. The motive power would be
derived from four petroleum motors
Of ten horsepower EACH working
four siX-foot screws, which are cal
culated to make 1000 revolutions a
minute. These screws are not for
lifting, but for steering and propul-
sion.
Such an nir ship as this would re-
quire, it is thought, crew of five
men, although possibly one man
could take care of each two motors
and reduce the number to three men.
The inventor believes that in .still air
a speed of 35 miles an hour -,ould be
obtained.
Marietta daily leader. (Marietta, Ohio) 1895-1906, 1901-05-17
THEIR LIVES IN JEOPARDY.
stnntIy Reset with Danger
ana Hardship.

"If any man thinks the American
sailor is thing Of the past he should
spend awhile on the great lakes" said
C. f. Bailey, of Duluth, Mimi, reports
the Washington Post. "Ihe American
fresh-water sailor is every bit as pic
turesque a parsonage as was the salt
of early days who carried our mer-
chant flag into every port of the
world. His life is just as full of
hardships and just as full of dangers.
There is a large fleet of three and four
masted schooners on the lakes and
stories of the wrecliing of them come
with every big storm. a nastier body
of water than Lake Erie when it
comes on to blow can be found no.
where, and some of the experiences of
the life-Saving crews along its shores
are the most thrilling in the history Of
the service.
"The men who man the big lake
steamers. of course, have not much
of romance in their lives, but there are
enough of the old sailing vessels left
to keep a considerable army of men
employed. Any skipper who can navi-
gate schooner from Duluth to Buf-
falo is good enough sailor to sail
around the world, and he will do as
well as the next man to take care of
his vessel in the toughest sea the At
lantic was ever able to blow up
Marietta daily leader. (Marietta, Ohio) 1895-1906, 1901-05-17
HOW TO KILL HUMANITY.
Illinois Humane Society Issues In
Structions for Putting Animals
to Death.

The subject of putting afflicted ami
mails to death with as little pain as
possible has been receiving the care.
full attention of the Illinois Humane
society, and, as a result. it has de.
cided upon what it considers the best
methods to adopt, says Chicago ex.
change.
In circulars just issued to the police,
instructions for killing horses, dogs
and cats are given. 1t is pointed out
that in shooting horse the revolver
should be held within few inches
of the head. the aim being toward the
center of the head. midway between
the eyes and ears, in other words, eX.
actly in the middle Of the forehead.
When hammer or AK is employed the
horse should be blindfolded. Two Wig.
orous, well-directed blows lust below
the foretop will make death certain.
In shooting dog the pistol should
be held near the head, the aim being
little to one side of the center of the
top of the skull The shot should be
fired downward so that the bullet shall
go through the brain, into or toward
the neck.
After much consultation with veter-
mary surgeons and experts. the so.
ciety decides that there is no more
merciful way of killing cats than to
put. with a Iong-handled spoon. about
half teaspoonful of purGcynanide of
potassium ON the cats tongue.
Marietta daily leader. (Marietta, Ohio) 1895-1906, 1901-05-17
WIFE LIKES TO BE HIT.
Newly Welded Goose Island Woman
Thinks Blows of Husband
Quite Proper.

Out on Goose island there recently
occurred the wedding of girl who
was known as Sweet Katie" to a
teamster who was not only widower,
but who was also known as most
brutal man. 1t was frequently report
ed that his first wife had died because
of the frequent tioggings which he ad-
ministered both with his fists and his
feet, says Chicago exchange.
A motherly old soul, meeting "Sweet
Katie" one day, said: ~ hear YOU are
about to be married to that Mike.
the teamster. It's careful that you
must be. Didn't you know that Mike
is bad, bad man, who licked his other
wife until she died and then kicked
her body down cellar? You will be all
black and blue in two weeks from his
kicks"
But Katie was not frightened and
she was married to Mike. A few weeks
afterward the motherly old soul met
her again and remarked that she was
not looking well. "Ah, and / see YOU
are being kicked to death, too"
NO, indeed, you are mistaken" re.
piled Katie. Nary n kick has Mike
given me yet. It's his fists he has used
al! the time. SO don't be too hard on
the man"
Marietta daily leader. (Marietta, Ohio) 1895-1906, 1901-05-17
GUARANTEE WAS NOT GOOD.
This Customer Was sharp and No
Bun!to Game Could Bc Played
on Him.

81 see" he remarked, as he entered
a Farnam street drug store, that you
have u cough medicine for sale here
which YOU guarantee to cure any case
of throat trouble ever contracted"
"Nes. sir" said the clerk, relates the
Omaha News. "and only % cents per
bottle"
"Yes. What kind of guarantees
back of the mcdicinc?"
Our own, for one; the manufac-
turrr's, for another"
"Yes. What's the guarantee"
"We will refund your money if the
medicine does not do what il should.
How much do You want?"
"Not so fast, young man-not quite
so fast. S'posin' this here store goes
broke before use up the medicine
where do | get in? Now. if you'll let
me take a bottle of it. and it cures me,
I'll come back and pay for it-does
that go?"
1T does not"
"Mnybc you'd be willing to deposit
the money in bank, where it could
he had if the stuff doesn't do its duty
.-eh?"
1--WE would not"
well, then, you can go to thunder.
I've read of these here bunko games
before, but | never bumped into one.
Maybe you kin skin the city folks,
young man, but your uncle has had
his whiskerS cut several times. Good
1oVr
Marietta daily leader. (Marietta, Ohio) 1895-1906, 1901-05-17
BIG PRICE FOR A PICTURE.
wealthy Baltimore Collector Has Sc.
cured n Celebrated Raphael
Canvan.

1t is said that the well-known
painting by Raphael, LA Vierge aux
Candelabres," has been purchased by
Henry Walters, of Baltimore, and is
now in his art gallery. Various esti-
mates have been furnished as to what
he paid for it, running all the way
from $4,000 to 100000.
Some weeks ago it was reported
that this celebrated painting had
been bought by well-known Amer
lean art collector, but the name of
the purchaser could not be estab-
lished then. Raphaels la vierge
nuX Candelabres" was exhibited at
the Metropolitan museum in New
York many years ago. At one time
1t was in the collection of Mr.. Mon.
roe, the Paris banker. He refused
an offer of 100000 for it. Since his
death, however, it had been offered
al IL much lower figure. At the Park
er sale it was put up at reserve
price of 100000 francs, but there
were no bids at that figure, and so
it. was withdrawn.
While the central figure in the
"Nierge aux Candelabres" has been
conceded by the best authorities ia
be by Raphael, some doubt has beer
expressed about the infant child
while the figures on the right and left
in shadow and the background are
believed to have been painted in nj
n much later period than the date OF
the ORIGINAL picture
Marietta daily leader. (Marietta, Ohio) 1895-1906, 1901-05-17
PACIFIC COASTS FUTURE.
Resources of the Country, Says This
Authority, VIII Not Build Up
Big Cities.

Certain facts may now be stated af-
fecting the future of the Pacific coast.
The first of these is that, however rich
it may be in natural resources, the eX-
ploitation of these will never support
very large population, or build up
great cities, so long as all the new
wealth produced is exported and all
the finished products required are i'm
ported. The second of these facts is
that, while a great trade may be built
up by way of the Pacific coast with for
eign countries, that of itself will not
build up great cities on the coast, be-
cause modern commercial methods
will prevent these cities being the sell
ers, purchasers and changers of this
commerce, and leave them in the con-
dition of onloOlers merely, saws the
Engineering Magazine. Consequently,
the future of The Pacific coast, if it is
to have any worthy of the name, is de-
pendent on the manufacture of the
raw materials produced within its linn
lts and drawn from outside, to supply
the wants of its own population and
those of the available foreign terri
tory. In other words, the Pacific coast
must have such future as is connect
ed with the history of the industrial,
commercial and financial supremacy
of Great Britain during he nineteenth
century, such future as is visibly
dawning for the United States, with
its center on the Atlantic seaboard,
during the twentieth century-or it
must remain forever in condition of
commercial subseryiency.