davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The suburban citizen., 1901-01-19
.PANAMA AND NICARAGUA.
Lengths and Summit Levels of the Two
Canal Routes.

Lengths and Summit Levels of the Two
Canal Routes,
The Isthmus of Panama runs almost
east and west at the point where it -
prOpc ced to pierce it with canal, and
is thirty-five miles wide n. the narrow
est place. The canal would run nearly
north and south, therefore. Still, the
Pacific end would nearly be twenty
miles further east than the Atlantic
terminus. The plan outlined by the
United State Commission calls for
work along route nearly forty-fivG
miles in length. over two miles and
Il half would be excavated in or neac
Colon Harbor, at the Atlantic end.
and over three and half miles at
Panama on the Pacific. Hence the
distance from end to end of the canal
proper would be only about thrty-nine
miles. and twelve and n half miles
of this would extend across Lake Bo-
hlo. The heavy work, therefore,
would be confined to about twenty
seven miles But some Of this would
be exceedingly costly.
The old French company which pro.
posed to construct this canal dreamed
of carving right down to tide level, ali
the way across. But the new corpora
tion, which performed the greater part
of the work actually done, decided to
use locks These would have brought
the level up about ninety feet. A
Mo 10 fln tffnft
sixty-seven feet above sea level, but
If this were followed the expense
would be materially increased. The
United States Commission estimates
the cost of completing the canal on
the nnety-foot basis at upward Of
S142,000,000 and on the sixty-seven-
foot basis at over S156000,000.
The Nicaragua route utilizes a lake
in the interior, and this is about 1Ot
feet above sea level Hence locks
would be necessary on this line also.
Engineers have proposed raising tho
level of the lake by means of dams to
either 10S feet or 110 feet. The cut
from Brlto, on the Pacific Coast, TO the
shores Of Lake Nicaragua would he
over sixteen miles long. The lake
would contribute fifty-six and half
miles TO the route, and the San Juan
River, the outlet of Lake Nicaragua, il
1OS miles or 110 miles long. THIS
stream, with some excavation, would
serve as a canal good part Of the
way. Hence, although the distance
from ocean to ocean is much greatar
here than at Panama, the character of
the work to be done makes it less
expensive. The preliminary estimates
put the cost of the Nicaragua Canal
at S125, 100000.
An important consideration in choos-
ing between the two routes is the dis
tance saved to shipping bound from
Atlantic or Gulf ports to the Pacific.
A steamer bound from New York
would save 377 miles, from Liverpool
1856 miles and from New Orleans $40
miles in going to San Francisco. TO
Yokohama by way of Honolulu the
saving would be from New York 22J
miles, from Liverpool 264 miles aud
from New Orleans 457 miles. The
owners Of steamships would gain in
two ways by this improvement. They
would save on coal bills, and they
| would be able to start their vessels OF
the return trip sooner, thus increasing
their earning capacity. The risks of
navigation, too, would be correspond.
ingly diminished by the abbreviation
Of the voyage.-New York Tribune.
The suburban citizen., 1901-01-19
FOR THE PEEBLE-M1NDED.

OF the feeble-minded idiots and i'm.
beetles, 1t is said there are about as
many as Of the insane. They are gen.
orally incapable Of self-support in coul-
petltiye life. Recently this fact has
been practically recognized, and
schools have become permanent asy.
lums for the segregation of those who
are unfit to meet the demands of
struggle in industrial society. This
segregation is especially necessary In
the case Of girls and women. All Of
this class would be happier in colonies
where their labor would produce the
cost Of subsistence in n simple and
comfortable way Of life. This is the
best example Of the growing determ.
ination of society to eliminate the
unfit and consciously give preference
to the capable. A humane method has
been found for exterminating gradual.
ly the vicious stock, and this method
will doubtless be extended to habitual
drunkards and criminals and to epil.
eptics.
In prison science and art philan.
thropy displays that highest proof OF
goodness, charity to social enemies.
Ert 1t is rational and austere chari.
ty. For revenge and retribution have
been substituted social protection and
Individual reformation. Deprivation
Of liberty and severe industrial train.
Ing have been found to be more deter
rent more humane and more efficient
than torture and capital punishment
for theft. Elmira Reformatory, opened
in 1876, embodied the principles Of
modern reformatory methods,
The suburban citizen., 1901-01-19
TRE SUBURBAN CITIZEN.
WASHINGTON, D. C.

The productive qualities of the soil
Of tropical Africa seem to be withou.
limit. Every experiment in agrlcul'
ture, so far, has proven successful 1t
now transplres that the climate and
soil are peculiarly adapted to the pro-
duction of coffee, and already the ex.
portation of that grain has been in-
augurated from Uganda.
The suburban citizen., 1901-01-19
PRISON IMPROVEMENT.

The National Prison Association, or.
ganized by DR.. Il. c. Wines in 1870.
has had wide and profound influence
in educating prison officers and ths
general public, while the international
pententiary congress, which also owes
much to the energetic initiative OF
DR.. Wines, has rendered the highest
form of service. The character Of
officials is rising. The merit system
is supplanting the shameful and costly
spolls system. In the fields of anthro-
pology, psychology, jurisprudence and
international law the best minds have
made contributions to penOlogy froni
their own particular studies.
CARE OF CHILDREN
Michigan led the way in establishing
most enlightened and complete sys.
TEN of child care, the admiration oc
philanthrOpists in all the world. This
system includes supervision and con-
troll of all public and private institu-
tions for dependent and neglected chill
dren. that all may be protected by law.
No child is to be placed in an institu-
ton except on judicial approval AMI
finding that it is delinquent or depend.
ent. All institutions are required 20
place dependent children in approved
family homes within reasonable
time. During minority indentured
children and youth are supervised and
protected. No subsidies are given from
public funds. to private institutions,
but they are encouraged and simply
required to give evidence of efficiency.
Ill-treated children are protected by
stringent provisions of law, and par
entail custody comes to an end when
authority is abused. Dependent and
DELINQUENT children are carefully sep
arated.
Private societies for aiding neglected
children have made great advance In
methods and results. Huge barracks
are no lenger approved as permanent
homes Of children and the natural en
vironment of fostering parental at
fection is sought for the homeless. Kin
dergartens and day nurseries are
agencies of philanthropy for touching
the very beginning OF educational life.
A WIDER AND NoBLER VIEW.
Philanthropy has taken wider and
nobler view of its mission. 1t has be-
come preventive and educational. Miss
Carpenter said: "A hospital cannot
clease a poson-infected district, nor
diminish the constant supply of pa
tients from an undrained and malar-
ious locality" 1t is well to remove
the weak and tempted from a bad en-
vironment, better still to improve the
environment. 1t is well to go down
to the folli-swamp and rescue one here
and there; better still to drain the cess
pool, improve the tenements, prevent
adulteration of food and drink inspect
factories and compel use of devices fer
averting accident and disease. Tie
wall at the top of the dangerous preci'
pice is worth far more than an ambu'
lance at the bottom.
The grand Utah decision of Justice
Brown has at last given highest sane
ton to the principle that the health
Of working men is an interest of the
State, and cannot be disregarded by
the greed of employers nor even by
the stupidity and negligence of tho
employees.
The suburban citizen., 1901-01-19
Babies Convicted of Sedition.

fore, festival was celebrated, in the
course of which this cry was raised.
The two infants heard it, and the next
day, while playing near the police
barracks, they babled the cry. There
upon they were arrested. imprisoned,
tried formally, adjudged guilty, and
sentenced to be severely reprlmanded.
And so the high crime and misde-
meanor WIS dealt with properly.
The suburban citizen., 1901-01-19

In Austria they arrest babes for
high crimes and misdemoanors. The
court in Parenzo, town in Austria's
Itahan province Of Istria, recently af-
forded the spectacle OF two baby
brothers, three and FIVE years old, Pao
and Leo Franco, being charged with
sedltion, in that they did cry Viva
IstBsi. Italiana." A day or two be-
The suburban citizen., 1901-01-19
Clergymen Collect Their Own Dues.

An extraordinary survival from the
primitive tradition of the clergy open
ly collecting their own dues" in kind
from the people may now be seen in
full swing in the rural districts of Up
per Savoy, in Switzerland. Every
year about the middle Of October
clergymen, attended by youths bear
ing sacks and baskets, g. from village
to village, receiving the contributions
of their parishloners. No sort Of con-
sumable commodity comes amiss,
though money is most favored, and
every evening the sack or basket goes
back heavily loaded. These contribu-
tions are a popular test Of respecta-
bility, and many a housewife has been
known to borrow the whole amount of
her Offering to the parOchial incum-
bent-London Express.
The suburban citizen., 1901-01-19
IA WONAYS TORTURING Bicycle RIDE...

the feat, but 1t was at an awful cost
to the rider herself. She went through
a series of hardshlps that would have
caused the collapse of many a hard
ened athlete. When she finished she
was a mere wreck Of her former self.
The glory of the ride was Offset by
the terrible physical suffering she un-
derwert
The suburban citizen., 1901-01-19

The most remarkable ride ever un-
dertaken by woman on a wheel was
finished by Miss Marguerite Cast Mon
day evening when she completed Il
2,O0-mle journey in the record time
Of 222 hours 51s minutes. Miss Casts
ride was over a course in Long island
and no man or woman ever eQualed
The suburban citizen., 1901-01-19
COLONIES OF EP1LEpTIcs.

One Of the finest examples Of speci-
alization applied to humane organiza
tions is the recent establishment of
colonies Of epileptics. An enlightened
public demands for this unfortunate
class the quiet and seclusion, the open
air life, the industrial opportunity OF
farm, garden and shop, which are re-
Quired by the nature Of this malady.
Admirable models may be cited in
Ohio and New York, where excellent
provisions are made in several States,
and a general movement to secure
legislation throughout the Union de.
serves universal and hearty co-opera.
ton.
The suburban citizen., 1901-01-19
CARE OF THE INSANE.

From motives of safety as well as Of
humanity attention was early called to
the insane. The progress of social
care Of this class has been marked by
greater kindness and skill, by the sub.
stitution OF the detached college sys.
tenn for the older, more expensive and
less suitable congregate style; the pro-
vision of detention hospitals instead Of
restraint with criminals in station
houses and jails; the tendency to re.
move chronic cases from pauper
houses to asylums. A saint canon
lied by all friends of those bereft Of
reason was DOrthea. Linde Dix. n
Massachusetts, school teacher who was
taught sympathy by early orphanagc
and the dictates of a noble spirit, who
learned the needs of the insane by Wis
iting institutions and by travel in Eu-
rope. From 1887 she addressed cont
mittecs and legislatures in all The
States and contributed greatly to the
effort TO transfer the insane from local
jails and almshOuses to hospitals erect.
ed by the commonwealth and conduct
ed by experts. The apparent increase
in insanity shown by statistics is
partly due TO the greater readiness o;
friends of the insane to place them in
hospitals for nervous diseases in the
early stage when cure is most hopeful
and also to the longer life Of patients
under modern conditions.
The suburban citizen., 1901-01-19

Emigration In Hungary has assumed
unusual dimensions lately. During
one month 1881 passes were Issued
to emigrants.
The suburban citizen., 1901-01-19
GENIUS OF THE MOVEMENT.

The directories Of our great city
charities are bulky volumes, and our
selection of illustrations must be Sc
verely limited to a few typical exam
pies which indicate the direction and
genius Of the movement. OF the inner
spirit and motive it is more difficult
to judge than of the magnitude of gifts
and the Improvement in methods. Yet
it is through study of external mani
festations that we are enabled to inter
pret the actions and dispositions of
the soul
The education Of the blind and of
deaf mutes Is a function of our school
system, not Of our charities. And yet
many of these pupils are from depend.
ent families and would be helpless
without public assistance. Their in.
firmity makes eloquent appeal to social
sympathy, and response has come In
costly institutions, improvements IN
methods Of teaching, provision of suit
able books and organization of self
help among adults.
The suburban citizen., 1901-01-19
MODERN PHILANTHROPY
A cENTURY'S IMPROVEMENTS IN
CHARITABLE METHODS.

How the Spirit OF Philanthropy Has De-
veloped-CarinE For the Unfortunates
Wider and Nobler Views-The Mod
ern Way OF Treating Derelict Children
The following article was written
for the Washington Evening Star by
Professor Charles r. Henderson. pro.
fessor of sociology in the University
Of Chicago: New demands were laid
upon modern communities by the vast
increase Of population, the congestion
Of cities, the vicissitudes of speculative
commerce, the swift changes in indus
try, the rapid separation Of operatives
from control of instruments Of produc-
tion. Charity itself often created a
demand for itself, and sanitary science
spared the weak from elimination by
disease and hardship.
Modern philanthropy has. however.
marched forward with discovery and
Invention, with science and art. 1t has
taken the form of legal relief, inspired
by the community conscience, while
the voluntary associations and
churches have led the way and tried
the experiments, not without lavish
expenditures Of generous individuals.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1901-09-13

stockers and feeders $2.6GQ41O. Hogs-Re-
ceipts. 1900 head shade to sc lower
heavy, s6-371z@6.50; mixed, S. 371506 40
Sheep-Receipts, 1000 head; 101I5c hIgner;
sheep, 81. 4Gq3.2O; lambs, S3.75m45O
KANSAS CIT I, s. pit 12.-Catt e-Receipts
l3,Cg0; steady. Native steers, 81. 1905:
Texans, S2.10q3.75; cows and heifers. s.. Is
49.15; stockers and feeders. 81. S5Gi4 425.
Hogs-Recefpts, 5000; steady. Bulk of
sales, So .2546 so; heavy $6.50d6. 30; pack
ers, Sc -20a6.50; mixed, IS 2566 80; Workers.,
50 .90Q6.30; pigs. "a. 1906 80.
SIOUX CITY, Iowa. Sept 12-Cattle-
Receipts, 200; market steady; beeyes s. 80
% 40; cows and bulls mixed, 81. 2563. So
stockers and feeders, 81. 5O6l3 10; calves
and yearlings, &. 75Qs. 80 Hogs-Receipts.
500; market 272@5c lower; ST. 20 $3.50; b. TX
of sales, Sc. 3212
CHICAGO, Sept -Cattle-Receipts,
1888, including 1888 Texans and 1850
Westerns; strictly choice steers all
others 1OQl5c lower; good to prime steers
S61006.4 poor to medium $405. rs: stock
ers and feeders, $2750425; cows 81 500
AGO; heffers, $264 rs; Gamers, 81. 5oG2 40;
bulls, $2.25Q4.75; calves, $3@6; Texas
steers, $3@4.50; Western steers, So. 75@5 %
Hogs-Receipts today, "a COO; tomorrow
q COO left over, 4,o00; mostly sc lower
mixed and butchers, S. 1906 20; good to
choice heavy, $66OG6.e0; rough heavy. IS
$50; light, Sc. 10q6.60 bulk of sales. 81. 30
$3.50 Sheep-Receipts. 10000; active and
strong to 1Uc higher; lambs stronger to
Ice higher; good to choice wethers, 50 IS
Q4-25; fair to choice mixed, So. 5063 80;
Western sheep, 32503. 80: native lambs
S3GI5; Western lambs $4G5
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1901-09-13
GRAN MARKET GENERALLY IS
QUIET. SAVE FOR SOME AC-
TIVITY IN CORN
WHEAT SHOWED l-2o ADVANCE
Corn, December, Closed 3-Sq1-2c Up
and December Lie Advanced
Provisions Closed SO
Toe Higher.
Closing.

CHICAGO Sept 12-Grains in general
are quiet today, with little nervous &C
tiVity in corn as the only feature. De-
cember wheat closed &c higher than yes
tel CAY: December corn was up &stG1ac, and
December oats &c higher. Provisions
were rather steady, but closed 5q19c high
December wheat opened rather steady,
a. I9lsc, 1sc under yesterdays close, on
lower cables, large receipts, moderate
Cle&EanceS and Indifferent demand. Lo-
caI conditions. however, played some part
and under buying by shorts and a fair
commission house demand at low fig
uerS the price huctuated narrowly till it
touched 70$4c, where it closed. Local re-
cc:ptS were 20S cars, of contract grade.
Minneapolis and Duluth reported 746 cars,
making a total for the three points of
954 cars. against 1851 last week and T46
year ago. Primary receipts were 49,,
30 bu. against LOLITA bu year ago.
Shipments were 7S1,125 bu, against S04,5S0
last year. Twenty loads were reported
taken for export, and the clearanceS of
Atlantic and gulf ports in wheat and
flour equaIled 539, 1854 bu.
Corn had something of a nervous, active
market, which opened higher in fear Of
frost in the Northwest. December opened
unchanged 10 &c higher, at 5I15TAc, but
was at once depressed by a large offer
ing by the same crowd of longs who
sold yesterday. The price slipped back by
degrees till it reached 565sc, on little
nervousness and report Of some cash
demand the cereal fiTmed up we'll till it
at 572sG5712c. Receipts We're 252 cars.
Oats had a duh and featureless market,
inclined to follow corn, but huctuating
narrowly December opened very. quiet,
unchanged at S5d551sc. There was little
outside trade and but scattering demand.
which made the highest price for the ses-
sion 55ssc. Here it closed. Receipts were
IS cars.
There was a moderate trade in provi-
lions, with a firm undertone in demand
for cash lard and ribs, buying by Cuda-
nv heiOp the urnhiu6nr ma
pork opened 215d5c down, at SIS. 70dl15. Z212,
was lowest at $l5.T0 and closed firm at
$3.50 January lard opened PIC under
yesterday, at s9.1212, and at once touched
$40. but closed firm at $9.171a. January
ribs opened 212c under yesterday, at
SS.0S1a. and firmed up to $S.15, closing pref
~ firm at SS.121ad 10.
The estimated receipts for tomorrow
are: Wheat, 80 cars; corn, go cars;
oats. 125 cars, and 20,900 head of hogs
The leading futures ranged as follows.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1901-09-13
OTHER GRAIN MARKETS

. NEW YORK, Sept E-Flour-Receints
10 1873 bbls; exports, 17,221 bbls; sales. ia
l9o pkgS; fairly active and steadily held
Rye flour steady. CornmeaI firm Rvr
quiet. Barley steady. Wheat-Receinis
$3.50 bu; exports, 1900 bu; sales. 2, 23g. 600
bu futures, 100000 bu spot; spot steady.
NO red, 75Ssc, f. .. afleat No red
14z4c, elevator; No. northern, Duluth
Io7sc. l. O. D. af1oat; No. l hard, Duluth
nominal Options opened barely steady
They sold off under disappointing cables
big primary receipts and liquidation but
afterwards rallied on covering. liberal
ciearances, sympathy with corn and ex
port buying Closed firm at 1sG5sc net
September. H1sG74s4c, closed at FAC. &c,
tobeF. 737sG741sc, closed at 74lc; Decem-
Der, FoAa761ze, closed al 761zc Corn-Re-
ceipts, 4,eG1 Blu; exports, L. $40 bu: sales
li5,eOO bu futures, 146,0O0 u spot. SPOT
firm; No 2. 621sc elevator. and 627sc 2 n
b. af1oat. Options declined at first un5er
renewed liquidation, weak cables Iarga
receipts and satisfactory weather nevSS
put Hnally turned strong on covering and
export demand, closing firm at &c NET
nlghef May, 62l296Sfi1c, closed at 631Sc:
SePtemDer, 6ld6l5sc, closed at 6f5zc. Ocfo,
Der, 6l7sd619sc, closed at 615sc: December
6l7sc, closed at 617se. OatsNRecefnts 1SS
100 bu; exports, 3615; spot steady: No >
sc: NO. 3, 371zc; No. white 40e. No :
Whte, &c; track mixed Western. 37lI6S
white state, 3S1a@45c Options opened
easy, eased off with corn, but finally re-
covered.
LIVERPOOL, Sept. 12-Wheat = snot
quiet; No. red Western winter quiet. -
I'd: No. 1 northern spring, 5s rid. Nh
California, IS 1115d Futures quiet. Sen
TENDER, 5s Cd; December, 5s 755d Corr
Spot steady; American mixed. new K
I'd; futures quiet; September. As ios.d .
octoper' As lOAd; November, As 1V1zd
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1901-09-13
DULUTH.

DULUTH, Mimi, Sept 12-Trading in
cash wheat was brisk and in futures fair
The market was very steady up to noon
at 6S74c, ranging only a sixteenth from
that point After the moan hour it
strengthened, selling at 6S12c at 12:45, ard
closed at 6S5k @6S&e Cash sales were 400
COO bu at lake under December Flax ~ss
again bullish. September closing &c up.
Close: Wheat-Cash No. 1 hard. lie: No. 1
3 spring, size; to arrive. No. hard. lie:
No. northern. 6S12c; September. 6S1bc;
October. 6S1ze; December. eS5k616S&4c; May.
Feeding. 45a50c: mailing, 50d60c. Flax
Cash, 81. 51%c; to arrive. 81. 40; September.
s. As; October, a.43; November. s1.nk.
Corn, 55Ac- Cars Inspeeted-Wh $50.
last year 103; corn, 2; oats, 10; rye. 16:
barley. 20; fax. g. Receipts Wheat 54,,
81 bu; corn. 5,e65 bu; oats. ~, seq bu; rye.
,fs9 bu; barley. 1924 bu; flax, IS 1892 bu
Shipments-Wheat. 264. III hn
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1901-09-13
MIsCELLANEoUs

COFFEE AND SUGAR-New York,
Sept. 12--Cohee-Spot Rio steady; No. I
steady; fair rein -ng, Size; centr fugal. 90
test, SIC, MolasSeS sugar, Sc; refined
Steady. Feed steady. Hay steady. Hops
steady. Hides steady. Leather steady
Wool quiet. Beef firm. Cutmeats st adv
Lard steady. Pork firm. The market for
coffee futures opened steady, with prices
points higher as a response to favor
able European cables local bull support
and a smaller movement in the crop d s
trict. Brazilian market news was bearish,
but was offset by an advance in Rio
sterling exchange. Local business was
light, with almost the entire trade in
Foreign houses bought sparingiy but the
transactions We're chiefly for profess onal
account. Spot coffee rulsd dull and uomi-
nally unchanged prices In the late after
noon thelocal market eased off under
realizing. The final tone being quiet, and
prices net unchanged to ) points higher
Total sales were 4,7s0 bags. ine,udi lg
October, 4.S0c; November. 4.s0c; Decem-
Der, 5.00c; January, 5.10c; March. 3 .30c
May. 5.45; July, 5.55c
METALS-New York, Sept 12-With-
out stimulating much activity the local
market for tin advanced from IS to 81
points today as a result of an absence
of sellers. and on bulIish turn to sta
tlstics. The market ruled firm all day
and finally closed firmer at SIS 40G25. so
London prices were also higher by los.
spot closing at els as and futures at
ELI Us cd. Copper in London was a
shade lower under realizing but closed
steady at e67 SIS Cd for spot, and e67
los Sd for futures Here dull and nom
inally quoted at 1615Q17c for Lake Su
perior and 1850 for casting and electricity
tic. Lead was dull at $4.3715 locally.
while the London market advanced Sd to
e12 IS cd for spot Speiter was with
out change at New York or London.
Former closed at 81 nominal, and the lat
ter at 9l6 lis Cd. Domestic iron mar.
kets were nominally unchanged at $gGr
$50 for pig iron warrants; No. l North
ern foundry, $15d15. 80; No. foundry
Southern, $14G14. 80; No. Southern foun-
dry, $u. 75G15. 25; No. 1 foundry Southern
soft, $14.75Q15. %. Glasgow warrants
closed at 54s, and Middlesboro closed at
45s 4d
NEW YORK PRODUCE-New York,
Sept. 2.-Butter-Receipts 1853 pkgs
steady: state dairy, f4a11Sfsc: cream erv
151zQ2Ol2ci June packed factory. 14l15tsc.