Omaha daily bee., 1901-02-02
OTHER LANDS THAN otPs.

! In consequence ~ the growth Of German
! trade and commerce In all parts of the
| world the German emperor has decided to
! establish an institute for the study of
occanology In Berlin in connection with y
| naval museum Both are to be part OF the
Berlin university and will serve az an
academy for naval instruction on the most
| modern system and In the widest sense ~
the word. one ~ tho main objects is the
instruction not only Of students In the
subjects dealt with, but OF all persons In
tercstcd In them, including ships captalns
ship owners, merchants etc. The museum
Will be formed on a very large scale. the
| emperor having ordered that all the naval
! collections at WilhelmS haven, Dantzic. X iel
and Hamburg shall he brought to Berlin. as
| well as all special collections In other mu-
! seums, and the greater part of the German
naval section exhibited in Paris last year.
The emperor has allotted $50 600 marks for
! this purpose and the Prussian Landtag has
| also made al appropriation. Though the
| institutions are still in course OF formation
series Of free public lectures on
! oceanology. etc, by several OF the leading
German professors will be started at once.
The first census in Russia was taken in
| 1924 and showed a population Of IA 900 600
! On the accession OF Catherine II. in 1852
the population OF the empire was 10000 600;
at the time of her death. in 1876. 80 900 900,
/ in 1915. under Alexander l. As 900 900: under
Nicholas |, in 1885, 10000 900; under Alex
ander II. in 1858. $4,000 600 under Alex
ander III, 1898 ~ 900 900 and today. 1885,
900 900, including the grand duchy OF Fin
land. As the population now increases at
| the rate of nearly 1000. coo a year In a
| quarter Of a century Russia will number
! 200. 100000 inhabitants. The average ratio
| Of inhabitants in the empire is but six per
square kllometer whereas in Belgium, the
most densely populated country in the
world, 1t is upward OF 200 The population
OF Russia is, however, very unequaly dis
| tributed In the province Of Vistula II
averages 80 inhabitants per square klo-
meter, which figure is superior to the aver
! age in France-7i per square kilometer.
! The region OF the southwest (Kiewl has IS
| inhabitants per kilometer, the province Of
Moscow 43 inhabitants, Lithuania 40, the
Baltic provinces 25, southern New Russia
"a, the Volga basin H. Finland has but
: inhabitants per kilometer and Archangel
but 1 inhabitant per Nlometer. In the
regions Of the Amur the proportion Of in
habitants is but per 100 kilometers.
The population OF Russia, which was for
| centuries almost exclusively rural teuds
more and more TO become urban" Thus,
| In 1924. the urban element was but per
| cent Of the entire population, while today
1t forms l3 per cent OF the whole. In l72i
the total population Of the Russian cities
was hardly more than 300, 900. Today 1t IL
! nearly 1000 900. Thirty years ago Russia
contained only four cities the population OF
which was upward Of 100000 Today there
are twenty-five cities Of this kind. 81.
! Petersburg and Moscow each have over
| 900 600 inhabitants and Odessa which was
! founded only lO5 years ago, already has
| population Of 420 900 Lodi, which had 80
900 inhabitants thirty years ago, now has
population of $4,000; Baku has, in the
same space Of time increased from 10000
J to $4,000. and Kiew from 6S 600 to 225 600.
! Thirty years ago Russia had exactly sixteen
cities with a population OF 10000 and over.
Today there are sixty cities Of the kind.
That Russia may invade Sweden some
day is certainly more than an idle suppo-
sitiou, and is well within the range OF
probability II has long been known that
the War department has carefully
drawn-up plan of campaign for the inya-
sion OF Sweden and Norway. The officers
of the Russian general staff are Of the
opinion that an army OF 10000 men would
be sufficient 10 compel Sweden and Norway
10 accept the conqueror's terms. Il Is, like
wise well known that numerous Russian
spies have recently been sent TO Scandina-
| via and that the Swedish language Is now
studied by mpny Russian officers. The APP
prehensions OF the Swedes are, therefore,
we'll grounded, particularly as the Russ ans
have made no secret OF the fact that they
want an outlet on the open sea; and where
could they fnd better ports than on the
Norwegian coast where the sea never
freezes. even in he coldest winters? But
| to reach the Norwegian coast the Rus
slams must pass through Sweden; in other
| words, they must conquer a great portion
| Of the Scandinavian peninsula to attain their
purpose. Hence the great importance at
tached to the proposed reorganization OF
the Swedish army In all probability the
Rldsdag will adopt the governments pro-
posal, and will grant the necessary sum,
which is a considerable one, for its realiza-
tion.
From the beginning OF the new year
France will have a purely colonial army:
| an army which will be under the minister
| OF war, instead OF, as formerly, under the
minister of marine Part OF the colonial
army will remain in France, while the other
part will be abroad. The period OF service
abroad has been fixed at from three to five
years-accordng to the climate-and the
colonial army will be perfect in every
department and ready to undertake any
little colonial war, without calling either
upon the territorial army or the navy for
| assistance,
II may be mentioned that the personnel
of the artillery passed from the navy to
the colonial army, consists 81 one general
| n diyigiOn three generals Of hri Ms
colonels ten lieutenant colonies, nineteen
chefs descadron, eigthy-three captains
eighty-three officers for administrative pur-
poses, Gixtytwo military employees and six
companies OF worKmen and skilled artisans
The total effective strength OF the new
colonial army has been fixed at thirty-fve
co'onels, forty-seven lieutenant colonies. 1856
chefs de battalion, 1i6 doctors, 1856 captains,
ll92 lieutenants and second lieutenants