davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Gloucester County Democrat., 1901-07-25
Care of Pasture Lands.

William Ernst of Nebraska says in
Prairie Farmer: When came out west,
more than quarter of century ago,
1t did not take many years to find out
that it was more profitable to pasture
the grass around me than to burn 1t in
the fall. This pasturing of the grass
was done SO successfully that none was
left to burn or to pasture. Finally
was compelled to break up the land
and farm it. I raised large crops of
small grain, but soon saw that it was
money losing game and tried to seed
my land back to grass. found it very
difficult to get tame pastures to stick,
and if by accident ! got good stand
of timothy or clover the latter would
not last, and the former after a good
crop or two would get what / called
sod bound and would not produce q
load of hay to the acre. I know now
why the timothy did no good after a
year or two. 1t was because we pas
tured it to the roots, thinking it eco
Of grass that showed up in the fall.
Land having by that time advanced In
price. | could not afford to own pas
lures Of that kind. and so overstocked
it to make both ends meet. made up
my mind to own less and better stock,
and this change in no time made a
great improvement In my pastures. ]
soon saw that a growth of grass GOV
cred the pastures In dry weather when
all the range in short pastures was
burned.
Gloucester County Democrat., 1901-07-25
After Moving Grass,

Proper treatment is very important
after moving grass. Some grass is
cut too closely. and then the. hayrake
is so set as to dig into the turf, dis.
lodging sets or stools that may not re-
cover if dry spell comes. If the
horserake teeth do not scratch the
ground, it will not injure the sod.
AS to cutting or feeding the after.
math, Colonel James Ward of New
York state says:
Moving is worse than grazing.
However, it is possible to have toe
much Of good thing. There may be
such heavy aftergrowth that it is in
the way. Sometimes a too heavy after.
growth will cause a field to be smoth.
cred by the ice In winter. The grass
under the heavy mating or aftermath
keeps alive all winter and requires
some air. If there is q coating of ice
over it, it seems to be killed to some
extent by suffocation. Usually, how.
ever, in the spring grass starts much
earlier when thus protected and is In
better condition than that which is left
unprotected"
Gloucester County Democrat., 1901-07-25

With the old method of testing the
fows with the churn mighty little test
ing was done on the average dairy
farm. and the seven day test was about
the only one known Of and of course
we took the seven best days when the
COW was in her fash, says L. W. Ligh-
~ in National StSckman. What good is
that to the practical business dairy
man? What does that COW do the other
3T.S days? In a few cases know of she
tried her best to get over the effects of
the seven day test.
What we want to know is how much
butter fat is contained in the cows
milk and how many pounds of milk the
COW gives in one year, not day or q
week when in flush on feed that posi-
bly, costs twice as much as the product
is worth.
The method use for testing dairy
cows Is not at all original with me, but
Is used by the foremost dairymen of
the land. and from years of observation
and experience 1 feel conscientious in
recommending it as practical for all
dairymen and farmers who depend on
their COWS for the main money crop.
need three implements the
scale. the Babeock test and the lead
pencil. Weigh every cows milk from
years end to years end. Test twice per
month and keep strict account. When
purchase a sire to improve my stock,
would not give snap for progenitors
with seven day test, but if that sire
carries considerable blood Of progeni-
tors with good yearly tests l am quite
willing to part with a liberal amount of
filthy luere, and know quite number
Of dairymen who are of the same mind,
and their tribe is increasing.
Gloucester County Democrat., 1901-07-25
AISalfn For Hnrsaa.

Concerning the action of alfalfa hay
on horses q Kansas farmer says in
Breeders Gazette: For more than IL
years l have had experience In raising
horses from birth to sale, from youth
to age, on alfalfa pasture and hay, ex-
cept maybe giving them some variety
in winter, consisting Of corn fodder
and straw All animals and man like
a variety In diet. feed no grain ex-
cept to horses In harness, and my
horses are noted for their size, strength
and beauty. sold two Percheron
colts in March, and years old.
weighing 1,700 and 1900 pounds, that
did not know the taste of grain. 1
have wintered horses from the city, as
many as 25 at times, exclusively on al
falfa to the perfect satisfaction Of the
owners. have never noticed nor
known any injurious effect from well
cured. good hay cut at first bloom.
Gloucester County Democrat., 1901-07-25
f7zz l,R,z,
BIZ. E e D

In paper read before the Iowa
state farmers institute Mr.. A. Lati-
mer Wilson said:
say unhesitatingly that the draft
horse is the best and most profitable
horse for the farmer to raise. / say so,
first, because my experience and OBJ
servation have proved that larger
percentage of draft horses raised is
marketable than OF other breeds.
am often asked which is the safest
and best draft breed to mate with
your mares. | answer: Each of the
recognized draft breeds has its re-
spective merits. While l am a great
admirer of the Percheron horse, espe-
cially to ruise in this great agricultural
state, / am forced to believe that the
Shire horse is the best and safest sire
in view of the great foreign demand
that has grown up in the past few
years for the heavy draft horse.
When in Chicago recently, was told
by commission man that out of the
21 foreign buyers there at that time 1G
of them were buying for the English
markets. Certainly there is a great
future for the breeder Of first class
draft horses. In selecting your mares
to breed be careful you do not get them
too fine or light boned, but rather on
the coarscr and more open order. Mate
them with heavy boned, good quality
and stylish sires, and you will reap the
best results. This is my theory, and
it has given me the best results. AL
ways looking out for the bone in a
draft horse, we can usually put on the
fact that as long as Shire horse
feeds and gains pounds he gains dol
lars. It is not 50 with many of the
other draft breeds. Many of the draft
breeds do not have the bone and feath-
er to go into our best feeding stables to
be finished out as well as my good
friend Mr.. McGregor of Tingley does
it. Mr.. McGregor is unquestionably
the best feeder in our great state. You
will find In his barns at this writing
that the Shire blood predominates in
nine out of ten of his horses.
lac DV-Sh tAESC n OE SkTGSs
A turf Journal publishes about four
columns of figures and facts bearing
on the question of young or old sires,
and the conclusion is that some horses
have sired their great ones while young
and some got no good ones till late in
life. In other words, there Is no law
that will apply in this matter. The
average breeder need not pay much at
tention to the age of the stallion pro
vided he is a vigorous horse. A young
horse that is vigorous, that has a good
constitution, is far less desirable than
an old one that is still lusty and rea-
sonably sure Avoid extremes, and es-
pecially avoid delicate, dainty and rat
tie headed sires. A stallion full of life
and ready for his meals under all cir
cumstances is the kind.
Size In Horses.
The man who breeds horses on the
farm must avoid the competition OF
the ranchman, and he must do it by
the excellence of his products, says
National Stockman. Size is one of the
important points of high selling horse
nowadays. Quality counts for more
than it ever did, but small horse of
good quality will not sell like good
sized one of the same quality. Nc
breeder should sacrifice style and
soundness for size nor is 1t necessary
to do SO. There are good big horses OF
the various types Of classes to be had
Gloucester County Democrat., 1901-07-25
CORN AND IT'S FUTURE.

The somewhat startling fact is an
nounced by men who have made a
study of the question that the produc-
tion of corn has reached its limit in
this country. while the demand for II
is bound to constantly increase. 1t Is
claimed that the days Of cheap corn
corn at from Is to 25 cents per bushel-
are over and that the greatly increased
domestic and foreign demand is likely
to force the average value Of this cereal
to about 40 cents as against an average
value of about 80 cents for the past
decade-in other words, that the corn
crop is likely to be worth 25 per cent
more for the coming ten years than for
the past ten. This fact, If 1t prove to
be well stated, Will be good news to the
residents of the corn belt, for coupled
with 1t Will be the certain advance in
value of all meat commodities of which
corn is the foundation.
Gloucester County Democrat., 1901-07-25
ICE CREAM RECIPE.
How to Make This Always weIcom
nnd DeIIcio0s Sweet.

ana Delicious Sweet.
Ice cream may always be bought,
but the process of making it is really
so simple and the cost so much less
that the ice cream freezer should be-
come an established household institu-
tlon. This recipe if carefully followed
is sure to give satisfaction: Separate
four eggs and beat the yolks with one
eupful OF sugar and a small pinch of
salt till quite stiff, and pour slowly over
them two cupfuls of hot milk. Now
put this mixture In the double boiler
and cook until it begins to coat the
spoon. Have the whites of the eggs
beaten thoroughly and add to them the
davoring of whatever kind you wish
and add to the milk and eggs, which
you have removed from the fire.
The next thing Is TO beat the whole
mixture steadily until it is cold, when
one-half pint of cream well whipped
goes in. and the freezing may begin.
This cream may be varied by the add
ton of chopped almonds Drowned in
caramel sugar. about one cupful of the
almonds being the right proportion. II
may be turned into coffee ice cream by
omitting the almonds and adding one-
half cupful of strong coffee just before
freezing, or, again, little sherry, va
nilla and almond may be used for fla
yoring, and some dry aud pounded
maearoons may be added before freez-
ing.
If maple sugar melted and hot is
used in place of the sugar in the recipe
and cooked in with the milk, the cream
becomes maple ice cream. In this case,
after the freezing, the cream should be
covered with Drowned and chopped
almonds
Gloucester County Democrat., 1901-07-25

Il, branch girded at a and injured at by
cankers; 3 same with dead bark removed 8,
typical canker]
limbs with the bark marked by pits
and scars bordered by concentric lines
and cracks-the cankers-and the long
sections of bare wood where the bark
has been destroyed are found in many
localities and on many varieties. The
same germ causes twig blight often
found in orchards showing little or no
sign of the canker form and also pro-
duces black rot of the fruit.
1t has been known that fungi very
similar to this one work on other trees
and shrubs. Tests made in 1900 prove
that this same species of fungus occurs
on apple trees, pear trees and hawthorn
trees and on apple, pear and ounce
fruits.
To cause the destructive cankers
which girdle the limbs the germs Of the
disease must get through the tough out
er layer of the bark into the growing
layer beneath, the cambium. An inju-
ry to the bark of some sort is necessary
to this entrance, for the fungous threads
cannot penetrate the unbroken bark.
Sun scald as well as mechanical abra-
sions may cause such injuries. The
bark is killed by the sun and frost and
cracks or peels, when the germ finds
ready entrance and rapidly extends the
injured area in canker form.
Sun scald or sunburn is a common
trouble in this state, probably more
common than generally supposed. espe-
cially on tender varieties. The long
areas of reddish bark ON the south and
southwest sides of limbs and young
trunks are inconspicuous when they
first are scalded and so escape notice,
but they are all too common and may
become the seat of serious harm to the
trees
Trees of tender varieties should be
protected from the direct rays of the
sun by training them to low, thick
heads which shade both trunks and
branches. Additional protection may
be given by coat of whitewash upon
the trunks, which helps to prevent abb
sorption of the suns rays and also ex-
erts a favorable influence upon the
bark itself A good mixture is:
Pounds.
Lime (unsaked) Observation-Disclosures. 80
tallow --.-.........--.-..........-
Salt ......-....-.-....-.......- D
Dilute with water enough to make it
spray easily.
In addition to the protection from
sun scald thorough spraying with bor-
deaux mixture and care to prevent ac-
cidental injuries make up the prevent
i've treatment The larger diseased
limbs may be saved from complete loss
by cutting them off back of the canker-
ed area and inserting cions of the same
variety.
Only few specimens showing eff
fects of this trouble have been found in
America. some coming from Nova
Scotia and a few from Cortland county
in this state. The cankers are unlike
those of the sph9ropsis and are caused
by different fungus. Nectria ditissi-
ma. They are well represented by the
Gloucester County Democrat., 1901-07-25
SHERIFF'S SALE.

Dated june 2I, 1901. y
Gloucester County Democrat., 1901-07-25
Essential to Dairy Success.

Let me first note some of the meth
DDS practiced by our most progressive
dairy farmers; then we may more cas-
lily understand the progress made by
the average dairyman, says a New
York correspondent of Hoard's Dairy
man. These are now well established
facts: To make dairying the most prof
table there must be a herd of well
bred cows-cows that have been bred
to make a maximum amount of butter
fat from the food consumed. They
must be fed balanced and succulent
ration, and as much as possible of this
must be grown on the farm in the form
of corn, grasses and the different kinds
Of grains and soiling crops. and In
winter the cows must be kept in warm,
light and well ventilated stables. These
are now recognized as the three main
essentials to success in progressive
dairy farming and are, to restate In a
word, good cows, good rations and COM
fort for the cows.
Gloucester County Democrat., 1901-07-25
HOW 10 Treat I.,nolcum

A point to remember in connection
with cleaning is that when hnoleum is
used as floor covering scrubbing
should rarely be INDUCED in. When
dampness gets underneath the linole-
um, the way has been found for its
speedy rotting. If well swept, wiped
over with merely moist cloth to re-
move all stains and polished every
once in awhile with turpentine and
beeswax, good linoleum has no wear
out to it, and, furthermore, 1t looks
well as long as 1t lasts. It is a good
plan to wipe it over with milk and wa
ter or with linseed oil once every week
or SO.
Gloucester County Democrat., 1901-07-25
GUERNSEY COW AND CALF.

ly have considerably exceeded this
amount had she been kept at home on
the farm under natural conditions. But
a campaign of nearly ten weeks at the
state fairs considerably reduced her
flow of milk.
This campaign was not without prof
it, however, as Dolly's Ada won two
first and three second state fair prizes
in the aged cow competition in 1900.
Her bull calf won one first and two Sec
OndS
Gloucester County Democrat., 1901-07-25
| nIgeterlna1N|

When horse is afflicted with poll
evil, the lump should be lanced, and If
any pus is in 1t cut 1t so that it viii
drain out thoroughly, and inject little
peroxide of hydrogen into the cavity
where the pus is as long as 1t forms.
then inject a little of the following:
Formaldehyde one dram. blchloride of
mercury one dram, dissolved In two
ounces of alcohol and one quart of wa
ter. Use this three times a day after
washing well with water and soap.
For Contracted Hoofs.
When a horses feet are contracting
and pressing on the soft structures of
the foot. pare the feet so that the frog
extends quarter of an inch or so be-
low the level of the wall at the heel. and
If much contracted rasp the walls over
the quarters thin and thin the sole till
1t yields TO pressure, especially along
the frog. and let him go barefooted. In
a month or six weeks he will get over
the tenderness.
When Hogs Are Sick.
Whenever q hog seems TO be sick, 1t
should be separated from the well ones
and rigid examination made TO find
the cause. Then the cause should be re-
moved. In case of infectious disease
this process should be reversed and the
we'll ones removed
Weak Eyes In Horses.
Keep dark shade over the eyes DUR
ing the daylight, battle the eyes twice a
day well In hut water and put few
drops, of the following lotion in the
eyes after the bathing with camel's
hair brush: -Four grains Of sulphatc Of
zinc. four grains Of morphine. ten
grains of cocaine and one ounce Of
water.
Gloucester County Democrat., 1901-07-25

end, and you have truck which will
carry barrel of produce or four bushel
boxes over any smooth surface with a
slight outlay of strength. 1t can be
used on barn floor and in many places
around a farm. BY laying a board
track it can be used to roll barrels of
potatoes, ETC., from the wagon to bin
in cellar. About all the cost of this
useful truck will be that of the three
casters. which will be 80 to 60 cents, ac-
cording to sIze.-Ohio Farmer.
Gloucester County Democrat., 1901-07-25
How 20 Ten GOOD ollvea.

Eminent physicians prescribe olives
largely for all sorts of nervous dis
eases, for indigestion and gastritis
They warn only against poor olives
which are far from healthful. A per.
feet olive is Of yellowlsh green tinge
hard, and when bitten the mouthful
is entire, not mushy or spongy. The
stone should have a pinkish color, and
the smell ought to be fresh and agree
able, says Good Housekeeping.
Gloucester County Democrat., 1901-07-25

and assimilative processes eaRt be hurried.
DR.. Pierce's Golden Medical Discovery,
cures diseases of the stomach and the asso-
ciated organs of digestion and nutrition.
The source of all physical strength is food,
properly digested and perfectly assimilated.
By enabling the perfect digestion and assim-
ilation of food Golden Medical Discovery"
increases and enIiches the blood supply
and sends new strength to every organ of
the body.
cI was at one time as I thought almost at
deaths door, writes Mr.. ]. S. Bell of Leando
Van Buren Co., Iowa. III was confined to my
house and part of the time to my bed. had
taken quantities of medicines but they only
seemed to feed the disease; but I must say that
Golden Medical Discovery has cured me, and
to-day am stouter than l have been for twenty
years. I am now forty-three years old"
FREE. DIR. Pierce's Medical Adviser sent
free to you on receipt of stamps to pay
expense of mailing only. Send thirty one
one-cent stamps for cloth bound book or
twenty-one stamps for paper covers to DR..
R. v. Pierce, Buffalo, N. Y
Gloucester County Democrat., 1901-07-25
1ALAKCEZ
M0A9.

IL every dairy farmer will plan to
of alfalfa and will try soy beans,
cowpeas, Canada peas, crimson clover
and any other nItrogenous plant suit
able to his climate and farm opera
tions, we shall see the beginning of the
solution of the protein problem and a
relaxation of the squeezing of the
trusts controlling the protein of COM
merce, says Pennsylvania correspond
ent of Hoard's Dairyman.
Then the farmer who knows 1t is
best and wisest to balance his ration
will do so from the fullness of his own
harvest, With the experiment station
of New Jersey, where they do possibly
as little guessing on practical farm
matters as at any station In the coun-
try, authority for the statement that
over six tons of alfalfa, almost equal
to as many tons of good wheat bran,
were produced last season per acre, DO
progressive dairyman has an excuse
for not having at least trial patch of
alfalfa.
Three tons Of cowpea hay can be
raised per acre on good ground, and If
one must have meal to supplement the
silage the cowpea hay may be ground
into meal and make as much milk as
its weight In best wheat bran.
Ten tons of soy beans can be cut
green to mix with the corn In the silo
from an acre or from 20 to 30 bushels
of seed harvested. This seed ground
to meal will give about three times as
much digestible protein as is found In
the same weight Of wheat bran and
three times as much fat as in corn.
BY devoting less range of pasturage
to the cows and practicing summer
soiling, or, better, substituting the sum
mer silo, fair proportion Of the land
heretofore used for pasture can be
utilized for the growing of some OF
these protein crops and next winters
ration not only be balanced, but tho
operation be performed without an un-
due unbalancing of the farmers bank
account.
Dairy Cow RatiOns.
Professor T. L. Hacker of the Min
nesota experiment station after nine
years experience gives the following
as to the best ration for dairy cows
Ensilage Is the foundation feed used
and the grain feed consists of five parts
bran, FIVE parts cornmeal and two parts
Of new process gluten meal, which con
tains 81 per cent protein, and the ra
tions are from five pounds to nine
pounds of this mixture, according tC
the amount of milk given. 1t general
ly takes three pounds of ensilage and
half pound corn fodder for every pound
OF grain feed. If cows flow of milk
drops off for some cause or other, he
increases it by feeding roots besides
the grain for q time and then holds il
by grain alone. incidentally he men
toned a COW which failed to breed fol-
four years which gave 800 pounds OF
butter fat the fourth year and seems
to intend to keep up that gait
Ration For Calves.
Fiaxseed meal is now too high to be
used with profit, says Professor W. A.
Henry. A little gluten feed or gluten
meal might be used instead. A mix.
ture Of one part each Of bran, mid
dlings and oats, by weight. should
prove satisfactory. Determine the bulk
of the feeds by weighing once and then
mix by measure. Do not allow the
feed to remain in the troughs between
feeds, but have the young things clean
up each allowance before the next is
given.
Gloucester County Democrat., 1901-07-25
Pointer For Goat Herders.

South Africa was the chief source Of
supply for mohair. having more Angora
goats than any other country. 1t is
now stated that the Boer war has re-
duced the industry fully one-half and
nearly destroy it altogether. AS there
is a heavy export duty on Turkish mo-
hair American manufacturers will have
to look for supplies nearer home. This
wind ought to produce favorable
weather for our southwestern goat
raiSerS.
Gloucester County Democrat., 1901-07-25


the ground may be graded to carry all
water from rains and melting snow
away from the building. On this foun-
dation lay the first frame, which may
be doubled if desired and secured by
bolts set in the wall. At each corner of
this frame and In the middle set up
blocks 10 inches long and on these
build the next frame. setting it exactly
above the first On this second frame
set up other blocks upon which to build
the third frame, making these blocks
long enough to space these frames two
feet from centers. Continue on in this
way. adding frame above frame, in
creasing the distance between, until at
the top they may be four feet or even
more apart. These frames for pits not
exceeding II feet on a side may be
made of 2 by 8 inch stuff. Above IA
feet use by 10. Use spikes freely.
When the third frame is in place.
commence to stay lath and brace. If
the outside is to be covered with clap
boards, drop siding or ship lap, nail on
one inch Turing strips. This will leave
a space for circulation of air from top
to bottom In summer and prolong the
life of the silo. Use building paper I'M
der the siding.
Finish the interior with two thick
nesses of boards, with best quality of
tarred building paper between them.
The first course Of boards may be of
cheap lumber and should be put on
diagonally, each board constituting a
brace The second lining should be
free from sap and loose knots and
made of narrow boards. We do not
consider matching necessary, but many
use stuff that has been tongued and
grooved.
Leave openings for taking out the
silage where most convenient.
These openings are not closed with
doors, but with boards cut in lengths