davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The age-herald., 1901-10-20
..QUEEN OF THE AUTUMN-THE CHRYSANTHEMUM..

adopted as a national emblem. In one country she was chrysanthemum indi- cum. in another her distinguished name was sinense. and elsewhere coronarium, but under whatever name she was al- ways of royal lieage and enthroned in the hearts of the people.
 Of the physical transformation of her floral majesty we know much, because much has been accomplished within the last century The oriental mind has a leaning toward the fantastic and the grotesque. Witness the statues and the dragons in bronze and Ivory from China and Japan. This racial bent found vent in the training of the chrysanthemum. In Japan the florists had the fancy of making colossal things of the beautiful blossom They were used to fashion the figures of mythological characters, in the making of which bushels of flowers were used. Benkei, the Japanese hercules, was @ favorite figure in yellow and white for the flower festivals of the gentle pigmies. Even the gods were not too sacred to be decked with the national emblem, and native women found merit in the public eye by covering themselves with the golden coronas on festal occasions. The Chinese bound and trained the flower to force it into likenesses of dogs, dragons,
The age-herald., 1901-10-20

I attempt It.
 Most frequently. nowadays. the patient himself gives the word to amputate or
 not to amputate. The surgeon tells him
 that there may be chances of blood poisoning and death in trying to save
 limb, but that there are chances against | 1t. And the patient chooses Antiseptics have made amputations
 simple. Ordinarily the patient Is out of
 the hospital in three weeks, and may be
 wearing an artificial leg or arm inside l of six weeks. This depends largely upon
 the sensitiveness of the stump to which
 an arm or leg is attached.
 The nose is one of the difficult mem-
 bers to simulate in hard rubber. The
 ear in connection with wig, Is easy to restore For the superlatively difficult operation on nose and ear, however that
 of restoring these members by the pro-
 cess of flesh and skin grating is first. Putting in a silver skull plate for the
 protection of an exposed brain Is a simple
 operation. To put metal larynx into a
 mans throat, supplying the powers of
 speech. is not so easy. This operation us-
 ually is made necessary by cancer, though a gunshot wound might call for 1t.
 In a hundred ways a man may be patched by artificial means. An artificial thumb or finger is comparatively rare,
 though they are readily made Two
 reasons are given for this First, that
 the loss of a digit Is not a serious em- barrassment. Second, that in the case of
 accident, where a finger is simply cut of,
 the disposition of the severed parts to unite Is so well recognized that prompt measures may save the finger In the suburb of Austin a few years ago a little girl of was playing with d sewing machine and in whirling the fiy-
The age-herald., 1901-10-20

comes to us with the pompous Greek cognomen befitting her high station. She comes front he realms of far Cathay, and in her veins flows the blood of an ancestry whose fountain is lost in the midst of ages long gone by. Whence sprang this royal race man knows not. As far back as history has crawled there have been Mime. Chrysanthemnms ruling in the Middle Kingdom, in the Land of the Morning Calm. in the Land of the Rising Sun and even in the Kingdom of the White Elephant. Whether China, Japan, Korea or Siam bore the first yell low daisy which has been transformed in the ages into the Golden Glory of to- day-who can tell? Dioscorides found bright yellow daisies bordering the paths and roadsides of Greece a century or two after the passing of Christ. To the Greek physician the roadside daisy was but a flower and its color yellow or gold. hence the name chrysanthemum compounded of two Greek words mean ing yellow or golden flower.
 What poetical names and legends this queen of the golden tresses must have inspired in the oriental imaginationl And yet in what dense darkness occidental visitors have left the western world of these fancies! It is true that Kaempher, who wrote of Japan in 1712, spoke of a
The age-herald., 1901-10-20

small England had another chance in 17e6. when some red chrysanthemums were received at the Royal Gardens of Kew, but the florists failed to appreciate their opportunities. and the strange wis., itors had to struggle for existence along old lines. with little hope of added glory.
 The great development of the chrysan- themum began about 1885. when the British gardeners began an earnest effort to cultivate her acquaintance Her royal highness responded noble to these ad- vances, and in a few years there was a new cult in Great Britain. Its follow CTS were able to hold an exhibition at Norwich about 1s4S. which spread the fame of the chrysanthemum's beauty, and new societies were organized in va rious parts of England. Among these earliest enthusiasts was florist named Salter, who in a few years had 400 va- rieties, which he increased by 1860 to 750
 About 1S46 attention to raising seedlings became general In that year Robert Fortune brought back a new stock from the East, which he called the "Chusan Daisy" There is a pretty story that on a subsequent visit to Japan he secured a chrysanthemum from the rolay garden of Yeddo by means of bribery, and that he only succeeded in passing an inspec-
The age-herald., 1901-10-20

began the real experimental work in con- trolling temperature and humidity in ice chambers. He patented process of con- struction in 1858. Large sums were effer- ed for the use of his patents in New York and other states, but he didn't &C., oept them and met with ultimate loss.
 In 1865 a distinct improvement was made by an employe of Fulton Market firm in this city by which mixture of salted Ice was placed in V-shaped gall vanized iron tanks which were suspended from the ceiling. This method allowed the holding of poultry and game at low enough temperature to preserve them for some time. Of this MT. Taylor says: This appears to have been the nearest approach to the modern cold-storage es- tablishment prior to the introduction of mechanical refrigeration"
 According to the author of the article, Jacob Perkins of London in 1884 invented an ether machine which was the fore runner of the compression machines of this day. In 1850 Carre in France invent ed the amonia absorption process by which at the Paris Exposition in 1867 he made six tons of ice a day. Other in ventors got at work quickly on the new idea and new machines kept appearing almost every day. Mechanical refriger-
The age-herald., 1901-10-20

pagodas. ships and other common ob- jects.
 In many respects the Japanese garden CTS excel the western brethren in the development and growing of plants, but 1t remained for Europeans and Ameri- cans to bring Queen Chrysanthemum to her highest state of magnifcence. She has reached her crowning glory in the last half century, and nowhere does she now reign in greater splendor than in the United States. There is a record that she first visited the Netherlands in l6SS, but 1t is not well substantiated. She made her entrance into England in 1764, and was assigned residence in the bo- tanical garden at Chelsea, but she had only a small yellow bloom at that time, and her finicky moods were so strange to her western guardians that she failed to improve even after an acquaintance of several years.
 It is asserted on authority that her majesty's triumphal career in the Oc- cident really began with her arrival at Marseilles in 17So. She found congenial climate and soil in the neighborhood of the Riviera, and M. Blanchard, her host, attended her with the most solicitous care. Three colors were represented in her retinue, which was comparatively
The age-herald., 1901-10-20

tor at the ship wharf by again covering the willing palm with silver.
 Mime. Chrysanthemum was firmly en- trenched in the affections of small body of Americans about thirty years ago through the efforts of Philadelphia so- ciety, which brough her from England and made her the central figure of an annual reception. In those early years the effort was to raise a large number of blossoms on a single bush. Floristi succeeded in growing bushes fifteen feel in circumference and bearing flowers by the thousands.
 E New York held its first show in 1886. and Uncle John Thorpe, now of Chi- cago, made a display which took every first prize in the forty-eight classes. MT. Thorpe had long been an enthusiast, and two years before this memorable vic- tory had read a paper before the New York Horticultural Society prophesying the coming glory of the chrysanthemum.
 During the past fifteen years the de- velopment of the yellow queen has pro- gressed with little interruption. The blossoms have grown larger and larger, the petals have been trained Into strange forms, and new shades have ben intro- duced. Chicago has played her part in this work, and the varieties are now numbered by the thousand
The age-herald., 1901-10-20
Effect on the Fruit SC 4
 x S Trade of the Country

refrigerator car service in the Mississip- pi Valley and Gulf regions F. A. Thom- as Of Chicago joined MT. Earle in 1887 and they revolutionized the business, pro- viding a thorough service with special cars under one management
 Strawberries were first transported by them to the Chicago markets from Ten nessee The next year they shipped them from Florida. Some of the cars were early taken to California and in June. 1888, carload of ripe apricots and cher. rles was taken from Susun, Cal, to this city without re-icing. In 1859 Mir Thom- as went after the Michigan peach crop with two big steamers. especially fitted up with cold storage plants.
 Development after that was rapid. In 1888 the company which MT. Thomas or ganized had sixty cars. In three years it had 600. There are now fifty or more different private car lines and many of the railroads operate specially made cars. An estimate of the number of re- frigerator cars places it at 6O,0O0. On the ocean steamers corresponding progress has been made in cold storage Mir Taylor says that the most promising feature of the export outlook is for in- creased shipments of American apples and oranges.
The age-herald., 1901-10-20

ation soon became a real fact to be reck- oned with. The transportation of fresh meat from Australia almost revolution ized the Australian meat trade.
 In the early 7os mechanical refrigera- ton was extensively applied to the chill ing of meats in this country and in 1878 a Greenwich street firm in this city fitted up a building for the cold storage of fruit. About 1881 a Boston company started 8 big building on the same plan. In 1878 the Western Cold Storage Com pany of Chicago opened a warehouse in which In 1886 a semi-mechanical system was introduced. Fruit was stored in that house from it's opening.
 Ever since 1890 there has been a mark ed yearly increase in the number of cold storage warehouses in apple-producing regions, new houses with @ capacity of from 10000 to 50,000 barrels being built every year. The number of the fruit storage houses was estimated in March of this year to be 600 with a total capaci- ty of 50,O00,O 900 cubic feet. The total esti- mated capacity of all of the cold storage houses. including meat storage places, is 50,000,000 cubic feet.
 Of the summer fruits, such as berries, peaches, plums and early pears relative ly small quantities are stored except in
The age-herald., 1901-10-20

variety of the chrysanthemum as the kik but surely there must have been something more romantic than ''xik' in the folklore of the people who could sur round holy Fuji-yama with such beauti- full legends. The paradise of wistaria and cherry blossoms must have been rich in stories of the Golden Glory. Not only Is the chrysanthemum the national flower of Nippon, but the open siot cen petaled variety has long been an impe- rial emblem of the mikado. The pedals of the glorifed daisy were chased on the sword guards of the ancient Samurai. and were embalmed in one of the seals of the realm long before the shogun ran his usurping course.
 No less highly honored was the chry- santhemum in the Flowery Kingdom of the Asiatic continent. It's very form inspired a type ofiarchitecture which was embalmed in enduring material ages ago. and one of the highest Chinese honors is conferred with the "order of the Chry- santhemum" Even the Hermit King dom paid loyal homage to Queen Chry- santhemum from the earliest times, and her annual festival is one of the greatest os the national holidays. In Siam, too, she held such high sway inf the esteem of the people that her blossom was
The age-herald., 1901-10-20

Even oranges and lemons were carried abroad with difficulty, and no longer ago than 1871 there were. according to an au- thority, only half dozen fruiterers in London. As transportation facilities were increased the trade grew rapidly so rap idly indeed that over-production set in and was not relieved to any great extent until refrigeration both for storage and transit was perfected, or nearly perfect ed
 Some of the most remarkable work of refrigeration as a means of preserving fruits has been shown to all visitors at the Pan-American Exposition, where grapes, apples and other delicious things were kept sound, fragrant and edible for months.
 The records of early attempts at re- frigeration, says MT. Taylor, are ex- ceedingly fragmentary, but enough is said by the ancient writers on the sub ject to show that ice and snow were stored by the early Greeks and Romans in pits protected from the sun The ice and snow, however, seem to have been used more for cooling drinks and foods than for retarding the decay of perisha- ble fruits. Other chemical agents were probably used as early as 1907. Fahren-
The age-herald., 1901-10-20

heit used an ice-and-salt mixture in 1762. In this country ice was used early and trade in it developed in the eighteenth century to some degree.
 In 1799 a man in Charleston, s. C., char tered vessel to convey load of ice out in New York to Charleston and in 1905 the brig Favorite took 13O tons of ice from Boston to the Island of Martinique for use in yellow fever epidemic. The shipment was a total loss, and a similar shipment to Havana in 1910 was failure; but after the war of 1872 MT. Tudor of Boston, who made the shipments, ex- perimented some more, and built up O large trade in the South Atlantic and Gulf states and later in South America and Asia.
 By 1884 American ice was shipped to the West Indies, Rio Janeiro, Ceylon, Cal cutta, Bombay, Madras, Batavia, Manila, Singapore Mauritius and Australia. This trade continued until about 1880, when very short ice crop in New England, in conjunction with the growing use of practical ice making machines, gave an impetus to the making of artificial ice in the tropics. This killed the importa- tion of ice into these regions.
 MT. Taylor says that the Rev. BenJa- min M Nyce of Decatur County, Indiana,
The age-herald., 1901-10-20

the event of a glutted market Of later fruits, such as Bartlett pears, single houses in the western part of this state have sold as many as 25, 900 barrels at one time. In this city the quantity some times reaches 40O0 barrels.
 Apples are stored in immense quanti- ties, that fruit being stored more than any other because it is so generally liked and is easily kept without losing It's nat ural appearance and flavor. It is esti- mated that 1,225.000 barrels were stored last year
 Even more important than storage of fruit growers in some regions are facili- ties for transportating fruit in sound con- dition for long distances. Ordinary freight cars were early found of no use for long shipments. Ventilated cars were then used and they met with some suc- cess. Then the shippers began to make experiments for chilling the cars in transit. The first patents for refriger- ator car was taken out in 1867 by J. B. Sutherland of Detroit. Many early ex- periments were failures because of the inability of the shippers to replenish the ice in transit.
 To Parker Earle, then of Golden, H., MT. Taylor gives the credit for the great CT part of the work in developing the
The age-herald., 1901-10-20
Use foy the Hulzs of Cotton SeeM.

so weak as to be innocuous to the fibre sufflces.
 My process in detail is as follows: first treat the bran or huls with the vapor of liquid hydrocarbon, such as naphtha, in suitable digester which is in cycle with a vapor generator. The vapor as generated Is carried, prefera- bly, into the top. or upper part of the digester and forced downward through densed and dissolving, and carrying away with it the oils, fats waxes and gums Is contained until these have been entirely removed from the material, be- ing carried from the digester into the generator. where they accumulate, the hydrocarbon itself being continuously vaporized and passed through the mass until this step is complete. Hot air is then preferably forced through the ma- terial in order to free it from any re- maining traces of hydrocarbon. The ma- terial is then removed from the digester and placed in another digester, and there
The age-herald., 1901-10-20
7he Cost of Rebasrsmg e Mam.

@ CCORDING to the Illinois stat
 /AN utes. a dead man is never L0A worth more than '5oOO to his ~~ heirs who may wish to bring suit for criminal negligence. If he can be pulled through after railroad wreck, however. he may recover $19. 9.632.12 for some internal injury winch only expert testimony can make plain to a jury.
 And yet. allowing for moderate charges upon 8 man of moderate salary. it is mighty hard to put more than $2565 worth of repairs on an injured man, allowing for all the expenses incident to calam- ity. As to the artificial members possible, $555 will cover the cost in almost any case that escapes the coroner. Added to this. however, are surgeons fees, hos pital fees, loss of time and the bills of druggists and physicians.
 Taking these figures. there is no ma- teral reason why a man who can be patched up so as to fill a dress suit &C., ceptably should cost even as much as a dead man to defendant company. A steamboat can blow up, and if only life can be kept in him long enough he can be repaired in a way to deceive almost anything but life insurance company.
 Figuring that an ordinary workingman gets $2O week, that his system is in shape to recover in normal way from the surgeons knife, and that he is ca- pablo of paying all bills connected with his case an ordinary man, the victim of a chain of calamity accidents, might fig- ure on an itemized bill as follows:
The age-herald., 1901-10-20

UEEN Chrysanthemum' once
 N more glorifies Birmingham l"I with her royal presence. She
 NS is proud, but bashful beauty. She comes with a noble retinue srrayed in robes of green. and wearing crowns of burnished gold, of imperial purple, of celestial white. At first 1t is but fieeting glimpses that republicans catch of these blue-blooded visitors as they sit enthroned in bowers of flowers and foliage behind plate-glass windows The queen of the Orient, with hauteur in her high-held head. but smiles in her open face, looks out upon the passing show day by day, and receives the hom- age of countless adorers. With better ac- uuaintance she will deign to honor the parlors of private citiens and taste to the Full the sweets of adulation.
 Golden flower is the English of the htle of the Queen of the Autumn. Chry- santhemum is the Greek form of the title Xix Is an ancient Japanese name. But under whatever high-sounding name she may be hailer ruler of the floral world during her annual sway, she is daisy.
 No common visitor is this beauty which
The age-herald., 1901-10-20

treated under pressure with weak caustic solution until the hulls or she'll like portions are disintegrated and sepa- rated from the fibre, after which the mass is removed and the fibre thoroughly washed to free it of the alkali and other matter While the strength of such caus- tic solution, the degree of pressure em- ployed, and the period of treatment may all be interchangeably varied within cer- tain limits, I prefer to use solution of about per cent of caustic soda under a steam pressure of about 60 pounds, con- tinued for period of about four hours After the fibre has been washed 1t may be and usually Is bleached by ordinary methods to the desired degree of white ness.
The age-herald., 1901-10-20
@ CCORDING to the Illinois stat /AN utes, a dead man is never '-\ worth more than $50O0 to his @SN heirs who may wish to bring

Ordinarily the amputation of a limb today gives the surgeon no concern what ever. Still he puts it off as long as is possible. His mission is to save tissue, not to destroy it, and only when an ann putation is absolutely necessary does he >-~-~>-<<-<>-~<<>->-> daughter of MT. and Mrs. Hickson Field.
 The Princess is reported to own the most aluable collection of jewels in the world. She owns the jewels of the ill., fated Queen of France. Marie Antoinette
 Her jewels passed into the hands of the Duchess of Berri. oonsort of the heir to the French throne, after the Bourbon restoration. The Prince was murdered and the Duchess married her Neapolitan chamberlain. bsqueathing all her jewels to her eldest daughter.
 This daughter became the wife of Prince Camille Massimo.. Postmaster General to the Pope and father-in-iaw of the present Princess Massimo.
 The Princess is an attractive woman, A years old. with very charming per- sonalty. Although her life has been passed in the atmosphere of the Italian courts and among the great people of Europe, she is herself an ardent Amer ican.
 There is bit of romance connected with her husband which proves him 2
The age-herald., 1901-10-20
SMuus NNmaN OMsu


fact, which was discovered by MT. Ma riotte. mark two little circles upon a sheet of white paper at the distance of four inches and look at the left hand cir cle with the right eye at the distance of about eleven or twelve inches, taking care to keep the eye straight above the circle and the lines which joins the eyes par allel to the line which joins the circles.
 When this Is done, and the left eye closed the right hand circle will no longer be visible. The same effect will be pro- duoed if you close the right eye and look with the left eye at the right hand circle
The age-herald., 1901-10-20

ever, giving anything like an image of the object from which the light proceeds.
 When the objects are white spots upon the black ground the white wafer abso- lutely disappears and the space which 1t covers appears to be completely black. and as the light which illuminates a landscape Is not much different from that Of white wafer. whether one or both eyes are used a person would expect to see a black spot or a dark spot upon ev- cry landscape within fifteen degrees of the point which most particularly at- tracts our notice.
The age-herald., 1901-10-20

The image of the invisible circle has fal- len on the base of the optic nerve or the place where this nerve enters the eye and expands itself to form the retina. This point Is shown in the figure above by conversity at the place where the nerve enters the eye.
 But, though light of ordinary intensity makes no impression upon this part of the eye. a strong light does, and even when candles are highly luminous bodies are used in place of a circle the body does not wholly disappear, but leaves be- hind faint, cloudy light without how
The age-herald., 1901-10-20

hbsoIute1y blind.
 If you look with the right eye this point Is always about fifteen degrees to the right of the object which you are view ing or to the right of the axis of the eye or the point of most distinct vision. If you look with the left eye the point is as far to the left.
 In order to be convinced of this curious
The age-herald., 1901-10-20
pue 6urIs

What good does 1t do you to associate with those Swannigum boys?" said Tom my's mother, sharply. 'They are low, dirty and ignorant. Do you get anything from them but slang?'
 'Yes'm," replied Tommy, wiping his nose with his coat sleeve "Fleas."