davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Arizona daily citizen., 1901-08-19

winds. trc men of the Amalgamat-
ed Association find the public on
their side. Their right to strike
for the maintenance of tho union
principle is no more to DO disput-
ed by Mr. Morgan on grounds of
reason than is his right to organ
ize tho Steel Trust to be disputed
by thom, They are seeking to do
in the field of labor precisely what
ho and his fellow -millionaires have
dono in the field of capital join
forces for mutual advantages.
Mr.. Morgan is making an un-
pleasant spectacle of himself, and
one that cannot but greatly reduce
the current estimate of his caliber
as n business man. An insolent
refusal to arbitrate puts Mr.. Nor
gan entirely at the mercy of public
opinion.
Arizona daily citizen., 1901-08-19
THE ENGLISH ARE SORE.

A dispatch from London pub,
lished in a New York paper, says
that Bourke Cochran was publicly
snubbed in the lobby of the Brit
ish House of Commons few days
ago by Col. Arthur Lee, lately
British Military Attache at Wash
ington, because he welcomed the
Boer delegates to Washington"
Mr.. Cochran took the snub with
the polite forbearance which the
occasion called for. He knows, as
does everyone else on either side
of the Atlantic, how great was this
loyal Britisher's provocation to
forget his veneer of good man
ners.
1t is only human nature that
Englishmen of the Government
party should be in n perpetual
state of ugly irritation over the
South African War. The Govern
ment was trickcd into the war, and
it will be sayagely called 10 ac-
count before very long. Indeed,
it has only escaped because the
British people feel that the EN-
pire is in danger and that a united
front is necessary.
The war is costing about mil
lion dollars Il day and the lives and
health of thousands of British sol
diers. 1t has put into mourning
nearly all the families of the rul-
ing classes. 1t has demonstrated
the offensive weakness of the Brit
ish Empire. And the end is not
even in sight of the eyes of hope.
Britons are hardly to be blamed
for supersensitiyencss on the sub
jcct of the South African War.
Arizona daily citizen., 1901-08-19
THE STEEL TRUST STRIKE.

The third week of the great
strike begins with the men much
stronger than they were at the
outset. Professor Ely's descrip-
ton of n strike as Il civil war, is
peculiarly applicable to a strike of
the magnitude and the national
importance of the one now in the
United States Steel Corpora
ton.
If this mighty war is permitted
to go on the results cannot be but
disastrous to both sides. AS in all
wars where the principle at stake
is not clear, vital and in mortal
jeopardy, the inevitable final bal
ance sheet shows at best gain for
one side pitifully and worthlessly
small in comparison with the loss
of either nominal gamer or NOM
inal loser.
Greater far than even the vast
direct losses to be tn sides are in
direct losses to the people at large
who are forced to suffer, though
thoy may have neither dircct part
nor direct interest. To war OF
this kind Franklin's maxim seems
to apply with almost its full force
There never was n good wal
nor a bad peace"
The Amalgamated Association
has reason to be grateful to }
Pierpont Morgan. He has had
the folly to. offend the public sense
of fairness. Apparently this en-
inent financier, this organizer oI
trusts, this welder OF railroad ant
steamship systems, has permitted
his hat to become too small for hi
hitherto able head. Instead o
meeting a critical business situa
tion with the collncss, good humo
and diplomacy OF a first.rate bust
ness man, he allows the vanit.
bred in inferior minds by opulcnc
and power TO put him on exhibi
tion as an insolent, domineerinI
plntocrat in vulgar passion.
Mr.. Morgan, in his present tenn
per. IL he were a striker instead O
an infuriated multi-millionairt
would be yelling Scab!' at non
union men, .stoning the window
OF mills, listening favorably TO an
archists extolling the merits q
dynamite AZ a solvent Of the socis
QFoblcm.
Through their own wisdom i
ndoning q wrong position. an
tho conduct of Mr.. Morgan {
ING calmness and moderatio
niness principles to til
4 f n a
Arizona daily citizen., 1901-08-19

Phone 208l for messenger and parcel
delivery service to an, part OF city linn.
its l0c. Pioneer Transfer Co. 77-1mo
For rent in Los Angeles for August
and September, an elegant modern house
completely and handsomely furnished,
in choice location. Ten rooms, front
and back porches. lawns and flower gar
den, chicken yard. gas range of beet
make. Rent $50 per month. Inquire
at or address 1887 Alvarado street, Los
Angeles, Calf. 10 If
Arizona daily citizen., 1901-08-19
They Struck II Rich.

1t was a grand thing for this COM
munity that such an enterpriaing firm
as l.. Ieckendorf ~ Co. and Geo. Mar
tin secured the agency for DR.. Kings
New Discovery for Consumption, the
wonderful remedy that has startled the
world by its marvellous cures. The
Juror of enthusiasm over it has doomed
their business, as the demand fos it il
immense. They give free trial bottles to
sufferers, and positively guarantee it to
cure Coughs, Colds. Bronchitis, Asthma,
Group, and all Throat and Lung Trou.
bles. A trial proves its merit. Price
SOC and 81 90.
Arizona daily citizen., 1901-08-19

AN American physician who has
been doing Red Cross work with
the Boer army has returned with
tho assurance that the English
are as far from victory as they
were a year ago The English
have at length found a match for
their bulldog tenaoity.
Arizona daily citizen., 1901-08-19
Unqualified Endorsements.
September 25, 1900.

September 25, 1900.
II affords me pleasure to commend in
the most unqualified way 1.-The History
of Our Country" by Professor Edward
5 Ellis, which you have just published.
The text. the logical arrangement and
the illustrations are all worthy of the
most sincere praise. congratulate you
in advance upon the great success Won
will certainly have with a work of such
merit. copy of il should be in every
home, as well as in every library Of the
land. Very truly yours, etc
SENATOR ]. B. FORAKER.
Arizona daily citizen., 1901-08-19

IT is said that tho great corpor-
ate magnates of Arizona are not
favorable to Statehood If these
gentlemen desire to put themselves
in opposition to the desires of the
people Of Arizona, it is time il
were definitely known.
Arizona daily citizen., 1901-08-19
For Sale

Eighty head of high grade Belgian
iiares nearly all full grown, with hutches
pens, feed and water dishes, known az
the Suffolk Rabbtry and situated on
Samaniego's Ranch four miles North OF
Tucson. What offers? Address W. A.
Wright. l.. O. Box l52 Tucson, Arizona.
II
Arizona daily citizen., 1901-08-19

had such a tired feeling and such
a poor appetite, and when ! went to
bed slept only about two hours at
a time. l got a bottle of Favorite
Prescription and by the time had
used two bottles I felt so much
better that I continued until I had
taken eight bottles of 'Favorite
Prescription and one of Golden
Medical Discovery and now I am
SO we'll that my friends remark how
we'll am looking. Igo to bed now
and sleep till morning. My appe-
tite is splendid and that tired feel
ing hasmieft me. I hope others
will do as l did-give DR.. Pierce's
medicines fair trial."
Arizona daily citizen., 1901-08-19
Some University Lots.
We Will Convince You

That we have the largest and best To-
Gated lots in the Sonth Side University
addition of any around the University.
Our lots are 80 by lUO feet Main avenue
is 30 feet wide and quarter of mile
long. All lots have two street fronts, a
view Tor fifty miles on three sides, can
not he obstructcd by dwelling. We are
building and want little cash. Now
is Your time. We will sell few lots
call at No. Sc Occidental Hotel Block
Meyer st. G8-lmo +. A. DRAKE, SR.
OIL location blanks for sale ut
the Citizen office
Arizona daily citizen., 1901-08-19
For Sale

a good ranch 4 miles below town
suitable for a chicken ranch or dairy,
fenced and improved. l60 acres or so
acres, as you choose. Low price and IA
vorable terms. Address F. A. Drake,
Sr p. O. Box S04 or Occidental Hotel.
Meyer street, Tucson 8l-30dys
Arizona daily citizen., 1901-08-19
To Save Her Child.

From frightful Disagreement Mrs.
Mamie Gaileger. of LaGrangc, Ga, APP
piled Bucklen's Arnica Satve to great
sores on her head aud face. and writes
it's quick cure exceeded all her hopes.
1t wor ks wonders in Sores, Bruises, Skin
Ernptions, Cuts, Burns, Scalds and
Piles. 25c. Cure guaranteed by l..
Zeckendorf & Co., Wholesale, and Geo.
Martin, retail, druggist.
Arizona daily citizen., 1901-08-19

THE warm season is liable to be
protracted far into the fall. Gen.
Alger's book relating to his ad-
ministration of the War Depart
mont will not appear until the last
of September.
Arizona daily citizen., 1901-08-19

Mas. CARRIE NATION is being
sued for a divorce by Mr., Carrie
Nation. Reformers have always
been proverbially hard to live
with.
Arizona daily citizen., 1901-08-19

JEFFERSON believed in govern
ment by the people Hamilton
believed in a Federal monarchy
modelled on the British system, In
which do you believe?
Arizona daily citizen., 1901-08-19
For Sale

A Rider hot air engine and pump No.
10 Oarge size) in good order and the
cheapest power known; a cooking stove
will run it and boy can feed it.
4. A. DRAKE, Sr.,
77-lw Occidental Hotel Block, Meyer st.
Arizona daily citizen., 1901-08-19

able party service deserves, but
they can never bring tho rank and
file to sustain n desertion of the
Fundamental Democratic princi-
pie.
Arizona daily citizen., 1901-08-19
phaeton and lIarnes, for Sale.

A phaeton and harness. almost new,
can be purchased on very reasonable
terms, at the "Club Stables" 78-tf
Arizona daily citizen., 1901-08-19
Here Are the Conditions.

These
o epopuato Of thep
Of
thirty days the esetis eiyerd,
o fdentuI
months o June
Guarante mechanical
h
il
Ito
When gand
embehmen the back
Arizona daily citizen., 1901-08-19
What a Tale Il Tells.

II that mirror of yours shows q wret-
ched, sallow complexion, a jaundiced
look, moth patches and blotclles on the
skin, it's liver trouble but DIR. Kings
New Life Pills regulate the liver, purify
the blood, give clear skin, rosy cheeks,
rich complexion. Only 25c at l.. Zeck-
endorf Il Co., wholesale and Geo. Mar
tin, druggist, retail.
Arizona daily citizen., 1901-08-19
LAriat Lost

Between the "Clnb Sta bles" and San
Navicr Hotel, or the latter place and
Hotel Orndorff. liberal reward will
be paid for its return to the 'Club
Stables"
Arizona daily citizen., 1901-08-19
Wanted Ia Rent.

A small house furnished or partly fur.
nished, or part OF furnished house, by
September LIST. Apply to A., care OF
The Citizen. 95-tf
Arizona daily citizen., 1901-08-19
:COntentS.-


the Norem of the
to oMact4
yndthe
Nohsry
printed battle andNa
pntdy
a artment
geand dincol
edandco
fnte
hitorypu lsLed
cd wiub rfunded
Arizona daily citizen., 1901-08-19
For Sale

A well fed, well bred, well trained,
docile burro. Apply at The Citizen Of
fee. Si-tf
Arizona daily citizen., 1901-08-19
For Sale

A nearly complete set of household
furniture cheap. Address Box 342, City.
76 7Q
Arizona daily citizen., 1901-08-19

am much pleased with the
set OF books. | take pleasure
in recommending them to those
who wish an excellent, np-to-
date History OF Our Country.
JAMES ID. GRAHAM,
Superintendent of Schools.
Pasadena.
Arizona daily citizen., 1901-08-19

While out driving don't forget West
Congress Street Gardens, the place to
get all kinds OF cold and refreshing drinks
and nice, cool private rooms with ac-
commodati0ns to suit the public in gen.
eral. 53-tf. J. FITZsIMMoNs,
Arizona daily citizen., 1901-08-19


Ellis @
the ennmber Of
cnes has beer nedJ few
d
ss from limited Luxoe edio Of five
onand dtbeu
has sappearsl din the las ten
Arizona daily citizen., 1901-08-19

Spanish and piano lessons by compel.
ent teacher. Terms moderate. 33 w.
Jackson st. 9aI-tf
Arizona daily citizen., 1901-08-19
Brief Local Notes.

Newest picture mohlings-Brown's.
Arizona daily citizen., 1901-08-19

Artists supplies-Brown's art store.
Evening star., 1901-06-03
To Consolidate Salvation Army.

The Cleveland Leader says: 81. ID. Haz-
ard. financial secretary of the colonization
and social settlement department OF the
Salvation Army, is authority for the state
ment that secret negotiations are being
carried on looking to a reconciliation be-
tween Gen. William Booth and his son Bal
lington. Father and son have been es-
tranged for five years, the son having in
the meantime organized the Volunteers or
America. The cause of the estrangement,
according to Mr.. Hazard, was the refusal Of
Ballingtop Booth to submit to the order or
transfer from the United States to Canada.
'If the reconciliation is effected, il Will
mean Ballington's return to the Salvation
Army. and probably result In the abolish
ment Of the Volunteers Of America and itp
af1liation with the Salvation Army"
Evening star., 1901-06-03
SUBURBAN PROPERTY.

| FOR SALE-L HAVE SEVERAL MOE HOMES IN
| Anacostia cheap: ami; large lots also 107t
| investment houses good condition, %. 800
| je3-3t WILLIAM Is. ELLIS. 525 11th NV
Evening star., 1901-06-03
OCEAN CITY, MD.

OCEAN CITY, MD.-THE LINDEN COTTAGES
now open. Directly ON beach. lst-class board;
large rooms. For Particular apply 10 PAUL 4
HANSON. Ocean CITY. liz Franklin st. W..
BALTIC. ny2E-Sets
Evening star., 1901-06-03

We nave several new houses with modern I'M
ntS in good locations which the will
exchange in part for desirable lots. either in the
sn!ur's or the city. One party will take some
Chicago or Buffalo property.
B. II. WARNER co.
J''SJ 9l6 NV.
Evening star., 1901-06-03
North Chesapeake Beach,
1,4S5 yards from Railroad Station.
Own a Cottage by the Sea.

One hours ride from business 10 Beach
Some OF the advantages offered by this beautiful
resort:
A strictly residential salt water resort. within
thirty miles OF the National Capital
broad sand beach equal TO the hest.
Fine bathing within a few feet OF the shore.
Large lots fronting wide avenues with fine
shade trees. -
Unsurpassed fishing grabbing. boating aud dris.
Ing
Artesian wells furnishing an abundance NJ pure
water have been contracted for. Fresh vegciabI
fruits poultry and creamery products obtainsble at
much less than city prices. Hotel, pleasure club
and a number OF cottages have been built or are
being constructed. Lots 80 by 15o, fronsing Oh
wide avepues, from $4,000 to $3.50 90 Buy eafly
and secure choice location. Lumber for luIldifR
delivered ground at 80 per thousand. +
visit will prove all the above claims. Take a daS
of from the Of life. see and be convinced
Take wagonette at station and interview land
agent ON the grounds.
For further info ma tion spply to
THE NORTH CHESAPEAKE BEACH LAND
AND IMPROVEMENT COMPANY
my2S-26t 612 st. NV.
Evening star., 1901-06-03

FOR SALE-LoOK AT THIS House
Nj ST BE SOLD Al ONCE
REI,jCFD To 81. 15o.
Fhea!"St house in the city for home or invest
ncnt: rents for So Il month
1fnI North Capitol st.
Fronts on j circle park; 2 stories. cellar
fuIaa.c: tiled bath; reception hall CAN BE
1NSPEt Et7TED ONLY By PERMIT
STONE & FAIRFAX sos & Sus F st NV
ie1-2t
Evening star., 1901-06-03

WILL STORE YOUR GOODS OR FURNITURE N
my storage house at 81 per load per month;
central location. 72S 18th st. ii. R0SENB ERG.
my1-tf
Evening star., 1901-06-03

kE\SINGTON
One of the most desirable properties in Ken
sington; Srm dwelling 2 acres of ground, COW
cred with shade fruit trees and shrubbery Easy
terms. MARTIN BROS,
lea ct 1q25 PA
Evening star., 1901-06-03
FOR SALE-HOUSES.

FOR SAFE -BARGAIN-1I-ROOM HOUSE; SPI,EsN-
DID cOrdition: l square from Scott Circle lot
TiSxl36 TO paved alley; price, $500. W. ].
HOPKINS, 7l3 14th -. 1t.
Evening star., 1901-06-03
AUTOMOBILES.

BEFORE PURCHASING YOUR AUTOMOBILE
Jet Us demonstrate the Autocar, absolutely the
best motor carriage the MARKET guarantee
given BY the manufacturers Washington Agents.
4 A. ADAMS q CO.. TT 18th st. NV. m5l-tf
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1901-10-03

and enriches the blood and builds up the
body with sound, solid flesh.
-Your kindness TO me / never forget"
writes Mrs. Josie f. Clark, of Enterprise Shelby
Co. Mo. rf cannot express half my feelings OF
gratefulness to you. ] had despaired OF ever
getting we'll. / had been in bad health for
twelve years. Had aches all through me, numb
hands, cold feet, and everything ate distressed
me: bowels constipated, was verv nervous, de-
pressed aud respondent In fact, can't express
half my bad feelings TO you. When first wrote
to YOU thought could never be cured have
taEea six bottles Of Dr. Pierces Golden Medical
Discovery and my health is now good. You
have my honest Recommendation TO all suffer
ers think there is no medicine in the world
as good as Dr. Pierces."
If constipated use DR.. Pierce's Pleas
ant Pellets. They cure constipation,
biliousness and sick headache. They do
not produce the cpill habit"
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1901-10-03

II had long suffered from Indigestion, f"
writer q A. IeDeit, G lar Ci'y. Nc" Like
others tF'el msny preparations but never
found anything thst did me so,d until /
took Kodol DSspepis Cure. One bottle
cured m. friend who hsd sufe ed SINH
lsily ut on the use OF Kodol Dyspepsia
Cure. He is gaining fsst and will soon ! c
sb to work. Before h4 used Kodol Dyt-
p ,psis Cure indigestion bad made him totsl
wreck. For sale by Z. s. Leadbester q
Snna
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1901-10-03
FOR OVER FIFTY YEARS.

AN OLD AND WELL-TRIED REM
EDY.-Mrs. Winslow's Soothing Sy-
rup has been used for over fifty years
by millions of mothers for their chill.
dren while teething, with perfect
success. 1t sOOthes the child, softe s
the gums, allays all pain, cures wind
collie and is the best remedy for Di:
arrhea. Is pleasant to the taste. Sold
by druggists in every part of the
world. Twenty-Five cents a bottle.
It's value is incalculable. Be sure
and ask for Mrs. WinslOw's Soothing
Syrup and take no other kind.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1901-10-03
IL Happened in a Drug store.

II hdppcueu HI DfuS SlOTO'
'Ole day last winter lady came to
my drug store and asked for brand OF
cough medicine that / did not have In
stock" says Mr. @. Z. Grandln, the
popular druggist oil Ontario, N. Y. "She
was disappointed and wanted to know
what cough preparation could recon-
mend. l said to her that could freely
recommend Chamberlsin's Cough Rem
edy and tbs, she could take bottle Of
the remedy and after giving 1t fair
trial II she did not fi0d 1t worth the
money to bring back the bottle and l
would refund the price paid. In
course OF day or two the lady came
back 10 company with a friend iD need
OF cough medicine and advised her to
buy bottle OF Chsmberlain's Cough
Remedy. l considered that very
good recommendation for the remedy"
The remedy ow es it's great popularity
and extensive sale 10 large measure
to the personal recommendations of
people who have been cured by its Uss.
1t is for sale by Richard Gibson.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1901-10-03

the use of siomlzers IN applying liquids in o
the nassl pas ages for Catarrhal troubles tho
proprietors prepare Ety. Liquid Cream Balm.
Price including the spraying tube is 76 rents.
Druggists or by mali. The liquid embcdies
thu med cipal properties OF the solid prepara-
tion Cream Balm Is quiIkIy absorbed by
the membrane and does not dry up the secre.
tiors but changes them to d nstoral and
healthy character. Ely Brothers, So Warren
at Y
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1901-10-03
FOB A MEMORIAL BRIDGE.

A letter from the New York Tribune
says: Brigadier. General John M. Will
son, retired, former chief of the Corps
of Engineers, is an earnest advocate OF
the pre- ect, jast suggested, OF build NJ
Mckinley Memorial Arch to the
Washington end of the proposed
Arlington Memorial Bridge. 10 die
cussiDg the matter last Wednesday
General Wilson recalled several inter-
vie ws between President Mckinley and
himself relating to the Arlington
Bridge, one 10 particular, in which the
President, when asked to suggest an
appropriate name for the bridge, said,
"Lst it be a monument to American
patriotism " ut would seem now,"
continued General Wilson, THAT no
greater opportunity could be presented
TO the country to make one grand me-
mortal to the President than by having
q magnificent arch, built by the public.
at the Washington end OF this great
bridge, and let the whole be known as
the M ,Kinley Memorial Bridge.
In arranging to obtain suitable de-
signs for the bridge, after an appro-
pristion of 5000 had been made for
that purpose, l suggested to the Presi.
dent that four of the leading architects
and bridge engineers OF the country be
requested to submit designs, and that
each be paid a small sum toward their
expenses 10 the matter out of the
amount available. This plan was ap.
proved, and 81, 200 was set aside for
that purpose. The competition was in
vited and plans secured. These, in
turn, were carefully gone over by
board consisting of three officers OF the
engineer corps OF the army and two
local architects.
"One OF the plsns-that of Professor
Burr--wss selected, with slight mod.
ficstious, and the matter was presented
to Congress at the last session for an
appropriation to begin the construc-
ton, but, as is we'll known. delay was
occasioned by the submission of plans
by private parties.
at was before the plans bad been
submitted that l was discussing the
matter OF the bridge with the Pres
dent one day, when l asked
bin what his idea was for the
bridge. I told him there bad been
a great 10 sny names suggested. but that
one was needed which would cover the
whole aud satifg every one He raised
his hand, and looking at me said: Gen
eral, let 1t be monument to American
patriotism
"a few days ago was speaking to
distinguished Southerner who had
known Mr.. Mckinley we'll and had
seen bin shvrtly before he was shot. at
that time, my informant said, he had
told the President that he had done
more to bridge the chssm and smooth
over the breach between the North and
south than had any other living man.
The President replied that this bad
been bis earnest, heartfelt wish. He
wanted to do everything possible to-
ward that object, and said 1t was bis
hope completely to establish most cor.
dial relations between the two sections
of the country during bis service"
Ia closing. General Wilson said:
"With this grand arch as memorial to
our beloved President, with q memor-
ial bridge to the memory OF American
patriotism and with boulevard con-
meeting the Virginia side with the home
OF Washington. we would have a grand
tribute to American manhood and
craftsmanship"
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1901-10-03

The established alton this firm handling
a opportunity
class merchandise at very much under value.
sold
speedily possible the prices made crrespondngly attractive
AS the sale absolute retiring from business the terms made
positively CASH
acket desires to thant the loyal friends the
its business existence ia Alexandria their
and promptne their general relations with him. and
that confidence the settlement Of all
and feeling assured that words apology needed
ing up the stock n absolute cash basis.
chance buy and below cost FINE MATTINGS
At and below FINE CARPETS
At and below OIL CLOTHS and RUGS.
and below cost BLANKETS, DOWN QUILTS and COTTON
QUILTS.
below large stock of LACE CURTAINS. POR-
THERE'S, &c.
below cost all stock of FINE TOWELS TABLE
LINENS
At and below cost FINE DRESS GOODS SILKS &c.
tandbe BLACK GOODS.
At and below cost large stock ofiWHITE.QUILTS
below cost FINEIL RIBBONS and EMBROIDERIEs
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1901-10-03

SNAKE BITES KILLED 24,000-The
number OF Hiodoos killed by snake bite
10 Iodis 10 1899 was greater than Eog-
lands total losses through the Boer
war. The official statistics just Issued
show "a, 169 deaths from snake bites.
The total number Of deaths in lndis
from wild animals that year was 27,-
$50, the highest since statistics have
been collected Tigers killed S99 hu-
man beings, while 9S.6S7 cattle were
destroyed by different animals. Eigh,
teen thousand eight hundred and
eighty-seven wild beasts were slain and
and 80 .291 poisonous reptiles.