The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1901-09-29
Anarchy.

~-~~~~~~N~~|o-~-~~N-~~~-~-No
Syracuse, N. Y. Post-Standard.
Anarchists became a definitely constt
tuted party in 1876 In October of that
year a congress of those persons leaning
toward certain revolutionary principles
was held at Berne. Switzerland, when
their social theories were reduced TO their
most simple and final expression.
Inc doctrines comprise two distinct
conceptions. The first is negative. in
volVlng the destruction of existing con-
oltlons The second is affirmative and
implies Individual independence. Feux
Ouoots mas epitomized the tenets of the
negative doctrines as follows: There ia
an end OF property; there is an end of All
distinctions of state, and there is an emf
| 70 the state The affirmative doctrines
| are thus outlined: Do what Won nIease
and. everything is everybody's
Anarchy was founded and organized bv
Frlhee Michael Bakounine, a Russian.
| VINO early left his native country ana
started upon stormy career. Three
times he was sentenced to be executed
! TOT revolutionary conduct in as MANY
| countries. but the most extreme penalty
| imposed upon him was In 1852 when he
| was banished to Siberia.
| III some way he got out of the land or
exile and in 1861 appeared IN London
four years later the International AS
Sccktlon OF Workers was organized.
| $3.50 Ioi the STUDY OF economic
proolefnS. Bakounine had little faith in
the organization and made no effort to
| ioentiIy himself with the movement
alter little he realized that capitaI
noulo De made out of the association. bur
1t was too late for him to get the CHER
pidce' Tor that was already held by Ka,,
MARX However, the Russian wished 70
| be admitted to the organfzation NIarw
oelng suspicious of him. prevented hts
erection In 1858, but the next year saw
better success for Bakounine and he po,
d resolution of his drafting adopted by
ne congress of the International in face
| OF the opposition of Marx
I FROM that time on it was q str,o,,,,,
between Marx and Bakounine. and if was
| continued until 1873 when. at tbe siytb
congress of the International, held AT
| GENEVA Marx was overthrow and a
GEAR road opened for the DEVELOPMENT of
| bakounlne's ideas, involving the denial N
| all authority -
baKounlne died in 1876 In October of
tne same year at the Berne cong1 ess the
| IDEA OF violence as q means of spreadino
the principles of anarchy was first pro-
mulgated by two Italian delegates. In
the following April a revolution broke
out in Italy and the two delegates tn
the Berne conference headed parties
| which destroyed archives and seized arms
ana money, which they distributed among
| the people.
From that time the principles and tao
tics of anarchy have been definite. At
nearly every one of the annual congress-
es the need of violence has been en-
phasized This doctrine bore fruit in
| 1881, when an attempt was made upou
| the life of Alphonso XII
The anarchistic movement gradually
| extended and attracted official attention
through individual utterances and the ap-
Of,
| rests and trials of anarchists became nu-
merous throughout Europe
In Austria the movement became es-
pecially strong. In 1887 fifteen of the or
der were tried in Vienna for preparing
and secreting explosives, and all but two
| were convicted and sentenced to varying
| terms of Imprisonment.
| 1t was during a strike in Chicago that
| the famous Haymarket riot of 1886 occur
red, in which eighty police officers were
! injured, and as a result of which eight
| anarchists were arrested and all but one
| condemned to death. Though there are
today many reds in Chicago, they have
changed wonderfully since those dark
days fifteen years ago. Police Captain
! Schuettler, of Chicago, who knows the
! conditions more intimately than any other
man on the force in that city. says in
comparing the anarchists of today with
| those of 1886:
| But they are not the same kind Of
men. Fifteen years has worked a vast
| change in the personnel of the anar-
chists. 1t hasn't in their theories for
these are always the same-to overturn
government and kill the representatives
of constituted authority"
One of the reasons fer this change is
! that many of them have moved to other
! cities, while others have changed their
| views One of the reasons given ~ the
| captain for the change in many of the
old groups the local divisions are
! called, is the opposition of the wives
! of some of the members to the doctrines
The objection of the women is that their
| husbands are frequently kept out late
| nights that they are called upon to ire
/ quent saloons, and that they spend much
| money which is needed for the support
| of the family. Capt. Scnue -,4er esti-
| mates the number of Chicago anarchists
at about 5000. not more than 200 of whom
| are persistent in advocating the assas-
sination of high officials.
| 1t is important to note that the anar-
| chists of today are credited with be-
| ing on higher plane intellectually than
/ those of fifteen years ago. They now
| include molderS machiniStS, carpenters,
| patternmakers and workers in trades IN
which the wages generally are good.
This is in keeping with a general rule
| frequently pointed out by writer's on So
GEOLOGY, namely, that on the whole work
! ers in sedentary trades seem most dis
| posed to accept anaTchistic doctrines and
that the majority of anarchists are
either men who are alone wnile at work
or whose occupation isolates them for
| the time being from their companions.