davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1901-06-05
OIaa Assessment Notice .

THE 14TH ASSESSMENT of 21sqo or
SOC. per share has been called to be due
and payable June Goth, 1901.
THE 18TH ASSESSMENT of 21sqo or
SOC. per share has been called to be due
and payable July Goth, 1901.
THE 18TH ASSESSMENT of 21s86 or
Soc. per share has been called to be due
due and payable August Goth, 1901.
Interest will be charged on assess
ments unpaid ten (10) days after the
same are due at the rate of one per
cent. per month from the date on
which such assessments are due.
The above assessments will be pay
able at the Office of the B. F. Dilling-
ham Company, Ltd, Stangenwald
Building.
ELMER e. PAXTON,
Treasurer Olaa Sugar Company, Ltd.
Honolulu. II. H., May 3. 1901.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1901-06-05
Kihei Assessment Notices.

THE 18TH ASSESSMENT of 5 per
cent or $3.50 per share became due and
payable January End, 1901 and bears
penalty from February End, 1901.
The thirteenth and final assessment
of per cent or $3.50 per share on the
stock of the Kihei Plantation Co., Ltd,
has been levied and will become due
and PAYABLE on the 18th day of June,
1901. Interest bearing after the 18th
day of July, 1901.
The above assessments are payable
at the offices of Alexander & Baldwin,
Ltd, Judd Building.
]. P. COOKE,
Treasurer Kihei Plantation Co.
Honolulu, May IS, 1901.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1901-06-05
NOTICE.

At a special meeting of the share
holders of the Ookala Sugar Plantation
Co. held this dav the following officers
were elected to serve out unexpired
terms, viz:
James F. Morgan, Esqr., President
vice r. McKibbi- deceased.
John M. Dowsett, Esqr., Vice-Presi-
dent vice ]. N. Wright, deceased.
E. F. BISHOP, Secretary.
Dated Honolulu, May 18th. 1901.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1901-06-05
CIVIL SERVICE MEN COMING.

WASHINGTON, May 26.-Chief Ex-
aminer Servon of the Civil Service
Commission left here tonight for Homo
lulu, via New York. where he and Civil
Service Commissioner RodenbaIg, who
will join him en- route to Kansas C'ty,
will look into the civil service n la
wall. They expect to sail from IAN
Francisco on June 9Th, reaching Homo
lulu about the 14th, and during the fol-
lowing two weeks an opportunity VIII
be given citizens of the United States
residing in Hawaii to be examined for
a number of positions in the classified
service there and at Washington. Ha-
wall is entitled to fifteen appointments
in the apportioned department service
in Washington, and five in the appor-
toned Government Printing Office. A
number of other offices are also to be
filled.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1901-06-05
HIS LIFE SAVED.
BY Chamberlain's Collie, Cholera and
Diarrhoea Remedy.

81 am sure that Chamberlain's Collie
Cholera and Diarrhoea Remedy at one
time saved my life" says A. Il. Lafa-
lette of Gregory Landing Clark coun-
that the doctors said ] could not live.
that the doctores said l could not live.
When / was at the lowest ebb, one of
my neighbors brought in a bottle of
Chamberlain's Collie, Cholera and Diar-
rhoea Remedy and / took it and got in
slant relief. l soon got up and around.
That was nine years ago and ] am still
in good health. Since then that medi-
cine has always been in my house and
always will be. 1t is the best in earth"
For sale by all dealers, Benson, Smith
& Company General Agents, Hawai-
ian Islands.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1901-06-05
How is your Wind7

II you are short OF breath; II your
heart futters or palpitates; IL you
have pain in left side or In chest; IL
your pulse is irregular, or you have
choking sensations, weak or hungry
spells, faiDting or sinking spells, re-
member, DR.. Miles New Heart Cure
is especially adapted to remove Just
that class OF disorders 1t is a heart
and blood tonic which strengthens
the heart, purifles the blood and
gives new life to the weak and weary.
"Shortness of breath, severe palpi-
tatiOn and smothering spells disabled
me for any labor. After using three
bottles of DR.. Miles Heart Cure l
was entirely relieved of distress and
from that time on my recovery was
rapid" A. @. PAYNE,
Morgantown, Ind.
DR.. Miles Heart Cure is sold at all
druggists on a positive guarantee.
Write for free advice and booklet td
DR.. Miles Medical Co.. Elkhart. Ind.
The man who comes to his WORK IN
the morning with headache, who
suffers all day from dizziness, drowsi-
ness or nervousness, or who losses
restlessly through sleepless night
should seek the quieting, power
producing help of DR.. Miles Nervlne.
"a few minutes work would make
me so nervous and exhausted that l
trembled and could hardly stand
alone; but after using DR.. Miles
Nervine for six weeks l could work
full time and felt hearty and stroug."
w. A. MATTHEs, Appleton, Wis.
DR.. Miles Nervine is sold at all
druggists on a positive guarantee.
Write for free advice and booklet to
Dr.. Miles Medical Co., Elkhart, Ind.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1901-06-05
CATCH ONLY COLDS.

The bill in the Arkansas Legislature to
make fishing on Sunday a misdemeanor
has been indefinitely postponed. The
statesmen, perhaps reflected that a
great many men who go e~hing on Sun
day do not catch anything.-St. Louis
Post Dispatch.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1901-06-05
CORPORATION NOTICES.
SPECIAL MEETING.
HAMoA PLANTATION COMPANY.

A special meeting of the Sharehold-
ers of the Hamoa Plantation Co., will
be held at the office of c. Brewer & Co.,
Ltd, in Honolulu on Monday, June 10,
1901, at o'clock a. m.
E. f. BISHOP,
Secretary.
Dated Honolulu, May q, 1901.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1901-06-05
HAWAIIAN is BUNCoED.
Adam Gunther is Fleeced in San
Francisco.

Francisco.
SAN FRANCISCO May 29-Adam
Gunther a wealthy young Hawaiian,
came sadly to grief last Sunday as a re-
suit of a meeting with two bunco men.
The matter was referred to Captain
Seymour yesterday and the detectives
are now looking for the sharpers.
Gunther has been staying at the
Golden West Hotel and there he met
two men with whom he became init
mate. Gunther drew $4,000 from the
Anglo Californian Bank and loaned
$4,000 to one of his new-found friends.
In return he was given a check for 3d.
UUU on Honolulu bank. He was in
vited to a card game at 81 Grant ave-
nue. and was there heeced out of $500.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1901-06-05

OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS.
Charles M. Cooke. President
y. G. Jones'. .............V ice-President
=. H. Cooke. .......... ....,...... Cashier
f. G. Atherton..... Assistant Cashier
Henry Warehouse, Tom May, F. w.
Macfarlane, e. D. Tenney, ]. A. Nc
Candless.
Solicits the Accounts of Firms, Cor
poratlons, Trusts, individuals. and will
promptly and carefully attend to all
business connected with banking en-
trusted to 1t. Sell and Purchase For
eign Exchange, Issue Letters of Credit.
SAVINGS DEPARTMENT.
Ordinary and Term Deposits received
and Interest allowed in accordance with
rules and conditions printed in pass
books copies of which may be had on
application.
Judd Building, Fort Street.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1901-06-05

Wash Goods
15c INDIA LINENS 121kc YARD.
rs pieces of White India Linen was
15c per yard now............. 12Rc
17hc INDIA LINENS 15c YARD.
so pieces of White India Linen was
171Rc per yard now.............. 15c
25c INDIA LINEN zoe YARD.
40 pieces of White India Linen was
25c per yard now. zoe
45c PERSIAN LAWN S5c YARD.
25 pieces of White Persian Lawn
was 45c per yard now.......... 35c
1Oc STRIPED DIVINITY 8 1-3c YARD.
10 pieces White Striped Dimity
light weight 10c yer yard now 1-3c
121Sc STRIPED DIVINITY 1Oc YARD.
10 pieces White Striped Dimity,
heavy W light, 12hc per yard
now '''''.s''''' ...'s' ss''.'..''' lUC
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1901-06-05
BISHOP q co.

HONOLULU, ID. 1.
San Francisco Agents-The Nevada
National Bank of San Francisco.
DRAW EXCHANGE ON
SAN FRANCISCC-The Navada Ma
tional Bank OF San Francisco.
LONDON-The Union Bank Of London,
Ltd.
NEW YORR-American Exchange Ma
tional Bank.
CHICAGO-Merchant National Bank.
PARIS-Credit Lyonnais.
BERLIN-Dresdner Bank.
HONGKONG AND YOKOHAMA-The
Hongkong and Shanghai Banking
Corporation.
NEW ZEALAND AND AUSTRALIA
Bank of New Zealand.
VICTORIA AND VANCOUVER-Ban
of British North America.
TRANSACT A GENERAL BANKING
AND EXCHANGE BUSINESS.
Deposits Received. Loans Made on
Approved Security. Commercial and
Travellers Credits Issued. Bills OF Ex-
change Bought and Sold.
COLLECTIONS PROMPTLY AC-
COUNTED FOR
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1901-06-05
Observation-Disclosures
a FEW OF QUIZ BARGAINS.
Wool Dress Goods pepartment.

Black Alpacas St.25 quality per
yard .............-... ..fI.W
Black Alpacas $3.50 quality per
yard ......... .................... LIN
Fancy Wool Skirtings, 56in wide
$500 quality ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. 1.50
Fancy Wool Crepes to close at cost
price.
Department.
zoe OPEN STRIPE 15c YARD.
10 pieces Open Stripe Dimity, extra
value 20c per yard now....... 15c
soc CHAMBRAY 25c YARD.
10 pieces Chambray in Pink Blue.
Red and Lavender SOC per yard
now ......... .................... zoc
15c ZEPHYRS 12Ac YARD.
40 pieces of zephyrs in stripes and
plaids the very latest, 15c per
yard now .......................l 2hc
121sc GINGHAMS 1Oc YARD.
1900 yards Bingham in plaids and
checks 121ac per yard now.... Ice
Csc ORGANDIE zoe YARD.
500 yards Organdie in stripes and
figures neat and natty designs
25c per yard now.............- zoe
NOOnS FORT STREET
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1901-06-05

Interest allowed after July 1st, 1900
on fixed deposits; day notice Q per
cent, (thls form will not bear interest
unless it remains undisturbed for one
month"; month per cent; 6 months 81
~ months, 4 per cent.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1901-06-05
BISHOP B CO.
savings Bank

Until further notice, Savings Depos-
It's will be received and interest allow
ed %. this Bank at four and one-halt
per cent per anaur,
Printed copies Of the Rules and Reg
ulations may be obtained on sppllcG-
ton.
ONCE at Bank building on Merchant
street.
BISHOP A. co.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1901-06-05
THE
THE
BANK OF Hawai-
LIMITED.

Incorporated under the Laws OF the
Territory of Hawaii.
PAID-UP CAPITAL 5000, 900
RI SERVE $4,000
UNDIVIDED PROFITS I2I,564
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1901-06-05

COLLECTIONS PROMPTLY AC-
COUNTED FOR.
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1901-05-19

Pinch all linen cream Scotch Damask,
heavy enough for hotel use. An CO.
Sc Damask at ........-.........,....SO G
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1901-05-19
Danask

5s-hlch beached Union Damask-that is.
TT cotton-regular 45c grade, 90
at OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES. - - y
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1901-05-19

5 Fl
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1901-05-19

Moss Rose soap, cake .......-.s......... 1c
Keep Clean hair brush. bristes mount
e3 in aluminium ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 15c
Wire hair brush 1919 --....--.......-.. &c
Good size bristla brush -...--............ &c
Goodyear rubber comb with large.
long teeth. the ideal ladies' comb -... SIC
Aluminium combs do not break nor
tarnish 10 --.-..-.-.-.....-. 15c
Metal back horn comb .-...........--... lee
Large hair curler .------.-...........-. Sc
Kid curriers' --..----.--..-..-.----.... 90
silver polish box ..---.--..--...-.-...-.... Sc
Sperm machine oil -.----.......-..-......- Sc
Household ammonia .---..----............ &c
Aliens Talcium Powder .-...-.......... Zoe
"No Name" talcum powder ---.-.-.-..- sc
Violet water. per bottle .-........-.-... sc
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1901-05-19
One Pound
1isceHaneous

One pound of irish linen writing IL,
paper. ruled. per pound. ........-... ! ~
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1901-05-19

Per Psso 5.s saa "a oo'oas envelopes. 12c
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1901-05-19

We've every thinkable thing you can
mention IL this department and many
yUu never even thought Of Take an
hour OF. a GAY off and look through
u Anr......-n. d.
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1901-05-19
Cream Danask
Notion Section

54-inch Cream Damask, always 0H
sells at soc; now -...................E- =
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1901-05-19
BIeached Damask

so-inch bleached all linen DamasE, sew
eral choice patterns; regular Sc AZ
quality. Special price .--.......... r W
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1901-05-24
THIS WHALE A FIGHTER.
Wrecked Two Boats, Killed the Fourth
Mate, Wounded Sailer, aud Lived.

Wrecked Two Boats, Killed the Fourth
Mate, Wounded a Sailer, aud Lived.
Writing from Chill. March 5, Richard
f. Smith, first mate Of the Boston whaler
Josephine, tells of a whale that put up
the stifest fight Of the century for a
whale, killing the fourth mate of the Jo-
sephine. well-nigh killing a sailor, utter
ly destroying one boat, and partially
wrecking another. then going off victo-
rious, bristling with irons" that had
been plunged into its body during the
bloody struggle.
The whale was first attacked by the
first mates boat. AS quickly as he felt
the blow Of the iron he accepted the chal-
lenge and assumed the offensive. Max
ing flying start for the boat, he caught
the blubber hunters mapping. They had
just time to swerve their boat away.
Finding himself avoided, he turned and
rushed again upon the boat, this time
succeeding in hitting it with jaw or
6ukes.
Smith was thrown into the sea, but
was quickly rescued. The whale made a
third rush, and again hit the boat hard
enough to punch hole in the side. The
fourth mate and crew came on the scene
at this juncture, and the whale charged
upon the newcomer. There was brisk
round, ending in victory for the whale.
The huge head. backed by the many tons
Of fighting flesh and BONE crashed upon
the boat in an unguarded moment and
scattered its enemies in a shower of oars
and chips and men. All were saved but
had sunk during the mixup. One of the
crew received serious injuries and was
later placed in hospital at Peruvian
MORT zssse ~. ST. NJ sS fss5I.5sss -
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1901-05-24

Following the example Of the German
government, the French military authori-
ties are planning to use the entire auto
mobile strength Of the country-52S6 We
hicles, according to the latest tax lists
in the event Of the breaking out of hos
tilities. The war Office will fix in ad-
vance the prices to be paid for the We
hicle, but in the event Of actual pur-
chase a second valuation will be made
to account for any deterioration that
may have taken place. The general
staff has expressed preference for COW
cred or closed vehicles. 1t is intended
at present that these automobiles shall
be utilized by the transport service, but
their employment in other branches Of
the service is only a question of time,
and it is highly probable that before long
the proprietors Of. motor cars will be put
on the same footing with respect to the
military authorities as the proprietoys
of horses.
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1901-05-24

\ translation Of an article in Berlin
publication regarding German enterprise
in Central America has been received al
the State Department from Vice Consul
General Murphy at Frankfort, Germany.
The article sets forth that fully $1O.O0O,-
700 Of German capital IS invested in Cen
trail American enterprises, and German
plantations occupy an area Of 100000
acres. 1t is also stated that large Ger
man business houses in Nicaragua, Qua
temala and Costa RIGA control, in addi-
ton to the entire traffic between Ger
many and Central America, almost the
entire foreign trade of the FIVE republics
with England and California. The ship
ping trade, also, along the Central Ameri-
can coasts is to large extent in German
hands
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1901-05-24
PRIZES FOR PHILATELISTS.
Error of the Printer Makes Sheet o,
Buffalo STAN NJ Valuable.

Two-cent stamps buffalo exposition
series) worth considerably more than
their face value may he the sequel to a
blunder said to have been made by the
Bureau Of Printing and Engraving al
Washington. These stamps are in two
colors, being the first of that kind issued
since 1869, and, according to philatelists,
anything odd about them immediately en-
hances their value.
1t is said that one sheet. containing
100 stamps, was reversed before being
run off, thus causing the Empire State
express to be printed inverted within the
red border. They are likely to become
known as the train upside down
stamps and as there are only 100 of
them in existence collectors already are
looking for them.
The sheet was not noticed by the au-
thorities at Washington, and the story
goes that it was sent in the ordinary
course Of business to Brooklyn, where it
was placed on sale. A manufacturing
firm bought ten of the stamps. and in
stead of recognizing their value, wrote to
the department at Washington complain
ing of them, using one Of the stamps in
transmitting its letter of protest.
Thus the fact came out, and an enter
prising philatelist at the capital at once
set about trying to secure as many of
thin as possible. He secured four by
paying a Brooklyn man 500 each for
them. A stamp and coin company is also
said to have secured two of the stamps.
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1901-05-24
Talkative Irish ornmoners.

Mr.. Balfour, the other day, made a
good deal Of the fact that already this
session the Irish members had, between
them, delivered eighty-four speeches.
The House had then sat for sixteen days,
and this gives an average of but five
speeches a day; not an extraordinary
number considering that many of them
were made in committee of supply, and
were quite short. If Mr.. Balfour will
throw his memory back to the early sos,
when, as member of the Fourth party,
he was graduating in the school Of par
liamentary obstruction, he will find that
things were very much worse. In the
session Of 1881, which lasted altogether
154 days, among the Irish members,
Tim" Healy ATTRACTED the attention Of
the speaker or of the chairman OF COM
mittees on 591 occasions; Mr.. Bigar,
456; T. ?: O'Conner: 800; Mr.; Par1ell,
A. NJ. Sullivan, 224; Mr.. O'Donnell,
POI; Mr.. Leamy, 1873; Maj. Nolan, 166;
Mr.. Dawson, 1856; Sir J. McKenna, 1875;
Mitchell Henry, 119, and Mr.. Finigan,
116. Thus 1898 speeches were delivered
by fourteen Irish members alone.-Lon-
don Chronicle.
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1901-05-24
PRESERVING HEALTH IN AGE.
Principles Which Must be Recognized
by Those Who Would Grow Old,

HE1HctpAeS "nlca Must be Recognized
by Those Who Would Grow Old.
Infancy and old age are frequently re-
ferred to as analogous states. In point
| of fact, they are much more nearly oppo-
SITES. Infancy is the expanding, rapid
ly-developing period, while old age is a
time when the tissues shrink, as it WERE
to accommodate the lessening vital
forces. 1t cannot be said that all per-
sons reach old age at 20, although by
that time the majority of people find it
necessary to curtail their activities.
The signals which indicate a need for
tightening the load upon the vital forces
as old age comes Oh are usually unmis-
TAXA BILE. There is decreased capacity
for work. The heart-beats are weaker
the muscles and joints less flexible
Acute diseases are more to be feared. 1t
is not uncommon for the aged to recov-
er from serious injuries and from severe
attacks Of illness, but such recoveries are
not the rule.
One of the important questions con-
nected with the hygiene of old age re-
lateS to the degree to which one should
modify ones previous habits of life. 1t
may be said positively that all sudden or
directiy-reversionary changes are to be
ways walked as a daily habit would he
unwisc to give up the custom completely
because of having passed certain birth
day. In thersame way it is seldom ad-
visable to abandon even the cares Of
business entirely. lest the seeking for
something else with which to fill the gap
! thus created should be unsuccessful.
Extremes of all sorts are so many dan.
gers to be avoided. A certain elasticity
of muscle, bone and blood vessel is lack
ing, and as q result the system is unfit
ted for sudden strain. A strenuous life
can no longer be pursued with safety.
Severe trials of muscular and mental en-
ergy, even severe trials of temper, are
out of place.
must be needed. A simple, easily digest
ed diet should be the rule. To say that
the aged require less food than at. former
periods would be unnecessary, only4that
a diminished appetite in old persons is
sometimes regarded by them as serious
symptom, and one to be struggled
against.
Not infrequently it is found advanta-
geous in later life to take food in small
amounts and at short intervals. 1t will
be observed, also, that lowered vitali-
ty calls for more sleep as q means of pre-
serving the brighter qualities of the
mind.
While heavy cares are properly shifted
from the shoulders of the aged, it must
be remembered that interest in life is
largely maintained by virtue of a help
full attitude toward others, and that to
insist that the aged member Of the house
hold shall do nothing is a mistaken kind
ness.
While the amount Of work which may
he done is curtailed by advanced age, in
stances are not lacking to show that the
quality Of mental labor performed is not
necessarily 1owered.-Youth's Compan-
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1901-05-24

A Berlin correspondent writes that the
German public is again demanding more
stringent laws against the adulteration
Of wine, which has lately been very prev
alent. Wine merchants of repute, who
ought to know better, buy the pure wine
from the peasants, and out of one barrel
they make five or six by watering and
the addition Of deleterious adjuncts. Most
of the doubtful and deteriorated wine is
exported to England, to her colonies and
to Russia. Formerly it used to go to
America, but wise legislation there has
partially stopped it. The Rhine and
Moselle wine merchants are terribly
afraid that their nefarious trade may be
interfered with, and numerous meetings
are being held for the purpose of Great
ing parliamentary majority against the
proposed anti-adulteratiOn law.
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1901-05-24

The United States geological survey
has just sent to the printer an interest
ing monogram on the bauxite fields OF
Arkansas. 1t is the work of Charles
Willard Hayes, who recently returned
from an extensive investigation in the
field there, and who has now gone to
Cuba to make researches into the miner
al deposits that can be turned to CONNER
cial account. The interesting feature in
the monogram to be issued lies in the
fact that the author points out that
other bauxite fields in the United States
are nearly exhausted, and hence the dis
coveries Of deposits in Arkansas indicate
that it soon will be the principal source
of supply for the country. The bauxite
is used in the production of aluminium,
but to a greater extent in the production
Of number of by-products.