davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Blackfoot news. (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1891-1902, 1901-02-27

Many animals doctor themselves, and
among our domestic animals, the dog
and cat probably claim first place. Both
at times eat medicine plants as emet-
les, the dog selecting spear grass and
the cat showing preference for vale
rian, marum and catmint. They vary
their treatment with an occasional dose
of ashes and cinders. just as the croco-
ollie. lizard and some birds swallow
gravel and stones to counteract TT OF
Indigestion. Both practice personal
cleanliness as a preventive. and their
unfailing habit Of licking bruises. cuts
and wounds to keep them In the condi-
ton most favorable to healing Is q
familiar characteristic. The elephant
uses his trunk cleverly In dressing
wounds and by this means applies
water, mud or dust to the injury.
Fierce carnivorous animals, when
trapped, frequently act as surgeons.
and bite through limb to free them
selves. and the salt ticks are regularly
resorted to by the deer and other herb
ivorous animals to keep themselves in
health.
Blackfoot news. (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1891-1902, 1901-02-27

A famous scotch colonel tells The
following story In his "reminiscences:
A young sahaltcrn Of bic own national.
ltr saz one day On guard with anothe,
officer NJ Gibraltar. when the latter
fell over the rock and Was killed. the
suhsltarn. however. made no mention
of the accident IN bis guard report
bat left the adaendutn. Nothing es.
.raorlinsry since guard mounting,
standing without qualification. Some
hours af.erward the brigade general
came 10 demand explanations You
ssy. SIR, in your report Nothing eA,
.raorainary since guard mounting.
xhen your own fellow officer has fallen
down a roeSy precipiee 900 feet deeF
and had been killehl" Well gen,
erai.s replied Lieut., Sandy. Slowly.
diana think there's anything extraof'
alnarv in that II he had fallen aooa
nr.elnicp 400 feet deep and not peer
l,llea i should ha' thccht It extraor'
binary and put in doom IN MA r~
MORT
Blackfoot news. (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1891-1902, 1901-02-27

Gradually. IA the science OF war has
extended 10 the more minute details
Of military activity. The saccess Of this
training and education has given birth
TO number of special schools In Ger
s1sny. In addition 10 the numerous
cadet schools there have been esiab-
iished In rec~p: years large number
Of technical academies devoted sntire-
b. 20 sse training Of soldiers In some
particular branch OF the ,er,iee. for
'nssAace. there Is the shooting school
sar infantry :, spandau. the fencing
feheol for ossccrs 10 Bs;''E. and 10
TAR GUS parts Of Germany the several
artillery schools where soldiers are
taught 10 handle the larger weapons
Of war. in short. there are schools Tor
everything from Geld surgery TO horse
sho~lnx. Finally. there II the kriegs
Academic. sort Of war college. such
a. II i nnw proposed 10 establish IN
The United States. where officers arr
trained in the strategy OF high com
mand. AHnser's Magazine.
Blackfoot news. (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1891-1902, 1901-02-27

We have practically three classes OF
cattle feeds, (a) those low In protein
and high In carbohydrates (1:10). such
al hays. straws. roots and grains, but
varying In digestibility, (b) medium
in protein and medium In carbohy-
drates (1:5). and (c) high in protein
and low In carbohydrates t1;2). Recos-
mixing, then, the difference In com
posttion OF the various feed stufYs. and
knowing the uses OF the protein. fat
and carbohydrates in the process OF
nutrition, our next step would be to
40 combine the several feeds az to se-
cure the several groups In such guam
titles and proportions as to best At
tain the end sought 1t might be OF
interest In passing to note the COM
parative difference in the value OF
nitrogen, potash and phosphoric acid
in one ton OF these several feeds. The
fertilixing ingredients In hays, straws,
etc. have about the same value as In
the grains. In the legumes they are
one-half as valuable again. and In case
OF the concentrated feeds, from three
| to nearly four times as valuable ~ In
either the grains. straws or hays
Blackfoot news. (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1891-1902, 1901-02-27

Prof. A. S. Hitchcock. of the Kan
sas Experiment station. has recently
sent out summary OF his investiga-
lions into the races of corn.
He says: Indian corn has been in
cultivation by the native races OF
America for an indefinite period. 1t
probably originated from wild form
somewhere on the Mexican plateau.
Botanisis usually refer all our forms
to one species. zea Mays. with several
well-marked subspeeies on races
There are five important races OF
corn grown in the United States on
commercial scale
/. Dent Corn. A part OF the starch
in the grain is of close. hard tex
,ure. This is called the horny endo-
sperm and is found along the sides OF
the kernel, while the softer portion, or
starchy endosperm. Is found In the
center. extending to the summit In
| driving the center shrinks more tnan
the rest and hence leaves dent Mt the
apex of the grain. Dent corns are the
| common field varieties grown In the
corn belt and are almost the only kind
/ exported. There are various colors,
white. yellow and notified (calieo). De-
ing the most common. There are also
red and blue varieties, Three hundred
and twenty-three varieties are de-
scribed.
Sweet Corn. These are chiefly
fonnd in gardens. but 1t Is grown on 9
commercial scale for canning pur'
noses and some of the large sorts are
grown for fodder. The first VARIETY
cultivated was obtained from the IN
dams. New England, in 17ls. In 1885,
there were ten varieties. Now ther'
are sixty-three. Corn MS a vegetable
Is practically unknown outside TN
United States.
g. Flint. The horny endosperm en-
t,rely surrounds the starchy, and henc
the grain is smooth at maturity. COLO
various. Many varieties have ei9h
rows and hence are known as eight
rowed corn. Flint corn can be grow
,,,,ch farther north than the dent corr
since 1t natures earlier, hence 1t 10 IN
prevailing form in Canada ana In
n,rthern United States. Since 1t Is tn
aon,mon corn OF New England 1t
often called Yankee corn.
a Popcorn. These resemble the MIN
corns but differ in the ability to pop
whom heated. This phenomenon a
nends upon the fact that the starch
, IN the form OF horny endosperm An
tho moisture present can not easily o.
cane but finally explodes. turning II
Grain inside out. Popcorn seems
no the least modified from the origin'
TYNE There are twenty-five varietie
( Soft Corns. In these the starch
!, ali IN the form Of starchy endospern
II seems to have been common anon
no indians of the southwest. Some
ths blue squaw corns belong to tn
race. Brazilian four corn, SOLD
.sedsmen, Is a soft corn. There u =
: dont in these varieties.
pasides the above there is POD col
! u~ovn as a curiosity, In which eas
o ssrnel Is enclosed In husk; and son
ornamental varieties derived from Il
Blackfoot news. (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1891-1902, 1901-02-27
ANIMAL sENTRIEs
whose Duty 1t Is to Watch while the
Others Feed.

whose Duty 1t L. to Watch while the
Others Feed
A writer who has made a study OF
the habits OF animals, particularly OF
those habits that resemble our own,
SAYS the use of sentries, duly relieved
at regular intervals. is the rule rather
than the exception with many OF the
greEarious quadrupeds and the larger
birds. Wild geese. for example, act IN
SO organized and cautious a manner
when feeding or roosting. that they
seem to defy all danger. When mock
has fixed on q newly-sown grain field
to feed in. they make several circling
flights before alighting. and the least
suspicious object will drive them away.
II everything be all right, however,
and they alight. the whole flock Will
remain motionless for a minute or
two. with head and neck erect, looking
over the country round about rms
supplementary accommodating proving
satisfactory, they begin their feeding,
leaving one sentry on guard. He either
stands ON some elevated part OF the
field or walks slowly with the rest, but
he never ventures to pick up 4 single
grain while he Is on duty. When the
gentry thinks that he has done his
share of the watching, he Gives the
nearest bird to him sharp peck. which
means that this bird must take VI
the sentry duty. II he does not re-
spond promptly the first bird Will peel
again, and more vigorously, sometimes
pulling out bunch Of feathers In thu
act, and at the same time uttering
| complaining cry. The signal OF dan
ger among Wild geese and swans is
sort OF bugle-call. which they all a.
once understand. Wild ducks have
low, cautious. quack. All animal'
seem to have their peculiar signals
Prairie dogs bark, ibex, marmots AM
mountain sheep whistle: elephant
trumpet; rabbits and lowland sheel
stamp on the ground.
Blackfoot news. (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1891-1902, 1901-02-27
Ice Cannot
Stop It,.
(st. Petersburg Letter }

The most remarkable ferry-boat
In the world was placed in service re-
Gently on Lake Baikal In Siberia, and
II 1t succeeds In it, purpose 1t will go
far toward solving the problem OF
winter navigation on inland waters all
over the world. The lake is almost
400 miles long and extends In a near
~ north and south direction across the
route of the trans-Siberlan railway.
Its width varies from twenty to sew
enty miles. It would have been .
comparatively easy task to evade this
obstacle were 1t not for the situation
OF Irkutsk
The topography Of the country ad-
5acent has erected a strong barrier
against the completion Of the railway
1t IL exceedingly mountainous and the
engineers estimate that at least two
Blackfoot news. (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1891-1902, 1901-02-27

years will be required to complete the
link OF 200 miles which Ia to connect
the eastern and western lines already
complete. While this work is In pro-
gress a steam ferry will be employed
to convey cars across Lake Baikal, and
to keep a channel clear of ice the boat
In question has been constructed.
The boat = Marvel
Railroad ferries are no novelty, at
least In America. Boats to carry rail-
way trains across a river or lake have
long been in service In this country.
Lake Baikal, however, Is very much
farther north than any part of the
United States except Alaska The
place where the trans-Siberian route
crosses 1t Is fully five degrees OF lati-
tude, or $50 miles, nearer the pole than
the Strait OF Mackinaw and 700 miles
nearer than New York city. Lake Bal
kal Is frozen over for five months In
the year. 1t closes about the middle
of December and generally opens in
May. II the line is kept open during
the winter. therefore. the ferry boat
must be an ice-breaker and 1t mus
be capable of performing that function
in a fashion unknown In the United
States. The ferry boat which main
tains connection between upper ant
lower Michigan. across the Straits o.
Mackinac, occasionally achieve grea'
triumphs in the winter time. but i
Blackfoot news. (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1891-1902, 1901-02-27

size OF Kernels of Seed wheat.
Great possibilities lie In the develop
ment of seed wheat Constant selec-
ton of the largest kernels will have a
constant tendency to improve the seed
and the resulting crop. Some expert
ments were carried on in France to
determine to what extent the crop
could be improved by such q selection.
Though the process was carried on for
only three years. the results were APP
parent. The experiment was tried in
two directions, always selecting the
largest seeds for one crop and the
smallest seeda for another. At the end
OF three years the yield on the plats
planted with the large seeds was very
marked over the plats that had been
planted with the small seeds. Also the
large wheat grains had more vigor and
developed much more rapidly than did
the others. and the crop matured ear
lier.
The same experimenter carried or
at the same time parallel experiment
He selected for one lot the grains thai
developed soonest on the heads. and
for another lot selected the grains thai
matured latest on the heads. In three
years he had two crops growing side
by side, one of them maturing six day.
ahead of the other.
Blackfoot news. (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1891-1902, 1901-02-27
THE BAIKAL FERRY.

sure thus exerted Is tremendous. About
twenty-five feet back OF the extremity
Of the prov the boat has one propeller.
There are two others astern of the
Baikal. The Ermack, the best known
of the crushers. has three. 1t Is not
believed that the stem would often
mount the ice for q suficient distance
to bring the forward screw in contact
with it, Still, the propeller is strong
ly protected.
Sucks the Water.
The object OF this mechanism Is not
to propel the boat, but to suck out the
water from under the ice Immediately
in front. Deprived of Its support tho
crust yields more readily to the weight
simultaneously imposed upon It.
The engines employed upon the new
boat are among the most powerful ever
constructed. They will be capable Of
developing at least IL 900 horse power.
The displacement OF the boat without
her load was to be 1000 tons. The
Ermack's stern was SO shaped as to ac-
commodate the bow OF second boat.
which might volunteer as a pusher.
| Obviously the way being once opened
by the ice breaker, another steam yes
sci could easily serve In this manner.
| But no account OF the Balkai intimatea
| that such plan is contemplated in
| connection with the Siberian ferry SER
1 vice.
Blackfoot news. (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1891-1902, 1901-02-27

'-'.'s.om OF heaven is within yon"
some one quoted 10 Frederick Maurice
les. and so ia the Kingdom OF Eng
'ana' he answered. So is the Amer,-
can republic. But 1t naturally sesks
expression IN symbols, and the n.g
WIN ns, takes the place OF many sym.
po's which are possessed by other
countries, but not by us Kingship "a
: symbol With which We dispense al
though The disposition to fuss over our
presidents personally has grown OF late
y'ars. ana is essentially monarch
zeal tendency. The flag stands for the
nation. says the Saturday Evening
Post II Is the symbol OF the bond
which unites the whole country from
Alaska TO Florida. from campobello
isiatd 10 the Golden Gate. IL stands
Tor that historic past whose life We
snare through participation In the lift
OF the nation Ii identlfles each OF u.
with the whole American people. nea,
and lar, past and present, and even
vel 10 come, Its forms are not thing,
OF beauty. for the straight line lis MOI
the line OF beauty. Bu, they have 1
historic sense which more than com
pensaiss for their Lack Of grace. Il
speaks Of the past. when the thIrtser
fs<bls colonies srrayed themselves
skains' the first empire of the world
and made the unlueky number foreye
foTianaie. II speaks of the present
when the handful OF corn on the top
OF the mountain has grown To be
forest Hike the eedars Of Lebanon !
tells us OF triumph. OF growth. OF unit
IN willing submission TO the lawful au
thosily Of u fires government Let
wave tn the daily sight OF every Amer
lean citizen. for Its significance Is .
inexhanstible as II is broadly demo
cratic
Blackfoot news. (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1891-1902, 1901-02-27
BRITAIN ID A,arrns<n.

Close following on the British alarm
over our successful competition In the
iron and steel trade. In bridges. loco
motives, rails, electrical plants, and
tie like, comes the note Of alarm from
Germany over the painful discovery
that we are furnishing the German
people with better shoes than they can
ret at homo, and for less money.
The German view OF the situation
IL that thia new competition threatens
the employment of some $1,000 or 100.-
workers In the shoe trade whose
Blackfoot news. (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1891-1902, 1901-02-27
average earnings are less than 81

average earnings are less than 81 q
week.
Now, the remarkable circumstance
about this competition Is that while
the German workman earns less than
81 week, the wages In the boot and
shoe industry OF this country, accord
ing to the Massachusetts, bureau OF
statistics of labor, range from $11 to
SIS week. even the female machine
lands earning SO week; and yet
with this great handicap and disparity
against us it is not necessary to sub
sidize our shoemaking industry to en-
able us to compete with Germany
New York World.
Blackfoot news. (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1891-1902, 1901-02-27

A certain yeomanFy eonimshuei'
while ON parade. rated his men IN IN.
measured terms. Nothing was rieh'
ina, the troopers did. They sat theif
hars,s wrong. they moved unlike
machinery. etc, and we're mo pe. :. :.
.hana a. rabble.' "a lot OF gutter
sa,nes " etc THAT" said Lord MICH.
snar ubo came mp. rs not the way u
address men. They a'e io. .tar
rabble. but soldiers, and 70 pe , sp
to as such. No troops ca" w "na.,
in tina. fashion. and the eo,n"a n.h,,
who does not respect his men - 49," =,
to lead them" The whole , , ~
arc told, heard the Observance ,a,.a :,
tho yeomanry officer was oos'''s''
sras,fallen-Daily American
Blackfoot news. (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1891-1902, 1901-02-27

Some weeks ago there appeared In
several Paris papers an advertisement
Of An obscure fruit dealer. In which
he offered to give prize OF five francs
for the largest apple sent to him. The
flsh caught at the bait with marvel
GUS rapidity. and In less than = fort
night the advertiser had received
enough fruit to stock his store for the
season. Naturally. he was glad to pay
Ave francs for the largest of the lot,
and, Just a. naturally. he kept all the
unsuccessful specimens for sale from
his shop. Besides. the advertising r.
suited In large increase In his bus.-
ness.
Blackfoot news. (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1891-1902, 1901-02-27
FARM AND GARDEN.
MATTERS or INTEREST TO
AoRiCULTURIsTA.
N"m" Up-to-Dats Hints Aboat Cult1s -
'"" VI this hotl and Yields Thereof
""rtieaiture, siticuItars and Eisxtsai-
turs


""rucultaFnt Observations
winter Is good time to attack
me pear blight. Investigations have
SHOWN that the disease remains over
~ Inc diseased branches, the organ
isms ready to begin again their work
IN the early spring. The branches
'hat are dead should all be cut OF
and burned and any branches that
nave been cast down by the wind
shouio also be included In the collec-
uon. In fact, 1t pays to give the or
enard thorough cleaning. either in
IAN or early spring. Burn up all rub
nish. The orchard should then be care
iuiiy inspected TO make sure that all
the infected branches have been cut
on. Thorough work In this matter
VIII make II easy to keep the trouble
IN check next year.
AT the recent horticultural conven-
uon held at Champaign, Illinois, there
was a most excellent exhibition Of
fruit One feature OF the exhibit was
display by the experiment station
This consisted OF all the varieties Of
apples, pears. etc. grown on the ex-
pertinent farm. and was for educa-
iionsi purposes only. About $50 plates
were shown. each piled with fruit.
Near each plate was printed card,
giving the name. in large letters. OF
the fruit. and below the name. thu
time OF ripening and keeping 1t gave
the students OF pomology q chance to
study the varieties. such as he seldom
nnds. As the exhibit was not made
for the purpose OF securing a prize. tbs
arrangement could be made to bes
advantage and In comparative order
II Is plan that can be followed to ad
vantage by other institutions.
Indications point to the development
Of peach orchards in many points Il
the great Allegheny chain OF noun
sains. Much OF that country Is as vii
to-day as It was the day It WAS dis
covered by Europeans The woodma
has found little use for 1t. on accour
OF the great difficulty OF removing tn
trees after they we're cut The farmt
! has found little use for 1t, the groun
only being devoted to farming In I'll
portions easiest to cultivate. But
! has long been known az region adap
! ed to fruit and where wild fruit gre
In great abundance. Little by lit
: the peach orchards have eneroaeht
! on this Wild domain. The fruit hi
+ been found to be OF the best-dne
favor. large in size and we'll colore
5 Moreover. most of the region Is wit
i Ia easy railroad communications OF Il
i best markets
Blackfoot news. (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1891-1902, 1901-02-27
Table. TO Con. cof'e,

4 tablet to Gen. John n, NJ .. corss, ,Ss
union es &C A,la,oona pass, in Georgia,
v ~Ssre the phrase originated 10, n' been
.o ,sss., ON the walls OF the i'u''
h,,,,dinr In Boston.
Blackfoot news. (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1891-1902, 1901-02-27

a., - more than 10000 applicants at
, oas = navy recruiting stations during , y
.sa ,s,sst governmental year only az. 90.
wei were accepted, and Of these ,,,s,mut.,
wor'ns asr,. men nowadays must pos
MAJ peculiar qualifications and Know WI
edge and in order 70 s, ~ schooling
oasl,,cations there must DC '''
In actual service.
Blackfoot news. (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1891-1902, 1901-02-27

th.s,. IL much to he said for the
4 rsS ah abundance II tNc nag. II IL
tR,,'" Of the national lifc---an
~. :. and visible siRn OF the n ward
|lo,,.n ~ nationality. The nation "a an
'vhlAls .a'hs. making itself outward'v
through such symbols. "TN"
Blackfoot news. (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1891-1902, 1901-02-27

At the Rhode Island Experiment
station they have taken up the ques-
ton of frost resistance of plants. and
are trying by selection to give greater
hardness to some of our commonest
plants. A report by the station says:
Gardeners will recall the apparent
peculiarities often manifest In the be-
hayior of plants subject to frost. Two
plants of the same variety, standing
side by side, may show altogether dit
ferent results, the one being killed or
severely injured and the other remain
ing practically untouched. At times
these differences may be due to vary
ing atmospheric conditions, but much
| OF II must be the result OF difference In
| inherent vigor and resistance OF the
| individual plants. Is it possible In the
case OF tender plants, by selecting and
breeding from those individuals which
show greatest resistance, to develop
harder strain? This question has
been under test with garden beans.
Three varieties of bush beans were
planted in a hot-bed in the spring OF
1899. After they were well up. the
sash was removed. exposing them to
frost on 4 cold night. Many OF the
plants were killed outright, others Sc
vereiy hurt. while few showed little
injury. Seed from these was saved
and subjected to similar treatment In
the spring of 1900 This time an I'M
usually hard frost occurred on the
night when the sash was frst removed
! The temperature reported by the me.
teorologist of the station. as occurring
In the village near by, was Is degrees
Yet few plants remained unframed
others we're less severely injured ant
} many were killed outright. Othel
seeds saved from the resistant plant
we're planted In the open ground II
, comparison with ordinary seeds. Tn
/ plants from these have shown create
| vigor in resisting cold and untowar'
, conditions and at the present writin'
are decidedly in advance. The Ques
! ton asked at the beginning OF the en-
| pertinent cannot be answered for som
time. but the indications now are tina
: careful selection may produce valua
4 BILE results In securing plants less sub
iect to frost injury.
Blackfoot news. (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1891-1902, 1901-02-27

Teaener--And why should v. ssart,
Ge s,,,o w,se--'Cause there's no 's.. =.
In when the alarm e'o'A
wrong.
Blackfoot news. (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1891-1902, 1901-02-27

White Of egg brushed over morocco
leather freshens It,