Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1901-07-10
SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL.

SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL.
In 1890 nineteen factories were
started in the United States for the
manufacture of silk by steam, and
thirteen others for producing ribbons
and other silk goods.
One Yarmouth mussel Of deterior-
ated character contained no fewer
while the water in the shell was certi-
fed to contain S03, ,2e0 bacteria of the
colon bacilli type, the forerunner Of
typhoid.
Aluminium has the popularity OF
softening while considerably below the
temperature at which it fuses. The
big aluminium concern at Hanau, Ger
many, takes advantage of this property
in q process for welding the metal.
The parts to be Joined instead of being
hammered together are kneaded to-
gether in such a way that the material
Is made homogeneous, so the joint is
as strong as the rest Of the metal.
a factory will soon be erected at
Niagara Falls for the manufacture Of
nitric acid by new process, which 1t
is said will be quite startling from n
scientific point of view. IL is under
stood that the plant win manufacture
the acid from air This assures the
factory of plentiful supply Of raw ma
terial. The company has capital OF
100000. If the process is a success,
undoubtedly the factory will be an i'm
mense one.
The sizes of anthracite coal and the
screens through which they are made
are as follows: Coal which runs
through a screen having mesh of
three-siXteenths of an inch is called
barley; three-eighth, rice; nine-siX-
teenth, buckwheat; seven-eighth, pea;
one and n half, chestnut; two, stove;
two and three-quarter egg; four and
half, CRATE; seven, steam. Coal be-
yond this size Is known as lump coal.
Bituminous lump coal passes over bars
one and half inches apart; bitumin-
Gus nut coal passes through bars one
and half inches apart; slack coal
passes through bars three-quarters Of
an inch apart.
An extremely unfortunate occurrence
is reported from Milan which is GER
tain to seriously interfere with the
growth of the serum treatment of dis
ease. Eight persons suffering from
diphtheria died from tetanus 0ock-
Jaw after being treated with what
was supposed to be anti-diphtheritic
serum. The institute where the Sc
rum was made was Immediately closed
by the authorities, and the use of the
serum prohibited throughout all Italy,
pending an investigation. All of the
serum that could be found was called
in and destroyed. No one seems to
know vet lust what caused the trouble.
But it seems probable that the serum
was either accidentally contaminated
with tetanus microbes or else that
through some unaccountable mistake
all experimental 'elahuo "S'"h' ""'
used instead OF an anti-diphtheritic
serum.
Vaucluse, in South France, IS cen
tire of the Ocher industry. Sometimes
the ocher Is excavated direct without
mining, but often shafts are sunk. The
material when brought to the surface
is transported to the valley below ON
carts and is then washed. Mining is
only done in the winter season, as the
water-courses are dry in summer. By
means of successive settling basins va
rious degrees of fineness are secured
in washing the ore. At the end of the
winter these basins are filled with
ocher in the form of mud, which dries
hard during the heated term, and is
then cut into blocks of regular size
and dried in the sun. 1t is then either
cut into blocks or crushed into powder
for shipment and is sorted for color;
the yellow shades command the high
est price. The total production OF
these mines last year was about 49,
QUO tons, and of this amount 5000 tons
were shipped to the United States.
Although the mines have been worked
for many years they are not exhausted.
No Livery Stables in Mexico.
The livery stable, as it is known in
the United States, is practically un-
known in Mexico. There are stables