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The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1901-05-07
ARE you GOING TO BU1ID4


In the following article, Wallace s
Farmer calls attention to a valuable
farm bulletin which has already been
reviewed in The Progressive Farmer,
and which can be obtained free upon
application to F'Secretary of Agricul-
ture, Washington, D. c. Says Edi-
torWallace:
Many of our farmers have been
getting ahead the last year or two
and will no doubt be thinking about
new buildings or additions to the old
ones. This matter of building houses
and barns is one of greater import-
ance than most farmers realize. The
number of steps that the wife and
daughter will take about the house
is deter ed largely by the charac+
ter of the house. It is possible to
economize labor and save the wear
and tear of the women folks and it
is possible to build in such a way as
to increase their labor very largely,
all depending on the construction of
the house. It is possible to build a
house where the health of the family
will be first class, doctors visits
scarce and their bills small and again
it is possible to build house with
the same outlay of money that will
foreordain sickly family, large doc
tors bills and unusual mortality. It
is possible to build barn at mod
crate expense where the labor of
feeding and caring for the stock will
be reduced to the minimum and also
to expend the same amount of money
where the labor and care of stock is
brought up to the maximum.
Fortunately the Department of
Agriculture tenders valuable sug+
gestions and advice on this point.
Any of our readers who are think
ing of building this year or next will
do we'll to write to Secretary Wilson,
Washington, D. c., for Farmers
Bulletin No, 126, entitled ''Praotical
Suggestions for Farm Buildings
This bulletin gives illustrations of
cheap farm houses which can be
adde1 to without the additional ex
pense and also the bill of materials
for each. None these will prob
ably meet the wants of any reader,
but the suggestions are valuable and
as it can De had for the asking, why
not at once request it by letter and
study it before building? There is
an enormous amount of money
thrown away not in building houses,
but in building houses that are not
adapted to the circumstances Of the
farmer.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1901-05-07
HARRY FARMER's TALKS.



Correspondence of The Progressive Farmer.
Our crops are all planted, now Guilt
walton has set in in earnest. Let
every reader of The Progressive
Farmer resolve that no crop shall
lack cultivation this year Keep the
top of the ground stirred.
We have made it rule for years
to plow our cotton and corn every
week until they are laid by. Cotton
should be cultivated until the first
bolls are matured; We could have
made five dollars a day last year by
cultivating our cotton longer. We
carried a piece of corn through the
severe August, 1900, drought by
keeping the surface well stirred!
Had it been worked the usual way
we would have made nothing. "a
A farmer said that he had coll
ored tenant who could not see why
next week was not just as good a
time to plow his corn as this week!
We are sorry to say that this negro
is not by himself in believing in old
time methods IN H. %
We. cannot have set of rules that
will apply to every season alike. Flat
cultivation of Irish potatoes during
very wet spring like this has been
may not be best. But if we have
very dry weather the balance of the
growing season, our crops will be-
good.
The idea that the main object of
cultivation is to kill the weeds and
grass has been impressed upon the
minds of our farmers for generations
and the progressive farmer may go
to the other extreme and try TO cult
tivate his crops too frequently in d
wet season and lose a great deal of
labor. When the. season is wet it is
only necessary to cultivate enough
to keep weeds and grass under.
Farmers viii soon be chopping cot
ton. It is best to chop to stand at
first if the cotton is thrifty, but if
it is small and does not grow, you
had better leave it little thicker
for awhile.
The best remedy for cotton that
is weak anu won't grow is to work
it. We have made it grow by rum
ming plow very deeply close to the
cotton. Something like bull tongue
or cotton plow without wings or
sweeps does the work nicely Cotton
on poor soil is often given too much
distance.
Where the soil is rich and the cot
ton weed grows 4 to feet high, it
should have good distance. If you
have raised cotton several years, it
is easy to decide what distance to
give it. This is about the usual rule
here land producing 800 pounds seed
cotton, l stalk 10 inches in the row !
], 200 pounds, Is inches 1, 800 pounds
24 inches-this when the rows are
81 feet apart. Long limb cotton re-
quires more distance than short limb
or cluster cotton.
9t HARRY FARMER.
I'll ~ -.-
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1901-05-07
w. A. HENRY.
Director Agricultural Experiment
Station, Madison, Wis.

Study your soil and supply its
needs. Plant such crops as are best
adapted to the land and so diversity
that you will always have full sup
ply of fruit, vegetables, syrup, sugar,
meat, milk, butter, poultry and eggs.
Have these things in abundance so
that the farm and home market may
be esupplied.-J. "A. Brewer, Bienville,
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1901-05-07
occur If these conditions are not FOL.

occur if these conditions are not fol.
lowed.
The rape crop was first prominent
~ brought to the attention of Wis
oonsin farmers, through. the Wis
consin Agricultural Experiment Sta.
ton, which has grown the crop con-
tinuously since 1891. Our Station
learned of its use through the On.
tario Agricultural College, Canada.
Rape is now extensively grown in
Wisconsin and its use is rapidly
spreading. Itdoes not take the place
of any other crop but is simply one
more of value to the farm.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1901-05-07

Many farmers find their cattle and
horses. lousy, especially are the calves
and colts, in she spring time. To
say that stock becomes poor and
rough looking because of these pests,
is to state well known fact. A
very simple, and in most places,
easily procured remedy can be had
to rid the stock of lice Put as many
of the outer twigs of red cedar as
possible into a ten-gallon kettle. Fill
the kettle with water and boil down
to two gallons. When cool enough,
remove the twigs and with rag
thoroughly wash every part of the
animal s hair. It is seldom thab a
second washing is needed if so, it
should be done in eight or ten days
after. the first washfng.-D. T.
stephenson, Pilot Knob, Ind 741T
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1901-05-07

[ooNTNUED q sPAaE8.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1901-05-07
Mecklenburg Co N. @.

If you keep The Progressive Far
mer up to the present standard, put
me down a life subscriber.-W. s.
Mercer, Currituck Co, N. G.
Marshall County independent., 1901-02-01
GREAT DISCOVERY.
Earth Which Is Found In bat Few
Places in Arnericl.

a new material viii soon be placed
among the rare things mined from the
Black Hills. Fullers earth is a valu-
able material found in but few places
in America. The finest quality is found
in England, where is practically the
worlds supply. Recently a large de-
pOsit Of this material has been found
in the Black Hills, and it most closely
resembles that found in England of
any deposit in America. The fuller's
earth Of the Black Hills contains from
90 to 70 per cent silica, with from - TO
% per cent water after being sun-dried.
The fuller's earth of the hills is gener-
ally found in shallow basins covered by
a few feet Of surface soil Below this
is layer OF plastic clay from two to
six feet thick, and then layers OF full
ler'S earth from two to twelve feet
thick, overlaying a bed OF sand Full
ler's earth is dug out and allowed to
remain in the sun, where it undergoes
a certain amount of bleaching, turning
from a greenish color to a creamy
white and losing about 80 per cent OF
its weight The United States produces
a considerable amount of fuller's earth,
something like 20 900 tons per year. re-
lates a special to the Boston Trans
cript. The discovery of superior
grade Of the earth in the Black Hills
viii mean. in snort time. the adding
of another rare material 10 the already
fie-f in, h.
parties are negotiating for the deposit
of limestone, called by some alabaster.
that has been found in Custer county
The stone is found in a thirty-foot
ledge, and when it is quarried it is soft
enough to be cut into any shape de-
sired. After being exposed to the air
it becomes hard and takes a beautiful
polish. The quarry is being operated
by two Deadwood men.
Marshall County independent., 1901-02-01
HER SALT CELLARS.
The Guests Regarded Them as Beautiful
souvenirs.

The custom of giving souvenirs
on nearly all occasions sometimes leads
to painful mistakes and a certain Am
erican. well known in London as a
hostess, has reason to regret it was
ever heard Of She was the happy
possessor Of a dozen salt cellars of
repousse silver. very beautiful and al
most the apple of her eye and she was
giving a luncheon at which covers were
laid for fourteen. In the Arrangement
of the table the precious salt cellars
had been placed for the guests, another
kind being supplied for the hostess and
her daughter. The cards designating
the places had been laid upon them
and through an oversight had re-
mained there. so that the absence Of
salt in them was not discovered, says
the London Onlooker. Presently a
lady took up her card, saw the empty
salt cellar. and, remarking upon its
beauty, said it was a lovely souvenir,
and slipped it into her pocket. Her
example was promptly followed by the
rest Of the company with the exception
Of one woman. who had no pocket. The
hostess Was petrified with despair and
horror as she saw her cherished pos
sessions calmly appropriated, but in
the face Of the torrent Of acknowledge
ment and compliment. she had not the
moral courage to offer the necessary
explanation. After she had heard the
adieux of the last guest she sat down
and wept. and when it was discovered
that the woman without a pocket had
forgotten her prize she seized upon il
with the concentrated affection which
the parent bestows on the last of many
children Her JOY. however. was short
lived, for next morning came polite
note from the pocketless woman. say
ing that she had forgotten her beau
tiful souvenir" and would Mrs. f. be
so very kind as TO send it?
Marshall County independent., 1901-02-01
Government Descends to PunnIng.

An amusingly put instance of gov
ernmental forethought in behalf or
its agricultural class is that credited in
paragraph now going the rounds OF
the press of Manitoba. A pest OF
grasshOpperS annually descending
upon the farmers of this region large
ly nulifed their efforts at livelihood
gaining. To their relief came the de-
partment of agriculture, which not
only devised preventive measures,
but likewise hit upon a novel method
of awakening the farmer to realiza-
ton that the grasshOpper was travel
ing his way. Instead of sending out
circulars or advertising in the news
papers, recourse was had to posters
which showed grasshOpper regaling
himself in a wheat field. Underneath
the picture there stared the passing
farmer in the face, I'm this wheat bye
and bye" Report is silent as to wheth-
er the pun or the picture brought
about the desired result; the fact how
ever, is that the Manitoba farmer
gave heed to the poster warning, and
as never before he prepared to over
come the noxious activity Of the grass
hopper.-Vogue.
Marshall County independent., 1901-02-01

of the Esplanade is enclosed by the
Horticulture, Graphic Arts, and Mines
Buildings. The eastern end is shut in
by the government group OF three
large buildings. Sunken gardens with
elaborate fountains and many groups
of sculpture occupy the two arms OF
the ESplanade, and the decorative fea-
lures throughout this broad space are
very numerous and beautiful. North of
the Esplanade is the Court OF Foun-
tains, with the Ethnology Building on
the right and the Music Building on
the eft. Two subordinate courts also
open into the Esplanade from the
north, the one on the east being known
as the Court of Expresses and the one
on the west as the Court OF Lilies.
Next, north Of the Ethnology Build
ing, on the right, and fronting upon
the Court Of Fountains, is the Manu-
factures and Liberal Arts Building.
and on the opposite side the Machinery
and Transportation Building. In the
Court of Fountains is a large pool, hav-
ing an area Of about two acres, and
containing many beautiful fountains.
Proceeding again nOrthward, we come
to the Mall, a broad avenue, half q
mile long, extending from the eastern
boundary to the western gate OF the
Exposition. Fronting upon the Mall.
on the right, is the Agriculture Build
ing, and on the left the Electricity
Building. We now arrive at the most
conspicuous feature OF the Exposition,
the massive Electric Tower. This
tower stands between the Court OF
Fountains and the Plaza, in a broad
pool, about two acres in extent. I'm
mediately north of the Electric Tower
Is the Plaza with it's beautiful sunken
gardens and band-stand in the center.
the Propylaea or monumental en-
frances at the north, the entrance to
the Stadium at the east, and the en-
trance to the Midway on the west
The Exposition will open May l. and
continue for six months.
EBERT L. LEWIS.
Marshall County independent., 1901-02-01

and finest pipe organs ever constructed
in America, built to order at a cost of
$4,000. Entertainments of high Or
der Of excellence will be given in the
Temple. In the band-stands in the
Music Gardens and elsewhere on the
grounds concerts will be given by
Sousa's Band of 100 pieces, the Mexi
can Government Band of 81 pieces, and
other famous musical organizations.
In all the exhibit divisions the PAN
American is very complete. 1t is the
aim of the Exposition to show the
progress of the nineteenth century In
the Western world. The exhibits are
gathered from all the principal states
and countries of the Western Hemi-
sphere and the new island possessions
of the United States government. Spe-
cial efforts have been made to bring
together exhibits of exceptional nov
city and of the highest educational
value. The divisions, each of them
considerable exhibition in itself. are
as follows: electricity and electrical
appliances; fine arts, painting, sculp-
ture, decoration; graphic arts, typog-
raphy. lithOgraphy. steel and copper
plate printing, photo-mechanical proc
esses, drawing. engraving and book
binding; liberal arts, education, en-
Marshall County independent., 1901-02-01

AS a beautiful spectacle, the Pan
American Exposition will surpass any
former enterprise OF its character. It
will delight and satisfy the eye, and
memory will long retain the picture
presented. The style OF architecture
is free treatment of the Spanish Re-
naissance, and the architects have
made the most of the opportunity to
enhance its picturesqueness The build
tngs are covered with staff. which is
nodded into thousands of fanciful
shapes, and color is used with such
excellent effect as to evoke the name
OF Rainbow City" for the ensemble
OF Exposition palaces. 1t is the first
attempt to produce a harmonious color
scheme at an exposition. and Is a grand
success. Sculpture adds greatly to the
effect, majestic statues and costly mod
eled groups being upon the buildings
and bridges and in the courts. There
are more than 125 of these grand
works. by the most noted sculptors of
America. The court settings are su-
peru. They take up more than SO
acres, approximately two and a half
times greater than the area OF the
courts of the Worlds Columbian Expo
sitiOn at Chicago. The hydraulic and
fountain effects are of a superior or
Marshall County independent., 1901-02-01

der. Ia all the courts are large pools
Of water into which hundreds of fOun-
tains throw their sparkling streams.
In all the courts and upon the grounds
outside the buildings are very elabo-
rate horticultural and garden effects.
The floral display is exceedingly fine.
Nothing which might contribute to
make a scene OF Ioveliness has been
overlooked or omitted by the builders
Of the Exposition City.
With all it's wonderful beauty by
day. the Exposition will be, like the
Cereus of Tropical America, a flower
Of the night Then will 1t blossom in
exquisite perfection. With all the
fountains playing amid floating lights
upon every golden, ripping pool; with
the great cascade shooting in veil-like
form from its niche in the Electric
Tower, which rises to height OF 391
feet; with more than 200 900 electric
lights fringing every building and CIV
ing to every jet and ripple OF water
a fantastic iridescence; with music
lending the charm of sweet sounds to
tAc Dcl uOAs VI COlOl dllQ
flowers, foliage and fountains, the eve-
ming scenes at this Exposition will be
such as no lover of the beautiful will
permit 70 pass without at least one
determined effort TO witness them.
An electric display, the like of which
has never yet been seen, is promised,
and this will be possible on account
OF the nearness of the great plants
which have harnessed Niagara and
put its tremendous power to CONNER
cial use.
The sum of SO 600. 900 has been ex-
pended to provide a magnificent spec
tacle and illustrate the achievements of
the nineteenth century. The Midway
alone cost $4,000 O00. and the variety
OF novelties and their quality excel
the features Of any former amusement
enterprise at an exposition.
Music IS an important feature of the
Exposition. The magnificent Temple
of Music, which has a seating capacity
OF 2,200. contains one of the largest
Marshall County independent., 1901-02-01
SUPREME IN BEAUTY
Proportions and Unpa relied Magnfcence
Illustrating Progress in Western Hemisphere During
Nineteenth Century.

position. On the northern shore Of
the lake Is situated the life-saving sta
tion erected by the government. Upon
the southern bank Of the lake. beau
tiful casino and boat-house has also
been built by the city OF Buffalo for
Exposition uses
The symmetrical grouping Of build
ings will be at once noted by the OBJ
server. Beginning at the formal ap-
proach, just north of the lake. the eye
follows northward between two rows
OF ornamental columns to what Is
known as the Forecourt. East Of this
are the State and Foreign Buildings.
forming in themselves a very inter-
esting feature OF the Exposition. Near
these, also, are the buildings for the
special ordnance displays. West OF
the FOrecourt are the outdoor Horti-
cultural displays and the Womens
Building We cross now the Trium-
phal Bridge, remarkable for It's tall
piers richly ornamented with statues.
On either side are the Mirror Lakes.
which form a part Of the Grand Canal.
more than a mile in length. which
surrounds the main group OF buildings.
We come next to the Esplanade, which
is nearly two-ffths of mile long
and 450 feet wide. The western end
Marshall County independent., 1901-02-01

greatest" Ihe day of our arrival there
will be to Us one of the two greatest.
The second greatest, l think. will be
the day when we shall have put in
parallel lines bsfOre us what Christ
did for US and what we did for Christ
the one so great, the other so little.
That will be the only embarrassment
in heaven. Ny Lord and my God.
What will We co and what viii we say
when on one side are placed the Saw
ior's great sacrifices for us and our.
small sacrifices for him: his exile,
his humiliation, his agonies on one
hand and our poor. weak, insufficient
sacrifices on the other To make the
contrast less Overwhelming let US
quickly mend Our nets, and. like the
Galilean fisherman, may we be divine
ly helped to cast them on the right
side of the ship.
Marshall County independent., 1901-02-01
Separating Alcohol from Water.

1t is perfectly easy to separate al
cohol from water by subjecting the
mixture to heat; the process is called
distillation. Alcohol boils, and is
consequently converted into vapor. ut
17o degrees Fahrenheit, while water re
quires 212 degrees. If the mixture,
therefore. be subjected to a tempera-
ture of, say, $50 degrees, the alcohol
will pass off as vapor, leaving the wa
ter in its liquid condition. The dis
tilling apparatus is fitted with pipes
surrounded by cold water. and into
tenn tLs vapor is carried. where the
lower temperature coniCnses it into
alcohol again, and as such it runs out
into a vesse placed to receive It
Marshall County independent., 1901-02-01

gineering, public works. constructive
architecture, hygiene and sanitation,
music and the drama; ethnology, arch
aeology, progress of labor and inven-
ton, isolated and collective exhibits;
agriculture. foods and their accessor
les. agricultural machinery and appli-
ances; horticulture, yiticulture; live
stock, horses. cattle, sheep, swine.- pet
stock; forestry and forest products;
fish, fisheries, fish products and ap-
paratus for fishing; mines and metal
lurgy; machinery; manufactures;
transportation exhibits; railways, ves-
sels and vehicles; ordnance. The Ex-
position grounds are in the northern
part of Buffalo, adjacent to the large
and beautiful Delaware Park. They
are about one mile in length from
north to south, and a half a mile wide.
There are $50 acres, including 1873 acres
of improved park lands and lakes.
Entering the grounds by way of the
Lincoln Parkway, the visitor obtains
a magnificent view OF the picture pre-
sented. In the immediate foreground
Is a portion of Delaware Park. one Of
the famous beauty spots Of Buffalo,
with the Park Lake, the North Bay at
the left, and in the foreground south Of
the bay, in course of construction, the
Albright Art Gallery, beautiful per-
manent building OF white marble, the
gift of John ]. Albright OF Buffalo to
his fellow citizens, and costing over
100000. North OF the bay is the New
York State Building, also a permanent
structure of marble. These two build
ings are in the style of Greek temples,
one containing reminders Of the Par
thenon and the other resembling the
Erectheum upon the Acropolis at Ath-
ems
Between the North Bay and the lake,
the city of Buffalo has built at large
expense a new and beautiful bridge
of heavy masonry, known as the
Bridge OF the Three Americas. This
bridge carries the broad thoroughfare
which leads from the main southern
entrance to the approaches of the Ex-