davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The age-herald., 1901-11-03

liefs. the special god of humanity and the creator of mankind, the first man is called his offspring, whereas the Babylo- nian Eve is called Ukhat. 1. e., ''woman,'' just as the mate of Adam, according to one of the Biblical versions Genesis ii., 23) is called Ish-sha. l. e., woman But again the same observation is to be made as in the case of the Creation and De- luge stories.
 The stock whence the Biblical and Babylonian tales spring is common. but the development is independent. In con- sequence the setting is totally different. important variatoins, and the purpose served by the tales is correspondingly un- like.
 The Sabbath, as a religious institution, is far older than the Pentateuchal legisla- tion. It can be traced back to a Babylo- nian prototype, not, however. as a day of rest from labor. but as kind of atone ment day, when by variuos rites and by observing certain restricted regulations the anger of the gods could be appeased. On this old institution the Hebrews grafted their religious ideas and produced the unique institution of day observed as g respite from the weeks toll, which,
The age-herald., 1901-11-03

somewhat general way. That is to say one woman will say three gowns are quite enough to have new in a year when ones wardrobe is kept up properly--one evening gown, one street gown and one dinner gown, each to be purchased at S10O But surely the purchase of three gowns cannot be considered to finish the subject of dressing Hats boots lingerie, gloves, the last one of the most expensive items in a woman's yearly buy ing, and all the smaller niceties that go to give a costume it's finish must be considered as part of a years necessaries.
 Now when you ask is it possible to dress on $500 a year, I say of course 1t is pos sible, just as 1t is possible to dress on nothing year if one has nothing. Many women living in the country, farmers wives and women who live in the moun- tain villages, live from year to year with out the purchase of a new gown or hat. Their dressing costs practically nothing. Should such a woman have $500 a year to dress with she would probably con- sider 1t wildly cxtravagant.
 Dressing on $500 a year is, therefore, quite as simple a proposition as the ques- ton which caused such comment some time ago as to whether a couple could live on $20 a week. A woman who has only $500 year to spend for her dressing will if she Is clever and economical, and especially if she has any skill with her needle, manage to make neat and well chosen toilet for all occasions and keep within the limit of her income.
 She will never approach any smart ness of attire, however. In a gathering of well dressed women she would look out of piece. The plans for making a fine appearance on $500 a year will result in about the same degree of success as an imitation as the flour barrel which the careful housewife transforms into a beautiful Turkish. chair. In other words, while 1t has some dignity a flour bar rel, 1t becomes ridiculous as a Turkish chair.
 For. woman who goes out and keeps up with any social round, even if 1t be a simple one. the allowance of $500 year for dress would be absurdly inadequate. A fashionable society woman spends more than $500 each for her gowns. and
The age-herald., 1901-11-03

and making over an evening gown Tor five seasons which is alleged to be part of the system of dressing on $500 year, woman cannot wear an evening goWh' that has been made over with any suc- cess. It. of all gowns, must be fresh, spruce, new and up to date. AL nome a woman may wear remodelled evening gown, freshened with lace ,or even trim- med, but a woman who makes prac- tice of appearing at dinners dances or receptions in made-over gowns would speedily acquire name for bad dressing.
 There are women in society so se- cure in their position that they attempt this, just as others will wear the most bizarre and impossible fashions. But as a rule, they are women well advanced in years. They do not wear dowdy gowns for economy's sake, but because they have lost interest in dressing. The pres ent era is most extrayagant one in wo- mans dress for the reason that the fash ions change with such rapidity. Hats nowadays are bought by the dozen in season. They change their style almost fortT1ghtly.
 "Take last season, for instance. Bird tcques came with the early autumn then the tilted flower trimmed hat ob- tained an immense popularity, unbecom- ing and unsuitable as 1t was except for carriage wear. After this came the flat. pancake effect, then the flower hats and then the Gainsborough. And these were not the hats of year, but the hats of a season.
 Materials nowadays are most perish able. Twenty years ago the purchase of a silk gown meant obtaining some thing that would last forever. Some of the old brocades are more. beautiful to- day than when they were purchased orig inally. Now it is lace robe that takes my lady's fancy and costs from s200 to $700 These robes are very fragile and fine, and tear apart in their delicate pat terms with almost the same degree of rapidity with which the spangled gowns of two seasons ago were ruined. They rarely survived dinner and never a dance. Then chiffon is so largely used today and nothing so quickly wilts and loses it's beauty and freshness.
The age-herald., 1901-11-03
Can She CIOtF7e
 Herself on $3OOP

after they have grown shabby. There must be walking shoes and house shoes and slippers and other ties suitable to wear with a dinner toilet. Even with the usual allowance of boots on hand she cannot possibly get through the year with out two new pairs.
 Now we come to another serious item hats. Made over hats and home-trim- med hats can be worn, it is true, for or- dinary. No woman, even the most rig idly careful, can get along without two new hats In a year. Most women have half a dozen and some have twenty.
 Hats are not cheap luxuries. No wo- man of taste will buy a cheap hat. She will continue to wear an old one that is good in preference. The lowest possi- ble estimate for two hats is $40. There re- mains still to be considered the awful subject of gloves. Dainty women will not wear a pair of gloves twice. The woman who wears them many times and yet keeps them fresh looking will still have to buy many dozens of gloves in year. Therefore, the question of dressing well on three hundred year can be disposed of. It Is impossible.
 If any of the Washington ladies could put down in figures their actual plans for arranging this matter of dress and could prove that thelr plans are pracucaDle 1t would be of inestimable value to other women of limited means. For while 1 personally do not think a woman can dress correctly on that sum, there are many women spending much more than that who never appear we'll dressed, and the advice conveyed in a three hundred dollar schedule would aid them.
 Tt is true there are some women who never seem to wear their clothes out. They are extremely careful in the folding and putting away and brushing of gar ments. They boast that they make their veils and gloves last longer than other women and they actually keep clothes in good condition in marvellous sort of way. But no one would ever call them well dressed. They look. on the contra ny, eccentric in dress, the materials and styles they affect beipg long gone out of l fashion"
The age-herald., 1901-11-03

Pentateuch aims to avoid. The ideal which it holds up Is not commerce, but agriculture. It has no sympathy with commercial expansion; it does not hold out the hope-nay, it distinctly discour- ages the prospect-of the people becom- ing the rivals of the Babylonians and Phoenicians, the great merchants of an- tiquity. The progeny of Abraham Is to be "as numerous as the sands of the sea-" but nowhere is wealth held up either as goal or even a possibility.
 The picture which the compilers of the Pentat teuchal codes had in mind was that of each man sitting with his family under the shade of his fig tree. Every paterfamilias was to own the land which he cultivated. Country life is given the preference over city life. Hence interest is intentionally tabooed as the effective blow against converting the people into commercial nation. Such regulation. again. which prohibits the priests from owning lands-a certain number of cities being merely set aside in order to furnish revenue--is evidently aimed against Babylonian conditions. where the temples were large landowners and had, in fact. developed into enormous business estab-
The age-herald., 1901-11-03

pretty arrangement of the hair this is cer- tainly a pretty toilet specially suitable for young girl.
 Then there are innumerable dinner bodices and separate skirts, but for spe- cial dinners a woman would feel decided ly shabby in these made-up costumes, and most women would prefer to remain at home. Suitable enough for entertain Ing at home or for small functions they become impossible when placed beside ihe newer gowns of other women with more than three hundred year to spend Therefore, for a woman who expects to oine out dinner gown Is a necessity.
 "A good dinner dress will cost s1O0, al- though it may be made up for less. Some times an economical buyer will have two Dodices made, one with a low eorsage for evening wear at parties or dances and another with long sleeves and high neck for receptions in the afternoon: this gown must serve for theater' wear as well; alternating with the older dresses of the wardrobe.
 Now $2O0 of the $500 have vanished ait the beginning of the winter. Every wo- man knows that for summer wear innum- erable gowns are necessary if she leaves town for a seashore hotel or cottage But assuming that she buries herself in some mountain farm house she still must replenish the summer wardrobe. There are little summer gowns that may be made up at home by clever fingers, but 1 they cost something. Then there are the cotton shirts that are part of every womans wardrobe nowadays.
 If she replenishes the stock even so slightly she must have one wash gown 1 and one. cotton waist. And this, by the way, dooms her to wear old-fashioned 1 shirt waists all summer for the cut of i these garments changes with the seasons; the shoulders, sleeves and yokes take on new lines. But making low estimate we will say these two items cost her, with collars ties, belts, the sum of $25. This -disposes of her gowns for the entire year. It gives her no new spring cos tune.
 ''The sum of $75 remains There is the question of boots, which must be of l good quality and which cannot be worn
The age-herald., 1901-11-03

from being an 'inauspicious" occasion, a diesirae, is viewed as delight
 The sacrificial ritual of Leviticus pre- sents striking parallels to customs pre- vailing at an early period in Babylonian temples but stipulations of a secular character, such as the regulation of trade the restrictions of the creditors power of the debtor. the land laws. laws of inheritance and the like more betray Babylonian influences.
 There are. however, two sides to this influence. While Babylonian models are followed in certain respects, it is also manifest that the Pentateuchal legisla- tfon is pervaded by a spirit of opposition to Babylonian conditions. Such laws as the prohibition to take interest for money loaned to one in distress Exodus xii, 24: Leviticus, XIV, 80; compare Psalms xv.. 5 is a protest against the business of money lending as carried on in Baby lonia, where thousands of tablets found beneath the mounds reveal the extent to which this enterprise was developed in the commercial centers of the Euphrates Valley. Of course, without money lend ing commerce on a large scale cannot be carried on. but this is exactly what the
The age-herald., 1901-11-03

"A woman who has to dress on a small income is always confronted with choice between buying neN gowns of less expensive material and wearing out the old gowns and keeping her costume fresh with a good hat and irreproachable boots and gloves. But women get to hate these frocks so excellent in quality that they never will wear out. The sleeves get old fashioned in a season and may be re- modelled but tailored work does not lend itself gracefully to these alterations.
 ITO estimate in figures what a woman can do who, with an ordinarily well stocked wardrobe, starts to keep it up on three hundred year is not difficult She reaches certain point and then she goes in debt or borrows or presents the sad spectacle of woman who is aping correct dress but missing its essential points. Certainly she will require one good tailor gown for church and for visit ing Her last years gown may still be good and she can rest her newer frock by substituting the second best for shop ping and for wear in weather which may threaten.
 For marketing for travelling and for rainy days she may wear the still older gowns that may yet remain in good con dition. That is, she may do this, if she Is economizing The well-dressed woman nds Her eo"iis ioi liaFetias anu Aoi ioAhy day wear made for her by her tailor and will not think of these makeshifts in the way of dressing. But We are now dis cussing the woman with three hundred a year.
 For the absolutely indispensable new tailor gown she will pay s10O. It is use less to quote cheap tailors' prices. A well made old gown. is preferable to that of cheap maker. Now it is quite possi- ble in these days of pretty bodices for a woman to dine in a tailor gown. But 1t is not desirable, although a convenient custom for women with limited time and income. But every woman should dress for dinner. No matter how simple the | toilet it should be a special one.
 For the dinner gown the woman of ingenuity manages to utilize summer dresses for dinners at home all through l the winter. With sash ribbon and a
The age-herald., 1901-11-03
CROMWELL THE LITTLE

From the St. James Gazette.
 The wheel of fortune has strange turn inss, but it has not often turned so com :p1etely round as in the spring of 1859 In April Richard Cromwell sat on the throne Of England. King in all but name, mas ter of two palaces, with an allowance of tf10,000 year. In May he wandered home less in a strange land. fugitive, net from justice, but from the law. In his Trunks were the congratulations he had received a month or two before from the crowned heads of Europe. A dozen years before his fathers name had made the world tremble; now 1t was a name to which his son dared not answer. His wife waited fifteen years for his return, and died at last without seeing him again; his favorite daughter, Dorothy was married and buried in few months She was the only Cromwell. somebody has yaid. ''born in the purple"
 Cromwell came home at last to live 1n lodgings at 10 shillings week. Mo- body guessed that the MT. Clarke who lived quietly and simply at Chestnut was the man who had been protector of the Commonwealth. Mrs. Pengelly, his land lady, kept his accounts in great detail, and Sir Richard Tangye has unearthed many of them, which give us strange 8iinpEcb Ol tnc ldJtE llIe OI cromwell { son. He smoked a great deal, paying 2s Sd. per gross for his, ''pypes;" and he was generous even in his poverty. On one occasion he borrowed f2 from his land lady. who entered it down for the day when you had your feast'' When his daughters came to see him from Hurs- ley, his home in better days, Richard would treat them to comfortable din- ner in Westminster, borrowing the money from good Mrs. Pengelly. who seems to have done something to soften the hard fate to which an ungrateful country had doomed the son of Cromwell.
 More than once Richard came to his last shilling. Once. when visiting his daughters at Hursley. he had to put off his return for want of a shirt. But gen. erally he seems to have been a tolerably happy man. blessing everybody in spite of circumstances, blaming none. Whcu Queen Mary died he spent half crown we are told, on a pair of mourning gloves His last days were made unhappy by a painful quarrel with his daughters con corning the property at Hursley Tha daughters did their utmost to deprive their father of his rights. as though his life had not been hard enough, and in his old age Richard. who had left Whitehall palace freely years before, was driven from his own home. A law suit estab- lished his rights at last, and before his deatn the Ianiiy was at peace again. Live in love; 1 am going to the God of love" he said to his daughters as he lay dying at Hursley in TIP.
 There is a story told of a great cere- monial in which Queen Anne was the central figure. The Queen was surround ed by host of gayly dressed courtiers and in the throng was an old man of s. wearing the plain dress of a country farmer. Have you ever seen such sight before?' asked a looker-on, and the throng was startled to hear the old man say: Never since I sat in hcf chair" It was Cromwells son.
The age-herald., 1901-11-03

How can a woman dress on $500 a year? Is the subject that is being discussed since the statement was made by several women in Washington that that sum was sufficient to enable a woman to dress properly.
 Tt is impossible" some women de- clare. 'I dress on half that amount" say others, and the saleswomen in the shops and the matinee girls over their Ice cream soda are talking seriously about the matter and taking sides in the argument for and against economy.
 Three hundred dollars year is exactly s25 a month. The average woman spends this amount for gloves, veils. ribbons and the various small belongings that go to impart the air of freshness necessary to a woman's toilet. Soaps. perfume. pow ders and other dressing necessaries hair dressing, manicuring, matinees, car and cab fare will very easily consume as much more.
 Some very careful women will manage to get all these small necessaries out of s25, but only with the greatest economy. When one stops to consider the purchase of gowns, hats, boots and lingerie as well as the smaller finishing touches of dress out of the sum, it will seem not only to the average woman, but also te the average man, that the feat is en- trey impossible.
 Yet the assertion that Mrs. Theodore Roosevelt wife of the President. had given that sum as necessary yearly ex- penditure for a woman's dressing was followed by very frank statements made by women conspicuous in Washington society that the sum was ample for a yearly replenishing of a woman's ward robe, provided the wardrobe was all ready in good condition.
 woman who has made profession of designing and making woman's gowns said when asked for an opinion regard Ing the matter of what a woman's gonws should cost in year:
 T have read the statements, but have noticed that they were all made in a
The age-herald., 1901-11-03

yer, dentist, shoemaker. postmaster and detective force.
 To transport the Ringing circus from one city to another requires a train which lacks but 1S0 feet of being one mile long. This home on wheels is ordinarily handled by five engines, but there have been instances in the far West where mountains are. to be climbed when as many as thirteen have been necessary to haul the circus to town. The handling of such show is made possible only by most rigid discipline ana perfect sys- tenn of management
 The first thing to be unloaded when the trains begin to arrive in town are the commissary wagons. By the time these have been hauled to tile lot the boss canvasnan and his gang have measured off the field marking with an iron pin from which a white ribbon futters every spot where stake is to be driven thus guiding the sledge corps in the work of
The age-herald., 1901-11-03

Stores of the Arabian Knights offer no picture more mysterious or bewilder- ing to the uninitiated than the arrival of a big circus in a city. One night citi- zens go to sleep in absolute peace and quiet. The next morning the shrill notes of the calliCoe awaken them and they look in amazement upon a broad ex- panse of undulating canvas where yes terday small boys played baseball on a vacant lot
 Entertainment played no part in the erection of this city of a night Hard work and system that now shelters hum dreds of strange people and animals. The exhibition grounds of a big circus may indeed be called a city, for though it has no state charter, nor common council, 1t has it's own hotel, blacksmith shop. laundry, wagon shop. general store, <2r- Der shop dynamo plant, harness shop and paint shop, and it's own doctor, law
The age-herald., 1901-11-03
BdbuI0nian Influence on the Bible

 Dr. Morris Jastrow in the Independent.
 Details cannot be discussed and hence one can do no more than refer to the important variations, and the purpose exist between Babylonian and Hebrew traditions. The story of Adam and Eve no longer stands alone. In the same Gilgamish epic which contains the story of the deluge there is found an episode of Q. wild man of the woods going about naked who associates with the animals of the fields as Adam does Genesis it, 1s, 2O) until a more suitable mate is brought to him in the shape of a woman. Att tracted by her he deserts his former as- sociates and clings to the woman. The Babylonian Adam bears the significant name of Ea-bani. 1. e., "Ea creates" or ''the creation of Ea." The latter being. according to one phase of Babylonian be-
The age-herald., 1901-11-03

tiful riders. writhing contortionists, nim- ble acrobats, handsome horses, bands of music and soldiers and golden chariots. And the people who give all this joy to humanity are naturally jolly lot, 1t takes all kinds of people to make a circus, but the good predominates. They are by nature, peaceable, they work hard, live in the open air, cultivate a healthy state of body, and all this tends to make a moral as well as physical type. There is a domestic atmosphere about the train that hauls these people from town to town. Like the snail, they carry their house with them. and they enjoy many more comforts than are generally sup posed.
 The winter quarters of the Ringing show at Baraboo Wis, Is a town in it. self. several hundred men are employed there during the cold months, they have their work shops, their library and read ing room. their clubs their hotel. and their gymnasium.
The age-herald., 1901-11-03

driving the stakes.
 The first tents erected are the dining tents and kitchens and so rapidly do circuses work, that within forty minutes after the first wagon strikes the lot breakfast is served from red hot wagon ranges. By the time breakfast Is ready a good part of the circus has reached the grounds, forest of stakes has appeared ready to receive the guy lines that hold the tents in place and the hungry army of sledge wielders sits down to dine while the canvasmen hoist the poles of the two main tents and raise the heavy sheets of fabric skywards. Breakfast finished, the sledge gang again take up their hammers, and drive the stakes for the stables that the horses may have shelter as soon as their work of hauling the circus to the grounds is done.
 Next the canvasmen eat while the ami nal men and hostlers of the menagerie are hauling the cages into one of the big tents and placing them in their regular
The age-herald., 1901-11-03

order, and leading the big exhibition stock into their pen.s All this work has been accomplished in a remarkably short space of time, everybody has now had his freakfast and the work of erecting the shops and other smaller tents begins. At 10 o'clock the big twelve horse band wagon leads the parade through the streets.
 Excursion trains are unloading the thousands of strangers at the depot and the town is full of golden tinsel, and band music and peanuts and balloons and for the time care-worn people are made young and happy After the parade prep arations begin for the afternoon show. By the time dinner is over the crowds are arriving, the ticket wagons are thrown open, and the business of the day begins. probably the, dressing tents of a large circus are the most mysterious part of the institution for from this quarter of the canvas city .pours a con- stant stream of grotesque clowns, beau
The age-herald., 1901-11-03
Her Gentle Hint.
Froan Life

From Life
 Yes" I proposed to her by letter."
 And what was her reply?' "She simply referred me to a certain chapter and page in The Life of Paul Jones'"
 And what did you find?'
 "It says: After fruitlessly applying for command of the ship by letter he went in person to see about 1t; and then he secured it"