davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The weekly examiner., 1901-07-27
OVERDUE BILL PAID.
Sultan Settles Claims Held Against
 Him by Uncle Sam.
European Diplomats Astounded by Minister Leishman's Success Which Was Due to Firmness
 and PersistenCy,

John G. A, Leishman, United States minister to Turkey, who collected the long debt of the sublime porte to the American government, was recently transferred from his post as minister to Switzerland to the mission at Oonstantinople. He is a native of Pennsylvania and resident of Pittsburgh. His wealth, which is very great, was accumulat ted in the iron and steel industry, from which he retired a few years ago.. This sue cessful diplomat was reared in the Protestant orphan asylum at Ale gheny. He began his business career as an office boy for physician and left that place to accept a similar oc- cupation with the Shoenberger Steel company. This was a lucky stroke. In 12 years he was cashier of the com pany and later formed a partn ership p with w. P. Snyder in the iron broker age business. In 1886 he formed his connection with the Carnegie com pany and remained with that concern until 1897. He is noted for his fine judgment of paintings and for his rare capacity as host.
 Congratulations are appropriately offered to Secretary Hay and MT. Leishman upon their remarkable sue cess in collecting that old $95,oo0 claim of the United States. The achieve ment will be regarded as almost a miracle by the statesmen of Europe, says the Chicago Post. Nearly every civilized nation is Turkeys unwilling creditor, in the sense in which the United States was her creditor, but Uncle Sam is the only member of this "concert" who has actually "seen the color" of the sultan's money.
 There seems to be no doubt that the debt has been collected. The amount was handed over to Minister Leishman, and by him placed in the Ottoman imperial bank to the credit of the United States. The: United States has indulged in no threats or
The weekly examiner., 1901-07-27
JOHN G. A. LEIsHMAN.

buster; it has made no naval demon stra tions in Turkish waters, though at one time the sensational newspapers published cock-and-bull stories about the likelihood of "war" between this country and Turkey over the claims in question.
 The state department has been gen tie, but firm and persistent. It has been at it for more than a decade. The claims, as readers are aware, are chiefly based on the property losses and other injuries sustained by our missionaries and educational institu- tions in connection with the Armen- ian atrocities. At first the porte de- nied all responsibility for the damage, asserting that it had been inflicted by rebellious subjects numerically stronger than the forces of the gov ernment. This excuse was easily rid dled, and then the familiar game of procras tination and subterfuge was resorted to and continued for years.
 Four or five American ministers have successively labored with the sultan and his advisers. They finally convinced him that, unlike Europe. the United States did not mix business with international politics. The fu- ture of Turkey, the designs of this or that power on Constantinop1e, the oalkan troubles and the whole ques- tion of the near east had nothing to do with the clear and simple case of discharging a just debt. .
The weekly examiner., 1901-07-27
LORD CHARLES BERESFORD.
British Admiral Will Resign His Post to Turn Critic of the Salisbury
 Government.

Lord Charles .Beresford, who, it is said, is about to resign his post as commander of the Mediterranean sta tion of the British navy in order that he may have free hand to criticise the governments naval and military administra tion, is perhaps the ablest sailor in Great Britain without any exception. His record in that line is something remarkable for a born peer. Lord Charles, although the marquis of Waterford and the fourth possessor of that high title, has been in the navy since he was 13 and has
The weekly examiner., 1901-07-27
CARDINALS AT ROME.
Have Singular Privileges and Rules
 for Their Conduct.
Always Dress i'm Red and Etiquette Does Not Allow Them to Walk The Sacred College and How
 1t Is Constituted.

While in Rome etiquette does not allow a cardinal to walk. He must have carriage and pair. When he goes out beyond the city walls an at- tendant follows him. Going to pub lie ceremony at the Vatican he is en- titled to a gala train of three car riages, and if prince to four.
 In the pope's chapel the cardinals kneel at the benches on which they sit. They wear at ceremonial func- tions a cassock with train of cloth in winter and of moire in summer. Collars, shoes and stockings are red. The girdIe is of red moire with gold tassels, the rochet of lace and the mo- zetta the same as the cassock. In Rome the rochet is covered with red mante1letta; outside the city it is un- covered. The hat is red felt with gold tassels.
 The cardinals di curia, or those re- siding in Rome, are entitled to year 1y income, or platte cardinalizio of 32,000 lire-about $6, ,40O-which is paid out of the ePter's pence. The cardinal dwelling ordinarily has these special apartments: At the entrance is an antechamber for the dome estics. Above a credence are the arms of the cardinal under canopy. On the wall are suspended his two kneeling cush- ions, one of red and the other of violet silk, and his two umbrellas of the same colors. These last are for cov- ering him when he is making solemn entry into a church or. following the viaticum bareheaded. The second room is for the cardinals secretary. The third is called the antechamber of the biretta, because the red biretta is placed there on console before a crucifx. Then comes the throneroom.
 When a cardinal asserts that the pope has said this or that, or has given such an order, he must be believed on his word without being obliged t.
The weekly examiner., 1901-07-27
COL. STOWE RESIGNS.
United States Consul General at Cape Town Unable to Live on the
 Salary Allowed.

The resignation of James G. Stowe from the office of consul general of the United States at Capt Town, Cape Col ony, has been received at the state de- partment. Col. Stowe says the salary or $3 1000 is not sufficient for his ex- penses, and he is, therefore, compelled to leave the consular service.
 Cape. Town, he explains, is the most expensive place in the world, but the salary is not as large as that of some consuls at posts where living is cheap. Other governments recognize this, and
The weekly examiner., 1901-07-27

(The Most Popular Member of the Sacred
 College.'D
 prove it. This is called the oruculum vivae vocis.
 Cardinals should be 30 years of age Mgr. Martinelli will be one of the youngest members of the college. He is now 53. Cardinal Skebensky, arch bishop of Prague, is the youngest, be- ing only 3S. Cardinal Wives y Tuto comes next. He is AT. Then Mgr. Martinelli fits in, says the Baltimore Sun
 When the sacred college is complete fthere are 70 cardinals, namely six bishops, 50 priests and 14 deacons. Cardinals of a lower order have, with the consent of the pope, the right of option to pass to higher order. The -deacons can chose the vacant places of the cardinal priests if they have been deacons for ten years, and have been ordained to the priesthood. The senior cardinal priest present in Rome when one of the six bishoprics falls vacant has the option to succeed to it, with the exception of the sees of Ostia and of Porto, which are re- served for the dean and the subdean gO1 tnC SnN1Cu NO4ACSC" AAC uCdA 4S the senior cardinal, dating from his promotion to one of the sees.
 There are now 67 cardinals Ita1- fans and 27 of other nationalities. It is said that Pope Leo XIII. desires always to have the membership near the plenum, or limit, and that he said just before making out the recent list of 12 new cardinals:
 Better that there should be as many as possible to choose from in the next conclave." Pope Plus TX, having had the longest reign, created the most cardinals, 179; Pope Leo XIII. has buried 136 cardinals since he began his pontifcate.
 Besides Cardinal Martinelli seven other cardinals have had to do with the church of North America. They are Cardinal Cheverus, the first bishop of Boston; Cardinal McCloskey, arch bishop of New York; Cardinal Gib- bons, of Baltimore; Cardinal Tascher- eau, of Quebec; Cardinal Perisco, bish- top of Savannah; Cardinal Mazzella, the Jesuit theo1ogian and professor at the college at Woodstock, Md, and Cardinal Satolli, former delegate to the United States. Of these cardinals Cheverus, Perisco and Mazzella had le&t this country before they were iereated cardinals.
The weekly examiner., 1901-07-27
PURPLE FOR MULDOON.
Chancellor of the Archdiocese of Chicago Is Created Auxiliary
 Bishop by the Pope.

Rev. P. J. Muldoon, pastor of St.. Charles Borromeo's church, has been chosen auxiliary bishop for the Roman Catholic archdiocese of Chi cago.
 His appointment was confirmed by the authorities at Rome, June Il, and although, no definite day has been set for his conservation, it is thought the services will be held August 24 at the Holy Name cathedral, Chicago.
 The news of the selection of Fa- ther Muldoon did not come as Q sur
The weekly examiner., 1901-07-27
Rebuke to stfngy Employers

Judge Danforth, of Maine, believes that fair salary tends to keep a man honest. Lately, in speaking of con- victed bank cashier, he said: 'I wish shat the law permitted me to send with the accused every one of the bank directors who, through long term of ysars, expected you to do your work live respectfully, bring up large fam fly and be honest-all on a salary of $500 a year." ''-
The weekly examiner., 1901-07-27

member of other military organiza- tions.
 He has never held public office and was never a candidate till two years ago, when he was defeated for the gubernatorial nomination by John R. Mclean. He has been especially pop ular among workingmen and is an honorary member ol the Columbus trades and labor assembly. For years he was the next door neighbor of the late Senator Allen G. Thurman and was his close counselor. His father formerly represented the Columbus district in congress and his grandfa- ther was one of the earliest settlers of that city.
The weekly examiner., 1901-07-27
PaternaIism in Russia.

The prices of medical prescriptions in Russia are regulated by the govern ment. No druggist is permitted to combine three ingredients in pre- scription, the cost of which is but one cent, and charge for it from 30 cents to a dollar '.
The weekly examiner., 1901-07-27
New York's Great Bridge

i: New York expects that within six years $oo,ooo,ooo bridge will be com. fpleted across the North river for the use of all railways centering at Jer- Isey City. It took 16 years to build the first Brooklyn bridge, but inn imensely larger suspension bridges can now be constructed in one-third the time.
The weekly examiner., 1901-07-27
Peculiar Swiss Regulation.

When doubts arise regarding the ages of children on cars or steam boats in Switzerland, they are meas ured. All children under two feet in height are to have free passage; those between two and four feet are to pay half fare, and full fare is charged for all over four feet in height.
The weekly examiner., 1901-07-27
The Largest Known Plan

The largest plant in the world is probably the giant sea weed, called by scientists nereocytis This plant often grows to a height of 300 feet, It grows around the South Sea is- lands where the natives use it for rope. ;
The weekly examiner., 1901-07-27
Public Baths i'm Japan.

Public bathing houses are numerous in Japanese cities. In Tokio there are 500 of them, and the cost of a bath, hot or cold, is only sum equal to the value of an American cent.
The weekly examiner., 1901-07-27

BRIG. GEN. FRED FUNSTON. (Will Leave the Army Soon to Engage in
 Commercial Work.)
 thoroughly discussed by officers at the war department, and while no one seemed to have any direct infor- nation concerning his intentions the statement that he would leave the army was generally accepted as trues People. in Washington who knoW Funston say that he is not by nature adapted to the routine of military part in times of peace and that his spirit of daring and enterprise will lead him into other fields.
 Officers who have returned within the past few days said he did not ex- pect the promotion that resulted from his capture of Aguinaldo and that when he was shown the cable aT16 "a the war department an<
 5ntment as A hr.iQaz dier general he expre ssed hHt0nis ll- ment that his exploit should have led the president to accord shim such recognition. At that time, it is said, he was making arrangements to get }. out of the army, his intention then being to accept a proposition of a large business concern to represent it in the Philippines. The promotion for the time being, of course, divert ed his attention from such plans. The offer is said to have been re- newed since, and as it would bring him a much larger salary than that of brigadier it is understood he has almost decided to accept it.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1901-08-07
Bedrooms and Breathing.

While no scientist. think, will rec
ommend less than seven cubic feet OF
air each minute for an adult, DR.. Reed
gives ten as the smallest amount tEat
will meet the wants of the body. All
of this, of course, is not absolutely
used, only needed that purity may be
secured. The average room-12 by 10
and s feet high-even if the room is
empty, will consume only 9Go cubic
feet, or enough to supply air for one
person for about two hours. Now
when two or even four persons occupy
such a room, the doors and windows
closed to keep out the supposed poi
sonous night air. it is not strange that
the stencil Of vitiated air is overpower-
ing to one who enters the room after
breathing the pure air of heaven, such
as the good Father intended for use
Weekly Eouquet.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1901-08-07
Sacred to the Memory Of
Mrs Mary NcHard
George III and the wismakers.

George HI and the W1gmakeESs
When George III ascended the throne
of England, his wealthy subjects were
beginning to leave of wigs and to ap-
pear in their own hair, ''if they had
any" AS the sovereign was himself
one of the offenders, the peruke max
ers, who feared serious loss Of trade
prepared petition. in which they pray
ed his majesty to be graciously pleased
to shave his head" for the good of dis
tressed workmen and wear wig. as
his father had done before him.
When the petitioners walked to the
royal palace, however, it was noticed
that they wore no wigs themselves. AS
this seemed unfair to the onlookers.
they seized several Of the leading pro
cessionists and cut their hair with any
implement that came most readily to
hand.
From this incident arose host Of
curious caricatures. The wooden leg
makers were said to have especial
claims on :he kings consideration. In
asmuch as the conclusion Of peace had
deprived them Of a profitable source OF
employment; hence the suggestion that
his majesty should not only wear a
wooden les himself. but enjoin the peo-
pie to follow his laudable example.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1901-08-07
WHAT is SUCCESS?

Is it to worship car:hl:'. erovelin- cod
And, dollar blinded, to look only down,
To rake the muck heap and forget the crown
Until Youths bounding blood creeps strangely
cold;
To dwell with envy, arrogance and dread,
To barter all benevolence for dross,
To lose companionship nor feel its loss
Because the flower OF sympathy is dead,
Is that success?
To labor for the rainbow bubble fame;
Afoat so fairly in the morning air,
A perfect jewel for prince to wear,
Is it a rccompense for all its claim?
Through careful night and crowded, strenuous
day,
Through iron rebuff CT fatte-y, like snow
That leaves one thirsty, it is grasped, and, 10,
It vanishes in nothingness away!
Is that success?
With comrade duty in the eark or day
To follow truth wherever it may lead.
To hate all meanness, cowardice or greed,
To look for beauty under common clay,
Our brothers burden sharing when they weep,
But. if we fall, to bear defeat alone;
To live in hearts that loved US when we're gone
Beyond the twilight (till the morning breaD to
sleep,
That is success!
Ernest Neal Lyon in Success.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1901-08-07
sDaily. tDaily except Sunday

sDsily. fDaily except Sunday
No. So runs through to Col1mhia via Ceo.
:ral r. r. of s. O.
Trains Nos. 7s and 80 run ria Wilson and
fsyetteviile-Short Line-and make close
connection for sll points North
Trains on @. Z R. r. leave Florence
iai'v except Sunday SO q N, arrive Darling.
ton ol5s NJ, Rartsville IS N, Cheraw
IL 80 m, Wsdesboro rs N. Leave
Florence daily except Sunday Z 55 n, ar
rive Darlington 40 p m, Bennestsviile II
D m, Gibson IS ~ Leave Florence
Sunday only 9 80 m. STRIVE Darlington
10 o5 N
Leave Gibson daily except sundsy 6 oa
8 10, Bennettsville 90 N, arrive Darling.
tor 90 q N, leavs Darlington so m, ar
rive Florence Is N. Leave Wadesborc
laily except Sunday 90 N, Cheraw 4s
N, Hartsville z 90 N, Darlington Is
N, arrive Florence 90 N. Leave Dar-
!ington Sunday only 8 80 m. arrive Flo
.pce Is N
r KENLEY, JNO. r. DIVINE
Geo'l Manager. Gen'l Sup
q H. EMERSON, Traffic Manager
TN E4ERSON. Gen'l Pass Agent
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1901-08-07
FLATFlsHEs' EYES.
a Migration Which Takes Place Aft-
er the Creatures Birth.

a Migration Which Takes Place Ate
er the Creatures Birth.
Flatfshes keep their white and blind
side on the muddy or sandy bottom
and pretend that the upper and spec
kled side is part of that bottom. This
they do to avoid observation, for in
spite Of their awkward shape they are
swallowed at sight by pertinacious enc
mics, to the manifest discomfort Of
both. A greedy cormorant curling up
and attempting to swallow a plaice,
which tries to be as disobliging as pos
sible, affords an object lesson not soon
forgotten on the way not to behave at
mealtimes. But the bird usually sue
ceeds in it's object, and the fatfsh, in
spite Of persistent efforts to retain its
natural hatness, at last disappears
down the round, elastic throat Of the
cormorant. With a view to avoid un-
pleasantnesses Of this kind, soles are
wont to hide themselves in the sand,
keeping only their eyes above the sur
face to act as sentinels.
In reality the dark surface Of sole,
plaice or turbot is its side and not its
back. It is true that both eyes are Wis
ible, which is not the case when
mackerel or a conger is laid on its side,
but this is simply owing to the fact
that one eye Of fatfsh has since the
creatures birth passed across what we
nev ca1I tho bridge of its nose to keep
company with the other eye.
The wandering eye begins its migra-
ton at a very early age-so early, in
ceed, that it is little difficult to detect
it on its journey. A plaice fifth Of an
inch in length and days old carries
one eye on each side Of its nose. When
three-ffths Of an inch long and about
2 months old, the left eye has crossed
over to the right side. Lemon soles
when one inch long or months old
have the left eye on the edge Of the
head, but when double that size and 6
months old both eyes are found on the
right side. a sole assumes its Iopsided
aspect by the time it has been hatched
2 months. When q turbot is half an
inch in length, the right eye just be-
gins to peep over the center arch Of the
bridge, at three-quarters Of an inch 1t
is half way across, and at an inch the
passage is complete and the two eyes
look out from the left side Of the head.
-Longman's Magazine.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1901-08-07
sA-evva re,c- the Great.


;t.:.2r tie G;.:.;c:tt ;;.t.c::1;ed rather nov
;, leans 10 cocvi2cc lis subjects tat
.lry Should change their clothes 10
*, ::->:~.::.l VITA tle iaoGern Costumes Ct
western Europe Believing. as is we'd
kccN-E historically, that TIE future
greatness Of Russia depended upon the
facility with which it was made to as
si.atlate al that was best in other
countries. he had succeeded in introduc-
ing some important innovations into
the half civilized region over which he
held sway. At length he had patterns
of cloth hung up at the gates OF the
towns, and those who did not conform
to the fashions thus set were docked
publicly, albeit this was done in as
pleasant a manner as possible, for Pc
ter believed in being good natured with
his people. They, on the other hand
loudly demurred and used the argu-
ment that what was good enough for
their forefathers was good enough for
them.
every WELL" said the sagacious Pc
ter. II 1903 he gave dinner at MOS
COW to celebrate the marriage Of one
Of his testers and insisted that it should
be conducted in strict conformity with
ancient usage. There had formerly
been & superstitious custom OF not
lighting fire on wedding. So Peter
made them do without a fire, although
It was very cold. He wouldn't give
them any wine, because their forera-
theirs never drank it. When they re-
monstrated, he reminded them that II
~as a DOOR rule which did not WORK al
around, and thus by his good natureo
greatness wheedled his people into new
coats, about the hardest thing that can
be done with humanity.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1901-08-07
The Mayor Who cou1dn't spen aIT.s

The Mayor Who Couldn't Spell "IG.'
During tie several terms that TiEI
Campbell served il congress he was al-
ways prominent before the house. One
Of his colle2 CUES from Manhattan was
Colonel Jack Adams, who, 4 lawyer.
while he and Mr. Campbell were in
congress together spent most Of his
time working off practical jokes at the
expense Of the east side statesman.
Tim had been in and cut of Tammany
Hall several times, those changes de-
pending on whether his claims were
recognized or repudiated.
A very hot political canvass found
Tim one Of the stanchest adherents Of
the Hall. Colonel Jack had had fall
ing out with the powers and was just
as strong on the other side. Tim took
this very much to heart, as his admira-
ton for his fellow congressman was
very strong. He concluded that, where
all others had failed to bring Colonel
Jack back into the fold, he (Tim) could
succeed.
Now, Jack, Tim said lnSlnuat1ngly,
what Go you want to so and fight the
mayor for? Sure, he's fine young fell
low, bright and enterprising and one
of the best educated men in America"
Educated" exclaimed Colonel Jack
contemptuously. Educated. did you
say?"
nc,,-a hoe ono of +ro verv host afIr1.
Gated young fellows in this city"
Educated" reiterated Adams, put
ting an extra dose Of contempt into his
voice. what would you say, Tim, if !
told you that he was so little educated
that he spells if' with only one TT"
Does he do that" responded Tim in
g heartbroken tone.
tHe does"
"Well, then, I have nothing further
to say. l don't blame you."-Saturday
Evening Post.