The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1901-05-20
ears. while the sheep show decided

gains
The average weight of the dressed car
casses for 1899, as shown by the books of
the slaughter house, was 420 pounds,
showing the size of the beeves Through
the courtesy of Dr. William T. Monsar-
rat, veterinarian for the city of Homo
lulu, the writer several times visited the
slaughter house and inspected the ami
mails killed. They were only fairly fat
tened and were common island cattle
and sheep.
Diseases.-Upon investigation it was
found that Texas fever, so common in
the South, was unknown on the islands
also learned from DR.. Koebele, the en-
tomologist, that the cattle tick Roophi-
lus bovis) had not yet found a Judgment
upon any of the islands. 1t would, there
fore, be well to extend the quarantine
restrictions now prevailing in the Unit
ed States with regard to the movement
of cattle from the infected to the nom
infected districts to these islands at
once, to prevent the Introduction of the
cattle tick. 1t is possible that the latter
when once introduced may find most
suitable conditions for rapid multiplied
ton, and doing so destroy many of the
cattle of the islands
Upon investigation it was learned that
both tuberculosis and liver fiuke were
common among the cattle on the islands
of Oahu and Kauai, rare on the island
of Maui, with very few cases of the for
mer and none of the latter on Hawaii
and the other islands. Efforts were be-
ing made to eradicate the tuberculosis
from the dairy herds around Honolulu
using tuberculin as the diagnostic agent
Quite an effort is being made as the
above list of ranches will show, to intro
duce better beef blood on the islands
Herefords, Shorthorns and Angus have
all been tried They have been brought
mainly from New Zealand. Preference
seems to have been bestowed upon the
Herefords, as adapting themselves more
quickly to the prevailing ranch condi-
tons of the islands. Mr.. Low informs
me that he imported about forty bulls
of the Shorthorn and Hereford breeds,
and upon arrival turned them on his
ranch with his native cattle. In a few
days it was found that the Herefords
had acquired the habit of the natives of
''eating" water, and were doingS well,
while the Shorthorns had to be removed
to lower attitudes and furnished with
water to save their lives.
There is great room for the further inn
provement of the island cattle, and there
should be profit in fattening improved
grades for the shambles of Honolulu. As
a rule, cattle are raised on ranches to
an elevation of 1000 feet; beyond this,
sheep are more profitable; wild cattle,
however, range much higher up.
DIARIES.
There are but few diaries on the island
except those that directly supply the
markets of Honolulu and Hilo. Nearly
all of the butter used on the islands is
imported, and the prices of both milk
and butter are high.
In and around Honolulu are many dali
ries which supply the city with milk.
There is central association, the stock
of which is owned by the diaries, which
buys all of the milk of the dairies and
then retails it to the city. This associa-
ton pays the dairyman TX cents, and
retails it to the consumer a L cents per
quart Butter sells readily at 80 cents
per pound. These dairies largely grow
sorghum, guinea grass, alfalfa, ETC.. for
soiling their cows. They gather the al
garoba bean and, grinding it to meal.
feed it with wheat bran or cotton-seed
meal. Wheat bran and algaroba meal,
compounded, supplemented with
green sorghum, constitute a most excel
lent ration for mich cows.
In the diaries adjoining Honolulu may
be found some excellent jerseys. Mr..
William G.. irwin, one of lne wealthiest
citizens of Honolulu, has a herd of inn
proved Jerseys that would be highly
priced in any country.
SHEEP
Sheep occupy mainly the smaller ISL
ands of the group, though the largest
island HAWAII, has two enormous focks,
one of 3O,0OO owned by Hon. Samuel Par
ker, ana another of $4,000, owned by the
Keamoku Sheep Ranch.
The Island of Kahoolawe as previously
noted, is one large sheep ranch, having
over 1900 head. Besides the sheep, .nere
are a few mules.
Lanai has $4,000 head of sheep, besides
the 1000 head of cattle previously given.
Molokai has about 1000 head, while
Niihau has over 10000 head of grade me-
rinos, the property of Messrs. Gay &
Robinson, whose herd of grade Short
horns has already been noted. The 9TH
er islands are reported without sheep.
With the exception of the merino flock
just mentioned, effort at improving
the native sheep has been made. The
average weight of the dressed carcasses
of the sheep slaughtered in Honolulu Is
not far from 40 pounds, as was tested In
the presence of the writer during the
month of August. However, such car
cases bring u cents per pound winch,
together with hide and tallow, gave
value to sheep beyond that obtained or
dinarily for the best grade mutton in the
Chicago markets.
HORSES AND MULES.
There is a small interest in the raising
of horses and mules, the latter being an
adjunct to cattle or sheep ranches ne
large demand of the plantations for the
latter. and the city of Honolulu for the
former is almost exclusively met by i'm
portation, chiefly from the United States.
However, it is pleasant to record e.ie
fact that the Kukaiau Ranch is raising
improved blooded horses, both o. the
trotting and running strain. 1t has colts
of Electioneer and Idylwilo in the stud.
1t is also raising fine, large mules.
Very few hogs are raised on the ISL
ands though the number consumed is
very large. They are imported in vessel
loads directly from the United States.
The Chinese~are extremely fond of pork
and their demand for lhis meat main
tains an active trade with high prices
for hogs The cargo which arrived in
Honolulu in August sold readily at III
cents per pound on the hoof.