davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Butte inter mountain. [volume] (Butte, Mont.) 1901-1912, 1901-10-21
Horses Got in the Wheat.
fSpecial to Inter Mountain.)

Especial to Inter MOuntaln.)
Anaconda, Oct. 21.-The case of c. F..
Schwend ct al VS.. John Pozega, involving
$3.50 damages, is being heard before JUS
tice Duane today. Plaintiffs allege
that horses belonging t. the defendant
destroyed wheat fields in Deer Lodge
valley belonging to them to the extent
of the amount named.
The Butte inter mountain. [volume] (Butte, Mont.) 1901-1912, 1901-10-21
Alderman o'Leary's Hearing.

Especial to Inter Mountain.)
Anaconda, Oct. 21-The hearing of AL
derman Dennis O'Leary, charged with as
sault in the third degree. is scheduled to
come up tomorrow afternoon at o'clock
before Justice Duane. O'Leary attacked
Alderman Williams in a recent council
session, as a result of which the meeting
was broken up.
The Butte inter mountain. [volume] (Butte, Mont.) 1901-1912, 1901-10-21
The "Mikado,"

S. Anaconda, Oct. 21.-The Kerwin-Wil-
bur Opera company presented mi
kado," to an average Sunday audi
ence last night. There are some excel
leM voices with the company, best
arnong them being Forest Huff, as the
Pooh Bah. w. H. Kohnle played an ex-
ceilent Koko.
The Butte inter mountain. [volume] (Butte, Mont.) 1901-1912, 1901-10-21

shere Line te Denver
w. II. MERRlh1AN, Gem. An
The Butte inter mountain. [volume] (Butte, Mont.) 1901-1912, 1901-10-21
Tie Daily Bank and Trust Com
pany of Anaconda.
Anaconda, Ilontana.

Anaconda. Ilontana.
General banking in all branches Sell
exchanges on New York. Chicago, st.
Paul. Omaha, San Francisco. ETC.. and
draw direct on the principal cities OF
England. Ireland. F<ance. Germany and
the Orient. Deposits Of $1.09 and up-
ware received.
Correspondents
NATIONAL CITY BANK. New YORK.
FIRST NATIONAL BANK. .Chica 70
FIRST NATIONAL BANK. ....St. PAM
OMAHA NATIONAL BANK. Omaha
BANK OF CALIFORNIA; San Francisco
J0B1 R. TcoLE, President.
/ II. B. GREENWOOD, vice-Prest.
l. LOUIS v. BENNETT, Cashier.
T. G. NoRBECK, Asst. cashis.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1901-04-30
FROM A ROWAN FARMER.

Correspondence OF The Progressive Farmer.
Twill tell your readers something
that will certainly benefit them.
Frequently when COWS calve they
have trouble passing the afterbirth.
If ten or twelve raw eggs are broken
in their mouths or mixed in their
feed, it will not fail to have ne de
sired effect.
I have been told, and am now try
ing it, that tablespoonful of blue
stone put in a pear tree by boring u
hole in the tree and putting the blue
stone in it is an effectual remedy for
blight. A friend of mine tells me
after removing all the affected limbs
and using the blue stone several
years since has never seen any sign
of it since. ONo' DhAhD'
Rowan Co., n. G.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1901-04-30
SUMMARY OF RESULTS IN TENNESSEE
STOCK FEEDING.

Experiments at the Tennessee Ex-
pertinent Station lead to the follow
ing conclusions as set forth in bull
letin just issued:
/. Tennessee is admirably adapted
to the production of stockers which
can be successfully fed on the prod
ucts Of the rich valley farms
2. Stock husbandry has a valuable
effect on soil fertility, as go per cent.
and over of the fertilizing ingredients
consumed in the foods are available
for the restoration Of soil fertility.
3. Cotton seed bran is too expen-
sive for roughness and has an un-
favorable effect on digestion, pro,
ducing impaction Of the rumen. Ten
nessee farmers cannot afford to use
it in this form, and all the rough
ness needed in cattle feeding can be
PRODUCED more cheaply on the farm
than anywhere else.
J. Cow pea vine hay made an adj
mirable substitute for cotton seed
meal AS it is not so rich in protein,
however, it should be fed at the rate
of to 3 pounds of the former for
one pound of the latter.
5. It is seen from these tests that
a home grown ration Of shredded
stover, COW pea vine hay and corn
meal can be fed with success TO a
fair type of native cattle. This
means much to the farmers of Ten
nessee.
6. Tennessee is admirably adapted
ICoNr1NUED ON PAGE s.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1901-04-30
Live Stock.
A DEMAND FOR GOOD HORSES.

Correspondence of The Progressive Farmer,
The excessive drain upon the sup
ply of horses for military purposes
in the last few years has practically
depleted this country's number of
good horses, and there exists to day
an actual shortage which cannot be
made good for several years. The
demand has been chiefly for heavy
hOrses-those suitable for cavalry
and for dragging heavy provision
trains. Horses that would answer
the requirements for these purposes
have been shipped to South Africa,
Manila and Europe in great quanti-
ties. 1t has been impossible to meet
the needs of all requirements be-
cause of the lack of suitable animals.
The demand now is for heavy draft
horses, good animals for horseback
riding, and even for roadsters.
Breeding and rearing of any of these
must return good profits to the
farmer or owner. Horsefesh in the
last few years seems to have recov-
cred from the low depression it
reached a few years ago. Then the
animals reached the lowest stage of
Generalization possible; but the
losses sustained by owners of horses
then were not wholly an evil. There
was some good that came out of it.
Not the least of these was the clean
ing out of all the poor and inferior
animals that had been accommodating
in the country. Years before the
depression prices for horses had been
so good that people paid exorbitant
sums for pretty inferior hOrseflesh.
Breeders found that they could sell
almost anything they raised, and in
a few years the country was flooded
with poor horses. The depression in
prices cleaned out these inferior ami
mails. Some were shot, others frOze
to death on the Western prairies,
and some we're shipped away. Only
the man with good horses decided
that he would not sacrifice his stock,
and he clung to his favorite animals.
Now the country is actually de-
pleted of good horses, and there
never was better time to breed.
The type of animal that is needed
should be an incentive to every
owner of good horsefesh to raise
some for market. Poor horses will
never again pay in this country. If
the present boom continues it will
never include the inferior animals
which a few years ago found a mar
ket. If one cannot raise animals
suitable to do their work we'll in the
world, it will be better to abandon
the business entirely. The farmer
with fair intelligence who has good
stock to begin with never had bet
ter chance to make money from rails
ing good horses, and the time to be-
gin is when the supply is low and
the country depleted of stock.
E. ?. SMITH.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1901-04-30
HARRY FARMERS TALKS.
XIV

Correspondence of The Progressive Farmer.
Our farming this year has been a
little discouraging. Here are some
of the troubles: First, the excessive
rains prevent US from doing our
work second, our potatoes and other
spring crops, including strawberries,
seem to do but little in the way of
growing; third, our main crop of
oats we're put in late so they look
very small compared with the early
fall sowing. Well, we do not have
the blues, but push ahead with hopes
Of good crops in the end. If we only
do our duty, we need not fear the
results.
Nearly all the failures in farming
come from neglect in some period of
the work. In the mercantile world
it is said that about per cent. Of
business men succeed while SO per
cent. fail. Farming can show a
much larger per cent. of successes
than any other calling.
Harry Farmer cautioned farmers
against a large acreage in cotton he
did not look for such a slump in the
market so soon. Now we hear 5
cent cotton talked. A very promi-
nent banker and business man who
is a director in a cotton factury,
wrote to the manager not to buy
much cotton, as the price would be
lower. But the other directors ad
vised the manager to get enough to
supply them until July, which he
did to his sorrow. We mention this
to show you that these high prices
are not always based on the great
scarcity, but is often purely speoula-
tive. When wheat jumped to $50
per bushel few years ago, it was
purely speculative and not shortage
that caused it. Farm products that
can be kept several years without
deteriorating, are not likely = under
go such great change in prices like
perishabIe farm products such as
apples, potatoes, &c. Our farmers
should study the monthly reports Of
the Department of Agriculture and
base their plans more on them just
as the stock broker does and be gov
erned accordingly. We notice that
the plan of determining the cotton
crop has almost reached perfection.
And we farmers should study them
more if we wish to succeed.
The cool wet weather makes the
tent caterpillars bad this spring. A
good plan to destroy them is to wet
them with kerosene oil while they
are in the tents or IN little knots in
the forks of the trees.
Part of our corn crop last year had
good crop of COW peas among the
corn. Part had scarcely any, the
peas having died out from some
cause. The land was sown to oats
and all treated alike, but you Can
see where the heavy pea crop was,
standing a hundred yards away, the
difference is so great. Will report
on this later.
HARRY FARMER.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1901-04-30
HARRY FARMER
Columbus Co., N. G.
AGRICULTURAL GLEANINGs.

To prevent the decay of posts, the
end of the post to be put in the
ground should be charred on fire.
A coat of tar is then applied with a
brush. The tar soaks into the pores
of the wood and after being in the
ground awhile turns into a kind Of
resin, keeping out the water.-E. W.
SpibhaIer, Connoquenessing, Pa.
Following is a tested way of pre-
venting rabbits from eating young
apple trees. On butchering day take
a pail and catch the blood from hogs
and apply with brush to trees ;
painting as high up as the rabbits
can reach. Do this twice year and
the rabbits will never touch your
trees. This we have tried and found
to be sure preventive.-Clara
Jones, Turon, Kansas.
There are many recipes for graf
ing wax, but after trying many |
consider the following the best. To
four pounds of rosin and one pound
of beeswax add one pint of linseed
oil put in an iron pot and heated
slowly and mix we'll. Pour into cold
water and pull by hand until it as
sumes "a light color. Work into
sticks and put into a cool.place until
wanted. like 1inseed oil much bet
ter than animal fat for making graft
ing wax.-JOhn jackson.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1901-04-30

CONTINUED ON PAGE 8.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1901-01-03
THE fund is
GROWING fast

Additional subscriptions 20 the
bsttieship fund turned In this morn
ing are Geo. %. Lyon. 500. Josiah
Collins, So. Louis usEiIa. so Aaron
shawl. SIS. chan. Crowley. SO, a, 9.
kenway. tioo. Watson c. Squire.
fsS9. and u, -. Oids. 500.
The subcommittee. Of which Mr..
Jrirfth Davies IL chairman, turned
IN the following three. A. A, Sea
grave. tieo. X. ~. Thomson. ti0u.
II. Hanson. g..
seattle brewing a Mailing Co.
81. 500. post-futelligrncet. 81 coo Sc
attn National Bank. si.eoo. G. y.
Stone. 500, Mitchell Lewis q staver
Co. $50. Puget sound Machinery
CO. $500. George Stetnan. 500. y. W.
Sewnali 4 Co. sd00. Seattle Lumber
Co, $500. J. A. Baiilarreoy. $500. Pol
son Wilton Hardware Co. ta0n
Spencer Clarke Co. tgso. NJ y.
Downs. saoo. Denny. Calhoun a Ew-
Tag. $3.50 Denny clay Co. gs5q Se-
attic a Lake Washington Waterway
Co. $50. w. &. Squire. $50. Whit
on Hardware Co. $50. baker 3
Richards, t1s1. a. W, MRrkey. $3.50
=. g ChsaHtys So. Westsrman Iron
Works. tz5o. Seattle Cereal Co. 500
Z. 6. Miles . Piper Co. s7ao: Mrs.
W = HHFUs t&"fa lfA ARfWtafRsas taHHs
W. n. Lewis. $50. 1. nryfeon Co..
tisos W. ~. Lewis. $50. Variety
Iron Works. fi0o. s. n. Wagner.
800. Frank T. Hunter. 500. Jsn
xins Shoe Store. 800: JMueM shee-
han. fio9. JOAN Davis. tiee. Geo. y
Meaeh ham. st0e. p X strive. fioa
Rcd Front. 800. Frank = Adams.
tie9. Geo. A. Burch. tiee. X. n
Thomson. tie Hohifs a schnder.
tino. =. J. Sullivan. ttao. Union
nrass Foundry, 800; Capt. Frank }
Adams. iie0. ". ~. Young. MOO
Morrison a Enhelmnn. 500. Nov
city Mil Co. ti0os p. X Rchrriner.
400. A. ~. Harrison. si0e. !. Hsrk /.
man a Bro. fioa. n. y. Oids. fina
II e. kenwAy. 500. !. p. brace 4
ca. tito; Henry Lohse. Ir.. fida. Con-
way Broe.. tin0: Harry Dsvet. 500.
VIM. Block. ti0o. NJ sosnrner, sIho.
Victor Nerhaest. 500. raclnc Lounge
y Mattress Co. $50. Nathason Hires
so; John Lewis. 80. @ u. Phillips.
$50. Edward q. Bickerton. so. y. =.
Damon. fs8. p W Nerrfek. -.
Goldsfetn HAT Co. 90. =. Rabsi. tsA
Whaliey a. Eastman. $50: ]. a. Rail.
~. 80; Piper q TAFT. fzs. Joe Hosa-
lech. "a. Neu Western Hotel. az
A. sehuck. SIS. August X. apringar.
rs. Columbia Grocery Co. SIS Mau.
rice Windmiiler. 80. Total 70 date.
tss.sz5
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1901-01-03
BEAUTIFUL CITY HALL AND
LIBRARY A POSSIBILITY
CONTINUED from page -

Yet. az progressive men argue. Sc
attic - destined ~ be = big city and
and permanent home. not merely a
place 20 spend a few years making
money. A comparatively small OK
penditure would help 70 Improve
ne city and make II a good place
10 live In. At the same time II would
Increase the value OF other property
and become an evidence Of the SOL
idity Of Seattle.
The financial details ~ the bro
posed new building would OF course
depend on the plans settled upon,
but business mon have no doubt
that bonds. authorized BY n special
election. could be advantagsously
hoated to cover the necessary eE-
penditure. The high school bonds.
IL II recalled, bore 80 per cent. in
tereEt. but were sold AZ premium
which makes the actual interest be-
low per something like 24-5
per cent In the last few months
good securities ~ all kinds have
been steadily approaching, and
while the school bond deal was the
best ever made on the Pacific coast.
there ~ apparently nothing TO pre-
vent m equally advantageous arr
rangamsnt.
Another feature Of the financial
proposition IN that $50 000 was be-
queathed 10 the city from the o..
borne estate. the money 10 be used
for public hall providing the city
contributes like amount Eben
3. Osborn. the administrator. said
that the estate would be settled uu
In a year and the money would thus
be available.
More OF the necessary funds may
be contributed by individuals
One citizen. speaking OF this. re-
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1901-01-03
FOR A NEW
GAME Law

TACOMA. Jan. "A. c. Little. the
state fab inspector. is uow at work
on a bill 10 be presented for enact
rnent at the next legislature. The
bin II based on the present game
laws Of the state Of Wisconsin and
vii put the entire burden Of pro-
tectlng game upon the shoulders Of
the hunters and fishermen.
The bin provides that every per
son who fishes or hunts IN the state
VIII have 60 take cut a license at
the cost Of 81. For nou-residents Of
the state the license will cost SIC.
An additional tar OF 81 will have
20 be paid for every deer killed and
s. for every elk. Mr. Little'a bin al
50 provides for n deputy state game
warden. TO work under the supervi-
sion OF the state fish commissioner.
Instead of the county game wartiwnN
receiving IS a mouth. as they DO
now. they viii receive a stipulated
sum per diem This will make the
Office Of enough Importance TO re-
tain an energetic officer.
Mr.. Little believes that his ptsn
VIII thoroughly protect the game OF
the state.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1901-01-03
RUSSIA IS
WATCHED
her Actions In China Are
Sharply Criticised.

LONDON. Jan. a..-ltuasia'H recent
movements la China are sharply
criticised by rekin correspondents
OF English newspapers. aa showing
design Co secure special advantages
by Cancellation 81 the Chiuueo, ind
TO emhroil Germany aud Great brit
ain hH inspiring unfoanded charges
OF brutality BY the Kaiser'H troops
Tho text OF the Russo Chinese
agreement respecting Manchurln, a.
cabled 10 the Times, arranEes Tot n
Russian prothctorats With reHump-
tion Of civil government by the Chi
nebe On stipulated conditions. The
agreement ~ considered here as At
terry Inconsistent with Russia e IRE
Vi0ua attitude toward china. AM
her assurances Of co-opefa ton with
the powers "a their Joint policy. The
news adds 60 EnHliahmsna decps
seated dlhtrnHt 81 the cold, careful
and determined diplomacy by which
MuscoVy has grown into the riean-
tic Russian empire.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1901-01-03
LATE DISPATCHES

OMAHA. Nrh. Jan. a-Three com
plants have been filed by County
Attorney Shields IN the police court,
against Edward ttorewater. editor
~ the Zee. and senatorial candidate.
alleging unlawful expenditure Of
money IN November election. Mr..
Rosewater gas bonds.
LTnNS France, Jan. a.--A terrible
tirc IL raging here. Twenty ware
houses and many other buildings
have already been destroyed.
CINCINNATI O. Ian. day
Cashier Nemne. % the German Ma
tlouAl bank. Newport. which VISA
looted by Assistant Cashier brown
was arrested this afternoon at his
deck. n IL alleged that 10 assisted
brown 20 conceal the shortage.
WASHINGTON. n. C.. Jan. A.
Additional briefs have been 1lsd
With the clerk 81 the aupf me court
In balance cases involving the con
stitutinnniity 81 the imposition u
duties ON Importation from inHuiaF
possessions into the niisd States
Additional arguments viii be heard
aF Jan. 7.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1901-01-03
It COMES
TO LIGHT
That Madam Lou Graham Is
Building on MpdlSOn Street.

Reports have been circulated ab nut
the city for the past two weeks that
Madam Lou Graham, sporting wa
man. would nonn establish herself tn
elegant quarters on Madiaon street.
opposite the power house. large
residence IL being built there az the
present time, which Il Is claimed IL
10 be- used for that purpose, An
Investigation made by the star to-
day. developed that although Madam
Graham Is building the house, Al It's
completion Il VII be given 90 a
woman friend who has favored her
In the past. a detective 81 the local
department. detailed 20 investigate
the rumor. verified the above story,
A number ~ citiaoue Twins in the
neiEhhorheod have entered COM
plants with the authorities. They
aver that they DO not desire 90 have
che sporting fraternity 81 tho city
living az their very doors. Chlef 81
Police Meredith has taken no notice
In the matter.
Late this afternoon Il Was learned
Of Madam Graham that she would
use the new building near the Madi
son street power house as a private
residence
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1901-01-03
AROUND THE STATE

Geo. shreiner and n Green have
lately opened tire I.yceurn theater at
Tacoma and announce their inten-
fion 81 having a Sunday evening per-
Torrance. A percentage Of the Sun
day receipts VIII b. given to charity.
The store Of the Anderson Dry
goods Co, Of Everett, was entered
f-uesday night. and about 800 worth
Of goods stolen. The robbers we're
captured az they were attempting 70
leave the city.
A shfngie weaver BY the name n
Raiph shoemaker suffered the loss
n an nls fingers except the thumb
op hts left hand At Bryant on Sat
urday morning.
The gelah Valley frrigating Can
Al Company has authorized its To-
saf manager, Hon. FRA y. Engelhart
~ expend 10000 this spring IN i'm
proving and eniarging the canal.
Word has been received ct Aber-
deem that the memorial sen. 10
congress for Gray's harbof appro-
prfaffon viii be entered ~ an
amendment 70 the river AMI harbor
bill.
County Fruit Inspector Won Hol-
derbecke Condemned and burned
Fhipment Of 40 fruit trees from
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1901-01-03
AFFAIRS IN
CONGRESS

wAsHTSGToS. n. G.. Jan. s.
Charges 81 forgery were made before
the senate committee on agricul-
ture this morning, when the hearing
ture this morning. when the hear
inE on the Circuit oleumhrEhrlne bill
was resumed. ~. g. Adams, daily
food commissioner ~ WiHeonain. de-
nied that he had while tastifying he.
fnre the house COMMITTEES. anid w
mean - drive the manufacture q
oleumuTEAfina out o. business !"
This testimony was included IA the
committee reports. sir. Adams said
hr had simply remarked that TIE
manufacture % cuiored cleo should
- abolished BY Law Secretary
Knight. II the National Dairy union
branded ~ a forgery a letter pub
lished ~ the house report ana al.
legged to be written BY him.
WASHINGTON. d. C.. Jan. a..
Few members Wsre present when THE
house heran lie nfHt session nftes
the holiday recess. Notwtfhrtand.
ms TIlihustsriug ufmnted DHsp.1
succeeded IN having read a roaniu-
ton declaring that Mississippi
south Carolina and Louisiana had
violated thr ttth amendment ~
prohibiting male citizens over Il 20
vote. and providing for n COMMITTEES
g. be authorized 20 investigate.
hichardson fDem1. q Tennessee,
lad the debate against the resolution
being privileged. The speaker rul-
81 that u VIA IN order. and rnier-
wopd G0efnl. % Alabama, raised the
question for confederation. on which
a roll call was ordered.
IN the senate the army btu wns
taken up ana discussed. Debate en-.
sued aa 90 hos II should be consider
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1901-01-03
MUST FIND
HER HUSBAND

TACOMA. Jan. Mrs. Marie n.
nettinEer. whose husband. pr. jos.
hettinger. disappeared - mysteri-
pusiy from the yukon trail At Ogil.
vie SEVERAL weeks ago. is at the
home ~ her sister. Arn ", ~.
Grass. In this city. Mrs. BettinEer
VIII 40 60 the home Of her mother.
Mrs. Mary Peterson. Of lGilhurat.
Mrs fisttingrr said to-day that ev=
cry EFFORT vas being made 20 To-
cate her husband IN the north. II
news 81 the doctor ia not brought
Down by the next atra mer from thz
north abr Nili either personally con-
duet . s1archlns party or sand her
brother. Charles r. Peterson. an att
torne ' - Tacoma. to 10 30.
MIRA DetfinFer thinks that her
husha nd hiss either tuHt hts way and
yFOEs 80 Death or he has met with
some misfortune or accident. and IL
now being cared for IN some miner
cabin between oEiivto and Stewart.
aaf .
rura r~modsted. made 90 look iFk-
new. g g. BERG itis Third Avenue
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1901-01-03

called that some time ago Andrew
Carnegie offered the city $4,000 for.
a library, A. he has given as much
to many small towns Ia the ERat,
Il was suggested that this offer
would perhaps be Increased.
The present condition OF the H.
brary is % course. pretty had. IL.
brNrian Smith, who was again diG
cling In tho ruina all day today, said
The actual cost Of all the books
IN the library was about $4,000 The
labor OF transporting, arranging ana
cntaloHuinE them represents almost
nn much more. Taking $4,000 FOR
the money value. however. there
must be deducted the b00O or COCO
volumes In the hands OF the public,
the volumes located I'm public school
libraries and the books that were
rescued In n condition to be used
again, The insurance WAS tltSnO,
all 81 which can be collected. ms We
were no co-insurora.
The records are intact. but !
have not yet had time To ascertain
exactly how many books are out,
As 20 those rescued the Juvenile de
partment. containing between 1900
and 1000 volumes. m not greatly
managed Some other volumes ea-
capped serious injury. while othern
still may he made useful FER refer e
ence whom rebound. The water and
the smell of smoke Will UNIT them
for circulation. The binding plant
escaped. also some 81 the pictures
end decorations A number Of the
books burned had come Ia "a recent
~ that they had hot yet been enter
ed. Some had not been paid Tor
The government record books were
not Included IN the llhrHry'a enta-
lognr. Probably there we're M
books destroyed that cannot be re-
placed Tor the same money, In fact
the only irrepafHhle loss WAS the
filea OF the uewnpn pera. which were
valuable for historical purposes"