davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1901-01-09

Manila, Jan e.-Several insurgept
camps have been captured and destroy
Cd recently in various districts OF Luzcn
and Larro one camp was captured n
the mountains Of Martinique "A scou--
ing party of the FOrty-sixth regiment
captured a score Of Ladrones near 81
Lang
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1901-01-09

NJ Edith Rogers writes: VIII you please
publish a recipe for making French
nougat, talso one for marshmalloWs?
FRENCH NOUGAT.
Put a pound of graduated cane sugar in
sausepan; add two tablespoonfuls of
boiling water and stir continually over the
fire With q wooden paddle until 1t is melt
ed The moment it melts put in pound
of sweet almonds which have been
blanched, dried and shredded lengthwise
and stir for a moment to mix. Take
from the fire and turn into a square. well
oiled pan and stand in a cold place to
harden. When the sugar begins to melt
it first becomes moist. then forms into lit
tie grains like rice then begins to break
up until it melts.
MARSHMALLOWS-C two ounces
of finely powdered white gum arabic with
eight tabiespoonfuls of cold water soak
an hour and then dissolve gradually over
boiling water. Strain through a fine sieve
into a double boiler: add seven ounces of
confectionery sugar and stir over the fire
until white and stiff. This requires some
time Remove from the fire, beat rapidly
for a few minutes and add a teaspoonful
OF vanilla Dust a square tin with rice
flour or cornstarch. pour out the mixture
and stand away to cool When cold cut
into squares, ron lightly in the flour and
pack in boxes
tell me how to make buckheat cakes such
as one gets at first class hotels2
The buckwheat cakes that are served
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1901-01-09

New York. Jan. 9.-Fx-Judge Charles
Benedict died last night Of pneumonia
He was federal judge OF the eastern us
frict Of New York for % years, from
1865 TO 1897
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1901-05-15
Where Wants Can Be
ss-Leff for Insertion iss...
The Globe
IT The Rafes'of q Gent per
Word. NO Insertions Ac-
CeEfed less fksan IS Gents.
ieiseral clarvoyants. Fortun, Tellsr AM
Medical eassificatioas
q Gents Per Word.
hs Insertion acoeptedlsss than rs cent?
WANT COLUMN BRANCH OFFICES.

SONGER BROS. Druggists,
Selby avenue, corner St Adams; 400 Sell
:, by ~, avenue, and S49 University avenue.
RICE STREET Pharmacy &C I,,oa treet
ALBERT w. BORK
Corner Mississippi and Nash streets
9 N MP E EEL EROS Seiby and victoria
STRAIGHT BROS. Druggists .+,ost.
A. /. GUERNSEY & SON. Druggists,
PEOPLES PHARMACY.
E. B. ROLLINS sI b Eas els seventh street
'2 les p West SEVENTH street
sEVER WESLEY. Druggist.
nv Maria avenue and East Third street
w. A FROST & GO. Druggists.
selby and Western avenues
WALi,EH NELSON, Druggist,
R1ETZKE & co, Druggists.
Selby and West ern avenues
A @. SCHUMACHER. Druggists,
HoLcoMB 8 M a. MS Sy'
n Dale and University.
c1s ER & co. Druggists.
61S Grand avenue. corner st. Adams.
J. P. JELINEK ( CO.
A. A CAMPBELL. "e''
East Seventh street. corner Sibley.
p. ]: M'CALL. 483 Broadway.
pREIs' PHARMACY.
GEORGE c. pArF Sln9a a"0 ., fe'e'
49, s7s East Seventh street.
sS1 Payne avenue
B. A. TREAT. 442 Broadway street.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1901-05-15

STATE OF MINNESOTA. COUNTY OF
Ramsey. District Court, Second judicial
District.
State of Minnesota, ex rel w b. Doug as,
Attorney General, VS.. The Savings Bank
of St. Paul.
Whereas, Thorkild Wilson, rs admins
traitor of c. H Bergstrom, deceased.
claims to be creditor Of the above
named defendant, and that through lack
of knowledge on his part that the said
Bank was indebted to the said deceased.
he has failed to file his claim within the
time limit by this Court named, and on
reading and filing his petition and af1-.
daVit.
Therefore, 1t Is Ordered, That Edward
j. Hodgson, Receiver of said Savings
Bank CT st. Paul. and all other persons
show cause, if any there be, before this
Court at a special term to be held Sat
urday, the 18th day of May, A D. 1901
at ten o'clock in the forenoon of that
day in the District Court House, in the
City of st. Paul, Ramsey County, Min
nesota, why the said Thorkild Wilson, as
the administrator of the estate of @. H
Bergstrom, deceased, should not be al
lowed to file his claim against the said
Savings Bank of st. Paul with the same
force and effect as though the said claim
was filed within the time heretofore linz
tied for the filing of claims.
1t Is Further Ordered, That this order
be served by publication of the same in
the ST. Paul Globe, a newspaper printed
and published in the City of ST. Paul, in
the County and State aforesaid, for two
successive weeks. and. that a copy of
this order be served upon the said Ed
ward 7. Hodgson, Receiver of the said
Bank, at least ten Q0) days before said
day of hearing.
Dated this 7th day of May, 1901.
WILLIAM. LOUIS NELLY
G. P. O'Neall, Attorney for the Feti-
toner, st. Paul, MINI.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1901-05-15
EXTENSIONS At DuU 4
NORTHERN PACIFIC CONTEM-
PLATES SPENDING LARGE SUM
OF MONEY
At LEAST HALF A MILLION
Increasing Business Necessitates
Improved Terminal AccOmmOdn-
tiOns-GarfieId Avenue Viaduct
-ManitOba Deal Safe.

Duluth will this year and for a ortion
of next year share to quite large extent
IN the policy of Improvement W. ich the
Northern Pacific has inaue urated. With
the acquisition OF the St Paul & Duluth,
the road came into the posses son of ex-
tensive terminal facilities, which are
already proving inadequate to the st cad
lily increasing volume Of business. Thera
is property enough, but the term nal
facilities are not arranged so as to So
cure the greatest amount of Utility from
them.
In the first place the yards are to be
greatly extended, Now Ioand houses are
TO be built, water station er cted and
the terminal arrangements generally i'm
proved. The cost of these inprovem ents
is estimated at from $275 coo to 1925. 500
In addition to this, the Company is pa =
ing a large proportion of the COS +
building the Garfield avenue vi ct
which is to be commenced Immediately.
There has been trouble in max ng ar
rangements with regard to this for three
or four years. and it is only atrly that
final agreement has been reached
IN all the company will expcnd n
Duluth for Improvements and the VIA
duct, sum which viii excel a hal, a
million of dollars.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1901-05-15
OYER THE LINE.
Procrastination is the Thief
of Health.

Nature is very wise and careful moth
er but she is dumb. She speaks by signs.
The man or woman who does not heed
her signs or fails to understand them
must pay the penalty. Some day there
will be step over the line beyond which
Natures warnings cease and her penalties
begin. For instance there is a man who
for years never knew he had a stomach,
it performed its work SO perfectly. Some
day after eating he has a little sour or
bitter rising in the throat. He does not
heed it. Later he feels an uncomfortable
fullness after eating, distress in the re-
gion of the stomach and perhaps he is
uncomfortable enough TO wonder whether
he ought not to Udo something for him
self. But he does not get any farther than
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1901-05-15
NEW CAPITOL FOR THE STATE
OF MINNESOTA.
NOTICE no coNrRAcToRs.

Sealed proposals in duplicate will be re-
ceived at the office Of the Board of State
Capitol Commissioners, No. 512 Endicott
building, st. Paul, Mimi, until IL O'clock
noon, on the 4th day of June, 1901, for all
labor and material required for the con-
struction OF the granite steps and ter
races for the new state capitol building
at st. Paul. in accordance with the draw
ings and specifications, which NAV be
seen at the Office of the Board on and
after May 10th, 1901 Copies of said
drawings and specifications may be oh
tanned from Cass Gilbert, architect. No
624 Endicott building, st. Paul, upon pay
ment of the cost of such reproductions.
and deposit of $lG0, such deposit TO be
returned to the bidder upon return of
the drawings and specifications.
Each bid must be accompanied by A
certified check for a sum not less than
100000, payable to the order of said
Board. as a guarantee of coed faith The
right is reserved to reject any and all
bids and to waive any defect or infor-
maltty In any bid, II it be deemed in the
interest Of the state to do so. Proposals
received after the time stated will be re-
turned to the bidders. Proposals must
be made upon printed forms which will
be furnished by the Board, and must be
mciosed IN. envelopes, sealed and marked
proposals for Steps and Terraces for
New Minnesota State Capitol at St.
Paul,E ana addressed to the Board OF
state Capitol Commissioners
eioners.
% saS 3 ffs oaf ~ CHA MINING. sEABBRY.
st. RaaRsA1a9 9Th. 1901 Sl0e PRESIDENT
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1901-05-15
CHANCE FOR HoMEsEEKERs.
Low Rates May BE Continued
Through Summer Months.

Low Rates May be Continued
Through Summer Months
There is a movement on foot am 7ng
the transcontnentaI lines to extend the
homeseekers' rates all through the m
mer. Instead of weekly excur ions how
ever the project involves the granting O
round trip fares on a basis of single fare
plus 81, twice a month
The idea did not orieina with the
Great Northern, the Northern Pacific or
the 500, but with the Chi ago-Misso .trH
lines. and whatever action is ia en- b.
these lines will in all probah lily he mot
by the Northern lines
A meeting was held yesterday after
noon in the Office of c. s. Fee general
passenger and ticket ag mt for tn.
Northern Pacific at which the above de,
cision was practically reached. So far as
the three local roads are concerne7. the
agents say there is no particular reason
why the homeseelIers' rats should be
continued The genuine HON seekers
have, for the most part, already gone
West, and the low rates, if put in again
VIII largely benefit the tourist class
which will avail itself of the lowest rate
going
1t is possible that the Missouri lines
will not put in the low ra'es, in which
event the st. Paul lines will merely con-
time their bi-monthly round trip ex-
cucsiOns to the coast.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1901-05-15
CONTRACT WORK.
Martin street sewer system

Office of the Board of Public Works.
City of St Paul. Mimi, May 10th, 1901.
Sealed bids will be received by the
Board of Public Works in and for the
corporation of the City of ST. Paul. Min
nesota, at their office in said city, until
p. m. on the 9th day of May, A y
1901. for the construction of a sewer on
Martin street now Central avenuel. from
Fisk street to Oxford street: OXFORD
street from Martin street now Central
avenue) to Selby avenue: Iglehart streot
from Lexington avenue to Milton street.
Marshall avenue, from Lexington avenI,s
to point two hundred (20O) feet west Of
Milton street; Dayton avenue, from T,ex-
ington avenue to Victoria street: Milton
street from Selby avenue to DAYTON ave
rue, according to plans and specifications
on file in the office of said Board
A bond with at least two ~ sureties
III sum of at least twenty COZ per cenr
or certified check on a bank of st. PAM
in sum of at least ten 1O) per cent Of
the gross amount bid must ACCOMPANY
each bid. Said check shall be made nav
able to the Clerk of said Board.
The sale Board reserves the right %
reject any and all bids
f. O. HAMMER.
Official. G. II. BRONSON.
Clerk Board OF Public Works
May H 1901-Ik
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1901-05-15

S. LOUIS, Mo, Nav 14-To to,,a 49,
of it's increasing business and to p,s
for the worlds fair, the fSnrIin 9gai9
Railread company is preparing an F ey-
{ ie I'VE system of terminals and yards
cost of 81 100000. Plans have been orc M
up and submitted to supe-intendentf' of
terminals. A. e. Perkins who saws tbot
elgnt blocks. leased will be used as =
terminal during the worlds fair,
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1901-05-15
Ready for Union nenor

KANSAS CITY, May 14-The Federal
court has confirmed the sale for S100 O91
OF the Winner bridge piers in the Mis-.
souri, river here and the terminals of the
pany to Theodore c. Bates, of Boston
VINO represents company of Eastern
capitalists. This makes it possible roI.
the eastern interests to proceed with the
S 20 t OF the bridge, the construction
deDct - 4tS" OAlOu
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1901-05-15
NOR

$40 MOMEY.
R15-YoUR CREDIT Is GOOD WITH
R2O-US. QUICK LOANS ON HOUSE,
$25-HOLD GOODS, PIANOS, ETC,
$3O-WITHOUT REMOVAL FROM
$35-YOUR RESIDENCE. EASY
$4O-WEEKAY PAYMENTS OR
S45-MONTHLY PAYMENTS. LOWEST
SOCRATES.
$75-LOANS TO SALARIED PEOPLE
$1OO-WITHOUT MORTGAGE OR IN
DoRSER, PAYABLE In EASY IN
STATEMENTS. WE HAVE PRIVATE
INTERVIEWING ROOMS AND CAN
GUARANTEE ABSOLUTE PRIVACY
AND CONFIDENTIAL TREATMENT.
FRONT OFFICES, SECOND FLOOR.
OPEN EVENINGS. WALK UP ONE
FLIGHT. AMERICAN LOAN CO., ROOM
zoo MANHATTAN BIG.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1901-05-15
How STRENGTH IS RESTORED.

People as a rule have a somewhat
vague idea of the manner in which life
is sustained and supported. They know
they must eat to live. But they do not
consider that when the stomach and di-
gestive and nutritive tracts are disease
the object of eating, which is the nutri-
ton of the body, cannot be perfectly at
tanned. Only part of the food eaten is
converted into nutrition, and the body is
but partly nourished. Yet the body is
required to do as much daily as if it were
being fully nourished. The result is the
wasting of the flesh, loss of weight which
goes hand in hand with loss of strength,
and general debility. When the dis
eased stomach is cured by q Golden Med
ical Discovery" the food is digested and
assimilated and in the form Of nourish-
ment restores the strength and yigor of
the body, the proof of this being Written
in the pounds and ounces of lost flesh
which are rapidly regained. The only
way in which physical strength can be
made is by food, digested and assirni-
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1901-05-15
ON the N. P.'s oberon Rrancb.

JAMESTOWN, N. D., May 14.-contrac-
tor Kennedy who has the contract of
building the Oberon branch of the North
Srn Pacific, has 200 teams at work. Most
yard and will be completed by JElv r.
and the lien ready for business by AUG
J; There viii be one good town betweesn,
the end end, of track and Oberon. The exten.
sion Will draw trade from Oberon Minnie
%aukan, Fessenden, Harvey and other
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1901-05-15
wisconsin Central improvements.

The Wisconsin Central railroad. in
minneapolis, is moving rapidly. and there
has already heen very noticeable progress
made. A large force of men has been
engaged for the past week removing the
Old structure CT Bridge Square, and the
interior OF the buildings have been en-
uiely removed. All that remains of the
old buildings now is the walls and the
work of demoljshing them has COM
menced. BY tie end of the week thew
VIII practically leveled to the ground
IN the excavations north of Bridge
square and an almost solid Tine
OF teams ard wagons Is maintained he
ground on Nicollet Island P-ilf9
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1901-05-15
Dubuque ArrtrenAnnin

The Diamond 10 Packet Dubuope
eeIIi1yed last. night from St Louis WITH a
LAT LAT number of passengers and a con
sllIerie5le eamcunt of freight. This is
the second visit of this boat TO ST PanI
TINS seasons About the end of The Inonth
TWO boats will be put on the route.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1901-05-15
Only One Cban.e

NEW YORK, May 1.-THE Stockholders
or the Delaware & Hudson comnanIS
held a meeting today, and Unanimousiy
T reel .s the old board of directors.
with the exception that George I, Wi,
bur of the Wilbur National bank ri
places James II. Iaylor. deceaseG.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1901-05-15
Certificate of Increase of Preferred
Capital Stock of Great Northern
Railway Company.

We, James ]. HILL President and chief
executive officer, and Edward T. Nichols,
secretary, of the Great Northern Rail-
way company, do hereby certify, for
ana IN behalf Of said company, that the
meeting regularly called and held, on the
18th day of February, A. D. 1901, at the
ofhees of the company in the City
Minnesota, adopted a resolution, by ma
Jorlty vote to-wit: BY vote of over
three-fourths in number and amount of
such shareholders and the shares in said
true copy:
Resolved, That the existing capital
stock of this company be, and it is here
and Fifty Thousand (25O. COO shares. of
One Hundred Dollars ($10010) each, so
that hereafter the capital stock of this
company Shall consist of One Million Two
Hundred and Fifty Thousand q ,25o 0cO5
shares Of One Hundred Dollars (S1OO. Coz
each.
Resolved, That this company will
ma ana issue Two Hundred and Fifty
Thousand (500OO) shares of said stock, in
ADDITION to the One Million 1900, OOO)
shares thereof heretofore provided to be
made and issued for the purpose of ac-
both, to an aggregate amount of not
less than $25,O 600, coo, par value. Of the
following named companies:
a.. l.; The st Paul. Minneapolis and Man
p q The Dakota and Great Northern
g. The Montana and Great Northern
Railway Company.
49,. T. The kootenay Railway and Navlga-
ton Company, Limited
O. The Washington and Great North
ern Railway Company.
g. The Seattle and Northern Railway
Company.
Z The Great Northern Steamship Com
pany.
The Company shall not have rover to
increase the amount OF said stock, with
out the assent OF the holders of three
fourths of all such stock outst andtng
at the time of such increase: hut moth
ing in this resolution contained shall
be construed as limiting the power of
this company to issue bonds secured by
mortgage, or otherwise, including bonds
In the nature and form Of debenture
stock, in case such issue shall be deemed
expedient by this company's Board of
Directors.
The additional stock hereirbefore pro-
vided for shall not be issued until the
creation and issuance Of the same shall
have been assented to by the holders Of
three-fourths of all the shares of the
company s stock now outstanding"
in Testimony Whereof, we have here
unto set our hands and the seal Of this
company on this goth day of March, A.
D. 1901.
Sgd. JAS. ]. HILL.
EDWARD T. NICHoLs.
Secretary.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1901-05-15
HORSES AND CARRIAGES

LOGGING HORSES
Market, st. Paul, Mimi, have Just re-
ceived a large consignment of 10 car
loads OF secondhand logging horses
with harnesses, all in first-class condi-
tion which must be sold at once with
out reserve and regardless Of value;
this is your greatest opportunity to buy
good hardy working horses at your
own price.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1901-05-15
MINES AND MINING.

-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o
I Copper stocks to take a 300 per I
cent advance on May 10. One of Z
the greatest mines in Colorado !
? Owned and operated by Mime
? apolis men. Permanent dividends
3 In a few months. Don't fail to
8 write at once for particulars.
3 Stockton Copper Mining Com
7 pany, 912 Bank of Commerce Build Z
ing, Minneapolis, MINI.
-o-o-o-o-o-o-o- o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1901-05-15
corporate Seal)
10c documentary stamp Cancelled.

STATE OF NEW YORK, COUNTY OF
New York-ss.
James J. Hill. personally appearing be-
fore me and being duly sworn. did de-
pose and say: That he is the President
Of the Great Northern Railway Com
pany: that he executed the foregoing
certificate and knows .ts contents and
the same is true: and
Edward T. Nichols also personally
appearing before me; and Icing duly
sworn, did depose and say; That he is
tho Secretary of the Great Northern
Railway Company; that he executed the
foregoing. certificate, and knows its con-
tents, and TIE same is true.
The above certificate was sworn to be-
fore me, the undersigned, a commission
er Of the State Of New York and MINI =
sofa, residing at Borough of BROOKLYN.
Now York, N. Y, this Goth day of Marcn'
A. D. 1901.
In Witness Whereof, I have hereunt
set my hand and official seal the day and
year above in this certificate written.
Sgd. ]. LLOYD HALL.
Commissioner for Minnesota in New
York.
(Seel)
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1901-05-15

felt clear, and l was perfectly broken
down under the strain of losing my food
constantly. 1 was not able to have
physician attend me, but had read
great deal in your books of what your
medicine had done for others, so wrote
you and got your advice. Bought two
bottles of Golden Medical Discovery
and the first dose I took / felt better
When had finished taking the two bot
ties tile splitting up had entirely stopped
and my head was much better. do not
say it has yet made an entire cure of ME,
as it required more than that for me, as
l was so very bad, but l believe your
medicines are just what you have said of
them.
81 carefully read the books you sent me
and shall always speak a good word for
the Golden Medical Discovery when
ever have chance.
"You can publish this if you think it
worth while. 1t might induce some one
else to try your medicine who was suffer
ing as did. 1t was by the testimonials
of others that I was induced to try it. 1
shall always rely upon your advice and
feel safe to do as you tell me-"
DR.. Pierce's Golden Medical Discov-
cry cures diseases of the stomach and
other organs of digestion and nutrition.
1t cures through the stomach diseases
which seem remote from that organ but
which have their origin i'll disease of the
stomach and its allied organs.
If the dealer offers a substitute for
Golden Medical Discovery" remember
that the sole motive of substitution is to
enable him to make the little more profit
paid by the sale of less meritorious prep
arations.
GIVEN AWAY.
Dr. Pierce's Common Sense Medical
Adviser containing more than thousand
large pages and over 700 illustrations, is
sent free Oh receipt of stamps to pay ex.
pense of mailing only. Send 81 one-cent
stamps for the cloth-bound volume or
only Fl stamps for the book in paper
covers. Address DR.. R. V. Pierce, But.
falo, N. Y.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1901-05-15

lated. When the stomach
and its allied organs are dis
eased the digestion is imper-
feet, the assimilation partial,
consequently there is a daily
loss of strength. When DR..
Pierce's Golden Medical Dis
covery cures the diseases of
the stomach and other or
gans of digestion and nutri-
ton, the food eaten is prop
erly digested and assimilated,
the body is adequately nour-
ished, and thus its strength
is restored.
81 will express my thanks
to you for the kindly advice
you have given me in regard
to my case" writes Miss
Carrie J. Wharton, of Duna-
want, Spottsylvania Co., Va.
"When | wrote to you last
spring l was in a terrible
state of health. Had given
up all hope of ever being bet
ter. l spit up my food all the
time and it seemed sour as
vinegar. I would have a bad
sick headache every other
week. in fact nv head never
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1901-05-15
BOARD OFFERED.

.~O"~o-~~~~-~~-~N~--0~~~~
FRONT ROOM for two; also side room;
with board. 260 West Sixth.
THE COLONNADE has several rooms.
single and en- suite, to let, with first
class hotel table; meals by day, week
or month
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1901-05-15
NEW ToWNsITEs


new town in Beltra1ni
county, Mimi, twenty miles northeast
of Bemidji, on the line of the Mime
sofa International railway, now being
constructed. For lots apply to A. A.
White, ST. Paul. MINI.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1901-05-15
KaSson Loses old Resident.

KASSON, Mimi, May 14.-H S. Works
is dead of cancer of the stomach. He
had been a resident of the village for
about forty years, and was an old lum-
herman, having followed that business
since boyhood.