The Montgomery advertiser., 1901-09-01
CORRECT ENGLISH AND
 HOW TO USE IT.
CHAPTER VII. IMPLICATIONS.
By Josephine Turck Baker.

INFLECTIONs.
 Old English (Anglo- Saxon) was con- verted mo mouern Engnsh py emitting many infections of nouns, pronouns, verbs, etc.. and consequently making more use of articles. propositions and auxiliaries: secondly, by modifying the orthography oI words. and, thirdly. by introoucing French derivatives. Bsrore giving an exposition of this subject 1t is necessary to understand exactly what is meant by the term infection as applied to language. Infection is from the Latin verb infiecto, infiexi. infiectum. to turn, to change. Its meaning when applied to the grammar of language is to form word from another by a change. This, in Latin, the nominative, genitive, dative, accus- ative vocative and ablative cases are indicated by the different endings or in fiections of the noun. For example: Pastor (nominative case,) means a shepherd.
 Pastori (dative easel means of a shepherd.
 Pastori (dative case) means to or for shepherd dndirect object.)
 Pastorem (accusative) means shep- herd.
 Pastor (vocative easel means o shep- herd.
 Pastore (ablative case) means with, from or by a shepherd. The endings or infections of Latin verbs indicate the tense, number and person of the verb. Thus:
 PRESENT TENSE = SINGULAR
 NUMBER.
 First person-Amo q Iove,. Second person-Amas (thou lovestl. Third person-Afhat (they love). PRESENT TENSE = PLURAL NUMBER. First person-Amamus tive lovel. Second person-Amatis (you love). Third pe-son-Amant (they love).
 PAST TENSE-SINGULAR
 First person-Amabam q love).
 Second person-Amabas tthou lovedl. Third person--Amabat Che loved).
 PAST TENSE-PLuRAL
 First person-Amabamus (we ioved). Second person-Amaba,tis (you loved). Third person-AmabaHt (they lovedl. These illustrations of the way in which Latin nouns and verbs are in- f1ected indicate what is, meant by the infections of the English language. For when we say that old English was converted Into modern English by dropping it's infections, etc., we mean
 
 noun and verb which indicated case, number. person and tense, were drop ped and that articles, propositions and auxiliarios were introduced in their stead.
 In modern English the noun has but three cases the nominative, which Is indicated by the position that the noun occupies in the sentence; the possess i've. indicated by the suffixes, and the objective. indicated either by its posi- tion in the sentence, or by the presence of the proposition. In old English the noun had four cases. nominative. accu sative. genitive and dative. which were indicated by infections. t
 IN ANGLO-S SAXON. Thus tongue in Anglo-Saxon was de- clined:
 Singular. Plural. Case.
 Nominative Tunge (tongue) Tunsan Accusative TIngan (tongue) Tungan
 Objective Case.) Genitive Tungan (of tongue) Tungum
 (Possessive Casey Dative Tungan (to or for a Tungena
 tongue).
 Cndirect object)
 Singular. Plural. Nominatiye Mama Ca name) Naman Accusatiye Naman Ca name) Naman
 (Objective easel. Genitive naman (of a name) Naman
 (Possessive case.) Datlve Name (to or from a name) Ma mena.
 (Indirect object.)
 In modern English the verb expresses its tense Q) by a change of form. as. I teach. taught; @. by the aid of auxi- laries. as. I may teach. I shall teach; Axyf ~. exception of the verb ito be" there are but two infections to indicate the num- Der and person of the verb, viz:
 1. Est lest st or u is used to form the second person. singular number ot the present and past lenses of the indi- cative mood. as. Thou walkest. thou canst in the present tense, and thou speakest, thou callest. thou vast in the past tense.
 ?. Els or s and sometimes eth or tn are used in the third person, singular number of the present tense. as he calleth. he doeth. he calls. he does, he searches.
 The following conjugation of the verb to love shows its infections in old English:
 PRESENT TENSE. Ic lulge, love. We luf1ath, We love Tu lufast Thou lowest: Ge lufiath, You love: He lufath. lie loves; They luflath, They love.
 Acomparison of the conJugation oi the verb to love with a conjugation of the same verb in Latin indicates that the Latin verb contains the greater number of infections. Thus: Amo l love. Amamus, We love. Amas. Thou lowest. Amatis, Your love. Amat. He loves. Amant, They love. If is interesting to note in this con- nection. first. that the greatest number of infections occur in the earliest stage of language. and. secondly, that as d language becomes modern 1t has a ten dency to drop its infections. Thus. comparisons of the earliest specimens of English. Frisian, Dutch. high Ger man. Danish, Swedish and Icelandic with the latest specimens show that in factions are most numerous in the most ancient forms of the language. An other interesting fact to note in con