davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1901-07-18
Portugars popular queen.

The Queen of Portugal is one of the
most popular of reigning sovereigns;
SO that anything like revolution in
Portugal is absolutely out of the ques-
ton. The recent act of heroism
through which she saved fisherman
from drowning will not diminish that
popularity. The fisherman was in a
boat which capsized, and was in very
bad way indeed, when her majesty,
who happened to be near, flung her
self into the water, swan to the res
cue and brought him safe to shore.
Anyone who has ever tried to swim
with his or her clothes on will realize
the pluck of the young queen, and as
it turned out that the fishermans leg
was broken her act deserves all the
more wonder and admiration.
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1901-07-18
ALTON ROUNDUP.
Grand Hunt of the Mammoth Cats in
the Arizona Mountains.

A big roundup of lions is now TAX
ing place in the San Francisco noun
tains, about $50 miles north of Flag
staff. In that country the big cats
are to be found in larger numbers
than in any other locality in Arizona,
and the party expects to bag several
hundred of them. At one time the
California Hon was to be found in all
parts of Arizona, but large territorial
and county bounties have caused his
determination in many places. Many
thousand dollars have been paid by
each county for lion scalps, and at
$50 per head hunters have found it
profitable business, some of them, in
times past, killing a score of lions in
weeks time, and a total of over
$4,000 has been paid in Arizona for
scalps in the past ten years. Hundreds
of lions though have been shot by
many who have not claimed the boun-
ties, taking as their rewards the fact
that they have disposed of the cause
of the slaughter Of the calves, colts,
and lambs.
While the lions have grown less
common in the southern part of the
territory, there has been no perceptible
decrease in their numbers in the Wild
er northern regions. Sheepmen in the
San Francisco mountains have COM
planned of late that the lions are kill
ing off all their lambs in such num-
bers that their raids are proving ruin
Gus to the sheep industry. John Nc
earthly, territorial game warden, has
organized the hunting party and the
district where the lions abound will
be thoroughly gone over. The animals
will be driven into the center of
circle where they can easily be killed.
The California lion is small spe-
cies of the panther family He is about
the size of Canadian lynx and pos
sessed of similar nature He is
cowardly and has never been known
to attack man unless cornered, but
is capable Of fierce fight when driven
to bay.
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1901-07-18
and most Of those on board were lost
The life and fate Of the gifted woman
have ever since had a peculiarly
strong interest for Americans.
THE FLYING MACHINE.
Its Limitations and Also It. Possibil-

Its Limitations and Also It's Possible
We can already calculate approxi-
mately the proportions, the strength
and weight, the supporting efficiency,
the speed. and the power required for
projected flying machine, so as to
judge of the practicability of design.
Indeed, the mathematics of the subject
have been so far evolved that engi-
neering computations may eventually
dlsplace vague speculation in the do
main of aerial navigation.
But after the problem has been
worked out to a mechanical success,
the commercial uses of aerial appar-
atus will be small. The limitations
of the balloon have already been men
toned; such craft will be slow, frail,
and very costly. We are now suffi-
GENTLY advanced in the design of fly
ing machines to perceive some of their
limitations. They will be compare
lively small and cranky, require much
power, carry little extra weight and
depend for their effective speed on
each journey, whether they go against
the wind or with it, so that they IAN
not compete with existing modes Sof
transportation in cheapness or in car
rylng capacity. 1t is true that high
speeds may be attained, and this may
serve in war, in exploration, perhaps
IN mail transportation, and in sport;
but the loads will be very small, and
the expenses will be great.
But flying machines will develop
new uses of their own; and as man
kind has always been benefited by
the introduction of new and faster
modes of transportation, we may hope
that successful aerial navigation will
spread civilization, knit the nations
closer together, make all regions ac-
cessible, and perhaps SO equalize the
hazards of war as to abolish it alto
gether, thus bringing about the pre-
dicted era of universal peace and good
will.
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1901-07-18
ALEGEhD OF THE ORIENT.
In Which Is Described the Discovery o.

In Which Is Described the Discovery of
Coffee.
The discovery of coffee is thus told
in legend of the Orient: Toward the
middle of the 18th century poor Arab
was travelling in Abyssinia, and find
Ing himself weak and weary from fa-
tlgue he stopped near a grove. Then,
being in want of fuel to cook his rice.
he cut down tree, which happened
to be full of dead berries. His meal
being cooked and eaten, the traveller
discovered that the half-burned berries
were very fragrant. Collecting num-
Der of these and crushing them with
stone, he found that their aroma had
increased to a great extent. While
Wondering at this he accidentally let>
fall the substance into can which
contained his scant supply of WATER,
Lo, what miracle! The almost pY
trid liquid was instantly purified
brought it to his lips; it was fire
agreeable and in moment after
traveller has so far recovekd
strength and energy as to BIZ
resume his journey
The lucky Arab gathered d
berries as he could, and, having ar
rived at Arden, in Arabia, he in
formed the multi of his discovery
This worthy divine was an inveterate
opium smoker, who had been suffering
for years from the effects of that pois-
onous drug. He tried an infusion Of
the roasted berries and was SO delight
ed at the recovery of his own vigor
that, in gratitude to the tree, he called
it cabuah, which in Arabic signifies
force.
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1901-07-18
Pennsylvania is the latest state that


Pennsylvania is the latest state that
Is trying to encourage and regulate
marriage by new methods. Represen-
tative Roth OF Lehigh, introduced bill
in the state legislature lately which
provides that male citizen of PENN
sylvania over forty years old, making
application for marriage license shall
pay to the clerk of courts license Of
500. This is to be turned into the
state treasury for the purpose OF main
tanning homes for women over forty
years old, who have not had suitable
opportunity or offer of marriage and
have not means sufficient to keep
themselves in clothes and spending
money. Any bachelor over forty years
old who shall go outside OF the state
for a wife shall pay 500 into the
state treasury. The act is irrevocab,e
and can never be repealed without the
consent of the majority of the old wo-
men who have been regularly admitted
to the homes established for them.
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1901-07-18
MEXICAN
BEEF KING


Millionaires are not exploited as
much in Mexico as they are in the
United States. Here when a man
reaches the $5O,OOo,OOo mark the peo-
pie regard him in the light of semi
public character, whose doings and
sayings and habits are eagerly dis
cussed. He is known from Maine to
California.
In Mexico many millionaires are not
known outside the states in which they
reside and yet some of them, if they
lived here, would be daily discussed
in the papers. One of these little
known Mexican millionaires is Don
Luis Terrazas of Chihuahua, formerly
governor of that state. He owns U.s.
100000 acres of land, 1S,0OO,O0O acres of
which are in one ranch. On these
lands he generally maintains 100000
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1901-07-18
Rural England Re.ents the Motor.

In England the automobile has not
yet emerged from the period of thinly-
yelled liberation. So far as cities and
towns are concerned, people have be-
come accustomed to the whizzing cars.
but there are many country districts
where the appearance of Daimler or
.Decauville would excite more curiosity.
and speculation than travelling men
agerie. The works" are mysteriously
concealed, and bystanders are ignorant
for the most part that the petroleum
motor now seen in many streets is,
after all, only slight variant of the
ordinary gas engine of commerce.
Many people apparently resent the APP
pearance of motor, on the ground
that it is challenge to the methods
of locomotion with which they are
familiar, and which have so far suited
their requirements tolerably we'll
London Telegraph.
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1901-07-18
An the Country A.ao,flne.

Golf promises to hold its sway. A
game that is centuries old-the ancient
national game of Scotland, but now
played in every quarter of the globe
it first attracted wide attention in the
United States some four years ago,
but now the golf ball is driven over
links in every state of the Union.
Golfers estimate that some half-mil-
lion Americans will play golf this
year, for there are hundreds of clubs,
Of large membership, connected with
the United States Golf association, be-
sides other clubs innumerable.
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1901-07-18
Owns Vest Lands
and is Worth
SlOO.OOo.O0 ~~

head of cattle, 100000 sheep and 1OO.-
600 horses. Over 100000 acres are
in good state of cultivation. The
estate is valued at $100,OOO,OO0 And
yet Don Luis is little known outside of
Chihuahua. He lives modestly, and
although he is 70 years old he still
personally superintends the conduct of
his vast business. He is very chari-
table, and every year he gives away
thousands of dollars. He supports sew
eral churches and schools and is an
earnest advocate of education. Demo-
cratic in his tastes, he receives the
humblest beggar with the same cour-
tesy that he bestows upon the million
aire promoter. He is strong friend
of the United States and his five chill
dren have been educated in American
schools.
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1901-07-18

AZ is of the German government
are securing Arizona for horses for
use in the army. Several days ago they
closed a deal with ranchers in the
northern and central parts of the ter
ritory for several hundred head, and
will buy as many more. The Arizona
range horse is peculiarly adapted to
hard campaigning. The stock comes
lof excellent blood. Indeed of such
quality is the Arizona horse that United
States army buyers prefer him when
he can be secured, to the product Of
any other region. The heavy demand:
however, Of the past three years has
drawn heavily on the Arizona horse
ranges. and prices have risen. Army
buyers are paying from $25 to $55 and
getting horses from three to five years
old.
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1901-07-18
Registering Earthquake waves

The earthquake waves due to the
Japanese shock of June Is, 1896, were
recorded on the self-registering tide
gauges at Honolulu and at Saucelito,
in the bay of San Francisco. DR..
Charles Dawson has recently COM
pared the calculated velocity of the
earthquake waves with the velocity
formerly calculated from the usual for
mula. He found that at Saucelito, for
example, the first crest of the waves
reached the tidal gauge 10 hours and
"a minutes after the shock, having
traversed in this time the distance of
4,7S7 miles at an average velocity Of
"a feet a second.
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1901-07-18
Coal Found Where Needad.

A Copenhagen correspondent states
that firm in that city has exhibited
the first samples of coal from the
large Icelandic coal bed recently dis
covered at Nordjord. The coal is CON
sidered equal in quality to Northum-
brian. Samples are being sent to the
Danish Royal Agricultural Society to
be examined, also to Stockholm an
Christiania. 1t is expected that the new
coal bed will be valuable. at any rate.
for local purposes.
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1901-07-18

The ingenuity of the sportsman is.
perhaps, nowhere better illustrated
than in the use to which he puts the
English language in designating par
ticular groups of animals. The fol-
lowing is a list of the terms which
have been applied to the various
classes: A covey of cartridges; wide
of pheasants; wisp of snipe; a fight
of doves or swallows; a muster Of
peacocks; a siege of herons; build
ing of rocks; brood of grouse; a
plump of wildfowl; stand of plovers;
watch of nightingales; a chatter
ing of cloughs; flock of geese; a herd
or bunch Of cattle; bevy of quails;
cast of hawks; a trip Of dottreil; a
swarm of bees; school Of whales: a
shoal of behring's; herd of swine; a
skulk of foxes; a pack of wolves; a
drove of oxen; a sounder of hogs; a
troop of monkeys; a pride of lions; a
sleuth Of bears; a gang of elk.
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1901-07-18
DON LUIS TERRAZAS.

die and disappear in the oven of an
Australian drought, but the pear sur
wives, fourishes and carries on it's
processes of expansion and reproduce
ton with unconcern. In the fierce
Struggle for life when drought is
devastating the land this pest is a
living example of the survival of the
"unfittest." 1t was brought to Aus
tralia, like the rabbit, either for use
or ornament, and it has become a
plague and a pestilence. Its examina-
ton in the colony of Queensland, at
least, is a question of national i'm
portance
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1901-07-18

The negro population Of the United
States is not diminishing, as many
suppose, but is on the gain. The per-
centage of increase since 1890. accord
ing to the census of 1900. is 1878.
which is a greater percentage of in
crease than that of the previous dec
ade. The actual figures, according to
the latest census are as follows: Col
ored population, S,50o,000; increase,
i ,029,S6o. That is the largest increase
shown by any census since 1890, ex-
cepting that Of 1880, when the gain
vas ], 700,784
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1901-07-18

: Colonel James G. Milner, once assist
ant secretary of the confederate navy,
when he died at Milford, O., on Tues
DAY, had in his trunk million dollars
in confederate bends and money. Had
he sold these to collectors he would
not have been so poor that his wife's
burial and his own need be at the
charge of friends, as was the case.
Colonel Miners wife, so years old.
died three weeks before him; neigh
Dor then took him to her home, where
the desolate man died at the age Of 80.
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1901-07-18

The board of health of the city of
Galveston is arranging fq1 large sup
ply of oil from the Bea( wells to
be used in fighting M The oil
will be distributed (tfs0 kagaapt
pools in the city, spf1nKled the sur
face of water in the GUTTER and dis
tributed free to owners Of open els,
terms for use in destroying mosquitoes
and the fever breeding germs which
collect in the ponds. Experiments
made by the board of health have dem
onstrated the virtue of crude oil as a
sanitary measure if properly used and
petroleum water as healthful and
uourishing for drinking purposes.
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1901-07-18
Queen Never Discarded Old clothes.

The sorting and arranging of the
personal effects of the late Queen
Victoria was tremendous task, says
London correspondent. One pecu-
liarity CT her majesty was never to
discard any dress, mantle, hat or bon
net which she had ever worn, and her
wardrobe might we'll have been con-
sidered the most complete record OF
the fashion of the last 60 years in ex-
istence. Another fancy of Queen Vic
toria was to have everything in dupli-
cate; two hats. two cloaks, etc., were
always ordered. Her majesty had a
wonderful collection of lace, but this
is not to be compared with the collec-
ton of the Queen Dowager Of Italy,
said to be the best in the world.
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1901-07-18
Curious English renures.

Some of the English tenures are ex-
ceeding curious. A farm near Broad
house, in Yorkshire, pays annually to
the landlord a SNOWFALL in midsummer
and a red rose at Christmas. The
manor of Foston is held by rental
OF two arrows and a loaf of bread.
An estate in the north of England is
held by the exhibition before a court
every seven years of a certain vase
owned by the family; another, in Suf-
folk, by an annual rental of two white
doves
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1901-07-18
The Pricsly Pear in Au,tra,,a.

One of the most serious difficulties
In the way of land settlements in some
parts of Australia is said to be an OBJ
noxious plant called 4he prickly pear.
AS a pest to the fa11 ners it may be
fairly classed with thu rabbits. 1t has
taken possession of(who1e tracts of
country and the settler has to fight
a pitched battle for every acre he
calls his own. All heritage may droop,
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1901-07-18
Valuable Spoons,

A complete set of 10 James I sill
yer apostle spoons belonging to Lord
Dcrmer was sold in London recently
for $500. Only two other sets are
known, one in Corpus Christi College.
Cambridge, the other in Goldsmiths
Hall in London. An Elizabetha
standing salt cellar weighing =
ounces, was sod for $4,000, nearly
an ounce.
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1901-07-18
Tho Pawnshop in Mexico.

The pawnshop of Mexico is recent
conner in the charitable field, but has
been extremely successful ever since
it was opened. In 1899 the official re-
port showed that business to the ex-
tent of over 100000 was done by this
institution, which was patronized by
100000 people, or, rather, the amount
of money specified loaned on 100000
transactions.
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1901-07-18

The king of Italy has Just asquired
the island o. Monte Cristo, the scene Of
Dumas thrilling romance, as hunt
ing ground. 1t is about six miles in
extent, and abounds in fur and feather.
There are to be found the wild boar,
the wild goat, the mouff1on. hare and
pheasant. When he was Prince Of Ma
pies the king used to often go hunting
on the island, which then belonged to
the Marquis de Ginori-Lesci.
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1901-07-18

channel. While carrying out this ar
rangement terrific storm arose and
the fleet was dispersed. Some &C. yes-g
sells were wrecked on the coast of Ire
land. Others sank TO the bottom of the
sea. 1t is estimated that $4,000 per-
ished with the wrecked vessels. OF
the proud armada, which set out with
such great designs, only about 80 yes-
sells. and these in wretched condition,
found their way back to Spain.
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1901-07-18
A Royal Entomoloeist.

Among illustrious personages with
queer fads must be numbered Prince
Luitpold of Bavaria. His collection Of
beetles is the most extensive and com
plete in the world, and the prince is
a skilled entomologist, deeply versed
in the habits of ants, bees, moths,
flies, carvings and the insect world
generally.
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1901-07-18

Pope Leo XIII. has just reorganized
MS historic bodyguard. These gentle
men always accompany the pope in his
walks and attend him at all public
functions. Leo XIII. has increased the
corps from eighty to $40 in number
and has placed them at the head of the
Vatican troops.
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1901-07-18

A passenger train on the Mime
apolis, St. Paul and sault Ste. Marie
railroad was recently delayed an hour
by heaps of Russian thistles which had
'been blown upon the track by heavy
winds. The thistles were caught on
the wire fences along the right of way,
where they collected in punches in
much the same manner in which snow
drifts into railroad cuts.
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1901-07-18
Clothed in BeIef Authority.

There IS law IN Austria which
makes it a very serious offense to in.
suit public official Public officials
include all railway employees, from
traffic director to porters, policemen,
tramway drivers, and conductors snd
municipal street cleaners.
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1901-07-18

The numerous islands OF the Pata-
gon1a archipelago are covered with
evergreen forests capable of supplying
Immense quantities Of valuable timber,
while the mountain ranges, being of
the same geological formation as those
of Chill and Peru, are probably rich
in mineral resources.
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1901-07-18

A decree has been issued by the
encouragement of Moscow, forbid
ding the inhabitants to carry knives,
with the exception of those whose vo-
cations require it. Persons transgress
ing this regulation are liable to fine
not exceeding 500 rub1es or three
months imprisonment.
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1901-07-18

The 3sth anniversary of the estab.
llshment Of territorial government
for Arizona was marked by the dedi-
cation OF the new capital at Phoenix.
Governor Murphy presided.
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1901-07-18

The heaviest precious stone Is the
Zircon, which is four, and one-haIf
times heavier than an equal amount
of water; the highest is the opal only
twice as heavy as water.
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1901-07-18

Several substances, whose odor is to
western nostrils exceedingly repug-
nant. are highly esteemed in the east
as perfumes.
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1901-07-18
LORD HOWARD OF EFFINGHAM
Who commanded the British fleet OPP

posed to the Spanish admiral.
al orders to proceed to the Flemish
coast, where another army of $4,000
men under the Duke of Parma was
to join it, the whole force then pro-
ceeding to England.
But the expedition was ill-starred
from the start. Before it was ready
to set out it's commander, Admiral
Santa-Croce, died, as did the vice ad-
mira, Paliano, and the command was
then conferred upon the Duke of Me-
dina Sidonia, man utterly inexpe-
rienced in naval affairs.
While this mighty expedition was
being fitted out, the English govern
ment was not idle. The nation rail-
lied around their Queen, Elizabeth, and
a strong though still inferior fleet was
placed in readiness to meet the Span
iards. The British fleet numbered 1870
vessels of all kinds, many of them
privateers, and these were manned by
1850 men. Lord Howard of Etfing-
ham was in supreme command and I'M
der him served Drake, Hawkins and
Frobisher, the most renowned sea-
men in Europe The fleet was divided
into two squadrons one to guard the
channel, the other to cooperate with
the Flemish and prevent the Duke of
Parma from joining the Spanish flo
tilla.
The Armada's Tragic End.
On May 20, 1888, the Spanish fleet
set out from Lisbon for Corunna to
take on a supply of stores. The yes
sells encountered terrific storm and
eighty-two of the vessels were sunk.
Finally the remnants of the Spanish
expedition got under way and on July
81 appeared off Plymouth. The British
fleet put out in it's rear and opened a
destructive fire, and having the wind
in its favor was able to infiict con-
siderable damage without sustaining
any loss in return. All the way along
the channel the English pursued the
armada with the same tactics, captur-
ing two or three vessels and yet keep
ing out of reach. The English vessels
were easier handled, better manned,
and better served and the advantage
of the fighting remained on their side.
The Spaniards held toward the coast
of Flanders and finally anchors were
dropped off the port of Calais, the in
tention of the Duke of Medina Sido-
MIA. being to await the coming out OF
the DUKE of Parmas fleet from the
Flemish harbors. But the Duke OF
Parma was blockaded by the Anglo
Flemish squadron and could render no
assistance. Meantime the English
drove the Spaniards out of Calais
roads and engaged them in battle
that lasted all day. The Spaniards,
driven to the coast of Zealand, held
council of war and finding that their
fleet was badly damaged and their am
munition running low, decided on re-
turning to Spain for repairs. They
selected the route around the Orkney
Islands, the winds being contrary to.
their p ssage through the English
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1901-07-18
he government Of Pruss

The government Of Prussia y about
establish public libraries. Fl u cities,
srmanent libraries and publ Reading
b6n1s will be maintained, lille Tor
he rural districts movable libraries
.ki1l b supplied.