davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1901-08-22
horticultural obssrvat lions.


The plum orchards 81 the past. still
exist in the memories of our middle
aged and old people. They are mostly
remembered as hanging full of purple
and white and black fruit, frightened
by the dews of morning. Those were
the days of big dreams concerning
plums. The curculio was unknown
and the black-knot had not begun 10
be burden. In every part OF the east
the orchards were set out and nouf-
ished. Every home had it's group Oh
trees and the children played under
the branches and culled the pretty
fruit as they did the flowers. People
looked forward to the time when
plums would be in surprising abund-
ance in every locality. But the dream
was not to come true. From Europe
came pest with which Americans
did not know how to grapple. II
swept like destroyer over the coun-
try. Little by little the beautiful
branches of the plum trees became
filled with unsightly black knots ana
ceased to bear fruit. Tree after tree
was cut down but the pest merely re-
appeared on other trees. No variety
was potent against it and every de-
tense failed. No man knew the ma
ture Of the enemy. So the plum or
chards disappeared, and men in despair
ceased even to try to grow them. From
that point the scientists took up the
work. Little by little the nature OF
black-knot was found out and rene
dies discovered Today the fruit
grower knows how to combat the most
destructive Of all these diseases and
the plum orchards are reappearing. Let
us hope that the time is not far dis
tant when every home will have its
little grove Of plum bearing trees.
Every farmstead will be made more
beautiful and more pleasing to it's in
habitants if a plum orchard exists on
it. Today the culture of plums has
been reduced to such science that the
novice and the amateur can succeed
with them. Within the last ten years
many plums have been brought in
from foreign countries, and more va
rleties have been discovered growing
wild in our own woods. These have
been cultivated and developed till we
have very large list from which to
draw.
weeds his greatest obstacle to success.
The experienced farmer or fruit grow
er seldom mentions them. He knows
that they are easily kept down by the
cultural methods that the crops should
have whether there be weeds or not.
When fruit culture is carried on on
small scale one of the best means of
keeping down weeds is the mulch.
This mulch may be of any kind of
Verdure-grass or straw or weeds. The
writer has found it very serviceable
thing in the culture Of tomatoes.
There is a good deal of grass and
weeds mown that is not suitable for
hay and this is placed between the
rows of tomatoes. 1t ensures three
things: The keeping down of the
weeds, the conservation of moisturei
and the protection of the fruit from
dirt. There is fourth object that is
perhaps attained and that is the in
crease of nitrogen in the surface soil
due to proper shading and moisture
under the mulch.
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1901-08-22
Senator Deboe.s Victory.

After a long and Stubborn fight Sen
ator Deboe of Kentucky has succeeded
in busting Mrs. GertrudtA. Saunders
from the postmastership of Newcastle.
KY, and the $50 a month hereafter
will go to an incumbent who can vote
and work for the party. Mrs. saun-'
ders is widow with ten children de-
pendent upon her for support. She
was plucky and fought hard for the
sake Of her little ones, but Senator
Deboe, with the help of the organiza-
ton of Kentucky, has triumphed at
last.
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1901-08-22

mitted by President Cleveland ron re-.
quest of President Andueza Pahacio.
The young mans political advance,
ment has been rapid and we'll, and all
though he is only 81 years old he has
been elected to the presidency Of one
of the most important states Of Vene-i
zuela. He is the youngest man occu-
plying so high an Office.
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1901-08-22
Root-Killlns of Fruit Trees.

At the last meeting of the Southern
Minnesota Horticultural Society Clar-
ence Wedge of Albert Lea, dealt with
this most important subjS7 orth-
western horticulturists. "In that por-
ton of our country west OF LalDoIch-
igan and north of Missouri there is no
menace more constantly hanging over
the fruit interests of the country than
that of root killing" Last winter was
severe and emphatic lesson in this
line, but on account of snow protec-
ton when the thermometer was the
lowest we did not fare as badly as our
Wisconsin and South Iowa brethren.
1t seemed to matter little last winter
what the condition of the soil happen
ed to be, if the snow were blown of
and the earth fully exposed. The moist
low places suffered fully as much az
the dry exposed hills.
The strongest defense we can make
is by the use of soil covering of some
kind. A very thorough mulch should
be maintained in orchards at all sea-
sons of the year, and to hold this in
place and also to keep the snow, Mr..
Wedge favors the growing of raspber-
ries along the orchard rows. If Prof
Hansons recently recommended trial
| Of the little Siberian bush crab as
stock apple proves all that may be
hoped for it, we may not always be at
the mercy OF winter drouth as in our
nurseries we surely are very largely
| at the present time
Root killing among small fruits is a
very hard matter to provide against,
and is very serious cause of loss to
| berry growers. Here cover crop is
out of the question and mulch would
be too expensive and frequently Of no
avail. cheap and effective system
of irrigation is about the only remedy.
In the roots of the wild plum we for
tunately have an iron-clad stock upon
which to graft, and about the onlv
protection needed is dust blanket in
summer and well-loosened soil for
winter. If, however, the plum 10
grated on the peach or some foreign
stock it will need even more careful
winter cover than the apple.
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1901-08-22
5be rvel9
Pancrarna.
Coffon in central

- SSubTQl xAGfda i44ac
The ambition of Russia to raise ain
the cotton it needs seems to he On thei
way toward fultillment. Thomas smith !,
Unlted States consul at Moscow re-,
ports that 233, 100000 pounds Of cotton.
were shipped into European Russia,
from central Asia last year nv wav of.
the Caspian Sea. The total productionl
of central Asia is now 800 600 900,
pounds. This is not large quantity
of cotton when compared with the.
nearly 6,000,OOO,OOO pounds which haa
been raised in one year in the United
States, or with the $500, 900 900 pounds
exported by this country last year. But
the size OF the Russian crop is signifi-
cant because of the rapid increase It.
shows over previous years. Russia Is
raising at least ten times as much cot
ton as it did decade ago.
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1901-08-22
Bull Thistle.

This thistle is known botanically as
Cardnus lanceolatus. 1t is an intro
duced biennial species. 1t is distrib-
uted exclusively by the seeds, but
these are produced in such great num-
bers that the plant multiplies very
rapidly. 1t often forms patches sew
eral acres in extent on newly cleared
land, but in old fields the plants are
usually more scattered. 1t seldom per-
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1901-08-22

las Ueeu elGCLeQ
president Of the
state Of Aragua,
Venezuela. Young
Alcantara's father
was president OF
Aragua some years
ago, and later was
president of the re-
public. Francisco
was graduated from,
West Point four
years ago. He was
1sor
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1901-08-22
Mildred -
* 6repQnion
BY THE DUcHEs S.


once more for him; while for Lyndon,
turning away sick at heart and misera-
bic, its joys and promises were but as
rotten fruit, ending in bitterness and
mockery.
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1901-08-22

sists in any great quantity and is read
lily destroyed by cultivation 1t may
be easily distinguished from Canada
thistle by it's greater size and much
larger heads, with spine-pointed scales
and by it's leaves, the upper surfaces
of which are always rough, like cats
tongue.
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1901-08-22
Greaf Decade for Mexico.

The census figures of our neighbori
to the north recall those gu neigh-3
Dor to the south, and witt them dec
AIDES developments than which there.
is nothing more curiously interesting
and remarkable in recent histors Il
Canada's population increased by only
81 per cent in the last ten years; Mex
ico's increased by 7.43 per cent in the
last five years. Canada's total is APP
proximately 100000 Mexico's is 49,
57O,545. Numbers alone give the south
ern country power to command rec
IGNITION, but they are not its greatest
claim to respect. Though other
Spanish-American countries
to be desperately engaged I'M proving
that the Spanish Indian blood makes a
people unfit for political and industrial,
progress, Mexico gives proof seeming
~ incontestable, that this is not so.--,
N. Y. Times.
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1901-08-22
Trees should be cut low If thew ,

Trees should be cut low If they are
to be used for lumber A foot in
length saved of the clear timber in the
butt of the tree is worth several feet
in the top of the tree. There is not
only the difference in the increased
scale of the butt, but also the difference
of the two extremes Of quality-the
clearest and best timber is In the butt,
and the smallest and most knotty in
the top.
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1901-08-22

Up to 1S99-19oo, no sweet potatoes
had been shipped to foreign ports, so
far as we are able to gather from the
official statement of expectations.
Sweet potatoes are not produced to
any considerable extent in Europe, and
as general thing the Europeans have
not developed taste for the tuber
mentioned. 1t is reported that they
are planted in small way in the south
of Spain. What few are imported are
in the nature of luxuries and have been
brought from the Canary Islands and
Africa. In 1899 some American grow
ers made few trial shipments to Eng
land, where they began to win their
way. Probably the Americans resident
in foreign countries will be the first
and best customers, and their example
will be followed by others.
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1901-08-22

Adventitious buds are produced by
some trees irregularly anywhere on
the surface of the wood, especially
where it has been mutilated or in
jured; and they form on the roots of
some trees that are cut or wounded.
In these cases such trees may be usual
ly propagated by cuttings of the roots.
Civilized governments all proclaim
that they want peace-but they want
the whole world before they can en-
joy their peace.
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1901-08-22

The average weight Of wool from II
sheap's fleece is 57z pounds.
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1901-08-22
a youthful President.

Francisco L. Alcantara, graduate.
of the United States Military Academy.
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1901-08-22
Care of Milk ON the Farm.

CONDENSED from Farmers Review
Stenographic Report of Illinois Dairy
mems Convention.)
oscar Err of the Illinois Agricultural
college spoke on the care of milk. The
Keeping of milk depends on two
things: The absorption Of gases and
the presence of bacteria. When milk
ing the first five streams should be
thrown away. In the care of dairy
utensils, sterilization is necessary if
perfectly germ-free vessels are desired.
Before milking the udders of the COWS
should be washed no matter how clean
they may be. The washing prevents
lie hairs and scurf from falling into
the milk. Both of these carry germs.
Inc washing should be done with wet
sponge. Feeding should not be done
while the milking is in progress, as
the particles of dust from the hay may
De laden with germs and thus get into
the milk. The question is raised as to
whether it is better to milk with wet
or dry hands. 1t is foul practice to
milk with wet hands, by which 1 mean
the practice of wetting the hands with
milk when milking. 1t is necessary to
wash the hands before milking, wipe
them and milk with as dry hands as
possible. Moisten the hands with
water; not so it will run but just give
moistness to the hands.
AS regards the stable have it we'll
ventilated, well-drained and we'll
lighted. We should use lime with some
other disinfectant in the stable to kill
the bacteria. AS soon as the milk is
drawn it should be removed into a
cooling room and there aerated. This
aeration should take place in a clean
locality; for if it takes place where
the air is foul it had better not be
done at all, and the non-success of
aerators is largely due to the fact that
they are not used in places where the
air is pure.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1901-10-26

vicinity of Patro 81agros. and a posse
OF officers was sent TO make raid
upon their rendezvous. When the out
laws and officers met a long and
bloody fight ensued. and when it was
over Lay and two of his men were
dead, their bodies pierced by Mexican
bullets, and four Mexican officers lay
upon the field, the victims of the
craftsmanship of the outlaws. The
third member of the gang made his
escape during the fight
With the determination of Lay and
MS gang the bOrderland became too
warm for Cassidy. and he returned. it
Is claimed, to his old haunts in the
Hole-in- the-Wall country Bush's in
tormant told him that Cassidy was
seen at Pete" Francis ranch lust
four days before Francis was killed
now.
Killed Several Men.
With the death of Lay at the hands
OF the Mexican officers ended the
career of an outlaw whose name in
the southern part of Utah struck al
most as much terror to the heart of
the law-abiding citizens as does that
of Butch" Cassidy. According to the
statement of Bush. Cassidy and Law
nave for years past been bosom COM
panions, and seldom has one under
other was not at his side. The killing
of number of men has been charged
against Lay, and he had a long record
of bloody deeds.
Lay was born and raised in the
southern part of Utah, and when but
young man was engaged in cattle
rustllng- A number of years ago he
Joined the Robbers BOOSTERS, and soon
won for himself the position of part
ner and bosom companion of the no.
torlous leader of the gang He is be-
lleVed to have been with Cassidy in
the Castle Gate hold-up. and in the
Reno CNev) bank robbery. 1t was
after this that he went to Texas.
w lille member of the Robbers'
boosters Lay married a Miss Maude
Davis of Uintah county, and A boy was
porn to them while they lived in the
Hole-in- the Wall country. but the
young woman took her child and left
Lay Where they are now is not
known. Lay was about SO wears old
at the time of his death. The news of
ms death will be a great relief to thu
peace-loving citizens of the reyions he
used TO haunt. and to the officers of
the law who have sought so hard TO
capture him. There was a price of 5000
on Lays head, offered by the governor
of Utah.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1901-10-26
ASSASSIN CZOLe0SZ
REN0UNCES ANARCHISM

Auburn, n. Y. Oct. 25.-Leon F. =
= CzolgOsz, the murderer of Presi- >
= dent Mckinley, was visited in his y
y cell in Auburn prison today by .
= Father Fudzinisl0i. The visit was =
= made at the request of the con- y
demned man. Father Fudziniski y
spent an hour with the assassin. y
= When he emerged he was asked y
y by an Associated Press reporter y
y Il CzolgOsz had renowned anarchy y
and embraced Christianity He ,
= replied:
= He is a Christian He was =
born a Christian, and although he =
may have renounced Christianity. =
he is Christian, think This is =
all I viii say" =
Father Fudziniski is pastor of =
the Corpus Christi church of Buff ,
= falO.
Just before leaving for Buffalo =
= Father Fudziniski admitted that ,
during the hour he was with the ,
assassin great change for the =
better came over him. He said he =
expected TO see Czolgosz again =
y soon. =
= = = = p b 4 = = = = + . = & / / = =.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1901-10-26
MEN BURIED IN MINE
Cave In Highland Boy at Bing-
ham Injuries One and En-
tombS Two Miners.
Special to The Hera1d.1

Bingham, Oct 25.-At s o'clock this
evening cave occurred in the No. 3
level of the Highland Boy mine that
injured one man severely and may cost
two more their lives. At the hour
stated a great mass of rock fell and
completely filled the No. level. shut
ting in two ~miners-one a man named
Nutting and the other a Finlander.
whose name could not be learned. The
man who escaped was named Pouch.
He was caught in the edge of the mass
and received some severe bruises.
though they are not considered very
serious. a big force of men is now
at work digging to reach the other Two.
but at this hour. 10:30, il is feared they
will not be found alive. Particulars re
Sarding the extent of the cave are I'M
ohtainable and at the mine no one ap-
pears to know how long it will take to
reach them.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1901-10-26

and four Mexican officers. Deputy
Bush said that his information as to
the death of Lay came from a man,
lately returned from Mexico, who has
kept in close touch with the doinos of
the Robbers BOOSTERS. and he knows
{ to be reliable.
According to the information re-
ceived by Bush, Lay and a gang of
three men. established "A rendezvous
near Patro Magros. on the Rio Grande
md were engaged in smuggling across
q Texas border line into Texas
Butch Cassidy himself. it is said, was
at the head of another gang that was
stationed at another point along the
Rio Grande.
The Mexican officers learned of the
presence of Lay and his gang in the
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1901-10-26
MANY PERSONS POISONED
AT A WEDDING PARTY

Bath, N Y, Oct. 25.-Physicians OF
this place have been telephoned to hur-
~ as fast as possible to Cass Corners.
Campbell creek. Buck settlement and
South Howard. all of which places are
hamlets within a short distance of
Bath The aid of the doctors was
needed to attend about ninety people
who were suffering from symptoms of
poisoning. the nature of which has not
been determined.
One hundred guests were at the we'd
ding party last night of Clarence Carr
and Miss Nellie Thomas. at the home
of James NJ. Thomas of Cass Corners.
After the party was over ninety Of the
guests. including the officiating clergy
man, the Kew. George Scherer. were
Frustrated 1t is claimed that the
cases, while serious, viii not of neces-
sity prove fatal
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1901-10-26
60 INTO TIE TOWNS.
American Authorities Adopt the Concentration System the Island
of Samar-SOIdiers Eager For Fight
With the insurgents

Manila, Oct. 25.-The people of the
island of Samar have been notified TO
concentrate in the towns on pain of
being considered public enemies and
outlaws and treated accordingly. II
they can meet the enemy in the open
there VIII be great retaliation Many
OF them have seen and the others have
heard OF the barbarous treatment to
winch the dead American soldiers were
subjected by the Filipinos recently.
FRANCISCO de Jesus, Lukban's chief
Oh commissary, was recently captured
and taken to Cebu. Papers which he
mad In his possession have resulted in
the arrest of many of the best known
presldentes and other civil officials of
the island of Leyte
II develops that Biliran island. north
OF the island of Leyte. has been a bor-
ped of insurrection. Every civil Off
claI there has been aiding the insur-
gents of Samar in every way. Tnev
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1901-10-26

have landed several cargoes of rice and
nave received hemp in exchange. Sew
efal thousand dollars also fell into the
hands of the Americans when De Jesus
was made prisoner. His capture is
thought to be a great disaster to the
revolutionary cause.
General Sumner reports a fight which
TOOK place at daybreak Wednesday at
l ayaSan, province of Batangas, be
tween companies d and 1 of the First
cavalry and band of insurgents The
insurgents were driven into the noun
Ialns The cavalrymen destroyed the
lESurgent barracks. stOrehOuse. 5000
pounds of rice and many uniforms and
blankets
The insurgents yesterday attacked
san Jose. province of Balngas. which
was garrisoned by detachment of the
1Wenty-hrst infantry, under Lieuten-
ant Patrick A Connolly. The Ameri
cans fought hard. but were unable to
prevent the burning Of the town
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1901-10-26
M0RT0E'S DAUGHTER TO
BECOME A DUCHESS

Paris. Oct. 25.-COunt Bosom De
Perigord. who recently married Miss
Helen Morton. daughter of Levi p.
Morton. the former vice president of
the United States. has now purchased
the chateau of Valencay for 2.7IS. 365
francs.
The owner of the domain of Valen-
cay is a member of the nobility, en-
titled to the dukedom. The Gaulois
expresses the belief that Count Bosom
De. Perigord will claim his rights. and
the former Miss Morton will thus be-
come Duchess of VaIencay
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1901-10-26
HUNT FOR TRAIN ROBBERS.
Officers Hope to Land Those That
Held Up Southern Pacific.

Eugene, Ore, Oct. 25.-There are no
arrests yet Of the robbers who held up
the Southern Pacific express train
near Walkers station Wednesday
morning. The officers are working up
evidence and hope in a short time to
have the men behind the bars
Yesterday they were strongly OF the
opinion that only one man was impli-
Gated in the affair. but now they are
almost certain that there were at least
two Several suspects are under sur
VIGILANCE. but it seems the one who is
thought TO be the leader of the gang
has eluded the pursuers. The general
opinion prevails that both the robbers
are in this city and that there is no
possibility OF their making their es-
cape.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1901-10-26
Strike In RaiIroad sbons

Omaha, Neb., Oct. Pa special to
the World Herald from Oelwein. Ia.
says, While President Stickney of the
Chicago Great Northern railway was
showing Cornelius Vanderbilt. stephen
5. Little and w. A. Read of New
York through the shops of that rail-
road here. 500 workmen walked out.
They demanded the removal of a fore
man. who they say is brutal toward
them. The company declines to grant
the demand
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1901-10-26

Truckee. Cal. oct. 25.-Burglars en-
tered the butcher shop Of Joseph Mar
sen. jr.. last night. broke open the
safe and carried away $500 in coin and
$1,000 worth of jewelry. The job was
evidently done by experts. though all
he tools used were stolen from
local blacksmith shop. There is no
clew to the perpetrators.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1901-10-26

Eliza lay Partner of Butch Cassidy Killed In Battle With Mexi
can 0licers-SK Other Men KIIed-Cas-
sidy Fees to Wyoming.

According to reliable information re-
ceived by Joe Bush of this city, Eliza
Lay, the partner and fighting COM
panion of Butch" Cassidy, and one
of the most notorious outlaws of the
Robbers Roost gang. was killed about
month ago in a bloody battle with
Mexican officers near Patro Mayors
on the MexicO-TeXas border. During
the desperate fight seven men. it is
said, were killed, Lay, two of his gang,
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1901-10-26
Shot By His Brother-in-law.

Brockton, Mass. Oct. 25.-Joseph E.
Sullivan of this city is dying from a
bullet wound said to have been infiict-
ed by his brother-in-law. Charles w.
Morse. Il New York contractor. The
shooting is said to have been due to
the fact that Sullivan was giving shell
ter to Mrs. Morse. who came here with
her child some weeks ago. refusing to
live longer with her husband. Morse
has been rrreStad
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1901-10-26
MANY ON THE VERGE OF
STARVATION IN CHINA

Shanghai. Oct. 25.-According to re-
liable reports received by British Con
SUI General Warren. coo, 600 persons in
the province of An Hui and 800 600 in
the province of kiang Su are on the
verge of starvation, and the famine
is spreading The available funds are
insignificant The Chinese have con-
tributed $500 and the foreigners e.
800. committee Of the consuIs is
being formed TO aid the sufferers.