davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1901-01-26

Gas quick as a wink is a proverb
of comparison The rapidity of the
wink is, however, of more interest to
scientists in Germany, who have lately
computed that in our waking hours
by winhing once a second on an aver
age man performs the involuntary
function no less than $4,000 times in
a day, or in a year something like 49,
OOO, 600 times. Measuring the distance
that both eyelids travel as a quarter
of an inch, it is seen that the total dis
lance travelled in . lifetime of MT.
years is no less than 1900 miles. q
one-third way around the globe
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1901-01-26
FARM AND GARDEN.
MATTERS OF INTEREST TO
ACRICULTURISTS
Some Up-to-Date Hints About cultiva-
tion of the Soil and Yields Thereof
HORTICULTURE. viticuIturs and Eioricul-
ture.

Climatic Mobilization of Plants.
We have previously referred to the
desirability of having plants that are
able to withstand a higher or lower
temperature than usually supposed
possible for any particular variety we
now cultivate. We have, as a people,
long labored under the delusion that
the habitat of plants is fixed SO far as
their power to withstand adverse eli
matte conditions is concerned. In Inc
light of recent experiments, however,
we are coming to believe that even our
most serviceable plants may be modi-
fec by proper handling so they will
ultimately be of great service in tenn
peratures and conditions not now
adapted to them. We have an alfalfa
today that will not stand severe con-
dition of cold Recently there has been
imported from Northern Asia an alfal
ia that can stand up to 40 degrees OF
cold. Without doubt both plants de-
veloped from the same prehistoric
parent and formed characteristics &C
cording to their conditions.
That this modification, however,
need not cover centuries of time is per-
haps quite clearly demonstrated by
some experiments that have been car
ried on for ten or fifteen years In
Switzerland. 1t was determined to
learn If possible If the plants growing
in the Swiss valleys could be made to
develop and grow on the cold noun
tains, and, If SO, what the modifca-
lions of the plants would be. Thirty
five orders of plants, represented by
about 80 genera and 120 species, were
subjected to the conditions of the ex-
pertinent. The plan was to divide the
roots or root stalks into equal parts,
plant in the same kind of soil, and ex-
pose them to the conditions found at
various stations upon the Alps and
| Pyranee mountains. Such changes as
| were noted were attributed to more
intense light, drier atmosphere and
| lower temperatures.
1nese plants were found to be mod1-
fed both in form and structure in the
course of a few years. Under the ef-
feet Of the mountain conditions the
underground portions of the plants be-
came relatively better developed than
the parts above the ground. The stems
above the ground in a few years de-
veloped a tendency to hairy growth
and to lie close to the ground as If to
escape the cold blasts. They became
more spreading and the internodes be-
came shorter. The stems became thick
er, which evidently made it easier fol
them to withstand conditions of cold
On the plants of a woody nature the
bark became thicker. The leaves be-
came smaller and more hairy, and tool
on q hue of deeper green On the 9TH
er hand the flowers became relatively
larger and more highly colored. Per
haps one Of the most interesting facti
| brought out was that If q Liant thai
had been modified by several ears ex
posture on the mountains were taker
again to the plains, it would lose it
notifications in the same period o
time it had taken to acquire them.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1901-01-26
Hort,oultural Observations


Apples should not be repacked If It
can be avoided. Once packed they
should remain packed till they reach
the consumer. The repacking causes
additional bruising and the bruised
parts are always susceptible to fungus
growths. H. NJ. Dunlap says that the
failure OF the Canadian apples in the
exposition at Paris was largely due to
the fact that they were repacked before
reaching their destination The addi-
tional bruises they received brought
them onto the tables in Paris in bad
condition, while the American apples
that were not touched from the time
they left the shippers on this side till
they were taken out OF the boxes or
barrels in Paris were in fine shape. 1t
is without doubt true that American
fruit growers every year lose consider
able by repacking for storage.
The North will ultimately find in the
South a strong competitor in the man
ufacture of canned goods. Already the
southern papers are asking why their
people have been SO long asleep and
permitted the people of other sections
to sell them canned goods at a high
price 1t is claimed that the southern
people buy 100 cans put up in other
sections of the country to every can
they themselves put up. This is a
strange state of affairs. for the South
is the section of the country OF all
others where the contents of these cans
can be raised easiest and cheapest.
The fact that other localities have Ia
ken the lead in this matter shows the
value of that thing we call center
| prise"
| At the convention of horticulturists
held at Champaign recently an agent OF
the manufacturer OF a dust sprayer
was present and was given the unusual
privilege of addressing the convention
on the principles of spraying with dust.
He had the previous week visited the
convention of the state horticulturists
| OF Missouri and brought with him from
that meeting note by the secretary
| commencing him to the favorable no
tice of the Illinois horticulturfsts- The
gentleman gave a talk ON the manner
and results of dust spraying, and the
audience was deeply interested The
/ fact is that IL dust spraying can be
made q success it means very much to
the fruit grower. The cost of spraying
as at present conducted Is made large
ly by the necessity Of carrying and dis
tributing such a large bulk Of water.
In the dust spray the poison Is mixed
With lime instead of water The spray
ing il done in the morning while thu
i dow - stfn on the leaves. and this
causes the lime and poison to adhere
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1901-01-26

for impartial proof before passing in
their favor.
A British Criticism on war Horses.
James r. Bowman, writing in the
North British Agriculturist ON RE
mounts for the Army" says: As l
am frequently asked as TO the best pos
sible manner of breeding horses for
the army had better reply in a short
letter to your valuable paper Good
English saddle horses are best pro-
duced by a half-bred stallion, rather
tall, with a comedy and outswell1ng
forehead. His eyes should be bright
and sparkling, neck well turned, and
issuing high out of his breast. with
deep shoulders, broad breast, long,
muscular arm, and short shank, back
short, and ribbed home. girth large,
and his belly round; his headquarters
should be bold and muscular, and not
too long in the thigh and leg; he
should go light, and his knee should
be well elevated and advanced during
the trot.
The progeny of such is excellently
adapted either for road, saddle. or war.
AS to brood mares, it should De remem-
bered that the size of the foal depends
more upon the strength and vigor of
sions Of her middle-piece. Very old
mares are not so fit for breeding as
young ones; and besides, from the de-
well, and artificial food cannot supply
the foal with nutrition like what is de-
rived from natural resources.
Now, the progeny of this class OF
horses are not the man-traps like those
things which were bought in Cumber-
land for military purposes in South
Africa-whatever came of them-for
they were only death-traps for our
troopers. Nor is this class of horses
like the understood weak horses that
were admitted into our regiments OF
light dragons, which rendered them
unable at the battle of Waterloo to
withstand the charge of the French
cavalry.
But breeders generally put their
mares to some Informed thoroughbred
stallion, which possesses no recon-
mendation but a pedigree, or perhaps
the winning of some sweepstake made
| for the purpose. Many Of these are
badly formed in their legs, and show
| evident signs OF bad action by the
scars on their fetlock joints, occa-
| stoned by their striking one leg against
| the other.
But the comparatively low price
| given for a good road horse has, no
| doubt, contributed to discourage the
| improvements ia this invaluable breed,
| therefore the government should take
it in hand, as it is an object of great
national Importance, as it affects both
internal intercourse and external de-
| tense. Now, good horse is as easy
| to keep as a bad one; and I cannot
| see why there is a bad one in the best
horse-breeding country in the world,
for English-bred horses are the finest
/ and the best the world can produce.
The Horned Squash Bug.
| (Anasa armigera.)
Herewith we illustrate the horned
squash bug in it's various stages. They
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1901-01-26
Air In the Soil.

1t has long been known that air In
the soil is a very important factor In
the growth of plants, and that air per-
meates the soil to as great a depth "a
the roots of most plants. Perhaps with
plants not aquatic the depth to which
the roots can permeate is regulated to
a considerable extent by the depth to
which the air penetrates. How, then,
does the air penetrate the soil? Ex-
cept under special conditions, it does
not depend upon the volume OF the
pores, but is influenced primarily by
the size of the pores, since the latter
determines almost exclusively the re-
sistance offered to the circulation OK
the air. The permeability increases ~
this resistance diminishes, and Is
therefore smaller the smaller the soil
particles, and vice versa.
OF the different soil constituents in
the dry state, clay is the least per-
meable to air; and permeabtiity In
creases generally with the quantity OF
quartz present. Soils consisting OF
humus alone, behave, when dry, sim-
ilarly to the coarse-grained SANDS. IN
soils made up Of constituents varying
considerably FROM one another in the
size of the particles, the permeabi1ty
of the whole mass depends principally
on the finest grained material. The re-
markable permeability of most SANDS
can therefore be reduced considerably
by the admixture of comparatively
small quantities of some fine material,
such as clay, loan or mari
In the case of stratified soils the per-
meabi1ity depends entirely on the
finest grained layer, even if the layer
is very thin. In a very impermeable
Nv ia mr. n
remarkable extent by the formation of
the crumbly structure. With an in
crease of humidity the permeability OF
a soil for air diminishes and more
strongly the greater the water capac-
ity of the soil. All soils rich in clay
and humus become tmpermeable at q
point below saturation. If a soil u
wet only in the upper layers the en-
trance and exit of the air is hindered
in proportion to the fneness of the
grains. In soils rich in clay and hunus
this may result in absolute impermea-
bility, even with slight precipitation
Utilization OF Peat Boys.
The peat boys of Ireland and other
countries are likely to have much
| greater valu5 in The future than they
have had in the past The possibilities
of peat have been a subject of study
/ for twelve years by Herr Zschorner OF
| Vienna, and he has found that, while
| the grasses and reeds composing it
have become chemically changed, the
fibers have not decayed, but that they
/ are elastic, durable, non-conductors OF
| heat and non-combustible. These
/ properties adapt the material for many
uses. It has been made into great
variety of fabrics, including blankets
! for horses and cattle, carpets, win
dow curtains, and paper of various
| kinds. The fabrics have the strength
| of linen, with the warmth of wool
The unspun fiber is not without uses.
for it has proven a highly antfseptic
substitute for absorbent cottons-
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1901-01-26

OF course the manufacturers of the
dust-spraying MACHINES claim complete
success for them. We can but hope
that their claims are true, but will wait
for impartial proof before passing in
their favor
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1901-01-26

from side; 3D. above; sculpture ecs newly
nymph, fifth Stage natural sro: 40
nearly the same; 3D. enlarged. greatly magniaed
torginsll.
may be destroyed in the same manner
as other squash bugs, but one of the
best methods is trapping. This bug
remains in the field very late, and this
fact makes it the easier to trap it.
This may be accomplished by setting
out a few late cucurbits as a trap crop.
After the old vines have been destroyed
the bugs will congregate on the later
plants and here can be more success
fully dealt with. A good way would be
to distribute these trap plants about
the garden patches and set fire to
them when the bugs have congregated
upon them in sufficient numbers. This
could readily be done by throwing upon
the plants dry straw or similar mate
rial and adding little kerosene.
Michigan Forest Reserves.
The Michigan forestry commission
recently held a meeting, attended by
Mr.. Skeels, land agent for the state
board of agriculture. He submitted the
following estimates of lands available
for forestry purposes: The state has
about 100000 acres of land that has
reverted through delinquent taxes and
about 100000 acres of tax homestead
lands. About rs per cent Of these lands
were originally covered with a second
growth of timber. There are 100000
acres of what are known as jack pine
plains in Michigan, the timber varying
with the nature of the soil. On the
poorer soil these pines are scrubby and
of little value. The stronger lands
bear some black Norways that are val
liable, and also some scattering white
pines, but the latter are of the buck
wheat" variety and do not have long.
clean bodies. 1t has been determined
that the character of the timber on the
pine plains does not depend as much
on the soil as it does on the accident of
seed distribution.
The study of agriculture is to be in
troduced into the Minneapolis schools
If the plans of several members of the
board of education prevail The work
is to be conducted under special SUI
pervissor of teachers skilled in educat-
ing children in the art of filling the
soil The study viii be pursued in the
summer months only.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1901-01-26
rnoe.l...d and uni.oeul...d s.u..

Inoculatsd and UninocuIatsd Sells.
A German author, A. Caron, spent
time investigating the eff
feet of inoculating soils with nitrogen
bacteria. An estimation
was made of the abundance OF bacteria
in various soils that had been cropped
with oats. barley and rye, following
wheat, rye and wheat There were
found 1.5, % and 81 million bacteria
per cubic centimeter in the three soils.
1t was also found that in black fallow,
a fallow on which grass had been al
lowed to spring up prior to blowing
under, the number of bacteria increases
from spring until autumn, when their
maximum number is to be found.
Investigations were conducted to as
certain the vertical distribution of soil
bacteria, and it was found that they
decrease with the increased depth OF
the soil from which they are taken.
there being six million per cubic cent?
meters at depth of eight inches and
only one and half million at depth
of IL inches, in this field examined.
Examinations were made of field In
which various crops, such as grain,
clover, potatoes, etc., had been grown,
and it was found that where grains
number of soil bacteria as the season
advanced, while there was constant
increase in the case of the other crops.
In this the author confirms the obser-
vations of others that grain crops do
best when they follow such crops IS
legumes, potatoes, ETC., or fallow. not
only on account of the chemical ana
physical condition of the soil, but also
on account OF the presence of greater
numbers of soil bacteria by the aid OF
which greater amounts of nitrogen are
supplied to the growing crop.
The author isolated the bacteria from
soils on which wheat and clover had
been grown, and also rom compost.
making numerous pure cultures OF
them. Pot experiments were made to
test their influence upon the growth
Of oats. The pots were % centtmeters
of bouillon culture, and all receives
the same fertilizers and treatment. AT
maturity the plants grown in the spots
receiving the bacterial cultures gave a.
an average 1916 gm. grain and 2s.S
gm. straw, as compared with 1925 ana
22.14 gm. from the check pots.
In 1893 some field experiments were
undertaken with oats in which the
seed, prior to sowing, was impreg-
mated with the desired organism by
/ soaking for some time in liquid cui-
| lures containing 1t. The yields OF
| grain from inoculated seed and from
seed SO treated were in the proportion
| Of 100 to 135. In the autumn the field
where the oats had been sown waa
plowed and in the spring sown with
| mustard. The yields of green forage On
equal portions of uninoculated and
| inoculated plants may be representeo
by the proportion Of 100 to 1876.
Numerous additional experiment.
were conducted which in every case
gave a higher yield whenever the sol
or culture medium had received an In
| oculation with some form OF sol
| bacteria.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1901-01-26
Gladly Welcomed to Heaven.


Now, the mother of whom 1 speak as
living on the banks of that great river
in Ohio or Alabama or Maine has gone
through all the drudgery mentioned,
and her children have turned out well,
good and useful men and women, orn-
aments of society, pillars in the house
of God, and that whole family, after
the years have passed by and their
work is done, will meet in the heavenly
country. From such a family some
will certainly have preceded her, and
the time of her expected arrival will
be announced to all the members of
that family already glorified and to
the old earthly neighbors who put
down their tolls a little sooner than
she did, and she will have the warmest
kind of home coming. and she will go
through the gate as easily as ever she
lifted the latch of her front door com
ing from the old country meeting
house where she used to worship Go
in, mother. Heaven has been waiting
for you good many years Got rid of
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1901-01-26

all your aches and pains and wear%
ness, have you? Go anywhere in heav-
en-, and they will be glad to see you
On the highest throne you will find
one who said, Behold thy mother
Sit anywhere you please You will be
at home anywhere Take your pick
out of that sheaf of scepters- What.
The wrinkles have all gone out OF
your face, and the once rheumatic step
has become like that of the bounding
roe Just as 1 expected, you aged, glor-
ihed soul. you had an abundant en-
trance
The Wilmington daily Republican., 1901-10-28
Sunday Sc hool Work.

DR.. Marion Lawrence, secretary
Of the International Sunday :chool
Union, was yesterday guest Of
the " lin ngton union, and in the
afternoon in West Presbyterian
Church addressed a meeting OF
Sunday school workers.
DR.. Lawrence will be in Della
ware several days. will visit a num-
bcr OF schools and also address the
the three county suntay school
conventions. His address yest'.r-
day was instructive. He dwe!t
upon the importance of Sunday
school teaching and its value. He
said as an educator it had greater
force and greater results than any
other kind of teaching.
Dr.LaWrence quoted an Euro
pean, Authority who had visited the
United Stutes to study institutions
and when he returned to Europe
said that the greatest results achiev
ed by this country were largely
the work of the Sunday acliools.
On Saturday evening nr. Law
renee was given a reception in St.
Paul's M. +. Church A humber
OF Sunday school workers were
present and Or. Lawrence spoke
briefly,
The Wilmington daily Republican., 1901-10-28
A CASE OF IT
Many More Like it in vii
minntOn.

The following case is but one Of
many similar occurring daily in Will
mington. 1t is an easy matter to
verify its correctness. Surely you
cannot ask for better proof than snch
conclusive evidence.
Mrs. Sarah Wakenhut, No. 3l2
South Adams street, says:-"F'or
many years was troubled with symp-
toms Of kidney complaint and never
found anything which gave me any
relief until | obtained Doan's Kid
ney Pills at N. B. Danf0rth drug
store. l only used them a few days
when l began to improve. BY the
time l had finished the treatment l
was cured. Before I began to use
Doan s Kidney Pills, my back was SO
weak and lame that l dreaded even
to stoop when ! contracted cold or
over exerted myself. My condition
was simply misery. The pain troub.
led me at night as we'll as during the
day causing me to lose more or less
sleep and as consequence untitled
me for ordinary household duties. l
am only too pleased to recommend
Doan S Kidney Pills"
For sale by all dealers. Price SO
cents per box. Foster Mlburn Co.,
Buffalo, N. Y, sole agents for the U S.
Remember the name-Doan Sand
takeno other.
The Wilmington daily Republican., 1901-10-28
ONECEN'T'
ADJUSTMENTS.
GRAND OPERA HOUSE.
MACDE ADAMS.

The Engagement Of Maude Adams
at the Grand Opera House
tonight will undoubtedly be one Of
the most brilliant the eatrical events
that has ever occurred IN this CITY.
Both star and play have won the
most distinguished success and not
a few brilliant writer's have declar
ed that it is the finest achievement
OF Miss Adams brilliant career
and the dainllest, sweetest play
that the distinguished author has
written. There is much iu "Qual.
lty Street that commands admit
ration and commcnds it to the judg-
ment OF persons who hold that
the theatre should in part at least,
be representative OF the intellectual,
he refining, the elevating, and the
inspiring. It is good liter ature, but
underlying this literary expertness
are other things that make excel
lcnce In Mr. Barrle's work. II has
4 vein of tenderness and manly
sentiment that appeals 10 be best
and sentlest traits OF being. 1t 10
an exquisitely drawn picture Of
manners, and the adroit handling
of character and incident is an ex-
libItion Of finest womanship. The
1umor is of good quality and its
Wit is scintillant.