The Bemidji pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Beltrami County, Minn.) 1896-1917, 1901-05-30
DAIRY AND POULTRY.
INTERESTING CHAPTERS FOR
OUR RURAL READERS
How Euccessful Farmers Opersts This
Department OF the Farm ~ Few
" Hints ~ to the Care OF Live Stock
and Poultry.
Eatarrh of Fowls.

sSf Eatarrh OF Fowls. ILL
General Considerations Catarrh in
the sense in which 1t is here used is
any Inflammation Of the mucous mem
branes OF the head, viz, mouth,
throat, nasal passages, and eye sock
cts, accompanied by the formation of q
deposit, exudate or membrane upon the
affected parts, which may accumulate
to such an extent as to cause a dis
charge, or completely fill the cavity
which the mucous membrane lines.
Thus when the Inflammation affects
the mucous membrane lining the nasal
passages there is more or less redness
of the latter, accompanied by q dis
charge from the nostrils, which dis
charge may become thickened SO as to
close the opening OF the nostrils ana
obstruct the breathing. In the same
way the mucous membrane lining the
eye socket may be similarly affected
and a Watery fluid escapes which
battles the eyes, and which later may
become thick like pus, eventually glu-
ing the lids together.
This pus may furthermore become
thick and cheesy, and accommodating 10
the inner corner Of the eye socket pro
duce a tumor like mass which dis
places the eye.
Again the infiammatory condition
may affect tho mouth and throat, ex-
tending to the larynx. In this case the
mucous membrane is more or less red:
dened and covered with q deposit or
cxudate. This latter may be easily re-.
moved, or it may firmly adhere, any
effort to remove it causing the under
lying parts to bleed.
Catarrh is caused by bacteria finding
Judgment on the mucous membrane
which in their growth generate pol
sons that irritate the tender mucous
surface.
The disease may assume two forms:
Simple, infectious catarrh, ana
malignant, infectious catarrh, or roup.
Cur knowledge OF these two forms
OF the disease is not sufficient TO draw
d sharp line Of demarkation between
them, inasmuch rs their general man
ifestations are the same. In many
cases one may he only a mild form OF
the other, in others the two seem to pc
quite distinct Infectious catarrh IS
\ usually more malignant in it's charac-
ter, the symptoms more pronounced,
the death rate greater while its spread
through a flock clearly points to It's
contagious nature.
Simple CatarEh is quite common
among domestic poultry. The mucous
membranes of the nasal passages are
infamed land thickened and exude q
thin Watery fluid which escapes
through the nostrils. This latter may
become thick and hard SO as to en- en-
tirely close the nasal openings n and
cause mouth breathing. The eyes may
also become .infiamed and Watery. and
later the lids become glued together
with the aNiscid secretion. Catarrhal
patches may ALSO form upon the mu-,
cous membrane Of the mouth and
throat. The affected birds show gem
eral symptoms tof illness, more or less
severe. They are dull, have little ap-
petite, and may show roughened
plumage. The birds sneeze, or the
mouth breathing is accompanied by
wheeling ,or snoring sound. The prin-
,cipal predisposing cause Of simple ca
tarrh lis exposure to cold, dampness
and strong ,draughts Of cold air. These
influences may be further aggravated
by insufficient nutrition and lack Of
exercise. 1t is therefore best prevent
ed by ateeping the birds in warm, tight
houses, with good feeding.
For treatment the mouth and nos
ftrils can be washed once or twice daily
with either of the following solutions
-boracic acid is grains to the ounce
of water, or a one per cent solution Of
,creolin. These solutions can be in.
jected into the nostrils by using a
small oil can, and a camel's hair brush
used to apply the solution to the affect
ed parts of the mouth or eyes. Bulle-
tin ~, Delaware Experiment Station.