davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Conservative, 1901-06-27

es possible; and the economic
axiom, that labor is commodity and
that the prices of commodities are de-
ternined by the relation of supply to
demand.
The economic law just mentioned ad-
mits of no exception. A rise or fall in
the price of labor can always be traced
to an influence which has been exerted
upon the general or particular demand
for labor or upon the supply of labor.
1t is admitted that labor organiza-
tions may concert their action and pro-
duce an influence upon the supply of
labor, and it is equally true that en-
ployers may exert a similar influence
upon it's demand. Such influences, in
the very nature of things, are tenn
porary at the best, and can never attain
the consequence of natural law or
permanent cause or effect.
Therefore, it is unjust to claim that
labor combination is the permanent
cause of increased wages unless we
also grant that industrial combination
is the permanent cause of diminished
wages. This is also unjust because it
is untrue.
All men of Judgment will undoubted-
ly agree that it is the law of supply and
demand which determines, absolutely,
the price paid to every man for the labor
he performs.
Protection Against What?
We are told, in the second place, that
labor unions afford protection to their
members. This is probably upon the
assumption that danger or difficulty
is constantly impending. If so, what is
it? Is the laborer protected from physi-
cal violence? Whence comes the vio-
lence? Is it shield against the reduc-
tion of wages or increase of hours. If
violence, let law, which is impartial,
take it's course. If it be a reduction of
pay, let economic law assert itself
normally, or it will triumph forcibly.
The sum and substance of this So
called protection is belief, on the part
of the proteetees, that the employer is
constantly seeking whereby he may in
jure the employee. It is an uncon-
scious or ignorant tendency toward the
creed which breaches constant enmity,
dissatisfaction and disruption between
the forces of employed labor and en-
ployed capital.
There is no natural antagonism be-
tween these two factors they are allies,
parts of one unit. A disturbance be-
tween them is unnatural, and the spirit
and temper of trades-un -unionism, which
is at variance with capital, should be
deprecated by all intelligent and reasona-
BILE men.
The protective feature of combinations
of labor is unnecessary, inviting an op-
The Conservative, 1901-06-27
Che Conservative.

card in labor organization. Testi-
mony from members, holding such cards
would probably substantiate the state
ment. A Baptist would contend fiercely
for immersion as the scriptural mode Of
baptism. Interested witnesses do not
always produce unprejudiced decisions.
He who respects himself most highly
is he who relies most confidently upon
his own exertions. Independence is one
measure of self-respect. Absolute inde-
pendence, intelligently appreciated, is
most inductive of the greatest degree of
self-respect
In proportion as one allows his total
independence to separate into partial de-
pendence, he looses his self-respect.
Surrender one right or privilege, Incl
dent to self-maintenance, and self-res
pect suffers as severely as it benefits by
the assumption Of new responsibility.
What the laboring-man is unable to
secure for himself and by his own ef-
forts, he transfers to his fellow
worker and associates, thus los
ing what the mass acquires. He un-
naturally gives up what the other
wrongfully assumes.
If self-respect were to depend for it's
accretion upon the associative principle,
why not surrender all individual effort
and work out all the problems of life
and it's relations upon this basis. Self
respect will thrive and augment upon
sole -endeavor and paternalistic ideas
will destroy it,
Individual Contract.
One of the most serious objections to
this method of attempting to compel
quickly, that which natural law DEGREES
shall develop slowly, is the beginning of
a tendency to annihilate the right of in
dividual contract.
The hours man shall labor, the
wages he shall receive, the circumstances
which shall surround his employment,
should be determined by an individual
agreement by and between two parties.
The employer should be the better
judge of the number of hours he de-
sires to operate his establishment. He,
knowing the cost Of material, rental,
taxes, the existing competition, the Ca
pacity and profit of his industry, should
be more capable of determining the
value of mans services to himself,
than any other person. He should stipu-
late, as party Of the first part, the pri
mary conditions of employment. AS
party of the second part, the prospective
employee should agree, compromise or
disagree, thus effecting, modifying or
annulling the contract. This is ideal
The real is vastly different.
The rule seems to have been reversed
New-York tribune., 1901-04-14
Delaney ST. CHANGES.
THE NEW EAST RIVER BRIDGE AP-
MENT OF THAT THOROUGHFARE

The construction Of the New East River
Bridge viii bring about several important
changes in Delancey-st. which will be the New
York approach to the structure. The bridge
will end at a point about midway between Clin-
ton and Attorney SITS, and to provide adequate
space for tracks and loops the buildings be-
tween Delaney and Broome SITS. from Clin-
ton to Norfolk st viii be torn down From
Norfolk-st- to the Bowery Delancey-st- is too
narrow to accommodate the traffic which will
naturally come TO that thoroughfare. and with
q view to meeting the increased demands IT
has been decided to widen the street by taking
away eghty-seyen and one-haf feet on the
southerly side from Norfolk-st to the Bowery.
This Will make the street 1877 feet wide from its
western end 10 the bridge plaza
The houses which will be removed are for the
most part old and unattractive, and there
none to which any historic value attaches. Be
tween Norfolk and Essex SITS. there are four
story tenement houses and several typical East
Side stores Dressmaking establishments with
elaborate displays of gaudy gowns, and fire
escapes Uttered with boxes, household utensils.
barrels and all sorts OF rubbish are the
spicuous features of the south side of Delaney
st between Essex and Ludlow sts
I'm the block between Ludlow and Orchard
sts- there is a better class of stores, and
modern tenement house. Another big apart
ment house stands in the block between Orchard
and Allen sts The stores are more pretenuous
than those further down the street but there
also two old fashioned two story brick
houses in the block which add nothing to the
beauty of the street. Probably the best houses
along the line doomed to destruction are in the
blocks between Allen and Forsyth sts. but the
structures which reflect the least credit on the
neighborhood and the removal of which will be
a benefit to the vicinity stand in the block
Between Forsyth and Chrystie SITS. They are
LITTLE old fashioned brick buildings with high
Stops and deep areas. which were considered
ancient many years ago.
The widening Of Delancey-st- viii not only
facilitate traffic, but viii bring about archl-
tectural Improvement in a part Of the cltF
which is sadly in need of that kind Of reform
The lower end Of Delancey-st VII! also De
much changed hen the bridge is completed
Many Of the houses the south side VIII be
torn down to make room for the bridge proper
and the aDproaC H.
New-York tribune., 1901-04-14
HISTORIC FULHAN PALACE.
THE SEAT OF THE BISHOP OF LONDON

THE SEAT OF THE BISHOP OF LONDON
FROM The London Argus
Internally the building has undergone many
changes in modern times. but 1t contains never
theless much Of interest to the lover OF the
anti 4ue and the curious. The finest feature OF
the palace is unquestionably the hall TO the left
of the main entrance. This apartment, with It's
huge open fireplace, It's hlgn placed WINDOWS
filed with stained glass. and its old portraits OF
royaI celebrities carries one back without an
effort to Tudor times The following inscription
placed over the fireplace during Bishop tafter-
ward Archbishop Taits prelacy, gives a sue
cinct history of the place: This hall with the
adjoining quadrangle was erected by Bishop
Fitzjames in the reign of Henry VII on the site
or old buildings as ancient as the Conquest 1t
was used as a hall by Bishops Bonner and Rid
lev during the struggles Of the Reformation,
and retained its original proportions untll II was
altered by Bishop Sherlock, in the reign OF
George H. Bishop Howley, IN the reign OF
George " changed it into a private unconse,
Grated chapel 1t is now restored To us eras,a ,
chapel of more suitable dimensions
The new chapel referred 10 was bullt on ihe
south side Of the palace from designs by hutted
In H. dining room of the palace to be seen
MANY fine PORTRAITS of past bishops Of London
Side hy side with such modern work as Ouess 5
portrait OF Bishop Jackson. the predecessor oi
DIR Temple is a fine portrait OF JuXon' by van
dvka another Of Bishop King by Jansen. ana
third of Bishop Portcous by Homer Here also
are to be noted RorlfaaS oi adjonng the din
ing room is the I'orteous Library, so called pc
cause the collection of books preserved III IL
was presented the See by Bishop Porteous
II 10 = cosev compact little apartment with a
,,auI.ed roof ON the walls are portraits or
Ridley. GrindalI and other famous bishops OF OF
London Another portion OF the eclllce which i
claims notice is the old dining room now used
as a Kitchen 1t is "A finely proportloned apart
ment with an exqusitely moulded ceiling IN the
Italian style 20 ol,1i,,a .
Tho eroilnds of Fulham Palace are OF parhllKe
heautv Occupying an area twenty acres IN eA-
font they have in their limits seVefai idIG
eDccinrns Of trees. relics of the old boiahlcai
cnllection which under Bishops Grlndall ana
sbeldon gave FulhaIn celebrity as great as
tI,at which Kew possesses to-day. one OF the
.-,r,.;,,ale is gigantic cedar tree, IN whose
shade the dcnizens Of the palace find dellehl-
mi retreat IN hot summer days. A hahlilio'n
,Tana troe also invites notice, as does also d
cnri frea the latter rapidly going to decay
n5eTtjon in this connection may also be mace OF
, r,o1nee,ranate tree in the southern front OF the
- During a hot summer a few years ago
e. LIoeeomed for the first time within living
memory.
New-York tribune., 1901-04-14

close of the month was between the fifth and
sixth magnitudcs thus becoming practically in
visible to the naked eye.
1t now appears however that the diminution
in brightness not uniform. Thus. the drop
from the second to the third magnitude took
only six days, while that from 81 to 81 required
eleven. But between March IS and 10 there was
a very abrupt tumble from 81 to 90. and the
star remained at the latter figure for about
three four days. The authorities disagree as
10 the Precise time OF the next incident. but
somewhere between March "a and 26 the star
gained in brightness. one observer says that
il rose from J25 to 10. another. from % to
-; third, from 80 to 10. and fourth from
5;;S to 800 These discrepancies can be ac-
counted for easily. ana leave no doubt as TO the
general fact
simultaneously with the curious gain in
brightness here indicated. the color of the nova
changed from claret to orange. Among
the other eccentrcitcs in the stars behavior
"hich We're reported last month was the in
equality OF the subsistence in the brightness Of
New-York tribune., 1901-04-14
UNPi RDON.iB BILE.
From The Youths Companion.

From The Youths Companion
Chicago clergyman says that while travel
ling in Europe last summer he visited Venice.
and among the Institutions of that city which
particularly interested him public bathing
resort
\ few days later. while in Pisa and wander
inl, about its famous leaning tower. he
COuntercd two young women, whose Conversa-
tion, few words of which he overheard, salts
fled him they were Americans. He introduced
himself. and they were delighted to meet him.
They had just arrived in Pisa. and We're very
dusty and travel stained
on learning that IT,. had come from Venice
they questioned him eagerly concerning the at
fractions OF the place, as that was next on
their itinerary
WELL" he began. you win want to so to the
MalamoCCO and take a BATH
Sir" they exclaimed, turning away instantly.
and leaving him 10 the realization OF the fact
that in all innocence he had made one Of the
great mistakes OF his life
New-York tribune., 1901-04-14

the lower part Of one Of It's hind feet, and it
was deemed necessary to cut this malformation
away. In order to render the animal inSensible
q dose Of six hundred grains Of mOrphia in six
bottles of rum was administered This dose took
about an hour before any visible effect was pro
duced- The elephant then fell over in kind Of
sleep, and the operation was successfully carried
out without any further ado. The operation
lasted III all three days.
New-York tribune., 1901-04-14

IRREGULARITIES IN THE DlMINUTloN OF ITS
BRIGHTNESS.
In accordance with we'll established precedent.
the new star recently discovered In the constel-
lation Of Pcrscus has continued to diminish
slowly in brightness almost continuously since
il was first seen. Between February 22 and "A
there was a slight increase in brancy; and
during that short period it distinctly bright
er than a first magnitude star. closely rivaling
Capella \ week later it had sunk to the
ond magnitude Between March ! and ii
dwinded to the third magnitude. and before the
New-York tribune., 1901-04-14
DOCJNG AN ELEPHANT.

From The London Globe
A difficult operation was performed the otnef
day .t the Geological Gardens at Hanover. An
elephant was suffering great PAIN from s1O"as
New-York tribune., 1901-04-14

the various lines OF it's spectrum. Between
March II and "a. for instance. the and G lines
(hydrogen) held their well. while all the
other lines grew much fainter.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1901-12-13

on pillars running down TO the solid rock
and surrounded by steel tubes is feet o
inches in ditnieter on the inside. Each
tube subway will contain only a single
track. so that the problem of ventilation
will be solved by the movements Of the
trains themselves, each train as IL passes
leaving ehind II a vacuum. which the
fresh air coming In behind It will MI.
The subaqueous bridge" as President
Baldwin Of the Long Island Railroad Com
pany called the new construction in tell
ing about the tunnel scheme yesterday,
Is the invention Of Charles VI. Jacobs of
the firm OF jacobs h Davies, consulting
engineers Of the Long Island Railroad.
IL has never yet been tried, and. as was said.
application TO patent 1t wa made in Wash
ington only five weeks ago, but il has been
adopted as its principle OF construction
by the Pennsylvania-New York Extension
Railway Company. the concern organized
70 build and operate tho tunnels. and Mr..
Jacobs has been appointed chief engineer
OF the company.
The plans in the County Clerks Office
begin on the State line which divides the
North River in the centre. II is under
stood, however, that the point where the
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1901-12-13
Obituary Notes.

William Rich Hutton, a we'll know civil
engineer, formerly Of Baltimore. but who
had resided in New York for eleven years
past is dead a Woodlands, tho family
estate in Montgomery county. Md He was
a native Of Washington. d c. where he was
horn In 1879 For -'vcral years he was chief
engineer of the Washington Water Works
and Of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal Upon
nj removal 10 New York he became chief
engineer for The English syndicate which
started tho tuur'l under the Hudson River
aud subsequently, be -uporintended the con-
.tructiou- ~ W.-hIugt0u Bridge at Harlem,
~" Wa for many vrgr- hCe-President and
member Of the BOARD u Directors Of the
american society 81 Cvil Engineers He
also belonged tu IN" British Institute Of
Iuriu..r- u" ''ny"s e widow and Eve
oL.ldi.n one sun aud four daughters
~" f"y br ! Z HlscoH. a well known
Btlil-i DIfgfTrHu trd author, died early
ihs MORNING 81 home oH Chester HI.
-ou-. ul u' whom b".4m" Baptist cleTgymen.
Ih" eldest 3d.. 90" L'y Charles T. Hiso5k
for fourteen y,ar- stationed at Greenpot.
Ihr other some are The Rev LdwaTd I His-
COX ~ sar,torI. I,s no Rev n q Hisoox
= var. old. rl- for n.ariy a quarter Of
,a. tuI, 90 IfyuIn'i b.ptl-t Clergyman IN
81 i"f Gm .ia l'' na i H., 4" ss' Ml. @r%ss,
90 IT, r,, ,,e b ga u ,Gf BODY foa
v',.l - ~. u'' Gur.i Dirsctory'""
l.la.r n l.,' u',t 60 tho olssA
M ~. "a ~ fraasai
,tt n 81 uf b|'0.nrs cty n lse.
.n. r. ~ u,i.sars vas ii.
i....t u....ao .no 100 teeu ap sprp.ss
., t.t 1000 zoos, " NJ 6%roiIsf.
.l OIL. o. H.t'HIH truih Srsd.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1901-12-13

be n mere fornality. Practically only the
franchise was needed TO begin the work.
The electric power plant, he said. would
probably he established in New Jersey,
where the Pennsylvania had plenty of land
The underground company's Offices would
probably be built over its central station.
Practically all the land needed for this
has been acquired by the company or can
soon be obtained. Az 10 the estimated
cost of the whole plan Mr.. Baldwin would
make no statement.
Gustav Lindenthal. engineer Of the pro-
posed North River bridge. said of the
tunnel plans yesterday that in his opin-
ion they were entirely feasible and highly
practical.
"The Orleans extension in Paris has
demonstrated the value Of electrical motors
and tunnel approaches said MIR. Linden
thai. The train stops 20 let of passengers
or take them on. while this is taking place
the electric locomotive is coupled on and
in less than two minutes the train starts
under new power. The passenger knows
nothing about it,"
Gustav II. Schwab, agent of the North
German Lloyd Steamship Company, ex-
pressed the opinion that the Pennsylvania
plan would be admirable for the city and Of
great advantage to the public outside.
As TO the fairy tales, founded upon the fact
hat directors Of the Pennsylvania Rail-
road are Interested in the American Steam
ship Line, that tho result Of the tunnel ex-
tension would be TO create a transatlantic
mail port at Montauk Point, Mr.. Schwab
said.
That's nonsense. Steamships will b.
dockcd where they have their principal
business and not in the wilds."
Real estate in Queens is likely 10 have a
boom a. the result of the OF
the Pennsylvania plans. There is i'm
mense territory in Long Island City, Ravens
wood, Astoria. Newtown and the region
east Of It where the price of land is now
merely nominal in comparison with realty
values in Manhattan. With the railroad
connections To be established bv the pro-
posed tunnels these sections will he within
half an hours ride of the underground
station at Thirty-third street and Eighth
avenue. In the heart OF Manhattan.
Already, yesterday. inquiries were being
made about the ownership of land in this
section. In some Of the best residential
parts Of Long Island City and Newtown,
however, land can he purchased by the
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1901-12-13

large enough to admit single cars, and they
will be built end laid In circular sections each
about two feet long
william h Baldwin, Jr President of the
Long Island Railroad, with Engineer Jacobs
at his elbow, exhibited TO reporters yesterday
IN his office in the American Exchange
Bank Building, the rough plans for the new
tunnel and expressed his strong belief IN
their speedy execution. Mr. Baldwin is
naturally enthusiastic over the project
He believes that a few years will see the
shifting of The centre Of New York's popula-
ton from Manhattan TO Brooklyn.
The best feature Of these plans" said he,
lis that we ask no exclusive rights from the
city or the State, We ask no control of
New York's streets. We make our own
route below them. Every one else MAJ do
the same.
The progress OF electricity has at last
made this scheme possible. Electrical
motors Ina we now reached a stage of develop
ment which permits their use in tunnel
r~ailroading Now. In It's turn. the problem
difficulty presented by the need Of crossing
the North River has been solved, and a new
era Of transportation in this city will begin.
New York will have many tunnels.
The building Of these now planned will
mean that Manhattan will no longer be an
island and Brooklyn will be put in direct
communication with the transcontinental
railroad lines. IL will mean that a passenger
can arrive in the heart Of the city from any
part Of the United States without change
of cars. II will NEAR for Brooklyn that
from a great central station somewhere in
East New York a Passenger can take a
train TO San Francisco or any other rart
OF the West or South. II unites the Penn
sylvania Railroad and the Long Island
Railroad so that passengers from far inland
will be able 10 go direct to the summer
resorts on the Long Island shores.
The scheme Of connection il simple and
feasible. Borings nave been made all along
the proposed line across the North River
and the conditions to be faced are fully
known. The bridge within the tube will
meet them successfully, and for the rest
Of the way il will be plain sailing.
is IL intended TO develop the route 10
Montauk Point and TO establish transat-
lantic communication there?' Mr.. Baldwin
was asked.
There is nothing in that AT present.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1901-12-13

on each side a rise Of a foot and a half or
less, In every hundred feet.
The profile map filed in the County Clerks
ONCE and reproduced here, shows that at
me state line on the Hudson the tunnels
VIII be As feet below the river bed. They
nun downward toward the Manhattan
shore entering the island 90 feet below
bottom and 80 feet or more below highwatcr
mark, Thence, following the grade OF
me land, they will rise until. between
Seventh and Eighth avenues, where the
great central station will be, IS feet from
me surface, the highest point in the tunnel
Is reached. At Broadway the tunnels
VIII be 55 feet below the surface and at
Fourth avenue, where the Rapid Transit
subway Is crossed, the depth Will be more
tihan GO feet. At the East River pier line
tne depth will be only 80 feet, but between
rock.
Between the tubes running beneath the
rVer and those under the city there will he
a Slight Difference in form. Under the rivers
thetuDcs Will he circular. On land where the
r9adDed Will he stronger, the inverted horse
sloe form will tie used. The tubes will be
10 ieet O inches in diameter on the inside