The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1901-12-28
How Strong Races
Govern Weak Ones

special Correspondence OF The Tribune.
Washington. Dec. -.
THE IMPROI ENIEN1 OF the material. mental,
and moral condition OF the people Of a
Il colony and the methods applied by success.
ful colonizing governments in that work is
the subject OF chapter in the work on colonial
administration. lust issued hv the treasury bi.
reau of statistics. To answer this in Il sin. c
sentence would be: The introduction and cN,c:,-
sion of modern civilization and enlightenment.
To answer it in detail would he to show what
the great colonzins countries OF the world have
done for the advancement OF their colonies dur
Ing the nineteenth century-thc introduction of
roads, railways irrigation works, ivcr and har-
bor improvements, and through them the dcvcl.
opncnt OF production and thus Of material pros.
pcri,y; the encouragement OF comncrce and
the adoption of improved conditions OF life: the
establishment Of reliable and permanent tolnl, ni
currency, with proper banking facilities for the
encouragement Of thrift among the natives: the
establishment oi postal and telegraph service tor
the cnconrasCnnt OF intcrcomm,inicaton among
the people OF the colony and i,rt.:ccn them and
the outside world; the establishment of steam
ship lines to connect the colony with the home
country and the civilized world: the encourage.
mcnt OF education through schools colleges.
newspapers Libraries and churches; the cStah-
lisllmcnt and proper administration of laws and
regulations by which public safety and order
are assured.
When il is considered thai in India alone,
where roads were unknown whcn the British
government assumed control. there are now l5O-
600 miles OF read. OF which 10000 are
'mctnlled:' that the raiw9ys in the British
colonies now aggregate O3.j49 miles against :.
ooO in lsSj, growth in Il Years exceeding The
entire distance around the earth: that tie mr-
cation canals and other works OF India arc &c.
methods exceeds "ORU,0OO acres, and that al
though they have cost about 400 .Ooo rupees
the value OF a single years crop in tho irrigated
district above that which il could produce in
years of drought is more than the entire cost OF
the canals, the importance OF these public woik
for the development of agriculture and commerce
will be apparent When il i further considered
that the commerce ut the British colonies alone
has grown from over 500 900 600 in 1850 to
2,+OOUD.O0O in 1900, their d'veopmtnt under
the fostering care of an intelligent method OF
government and the oonScuunt benefit to the
natives as well as the consuming world will be
appreciated The fact that the British colonies
were able to import Sl.l5o0Op,u0o worth of food.
clGthing. and the comforts of civilized life from
other parts of the world in lSon againS, $780,
GD,000 worth in $50; the French colonies SlGC..
Do,NO worth in 1872 against 81 ,0GOOlD in 1s>1--
an increase OF 80 per cent. in twelve years
still further emphasizes the increased earning
capacity OF those colonies and affords some meas.
urc Of THEN improved material condition.
When il is farther realized that the nmo'inu
standing 10 the credit Of dcoositors in savings
banks in the British colonies alone, which amount
I'd to 600 in lSsj had increased to $2>>,-
U0GCN in lsyo an additional evidence of the
growth ui prosperity and thrift among the people
OF tho colonies will he apparent. When il IS
seen from official reports that in India alone
the number Of posto.ccs has grown from i51
in 1876 to 2ol22 in ls0o and that the number
OF pieces received by the pnStoiiccs increased
from 15,W1GtO in 1850 To 4SotOO,OOO in lSGo the
development oi intcrcommunicaton and of men
tai as well as business activity among the people
may be to some extent measured. Still another
evidence of the same is seen in the fact than the
telegraph Lines in the lirii iSh colonies have grown
from lljoD miles in lSSb to over tjO. 900 miles
in 1900, thus increasing their length in =, single
decade by more than the distance around the
ni,a now aggregate moro than 10000 miles in
length. Whcn it is further considered that the
total number Of pupils in III" schools ~ India
alone is now nearly lj00nlN, against about
3,jGJ,G00 IN lSsS. and that the expenditure for
public instruction WAS in 1901, 3G.2lj 900 rupcrs.
against mi 600 rupees in lSjS, the growth uf
education and c'IucaI onal iacllitic, will he to
some extent realized, while additional evidence
of the general Intelligence wll hr found in the
fact that ia" number of N"rmcuar newspapers
published in India III lSD. was rs, aud the
number u huols and magazines published ia
lSis. ',i:i,, Of which 6,2W were in the native Ian
Sul.p