The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1901-06-07
d A Try AND d no UITRY,
INTERESTING CHAPTERS FOR
OUR RU RAJ READERS. AZ a;
new Euccessful Farmers Opernts Thls
Dspert,m.snt Of the Farm - rev
b iii ~ - 70 shs Care OF Live stock
+ and Poultry N,

" and Peultry. ai b. /,
Catarrh Of Fowls
General Considerations. Catarrh in
the sense in which 1t is here used is
any Inflammation Of the mucous mem
branes Of the head, viz, mouth.
throat. nasal passages, and eye SOCK
cts. accompanied by the formation ola
deposit, exudate or membrane upon the
affected parts, which may accumulate
to such an extent as to cause a dis
charge, or completely fill the cavity
which the mucous membrane lines.
/ Thus when the Inflammation affects
the mucous membrane lining the nasal
passages there Is more or less redness
OF the latter, accompanied by dis
charge from the nostrils, which dis
charge may become thickened SO as to
close the opening Of the nostrils and
obstruct the breathing. In the same
way the mucous membrane lining the
eye socket may be similarly affected
and q watery fluid escapes which
pathes the eyes, and which later may
become thick like pus, eventually glu-
ing the lids together.
This pus may Furthermore become
thick and cheesy, and accommodating in
the inner corner of the eye socket pro-
duce q tumor-like mass which dis
places the eye.
3 Again the infammatory condition
may affect the mouth and throat, ex-
tending to the larynx. In this case the
mucous membrane is more or less red
dened and covered with deposit or
cxudate. This latter may be easily re-
moved. or it may firmly adhere, any
effort to remove 1t causing the under
lying parts to bleed.
Catarrh is caused by bacteria finding
lodgment on the mucous membrane
d which in their growth generate poi
sons that irritate the tender mucous
surface.
The disease may assume two forms:
Simple. non-dntectious catarrh, and
malignant, infectious catarrh, or roup.
Our knowledge OF these two forms
OF the disease Is not sufficient to draw
a sharp line OF demarkation between
them, tnasmuch AS their general man
ffestations are the same. In many
cases 'one may be only a mild form of
the other, in Others the two seem to be
quite distinct. Infectious catarrh is
usually more malignant i'm its ,charac-
ter, the symptoms more pronounced,
the death rate greater, while its spread
through a flock clearly points to its
contagious nature.
IN .,,sA.
among domestic poultry. The mucous
membranes of the nasal passages are
tnf1amed and ;thickened and exude "a
thin watery fluid which escapes
through the nostrils. This latter may
become thick and hard SO as to en-
tirely close the nasal openings and
cause mouth breathing. The eyes may
also become inflamed and watery, and
later the lids become glued together
patches may also form upon the mu-
cous membrane of 1.-THE mouth and
throat. The affected birds show gen
eral symptoms ,of illness, more or less
severe. They are dull, have little ap-
) petite, and may show a roughened
piumage. The birds sneeze, or the
mouth breathing is accompanied by
wheeling or snoring sound. The prin-
cipal predisposing cause of simple ca
tarrh is exposure to cold. dampness
and strong draughts Of cold air. These
influences may be further aggravated
by insufficient nutrition and lack of
exercise. 1t is therefore best prevent
ed by keeping the birds in warm, tight
houses, with good feeding.
For treatment the mouth and nos
'trils can be washed once or twice daily
with either Of the following solutions
--boracic acid Is grains to the ounce
of water, or one per cent solution Of
>cFeolin. These solutions can be in
.jected into the nostrils by using
small oil can, and a ,camel's hair brush
used to apply the solution o,the affect
ed parts of the mouth or es.-Bulle-
tin Al. Delaware Experiment Station.