davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-06-21
REPUDIATED BY
GOVERNOR Stone.
The Allied Third Party Movement
He Declares Unwise and
Precipitate.
REPUBLIC SPECIAL

REPUBLIC SPECIAL
Kansas City. Mo-. June 2l-Former Gov.
ernor Stone. who was in Kansas City to-
day. speaking OF the third party. said:
1T is all n mistake. Meriwether was my
labor Commissioner when ! was Gov.
ernor Of Missouri. ard I know him for an
earnest. honest young man. but he had no
right To organize that party. II he did Il.
III he thinks he can help the Democratic
party and obtain Democratic principles, he
ought to stay inside his party and work.
Il have no sympathy with the movement.
1t will draw from Democrats. as also 1t will
draw from Republicans. A Democrat who
leaves his party can only take votes from
1t. IL he gets any at all. and that Is not what
1 want. 1 want Democratic voters to stay
in the party instead of going to false gods.
The move IL q mistake. 1t Is precipitate.
do not know what Bryan has to do with
not In favor Of even countenancing II so far
as Meriwether and other Democrats with
him are concerned
When 1t was suggested to the Governor
that there might be truth in the rumor that
yesterdays convention was preliminary to
another Pertle Springs convention. he said:
Convention Idea In Absurd.
1T would be absurd. l am not opposed
to 1t. but It would be absurd. Must the
Democrats hold convention to reaffirn
principles that were set forth at Chicago
IN 1850 and at Kansas City in 1900 every
time some set of men become alarmed!
However. IL the Democrats want e osnven-
ton. l am for it. l would sit in y. but
would not offer any Of the resoluticT.
Even II the gold-standard men should
move for a convention. In the hope of gain
ing control, l would second tho motion,
for We could turn them down just as easily
as before.
The only possible excuse ~ wanting
another Pertle Springs Con .sntiCSi Is the
election of Rolla Wells as Mayor of ST.
Louis. / opposed the nomination vigorously,
but voted for him when nominated. But
there are local conditions in a great city
that bring about nominations. and Mr..
Weliss nomination is no index Of the fact
hat the gold-standard men will capture
The state or any part OF II.
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-06-21
BRYAN FAV0RS HANNA.
Nebraskan Indicates His Choice for
Republican Nominee.

Chicago. June 2l.-william J. Bryan. in
talk with Chicago newspaper men to-day.
saiG:
Il am for Mark Hanna for the Republic
an candidate for President next time, and
hope the Republicans will nominate him.
but I'm not sure / can control their conveD-
ton"
WHO would be a good man for the Demo-
Gratis to nominate7" was asked.
It's too early to talk about any man for
the Democratic nomination." said Mr..
Bryan. II have taken up line Of work
and believe i have twenty years ahead OF
me to carry !. out
His Views ON Third Party.
Concerning the new Kansas City party,
he said:
The third party movement. or Public
Ownership party, started In Kansas City.
j know nothing about. except what the
newspaper dispatches have said. 1t Is not
true that was consulted about the Kansas
City meeting. 1t Is not true that the plat
form or declaration Of principles adopted
there. was submitted to me. saw Lee
Meriwther In Lincoln a few days ago. as
he was on his way back from Omaha. but
did not discuss this matter.
What do I think Of the idea? I am very
well satisfied with the Democratic party and
its principles as expressed In the Kansas
City platform
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-06-21
KILLED IN A PRIZE FIGHT.
Contest Was Result of a Quarrel
Neck Is Broken.

New Orleans. June 2.-walter Selph. n
Young drummer. son OF Colonel Dudley
Selph. State Inspector of Rifle Practice and
former rifle champion, was killed tonight
In prize fight at Audubon Park. Hrand
q young man named l.. L. Bailey had a
quarrel at a military bail and agreed to
fight II out with bare fists. They had no
seconds. and pounded each other until
Selnh fell from a blow which broke his
neck
Bailey was arrested. and said he did not
Know how the fatal result came about. He
made no attempt to escape
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-06-21
NEED SEWING MACHINES.
Women Sufferers From Jackson.
vile Fire Make an Appeal.

Washington. June 20.-The State Regent
Of the d. A. r. OF Florida. Mrs. Dennis
Easan OF jacksonville appeals to the chap
tiers throughout the country to send to
that place In her care as many sewing
machines new or secondhand as can be
gathered. Numbers of women who have
been left destitute by the fire could sup
port themselves and help others Il these
machines were obtained.
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-06-21
WOMEN LAWYERS BARRED.
Tennessee Supreme Court Refuses
Them Right to Practice.
REPUBLIC SPECIAL.

KEPT ItLIC kPFITAIA
Memphis. Tenn. June e0-women cannot
practice law I'm Tennessee The Supreme
Court said so to-day. Miss Marion Griffin
Of Memphis was to-day denied n license by
the Supreme Court on the grounds that a
lawyer pract.cing law is an officer OF the
court. and the State Constitution prohibits
women from holding Office.
Judges Wilkes and Caldwell delivered dis
senting opinions. believing the decision OF
the other Justices as reaching too far.
There are a score Of women lawyers in
Tennessee who have been patiently await
ing the decision.
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-06-21
T0-DAY's NEWS IN BRIEF.


a Local discount rates were quoted at 5 70
u per cent cali and time loans The
ciearances were S.sl9o95; the balances, 81
2so.1ss Domestic exchange was quoted as
Follows: New York. 10c discount BID. par
asked; Chicago. Ice discount bid. par asked
Cincinnati 25c discount bid. par asked: New
Orleans. Csc discount bid. par asked; Louis
Vile. 2Sc discount bid, par asked
The local wheat market closed lower at
&c bid July: CSC bid Sept: 6yG10c No. red.
.fnrn closed better at <2i.c bid July: 43,ac
asked Sept; 43Qi3xc No. 2 white. Oats
Closed at 21hc asked July; 2ss.c Sept: :Sitc
Nh.
The local market for spot cotton closed
quiet.
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-06-21

New York. June 3.-GeneraI Robert Nu-
gent died at his home in Brooklyn late to-
night as result Of a bullet wound in the
stomach received at the battle of Frreder-
icksburg. Va, December Is. 1862 while he
was charging at the head Of Meagher's
Irish brigade. This wound has troubled
General Nugent ever since.
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-06-21

Emma Ruth Briggs. years old who was
found asleep IN the Union Station WedneS-
day night. and who spent the night with
Matron Hunter at the station. Is now in the
care OF Matron Knitting in the detention
room at the -Four Courts. Captain Reynolds
Of the Central District Station Is endeayor-
ting to locate Mr.. and MrR William Great
ho1oa the tester parents os the Eiri
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-06-21
Not Indorsed BY Socialists.

Kansas City. Mo- juno 2o-W. E. Clark
ana L. NJ. Richardson. constituting the
Press Committee of the Social Democratic
party OF Kansas City. have issued a state
Inent declaring that the Socialists have no
connection with the Allied Third Party
movement.
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-06-21

The Committee on Organization. com
posed of the officers of the louisiana Pur-
chase Exposition Company. completed ar
rangements yesterday for the opening OF
the Louisiana Purchase Worlds Fair build
ing on Missouri Day. July 2. at the Buffalo
Pan-American Exposition.
Jose de Olivares. a St. Louis writer. was
appointed to have charge OF the building
He will start from st. Louis on his assign
ment next Sunday.
The committee roughly outlined the pro-
Eramme OF the opening exercises. Presi-
dent Francis will preside. Cyrus p Wal
bridge will deliver the principal address.
and either President Milburn or Director
General Buchanan Of the Pan-American
Exposition will respond. 1t was intended
that Governor Dockery should take a prom
inent part in the exercises, but it was
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-06-21
W@N

Appointed to take charge Of the Louisiana
Purchase building at the Buffalo Pan.
American Exposition.
the labels upon the trunks Of persons going
abroad.
The committee also received from a num-
her Of business houses. as the result Of q
hasty canvass by Mr.. Schroers. letters stat
ing that they were heartily In favor of ad-
vertising the Worlds Fair through posters
snd tags put upon their goods and packing
cases. In many instances the manufacture
ers Of St Louis have already acted in the
matter.
For the last six months We have carried
Worlds Fair line'," writes ]. 8. Good
fellow, president Of the Goodfellow Shoe
Company. my buyer has already reQuast-
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-06-21
RAILROADS.

Vice President Russell Harding Of the
missouri Pacific declares dissatisfa ctio,
with the bridge tolls at Memphis. and talks
Of Z second bridge there.
a special meeting Of the stockhoiders of
khe Missouri Pacific Railway has been
called for June 26. to authorize the increase
Of the capital stock OF the road by Sao.ooo.-
90.
J. c. Stubs. vice president of the South
erna Pacific. who recently was appointed
eramc manager Of the Hartman lines.
talks OF his new position. which is entirely
new in the history of railroading.
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-06-21
Get the Most
Out of Your Fond

You don't and can't If your stomach n
weak. A weak stomach does not digest
all that is ordinarily taken into IT. II
gets tired easily, and what it fails to
digest is wasted.
Among the signs Of q weak stomach
are uneasiness after eating, fits of ner.
vous headache, and disagreeable belch-
ing.
Il have taken Hoods sarsapariIla n afs.
Ietent times Tor stomach troubles and q run
Town condition OF the system, and have
been greatly benefited by its use 7 vo,,I6
not be without it In my family. / am trou-
bied. especially in summer. with weak sfom-
ach and nausea. and find Hoods Sarsaparii.
Ia Invaluable"
E. b. HICKMAN. West Chester. Pa
Hoods JaEs1parilla
Strengthens and tones the stom.ch ana
ths whole digestive Aystsm
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-06-21
MISSOURI DAY EXERCISES
AT BUFFALO PLANNED.

President Francis Will Preside and Cyrus Wabdge
Principal AddressJOse DE livaes Will Have Charge
the State Budng-Plans for Advertising Through
the Travelling Pubc-Executve Commit
Meeting
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-06-21
Mexico Lifts Duty o. Her.e..

Austin. Tex. June 3.-Dirpatches from
sieaico say decree issued by the Govern
men, removes the duty on horses mules and
similar beasts Of burden from July i. biz
importation Of these animals frcr, thsS
United States Is expected ''s
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-06-21
ONE DAYS PROGRESS IN WORLDS FAIR WORK.


iton {
Ex
arranged
OF
OF
p o
Foregn
= p tin OF its work
andP
.
=
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-06-21

Suicide Of . Missouri Farmer.
REPUBLIC SPECIAL.
e Pattonsburg NO., June a.-John c. PelI,
. weil-to-do farmer five miles east Of here,
committed suicide this afternoon by taking
caybol1o aaiA
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-06-21
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
MEETING TUESDAY.

President Francis announced yesterday
that the time for the meeting of the Board
of Directors next Tuesday had been changed
from =. m. to l03o A. m. He also an
nounced that a meeting OF the Executive
Committee. which adjourned subject to the
call Of the chair. would be held some time
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-06-21

TA1 Best Prescriptfon for Malaria.
Cnmo md Fever 10 bottle Of Groves TnsteIeas
Chm Tonic. II ts dmply iron and quinine II
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-06-21
FOREIGN.

Amonument to Frederick william I, ''the
Great Elector." was unveiled at. Kiel yes
terday.
A German steamer sunk in the Gulf OF
Aden with $50 tons Of tin.
United States Ambassador Choate il I'll
1n;scndon.
Emperor Williams yacht took fourth
place II the Kiel regatta opening contest
yesterdas.
The soldiers at Tien-Tsin. who engaged In
sfiotng. vii be severely punished by the
difterent Powe.S
Canadn's Premier is very guarded in state
nents referring I. the probable attitude of
the Dominion Government in accepting or
refusing to accept Russia's arbitration in
the Alaskan boundary dispute.
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-06-21
Marine, Intelligence.

Liverpool. June a0.-Arr.ved: Majestic
from New York; Servia, from New York.
= Bremen. June 20.-Arrived: Eaiserin Maria
Theresa. from New York.
Hamburg. June 2o.-Arrived: Deutschland
from New York; Patricia. from New York.
: Glasgow, June 19.-Sailed: Korean, Phila-
delphia, via St. Johns. Newfoundland.
Yokohama, June 1s.-Sailed: Indravelli
(from Hons-Kong). Portland. Ore.
Antwerp. June @.-Sailed: Northman,
Chicago.
Queenstown, June 1e.-Sailed: Germanic
kfrom Liverpool. New York.
New York. June 20.-Sailed: Grosser Kur-
furst. Bremen. via Cherbourg: Auguste Vic
toraa. Hamburg. via Plymouth and Cher
bourg; l. EAquitaine, Havre
Rotterdam. June 2o-Sailed: Statendam,
Boulogne and New York.
Liverpool, June N-Sailed: Common
1ea}fh. Queenstown and Boston.
Lo4don. June 0-Sailed: Marquette. New
Foriss
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-06-21

part Of our goods for the spring OF 1902 will
have Worlds Fair tags attached
Charles Schweickardt, power in the Ma
fional Saengerfest. appeared before the
committee and presented the question Of
extending an Invitation to the saengerfest
TO meet In st. Louis in 1908. The committee
pledged assistance TO the effort to bring
the singers to st. Louis in the Worlds Fair
year.
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-06-21
GENERAL DOMESTIC.


A Philadelphia firm will design the new
Missouri University buildings
Admiral Dewey called at the White House
and discussed the General Naval Board s
work.
Former Judse Charles Ogden Of Omaha
Was nned S25 and sent to jail for contempt
of Court. He threatened to smash" an op-
posing counsel in the trial Of a case.
Illinois boy fatally injured while at play
continues his sport. Physicians say he will
die.
The Epworth League meeting at Fulton,
Mo-, has adjourned.
Doctor Otto +. Claus Of st. Louis has been
eleefed President Of the Missouri Pharma-
eeutical Association.
The struggle for the postmastershfp at
Pt- Joseph. Mo-. threatens to take on ma
aonal Importance among Republicans
Prisoners in Murphysboro, ILL.,. taiI ovsr-
power their jailer and five escape
michigan citizens will erect a heroic
statue to the late Governor Pingree.
New York Supreme Court besides thar a
woman divorced in another State from a
resident OF New York. under certain condi-
lions. does not cease to be his wife within
the boundaries Of New York
m. d. Beardon, former Postmaster of
Bonner Springs. Kas.. was acquitted YES
tsfday Of q charge Of attempted blackmaII
upon Kansas banker
"A verdict in the Barker-Keller ca.. ~
Jersey City is expected to-day, The Court
viii make an Investigation into the publica-
: ffon Of Mrs Barker's alleged confea.ion
sible. Ae"en-
st Louisans entertained Missouri State
Music Teachers at the concerts given af
Columbia yesterday.
Jessie Morrison. on witness stand de-
. ecribes her death struggle with Mrs. DIN
I Castle.
Tho New York Court Of Appeals has de-
:. cided that a foreign corporation. doing
business in that State may be taxed.
although the business Is in the nature of
interstate traffic
!. Fifteen men have been ordered arrested
IN Chicago charged with over insuring
buildings and then burning them.
Corlez. the Mexican. who is ALLEGED to
have killed two Texas Sherifrs has been
surrounded in a thicket near Cotulla, Tex.
Boss" Shepard. a former Washington
politician narrowly escaped assassination by
. Mexican near Chihuahua.
1snnessee Supreme Court decides that
women lawyers may not practice in that
State.
An oil gusher fpouting fifty feet In the
an eno with reported daily now of g. 900
oefeis has br<1 struck at Sour Lake. Tex
A new submarine boat is designed to oper-
ete on wheels at the bottom Of the ocean.
|
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-06-21
SPORTING.

4 Exema ran five furlongs ia trsck-record
sfime at Newport yesterday
Very fast time was made at Fair Grounds
track yesterday. The winners were: Terra
F1rna. Accoiade, varro. Rushhelds. Leo
Bruno and General Magruder
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-06-21
WASHINGTON.

Owl Government will be established in
The Philippine Islands on July 4, with
Judge William A Taft as Civil Governor.
The kiowa injunction case. to restrain the
Government from opening the Indian lands
to white settlement, was yesterday decided
in favor of the Government. and the ad-
ministration viii push plans -or opening the
reservation on August 6
General Chaffee's report on the operation
Of the American Army in China contains in
teresting references to looting by interna-
tional troops in Pek.n and adjoining coun-
try.
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-06-21
LOCAL AND SUBURBAN.

n Henry Willeke. a 12-year-od boy was
drowned In a quarry pond yesterday.
2, Attorneys discussing the effect the recent
Supreme Court decision would have on the
mayoralty contest. expressed the opinion
fbat the contest would be abandoned by
Mr.. Parker and his friends.
The License Board of Revision has sum-
moned 81 merchants and manufacturers to
explain doubtful items in the sworn returns
Of sales made by them.
Delegate Sweeney. Chairman OF the House
Ways and Means Committee. says he be-
neves the appropriation bill will be passed
In a few weeks.
City Counselor Schrurmac cher rules that
the Transit Company has the right to lay
switches and connecting tracks.
Chief Kiely has taken steps to protect the
homes of st. I-ouisans who are going away
for the summer.
Death of Mrs. katherine Krite an old
resident of St LOUIS causes complications
The Committee on Organization outlined
The programme OF exercises for the opening
OF the Missouri building at the Pan-Amer-
fcen Exposition.
Thomas and Harry Mccarthy were
drowned while in swimming with other
boys near Alton yesterday
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1901-11-10

Chicago Social and Economics Club.
'I'he Iowa Homeopathic Merical So
cietv has elected two women vice
presidents, Dr. Caroline Brooks and DR..
Emma Richardson
Several women physicians. such as
Mary Putnam Jacob of New York and
Sarah Hackett Stevenson of Chicago
have a national reputation. This gene
ration can not comprehend the strug-
giles of the first women who aspired to
be doctors.
The last census probably will show
nearly 5000 women physicians, be-
tween 800 and 1000 ministers, but
probably not more than 300 or 400
lawyers
The law is ever conservative. It fol-
lows the public conscience and re-
presents not the highest, but the aver
age morality. But progress Is creeping
into even the law.
In 1863 Mrs. Myra Bradwell was re-
fused admission TO the bar In Illinois
solely because she was woman. When
sixty prominent lawyers OF Chicago
petftioned Governor Palmer 70 appoint
her notary public he refused. Yet In
1880 the court voluntarily granted her
a license 10 practice law.
There are many names OF women
who were FIRST" 20 break down var
ious barriers Helen Rodgers Of Buff
falo was the first woman 70 appear
before the New York Court Of APP
peQls. She won a suit FOR $1,000 DANA
ger for her client
The wife u the governor Of WiscOn-
sir ~ a lawyer. The city attorney Of
Palmyra, No. Il q giri u zi-hiss
Anderson.
Mrs Ella Knowles Haskell Of Mon
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1901-11-10

noses, and carry along a stick each,
chanting in chorus as they go:
Remember. remember
The Fifth of November,
Gunpowder treason and plot;
] see no reason
Why gunpowder treason
Should never be forgot.
The glory of Guy mas in a sense de-
parted. for the early Guy Faulkes' days
soon after the death of the original,
were conducted on a magnificent scale.
Two hundred carloads of fuel were
taken 20 feed the bonfire in Lincoln
Inn fields, London. and there were be-
tween 30 and 40 Guys suspended on
gibbets and then burned; and this GER
emory was always attended by pa
rade Of the butchers with their mar
row bones and cleavers, making rough
music by olashlng them together in
chorus as they sang. Serious mischief
has sometimes been done on the fifth
OF November, as when the Spanish
ambassadors house was burnt, and
the Guy Of the year consumed in such
a tremendous fire that London ran the
risk OF being a second time reduced to
ashes.
II there Is any popular ferment
against an individual OF some celebrity
he Is brought forward as "A Guy; thus,
after the battle OF Austerlitz. Napoleon
I-"Old Boney." as he was called-was
burnt ia eiiigy IN London IN a paper
cooked hat sitting IN his favorlte at
titude with his arms resting on the
back of an old chair. the boys singing
BOny, old Bony;
Hafd-heaFted and stony.
Wen make you remember
Ths Fifth Of November.
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1901-11-10

tana received one of the highest fees
ever paid woman, $4,000, for a case
in which she defeated j. B. Haggin,
the copper king. 1t is said Mrs. Clara
Foltz of California received a $4,000
fee.
The Tennessee Supreme Court has
decided that women can not practice
law in that state.
Maryland is one of the old time
states that refuses women lawyers
freedom to practice their profession.
The Baltomire Sun makes strong ap-
peal for a change in the law.
Miss Caroline Griesheimer recently
graduated with highest honors in
Washington, d. c. When girl she was
made a deputy probate Judge. Then
she won 1900 civil service position.
and finally was made a civil service
examiner. She studied at night and il
now master OF law.
Berlin has a woman doctor OF turls-
prudence.
Rome has one woman lawyer, Sig
norma Labriola. who is lecturing at
the university on the philosophy OF
law.
Miss Margaret Howle Is now making
the struggle for the future woman law
yers OF Great Britain. She is refused
an examination by the law agents. q"
and IN asking the courts 10 compel
them 20 accept her.
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1901-11-10
FUN ON "GUY FAULKES' DAY."
boys of MERRY England" Amuse
Themselves ON the Fifth of No
Nanther


Themselves on the Fifth of No
Vember.
While the boys in New York were
stealing and collecting ash barrels and
empty boxes to celebrate election day.
their brothers across the Atlantic were
begging or stealing materials to make
4 guy, for this is the date of a remark
able anniversary the attempt to blow
up the houses Of parliament in Lon
don by gunpowder, in the reign Of
James the First C603), and destroy the
royal family, lords and commons in
zone fell swoop." Catesby was the
mover of the plot. Guy Faulkes under
took 20 fire the train. Parliament was
10 open on the 9Th Of November. AMI
on the fourth Guy Faulkes was taken
prisoner In the vault of the house OF
commons calmly standing In the midst
Of 36 barrels Of gunpowder, strong I'm
the courage of his convictions and
ready 10 be blown 90 atoms. with
match in one hand and a dark lantern
IN the other. These relies are still 10
be seen IN the Kensington museum. a
lady by a letter 10 Lord Mounteagle,
betrayed the piotters, thus saving the
the country from a great calamity
The modern Guy IL but a grotesque
mCnstrOsity stuffed with straw, usually
carried on a broken chair, holding an
old lantern IN one hand and bunch
Of matches IN the other. his attendant
satellites always wear masks Or falss