Frostburg mining journal. [volume] (Frostburg, Md.) 1871-1913, 1901-12-14
DEEP SEA CURRENTS.
MYSTERIES OF THE OCEAN THAT
HAVE PUZZLED THE SCIENTISTS.

For more than a century scientists
and philosophers have been vainly try
| ing to discover the origin and cause OF
the mysterious current in the Atlantic
ocean called the gulf stream. Why so
called is not apparent, as nothing i'll
| the gulf of Mexico is in its composition.
| There have been many theories, which
| have been abandoned, some perfectly
absurd, such as It's being caused by the
earth in its revolution on its axis, for
| if it had the power to draw this stream
at the rate of five miles Rn hour from
the coast of Florida it would draw all
the water from the east coasts OF
! North and South America at the same
velocity. The prevailing theory is that
| the northeast trade winds drive cur
rent into the Caribbean sea and, aided
by the feeble equatorial stream, heap
up the water in the gulf of Mexico,
thence rushing around the south OF
| Florida from the source of the gulf
| stream. But there is no such heap
ing of the waters in that gulf. The
waters there are sluggish and there is
no perccptible current leading toward
the gulf stream or anywhere else.
This theory has been accepted for
want of a better, but those who favor
it are not entirely satisfied with it. The
gulf stream is an independent body of
water, having no connection with the
water around or behind the point
| where 1t energies. 1t is warmer and
of Il deeper blue than the surrounding
seas and CUISINES forth from the start
ing point off Cape Sable at the rate of
from five to six kuOts an hour with
temperature Of about so degrees,
lesScning gradually as it proceeds on
its journey of thousands of miles across
the Atlantic ocean, warming the west
| crn shores of Europe.
Having seen the fallacy of the the
cries concerning the gulf stream, we
will turn our attention to the great Pa
citic current identical in all respects
with its sister current of the Atlantic
and concerning which there are no the
| cries to contend with.
1t starts spontaneously from n spot
few miles from the south end of the
island of FormOSa, in the Banshee
channel, following the coast of For
mosa nOrthcasterly, past and through
the LOochOo islands, Skirting the coast
of Japan; thence turns eastward on its
long journey across the wide Pacific,
warming the coast of America from
Puget sound to Mexico. Its dark blue
waters are in striking contrast to the
surrounding seas. giving it the name of
Murra Suar, or black water. 1t is an
| t,on no n
ton of winds or currents can possibly
cause the mighty rush of warm blue
water with velocity of from five to
six knots an hour from the start.
In its characteristics of heat, color
and direction it resembles the gulf
stream in every particular, and the
origin of the two streams must be the
same, whatever they may be, which l
shall cndeavOr to show later on. There
is another ocean current similar in all
respects to the other two, with the eX-
ception that it runs in an exactly Op-
poSte direction. Starting from the VI
cinity of the south end of the island OF
Madagascar, it runs SOuthWeSterly
around the Cape of Good Hope, where
it disappears off Cape Lagullas. AS
current, probably part of it Is diverted
into Il steady set of the eastern current,
caused by the prevailing westerly
winds in that region. No scientists, so
far as | am aware, have attempted to
account for this current. Having now
proved beyond REPUTATION that all the
cries advanced as to the cause of ocean
currents are Groundless, it remains to
be proved what Ne true cause is.
1t must be admitted that the currents
have a similar origin, as they are iden-
teal in every respect as regards color,
heat and velocity, springing forth in
the same manner spontaneously from
the earth in some mysterious way.
There is no place on the surface of the
earth where the water can be heated
to furnish the heat contained in these
streams that guSh forth from the
depths of the sea: consequently the
forces must be subterrancan and can
only be accounted for by large bodies
Of clear blue water from the ocean
forcing its way into the depths of the
earth under its crust, where it burrows
a channel OF its own to the surface
again, having received its warmth on
the way by contact with the internal
heat of the lower regions of the earth,
forced on by continual pressure from
behind.
That there are orifices in the earth's
Irust cannot be denied, also what be
romeS of the vast volume of water that
cannot be computed which is constant
ly running Mt the rate OF from four to
six knots an hour from the Atlantic
ocean, through the strait of Gibraltar
into the Mediterranean sea. The nu-
merOus rivers. too, are continually
flowing in, and yet the sea remains at
the same level. Evaporation cannot
account for it, for what Is evapOrated
Is formed into clouds and is precipitat-
ed again into the sea by the medium OF
storms and frequent rains.
The water must enter the earth from
the ocean through these aperturcs on
an incline as it gushes forth in these
three mighty currents and cannot be
discovered by soundings; consequently
these three mighty currents are moth
> ing more or less than immense geysers.
Captain Il. +. Sherburne in Clcve-
land Marine Record.
DIdnI Want 1t at the Price.
NI have my opiniOn of VOup SHrcaa.