Evening star., 1901-09-03
MONROE DOCTRINE
Scholarly Address Of Commissioner
MaCfarland at Buffalo.
SPIRIT THAT ACTUlfES AMERICANS
Sketch Of the Oldest Republican
Capital of the Continent.
PRAISE OF IT'S FOUNDER

American exposition at Buffalo by Commits
sioner Macfarland on the occasion Of Dis
trict Of Columbia day was as follows:
THE capital of the United States Of
America brings greeting today to the Pam
American exposition Of the first year Of the
twentieth century. The District Of Colum-
bia, home of the United States government
seated in the city planned by Washington,
and which bears his name, offers it's con-
CALCULATIONS to the managers Of this ex-
position, and to the men and women Of
Buffalo who made it possible, upon the sue
cess which they have achieved. Congratu-
1ations have come. or will come, from every
state In the Union, from every one of our
sister republics, and from the dominion OF
Canada. but none. we fiatter ourselves, can
be more significant than those which come
from the official heart Of the United States
Of America, where the feelings Of all the
people OF our Union are gathered up and
bla is highly hOnOred in having this day
set apart by the exposition for it's benefit.
but 1t can make some return in delivering
to the exposition the essence of the good
will and fluctuations Of our country. In
deed, as the oldest republican capital on
this continent. 1t may, without presump-
ton, claim the honor to speak at least for
all its younger relatives, the capitals of
the republics south of us, including the
youngest republic of this hemisphere, Cuba,
which comes into independence with the
opening of the twentieth century. George
washington was the example of the heroes
who liberated and founded those republics,
and they naturally looked, and looked not
in vain, to the capital which he founded for
that sympathy and support which they
could not hope for in any other capital the
great world round. In the city of Wash
ington, In the District Of Columbia, they
found what they had right to expect,
recognition and consideration, without con-
descension or intimidation, courtesy as dis
interested as Is ever found among men.
They misread history who see in the deal
ingS of the United States of America with
the other republics Of this hemisphere any
thing inconsistent with the character Of
the elder brother. From the time that they
established their independence the earlier
republics had the friendship Of the earliest
republic, and 1t has been almost always
generously shown In considerate ways.
A Doctrine of Peace.
cit was in the District Of Columbia that
John Quincy Adams, following out George
Washington's thought, formulated the
nounced, and to which his name was given.
1t has never been invoked except for the
benefit Of this continent, and 1t will never
be employed for the wanton injury of any
power beyond the seas. much less to the
damage Of any country between the At
lantic and Pacific. 1t is doctrine of
peace and not Of war. except as war may
sometimes be necessary to gain peace, and
it can never be rightfully used except on
this basis. To keep the peace of this contf-
nent has always been desire Of our coun-
try.
1T was in the District of Columbia that
John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay, in
eloquent language, first set forth the noble
principles of the relations which the United
States desired with the newborn republics
in their efforts to secure representation OF
the United States at the first congress Of
American republics at Panama efforts
which, though injured by partisan opposi-
tion. were crowned with success, although
1t came too late to be of practical impor-
tance. 1t was in the District of Columbia
that after the lapse of more than half
century another congress of American re-
publics, greater than that of Panama, as
the republics themselves had become great
er, met upon the invitation of the United
States of America and drew together the
republican states of North and South
America in closer ties than they had ever
known before 1t was at the opening Of
that congress, the precursor of this expo
sition and of the congress which is about
tary Blaine expressed the deep thought of
the American people when he said
I'VE believe that hearty cooperation.
based on hearty confidence. will save all
American states from the burdens and
evils which have long and cruelty afflicted
the older nations Of the world.
I'VE believe that a spirit Of justice. Of
common and equal interest between the
American states will leave no room for an
artificial balance of power like unto that
which has led to wars abroad and drenched
Europe in blood.
I'VE believe that friendship avowed with
candor and maintained with good faith,
will remove from American states the ne
cessity Of guarding boundary lines between
themselves with Notifications and military
force.
I'VE believe that standing armies beyond
those which are needful for public order
and the safety Of internal administration
should be unknown on both American con-
tinents.
I'VE believe that friendship and not force,
the spirit of just law and not the violence
of the mob, should be the recognized rule
of administration between American ma
tionS and in American nations"
Arbitration a means Of preventing war
has been prominent in the gospel Of our
country. and it was with peculiar satisfac-
ton that we heard Secretary Blaine say,
in closing the Pan-American congress of
1880 in Washington:
"If, in this closing hour, the conference
had but one deed to celebrate, we should
dare call the worlds attention to the de-
liberate. confident, solemn dedication of
two great continents to peace, and to the
prosperity which has peace for its founda-
ton. We hold up this new magma charta
which aboliSheS war and substitutes arbi-
tration between the American republics as
the first and great fruit of the interna-
tional American conference. That noblest
of Americans, the aged poet and philan-
thropist, Whittier Is the first to send his
saItttation and his benediction. declaring:
If in the spirit Of peace, the American
conference agrees upon a rule of arbitra-
ton which shall make war in this hemis-
phere well-ngh impossible, its sessions will
prove one of the most important events in
the history Of the world.
Scene Of Similar Efforts.
''The District of Columbia has been the
scene of many other efforts and negotia-
tic ms, having the same objects as the Pan
American congress Of 1889.
TT has also been the scene Of many eff
forts and negotiations, in part successful,
intended to secure closer and more cordial
relations between the United States and
our great neighbor on the north. who must
be included. as here, in any real PAN
American project. In spite of all that self
ish politicians, prompted by no less selfish
business men, have done to keep the
United States and the dominion Of Canada
apart, they have inevitably. under natural
laws that cannot be affected by treaties or
enactments. been brought closer together
In personal and commercial Intercourse,
orr1. kt,ox