The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1901-11-17
SCIENCE.
DISTRIBUTION or cELEBnIrr IN H UNITED
STATES.

light OF the distribut' on OF celebrity
thro ieh the United State'. The book
contains II ISL names chosen out OF the
$4,000, 600 inhabitants OF the country. or
these ii.iS7 reside in tho United states
the rest In ~ foreign countries. New YORK
State IL credited with ?.s4o; Massachusetts
with l.0i0; the District Of Columbia with $50:
Pennsylvania with $50; Illinois with 7o4
Ohio with t22; New Jersey with 3Ii; California
with ?9i; Connecticut with 200 Missouri win
have less than 200 each. OF the ii ,5Si per
sons bio graphed s.l+i. cases. give returns
that car. be u~sefully classified as TO educai
4,slO are college graduates; SOS had a common
school training only: 2s2. were ,priyately edu-
Gated, and 81 were self-taught; The sum
mary Is distinctly in favor n higher educa-
tlon, and they reveal the country's unparhl-
leled element Of strength IN the poss1Hnh1y
was attained In the public schools alone.
THE POWER or SPEECH,
Speech IL the result Of a slow process Of
natural growth and there IL no human race
that does not possess II. II In the present
state OF the world some philosopher we're to
wonder how man ever began TO bu!ld those
houses. palaces and vessels which we see
around Us We should answer that those were
not the things thnt man began with. Tho
savage who first tied the branches Of shrubs
TO make himself a shelter was not an architect
and he who first lodtcd on the trunk oi u tree
was not "a navigator So II Is with speech,
which grew from rude beginnings All the
more intelligent animals can express simple
conditions Of mind both by sound and ge;-
ture The dog can emit four or nve SOUNDS
each fully understood by its companions
The common barnyurd fowl Inns from nins
to twelve distinct vocal sounds, all OF when
are comprchrndcd by it. chickens. and by
other fowls There can be- no doubt thht the
speech Of man arose, in the beginning. from
similar sources Gesture speech was Ire
quent Many sounds were initiative
Purely conventional and non-Imit1tive sounds
were adopted for convenience. ju-t as dehi
mutes nov invent arbitrary sounds 70 stand
where interlcction ends However II oriri-
natSd !, Io th' somdi,i2 IN Of pr %tn Ssccm ns
human by the power of speech When did
speech originate? Romanes thinks that our
human ancestor may, hav" been IA me age
Of flint when ne added TO gesture. vocal tones
and facial grIriCes the power of speech
The foregoing .''ntenc.S are = very ir"r.
cunningham bofor" the y \ 4 ; In which
the general subject is discussed IN terms
duced hero. A. u Scotchglan, he, mi!Sh' have
quoted land did uot ord Mo"'brddo'- tnous
diCtum that language WIS ihyr","l by, a
congress of learned men Tor the
purpose
E~xPEnIMrNrAL STUDY or VARIATION IN
ANIMALS
Prof Fwart has lately reported the results
of his experimental studies on the breeding
Of animals. treating the various factors sep
arately The primary caus" Of variation Is
the effect Of external Influences acting d.
rectly upon the germ cells
Age has a decided influence upon the char
meter of the offspring. which resembles more
and more that of the younger and more vigor-
RipeneSs OF the germ coll--The offspring
e.uiting from tho Union OF equal. 2 pc
germ cells differs from the offspring developed
from toe "COniuEution Of ripe and unTtp"
cells and still more from t'1t airing from
the union of fresh aud over ripe cells
The condition Of the soma term cells may
undoubt edly be- influenced by q diminutioi
Of the vitality of the soma. ~ there T.. no
nit definite notification 10 the offspring
change Of habitat This factor ,ogts by IN
rucucing the Nigur Of tho soma hut there u
mo- evidence that definite changes of the
soma due to the direct action Of the environ
ment can b" imprinted on "a" germ ceI.-
crossing tend. in general, toward reNcr,Iou.
and never results IN the production or char
NCtnrS absolutely new to the species n may,
however, Indirectly tend toward progressive
variation by Importing additional NIgor, T."
the offspring, which. when lntercrn~-ed ire
sity Of character lnterb eedtng on the other
hand. may be n cause Of progressive variation
Nigor plays an important part in the deter
minntiou of the character Of III" offspring.
and IL intrrhr"eding Ice performed. with AMI
mall deficient In NlSor, or -" 'lo-eIN related.
n leads 10 degeneration, IN" N~priuE beng
delicate. 81 impaired fertility and -ingularlv
enough. frequently white or partly whit. IA
color II % variety Is more vigorous than
the parent form lntarcrns-ing viii not swamp
that form hut will result .in producing more
iudlyIduals rcpresrutinRf
Maternal Impression \n "NldHnc" Wa
found to show Tint such IMPRESSIONS AFFECT
the oG-uriuR IN any Way
Direct action Of the 'nS lr'rmrnt ana use
believed by fVurt io have any action in the
production 81 definite 'ur|l'
Icl.gpus or Infection lri,u.rr 70 'h"
celebrated tIaF T.I#TftI Dr.. lNfl NNf'Hfs