davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Gloucester County Democrat. (Woodbury, N.J.) 1878-1932, 1901-08-29

seven years in milk, has raised seven
calves in that time, now is 10 years old,
safe in calf again, in fine flesh and is
now giving more milk than her f.
month-old calf uses. have a yearling
heifer out of her that weighs 1,145
pounds, another yearling heifer that
weighs Loss and another weighing
1,070 pounds. L have also a yearling
bull weighing 1850 pounds. Any we'll
kept Red Poll calf should weigh 900 to
1920 pounds at 1 year old.
What do we keep cattle for? If for
fun only, get Jersey or Devon, but
If you select for milk and beef both the
Red Polls are the cattle, for they yield
you financial aid every day of the year.
l have better financial returns from my
old COW than have been yielded by any
Devon that ever crossed the waters,
and am willing to compare figures.
The dual purpose cow is the only COW
for the general farmer. 1t is true that
the Devons are styled a dual purpose
breed, but practical men find that even
the Guernseys are superior to the Dev-
ons. We live in an age of constant i'm
proyement. The Illinois is the fastest
ship of war on earth, and the Red
Polled cattle are the greatest financial
cattle ship on earth.
Gloucester County Democrat. (Woodbury, N.J.) 1878-1932, 1901-08-29


Trimming the apple tree is a tough
question. What is an excellent rule for
the close upright growers would be the
reverse for the open struggling ones.
Anyway the trimming should be done
while the tree is young and never to
such an extent as to expose the main
branches. And it makes little differ
ence to the health or productiveness
whether the dead wood be taken out
of old trees or not. OF course dead
wood does not help the looks of an or
chard, nor is it convenience in gath
ering the crop.
1t is question as to the age we
should grow an apple orchard. some
contending that, on account of CIV
ing finer fruit, ease of spraying, of
cultivating and gathering fruit. the
young orchard only pays and that it is
cheaper to grow young trees in place Of
the old ones. On the average year the
margin of profit is not large; therefore
it is not worth while to use great care
to preserve old trees from decay caused
by trimming. In fact. it is not neces-
sary to trim off dead wood when the
tree is dormant and bark is tight, as no
material damage will be done to the
tree.
Gathering the fallen fruit is impor-
tant On account of contagion of fun
gous diseases, as ripe rot. AS to the
codling moth. unless apples are blown
off by high wind, he is always gone be-
fore the apple falls, so we catch him
by spraying.
The borer is said to only work under
protection of weeds or litter. If soil is
kept clean, there is little danger. How
ever. better keep looking for his work.
A little sawdust is evidence. If you
see the sawdust, look for the borer and
get him out Have had little expert
ence. but know he kills trees when left
to have his way.
The fat headed borer has been more
troublesome to us. This borer is sure
to attack the tree where the sun strikes
trunk or limb. The remedy is to cut
him out.
If the tree has crook, let it be plant
ed so the sun will not strike that por-
ton
Plant young trees and keep them
growing. Farm the head low and dense
enough to shade.
All leaf eaters are absent when we
spray with the arsenites.-J. ]. Black
well Before New Jersey Horticultural
Society.
Gloucester County Democrat. (Woodbury, N.J.) 1878-1932, 1901-08-29
Formula For outside Paint.

This proves very satisfactory after
five years application, is as bright as
when first laid and appears to stand
the weather well. says a Maine farmer
in New England Homestead. Take one
gallon of linseed oil, ten pounds of dry
zinc paint and ten pounds of whiting
and reduce to a paste; dissolve one
pound of potash; reduce with skimmi,k
thin enough to spread as freely as oil
paint. Ground zinc may be used, but
does not require so much oil. was a
practical house painter for more than
% years, using French zinc almost en-
tirely for outside work. and am sur
prised at the result of the above.
Gloucester County Democrat. (Woodbury, N.J.) 1878-1932, 1901-08-29

It seems to matter little what kind of
food we give as long as it is rich in the
elements of growth and the chicks keep
in the right condition-in fact, we
ought to feed as much Of a variety as
possible. 1 am feeding my brooder
chicks this season oatmeal the first few
days and raw cornmeal with about
one-eighth part ANNA! meal mixed
with little cold water and lots Of
hard boiled eggs. I had several hun
dred infertile eggs, and they make fine
food for chicks If one is careful not to
feed enough to constipate them. With
hens have to omit the oatmeal, for,
although 1t is the best food for chicks,
it Is too expensive food for even the
chicks after 4 days old, and some moth
er hens eat more than the chicks. I
have generally fed bread soaked in wa
ter OF milk when it could be had, mix
ing in chopped boiled eggs, animal and
Indian meal at times, for the first few
days and baked corn cakes crumbled
fine.-Hin Crank in Poultry Monthly.
Gloucester County Democrat. (Woodbury, N.J.) 1878-1932, 1901-08-29

In good pasture regions it is a note
worthy fact that most of the dairy
cows show better health than those
kept in regions where the grass is less
luxuriant and plentiful, says a New
York farmer in American Cultivator.
In some of the states where grass pas
lures were naturally good years ago
the cows presented far better appear
ance than they do today when other
Or poor farming has permitted them to
degenerate. PROFESSIONALLY the grass
question has much to do with the
health of our dairy cows.
A fine breed of dairy cows was never
yet produced in regions where the grass
was poor, and we cannot do better than
to go back to first principles in our eff
forts to improve the stock. The prime
essential is good grass. Without that
no amount of good feeding or care will
quite make up for it. Good grass pas
lures mean good soil and well watered
land. To obtain these there is needed
good farming, general and dairy farm
ing. One to a large extent supple
ments the other. | cannot imagine q
good dairy farmer neglecting his soil
and pastures or, for that matter, any Of
the crops that are raised on the farm.
More than anything else our whole
dairy interests require some change in
methods which will bring our farms
back to the old rich pasture production
period which made them originally so
profitable for dairying. Let grass, rich
and succulent pasturage, be made the
foundation of the whole matter. De-
vote more time to increasing the grass
yield of every acre of land, and there
will be required then less knowledge
about animal ailments and disease.
Because we do not have sufficient
pasturage of the right kind for our
dairy COWS we have to consider ways
and means to feed them so they will
keep In health and yield the greatest
amount of milk. We have to mix foods
in different proportions to increase the
butter fats or richness of milk and
cream. All this is attended to by ma
ture when the pasture is rich and sue
culent. That is the foundation of the
whole system of dairying. Let US have
better grass, better pastures, and then
we will have better dairy cows.
Temperature For Churning.
A lower temperature is necessary
In summer than in winter churning,
says a writer in National Stock
man. Always test it with a reliable
thermometer, and if the churning can
be done early in the day SO much the
better. for when the sun gets hot it is
almost impossible to have the butter
come nice and hard, even with the ice,
much less without this most necessary
adjunct of the summer dairy.
No rule can be given as to tempera-
ture of churning. Much depends upon
the cows. the cream and the tempera-
ture of the room, but it is safe to say
that for exhaustive separation and
slight loss this cannot be relied upon if
above GO degrees. 1t is an undisputed
fact that with Jerseys or Guernseys a
higher temperature is admissible, since
the butter from such COWS stands up
better in hot weather than from ami
mails not of these breeds. yet even
then So degrees will be found better
than GO, since it is difficult to hold an
even temperature under ordinary cir
cumstances on warm day.
Gloucester County Democrat. (Woodbury, N.J.) 1878-1932, 1901-08-29
A BIG TREE FARM.

A friend of ours, a young man, has
recently purchased 160 acre tract of
the heavily timbered land Of Washing
ton for farm and a home. We shall
watch with much interest his effort to
reclaim this tract. 1t would seem to
be O herculean task, but he has health
and strength, a good market for his
timber, a good soil when he gets the
land cleared and good markets for his
produce near by. He further will en-
joy a most genial climate, one where
everything in the way Of fruit, cereals
and grasses will attain their very best
development. Still he has many hard
days work ahead before be gets rid
of that swarm of four foot cedar and
spruce stumps which, unlike the decid-
uous woods of the east, show but little
disposition to rot.
Gloucester County Democrat. (Woodbury, N.J.) 1878-1932, 1901-08-29
WHERE TO GO FOR A FARM.

We are asked where young man
with a cash capital Of $1,000 had bet
ter go to get hold of piece Of good
cheap land out of which to make a
farm. Everything depends upon the
particular kind of farming he wishes
to engage In. If he is not afraid Of
plenty of hard work and is willing to
work and wait for Is years, he can
work out a good farm from the cheap
timber slashes of northern and central
Minnesota, being sure to see that he
gets a clay or loan soil and not
sand bed, or he may go on to the range
lands of western South or North Dako-
ia and live the life Of a recluse for ten
years and keep cattle and at the end
of that time be in shape to buy well
improved farm in the well settled sec
ton farther east; or, if he takes to hor-
ticulture, he can go to the coast and IN
Oregon or Washington and some parts
of Idaho raise the best fruit and enjoy
the best climate on earth; or he can
buy an so acre farm in the corn belt
and keep cows and raise hogs and have
that paid for at the end of 10 or II
years. There Is just as good a show
for the right kind of a man and thou
sand dollars as there ever has been.
Gloucester County Democrat. (Woodbury, N.J.) 1878-1932, 1901-08-29
ONE WOAgAN

With two faces; one face bright with
health, the other face pinched and drawn
by illness. Many woman can take the
portrait of herself made but few years
ago, and holding it by her face i'll the
mirror realize similar change.
Behind this change in form and fea-
ture is always disease. and generally dis
ease which affects the wonlanly organ
ism The backache and bearing-down
pains put heavy strain on the nervous
system. There is loss of sleep, lack of
appetite, and, as a natural result loss of
strength and flesh.
Doctor Pierce's Favorite Prescription
cures diseases of the womanly organs.
1t establishes regularity, dries enfeebling
drains, heals inflammation and ulcera-
ton and cures female weakness.
swords cannot tell what suffered for thirteen
years with womb trouble and dragging-down
pains through my hips and back writes Mrs.
John Dickson, of Grehfell, Assiniboia Dist, NV.
Ter. III can't describe the misery it was to be
on my feet long at time. 1 could not eat nor
sleep. Often I wished to die. Then 1 saw DR..
Pierces medicines advertised and thought I
I was feeling we'll After 1 had taken five
bottles of Favorite Prescription and one of
Golden Medical Discovery 1 was like
woman. Could eat and sleep and do all my
own work. l would entreat of any lady suffer
ing from female weakness to give DR.. Pierce's
Favorite Prescription a fair trial. for know the
benefit she will receive"
DR.. Pierce's Pleasant Pellets cure
biliousness and sick headache.
Gloucester County Democrat. (Woodbury, N.J.) 1878-1932, 1901-08-29
- 49,
AGHRM eF0gGN
49, An. GARDEN
ONION SMUT.
How 1t Has Been Prevented-A Sim
pie and Profitable Way.

How 1t Has Been Prevented-A Sim
pie and Profitable Way.
The onion smut enters the tiny seed
lings only and has no power to pierce
the onion stem or leaves after the lat
ter have emerged from the soil. The
spores from which the smut grows lie
in the soil, but terminate when in con-
tact with the little Seeding and soon
fill the tissues of the growing plant
with network of threads. The leaves
become deformed, twisted and marked
by dark streaks and finally break open,
discharging the spores of the fungus
to reinfect the soil for succeeding
crops.
AS many of the spores hold over
from year to year, the soil gradually
becomes so filled with them that hard
ly an onion seeding can grow without
coming in contact with some of the
spores and being attacked by the fun
gus. In this way many onion fields be-
come so infected that profitable crops
can no longer be grown.
Transplanting- is, growing the
little seedlings in boxes or plats of I'M
infected soil and setting them out In
the fields after they have passed the
age at which the fungus can gain en-
francois a perfect preventive SO far
as the disease is concerned. But the
Gloucester County Democrat. (Woodbury, N.J.) 1878-1932, 1901-08-29
AUTOMATIC FOUNTAIN.
a sure Method of Giving Fowls

A Sure Method of Giving Fowls
Fresh Water All the Time.
The accompanying Illustrations rep
resent an automatic drinking fountain
designed TO be connected with a sup
ply of water. Either tank or city wa
ter pressure will do.
Those use in my yard in the sum
mer are Of the following proportions,
although they may be made in any
length desired, provided they are set
perfectly level: Ten inches wide, inch
es deep, &c inches in length. Make the
body of the tank out of J. by 6 inch
stuff and have it lined with galvanized
iron.
The cover is also made of galvanized
iron formed into a half circle. This
Gloucester County Democrat. (Woodbury, N.J.) 1878-1932, 1901-08-29

cover answers several purposes. 1t
covers the entire top of the tank, all
but one inch, the full length of the
fountain. This prevents leaves, straw
and other accumulation from blowing
into the water, yet gives the fowls
plenty of room to drink without up
setting or polluting the water. 1t also
guards young chicks from drowning,
as they cannot possibly get into the
water.
The fountain is to be placed four and
a half inches in the ground and set per-
fectly level This will leave it out of
the ground one and q half inches,
which will prevent any dirt, etc, as in
case of a heavy rain, washing into it,
as would be the case if it set level with
the surface 1t also keeps the water
perfectly cool and fresh.
AS the name indicates, this fountain
is perfectly automatic, requiring no
filling the entire season. The auto
matte fittings may be procured at any
plumbing establishment, as it is the
same as is used in all flush water closet
tanks.
Fasten the automatic feeder at or
near one end of the fount SO as to give
the rod and hollow copper ball plenty
of freedom so that it will not catch the
sides or end. Connect the feed pipe
(one-half inch will answer) with your
supply and the fountain Is ready for
use.
AS the water enters the fountain the
copper ball float rides on the surface,
raising the water, and in so doing is
gradually closing the shut off valve,
and when level full it is entirely closed.
AS the fowls drink the water it lowers
the copper float, thereby opening the
valve, and admits just enough water to
hold the fountain level full.
If in any case you wish to clean out
the fountain it may be done inside Of
one minute by simply pressing the cop
Gloucester County Democrat. (Woodbury, N.J.) 1878-1932, 1901-08-29
BABY BEEF ON THE FARM.
Large Amount of Prime Stuff Put Up
In Small and Paying Packages.

Large Amount of Prime Stuff Put Up
In Small and Paying Packages.
In the production of "baby beef"
rather richer grain rations are gen.
orally used and a maximum grain ra-
ton fed, which generally contains some
oilmeal. The grain in these cases is
ground so as to increase the consump-
ton of the food / have known of
small quantities of fax to be fed in the
sheaf as a substitute for oilmeaI,
which gave most gratifying gains.
These calves took ON flesh very rapid
~ on grain ration of snapped and
shelled corn and a sheaf of fax fed
four times per week.
Our feeders are largely approaching
the fact that the cost of producing
gains on any animal increases with
each month of his age and that the
more rapid the gains the cheaper they
will be on the average. We cannot
afford to bring the calf up to 400 or
500 pounds at weaving time and then
allow him to stand still for the next
three or four months during the winter
season and spend the first two months
on grass in recovering from the starva-
ton of the previous winter.
If it is profitable to feed corn to
3-year-old steer, it Is much more profit
able to feed him during his calfhood
and early growing period. If the calf
can be made to weigh 400 pounds at 6
months, it should certainly weigh 700
pounds at - months, 1,200 pounds at
IS to 20 months and 1,40O pounds or
upward at 2 years. if kept until that
age.
Such steers top the market wherever
sold because they not only show the
evidence of good feeding, but because
they have the breeding and the form
which put a large amount of prime
beef in a small package
There is distinct advantage in feed
ing young cattle, as you are better able
to hold your cattle for favorable mar
ket and secure satisfactory prices.
In growing beef upon the farm there
is a sure profit under good management
as prime beef will always pay for the
growing if we start with the calf.
The steers grown upon the farm, if
they are not sold at the moment when
they would have realized the greatest
profit, have still converted into money
a large amount of the product of the
farm at a reasonable profit to the own
er, concludes a Nebraska correspondent
of The Prairie Farmer.
Gloucester County Democrat. (Woodbury, N.J.) 1878-1932, 1901-08-29
49, 49,: ], EE' III III

There occasionally arises a certain
amount of mental confusion, a certain
amount of misconception, when the ex-
pressions line breeding and inbreeding
are used. Line breeding is termed in
breeding but inbreeding is not necessa-
rily line breeding, says a writer in Lon
don Live Stock Journal. The latter in
cludes the former and defines the sys-
tenn according to which it is used. We
may pair blood relations repeatedly
without perpetuating one direct line.
The inbred material may be removed
from one foundation to another by the
introduction of new females. This is
not line breeding, because for this two
conditions are essential, the adherence
to one line and inbreeding. Many peo-
pie have contended stoutly for line
breeding. which was much in favor in
America, and others have been strong
ly against it. The former body hold
line bred animals are more valuable
than others because they make their
mark, or. in other words, they possess
concentrated hereditary power.
The fact that all early breeders of
any distinct breed were necessarily
compelled to breed close and that sue
cess followed initiated against the idea
that inbreeding is dangerous if judi
ciously practiced.
1t is of course quite clear that close
breeding can be carried to a very great
extent in founding a breed, but that at
a later period such very close inbreed-
ing would be ruinous. The general
practice of this course would undoubt-
eddy result in disaster owing to the gen.
eral want of the special skill necessary
to success in any business so dependent
on extreme skill and judgment as the
breeding of domestic animals. The fact
that mistakes are sometimes made is
no reason for condemning a practice
which has been so often successful. 1t
is quite true that great improvements
and great failures have been made by
those who practice close breeding and
outbreeding.
Fine judgment and skill are requisite.
Feeding Cattle For Beef.
Professor Thomas Shaw of the Uni
yersity of Minnesota in an address up
on Feeding Cattle For Beef before
the east Tennessee farmers convention
laid he would not advise the heavier
beef breeds for the rolling and billy
country of east Tennessee, but the me-
dunn sized breeds. such as the Devons,
would give the best return, and that
where oats were worth 80 cents and
corn 40 cents bushel and the finished
animal could be sold at $3.50 to So per
hundred there would be a good margin
Of profit for the grower. Over and
above that cash profit was the fertilizer
for enriching the land. The great, the
crying, need of the soil today is humus,
which constant cropping has exhaust
ed, and the best method of restoring
that humus is by raising forage crops
and feeding them to cattle, returning
the excrements, both solid and liquid.
to the soil, with a correct rotation of
crops, bringing in a leguminous crop
every third year.
Gloucester County Democrat. (Woodbury, N.J.) 1878-1932, 1901-08-29

ROSA MULTIFLoRA AS A DECORATIVE
PLANT.
full, but more so because of its freedom
from the stiffness of most other rose
bushes. In June it is noticeable for
the number of flowers.
For August it is still holding Its
own as a green bush, while the other
roses are hardly presentable. A month
or so later you may think it not so bad,
and as the season slips into winter the
sight of thousands of bright scarlet
berries, above the carpet of snow per-
chance. makes you speculate at what
time of the year-April, June, Deem
Der or March-Rosa multifiora is at it's
best.
at may be very effectively used as
border plant in the semiwild spots in
the wood or at a water crossing
Gloucester County Democrat. (Woodbury, N.J.) 1878-1932, 1901-08-29
A uSEFuL ROSE.
Of Almost constant worth and Bear

OF Almost Constant Worth and Beau
~ Throughout the Year.
The figure from American Gardening
shows single plant of Rosa multiflora,
height, feet 6 inches; diameter, II
feet. A correspondent says: Il con-
slider this one of the most useful roses
grown because of the many places in
which it can be used and yet not be
rather unsightly some time in the year.
In the early spring. of course, like all
the other roses. its greenery is beauti-
Gloucester County Democrat. (Woodbury, N.J.) 1878-1932, 1901-08-29


There is much summer following
done in the wheat country of the Da-
kotas and Manitoba, this being the only
method used to rest the land and in
sure a crop. OF late it has been dis
covered that such fallow fields If
planted to corn, even as far north as
latitude Al and 4S, where the corn has
a nip and tuck race with spring and
early fall frosts. will the following year
produce a much better crop of wheat
than If the land is allowed to lie idle.
and so it comes that the area of corn
culture is being greatly extended in
that north country, the earliest known
varieties being planted and at least a
good crop of fodder raised and some
times quite crop of corn.
Gloucester County Democrat. (Woodbury, N.J.) 1878-1932, 1901-08-29
Flavor and texture OF Cheese.

These qualities are exceedingly i'm
portant in the manufacture of cheese,
and unless high standard is secured
in both instances the manufacture of
cheese will not be profitable. Il COWS
are kept on good pastures, given pure
drinking water, or If the feed supplied
is clover hay, well preserved silage,
grains free from mold, the favor of
the cheese will be good. Potatoes, tur-
nips and nodded feed of any kind must
neglected in the process of manufac-
ture, and If it is allowed to be contain
mated from foul odors and the like,
good cheese is not possible.