The Montgomery advertiser., 1901-08-31
HOW TO LEARN SPANISH
LESSON VII.
By Geo. F. FcKibben. A. M.

LESSON VII.
 AND CLASS 2 OF
 PECULIAR VERBS.
 ee Propositions are ciassed as simple and compound. They appear with nouns and pronouns, singular ana piu- ral and a few with verbs. inhnitives and participles.
 ta) The following list contains the most frequently used propositions ana one at least of their meanings:
 AQ), to; ante, before. :n front or; baio under; con, with; contra, against de. of. from; desde (rare, dende), from' since; durante, during; tn. in, at. on' entre. between, among; excepto. ex- cept; hacia(S), towards; hasta, to. as far Ss. till; mediante, through, py means of; menos(O. except, but; no on- stante, notwithstanding; para, TOT, to- in order to-; DOT, by, through, for; saca- do (rare) deducting; salvo. save, ex- cepting; segun. according to- sin. "i.n- out; SO (rare). under on; soore, on' up- on. about; tras, after. behind.
 Examples of the simple spreposltions in use: Las ventanas dan al Jardin, the windows op,n upon the garden. voy al correo todos los dias. go to the postoff1ce every day. Busco al (see sec tion 13) muchacho, seek the boy. ven eo Se la tienda, I come from the shop 1store). En la ciudad y en el campo, in the city and in the country. NO me acuerdo de ese asunto. don't remem Der that matter. Un billete de ferro- carril A railroad ticket. Un reloJ de niata a silver spoon. Estaba entonces de embaiado en Madrid el poeta Low ell the poet Lowell was then in Mad- r;d os amha ssadOr.
 Desde and Hasta. Desda Ia manyana hasta la noche, from morning unAl night. Desde el Pirineo hasta los dos mares. from the Pyrences to the two seas.
 por and Para. Manyana DOT in man vana. tomorrow morning. Manyana DOT la tarde, tomorrow afternoon. evenlng' Entra DOT la puerta sale DOT Ia ven tana. he enters by the door ana goes out by the window. Le han despeoiuo DOT una falta muy leve, they nave dis missed him for a very slight fault. Esta frase SC traduce palabra DOT pala- bra. this sentence Is translated Word for word. Tengo aQ este hombre DOT e eatendido, I regard this man as inteili- gent. Le dcy mi perro DOT su escopeta. I give him my dog for his gun. Aquel caballo es Iara mi hijo. that horse IS for my son. Amigo moi no estoy para reir I am not inclined to laugh. See below (66. c) for DOT and para Wlln the inf1nitive. Sobre. Fl sombrero estaO sobre la cama the hat Is on the bed. La carl dad es sobre todas las virtudes. charity ia superior to all virtues. Sobre ser po- bre. no quiefe trabaj ar, besides being poor he won't work.
 Tras. Yo vengo tras ellos. l come after them. Viene ell verano tras Ia primavera, summer comes after spring (b) The compound propositions are more numerous. though we can men ton here comparatively few. Most ol them are formed by combining a(D anc de with adverbs or nouns. as the fol' lowing list shows:
 | Acerca de, about. concerning; ademas de, beside: alreedor de. around; ante' de, before (of time); en casa de, Tn tho house of; conforme aO, according to delante de, before (of place); frent' ad), opposite; juntamente con, togeth CT with; tocante aO, concerning.
 Of a more complex kind, and contain ing a noun instead of an adverb. w have the following:
 | A causa de, on account of: a excep cion de, with the exception of; fuerzi de. by dint of; al cabo de, at the ex piration of; a .pesar de, or despech' de in spite or. al trdVeSNll uc' oCio9e through; de aQ), of. at-each; en luga de or en veg de, instead of; mas alii lti). de, beyond: ror 'azon 'ie. by '"a son of; sin embargo de. notwithstand ing: en cuanto aU. with respect to Il para con, towards. to (of moral direc tion.)
 tc) The proposition used most oftel before the infinitive are aU, con. oe en. para, DOT. sin, and the compound ending in de. etc.
 Examples Estudio DOT ser sapio, o para ser sabio, I study for the sake | being learned, or in order to be learned Sc come para vivir. no Sc Vlve part conner. one eats to live, one does no live to eat. Habla solo(O DOT hablar he talks merely for the sake of talking Con ser soldado. no manitesta much valor though he is a soldier (with pc ing a soldier) he does not show mucl courage. Els de desear que no Venga, l is to be desired that he may not come Sc echaba aQ) reir. he was beginninl to laugh. Vuelve a venir, he come again Che turns to come). Vov verb. I am going to see it. Aprend aC) leer escribir. I learn to read an write. Acabo de llegar, have just ar rived q finish to arrive).
 (d) Propositions with the participles Occasionally we meet en, In, with tn nresent participle. and with the pas participle. antes de. iespuesO de. lue go do meaning respectively before after aS soon aa