The age-herald., 1901-11-25
Subject of Great Importance to
 United States
SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT
The Treasury Bureau of Statistics Shortly Issue Publication on "ColonIal Administration"
 Work of Mir. Austin.

pVH WHICH VIII pc issued py the treasury bureau of statistics as part of the Oc- tober number of the Monthly Summary of Commerce and Finance. It is under stood to be the personal work of the chief of the bureau. Mir. Austin, who re- gently visited the capitals of colonial de- partments of the European governments with the purpose of obtaining information regarding the methods applied in the gov ernment of colonies.
 The work Is devoted especially to the government and development of colonies in tropical and sub-tropical territory, and the method by which this relationship between temperate zone nations and trop- ical areas becomes mutually beneficial to the people of both communities. The study, which occupied over 400 closely printed pages, Is summarized on a single page as follows:
 Summary of Facts.
 Tt may not be improper, in closing this study of the six great questions into which the subject at the beginning di- vided itself. to briefly summarize the facts developed by the investigation. Be- fore stating these conclusions it is proper to again call attention to the fact that this study and the conclusions drawn therefrom relate especially to conditions in tropical and subtropical colonies. It is in colonies of this class that the people of the United States are especially inter ested at the present time from the prac- tical standpoint; the conclusions do not relate. therefore, as a general rule to con ditions in the great selfgoverning col onies inhabitated chiefly by people of the mother country. such, for example, as Canada, Australia and South Africa.
 Tt has been assumed in this study that the chief purpose in the manage ment of tropical and sub-tropical colonies is the development and advancement of the people of the colony and the territory which they occupy, and that when this is accomplished the result will be bene- ficial to the commerce of the mother country, and the world through both the which will follow such development of the territories in question. It Is along the lines above indicated that this study has been made, and the conclusions which follow reached.
 "First-What share of the government of the successfully managed colony orig inaIes at the seat of the home govern ment and what share in the colony; and by whom and in what manner are the laws and regulations created?
 Government for Colonies.
 ''The general system of government adopted for the colony is determined by action of the legislative body of the home government, and when this Is done the conduct of the details is placed in the hands of department of communities differing in race, customs, and climatic conditions from those of the home gov ernment. appoint from their own people a Governor and other executive officers, and these officials, with others named by the home government, from the law-mak- ing body in the colony, though in the more advanced colonies a popular branch of the law-making body is also electe by the people of the colony. The more im- portant of the laws and regulations formed by the law-making body are sub mitted to the home government, and are subject to its final action. but the de- tails of framing and administering the laws and regulations are left to the rep resentatives in the colony of the home government.
 "Second-What share of the admins by representatives of the home govern ment and what share is entrusted to the natives in conjunction with the represen- tatives in the colony of the home gov ernment?
 Administration of Government.
 "The general administration of govern ment in the colony is performed by the Governor and other executive officers, and the law-making Is by the legislative bodies above described; but the details O. administration are largely carried out by the natives in conjunction with and un- der the supervision of the direct repre- sentatives of the home government Lo- cal and municipal legislation and admin istration Is left to the natives wherever practicable, and they are encouraged to assume the duties of administering law and order and improving and developing the community.
 "Second = What steps are taken and methods applied to improve the material, mental and moral condition of the people of the colony?
 Roads, Railways, Etc.
 ''The first and most important steps after the development of order are the creation Of roads, railways. telegraphs, steamship lines and other methods of and transportation by which the natural products of the colony can be sent to the markets of the world. where they will find ready sale. With this the native finds his earning power and with this increase of earn ngs comes increased desire for the com forts and conveniences of civilization, which in turn are followed by better homes, education. newspapers, schools, churches and increased powers of self The public works for the development and Improvement of the colony are usually created with funds raised by local taxation or loans based upon future revenues, and not with funds supplied by the home government: nor does the home government usually make itself responsible for the loans raised by the colony.
 How are the habits of industry and thrift inculcated among the natives and ( l.- l..