davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Reporter and farmer. [volume] (Webster, Day County, Dakota [S.D.]) 188?-1946, 1901-12-05

NA'" u Lhe estern states have al
Ieduy recognized this and have incorpo-
%'e III lhelr constitutions the doctrine
Vi perpetual state ownership of water.
II DEMENT'S which nave followed the
unaided development 81 the psst i,stiFv
the nations aid and co-operation in the
more dlthcult and important work yet to
De accomplished. Laws so vitality affect
ing MONIES as those which control the wa
Ter supply win only be effective when
'hey nave the sanction of the irrigators:
reforms can only be final and satisfactory
"hen they come through the ~enlighten-
heht OF the people most concerned. The
larger development which national aid in
sures should, however, awaken in every
ara state the determination to make its
irrigation system equal in Justice and
effectiveness that of any country in the
civilized world. Nothing could be more
unwlse h for isolated communities to
continue to learn everything experiment.
tally instead of profting by what is al
ready known elsewhere. We are deal
ing with a new and momentous question
IN the pregnant years while institutions
are forming, and what we do will affect
not only the present but future genera
tons.
Our aim should be not simply 20 re-
claim the largest area of land and provide
ioHles LOT the largest number OF people,
but to create for this new industry the
best possible social and industrial condi-
tons, and this requires that we not only
understand the existing situation, but
avail ourselves of the best experience Of
the time in the solution of it's problems.
A careful study should be made both by
the nation and the states OF the irrigation
laws n conditions here and abroad.
Ultimately it will probably be necessary
for the nation to cooperate with the
several arid states In proportion as these
states by their legislation and admin
lstration show themselves fit to receive It.
Reporter and farmer. [volume] (Webster, Day County, Dakota [S.D.]) 188?-1946, 1901-12-05

mountain forests are properly pro.eot.s
py law n properly guarded So 8.
tnese areas have been so denudeS q, 49,, u
race vegetation by overgrazing thai tho
ground breeding birds. INCLUDING sro' nn
ana quail, and many mammals inc1uSIss
oeer, nave been exterminated or ari,,ns
away. AT the same time the water go
ing capacity OF the surface has haar az
creased or destroyed, thus nromnttnn
uooas IN times of rain and diminishine
'ne now or streams between rains
III cases where natural conditions ho,o
peen restored for a few years vegetation
mas again carpeted the ground, birds ana
deer are coming back, and hundreds ~
persons, especially from the immediate
netghborhood, come each summer n en-
Joy the privilege of camping. some A.
least OF the forest reserves should AFFORD
perpetual protection to the native fauna
ana nora, safe Ravens of refuge 10 onr
rapidly diminishing wild animals Of tho
larger kinds and free camping erounIs
Tor the ever increasing numbers of men
and women who have learned to find rest
health and recreation In the splendid for,
ests and ilower-Clad meadows of orr
maintains
Reporter and farmer. [volume] (Webster, Day County, Dakota [S.D.]) 188?-1946, 1901-12-05
MONROE DOCTRINE.
1t Is Not Intended as Hostile to
European Nations.

1t Is Not tende as Hostile to
EurOpea Nations.
THE Monroe doctrine" says the presi-
dent, should be the cardinal feature or
the foreign policy of all the nations OF
the two Americas as 1t is of the United
States. . The Monroe doctrine Is
a declaration that there must be no ter
ritorial ACKNOWLEDGEMENT by n non
American power at the expense OF any
American power on American soil. 1t Ia
In nowise intended as hostile TO any ma
ton in the Old World. Still less Is ii in
ended to give cover to any aggression by
one New World power at the expense
Of any other"
The work of u%pbuilding the navy"
says the president. must be steadily
continued. No one point OF our policy,
foreign or domestic, is more important
than this 70 the honor and material wei
fare and, above all, to the peace of our
ration in the future. Whether we de-
sire II or not we must henceforth recog-
nize that we have International duties no
less than international rights. There
should be no cessation in the work OF
completing the navy"
The president concludes this portion OF
his message by pointing out the require
ments of the service and urging upon
congress to give the matter early con-
Bideration.
branch of the service considerable atten-
ton. Nc Increase in the army beyond it's
present size Is needed at this time.
Various matters of Importance to the
army are considered at length and con-
gress is invited to give it's attention to
recommendations for improvements in the
service.
Reporter and farmer. [volume] (Webster, Day County, Dakota [S.D.]) 188?-1946, 1901-12-05

No competent observer sincerely desir-
Gus Of finding out the facts and influenced
only by a desire for the welfare of the
natives can asser. that we have not
gone far enough. We a v gone to the
very verge Of safety in Fastening the
process. To have taken a single step
farther or faster in advance would have
been folly and weakness and might well
have been crime. We are EXTREMITY anE-
ious that the natives shall show the
power Of governing themselves. We are
anxious first for their sakes and next
because IT relieves us of a great burden.
There need not be the slightest fear of
our not continuing to give c all the
liberty for which they are fit.
The only fear Is lest in our over anx-
iety we give them a degree OF indepen-
denCe for which they are unfit, thereby
inviting reaction and disaster. AS fast
as there is any reasonable hope that in
a given district the people can govern
themselves self-government has been
given in hat district. There is not a To-
cality fitted for self-government which
has not received it. But 1t may well
be that certain cases it will a to
be withdrawn because the inhabitants
show themselves unfit to exercise 1t. Such
instances have already occurred. In 9TH
er words, there is not the slightest chance
of our failing to show a sufficiently nu-
manitarian spirit. The danger comes in
tho nnrNnufta Ikrnn4tn,
Reporter and farmer. [volume] (Webster, Day County, Dakota [S.D.]) 188?-1946, 1901-12-05

1t must continue TO a greater or less
degree as long as tribes are herded on
reservations and have everything in COM
mon. The Indian should be treated as an
Individual, like the white man. During
the change Of treatment inevitable hard
ships will occur. Every effort should be-
made to minimize these hardships. but we
should not because of them hesitate to
make the change. There should be a con-
tinuous reduction in the number of agen-
cies.
In dealing with the aboriginal races few
things are more important than to pre-
serve them from the terrible physical and
moral degradation resulting from the liq-
uor traffic. We are doing all we can to
save our own Indian tribes from this evil.
Wherever by international agreement this
same end can be attained as regards races
where we do not possess exclusive control
every effort should be made to bring IL
about.
The president recommends that the CEN
sus office be made a permanent govern
ment bureau. -
The remarkable growth OF the postal
service is pointed out, and attention Is
called to the benefits derived from the
rural free delivery.
Reporter and farmer. [volume] (Webster, Day County, Dakota [S.D.]) 188?-1946, 1901-12-05

Inc LoFesLS are natural reservoirs, By
restraining the streams in flood and re-
p~lenishing them in drouth they make pos
sible the use of waters otherwise wasted
They prevent the soil from washing and
so protect the storage reservoirs from
filling up with silt. Forest conservation
Is therefore an essential condition Of
water conservation.
The forests alone cannot, however fully
regulate and conserve the waters of the
arid region. Great storage works are nee
essary to equalize the flow Of streams and
10 save the food waters. Their Construc-
ton has been conclusively shown 70 he
an undertaking too vast for private eff
fort. Nor can 1t be best accomplished by
the individual states acting alone. Far
reaching interstate problems are involved
and the resources of single states would
Reporter and farmer. [volume] (Webster, Day County, Dakota [S.D.]) 188?-1946, 1901-12-05
MClAlM ARID LANDS.
actmen. recommends the En-
n .,e"t OF Irrigation Yoxy

setmaaent Recommends the EN-
u ws.e of Irrigation Laws.
kryes s',,, administration of the forest
ss VIII VIII De not less helpful to the in
n sh,aS depend on water than to
! pstas depend on wood and grass
~ Il supply itself depends npon the
sbl,s me arid region it is water NOT
Btn bsn, measures production. The
kan ii or the United States wonld
! saal popuiation greater than ,hat of
now oountry to-day Il the waters
tOr run TO waste were saved and
fasrl, arsation. The forest and water
bal pss sre perhaps the most vital n.
wab !, of the United states.
u mau The forest reserves sbould
ftures sue preserves for the wild forest
r ~, All Of the reserves should he
spec,a, from fires. Many of them
n Inipr. protection because OF the
ltesn' Done by live stock. above ali
N ann increase in deer, Elk and
en whasis IN the Yellowstone pax
may be expected when other
Reporter and farmer. [volume] (Webster, Day County, Dakota [S.D.]) 188?-1946, 1901-12-05

We hope to make our duLllhiSlta tio W
the islands honorable to our nation by
making il of the highest benert TO the
Filiuinos themselves, and as an earnest OF
what we intend to do we point to what
we have done. Already a greater meas
IRE of material prosperity and or gov
ernmentaI honesty n efficiency has been
attained in the Philippines than ever be-
fore i'm their history.
II is no light task for a nation to
achieve the temperamental qualities with
ont which the institutions of free govern
ment are but empty mockery. Our peo-
nIe are now successfully governing them
aeIves because for more than a thousand
years they have been slowly hitting them
solves. sometimes consciously, sometimes
urconsciously, toward this end. What
has taken up thirty generations TO achleve
We cannot expect to see another race ac-
cnmplIsh out of hand, especially when
Iarge portions of that race start very FAR
behind the point which our ancestors had
reached even thirty generations ago. In
dealing with the Philippine. people We
must show both patience and strength
"a, hearance and steadfast resolution. Our
oinn is high. We do not desire TO do Tor
Che islanders merely what has elsewhere
heep dome for tropic peoples by even the
-. forsiop governments
Reporter and farmer. [volume] (Webster, Day County, Dakota [S.D.]) 188?-1946, 1901-12-05
ACROSS THE lSTHMUS.
Construction of the Canal lis Urgent
" Recommended.

No single great material work which re-
mains to be undertaken on this continent
is of such consequence TO the American
peopla. as the building of a canal across
the isthmu connecting North and South
America. It's Importance to the nation is
by no means limited merely to its mate
rial effects upon our business prosperity,
and vet with a view to these effects alone
1t would be TO the last degree important
for US Immediately to begin II. While it's
beneficial effects would perhaps be most
marked upon the Pacific coast and the
gulf and South Atlantic states, IL would
also greatly benefit other sections, 1t Is
emphatically a work which II is for the
interest of the entire country to begin and
complete as soon as possible; Ii Is one OF
those great works which only a great ma
ton can undertake with prospects OF sue
cess. and which when lone are not only
permanent assets in the nations material
interests, but standing to its
constructive ability.
am glad TO be able TO %nn0unce q
a TO you that our negotiations on this q
o subject with Great Britain, con- D
o Quoted on both sides in a spirit OF o
a ~friendliness and mutual good will q
a and respect, have resulted in my be- a
a ing able 10 lay before the senate a q
q treaty which. IL ratified, will enable D
Reporter and farmer. [volume] (Webster, Day County, Dakota [S.D.]) 188?-1946, 1901-12-05
COMMERCE.
proyIsions OF the fres-
the Iio-.1 He Changed.

~.oxIsiCns OF she ENST
the ronIa lie Changed.
Law $40 was enacted for the
. Interstate railways com
b o. the interstate commerce
posl Z provisions Of that act
carunsai rates should be just
rall and that all shippers To-
snspt usommodities should be &C
ara Cersatment. A commission
adai ordowed with what were
Gea S ~ the necessary powers 10
y nroyisions of this act.
Y mos largely an experiment.
wv shown the wisdom of It's
pee ~ no. has also shown possibly
~ t,s requirements are wrong
kne 2. the means devised for the
~ its provisions are defec-
saa Who complain of the manage
81 railways allege that estao
~ are not maintained, that re-
|plss ,Ior devices are habitually
y ,hat these preferences are
s,yor of the large shipper; that
M of business the snailer
", that while many rates are TOO
o,hers are excessive and that
y .sances are made affecting both
srs commodities. Upon the 9TH
4 mo railways assert that the law
~ terms tends to produce many
!, Tagal practices by depriving car
! RAT right of concerted action
,.sy claim Is necessary to estab-
rsntain nondiscriminating rates.
I, should be amended. The rail-
!. nphlic servant. Its rates should
- and open to all shippers alike.
.rsrnment should see to 1t that
~ jurisdiction this is 50 aud
sroyIde a speedy, inexpensive and
! remedy TO that end. At the same
must not be forgotten that our
|. are the arteries through which
g~mercial likelihood of this nation
could be pore foolish than
etusnt of legislation which would
Ssrtly interfere with the develop
operation Of these commercial
/ The subject is one of great inn
! and calls for the earnest atten-
the congress.
Reporter and farmer. [volume] (Webster, Day County, Dakota [S.D.]) 188?-1946, 1901-12-05

dignity OF the nation abroad combine to
make II essential that our consuls should
be men of character, knowledge and en-
terprise. 1t is true that the service Is now
I'm the main efficient, but a standard OF
excellence cannot be permanently main
tanned Until the principles set forth i'm
the bills heretofore submitted to the
congress on this subject are enacted into
law.
Reporter and farmer. [volume] (Webster, Day County, Dakota [S.D.]) 188?-1946, 1901-12-05
Y NIraOTuIndrIIy IhVuTtu. y
GALL THE WORLD AKIN"
Expressions of SORROW Over tn
Denfhs of Great and Good.


Deaths of Great and Good.
The death of Queen Victoria caused tss
people of the United States deep and
heartfelt sorrow, to which the govern
ment gave full expression. When Presi-
dent Mckinley died. our nation In turn
received from every quarter of the Brit
ish empire expressions OF grief and sym
patty no less sincere. The death OF the
Empress Dowager Frederick of Germany
also aroused the genuine sympathy OF the
American people. and this sympathy was
cordially reciprocated by Germany when
the president was assassinated. Indeed
from every quarter OF the civilized world
we received. at the time OF the presidents
death, assurances OF such grief and re-
gard as TO touch the hearts of our people
In the midst OF our afiliction we reverent-
~ thank the Almighty that we are at
peace with the nations of mankind, and
we firmly intend that our policy shall be
such as to continue unbroken these inter
national relations of mutual respect and
good will. Theodore Roosevelt.
White House. Dec. 3. 1901.
Reporter and farmer. [volume] (Webster, Day County, Dakota [S.D.]) 188?-1946, 1901-12-05

The interest shown by so many com
mercial bodies throughout the country
i'm the reorganization of the service Is
heartily commended to your attention.
Several bills providing for a new consular
service have in recent years been sub
mitted 70 the congress. They are based
upon the just principle that appointments
to the service should be made only after
a practical test OF the applicants fitness;
that promotions should be governed by
trustworthiness, adaptability and zeal In
the performance OF duty, and that the
tenure OF office should be UNAFFECTED by
partisan considerations.
The guardianship and fostering Of our
rapidly expanding foreign commerce. the
protection OF American citizens resorting
to foreign countries in awful pursuit of
their affairs and the maintenance OF the
Reporter and farmer. [volume] (Webster, Day County, Dakota [S.D.]) 188?-1946, 1901-12-05

wa me Doctrine Of private OWNERSHIP q,
WITH. @part from land cannot prevsi
rssn~ causing enduring wrong The
hssn ni.,on OF such ownership, which has
ss'mittsd to grow up in the arid
ii aS should give way to a more an
r,.ht. ana larger recognition OF the
dSsn1s tne public In the control and
80. OF the public water supplies
In h touhued upon conditions obtaining
regions, where water is too
proper application in A dry co,rtry IN
IN the arid states the onlv rigbt "a
WAFER which should be recognized "a
elat or use. In irrigation this right
shouid attach to tho land reclaimed and
be insenarahIn thnrnfnn- anu
Reporter and farmer. [volume] (Webster, Day County, Dakota [S.D.]) 188?-1946, 1901-12-05
-FOUR attention to the
- 49, f-an

recor1rin.,on TO the need OF
/ rational whatever il actu-
b provia nrr well being should
4 douOly ! each Of us husbands
s~urces q By scrupuloas avoid
4 nytbins nniy by avoidance OF
tpiiturs. an What is needless or
" \ sl point nj required to meet our
- genuine. ,
Reporter and farmer. [volume] (Webster, Day County, Dakota [S.D.]) 188?-1946, 1901-12-05

We are not at the starting point Ti tm,s
develonment. Over two hundred millions
80 nr,vate" capital has already been ex-
PENDED in the construction of irrigation
works and many million acres OF ara
land reclaimed. A high degree o !. tho
nrIse and ability has been shown IN ths
work itself, but as much cannot De satu
in reference to the laws relating S snePes
to. The security and value OF tnS s,ittv n
t,tIs NET 70 water, but the majority Of these
rest on the uncertain foundat, rN s od e@u at
decisions rendered in rdina sui
law. With a few creditahle exceptlonSs,
IA" arid states have failed to provide
for the certain and lust; Just division hsS and I'd
uncertain laws have made Il poss n
es.sh,ish rights to water in excess
Of actual uses Or necessities, n and rr %ans
streams have already passed mo nwr.
ownership or a control equivalent 70
ership. - ractJcauy
controls the land 1t renders pro"u
Reporter and farmer. [volume] (Webster, Day County, Dakota [S.D.]) 188?-1946, 1901-12-05
TRADE WITH CHINA.
"open Door" Idea Is Considered an
Admirable One.

"open Door, Idea Is Considered am
Admirable One.
Owing to the rapid growth OF our power
and our interests on the Pacific, whatever
happens In China must be OF the keenest
national concern to US.
The general terms of the settlement of
the questions growing out of the anti-for-
eign uprisings in China Of 1900, having
been formulated in a joint note addressed
to China by the representatives OF the In
jured powers in December last, were
promptly accepted by therC Chinese govern
ment. After protracted conferences the
plenipotentiaries OF the several powers
were abie to sign a final protocol with the
Chinese plenipotentiaries on the, 7th OF
last September. setting forth the meas
ures taken by China in compliance with
the demands of the joint note and ex-
pressing their satisfaction Herewith. II
will be laid before the congress-. with a re-
port OF the plenipotentiary on behalf OF
the United States, Mr.. William woodville
Rockhill, to whom high praise is due for
the tact. good judgment and energy he
has displayed in performing an exception
ally difficult n delicate task.
The agreement reached dispcses In
q a manner satisfactory to the powers q
q OF the various grounds of complaint d
y and viii contribute materially to o
- DelleT IuluES TtlhtlOHS UckWScu SuI-t~
o ma and the powers. q
Reparation has been made by China for
the murder of foreigners during the up
rising, and punishment has been inflicted
on the officials, however high in rank.
recognized as responsible for or having
participated in the outbreak. Official ex-
aminations have been forbidden for a pc
Rod of five years in all cities in which
foreigners have been murdered or cruelty
treated, and edicts have been issued max
ing all officials directly responsible for the
future safety of foreigners and for the
suppression of violence against them.
90
q We advocate the "open DOOR with y
q all that Il implies; not merely the y
q procurement OF enlarged commercial
q opportunities on the coasts, but ac- q
q cess to the interior by the water D
q ways with which China has been so y
o extraordinarily favored. o
Only by bringing the people of China
into peaceful and friendly community OF
trade with all the peoples of the earth
can the work now auspiciously begun be
carried TO fruition. In the attainment OF
this purpose we necessarily claim parity
of treatment under the conventions
throughout the empire for our trade and
our citizens with those of all other pow
pra ~
Reporter and farmer. [volume] (Webster, Day County, Dakota [S.D.]) 188?-1946, 1901-12-05

The increased demand for manufactured
articles will stimulate industrial produc-
ton, while wider home markets and the
trade of Asia will consume the larger
food supplies and ~effectually prevent
Western competition with Eastern agri-
culture. Indeed the products of irriga-
ticn win be consumed chiefly in upbulld-
ing local centers of mining and other in
dustries which would otherwise not come
into existence at all. Our people as q
whole will profit, for successful home
making is but another name for the up
building OF the nation.
The necessary foundation has already
been laid for the inauguration OF the poll
CIV lust described. 1t would be unwise 10
begin by doing too much, for a great deal
will doubtless be learned, both as TO what
can and what cannot be safely attempted,
by the early efforts, which must of neces-
sity be partly experimental in character
At the very beginning the government
should make clear, beyond shadow OF
doubt. it's intention to pursue this policy
on lines of the BROADCAST public interest,".
No reservoir or canal should ever be DuhI
10 satlsfy selfish personal or local inter-
ests. but only in accordance with the ad-
vice Of trained experts after long investt-
CATION has shown the locality where all
the conditions combine to make the "olh
most needed and fraught with the great
est usefulness to the community d. "
whole. There should be no eNtraVasdnoe
and the believers In the need Oh HFlsa-
tion win most benefit their cause py see.
ing TO II that il is free from the ieast
faint Of excessive or reckless expenditure
Reporter and farmer. [volume] (Webster, Day County, Dakota [S.D.]) 188?-1946, 1901-12-05

History may safely De chanenseo 10
.hav a single instance in which a mas
ierfuI race such as ours having peer
forced hy the exigencies Of wal 20 taSs
rs ,sssIon OF an alien land, has behavea
- IFS inhabitants with the disinterestsa
zeal for their progress that = Psopte
have shown in the Phiippihss' 49,
the islands at this time wullu ~
they would fall INTO a Weit'f
Reporter and farmer. [volume] (Webster, Day County, Dakota [S.D.]) 188?-1946, 1901-12-05

The storing OF the floods in reservoirs
at the head waters of our rivers Is but
an enlargement of our present policy OF
river control under which levees are
built on the lower reaches Of the same
streams.
The government should construct and
maintain these reservoirs as 1t does other
public works. Where their purpose is to
regulate the flow Of the streams the water
should be turned freely into the channels
In the dry season to take the same course
under the same laws as the natural flow.
The reclamation of the unsettled arid
public lands presents a different problem.
Here ii Is not enough to regulate the flow
Of streams. The object OF the government
is to dispose OF the land to settlers who
will build homes upon 1t. TO accomplish
this object water must be brought within
their reach.
The pioneer settlers on the arid public
domain chose their homes along streams
from which they could themselves divert
the water to reclaim their holdings. Such
or pO]rtunitics are practically gone. There
remain, however. vast areas Of public
land which can be made available for
homestead settlement, but only by reser-
voirs and main line annals impracticable
-.