, 1901-07-25
VACCINATION FOR
BITE

Some scientific experiments that are
now being made regarding the POSSIBLE
ity of immuning animals II human
beings from the toxic effects of snake
bites. particularly that of the Ameri-
can rattlesnake, are of the greatest in
terest to those states and sections
where such dangers prevail. This Is
true in Colorado in some sections.
The bites of ratt1esnakes not only deci-
mate the herds of cattle and horses but
are n standing II to life. Some
of the experiments are being made by
the government II some by private Ill
%dividuals. A report on some of the eX-
periments will be made at the coming
convention of the American Association
for the Advancement of Science in this
city and the question will be freely dis
cussed. as the topic is one that admits
of n number of views. In general 1t Is
however admitted that horses can be
immuned from the bite and poison or
a rattlesnake and thus is deduced the
theory that a man can likewise. AS yet
no one has volunteered to be the horri-
pie example. but scientists are patient
and long enduring.
One great difficulty has stood in the
way Of experiments of immuning
horses from the venom of the rattle
snake. When the famous Calmette
made his experiments ON vcnomous
serpents the American rattlesnake was
not on his list. Had he used one of
these snakes he would have had n Sc
rious check from the start. In inject
ing the venom of n rattlesnake into the
veins of a horse 1t was found that the
greatest degree of local irritation fol-
lowed, which counteracted any good
that the experiment would disclose.
Tho vpnritsaantn II. t1nn tffnI 1nnfinNe
the venom. AT 30 degrees Calmetti
found that all Of the irritating eff ect of
the venom OF n cobra was lost. The
same heating by the American expert
mentors of the venom OF n rattlesnake
disclosed the fact that it then lost all
its toxic properties. 1t was found nee
essary to inject the dried venom in its
normally active condition. The injec-
tons We're given simultaneously and
We're followed by enormous edemata.
necroses and sloughs, so that after de-
termining hat no immunity to the
local action developed this method tTas
abandoned and the intravenous used.
II has been shown that after this
method .he interior of the vessels
showed M signs of injury, because the
well-diluted venom met with greater
dilution in the circulating blood. No
local or other Initiative disturbances
followed the i~ntravenous injection, but
the nervous impression was profound;
the horse often fell and remained I'M
conscious for several minutes. Two of
the three horses died before antivenine
developed from the damage to the It's
sues as n result of the irritation pro-
duced by the subcutaneous injection.
Antivenine was obtained from the
third animal. 1t met death. however.
from an accidental entrance OF the
venom injection into the jugular vein.
The antivenine obtained was injected
into n rabbit. two centimeters. and it
protected the animal against n full
dose of the rattlesnake venom. From
this is deduced the theory that people
can be immuned from snake-bite poi
son, but the practical method Of OBJ
tanning the a%ntivenine with a surety.
and the absence of practical expert
ments on n human being leaves the
matter in the ranks of theory.