davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1901-01-13
LIVE STOCK MARKET.

New-YOrk. January II. 1901
BEEVES-Receipts l5 266 head. al for
slaughterers Nothing doing. Feeling steady. Dressed
beef in demand a 6&QSlec III for common
to choice native Gables shipments lncud
ed 2D cattle Buffalo Hull 1874 cattle and 800
OF the MenOminee TO London; 23S4
of beef (estimatedl in the Serya Liverpool.
CALVES-Recelpts were 9S head. all for the market.
wer Common choice veals sod at
50 25d$S per 10. barnyard and mixed calves at
50 25d 50 So dressed veas quiet SQ Ql2isc n
Td1Olac; little calves 5qIc
per 10: barnyard calves 36O H. 81 sd; ii do
S97 10, at 81 30.
Tobin a shannon ~ Indiana veals 122 10. 81 go;
IL Indiana calves. 2s9 u, at 50 % -
head Including 9 butchers IL the
ke equally divided between the yards Sheep in
light fairly steady; lambs were SLOW selling
steady 10 lOc and the market closed dull with .
nor loo M few wetheTs 81 rs; Culls So: medium
~ prme lambs 75G$6 40; Canadian lambs at S6 10
Dressed mutton slow at 6sGsc per 10; dressed lambs
weak SQ1Oc-
I'D Pennsylvania do. Is 10. at 50; 10
stare sheen (wethersD m 81 80 % 80 10
3 PennsyIvanIa do. 96 10. at So 10
McPherson & Co: 224 Buffalo lambs T3 n. az So %:
90 do 60 10 at S5 lis Ohio do. 50 10. at SO -
D. harrington 2O5 Western lambs. 81 10. at 50 80; $50
do "a NJ al %; IFS Canada do, So rb SO 10; ~
Western sheep 95 III. at "a 80
j. III. s Bro: 90 State lambs. Il 10. at Sc l21e
Harrington & Co: Buffalo lambs. 66 10. So 12ls
234 90. GO N. at s. 50
Tobin shannon 49, Indiana sheep, lO2 fo at 81 so
10 Indiana culs 10 10. at So.
HOGS-Receipts were 2Sl II 4.4il head all for
saughterers with the exception of half carload. Feel
and sellers thought that hogs would sell lower
No sales reported Country dressed slos.
New-York tribune., 1901-01-13
EXPORTS TO-DAY.
GENERAL MARKET REPORT.

New York. January II 1901.
CoFFEE-Iitue Of interest transpred the Coffee
Exchange during
restricted almost entirely the
chiefly the Strengthening accounts customary
saturday half holiday. Fluctuations confined
mere points On the first call the feeling steady,
WIN prices on 10 10 points weakness in
HaVre. Hamburg Rio Heavier receipts in the crop
country were given the the declines the
Iore!gn markets. and to the ham
pered the bull cause here. Sluggish demand for
coIlte ana the continued speculative trade
Factors which tended weigh down
toward the close covering became fairly aud
prices up points. The market n
tone with prices net unchanged points
sales reached only 52d bugs distributed between nine
options The spot market neglected all day. ana at
the close values quite nominal.
quotations were about the basis 7isc
lots or No Rio. Offerings Inclined be generous
with sellers disposed TO grant concessions.
The range Of contract prices day
was fllloWs:
New-York tribune., 1901-01-13
EUROPEAN PRODUCE MARKET

Liverpool jan -Closng-wheat-spot strong. N
California, 6s Cd No 2 red Western winter Re N a.
No Northern spring 6s 44d; futures quiet March
new Be 11Ad: American mixed old, IS Ia futures nom
inal: January. 3s Id March 3s l0d May 9d Peas
quiet, 5s esd Flour-St fancy winter
steady SIS Sd Hops a London-Pacifc Coast steaSv
Prime Western dull 6ss. Hams-short cut, IA 10
46s. Lard firm; American IN pals
39s Sd: prime Western in terces. 37s Cd Bacon firm
Cumberland cut 20 80 10 firm 45s short 10 10 "a
rb clear uddes, light, 2S
short 1e to 20 No. 4os Sd; long mddes
heavy 35 Ais Cd; bellies Ii NJ ass
shouders-square II 70 1s 70. firm. s4s Cd. Butter
United States zoos; good United States
Cd steady; American white,
ican finest eoIored. o3s. Tsllow steady prime city
o5s Cd. Australian in London 27s Sd. Cottonseed OIL
Hull refined, spot steady. 2ls Cd. Turpentne-sprts
frrn Rosin-Common steady, Is Cd Linseed
oil steady sls Sd. Petroleum-Rehned quiet. I'd.
New-York tribune., 1901-01-13

Exchange special Liverpool cables-Spot cotton
American. 1000; receipts. 5000: American. 5000 mid
cling upland, 17-32d: futures opened barely steady.
decline closed quiet, unchanged 1-6Id higher
January. 527s; January February, 5.25b: February
March 5.22b March-April. 520v: ApTil-May. 51Tlsb:
MayJune. 51olss; JuneJuly 5l8b: July August 8 lob;
August-September 4.60a4. 81; September | 4.60N
October K o c. 443v: October November, 1 32v
FLOUR AND MEAII-Saturday's trade in flour
a scale and mostly choice brands the close
showing continued weakness of undertone with prices
nominal Spring patents quoted 81 lO1SI 80;
winter straights s. t5Gs3 co. winter patents 81 Io$4
s3QS3 35 No winter, So T0qs2 90.
extra No winter 50 5OaS2 CO: grade SIS 60Gsi9
spot Buckwheat -four So i0QS2 90
RYE FLOUR-Dull: Quoted: Fair good. 81 s0GS3 l5;
choice to fancy. 50 1908 60. .coRNMEA Isteady;
MEAI--ouiet Quoted; Fine white and yellow. slqS1 O5;
FEF1D-Steady. Quoted: Spring
spot $40 75aS17 sacks. TO arrive 200 rb S1TQS7 so;
spring BRAN bulk Sl6 254S16 so: winter bran
SleGSlS SIC 504S17; corumea SOS; lnseed
oil cake. s27 IS; oil cake s1s hominy chop sl7;
oImeaI S2s %.
GRAIN-wHEAT-The wheat market Saturday
showed best undertone the curb between II and
New-York tribune., 1901-01-13

COTTOE-Ths market to-day quite in keeping With
the OF things all the last week. business
and q settlement character. while hu' tna
lions confined 20 a bcgEarly points AZ n" time
shorts strive gain the eupreHaCN. ana AZ
trade active degree worthy Of the name
Everybody hedging and sparrng for time and Tor
further knowledge OF the subject The market
steady. with prices unchanged 20 points higher
and closed quiet with prices UNCHANGED 70 points hgh+
leaving wavering prospective Investors much IN
dark The English cables We're sisnal' better
expected; the movement at the ports ana IN
terror towns did reach the figures named In early
the Southern markets again described
decidedly demand from Northern mills and
exporter indications favored decrease IN the
next week. while the fear Of II January squeeze was
led point Of stability all the morning The frequent
ups and the market during the last week were
believed considerably reduced the long Interest
Of a weak nature have legSened The obligations OF
the shorts Europe bought the FAR months the local
Exchange South sold the crop positions
holdings ~ cotton: local parties were
conservative purchasers March and MAJ, the Idea
that a bull movement might develop next week should
receipts prove anything like small estimated
regular crop estimate OF =. I. Wilson n Co was
o a feature to-day though Il came out too
late 10 have any direct bearing the market or on
sentiment general expectation that this hrIn
would close those Issued by the Govern
ment sQ0 600 bales and when l02633Tl bales were
from extensive correspondence through
out belt. small stir created In this CONNECTION
be Interesting to give the estimates OF Messfs
Co.. together with the average or estimates "t
NewYo Cotton Exchange members and the actual crop
figures for the last ten years;
New-York tribune., 1901-01-13

MOI.AssES AND SYRUPs-Adyices from M New s sai
Inns r.pnrfaI steady there with orIers Oh Ia
yomc locally The gndeTone was quite s nr ant az and
sao,a6le chnnge G92tatons follow soo5
leans centrifugal common I2g 1 iaT e Kettle 27s
4oS Porto RICO 2Ia'oc; syFuPs common lS91SSi TAI"
'@tEAA FkEIGGITs In the market for SAN tonnage
wise inmGrr 'Tsdf ATnEn sesdl steamers were in de
nsn f the various trades several fixtures were re
ported reduced rates Grain rates hSSeyer S %eTe
0ayn sfsd GLASGOW si bristol 3td: I~h. ssd;
au a. r ~ RosfSm s,asS Amserdam Cd
British steamer I45 JVo cases petroleum. hence 70
Shanghai s February 49, austrian steamer pTis
steamer IoOo grain Baltimors to Cork tor oryTr y
sin,s to Rotterdam Sd option general
gsnsTl arg Guif 70 tinted kingdom continent
iSs Februay British COS IONS @ West est India
timber Gulf Genoa, private terms schooner 2 lS2'
north oi iIaiteas loqlc; bark SO tons salt
] I51 '' To- New YORK So IS; schooner SO
tons dry cypress Petersburg New York So scheon
sehooner one ' sa3 tons mSrT St slmon- to Norwich
YoTS i5e sehoonor 4Si tons mS6sr Jacksonville
y gos6h s. & & scne US toms e savannah
PhiladeIpha private terms. goal out private terms
s. .S bag sDauo out TO Wilmington G 81 5o
@ oa aa @ ss ,ans Soa Por,
Ga to S hafn private terms schooner
425 tons Pins Norfolk to sncs Pryae seT @
British schooner 1872 tons coal Port Johnston to st John
y b. 81 -.
bid for January February little disposition
10 DO business at any pfe. pet[9emm & %as SnG'Nsd en- &
IN bulk. s. Philadelphia bbls. s. 05. and in bulk
prime crude bbis Doc nominal: prime summer yellow
3oa3Oec on summer yellow 2oisc; prime white $40
Western inseel quoted PC city brands; oil
Gsa6Ic
what easier sc decline in yard prices and
arrivals 900 head; Kansas city: 100 head
Firm: quoted sls 25qsi4 co. family 81. 90
%adi. %S m! eaor s. aa s o2 s
$40 90 India S,a ,6gss msss BEEE aAn
quoted SE SS n 0 Ge NJ .teaer & pS quote: &
smoking. sscs 10 H. SCI IL ~ 7ae: "a n I'VE PIced
shoulders dull; quoted. 5%g6c Picked hams steady;
SaG1f4; So%nay quoted s. es City
ea r H%1Fca 81 g. 2a Ts97 & kegs S
sH ge city oaots So wgisn nsSsG G
city lard stearine. SGShc.
RICE-The ruled quiet. but was firmly
closing the ' market stead at fully mSntaned prices
Quotations follow: Domestic common to low iaiT 5t>q
head. 5ia@6iac: Patna 49sa3ttc; Japan 4AgSc Java.
4h@4Ac; Rangoon in bond, 2G2isc.
SUGAR-A quiet and uninterestIng market again
tone was quite Grm and list prices We're the lowest
cut loaf crushed and domin9s q Ioc mould A. sasc
powdered and fruit powdered G7Oc: Eagle Sonfectoners
sranulated SOC Eagle coarse granuated and extra fine
bags OF fine sranuated 575c: Eagle fine granuiated
aGad a T @ ana d and A % % 5
No . 5lOc No Q 5.O5c: No I, 1850: No s. 4.s5c: No
Nos H. Is al and S 4G0c Gable advicss this % morSns r re-
% quiet ana % ne haTa eas 6S ST es sugar gar
loss both deliveries to 9s 3d and os +sd respectively
position and there ready buyers cane sugar at
4sc but as usual on saturday very little business was
for centrifugal asc for muscovado and Sc for molasses
New-York tribune., 1901-01-13
SOUTHERN COTTON MARKETS

Galveston Jan. i2-COtton quiet rniddlng a5sc. ,oy
bales: sales. le0; stock, 1s6.357. ' '
BaltimSe Jan l2-Cotton nominal: middIlng IO1S C:
low midSlng sll-16c; good ordinary. 8 I-iGS; stock
Memphis Jan. 12.-Cotton steady; middlne es.c. Iow
mddng 9Sc good ordinary. S7sc: net receipts' 90
bales: gross, lsS9 shipments 1900 $50 stock
l55. .93s. ' oN'
Savannah Jan. l2-Cotton quiet; mddlino aILc. lou,
mddng &c: receipts, 2s6 bales; exports cosstwise 20
sales. 200; stock. llss2l ' WV
New-Orleans. Jan l2.-Cotton steady: middling aE =.
low middling. 91c; good ordinary sac: receipts 5
bales exports 10 Great Britain 900 France 100 10
the Continent, 1900 coaswse. 2llG: sales 2O stool
3s4 -'-'o' 7'0ek'
New-York tribune., 1901-01-13
OTHER MARKETs-BY TELEGRAPH.

Chicago. Jan. 12-Cattle-Receipts. 200 head nomi-
nally steady: good 20 prime steers. s. 3OqS6
medium So 6OGS5 stOckers and feeders steady
50 s5Qsi 40; 81 65Gs4 6 heifers 81 5Gsi 40
fed 81 l0qs4 s. Texas grass steers So $50
s4; Texas bulls 81 oogS3 90 Hogs-Receipts to-day
5000 head average iOc lower; closing top
Tixed and butchers 05GS5 IS: good choice heavy
S5 l5as5 IS; rough neaxy S59s5 TO- light s. oSgs5 so
drm lambs weak good TO choice wethers. IS s5@S4
fair to choice mixed s3 5oQs3 So Western sheep So s5a
a. Ia Texas sheep 81 5oQS5 65 native lambs S5QS5 80
Receipts shipments FOR week ending today and last
week Receips-Cattle 500 head: hogs. 2tT0Oo head
sheep head Shipmentscattle. 1890 head hogs.
i'S; Syncnnau Jan Ia-Hogs active s4GS5 80. Cattle
steady 50 25as4 Sheep steady. 81 50qS4 Is Lambs
steady, So 75Q$5 So
East Liberty. jan l2-Cattle steady; extra; s. 500
and lower all grades IS 30Gs5 40; roughs. So 5oQs5.
sheep steady choice wethsrs 81 35Gs4 so: 81 30
New-York tribune., 1901-01-13

es oeocs when May wheat sold up to s24c closing at
@ vas without any important feature kept within
LoW range OF prices having a of
HIueItohe owing 10 prospects for
on Monday fairly large Northwest receipts
70 93i cars, against 36I last
~ 1+Hted IN English markets At the same time
ooseTSers OF the market inclined TO believe
o1iSIuerabe buying had taken place
export business before negotiations had been con
oIlued' Ihe only business I'D to
amounted TO loads at the ssaboard Broom
nal sald that worlds shipments would be the
r'eisHborhood OF S.Oeo,OOO bush week which
I-uupe would take 100000 bush moderate increase
"as eNprcted IN the quantity but i'm
~ am chanse IN the visible supply figures
we oner Northwest stocks 42T.0OO bush for
ID points lower and weak At the close No red was
qcuOted at SlS4c b afoat, No Northern Duluth
oo'zc and No hard Duluth siic. all b affoat.
CottN- Throughout the regular session the corn
IndIhTt was dull, with fluctuations narrow and the
tendency somewhat downward in sympathy with wheat
Iu "wlng to clear cold weather in the belt. cacu
Iacu 10 Improve the condition Of saturdays
GptS at Chicago 45I and contained
The English markets closed 1sGkd lower. On the
curb responding to the strength in wheat the market
improved little closed 4i1sc for May at o'clock
lhe export business amOunted to IA loads. No corn
closed at 46sc elevator and 4TC ahoat OATS
The market for neglected and without feature
81 llec; No g. 3Dl&c; No white 32i4 G33c; No white.
32c: track mixed 30d32c; track white 81 y case; No
white clips, 33q2314 c. .RYE-Market steady No
Western. 59c, and No Western. 5Ssc. both afoat:
State rye. 53G54c New-York. Carots- BARLEY
Market dull Feeding. 4SdJ0c Buffalo, and malt
ing. GOG65c New York. Bt'CKWHEAT-M Market
dull; quoted at 60GG2c C 1 New-York.
New-York tribune., 1901-01-13

Spot cotton closed dull with quotations unchanged on
the basis OF 1OAc middlIng upland and lose for
middling Gulf Southern spot markets were elesTnpned
as follows. Mobile steady Lice lower at 04c; SaNan-
nah quiet unchanged. 91ec: Charleston quiet un-
changed AZ 9Jzc Wilmington firm unchanged. at 9Fzc
Norfolk quiet unchanged 9sc Baltimore nominal nn
changed al iOMc; Memphis steady unchanged, at 3fsc
Augusta steady. unchanged. at 3 6c tstimated re
1000 To 5000 bales
against "a 759 week ago 900 last year. Hous
ton coo TO 1900 bales against 9i3l last week and
3.254 last year.
nared With the same day last week and last year:
New-York tribune., 1901-01-13

Iivarnool Ian - 1 D. m-Cotton. spot quiet; prices
Lied lower; American middling fair. lS-lod; sood
ordinary 5sd; ordinary 47sd The sales or tns aa
were bales OF which 500 for speculation ana
export and included American Receipts sOo 1aes
including 9000 American Futures opshed anu Sossd
qufet but mddling. N G January.
2T-6.f sellers January and February Ie4d ouyers'
February ana March Sad buyers March and April
value: april and May. u SOS la-o4d 9uysrs'
May and June S I5-64dJ 16-64d sellers June ana JnS
) Cad bvsrs: July nd August 1O-64d buyers; An-
and September 6iG4 81 Std value; SEPTEMBER.
co G464 October. - SD nonfihdis Os
and November 4 nominal.
New-York tribune., 1901-01-13
TUE IoNDoN wool. MARKET.

London January 12-The wool market during the week
steady pending the opening of the auction safes on
January Is. that the last private rates
will prevail the sales advance OF per ee,I
amount 70 62Go0 bales. February u Is the date an
nOunce for closing therst series The arrivals or Wool
FOR the second series OF sales amount TO Die bales Ihee
sales will March II. The imports dnrlng Ine
week were New South Wales Il, "a bales MsoOurns
61sl South Australia iO364; Queensland LIS; soath
australia. l. I22 West Australia 93 NeVZeaand lOf55
Cape OF Good Hope and Nalal Gl2. elseWhere. 90
New-York tribune., 1901-01-13

aiecre and Michele Chroide, both of No. 1ss Hes
bSL.IIsl. Were committed the Tombs without
T yesterday 10 the Centre-st. court In the fight
I ,oIh,ck ick 1oyogere was shot in the right breast
cut in the fight ~ ~
New-York tribune., 1901-01-13
WITHDRAws FROM OPPOSITION TICKET

David A Scribner Informs the members of the
-aaflne Society that. having accepted the nomina-
On for first vice-president OF the society on the
lS9aet presented by the regular Nominating Conn
-ttsee be has requested that his be with
avn from the opposition ticket.
New-York tribune., 1901-01-13
HELD on A CHARGE or HOMICIDE

Snarged with homicide in connection with the
,seoy Following a game of cards last Friday
sn. IN saloon at NO. I3s Mulberry-st Giuseppe
~<Sl OF No. 1l6 Mulberry-st, and Gabriel
New-York tribune., 1901-01-13
NAVAL STORES.

Under liberal offerings the market spirits was easv
and slightly lower to-day. Rosin also lower and
quiet. We quote: 1N
TAR-Regulsrs 81; do oil bbls, 81.
SPIRITS TURPENTINE-39G39jkc
RosIN.comm4n to good strained; $40; E, 81 10: f.
81 S5; W G. 81 s5 w w, So 10. " - 49, ~"
STOCK ON HAND.
-.
Spirits turpentne
l,3DO bbs
Charleston. Jan. 12-Trrpentine- Market firm 30c
Rosn firm, unchanged 49,
Savannah, l2.-sprs turpentine firm aec Pa
cepts 125 bbls sales 3s1 bbls exports 293 bbs Rosin
aTm; a d. 81 70; f. ~ S5: F. 81 40; G. 81 so; H.
w W. 81 %. ~ '" w. - w.
New-York tribune., 1901-01-13
11rrppnoI. CorroN MARKET.

asa 50; choice lambs IS s5ess: to good. "A
s. T5: calves. 81 J0QSs-
New-York tribune., 1901-01-13

Foreign Coffee Markets.-Sant5s- market qulat.
so9d average santos osoo; receipts 1900
l.lSlOOO bags Hamburg-CufTee market 4. pfs
lower; at 2:do unchanged /. pfg lower
sales 1900 bags. Havre-C'offee
uIar. aga franc lower. u III. unchanged. at m
July and Septmber unchanged others Il higher
~ 4:3O p IN. unchanged. total sales Ns OOO
New-York tribune., 1901-01-13

Tri5une's story OF Nineteenth Century.
Ready in pamphlet form in few days 2a cents.
New-York tribune., 1901-01-13

Rio-Cofee market steady: Rio. GsG75. exchange.
bags; stock. 2TS LAgs
The position brazilian follows.
New-York tribune., 1901-01-13
THE STATE OF TRADE.

Chicago. Jan 1.-THE leading futures ranged a. fol
New-York tribune., 1901-01-13

Of hreadstufs at interior points In thousands
last three ciphers O0O omitted flour bbs grain bush
lllVNs
New-York tribune., 1901-01-13

The range prices In the local market to
day foowS
El Paso daily herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1881-1901, 1901-01-18
ROOSEVELT IN COLORADO.
Story of the Keystone Ranch. and the
Splendid Dog Pack of Goff. the
Guide.

John Golf. the guide, has the best
pack of dogs he owns, and that means
the best pack of dogs in the Rocky
mountain region. on the ground. and
in fine fettle for the hunt. The entire
party is in high spirits, the horses in
fine trim. the dogs straining at the
leashes. There is every indication that
the hunt will be successful in every de-
tail, as all the particulars have been
perfectly arranged. 1t is intensely
cold and all the streams are frozen up.
There are more than fourteen inches
of ice on most of them. The snow on
the ground is very light. so that the
conditions are favorable.
Story of the Ranch
The Keystone ranch is owned by Mr..
K. Parsons and A. Hanauer. stockmen
who are residents of Salt Lake City
They purchased the property from Col
onel Price of Meeker about year ago
The ranch property is one of the best
in that section for wintering cattle. 1t
lies about thirty miles northwest of
Meeker. and the adjacent territory is
the habitation of the deer. antelope
and bear. There are many mountain
lions in the section
Governor Roosevelt will be mounted
in trim for him ever since he was sat
isfied that the governor was coming.
and it is one of the best animals that
ever travelled over the range. He
weighs about $50 pounds, is spirited.
but thoroughly trained for hunting and
an excellent traveller. All of the party
El Paso daily herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1881-1901, 1901-01-18
No Sa1aried Officials

have had our price. but our opponents
weren't Offering anything but dough-
nuts and those we spurned.
Now it seems to me that an Anti
Doughnut party is just what is wanted
in the present emergency. l would have
the Anti-Doughnuts felt in every city
and hamlet and school district in this
state and in the United States. was
an Anti-Doughnut in my boyhood and
I'm an Anti-Doughnut still. The mod
ern designation is mrgwump- There
used to to be quite a number of us
mugwumps. but / think I'm the only
one left" Laughter.)
El Paso daily herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1881-1901, 1901-01-18
WAYS OF THE EARTHwOM.
Interesting Facts About the Small
Boys Favorite Fish Bait.

Earth worms have a reason for be-
ing ever so more important than to
serve as bait for fishermen. For all
their lowly estate, few creatures have
done more for mankind. Earth worms
are not merely the original ploughmen
they have brought about the con-
dition of the earths surface that makes
other ploughing possible and profit
able.
Field crops. for the most part. grow
and feed upon vegetable mold-the lay
or of warm. light. blackish earth rest
ing upon the sub-soil. Save hv grace
of the earth worm vegetable mold
would not exist only in those places
where dead leaves and decaying
growth generally resolve themselves
into their original elements. The
El Paso daily herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1881-1901, 1901-01-18

earth worm, which may be described
| as an embodied appetite, eats every
thing-animal matter. green leaves
and dead ones, twigs, leaf stalks, small
stones and earth. The residum of all
| he casts up on the surface at the rate,
| throughout pastures and garden
ground, of some ten tons year.
Continue the process a hundred years
or even fifty, and many inches of fine
friable, productive soil result.
Beyond all that, their burrows let
down light and air from the sub-soil.
Sometimes the burrows run six feet
deep. In winter the worms hibernate
in roundish chambers at the bottom
The chambers are lined with very
small stones or hard, rounded seed. A
dozen worms sleep together knotted
the winter sleep that they are thus gre
the winter sleep that hey are thus gre
garious. At other times they go in
pairs. Though they do not in cap
tivity appear very sensible of either
cold or heat, in hot. dry weather they
go almost as far down as they do in
winter.
Eyeless. they have yet a certain per-
ception of light. retreating before it to
their burrows. Vibration also affects
them-hence, say the country folk. the
woodcock's habit of drumming to call
them out of the ground. Their sense
of smell is acute. and by the help of
it they find their food, either buried
or lying upon the surface. AS soon as
it is found the worms drag it to the
burrow. They burrow by pressure of
their smooth ringed bodies and by lit
orally eating out the earth ahead.
The digestive apparatus includes a crop
and giZZard like those of birds. After
the manner of birds, the gizZards are
kept supplied with small stones to
serve as miilstones in grinding down
the food
The burrows are plaStered all round
with the finely chewed earth and keep
worms secrete humus acids. which at
anted. From the dead leaves which
make so large part of their food the
worms secreat humuS acids, which at
tack and help to dissolve the rocks
buried in the soil. Thus the earth
worms not merely transform the soil
chemically and mechanically but add
to the bulk of it-Since soil of every
kind come from the disintegration of
rocks. Further. many leaves dragged
eaten and, decaying, furnish gases
upon its mineral element.
Earth worms are the best allies of
those gentlemen, the antiquarfeS. A
coin, an arrow head. a spear point, an
inscribed slab, a tesselated pavement
they bury, surely, safely, to await the
day of resurrection. The burying is
done in two waysAby castings spread
above the thing to be buried, and by
undermining the soil beneath. Earth
with burrows sinks in
times of heavy rain or frost. Thus,
in course of thousand years, an OBJ
ject may be many feet under the sur
face. yet remain exactly as they fell. In
deed. the wise men declare the earth
worms, in the mass. keep the whole ,
face of the planet in state of grad
ual evolution.