davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Gloucester County Democrat., 1901-08-15

ON THE WAY TO CENTRALIZED SCHOOL.
Of the town are of one community, and
merit wins. One scholar is as good as
another, and talent and department
are the only avenues to merit.
'It is not here contended that the
centralized school is yet perfect. 1t
is in a state of evolution, but each step
seems the better move toward solving
the question of a better education for
the rural boy and girl. In average at
tendance the new plan far exceeds the
old In some towns the attendance Is
25 per cent better on the average 1t
is fully that in our township. Then it
promises to add at least two years
more schooling to the school life of the
pupil. To be taught along ever unfold
ing and new lines in study inspires,
where the ever going back to re-
traverse old study byways causes list
less and lifeless ways. even to deser-
tion of school life.
'gThe cost is less in most instances.
The transportation of school district
to central point is less than the cost
of its separate maintenance. In some
towns the centralized plan saves hun
dreds of dollars. In some the cost is
about the same. In a few, where
causes have been beyond the boards
control, the cost is more, but in all
cases the instruction vastly compen-
safes for slightly increased cost"
Gloucester County Democrat., 1901-08-15

A properly balanced ration for stock
has solved the problem of supplying
animals with the elements which their
natural appetites crave. This could
not be consummated in a restricted
diet, which is shown by the unnatural
desire of animals for bones and other
substances which evidently contained
the desired element. Such animals dis
play an unthrifty condition until the
desired element is supplied with salt,
bonemeal or some other ingredient lack
ing in their regular ration. A balanced
ration involves a variety of elements
which go to make muscle fat and bone
in the proper proportion. and stockmen
are now giving this subject special at
tention, as the best results can only be
achieved by feeding properly mixed
diet,
Gloucester County Democrat., 1901-08-15
!. RENEWING PASTURE.

Don'H Seed ON Inverted Sod - Two
Methods of Getting IA Good Stand.
In some farming operations things
cannot be hurried beyond a certain
point One Of these is in obtaining a
good pasture. You cannot seed on an
inverted sod-in other words, it is out
of the question to expect to obtain a
good pasture by turning over sod and
Immediately reseeding it. The sod
must be rotted and thoroughly worked
up. In a case of this kind there are
two courses one might pursue: a. Plow
at once and fallow until the middle Of
August, when the sod ought to be pret-
ty well decayed; then seed. If this is
done and the season is fairly propi-
tious, a good cover should be got by
next spring, but cattle should be kept
out until the sod has tightened and the
soil has settled. In the meantime it
may be necessary to cut the grass. (2)
Plow the whole of it at once and sow
part of it with soiling crop. Keep
the remainder fallowed until seeding
time-the middle of August or first of
September. A good soiling crop would
be oats and peas. On this the cattle
could be fed while the remainder of the
ground was growing in the pasturing
condition.. Craig in American Gar
dening.
Gloucester County Democrat., 1901-08-15
siIoing MiIIet md Clover.

| have ensilo,kl nlillet and clover sue
cessfully without cutting, but always
prefer to cut everything for silo, says
w. +. McSparran of Pennsylvania in
National Stockman. | think the silo
will hold more when the silage is cut,
and. as the process of cutting more
thoroughly breaks up the organism of
the feed, the digestive agents of the
animal more readily and perfectly at
tack its nutrients.
NIillet is a reasonably good feed, but
should be cut just when in blossom,
and both it and the clover, while per-
fectly ensiloable alone or together, will
make much nicer and more valuable
feed If mixed with corn In the silo. BY
all means fill the silo with anything
green in sight.
Gloucester County Democrat., 1901-08-15


Every season attempts should be
made to improve some portions of the
farm SO that the soil will show the
highest standard of productivity.
There are crops which must be raised
on every farm which leave the soil
much poorer in fertility when they are
harvested. Systems of rotation may
tend to counteract this evil and keep
the general average of the fertility
good, but in spite of this there will be
gradual decline unless special efforts
are directed toward the improvement
Of the soil. This can best be done by
selecting certain fields or field each
year and making point to raise the
standard of fertility of that section.
BY thus changing off one goes over the
whole farm in the course of a few
years and makes the soil all of high
standard.
Gloucester County Democrat., 1901-08-15
AN ORDINANCE

To provide for the establishments of the lines of
Cedar street, from Broad street Eastwardly to
the City Line OF the City Of Woodbury., and the
establishment of the grade lines from Broad
street to the West Jersey and Seashore Railroad
Section |. Be it enacted by the Mayor and
Council of the City of Woodbury., that the width
OF said street shall be thrty-three (33) feet, six
teen and one-half feet on either side of the cen
tire line, twenty-one CD feet of which shall be
roadway, and six (6) feet either side shall be
sidewalks, the centre line of which is described
as follows
Beginning at point in the centre line OF
North Broad street, thirty-fonr and seven-tenths
(34.7) feet, Soutlerly from the intersection OF
the centre line of Red Bank avenue, and ex-
tending thence on "a true meridian course of
North eighty degrees and fifty-four minutes
East, two thousand eight hundred and forty-two
and one-half (2S4212) feet to n stone set in the
line of the City of Woodbury. and Township OF
Deptford.
Section 2. Be it enacted that the curb or grade
lines OF said street from Broad street to the
West Jersey and Seashore Railroad are hereby
established at the height of nine (9) inches
above the gutter, and above city datum, as
follows:
On the Northeast corner of Broad street twen-
ty-one and eighty-fve hundredths (2lS5) feet,
Southeast corner of Broad street twenty-one
and forty hundredths 431 feet, at the
Northwest and Northeast corners OF Green
street and at the intersection of Green on the
Southerly side of the street, twenty-three and
sixty five hundredths (23.65) feet, two hundred
and twenty-five (225) feet East of Green street,
twenty-five and thirty-five hundredths (22.35)
feet, three hundred and seventy-five (375) feet
East of Green street or at the Westerly side OF
West Jersey and Seashore Railroad twenty and
fifteen hundreths (20l5) feet.
Section 3. Be it enacted that all ordinances OF
parts of ordinances conflicting with this ordi-
nance be and the same are hereby repealed
Passed at an adjourned meeting of Council
held July II, 1901
THEO. f. BURKETT
Attest: President of Council.
d. L. MATHERs, City Clerk.
Approved July 18th, 1901.
Aug. 8, '0l- SAMUEL H. LADD, Mayor
PRS fees q o.
Gloucester County Democrat., 1901-08-15
Evenly Dere1oped udders.

The Importance of having the front
part of the udder well developed is but
little realized by those who handle
dairy COWS, says American Cultivator
There ale some cows in which the
amount of milk produced by the front
udders or the two forward teats is no.
ticcably less than that from the two
rear teats. In an experiment made a
few years ago by Professor Plumb he
found that in Is COWS which had the
front part of the udder much smaller
than the rear part he obtained 81 per
cent more remilll from the hind teats. With
226 milkings from Go COWS which had
udders not apparently much smaller in
front than rear he obtained Al quarts
as an average from front teats and 40
quarts from rear teats, a difference of
over 16 per cent. Some may claim that
the COW gives just as much as though
the front udders were well developed,
as we have heard them claim that
when one teat was useless the COW
gave as much from three. but we never
believed it.
Gloucester County Democrat., 1901-08-15
Notes From Gardening.

The Canadian invader. Chyrsanthe-
mum Timothy Eaton. has swept the
country. Plants of the giant white are
being benched from the Penobscot to
west of the Rocky mountains.
The plantsmen agree that never be-
fore were so many roses planted out
of doors as this spring.
Nurserymen at Shawnee county,
Kan. assert that 90 per cent of the
apple seedlings used in the nurseries
of the United States are grown within
radius of Is miles of Topeka.
Among rhododendrons exhibited at
the initial show In Massachusetts Hor-
ticultural hall were two new ones that
were particularly admired, Helene
Schiffaer. a handsome pure white, and
Pink Pearl. The latter won a silver
medal last year in England.
Gloucester County Democrat., 1901-08-15

The lightning struck a telephone line
in Nebraska not long since, and the
wire conveyed strong enough current
to kill lineman who was engaged in
repairing the line 80 miles distant from
where the bolt fell
Gloucester County Democrat., 1901-08-15
FIRE LANE IN A FOREST.

danger of great conhagrations very
materially reduced. These fire lanes,
in order to be efficient, must be wide,
clean and well cared for; otherwise
they are of little use.
Fire lanes may be constructed at
slight expense in southern New Jersey.
After the wood is cut it is necessary to
plow three or four burrows along the
edges and then to burn over the lane
at times when there is no danger Of
setting fire to the neighboring woods.
A lane so feet in width would be quite
efficient.
The scheme which 1 have to sugges.
is that these fire lanes be constructed
and kept in order in a way similar to
the construction of state roads, which
have been so popular of late. In this
way no terrible burden of expense rests
upon anybody. The individual bene-
flied thereby pays part, the county an
other part, and the state pays the other
part.
New Jersey was the first state to
take any radical step toward the i'm
provement of her public highways.
The state aid law provides that, on Pc
tition of the owners of two-thirds of
the lands bordering any public road.
not less than a mile in length, asking
that the road be improved and agree
ing to pay 10 per cent of the cost, the
county officials shall improve the road,
one-third Of the expenses to be borne
by the state, If the road is brought to
the standard fixed by the state COM
missioner of public roads, and the bal
lance-66 2-3 per cent-by the county.
The states expenditures for such I'M
provements in any one year are limited
to $150,000, while the county is limited
to one-fourth Of 1 per cent of its as
sessed valuation. Since 1895 the appll-
cations for new roads have been far in
excess of the limit prescribed by law.
1t seems to me that it would be a
simple process to extend this system to
the construction of fire lanes. 1t is
foolish to talk of forest culture until
fires are reduced in number. For this
purpose fire lanes are essential, and
this is the only scheme | know of
which seems practical and possible.
Once institute perfect system of fire
lanes under combined state and local
control. and the number and severity
of the fires will be reduced to such an
extent that the evil will, l am certain,
gradually fade away, and modern sys-
tens of silviculture will gradually
creep in as the value of wood and land
increases.-Dr. John Clifford Before the
New Jersey Horticultural Society.
Gloucester County Democrat., 1901-08-15
sFsa
1SSs,EH
ShSSY =. ~
HoRTlCuLTuRlsTs HELPS.
Two Convenient Devices of Value
When Setting strawberry Plants.

Two Convenient Devices of Value
When Setting Strawberry Plants.
Where strawberry plants are moved
in the hot months without potting 1t
requires considerable care and fussing
to make sure of their growing. Two
clever devices to aid in safe and sue
eessful transplanting, here shown,
were originally presented i'll the Ohio
Farmer. The first is protector. After
the plants have been carefully set and
well watered, one of these protectors
is turned over it, the whole side of the
box being put to the south. The pro-
tectors are made from old strawberry
baskets by cutting away with knife
one-half of two opposite sides of the
basket, the removed portions being at
opposite corners. The cutting away of
part of two sides of the boxes is abso-
lutely necessary to give air and light,
otherwise the plants will make no
headway. and perhaps damp off.
The tool shown is designed for mel
lowing the soil where plant is to be
set, and it is claimed that it answers
Gloucester County Democrat., 1901-08-15

YOUNG OUNCE INJURED BY CURCULIo.
tie grubs at once began eating their
way into the fruit. The grubs continue
feeding in the fieshy part of the fruit
for about q month, forming therein a
large worm eaten" cavity. When full
grown. the grubs eat their way to the
surface of the fruit, forming the famil-
lar worm hole" leading into the black
ish. disgusting looking cavity in the
flesh.
1t is the testimony of growers who
have thoroughly tested the arsenical
sprays that they are of little or no ben
eft
Like the plum curculio, this ounce
curculio quickly drops to the ground
when the tree is Jared. not shaken.
Those who practice the jarring method
successfully jar the troes every day If
possible from the time the beetles ap-
pear until their numbers decrease be-
yond the danger point, or only few
are captured each time.
Gloucester County Democrat., 1901-08-15

board A should be about 22 inches long
Eor tall man and about inches wide
The two end pieces. 3 and c. can be
cut and adjusted to suit each mixer.
We made the stool so as to have the
seat d about ten inches high All
pieces are about s inches wide 1t is a
pleasure to use this stool. One can sit
comfortably without bracing No need
of hugging the pail; simply let it rest
between the knees. The pail should be
tilted slightly, and. thus arranged, a
good, rapid mixer will spatter very lit
tie milk. This stool keeps the pail off
the floor and thus keeps it clean. We
prefer heavy tin pail, slightly faring
and of good depth. A flange at the bot
tom is a protection and strengthens
the pail.
Gloucester County Democrat., 1901-08-15
THE CENTRALIZED SCHOOL.
How 1t Works In an Ohio Township.
Five Years. Trial.

II N
A Five Years. Trial.
"It was an early spring morning.
Cold, misty rain was falling, inter-
spersed with snow squalls. The wind
was strong from the northwest. Under
foot the mud and water were having Il
spat for supremacy, yet in the midst
of it came the school wagonette drawn
by span of stout horses, while inside,
protected from storm, wind and mud,
were 10 children bound schoolward and
all singing Comm Through the Rye
Two youngsters were added to the
load, the boot was again buckled up,
the song went on, and the little conf
pany finished its trip of a mile to the
centralized school. Our township has
had centralized schools on trial and as
permanency now for over five years."
writes John Gould of Ohio to Rural
New Yorker.
''To my mind one of the greatest ben
efits of the centralized school is In
abolishing the classship incident to the
division of rural schools. Each neigh
borhood thus becomes class, with but
little interest in the community at
large, and the matters of acquaintance
of children in different parts of a
town are slight Now all the children
Gloucester County Democrat., 1901-08-15
((IM 7 fE
||lz,pAIRY|

Professor I. L. Hacker of Mime
sofa, writing of calf feeding, says: My
system of feeding is very uniform.
When the calf is dropped, l let it suck
once and then remove it from the dam.
If it is removed in the morning, 1 give
it no feed until the following morning.
This is done so the calf will be hungry
and will drink the milk without the
finger. l give from three to four pints
of its mothers milk twice day, imme-
diately after milking the dam. A small
calf gets three pintS and a large calf
four pints. This continue for about
week. Then for Il week l give it whole
milk half and skimmilk half twice a
day, giving it only from three to four
pints. The third week l feed all sep
arator skimmilk, but put in the milk
teaspoonful of ground fax. l grad
ually increase the skimmilk and flax
meal so that by the end of the fourth
month it is receiving a heaping table
spoonful of fax meal and ten pints of
milk twice a day. After the first
month it has access to little early cut
hay and little whole oats or a mix
ture of whole oats and bran or shorts.
Changing Strains.
1t is the universal opinion of all
breeders and dairymen who have given
the subject any attention that it is not
a desirable thing, as a rule, to change
from one strain to another, says
Hoard's Dalryman. If a man is breed
ing in Holstein lines, let him continue
in that direction unless for reasons sat
q thorough and complete change. If
he is breeding Jerseys or Guernseys or
Ayrshires the same rule applies. But
too much dependence should not be
placed upon names. If he is grading
up with Jerseys, he should do little
something more than get registered
Jersey sire. He should make assur-
ance positive that he is getting a thor
oughly good animal-better than any
thing he has ever had in his herd pre-
viously. And the same rule applies
with any other breed.
Improving the Dairy Herd.
BY feeding up the herd until they are
doing their best and then wedding out
the improbable cows, breeding to the
best dairy strains and properly control
good supply of kindness the dairyman
may expect to have an ideal herd in the
course of a few years.
Gloucester County Democrat., 1901-08-15
Improving the Dairy Herd.
baR @ i E N4S
|['I0j.j..l| |['I0j.j...Bl||'..V1lIII1diN05:''| y i

In order to note the effect of flies on
milk cows, Professor w. l.. Carlisle of
Wisconsin experiment station divided
IA cows into two lots about equal in ev-
cry respect. During the daytime one
lot was kept in a small paddock, hav-
ing an abundance of shade. The other
lot was placed in a comfortable stable
provided with screen doors and win
dows. The lot in the paddock were on
the move constantly fighting flies,
while the others in the stable were suf-
fering no annoyance. Comparing the
result from the standpoint of milk and
butter, it was shown that the cows pro-
tected from flies produced 20 per cent
more butter tEAn those in the open lot.
In several tests made on an Iowa
dairy farm it was found practicable to
keep the cows in dark stable and dis
card screens. The cows thus stabbed
were practically free from flies and
gave more milk than those left out of
doors. The cows were allowed to run
in the pasture during the night and
early morning and required but little
supplementary feed.
If it is impracticable to use screens
or to darken stable, the next best
thing to do is to apply some repellent
to the skin. A number of these are on
the market. and many of them will
last two or three days after applying.
As a rule two applications week are
sufficient. The compound, whatever it
may be, should be rubbed on the tanks,
legs. necks and about the base of the
horns or any spots where flies are most
annoying. This should not be neglect
ed. OF course, with large herds of fat
tening cattle the application of COM
pound of this character is rather diff
cult. but most of them can be put on
with a small spray pump If the cat
tie are driven slowly through narrow
passage, the entire herd can be sprayed
in very short time. Dairy cows.
work horses and any stock kept in the
stable can be easily treated.
Making n MiIkroom
A milkroom can be built in one corner
of the barn or a small building about
20 by % erected In some convenient
and sanitary place near the barn, says
Professor D. II. Otis in Kansas Farm
er. The floor and sides should be made
of cement so as to be easily cleaned.
The floor should slant somewhat to-
ward the drain. A large water tank
can be set on one side of the room and
the water kept running around the
cans of milk. escaping near the top at
the farther end of the tank. Where
running water is not available or the
windmill is uncertain better arrange
ment would be to have several barrels
or small tanks about the size of bar
els. One can of milk can be set in each
tank. which necesitates pumping only
enough water to surround each can,
while If one large tank is used it will
take Just as much and even more wa
ter for one can of milk than it will for
a dozen. a trough in front Of these
tanks can be made to conduct the wa
ter to the stock tank. This trough
could be made of cement and construct
ed while the floor is being laid IF not
convenient to do this. any ordinary
wooden or tin spouting will answer.
Gloucester County Democrat., 1901-08-15
A GOOD DAIRY COW.
She Can Only BE Judged by Careful
and ThorouEh Test.

She Can Only BE Judged by Careful
and Thorough Test.
Every dairyman can tell which is a
good dairy COW. She has slim neck,
sharp shoulders and a rough looking,
wedge shaped body compared to the
beef animal. She has broad, fiat hind
legs, while the beef animal has massive
hams. 1t is in the udder we notice the
greatest difference, that of the dairy
cows being large, broad and springy
TO the touch. There is also a great diff
ference in the milk veins.
The average farmer and plenty Of
dairymen judge their cows by some pc
culiar quality besides those already
mentioned, says II. r. Thatcher in
Kansas Farmer. Some judge by the
color of the milk, the rapidity with
which the cream rises, the quantity she
gives at milking or the test she re-
ccived at the creamery.
But can you judge dairy stock in this
manner? Is it possible to pick out the
best COWS by simply looking at them.
A noted dairyman, an expert in the eS-
timation of all that knew him, was
once tempted to try his judgment by an
actual test. Carefully selecting his
COWS, he numbered them in the order
that he thought they would stand the
test. To his astonishment, the cow
which he had placed fifth stood first,
the second was n COW from the bottom
of his list. the third his fourth. the fifth
his first, and so on, everything mixed
up. And. still more important, this
prominent dairyman actually found
that one-fourth of his fine herd was not
paying for their feed. Such has been
the experience of others, and it surely
proves that you cannot tell good COW
by looking at her. The Babcock test
and pair of scales are Vie best judges
Of the points of good dairy cow, al
though 1t takes a yearly record to do 1t.
Gloucester County Democrat., 1901-08-15


One should make selections of shrubs
with regard to a succession of flowers
during the growing season and with
equal regard to variety in the shapes
Of foliage and the forms and habits of
the shrubs. To begin with the for
sythia. this golden bell comes with it's
flowers early in April and lasts from
four to six weeks, a mass of yellow
blossoms from the base to the top.
Then the weigelas become attractive,
with their profuson Of flowers in col
ors from pure white TO a dark maroon.
These are good because of their free
dom in Towering end ease of growth.
The spirpas in great variety are
most ornamental in July and August
and may be used With all clusters Of
shrubs.
The hardy bydrangea H. paniculata)
is excellent for single specimens or
when massed. The large panicles of
white blossoms are very Snowy. The
housewife will often carry them into
the parlor in the fall in order to get the
advantage of them during the winter
months. This hydrangea is frequently
planted on small grounds as single
specimens where there is not sufficient
space for a cluster of shrubs.
| would add to this list, in order to
give some beauty during the cold win
ter months, the red dogwood (Cornus
sanguinca). This plant requires very
vigorous pruning. cutting down close
to the ground to get strong shoots with
brightest color.
would handle the umbrella tree
Paulcwnia inperialis) in the same
way. Its greatest beauty is obtained
when an annual growth is forced from
the roots. 1t grows IA or 10 feet high
in season. and the leaves become two
feet broad, often three feet in length,
and placed as they are, alternately op-
posite, make very fine and effective
plant even in flower garden.-F. G.
Goble.