davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1901-11-30
y HOW ASTRONOMERS -.
> MEASURE STARLIGHT

I With the Meridian Photometer During
thu Years lS7s-lSs3"-asmassiye vol
ume giving q list OF 1850 stars In the
northern SKY visible to the naked eye
IN the latitude Of Cambridge. and IN
tended 10 include all stars not fainter
than the sixth magnitude between the
North Pole and thirty degrees south OF
the celestial equator. To this original
list smother, Volume XIV. OF the
Annals, has since been added. Tech
nieally such q piece Of work Is called a
Uranometria or catalogue OF naked
eye stars" The similar work produe-
ed by Professor Pritchafd at Oxford,
for example. containing the magni-
tudes OF 2.7s4 stars thus observed, was
entitled "Uranometria Nova oxonien-
sis" The Harvard Uranometria was so
elaborate and so accurately done that
Il has been practically accepted every
where, and the magnitude Of all new
stars given on the Harvard scale. A
striking Illustration OF the use to
which II Is now put occurred last
spring when the new star appeared in
aeAN GENERALIZATION Au4Olk the
observers who gave their results on
the Harvard scale were INLAND and
GyllenskoId Of Sweden, Pereira OF the
Portuguese observatory in the Azores.
the STATS Of the British Astronomical
Association and the Astronomical So
ciety Of France and the officers OF the
Radcliffe Observatory at Oxford. as
well as practically all American as
tronomers.
AS would be supposed, It takes a
trained eye to notice the finer differ
ences in star magnitudes On the
modern scale a first magnitude star
would be expressed as ranging from
O.50 TO 1-50, a second magnitude star
from 1.50 to ESQ, and so on. For in
stance, Castor, which was measured
as 1-56 In the H. p" would be called
Of the second magnitude, while It's
twin star, Pollux. the brighter OF the
Gemini, is a first magnitude star,
measured as LIZ. The Pole Star itself
is star OF the second magnitude, its
measurement being 2.15. The six
brighter stars In the Pleiades are all OF |
the second and third magnitudes, as !
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1901-11-30


One Of the most important and inter
esting departments Of astronomy-as
well as one Of the least known poDu-
lariy-Is the measurement and record
ing OF the comparative magnitude Of
the stars-a task which has been car
ried on, doubtless. since the beginning
Of astronomical science In this reek-
oning Of magnitude, which Is known
as phctometry-the measurement, that
Is, OF staFlight-lt is interesting 10
note that an American astronomical
establishment stands among the first,
II not as the very first in the world,
photometry having been for years one
Of the principal subjects taken up by
the Harvard Observatory. both In
Cambridge and at Arequipa. Peru, and
the results Of the work which Il has
accomplished having been accepted as
standard all over the world.
The first star catalogue, giving 1850
stars. was published by Hipparchus in
the year I25 B. @. II has come down
TO us through Ptolemy OF Alexandria,
who nearly 500 years later. In 40 A.
D., produced HIS 'sMegale Syntaxis"-
the "Almagest' Of the Arabian and
Moorish astronomers-Which. either
directly or through the corrected eata-
lOgue that was based on It By the Per-
sian astronomer, Abd-al-rahman al
Sun, was the worlds standard until
Ulugh Bleigh brought out new cata-
iogue AZ Samaraeand about l450 A. d.
The famous catalogue Of Tycho Brahe
the last Of the medieval OF the first
Of the modern astrOnomers-in 1880,
was the last important catalogue pro-
duced without the aid Of the telescope.
Hipparchus and Ptolemy arranged
the stars in six classes, the first class
comprising the bfightest-about tWen-
y In all-while the sixth class con-
tanned those which could Just be made
out By the naked eye. After the tele-
scope came into general use magnI-
tudes were extended downward as
fainter stars were brought into view
by the increasing power Of the instru-
ments employed. For many years
each astronomer used his own scale,
Herschel at the Cape Of Good Hope e.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1901-11-30
ANTHONY TROLlOPrs YOUTH.


His Uppromising Optlsok WhHe work
isE ~ Postomos Clerk.
Anthony TrOliope's start In life vas
unpFomising. AS be knew no IAN
guages. ancient or modern. he became
classical usher at a school n Brussels
with the promise Of commission IN
the Austrian army. Then he vas sud
denly transferred 70 elarkship in the
Londod postofice. He vas dIsquaii
fed for ths new position By general
ignorance and special incapacity for
the simplest arithmetic. A yaene
threat that be must pass an examina.
eion we forgotten before It vas put
into execution. ana Trollope eharactef-
isdcaly takes occasion to denounce
the system OF competitive examination
81 which he would have kesn excluded
Meanwhile be vas turned loose An
Londoa. and Attempted 70 i've q gen
ilenan q $40 ayear. The results are
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1901-11-30

peeially using very high numbers
tendency that has been so reduced
since his time that his twentieth mag
nitude is very nearly the fourteenth
on the scale now generally employed
This scale more closely corresponds
with that Of Highlander. the great Ger
man author OF the "Durehmusterung"
or catalogue Of the stars In the north
ern heavens, which enumerates over
s24. 600 stars, the largest number yet
eatalogued-
Each magnitude. OF course, has Its
typical stars to which the others may
be conveniently referred The stars
which do not exactly correspond in
magnitude with a typical star are ex-
pressed in fractional terms Of the
nearest magnitudes, decimals being
usually employed. although Ptolemy
and even Argelander used thirds. En-
ploying the decimal system. a star OF
So magnitude win be shade brighter
than q star Of SIS and 50 on. An ex-
osption Is that certain stars. such as
Arcturus and Sirius, and the planet
Jupiter when At its brightest. are
more than q magnitude brighter than
starr Of the first magnitude. Aldebar-
an, tor example. and are therefore ex-
pressed IN NEGATIVE masnitndes" that
s. 70 say. they are preceded By the
minus sign. Jupiter. for Instance. an
proaches almost the second negative
maruftude-mfnua 2-or IL efrfeen
times brighter than a star Of the first
magnitude.
T. IS significant q TIE great accom-
plishmsnt Of American astronomy that
there was no universally accepted syu-
tenn Of pholomelrg until the pubiiea-
ton of What 3 row known Is the
Harvard Photomslry- Il p. a.
& s famIliarly called ~ astronomer.
This Eas contained 81 volume XIV. Of
t1e annals 81 the Harvard ohssrvaz
tcry under kho titis 81 )hserFaiions
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1901-11-30


Thars mighty lot taa about farmer. n thar rights
n The wpudcrtu prosperity thss beet gFSsn own invites invite
n holer fer the Tariff ter keep free raw sugar out
But nots tibet the beeproducin' farms very few
II. hun snd an IS sTn bests amt Son ter bsg
Beet CROWNS right fer guess-bu whar dew cum nl
The farmer ghs four dollars ter every ton o bets
hanson price must allow-but . hld1 sum m desets
Thet "granyated" sumthin ike pound
Audit kin Be sold fer three why should we pay EN- FIvEf
L seems ter thets game tibet mighty like skin
When Uncle SANS cash glad help him
N we'll stand all the tibet needed doubt
But when his pocket lined nary lacks
E seem; ter me his duty: ter repeal tibet , sugar tax
The beet-producin' farmer the, the duty they collect
But guess tibet explanation a little bit thin
The sugar makerhes all righ-but-wha dew cum in'
Take of raw sugar duty an price viii quickly fall,
To eyeybOdgi benefit Ter sugar used by all :
In millions of citizens free sugar beseech)
The dealer II be delighed-less expenditure fer him
An the farmer II be as we'll paid as he ever yet hes
But he'll buy his sugar cheaerthets whar he an u cum in
Now, whars the reason Of the sugar tax to-day
An the peoples got ter pay -hets fact hets very clear
WHY WHY RGn eT [SaS h oS If h scattered FEw
9 ,5 EFSVy Re-, -, MSKFPSi Don, re,lIv SEEM sin
help hI Golfers? War dew you an in
The farmer CROWN beets hes got contract price years.
Free sugar wouldn't hurt him. an of it he hes fears
mebbe, like mysef-he's also growing fruit so nice
Ter preserve a prOht-he needs sugar-at bHos!
The repeating of the duty surely the price IN
Thet mighty difference neighbor both an youl
the manyfactrer make such profits as he kin
Ter may right enuf-but whar dew cum in?
An amt a-goin' swaer all the arguments they shout
need proecon-an' bar
Common plainly shown that the peopen the land
free IN fuuTe-an its freedom will demand
TTs a tax no longer ueeded-haeful the public view
Taxing millions Of people enrich favored few.
Tbey can't blind me any longer with foolish yarns they
While they're busy maxim moneywar dew you and in?
I'm a-goin keep hustln an padin with my Trends
in others gain thar selfish ends
I'm a-gon my Congressman nd say
ougher do his best kill that without delayi
farmers, your utmos-whether you grow bee
To repeal the sugaryOucan but improve lott
Cheaper helps pocket blessings
When we've threeent ganyaed-thas whar you an in
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1901-11-30

/ indicated By q couple Of anecdotes. A
money lender once advanced him so.
for which, first and last, he paid g, 900.
This person. he says, became 50 much
attached to him Is to pay daily visit
a. his once and exhort him TO be
punctual. These visits were very
terrible and can hardly have been OF
service to me in the once" This mild
remark applies also 70 the visits from
the mother OF q young woman IN the
country who had fallen In love with
him, and TO whom he lacked the
pluck to give a decided negative" The
mother used to appear with basket
on her arm and an immense bonnet
upon her head, and inquire In q loud
voice, before all his companions,
Anthony Trollope. when are you go
ing to marry my daughter?" No won
der that he was miserable; be was
hopelessly in debt, and often unable to
pay for a dinner; he hated hts work,
he says, and he hated his idleness; he
quarreled with his superiors, who
thought him hopelessly incapable, and
felt that he was sinking TO the lowest
pits" At last he heard Of q place In
the Irish pOstO6ice, which everybody
despised, and was successful on apply
ing for II. because his masters were so
glad to get rid Of him. At the same
time, they informed his new superior
that he would probably have to be dis
missed on the first opportunity.-Na-
tional Review.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1901-11-30
HOW The CHINESE GET RAIN.

Peculiar Practices IN Vogue In the
Celestial Kingdom
II Is one Of the peculiarities Of the
Chinese that, while they have develop
ed elaborate PHILOSOPHERS, none Of
them has led to any confidence in the
uniformity Of nature. Neither the
people nor their rulers have any fixed
opinion as to the causes Of rainfall.
The plan in some provinces when the
need Of rain is felt is to borrow q god
from q neighboriHg district and petit
ton him for the desired result. II his
answer Is unsatisfactory he is returned
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1901-11-30

James Farrell Of BaTboursvllle. w.
Va. reoently oslebrated the 105th an
niversary of bis birth He d now pos
sihly the Oldest man in the United
States II. Fauel served IN the war
Of 1872 and later vas IN Mexico under
Jefferson Davis. When the war BE-
tween TIE states broke out be enlisted.
although no longer a young man, and
saw EouF years of service. He was
probably the Oldest veteran TO oasr his
services 20 ne government when the
spanish var broke cut
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1901-11-30

II the present plans Of the board Of
appraisers appointed BY the Prohats
Court Of Canton, Ohio. to estimate ths
value Of the Mckinley estate are car.
ried out. Mrs. Mckinley win be grant.
ed an allowance OF 5000 annually to
pay her living expenses. The estimat-
ca value Of ne estate submitted BY
the adminlstratoEz Is s2l0.00o Of which
sum $1,000 9 in real estate and S140.-
600 IN personal property.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1901-11-30

me cousins Of Memo shaul, Of Her
kimS N. r. are coming into existence
with he fecundity Of rabbits all over
the country. he died recently, leaving
S2l0oo 70 be divided among his third
cousins. meaning. as he expressed II.
'the children OF those persons related
70 me as cousins" There are already
go persons. from various parts Of the
United States. who have sent 4 their
claims 70 the estate.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1901-11-30

RSd-headed Indians are very rare.
One OF them, belonging to the Passa-
maqaOddy tribes reservation at Pleas
ant Point, near Eastport, Ne. recently
died there. aged IS. His name was
sopiel Haney. and all through his life
he vas shsnned BY the other members
Of bis tribe because Of his bright red
hair.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1901-11-30

An eccentric Ohio man made his own
conn i've years ago. and when he died
the other day it took considerable
muscular persuasion to get his in
creased girth into the box. II was
done. however, and two men sat on
the colin lid on the way to the grave,
at the expressed wish Of the dead man.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1901-11-30

Is the only magazine IN America deYot-
ed exclusively to good taste in the
home. Hundreds OF illustrations and
practical articles on interior decora-
tion, furnishing and building make it
Indispensable TO any woman interested
IN her home
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1901-11-30

A threesWheeled cab has made its
appearance In London. The third
wheel runs IN front Of the passenger
and Is 20 save him from accident
should the horse fan.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1901-11-30

The Alaska Indians have q violin
closely resembling in form the print
ttve, instrument OF the same kind used
among the Persians and Turks. II
has two strings and IS played with a
small boR.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1901-11-30

The best-lighted street in the world
is the famous thOrOughfare Of Berlin,
Unter-den-Enden. II Is illuminated
BY three lines OF electric lights, which
are separated by two lines Of linden
trees.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1901-11-30

As rule. the men whom men draw
and the women whom women depict
are nearer the truth, for It Is a blessed
law Of nature that men and women
shall view one another through the
eyes Of the Imagination.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1901-11-30

, O. vington. Ga, has furnished new
boy preacher. Metz Joiner. 9 years OF
age. who lately held one Of the largest
congregations ever seen in the town
enraptured Tor thirty minutes After
be had finished his sermon, several Ia
dies ran up 10 kiss him. but he told
them not 10 worship him, but the one
Of whom he was preaching.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1901-11-30

The metric system Of weights and
measures was adopted by France in
1850. By Holland In 1876. by Belgium
in 1890. and BY Sweden in 1883
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1901-11-30
Lydia z. PiHkhan7ls Vegetable C0Enp0undI

l7l--l1--7 =
It viii entirely the Female Complaints all
Of the Womb and consequent Spinal Weakness peculiarly
adapted to the Change o. Life
It has cured LeucorhOa
other remedy the world has infalbe
eases dsoles and ex tuors from the Uterus in neary
Of development and checks any tendency
IRREGULAR, Suppressed Painfu Menstron Weakness of the
BOatng Flooding
ache, General Debility quickly yields to it.
Womb troubles causing pain, weight and baeche Instantly
acts in harmony with the laws that govern the female system
harmless
quickly that BeRriHgdoWn Feeling, extreme a
iriaby seeplessne halency
melancholy the %bes backache
Of Female Weakness arrangement Of the Uterus which this
medicine always
kidney Complaints the Vegetable
Compound always cures
No other female medicine
widespread M
has such record Of cures o. female troubles.
Those refuse ACCEPT anything are
arded hundred thousand they what they
Sold By Druggs every Reeuss an
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1901-11-30

A farmer IN Addison, Ne. has a
sheep which this year yielded two
heeces, one black Is ink, and The othsr
Is white as snow.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1901-11-30

Russian engineers are experiment.
ing with a military kite which win. IL
Is hoped, prove useful for recommend
ing remembering purposes.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1901-11-30

to his home with every mark Of
honor; otherwise he may be put out in
the sun, as a hint to wake I'D and
do his duty. A bunch Of willow Is
usually thrust into his hand as will be
sensitive to moisture. Another plan
In extensive use Is the building Of
special temples in which are wells con-
tanning several iron tablets. When
there is a scarcity Of rain a MESSENGER
starts out with a tablet, marked with
the date OF the journey and the name
OF the district making the petition.
Arriving at another city he pays a
sum Of money and IS allowed to draw
a new tablet from the well, throwing
In bis own by way Of exchange. On
the return journey he Is supposed 20
eat only bran and travel at TOP speed
day and night. Prayers are usually
made in the hfth and sixth months
when the rainfall Is always due. ana A
limit Of ten days Il set for their eRee-
tive operation. Under such conditions
rain usually falls during the pre-
seribed time When prayers are in
progress the umbrella, among other
objects, comes under the ban. Ii some
provinces foreigners are mobbed for
carrying this harmless article at that
time.-Detrolt Free Press.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1901-11-30

Budapest. Hungary. has hfty
churches N which divine service Is
conducted IN twelve different Ian
guaees.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1901-11-30

Ms. Windows Soothing syrup
For children teething. sutens the gums reduces IN
aammation, allays pain, cures wind cole sc 5otte-
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1901-11-30

Pain-Wizard Oil. Use the last on
the first and you have neither one nor
the other.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1901-11-30

Never give up" is a good motto for
people who don't pay their debts.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1901-11-30

Before You marry. be sure OF a house
wherein you tarTy.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1901-11-30

Long sermons are sometimes referred
TO as clerical errors.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1901-11-30

He Is handsome that handsome doth.
A physician always asks a sick man
what ails him. and then proceeds to
charge him 81 for the. information.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1901-11-30

Success never rooSts on the banner
Of the man who neglects his business.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1901-11-30

has an equal for coughs and COlcs.-JOHS ?
BoTER, Trinity Springs. Ind. Feb. ;, lgol
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1901-11-30

These crispy mornings MS Austin's
Pan Cake Flour tastes delicious Ready in
a moment. Buy from your grocer.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1901-11-30

Make the night night, and the day
day, and you will live happily.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1901-11-30

A dollar saved is a dollar earned
for it's hard work to save a dollar.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1901-11-30

Experience is the mother of science.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1901-11-30
Matt }. Johnson's soss

has cured thousands Of rheumatism. I
Wfn cure you Try Il. All druggists
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1901-11-30

Work and not words are the proof Of
love.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1901-11-30

FITS Permanently Cured No ~ ornervousness after
nrst days % ~. Eiua's Greas Nerve kfstorrr.
send for FREE G2.0O trial bottle aBG trparize.
DR- R II KLISE. Ls0.. 81 Arch ST. hiadelphia Pa
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1901-11-30
''WHAR Dew / CUM I'M"

Gel he soIoq q Farusr hs Frss aw - oussOay
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1901-11-30

Stops the Cough and
Works ON the Cold
,aNative BrOmO Quinine Tablets Price >,
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1901-11-30
WILSON'S PoIliies ARset TIE sohool..

Vicious Pelitis ARoet ths Schools.
In the large cities Of this country
there are mere than 10000 children
Who cannot receive the benefits Of the
rublie schools because there are not
enough buildings Even Boston. the
best equipped Of American eities.
needs q more buildings. The showing
IN ali citles this fan Is worse nan
ever The accommodation have not
kept pace with the increase IN popuIa-
tion- Il Is disgraee to us an. ana. as
usual. e has IS explanation IN rolI-
tieA What our cities need is fSWsl
oflceholders and more school teach.
ers.Tsaturday Evening Post
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1901-11-30

Um rrsaulrsts ga q ID tlrlol ou,cltt1l
~ rElrclrlss e Acnccrecgt ~ Pms.
=. LEooellsnll, knighta g Leocl, N
$3.50 nrr.lI iiclnr Erie1lL ~ 11T
tae'a ean haVl th1ir a4g. % lcnE - n.ull
tseulgS 8 prcpar pad Ean5ollielllty > -lilr4l.
~ DI.ad A. Il q nsus1,upss who's. plltl1gn
isi - 3 .5ssk . oss .isd
E.se,l oonnuaisatioa vin haTo ata.z1ai
OT0@sEiaa q thS papsa
oEuz0ns Iaasans.li
a. ....ss..ss. -. -. -.-s ss-ss-ss >,
r1l11--.-...s..---...- s.--..---..s.f-.- ~
4S4t-iss Estl PaAalnsuauuags1a
$500 - e1.11os@0
"o91 *
~ kEroUH AV1EsA. ouaasA
sUIzbsEzA4Loa. naso,lnsP uha.AA
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1901-11-30

ggIEgsl. IL. =. q -
The Dickinson press., 1901-03-23
Auticiu.ted.

He was q Scotch minister In a small
country parish. and be was sometimes
put to 1t for fresh pasture wherewith
to feed his flock. One day. however,
he bethought himself that he had
never thoroughly exhausted the SUBJ
ject Of Jonah. and his heart rejoiced.
Jonah and the whale was a sort Of
thing whereby you could easily drag
out a sermon its allotted two hours.
He was in full career and had reached
trfumphantly the anatomical peculiari-
ties of the case.
IAN what feesh do We think 1t wad
beY' he cried in stentorian tones.
"Aiblins We think 1t wad be a haddie2
Ma. 40. 1t could nae be a haddie fol
to tax n big mon like yon In his belly.
Aweel, aiblins ye think 1t wad be q
salmon, but l tell ye ma, ma. It wad
ma be a salmon, for deed l doubt IL
they yer see salmon yonder, Aweel,
aiblins ye're thinking 1t wad be q big
cod
Here an aged and weary voice piped
up from the body Of the church:
"Aiblins it was a whaley" n
IAN the dell haze ye, Maggie Mac
farlane, for takin the word DOT O. the
mouth O. Gods Observation-Disclosures
colts Magazine.