Barre evening telegram. (Barre, Vt.) 1898-19??, 1901-07-11
THE FORCE OF WAVES.
GENTLE ROLLS OF WATER THAT
Held A FEARFUL POWER.

<;rourh seas on the English Coast
Which Wreck Vessels ON Calm
Days--.i,csc sucIls Strike With a
Force OF II Ton to the Square Inch.
Many visitors to the coast are sorely
puzzled when q boatman either refuses
to put off from the shore, or at most
so far from land, on a day when there
is no sign Of an approaching storm
and the water is only moved by long
and gentle rolling swell.
Argument is of no avail, and If the
old salt Is pushed for a reason he will
only reply with some cryptogramic re-
mark about "the ground sea-" the
questioncr then retiring more bewil-
dercd than before.
1t is hard to understand how such a
gentle swell can presage danger, but
to experienced eyes it gives warning
that must be needed. All along the
west and parts Of the south coasts Of
England and Ireland, as well as the
west coast of Scotland. uncounted
tales are told Of ships which on per-
fectly calm DAY have been within a
few hours first caught by gentle roll
Of the water and finally thrown on
rockbound shore by the dreaded
''ground sea-"
phenomenon it must be borne in mind
that out on the Atlantic waves are Of
ten formed to a heigh Of 40 feet. Driv-
en- before heavy gale, these advance
ut rate Of from 80 to 40 miles an
hour Travelling at such rate, they
soon get out of the wind swept
area. But even though. for them, the
storm is past they still roll on in fury,
their undulations often being felt 500
miles from the point Of their creation.
In the region of the storm these
waves are fierce, breaking pillows. but
as they get farther away they settle
down into long. rolling ridges, which
travel onward in long. unbroken lines,
perfectly parallel with each other.
Out on the open sea these ridges Of
ten stretch out for distance of over
80 miles, and they travel in thrces,
each successive wave being larger
than its predecessor The sight is an
imposing one.
The farther they progress the small
compensated for by the fact that their
motion is communicated to the mass Of
water below. until the roll can be de-
tected fully 30 feet under the surface.
This gives them the name of "ground
sea-"
In this popularity their danger lies,
for when becalmed ship is caught in
them. her draft, the resisting power
that enables her to ride out storm,
becomes the fulcrum which the liquid
mass uses to hurl her onward to de-
struction
On Il calm day any sailing craft
caught in the ground sea- near a
rocky shore is as good as lost, unless a
wind can spring up and enable her to
beat out to sea. Many ship has met
this fate. The reason many more do
not get lost is due to the gentle swell
that so dcceives landsman and warns
sailor.
AS the ground sea- advances it
pushes a certain amount Of water be.
fore it. This also forms into ridges,
like its pursucr, but of less height and
approximately no depth.
The false sea-" as it is called, is lit
tie more than a rolling swell, but it
gives a warning of from 20 minutes to
two hours duration, enabling a ship
to either run into port, get ont to sea
or securely anchor; while at the sea-
side resorts the boatmen run close in
shore to the surprise Of the ''trippers."
When 1t is remembered that a wave
20 feet high, which IS often attained by
the ground sea- strikes with force
Of one ton to the square inch, the me-
cessity for caution will be recognized.
AL waves that come in parallel
ridges, however, are not dangerous, as
there Is "wind billow" that is closely
allied to the ground sea" in appear
ance.
wind pillows" are due to a heavy
wind blowing but few miles off the
land, but as they have had but COM
paratively short distance to travel they
rowing boat Is perfectly safe on them
IL properly handled.
These waves usually appear when
there Is a comparative calm near the
shore, their great point Of difference
from the ground sea-" In appearance
being that their unbroken lines are
nearer and are all equidistant, not
travelling In threes.
Generally the wind billow" does not
break into foam, but occasionally this
happens when they are coming In
against the tide. Then 1t Is hard to de-
tect them from ordinary waves, the
product Of local windstorm. These
always break into foam at their crest,
the white horses" Of the marine poet
Remembering these peculIaritles Of
the various waves will save tourists
considerable disappointment when wis
er heads bid them keep to the land,
for, to them, no apparent reason, while
" NAV knop fhnp, from ryShiuv info