davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1901-05-08

the farmer and irrigator comes into
most frequent and intimate contact is
the ditch rider, who usually is APP
pointed by the manager or president.
He is provided with list of the per-
sons having water rights from the
canal, showing the amount to which
each is entitled under his contract; or,
in case of community stock companies,
with list of the stockholders and the
amount of stock owned by each. Such
list furnishes the necessary data to
enable him to distribute the water &C.
cording to the quantity or proportion
called for by these respective interests.
AS the amount to which each user Is
entitled is limited, regulating struc-
lures are placed at the points of di-
version to regulate the flow into the
laterals. These consist of wooden box
like structures in which sliding gates
are placed, by which the size of aper-
AZURE from the main canal is regulated
and the flow of water therefrom con-
trolled. Where considerable accuracy
of results is attempted, there also is
placed in the lateral ditch below the
regulating gates n weir, whose flow for
all depths is computed and tabulated,
and to determine the depth at any
time graduated scale is so placed with
reference to the weir that the depth
can be read off conveniently and ac-
curately. When it Is desired to de-
liver into lateral so arranged given
volume of water, 1t is merely necessary
for the ditch rider to consult his weir
tables and find the depth over their
weir necessary to discharge the re-
quired amount. He then increases or
lessons the opening from the main
canal by moving the sliding gate in
the regulating structure until the re-
CURED depth over the weir is realized.
This is the most important duty of the
ditch rider, and for its proper execution
he is expected to make trip daily
over the entire canal, or his division of
1t. and to examine and regulate the
gate of every consumer.
Water Master of Stream.
Rights tic divert waters from stream
| are determined by priority of claim.
1t is a case Of first come, first served
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1901-05-08
water is turned from the ditch into
these burrows and permitted to traverse

water Is turned from the ditch into
these burrows and permitted to traverse
them slowly from end to end, thorough
~ soaking the ground as 1t progresses
and reaching in to the roots without
coming in contact with the stems above
the surface The necessary moisture
is thus impaired without the wetting
and subsequent baking of the surface
which might result from flooding.
When the trees are sufficiently irrigat-
ed the water is turned out of these fur
rows and into others, the process being
thus continued until the whole area
has been served. The burrows ARE
then filed in with plow, the whole
surface worked over with cultlvator
and no trace left of either the burrows
or the application of water. This
method is also applicable to the irriga-
ton of corn. and, in fact, of any crop
whatever which is planted regularly in
rows, a single furrow between each two
rows being generally used for such
crops. When applicable, it is the
favorite method, both for its con-
venience and the economy of water
thereby effected. But where the
ground is irregular this plan is often
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1901-05-08

You who live tranquil lives, free from
fear and strife, can scarcely realize the
unhappy condition of Nicholas H., the
present Gar of Russia, who, with his
millions Of soldiers, millions of acres
and millions of gold, is unable to find a
single moment of peace and lives in a
continual fear of his life. A short time
ago he fed from st. Petersburg when
warned of plot, and now it has been
discovered that he fled from danger to
danger, and when he took refuge in the
famous old palace ut Tsarkoe- Selo he
did just what the plotters wanted him
to do. There was big mine under the
palace, but it was found before the
plan could be carried out, and the Gar
is now confident that his trusted Off
Gals told him of fake plot at st.
Petersburg and advised him to go to
Tsarkoe-Seloe because 1t was their part
of the scheme to send the Gar to the
mined palace. Like his predecessors,
he now fears to partake of food that is
not prepared In his presence lest it
contains poison. He fears to remain in
rooms that are not SO arranged that his
enemies could not gain access. And,
worst of all, he is never sure who to
trust. Frequently those who have pre-
tended to be his warmest friends and
councillors have proved themselves
traitors and conspirators. Threatened
with war, with revolt of his country
men, and with his own assassination,
IT is no wonder that he is 2 "trihe
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1901-05-08

mediate results of great Importance
are hoped for; even III the small ordin-
ary circuits great economy is predicted,
as the invention makes It possible to
use smaller wires-and the cost Of wire
is large item. The inventor, Prof.
Michael Idorysky Pupin, Phi. D., is an
Austrian by birth, now about forty-two
years Of age. He ran away from school,
came to America. worked in shops,
then, pushed by his desire for knowl-
edge, he entered Columbia University,
where lie is now an instructor. Later he
studied at Cambridge England, where
he was the first American to take the
John Tyndall Fellowship. and at Ber-
lin, where he studied physical science
under Helmholtz and took his Phi. D.
degree. Returning to America, he en-
gagged in special Investigation Of the vi
brations of cords and electrical cur
rents. The result was the practical In
vention named above. The incident II
striking REPUTATION of the popular fall
lacy that all great inventions are found
by accident-Montreal Star.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1901-05-08
NJ. in Various Countries

Only in Britain, Italy, and Spain do
NJ. P.'s serve their country free of
charge. In Portugal the case is curl
GUS. Until 1892 Portugal NJ. P.'s re-
ceived 10 shillings day. This was
then abolished. But the lawmakers
still have free passes on all railways,
and constituencies may pay their mem
beers a wage of not more than IA shil-
lings 10 pence q day. AS compared
with his colleagues In other countries.
then, we find that the British member;
of Parliament enjoys but few privi<
leges; nevertheless, his position is Sec
ond to none In point Of Importance
London Express.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1901-05-08
The Sultan a. a Carpenter.

The Sultan Of Turkey, when a prince,
learned carpentering and became an
expert carpenter himself. and has al.
ways continued to take great inter.
est in 1t. One of his first acts when
sovereign was to establish a complete
joiners' factory at Yildiz, in which he
superlntends the manufacture OF all
sorts of articles, mostly of his own de-
sign. These are worked by very elab-
crate secret springs, in the invention
of which the Sultan takes great delight,
He has just sent to the Russian en-
bassy specimen Of his work as pres.
ent to the Car. 1t consists of table.
richly inlaid, with the Sultan's arms in
front, where there are four drawers.
By touching spring the top flies open
and the center rises, bearing silver
plate, on which is to be found every-
thing necessary for smoking, in silver
and amber. The inside Of the top has
medallion, in which is portrait Of
the Sultan's son, surrounded by
frame of brilliants.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1901-05-08
Political Potpour,.


Noi'e ~ 'he Nepupl'cah papers' IN
son.,nei''lns upon .ne e.iaracter ana
81. Us " l'Usan, ilei,lo',eu MS pro
, ,ou,, ivy u iiper's VI .ne TACT tlae IN
!" lo ~, NJ ' ,.., 'ne cause o.
un ihdepehdence.-lndl
- slIa. iloM, nus peei' ,'iseu oeeause
iea, pii.a'" IS so.hs W p"s peei from
.,.. se NJ. anu gu. w .'ie failieliean sup Z
by. pu. as ions as we ~ aA ~.
soous ~. =. ~. soan. y wna y
snt lise we ~ 'l'1a'il - ieihDlliSt
w. Ae' e'a'.
men an American newspaper editor
III Mania prints accounts OF stealings
=. msn o',. ,, ne Is pa,l'sneu ny Mac
to- 49, .ne n'sn ',ieNls oli-
,n. '' ~" - ue'.s.eu ~ 'neil ,i'e.ihs
-. ~. ."ui .e,eus .'.i' a''u eapies
Nin. 70 s.sa.'s o.et i"'eu'
' wv 'o"' n"''
rom Johnson is condition and not
theory. lie is ana he plans to remain
hgure IN our public life. Ever since
Grover cleveland broke trail from n
mayors chair to the White House the
liesluen'lai ighthng rod mas Deen at
.'''.'. - ~ uaans e.,y nan. hence 'he
NV nv ~" s'st.a'e y, Tue onioah lnetrop-
o,,s nas "fo''scu 'iie prol'iiets.-i'oston
'iope.
Captain oberlin Carriers health is
lailing SO rapidly In prison that he
reels us II nothing on earth could save
his life but n trip to Europe with his
now safely planted swag in his grip
sack, but the Department of Justice
cruelty insists that If he is bound to die
he Will never be in a more proper
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1901-05-08
inconvenient, because the furrow

inconyenient, because the burrows
parallellirg the rows of crop would,
upon such surfaces, he up and down
hill, and would therefore not carry
water. 10 make this method appli-
cable in such cases it would be neces-
sary that therows follow approximately
the contour of the ground in order that
the parallel burrows might carry water
throughout their entire length.
With n few exceptions in the irrigated
country there is no rainfall in the up
lands where the rivers have their
sources. The precipitation ordinarily
occurs in the form of snow, and even
this is not abundant except in the
mountains. 1t is the melting of the
snow with the advent of warm weather
which causes the periodical rise of the
waters. April, May and June are the
high water months. With the ex-
ception of the grasses, and perhaps al
falfa, few crops require irrigation
earlier than May /, nor do they often
require it later than September 10.
June and July are the months of maxi
mum use of irrigating water, and the
use in August usually Is much greater
than the use in May. Grain requires
less water than alfalfa, potatoes need
less than grain. and fruit trees less
than any of them. For the ordinary
farm products of the temperate re-
gions two or three irrigations usually
are required for the production of a
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1901-05-08

thus separating the various small rills
and starting the branches in different
directions. In this way the irrigator
follows the water through the field and
prevents its collecting in the depres-
sions, leading 1t out upon such points
as would without his assistance be
missed by the water.
Under this system an experienced ir-
rigator can cover from ten to twenty
acres day, the area depending upon
the character of the land surface and
the volume of water at his disposal.
For such crops as grain, alfalfa, clover
and the various grasses--for every
thing, in fact, which is sown broadcast
and is distributed uniformly over the
surface-the flooding system is en-
ployed, and furnishes the besr, IN some
cases the only, practicable method of
applying the water,
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1901-05-08
How the West Fights
Nature for,Water
and Wins.
From the little irrlgating ditch Of the

From the little irrlgating ditch of the
early settler in the arid regions of the
West the irrigating problem has grown
to such tremendous proportions, with
such conflicting interests, that serious
efforts may be made to place the con-
troll Of the entire problem in the hands
of the Federal Government. AS long
as all the irrigation questions which
arose in any one State could be met by
legislation of that State, the interests
of all persons in that State could be
protected. But farming by irrigation
has come to be so general in the West
that the capacity of the rivers and
streams is taxed to the utmost. In
those cases where rivers flow through
several States serious contentious have
arisen between the people of these
States as to the use of the water. The
State having within its borders the
headwaters of streams that may fur
nish water for irrigation has "cinch."
BY the time the rivers have reached
the further boundaries of the State
they may not contain enough water to
do the work of irrigation in the next
State. So the cry arises for Federal
management and control. This sub
ject is bound to come before Congress
within comparatively short time, and
thus challenge the attention of the
whole country.
The farmer in those parts of the
country blessed with rainfall is inclined
to look with pity upon the Western
farmer who has to irrigate, and he may
consider irrigation as merely an expe-
dent to take the place of rainfall.
But 1t is doubtful If many of these
Western farmers would exchange
places with farmers in humid districts.
Rainfall is uncertain. Sometimes it
Is too plentiful, at other times there. is
long drought Flowing may be him
dered by water-soaked fields. The ir-
rigator, on the other hand, can have
water when he wants 1t, and in just
the quantity that he wants. This is,
of course, under normal conditions.
Fortune and law favor the old settlers
who built their little ditch first in the
years gone by. They have prior
claim on the water, and if it is neces-
sary to shut off any person from the
use of the water, owing to drought or
to overdraughts on the stream at these
headwaters, these old settlers are the
last to be deprived of their ancient sup
ply.
An exceedingly Interesting pamphlet
has been issued by the United States
Department of Agriculture on the sub
ject of Irrigation in the Rocky Noun
tain States" In 1t j. @. Ulrich tells
the amazing story of the development
of irrigation from the settlers ditch to
the gigantic corporation canal hun.
dred miles long.
| Ways of Applying the Water.
The two most common and generally
used methods of applying the water to
the land to be irrigated are the flood
ing" and "furrow" systems.
Under the flooding system small par
ailel bitches are constructed every hun
bred feet or SO. according to the slope
of the ground. Such bitches are usual
ly simply burrows made with heavy
plow, and, being cut at convenient
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1901-05-08

Courtesy for courtesy is, unfortunate.
ly, not the motto of all shoppers. Dur
ing a recent month large dry goods
store sent out, in answer to requests,
thirteen hundred dollars worth Of SAM
pies. Every package contained a print
ed request to return samples after ex-
animation. The head of the department
says that less than one-tenth ever find
their way back. Where are the nine?''
Is no new lament for benefits forgot.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1901-05-08


In these times of plenty and prosper
ity 1t is not easy TO understand what
service the Social Economics Club of
Chicago hapes to render society by Il
discussion of chow to live on $3.50 a
week." No one wants to live on $3.50
n week. If industrial conditions compel
boy OF girl to live on that amount the
its intellectual energies to changing
those conditions. There are Russian
peasants and Mexican poems who live
on less than $3.50 week. In the East
Indies native may subsist on less than
for whole year. His wardrobe is not
heavily stocked He does not care to
obscure the handiwork of nature. He
has no foolish and expensive fads about
waistcoats to crafty. 1t costs nothing
to have his trousers creased. He lives
ON the bounty of nature, unless he hap
pen to be in the famine district. But
why should the Social Economics Club
discuss such question in America,
Where the ambition is always to I'M
prove the standard of living? 1t may
be there are young men and young
women working their way through our
colleges aud universities who are try
ing to live on $3.50 per week. If they
are, they are obtaining an education
at fearful cost. Society is not in need
of highly developed mentalities in
starved bodies. The kind of "educa-
ton" that is obtained at the expense of
the physical powers can be of little ben
eft in the long run. Happily we are
approaching an era of hygienic sanity
when the habit of starving the body to
nourish the brain is being vigorously
discouraged. Young men and women
are being impressed with the fact that
they are better off without the "educa-
ton" that must be obtained by depriy-
ing the body of needed nourishment.
The highest mental attainment, in fact,
is only possible through a properly
nourished body. The Social Economics
Club should discuss the question, How
| not to live on $3.50 a week."
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1901-05-08

points, allow the water to run out and
spread over the adjacent land. The
water thus released at once begins to
follow the lines of quickest descent,
and in SO doing spreads out over the
ground as it proceeds, dividing into
numerous branches or rills as 1t in
creases It's distance from the opening
in the ditch. To facilitate Its spread
ing and to insure it's thorough applica-
ton TO every portion of the surface the
irrigator follows Its course, and by
means of long-handled shovel guides
1t to every position of the field. This
guiding is done by moving a few
shovelfuls of earth here and there, and
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1901-05-08
pup,N ELECTRICAL DISCOVERIES
They Have Melted Their Finder Several
Hundred Thousand Dollars.

They Have Melted Their Finder Several
Hundred Thousaud Dollars.
The very convincing fact that COM
mercial company has paid Prof. Pupin
several hundred thousand dollars for
his electrical inventions makes one look
forward to practical changes Of great
Importance in long-distance telephon-
ing and ocean cabling, to both of which
these inventions will be applied. Tech
nical description is impossible here. BY
the insertion in the wire or cable Of
special vibration coils the current is
energized, waste of current is prevent
ed, and 1t is said that long-distance tel
ephoning will be possible between
places 5000 miles apart. 1t is even
conceivable that it may become possi-
BILE to talk across, or under, the Attain
tic, when, in some near future, a Pupin-
lied df we may coin the world cable
has been laid. In land telephoning i'm.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1901-05-08
A Map on Tiles.

: A remarkable contrast TO the map in
precious stones which lately astonished
Paris is the railway map on tiles, put
up ut York Station, in England, by the
Northeastern Company. 1t is made o.
white tiles, the lines being marked in
black and burnt sienna. 1t is about
six feet square, and each tile is eight
inches square. The company intends
to have similar maps at all important
stations OH its own system.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1901-05-08

T. " Haa =. 70
lection because one Of her ancestors
spared the life of one Of his forefath.
ers. About the time of the French and
Indian war some of the Penobscots.
who had wandered from Maine to the
st. Lawrence. Joined the Indians under
the French and made a raid Into Eng
lish territory, including an attack on
Ticonderaga. With the English force
was trader from Boston named Cham
berlain, who got into hand-to-hand
conflict with powerful Penobscot In.
dian. In the struggle they clinched,
but the redskin was the better wrestler
md threw the white. Chamberlain
managed to regain his feet and start on
a run, but the Indian overlook him.
and, having picked up club. knocked
Chamberlain down before he could use
his knife. The strength and courage Of
the white evidently won the admira-
tion of the Indian. for us lie stood over
Chamberlain with club in hand the
Penobscot said in English:
II like you. Make you my son. You
good fighter"
Chamberlain was accordingly treated
as n prisoner and was taken to the In
dian village of st. Francis, ON the st.
Lawrence River. While he was permit
ted to roam freely about the village,
the Indians kept watchful eye on
him, and he knew he was n captive. He
learned, however, to like the Indian
life and remained three years. Then in
a fit of inconsistencies lie decided to go
home, but the captor refused to let him
depart. Chamberlain had won the
hears of many Of the squaws by lend.
ing them helping hand In their drudg.
cry, aud some of the maidens Of the
tribe aided him In escaping under cover
of darkness He afterward became a
man of consequence in Boston, and the
university professor Of to-day is one of
his descendants.
The Penobscot Indians in time re-
turned to Maine and settled on the ISL
and In the Penobscot River, which is
still their home. Montague Chamber
lain in the course of his Investigations
discovered that Wah-ta-waso was de-
scended from the Indian who had
taken his ancestor captive ut Ticonder.
oga, and took 1t upon himself to give
her an opportunity to gain an excellent
education. She has had the ADVANTAGE
of common and high schools, and is
now preparing to enter the Harvard
annex next spring. Mr.. Chamberlain
has helped number of the Penobscots
to go to Carlisle. and he has built them
a 1ihr0 On thar iclop,J
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1901-05-08

William Thorpe, of Quantico, Md.
had an abscess in his stomach and was
dying. For some reason the doctors
feared to use the knife. He still read
the papers, however, and kept up his
interest In things human. One day, in
a paper, he saw cartoon that excited
his risibles. Thorpe laughed, ana i'm
mediately stream of blood gushed
from his mouth. The doctor happened
to call just then, and after examining
Thorpe declared that the abscess had
broken, and that the patient would get
well. If anybody says you are going
to die, it always pays to have at least
one good laugh first. Sometimes 1t Jars
a clog out of the internal machinery
and you disgust the prophets by get
ting well. There are lot of people
running around who were doomed to
death by. somebody or other way back
In the COS.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1901-05-08
The Tardy supreme Court.

1t is open to question whether the de-
lay of the United States Supreme Court
in deciding upon the constitutionality
of the Porto Rican tariff is calculated
to win respect for that august tribunal.
The point involved is undoubtedly the
most important that Congress has
given to the court for years. but as
month after month rolls by without n
decision and the insular tariff is main
tanned in operation the feeling is par
donable that so far as the judicial
branch of the Government is concern
ed, 1t seems of little contemporaneous
moment whether the Legislative and
executive branches keep within the
constitution or not.-Providence Jour
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1901-05-08

The heroism of Lieutenant Com
mander Jesse Minis Roper, who lost
his life in the effort to save seaman
of his crew, should not pass unnoticed.
With none of the rewards and incen-
tives of military glory to tempt him,
he deliberately undertook perilous
rescue, and his bravery is not the less
noble that it was manifested in no
spectacular enterprise,