davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1901-12-13
MONROE DOCTRINE.
Should Be Cardinal Foreign Policy Of
the Two Americas.

The true end of every great n free
people should be self-respecting peace, and
and cordial friendship with all others.
Wars between great civilized powers have
become less frequent. Wars with barbar-
GUS peoples come in a different category,
being merely a necessary international po-
lice duty. More and more the civilized
peoples realize the folly of war and are
attaining that intelligent regard for the
rights of Others which will make world
wide peace possible. The peace confer
euce at The Hague gave definite express
sion to this hope. This same peace con-
ference aeequiesced in our statement of the
Monroe doctrine as compatible with the
purposes and aims of the conference.
The Monroe doctrine should be the car
dinal foreign policy Of the two Americas,
trine is a declaration that there must be
10 territorial ACKNOWLEDGEMENT by any nom
American power at the expense of any
American power on American soil. 1t is
not hostile to any nation in the old
world, nor intended to cover aggression
by one new world power at the expense
OF any other. 1t is a step toward univer-
sal peace by securing permanent peace
on this hemisphere. Other influences have
established permanence and independence
of the smaller states of Europe: we hope
to safeguard Independence and perma-
hence for the lesser new world nations.
This doctrine has nothing to do with
the commercial relations of any American
power, save that 1t flows each to form
commercial independence. We do not ask
exclusive commercial dealings with any
American state. We do not guarantee
any state against punishment if it mis-
conducts itself, provided that punishment
does not TAI the form of the acquisition
of territory by any non-American power,
Our attitude in Cuba S sufficient guar
anty of good faith. We have no desire to
secure territory at expense of neighbours.
We wish to work with them that all may
be uplifted together; we hail their mate
rial prosperity and political stability, and
are concerned if any fall into industrial
or political chaos. We do not wish to see
any old world military power on this
continent, or to become a military power
ourselves. The Americas can prosper best
II left to work. out their own salvation.
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1901-12-13
INTERSTATE COMMERCE,
The Act Of 1887 Should Be Amended,
President Saws.

In 1887 was enacted the interstate COM
merce act. The cardinal provisions were
that railway rates should be just and rea-
sonable and that all shippers, localities
and commodities should be accorded equal
treatment. commission was created
with powers to execute the act. That law
was largely an experiment. Experience
has shown tho wisdom of its purposes, but
that some requirements are wrong; GER
tainly the means for enforcement are de-
fective. 1t is alleged that established
rates are not maintained; that rebates are
resorted to-: that these preferences are
usually in favor Of the large shipper;
that they drive gAt Of business the small
er competitor; that while many rates are
too low, many others are excessive; and
that gross preferences are made, affect
ing both localities and commodities. Up
on the other hand, the railways assert
that the law by its very terms tends to
produce many Of tlu,se illegal practices by
scerted action which they claim Is neces-
sary to establish and maintain non-dis-
eliminating rates.
The act should be amended. The rail-
way is a public servant. Its rates should
Gbe just. to and open to all shippers alike.
The government should see to it that
within it's jurisdiction this is so should
provide a speedy, inexpensive and effec-
tive remedy to that end. At the same
time it must not be forgotten that our
railways are the arteries through which
flows. Nothing could be more foolish
than the enactment Of legislation which
would unnecessarily Interfere with the
development and operation of these COM
mercial agencies. The subject calls for
attention. H
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1901-12-13
MERIT M.
Il Should Be Extended to the Phil.
q Ipplnes.

The merit system Of appointments is
as democratic as the common school. 1t
means that where duties are non-political
applicants hould have a fair field and no
favor, each on his merits. Written COM
pet1t1ve examinations offer the only avail
able means in many cases. In other cases,
as where laborers are employed, registra-
ton can be extended. There are places
where written examination cannot be
applied, and others where it offers,
though imperfect, yet the best present
means of getting results.
Wherever conditions have permitted ap-
plication OF the merit system the gain has
been immense. TIL navy yards and postal
service illustrate the gain duo to enforce
ment Of this principle.
I recommend a law which will extend
the classified service to the District Of
Columbia, or enable the president to ex-
tend 1t. Laws for temporary employ
ment of clerks should contain provision
that they be- selected under civil service
law.
1t is important TO have this system ap-
Piled in our insular possessions Not an
office should be filled In the Philippines
or Porto Rico with regard to political. So
cial or personal influence; heed should be
paid to absolutely nothing save character,
capacity and needs of the service.
The administration of these Islands
should be as free from partisan politics
as the army and navy. We ask the public
servant in the Philippines or Porto Rico
to honor his country by the way he makes
that country's rule q eneit to peoples
under It
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1901-12-13

This board, by fostering a general staff, is
providing for the official and general rec
ognitton Of our altered conditions as a
nation and Of the true meaning of a great
war fleet. which meaning Is. first, the best
men, and, second. the best ships.
The naval militia forces are state or
Eanizations, trained for coast service, and
IN wal will constitute the inner line of
defense. They should receive hearty en-
enlargement.
But We should provide a national naval
reserve. under the navy department sub
Ject to call Of the chief executive. 1t
should ofIer material for manning ships
in war. It should be composed Of grad
yates Of the naval academy. nava mill
tia, officers and crews OF coast-liae
steamers. l~ongshore schooners, fishing
vessels and steam yachts, with the coast
population about as life saving stations
and light houses.
ne American people must either main
tam an adequate navy or accept a sec
ondary position in internationa affairs,
political and commercial. There is no
surer way Of counting national disaster
armed"
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1901-12-13

useful by engineering works Of another
KIND. The storing of the floods in reser-
Voirs Is but an enlargement Of our pres
ent policy of river control.
Arid Land Reclamation.
The reclamation of arid public lands
presents a different problem. The object
Is to dispose Of the and TO settlers who
Will build homes. Water must be brought
within their reach.
The 7neerS on the arid public domain
chose ZONES along streams from which
they could themselves divert water. There
remain vast areas Of public land which
canals impracticable for private enter
! Use. These works should be built by the
government. The cost should so far as
p%rossible be repaid by the land reclaimed.
left to the settlers, in conformity with
state laws. The national government
SHOULD aid irrigation in such manner as
will enable the people to help themselves
and stimulate refarms in state laws gov
erning irrigation.
The reclamation and settlement Of the
arid lands will enrich every portion of
our country. just as the settlement Of the
OHIO and Mississippi valleys brought pros
perity to the Atlantic states. The neces-
sary foundation has already been laid. 1t
much, for a great deal will doubtless be
learned by the early efforts, which must
be partly experimental. At the begin
ming the government should make clear
- ~ puLoue ILLS putty Ol iiilcS
of broadcast public interest. There should
be no extravaganza, and the believers in
irrigation. will benefit their cause by see
ing that 1t is free from reckless expendi-
ture.
We are not at the starting point of this
development. Over 200, 900, 900 of private
capital has been expended in irrigation
works, and many million acres reclaimed.
The security and value of the homes
created depend largely on the stability
of titles to water, the majority Of these
rest on the uncerSain foundation of court
decisions In ordinary suits at law. With
few exceptions the arid states have failed
to provide for the certain and just divi-
sion Of streams in times of scarcity. Who
ever controls a stream practically controls
the land. Private ownership of water
apart from lar cannot prevail without
enduring wrong. The recognition of sue
ownership should give way to recogni-
tion of the rights of the public. Granting
perpetual water rights to others thai
users. without compensation to the pub
TIC, is open to all the objections which ap-
ply to giving away perpetual franchises
to the public utilities of cities.
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1901-12-13
MERCHANT MARINE,
"A Practical Endorsement of Subsidy
LEGISLATION.

The condition Of the American mer7
chant marine calls for immediate remedial
action by congress. 1t is discreditable that
our merchant marine should be insig-
nlticant in comparison to nations which
we overtop in other business. To remedy
this state of things would build up our
shipping, benefit all interested in the per-
manent establishment of q wider market
and provide an auxiliary force for the
navy. Ships work for their own coun-
tries as railroads work for their terminal
points. 1t Is unwise for the United States
TO rely upon the ships of competing ma
tons for distribution OF our goods. 1t
should be made advantageous to carry
American goods In Amerlcan-built hip
At present American shipping is under
great disadvantages in competition with
foreign countries. Many of the fast for
elgn steamships are subsidized; the orig
maj cost Of American ships is greater
than abroad: the wages paid American
officers and seamen are higher thar those
OF foreign competing countries, and the
standard Of living on our ships is far su-
perior to that on ships Of our commercial
rivals. Our government should take such
ACTION as will remedy these inequalities.
The American merchant marine should be
restored to the ocean.
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1901-12-13
WILL NOT BE v
Hanson County Seat VIII Remain at
rr1 Up "T Alexandria.

Alexandria,, S. d., Dec. 7.-Immediate-
ly following the destruction Of the
our house by fire, October G, he
county commissioners convened Tor
the purpose Of issuing notice of eleG-
ton to vote on bonding the county 70
rebuild the building. They were pre-
scented with q petition containing the
names of geo, qualified voters OF the
county praying that the question Of re-
moval Of the capital of the county
from Alexandria to Fulton be submit
ted to vote at the next general cleo
ton. o.
The $50 petitioners, being fifty more
than a majority of the voters Of he
county the commissioners were bound
to c~ountenance the same asking only
line sufficient to satisfy themselves of
the genuineness Of the signatures and
qualifications of tie petitioned by over
400 of those who had signed the first
asking that their names be
stricken from the former petition on
the grounds h a their signatures had
been obtained through gross misrep-
resentation by the solicitors.
Fulton Is q small unincorporated
town In Jasper township on the Omaha
railroad, having a couple of stores,
and perhaps fifty Inhabitants. The
move was inaugurated to antagonize
the people of the north part OF the
county against Alexandria and incl
dentally to boom The sale Of town lots
in Fulton, promising as q principal
inducement that the citizens of Fulton
would build, equip and present to the
county a complete set of county build
ingS free Of cost. Z sd
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1901-12-13

The consular service is under a law
passed In 1856. inadequate to existing con-
d1tfons. The reorganization of the service
Is commended Several bills providing
for a new consular service have been
submitted to congress-, based Upon the
be made only after @ test of fitness, pro-
motions governed by trustworthiness,
adaptability and zeal, and tenure unaf-
fected by partisan considerations.
Our expanding foreign m pro-
lection of American citizens In foreign
countries and maintenance Of the dignity
of the nation abroad, make essential thai
our consuls be men of character, knowl-
edge and enterprise. The service Is now,
in the main. efficient. but cannot be per.
manently maintained until the bills here
Into lava.
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1901-12-13
NEW INDIAN POLICY.
The Present Tribal System Should Be
Broken Up.

We should recognize the Indian as an
individual and not as a member of q
tribe. Tho general allotment act is a
mighty pulverizing engine to break IN
the tribal mass. Under 1t some &C, 600 In
dams have become citizens. We should
now break up the tribal funds; they
should be divided into individual hold
ings. A stop should be put upon the per-
mission to lease allotlnents. Effort should
be to make the Indian work his own
ground. The marriage laws should be the
some as Of the whites.
Education should be elementary and
largely Industrial. The need OF higher
education among Indians is limited. On
reservations care should be taken to suit
Indian. There Is no use attempting to
induce agriculture in a country suited
only for cattle raising, where the Indian
should be made a stock grower. The ration
system promotes beggary and pauperism.
We are doing all we can to save our own
Indians from the liquor evil. Wherever
by international agreement this can be
attained where we do not possess exclu-
slve control, effort should be made to
bring it about.
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1901-12-13
FORESTS ANDIRRIGATION.
The National Government. Should
Promote Both.

The department Of agriculture during
the past fifteen years has accomplished
results OF real value in u%pbuilding domes-
tic and foreign trade. It has gone into
new fields until it is now in touch with
all sections of our country and with two
of the island groups that nave lately come
look to agriculture as a livelihood. :
Public opinion throughout the United
States has moved steadily toward'a just
whether planted or natural. The preser-
walton of our forests is an imperative
necessity. Whatever destroys the forest,
except to make way for agriculture,
threatens our well-being. 81
The practical usefulness Of the national
forest reserves has led to a widespread
demand for their protection and extern
sion. The forest reserves will be of great
er use in the future than In the past.
AT present the protection Of forest re-
serves rests with the general land office,
geological survey and the preparation of
plans for their conservative use with the
bureau of forestry, which is also charged
try. These various functions should be
united In the bureau OF forestry. The
present diffusion Of responsibility Is bad
from every standpoint: The scientific
the department of agriculture. The pres
5tdent should have by law the power OF
transferring lands for use as forest re-
serves to department Of agriculture.
Certain forest reserves should also be
preserves for wild forest creatures. All
b reserves should be better protected
from fires. The Increase n.deer, elk and
other animals In the Yellowstone park
shows what may be expected when moun-
tain forests are protected. Some of the
forest reserves should afford perpetual
to the native fauna and flora,
Ravens of refuge to, wild animals of the
larger kinds and free camping grounds
for men mi women. VI.
forests are natural reservoirs. By
NaSfrnf int q fha rEfraq m q in fDnd and ra-
plenishing them in drought they make
possible the use of waters otherwise
wasted. Forest conservation is therefore
essential condition Of water conserya-
ton.
The forests alcsa4cannot, however, fully
conserve the waters of the arid region.
Great storage works are necessary to
eaualize the flow and to " flood wa
tiers. Their construction is an. undertake.
fng too vast for private effort. Nor can
ut be best accomplished by the states. 1t
III national function. It is as right for
the national government to make streams
useful for water storage as to make them
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1901-12-13
R0OsEyELT's
MESSAGE read
Continued from Page 81
Continued from Page 2.)

own industries and labor, or the use Of
which will be of benefit to us.
we should maintain the high level Of
present prosperity. We nave reached the
point where we are not only able to sup
ply our own markets but to produce a
growing surplus for market abroad. To
ties where they are no longer needed for
protection, or where the article is not pro-
dueed here and the duty is no longer nee
essary for revenue, as giving US some
Htnlng TO offer in exchange for what we
ASK. Cordial relations with other ma
lions will be promoted.
The development for reciprocity will be
IN connection with productions which no
LONGER require all of the support once
needed, and with those others where we
are beyond the reach of successful COM
to the reciprocity treaties laid before it
by my predecessor.
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1901-12-13
GOLD ACTS
Time Has Proved Its Wlsdom-Rev-
enue Reduction.

The act Of March IA, 1900, intended un-
equivocally to establish gold as the stand
ara money and to maintain at a parity
Herewith all forms of money in use with
us. has been timely and judicious. The
price Of our government bonds is a flat
tering tribute to our public credit. There
seems need of better safeguards against
the ~deranging. influence Of commercial
crises and panlcs. Moreover, the currency
OF the country should be made responsive
TO the demands of our domestic trade
commerce.
The collections from duties on imports
n internal taxes continue to exceed the
ordinary expenditures of the government,
thanks mainly to the reduced army ex-
penditures. Care should be taken not to
reduce revenues so there will be possible
lily of deficit; but, after providing against
any such contingency, means should be
adopted which will bring the revenues
within the limit of needs. The fact that
national needs forbid us to be niggardly
should make us doubly careful to hus-
band our national esource by avoidance
OF Wasteful or reckless expenditure,
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1901-12-13
UP FOR N YEAR.
w. A. WItte Pays Penalty for Forging
Others Names. Il

Sioux Falls, T.. d, Dec. w. A..
Witte was yesterday sent to the peni-
tertiary for one year by Judge Jones
for forgery. White is about % years of
age. He married q. Miss Frink in this
city about three months ago. The
young man becoming hard UP forged
the names Of two prominent German
farmers to notes which he attempted
to sell. He was allowed to plead guilty
to forgery in the fourth degree and
thus got off with but one year. This
Is his first %offense.
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1901-12-13
The BU7 VMAkERs
CONCrtDE,f SESSIONS
..@ IN,
Beneficial DiscussionNSat tn
Annual Conventic'G at
Huron, S. D. by ~.
THE SCORES RECORDED
w. A. Witte, Of Sioux Falls, Sentenced
to ~Penitentiary for Forgery
General News OF South
Dakota.

Huron, S. D.. Dec. THE eleventh
annual convention of the South Dakota
Dairy and Buttermakers' association
closed here yesterday. The attendance
was not as great as anticipated, but
the deliberations were interesting
throughout, and will redound to the
benefit of the industry in South Dakota
and neighboring states.
Topics discussed included n PAPER on
dairying, by Prof. Y. l.. Hacker of ST.
Anthony, Mimi: hand separators re-
ceived the especial attention Of A. II.
overhead. of Highmore; forage crops
of South Dakota vas the subject OF a
paper by Prof. D.. A. Saunders of the
State Agricultural colleges: the cream
cry as a developing agency was consid-
cred by Colonel John H. King of HUI.
rom; John Armstrong of DeSmet,
talked learnedly OF the dairy laws Of
this state: the skim station was pre-
sented by M. l.. Haley of Woonsocket;
refrigeration was the subject consid-
cred by l.. Griffith of DeSmet; and a
paper on agriculture, by r. A. Pearson,
assistant chief of the dairy depart
ment. Washington, d. c., was present.
ed and thoroughly discussed.
The exhibits of creamery supplies,
n the attendance of commission men
was unusually large. Forty-three en-
tries for prizes for butter were made.
Inc scoring was very close. The Judges
were j, s. Moody and B. D. White Of
st. Paul, and their work was highly
appreciated. Below is the score of each
entry:
Name and Address. Score.
George Miller, Nora, S. D.............96 .
w. Anderson, Erwin. d. .95k
Ray. Colwell, Alexandria,. ............9
Louis Brun, VerdOn. .95
P. %. Rubendall, La Dele. .............95
Felix Mortenson, Lake Preston......9i1a
VIM. Christensen, OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES
J., o. Stranne, Mission Hill. ............94 +
Thomas V~andervelde. Big Stone City. so
A. p. Rygge, Milbank
M. l.. Haley, Woonsocket.. ..........94
Willis 1bSen, Irene. ,93Ha
c. s.. Payne. Webster. .9S54
n. M. Jenson,- Conde........"....n....931a
o.. l.. Distad, De Smct. ...............9 3Ha
A. I. lessen, Doland.
:. p. Swanson, Marindahl...,.-.......93tt s
Robert Bless, Hecla. .92M
T.. L. Ten Eyck, .S9h
Will CLEVELAND, Willow Lalse.,,"..~..9 S
l. e.: Arthur, Bristoi.
C. 7. McGilvra, Armour
d. q. Chaplin, Hitchcock ............N
c.. c. Lengenfelter, Aberdeen. ..........8
A. W. Burnham, Aberdeen. .....,.......9G
/. w. Liddle, lroquois.
Peter Nielsen, Tulare. ..............:. 81
M, 8. Trautman, Pukwana..............92Es
NJ. f. Meyers, BIZ
Carl Hammerberg, Hanson.:.....,......R a
G. B.. Thompson,
A.. Gloege, Scotland. .9S3
J. II. Brockway, Alpena.................g
M. Larson, Spring .93k
Louis A. Wheaton, Perkins........"..,.s9A
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1901-12-13
Death OF Victoria,
Footprints Made 10000 Years Acc.

New York World: Penn Yam, N. y
Carlton Wheeler, a geologist, has dis
covered the footprint of a prehistoric
animal apparently resembling an ape.
1t is 3 by 7 inches In size and was
found Embedded in slate near the shore
Is the imprint Of five toes with two
large joints in each. The bottom Of the
foot was apparently covered with hair.
From geological calculations the i'm
preston was made not less than 10, 900
years ago.
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1901-12-13

the Pacific, gulf and south Atlantic states,
1t would greatly benefit other sections.
I am glad to announce that negotiations
on this subject with Great Britain have
resulted in a treaty which if ratified
will enable us to begin preparations for a
canal at any time, and which guarantees
to this nation every right that 1t has aver
asked. The old Clayton-Bulwer treaty is
abrogated. The United States alone shall
build and safeguard the canal and regu-
terms of equality.