Arizona republican., 1901-10-20

closely connected with the president than any other executive department" The earlier duties of the department were varied, and it is almost forgotten now that 1t took the first census of the United States, the enumeration bein.s made by United States marShals. and requiring nine months.
 Jefferson's salary as secretary of state was S3.5O0 a year. The salary was raised to 5000 in 179O, to s6,0OO in 1919. to $S,OOO in 1853, and to SlO.OOO in 1873. The following year. however. it was reduced to the present figure, sS.OOO. An assistant secretary was pro vlded for in 1853.
 Mir. Michael gives brief but valuabl. biographies of all the secretaries, from Livingston to Hay. and of all the pres ent officials of the department. together with history of the different bureaus into which the department is divided. Perhaps the most interesting part Of his volume is the record. all too brief. of some of the achievements of the de- partment.
 The following extract is taken from this portion of his book:
 Tt was under the old department Of foreign affairs that the treaty of peace with Great Britain was negotiated in 17S3. and the United States became a free and independent state. With Thomas Jefferson as president. James Madison as secretary of state and Rob ert R. Livingston and James Monroe as their agents in Paris. the territory of Louisiana was bought in 1903. an1 our domain was extended beyond the Mississippi river to the Pacific ocean. In 1923. when Monroe was president. John Quincy Adams, the secretary of t.a fn n- ments the doctrine which more thal seventy years afterward Secretary Olney informed Lord Salisbury 'cour- | aReouSly declared not merely that EC- rope ought not to interfere in American affairs. but that any European power doing would be regarded as antago- nizing the interests and inviting the. opposition of the United States
 Tn 1S4s the department negotiated the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. which 1 terminated the war with Mexico. and added an enormous territory to ou- southern and, western boundaries. In 1866 William H. Seward. having in mind the doctrine of Monroe. demand ed the departure of the French army 1 from Mexico and restored the govern ment of that country to its people.
 Tn 1867 Secretary of State Seward negotiated the purchase of Alaska.
 Tn 1S42 Hawaii applied to the Uni.- ed States for recognition. Secretary oi State Webster defined the attitude oi | this government toward the Sandwich islands by declaring that the United States would oppose to the last ex- tremity their seizure by any power, ana that we would respect their independ- ence. The assertion of this purpose by the department of state compelled kEngland in lSI5. and France in 1851 and Russia at Il later date. to relaS their seizure of those islands. Secrs- taries Webster. Legare. Clay. Sewarf and Blaine all asserted this attitude o our government.
 A treaty was negotiated by Secrc- tary Foster. agreed upon by both par ties. and sent to the senate by Presi- dent Harrison February I4. 1893. Tn. treaty was withdrawn by President Cleveland. President Mckinley re- vived the question. and q treaty wa ratified by both parties. ana annexa- ton consummated September 16. 1898 which affected the absorption of ths Sandwich islands into the domain o the United States.
 In 1898 the treaty of Paris was com pleted under the direction of the d. partment of state. and by which Port, Rico and the Philippine islands be. came q part of the possessions of tn, United States"
 Mir. Michael concludes his sketci with the remark that the mission O. the department is one of peace. T., diplomatic agents uphold the hono and dignity of the nation in the famil, of nations by peaceful means" Thi, generalization, as all generalizations is not entirely true. As q nation, tn United States has had a very warlik, history, and in Mexico, in Hawaii, II Venezuela and elsewhere it has en forced peace by showing it's readiness to unsheath the sword.
 A DEAD FIREMAN