davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1901-10-05

wonders for the range Of subject covered
Here Is sample: If you are in trouble
see Blank the money king He has barrels
OF money to loan. He owns mines, sells
town sites, operates steamboats, and stage
lines, builds houses to order, and promote es
all kinds of enterprises. He sells diamonds.
dogs. dishes-everything If you want to
borrow. buy, sell. lease or trade. see
Blank" The richest man in Alaska who
has made his money in trade fs b. M.
Behrends, the merchant banker of Juneau.
He came to the country poor young man
in 1855 began clerk in a store owned
by John G. Brady, the present governor
of Alaska, and worked his way up until
he Is now the merchant prince of the
country.
The chances for young men to engage in
trade In Alaska are still abundant The
da1ryman at Juneau is getting rich The
gardener made $4,000 this season from a
ltue two-acre patch of ground, despite the
1act that there are great number of
vegetables that will not thrive in this
locality. Tomatoes will not mature. The
vines thrive well, but will not produce
fruit. Cabbages grow until they become
immense in size, but the heads will not
get hard. Potatoes grow out of the ground
and are not palatable. Corn, squash, beans
and cucumbers viii not grow on account of
the excessive moisture and cool nights
Nearly everything else In the way of vege-
tables can be produced in large quantities
With the exception of few kinds of ber-
ries which grow wild. and that which is
imported, there is no fruit to be had in
Alaska. There seems to be no possibility
Evening star., 1901-10-05

and prospector in Alaska This veteran
some months ago procured the loan of a
reindeer from one of the mission stations
ana upon this deer he packed his tent
blankets, provisions and tools for the snyn
her prospecting, After a brief expe-
rience with his new assistant he declared
teams. A' N'e
Behave Like Bronco..
Inc breaking of a reindeer is only slightly
less exciting than the same operation I'm the
case OF bronco on the western plains
"hen the deer is lassoed, the loon being
.hrown over the antlers he often becomes
ihIurlated, and, rising upon his hind legs.
strikes out viciously with his forefeet II
is then in order for the man to beat a
ha ~, retreat. t watching his opportunity
ne runs In, seizes the horns, one in either
hano, and dexterously throws the deer unon
his back He lies passive When once
Gown the animal Immediately gives up the
struggle. halter is fastened on his head
and with long rope or strip of untanned
ieather made fast to moss hummock he
Is allowed TO ram and jerk for several days
uIltl ne nnds out what IL is to be fastened.
NOW comes the most difficult task of all
that of harnessing him. Generally n is
necessary to throw the animal before the
harness can be put in place. When the deer
nnds that he is fastened in a new uay
Ieels the tug rubbing against his legs ana
the pressure upon his shoulders he makes
ms greatest demonstrations and most fer
fihc struggles Tor liberty. This perform
ance Is continued for days and finally the
deer is driven for miles at a time until
ne becomes thoroughly accustomed to his
driver, harness and sled. Once broken 10
harness he is docile, intelligent and pos
sessed of indomitable pluck and endurance.
Are Alaskan Heroes
Reindeer have been the real heroes of
the most thrilling enterprises in the his
tory of Alaska. One was the CARRYING Of
reilef supplies to the destitute miners I'm
the Yukon valley when untold hardships
and privations were endured I'm driving
across an unknown wilderness without
roads or trails or guides. The reindeer
We're frequently stampeded by wolves ard
mountain lions, but in the end they ac-
compIshed journey which could not
possibly have been made with either dogs
or horses. In conjunction with the rev
enue cutter Bear-which vessel, by the WAY
has been employed more extensively than
any other in the transportation OF rein
deer-three hundred deer carried supplies
IN the famous relief expedition to the whal-
ers Imprisoned in the ice near Point Bar
row. In this case the overland Journey ex-
ceeded 1,5o0 miles in length.
Evening star., 1901-10-05

destroy the reindeer herds, but the herders
were armed and had strict orders to fire
upon any dog interfering with a herd, and
after a number of meGdlesome dogs had
been shot down this source of annoyance
disappeared almost altogether. A few rein
deer are killed each year by wolves.
A Colony of Lapps.
Even more expert than the Siberians in
the care and training of reindeer are the
natives of Lapland. Accordingly, a score of
full-blooded Lapps have been induced by
liberal offers, to migrate to Alaska, where
they form a little colony With them have
come number of their dogs, remarkably
intelligent animals, who not only herd and
guard the reindeer, but also assist IN tram
Ing and breaking them to harness. The
dogs are very courageous and will fight
wolves, mountain lions or any other beast
of prey that may attack the herd Any
of the LappS may, upon application to the
government, have the loan of 100 head of
reindeer for an interval of from three To
five years, at the end of which time the
borrower returns the 100 head of deer to
the government, retaining the increase as
his private property. It is significant that
nearly every one of the Lapps has hastened
to take advantage of this offer. The gov
ernment has given, loaned or sold herds of
reindeer to mission stations all over Alaska
The reindeer has also been introduced as
a pack animal One of the pioneers in this
movement was Hank Summers, who for
nearly score of years has been a miner
Evening star., 1901-10-05

| this claim the death rate is very small,
| there having been only four deaths OF res
idents from December i, 1900 TO July 1,
| 1901, and only eight Tor the year elioll's
June 80, 1900
Juneau IS very enterprising. She wants
to be the capital of Alaska, and presents
a very strong case to support her conteh,
ton. 1t is claimed that SultorS ana lanu
applicants living the main line or traVel
In southea tern Alaska are forced to leave
their homes and occupations and journey
to Sitka all the way from 100 to 4oo miles,
and If unable to transact their business
/ during the few hours the steamer is In port
they must remain two weeks until the re-
turn of the only steamer making the reg
ular run to that place. The time consumed
in a round trip fl ON Juneau and Wrangel
to Sitka, ali the way from 100 to 400 miles,
the fare Is $40 to $50, respectively, which
expense must be paid by the litigant every
time his attorneys presence at the seat of
the court is necessary. There are instances
quoted where important claims had to be
filed at Sitka within a time limit, and there
being no steamer bound that way, special
ones had to be chartered at an expense OF
$500 each.
The following statistics. which were COM
piled by the Daily Alaska Dispatch, were
presented to Congress by a committee to
show the commercial Importance of Juneau
| and vicinity, compared with other points
in Alaska: Number of actions at law and
| in equity filed in the United States district
court in 1901-Juneau, 612; other points, 2S5.
Amount of license paid under Alaska tax
| law-Juneau, s43, 1876; other points, s34,3s6.
| Applications for public land patents-Ju-
neau, 80; others, -.
/ AS a result of this showing Juneau was
declared the capital, on condition that she
| provide suitable grounds and buildings,
which up to the present time she has been
| unable to do.
| Is the Logical Capital.
| Valdes is said to be the logical capital of
| Alaska, and if the proposed all-American
| railroad is built from that point to Ea gle,
| the capital question in Alaska may take on
! a different aspect. There is one of the
| richest copper belts on the globe in the
| Valdes country, and many of the best-post-
| ed men in Alaska predict that when this
| field is developed Valdes will become the
| metropolis of the territory.
| The banks report that there has never
| been failure in Juneau. Most of the busi-
! ness men are prosperous, and some of them
| are wealthy. Trade is brisk in all lines
! and moves with the characteristic frontier
| swing. The bargain hunter is conspicuous
| by his absence. People buy what they
| want and pay the price asked. There is
| no quibbling or dickering, and the pur-
] chaser is seldom taken advantage of. The
| eight newspapers of Alaska are We'll filled
| with advertisements, some of which are
Evening star., 1901-10-05
A Great Mine Fire.

Quebec Letter to Chicago Record Herald
One of the greatest fires in history-a
subterranean conflagration which has al.
ready been raging for over twenty years
is causing renewed interest in the coal min.
ing districts of Nova Scotia All efforts 10
circumvent the flames have proved i,1iitless
and hope is now practically abandoned
The scene of the disaster is near the min
ing town of New Glasgow, in the peninsula
province, down by the sea, and the fire
originated in 1880. 1t is burning in a rich
seam of coal thirty feet thick, aud in a
mine which has a shaft 1000 feet deep.
The problem of eXtinguishing the flames Is
no nearer solution than ii was twenty-oue
years ago. Water has been let in, hut the
fire is above the sea level and the ex-
pensive work of flooding has had no effect
After many futile efforts to eNtinguisI
the fire the engineers directed their efforts
toward devising plans for circunlventiny
it and reaching the coal still intact To
that end all approaches leading to the
fire and all the neighboring workings were
driven lower down. But every plan so far
devised has proved a failure. The sil-con-
quering fire has broken through. and every
new work has been reluctantly abandoned
Evening star., 1901-10-05

make them. Early on the fifth day out the
reindeer team caught up with the slower
of the dog outfits, in stretch of soft, drift
ed snow. In this the dogs had been be-
mired, and their desperate f1ounderings had
so weakened them that they Were making
but little progress. The powerful reindeer
plowed through the drifts with little diff
Guilty. That afternoon they passed the sec
ond dog team. The Lapp brought his mail
into the terminus, rested his deer thirty
hours started on the return trip, and fifty
miles out met the foremost of his compet-
itors Even more remarkable was a mail
trip of 1240 miles through a trackless will
derness made by reindeer, the teams maxi
ing as high as 40 miles day under the
most favorable conditions. Now that the
value of these animals has been fully es-
tablished the United States has entered
upon new and curious field of industry.
and has become an importer and breeder of
stock, and will bring in the next few years
thousands of reindeer into its northSrnward
possession. There are now in Alaska eight
herds, comprising about $500 head. BY
January this number will be increased
through importation to more than 5000
head.
Bought by barter.
Getting possession of these draught
horses of the northland is by no means an
easy matter. In the first place, money will
not buy them. 1t will not buy anything
in that part of Siberia where the finest
reindeer are found, for the simple reason
that the Siberian is too practical minded
Evening star., 1901-10-05
Cocoon, Cacao and Coca.

From the New Orleans Times Democrat
Speaking of confusion in the use Of
words" said visitor 10 the city from Mic
aragua,> Il read a story some time ago
which was credited to a physician and l
was impressed with the belief that he was
either misquoted or that he had gotten
slightly mixed in his botany. He was talk
ing about coca, cocaine, coco-colas and
things of that sort, and he attempted To
straighten out some of the popular errors:
but instead of doing so he made matters
worse. Now, am engaged in the business
of cacao planter, near San Carlos, and I
believe / ought to know something about
the business. Cacao is one thing cocoa ID
another, and coca is stiL another Cocoa
is the ordinary coccsr"t. Cocoa is NOT
made from the seed III the chocolate tree
but chocolate is 4i&Ie from the seed Of tha
cacao, the broma cacao. It is a rather
curious fact that this word cacao ia
invariably spelled incorrectly in nearly
all advertisements. Any good botanical
dictionary Will show you the differ
ence between cocoa, the cocoanus
palm; cacao, the broma cacao and
coca, the cocaine shrub. Yet these words
are commonly confused and misspeled in
newspapers and other advertising mediums,
and the members of the medical profess
sion, it seems, are not exempt from tha
same mistakes. They are separate things,
with separate properties, and are put Ia
separate uses"
Evening star., 1901-10-05

the beast would not survive a sea voyage
but the first experiment showed that they
throve on it, and large expectations from
Siberia followed.
At first the whites in Alaska were not
successful in handling the animals. They
are scarcely comprehensive by the Cau-
casian. The reindeer is easily frightened
and easily offended, and it is impossible to
tell how he will behave in either case
Sometimes he will rush at the offending
person and strike him down with his sharp,
powerful forehooves, or endeavor to rip
him open with a quick descent of his for
nidable antlers. Again, he will balk, sulk
and even pine away. Between the Siberian
and the reindeer there exists a sort of af-
finty; the animal will obey his accustomed
master when a white-Skinned man can DO
nothing with him. So number of herderS
were brought over from Siberia, and young
Alaskan Eskimos put under them to learn
the business. The Alaskan natives have
taken the greatest interest in the intro
duction of the reindeer, and on many occa-
sions delegations have travelled from 300
to 400 miles to inspect a herd. which is
looked upon as opening a new avenue of
wealth for them. For time it was feared
that the Alaskan dogs. unless checked,
would manifest disposition to scatter and
Evening star., 1901-10-05
Proved Superiority of Uncle Sans
Reindeer Mail Carriers.
DOGS WERE BEATEN BY THREE DAYS
lapp Drivers Understand the AMI
NAL Thoroughly
HAS ENDURANCE AND PLUCK

Written for The Evening Star
Since the discovery and exploitation Of
the gold mines in the far northwest of the
continent has scattered over the interior of
Alaska small and far-divided settlements
of American citizens, the problem of the
government has been to establish and pre-
serve the usual lines of communication. 1t
has been principle of the Post Office De-
partment that wherever there is an Ameri-
can settlement on American soil there shall
be mail service. But the carrying out of
this principle was beset with astounding
difhculties in country where for half of
the year all trails are blotted out of exist
ence by ten feet of snow. Horses are abso-
lutely useless under such circumstances
Dog teams were tried with only partial
success. Sometimes they reached their des-
tination with the precious mail bags safely
and on time More often they were days
or even weeks late Sometimes they didn't t
come at ALL At the best, the system was
not a success. The government cast about
for a substitute for the dog and hit upon
the reindeer.
At first the idea was hailed with derision
by the klondikers; Reindeer couldn't do
the work, they declared. The animals
couldn't get through the unstable Alaskan
snow drifts. They would fall an easy prey
to wolves and mountain lions. They would
hill tii6I1lSelVeS WITH the OrleU, poison grass
that grows along the mountain passes No
white man could manage them They
would balk, they would kick, they would
tire out, lie down and die, and so on, to
limitless eXtents of criticism. All of which
was based on the rather unsatisfactory re-
suits of an importation of reindeer several
years before Having once become in
terested In project, the government is not
easily discouraged by criticism. A test was
determined upon and the outcome forever
established the pre-eminence of the rein
deer for arctic mail delivery.
No Roads or Trail.
A reindeer team with a Lapp driver was
selected to carry one of the mail bags over
the Nome route, and to return with the
outgoing mall the round trip being about
500 miles. Two days before the reindeer
started three well-equipped dog teams
started. The route lay through a country
without road or trail, and the conditions
were harsh as heavy snow falls could
Evening star., 1901-10-05

for the fruit-growing industry.
Juneau has come to be quite shipping
point for fish. During the summer ten to
fifteen tons of halibut are shipped every
week, and during the season sometimes as
high as $50 tons are sent to southern and
estern cities. Large quantities go as far
the highest priced fish in the market.
The first fish to run in the spring
are the Alaska herring. They commence
coming into the small streams and inlets
about the last of February or the first of
March, during which period they are
caught in large quantities. The manner
of taking them differs The Indians go out
in their canoes just at dark with torches
and lanterns. The fish, attracted by the
light, come around the canoes in such
great numbers that the waters seem liter
ally alive with them. Each Indian has a
pole studded with sharp nails which he
sweeps through the mass of fish in the
water and brings up from a dozen to
twenty at every stroke. The white fisher
man, instead of impaling the fish on the
nall-studded poles, uses the modern dip
net and takes them so rapidly that one
man can easily fill an average sized row.
boat in fifteen minutes. The salmon come
later, and there are several varieties, all
famed for Individual excellence. The SAL
mon bring the fisherman the best returns,
and although taken in the most wholesale
manner, the supply does not seem to be
decreasing in the least.
The numerous streams and great water
ways of Alaska form an ideal feeding
ground for myriads of small fish. upon
which the larger ones feed, and while the
rich mineral fields and vast forests will in
time become exhausted, the fisheries seem
destined to endure for all time. While this
fact is generally conceded. still the trend
of nearly all effort is in the way of min
Turing charm-about gold hunting that
holds men to 1t above everything else.
There is a cabinet in the office of the Oc-
cidental Hotel at Juneau which contains
Evening star., 1901-10-05
Greatest woman in All History

From the Chicago Tribune
In answer to the question who is the
greatest woman in all history?" put TO 200
Macon county (Mo) teachers, Miss Mamie
Vickroy of Macon made a unique answer.
which was awarded the prize for it's orig
inality. Miss Vickroy passed over Queen
Victoria, Frances Willard. Helen Gould and
other women whose names were the most
popular and declared: 1.-The wife of the Mis-
souri, farmer of moderate means. who does
her own cooking, washing and ironing;
brings up a large family of girls and boys
to be useful members of society, and finds
time for her own intellectual and moral
Improvement is the greatest woman in all
history"
Evening star., 1901-10-05

From the London News.
In a mining center some eighty miles
from Coolgardie in western Australia a
carpenter died and his widow had offers Of
marriage from the doctor who attended tho
deceased, the undertaken. the clergyman
who read the burial service. the local apoth-
ecary who made up the medicines pre-
scribed for the departed and the custodian
of the cemetery where he was inferred;
likewise from about a score of mine man
ayers and miners. She did not accept one
of the suitors and departed for her home
In Melbourne.
Evening star., 1901-10-05
A REINDEER HERD.

to care anything about money. That hard,
cold bit of rounded metal or the fiimsy
green paper that represents so much to
cEllzed man, means nothing to him. For
What ne gives up he wants a return in
OBVIOUSLY utile form; so barter is the only
method of getting his reindeer from him
and bolts of cloth, knives, canned foods and
various utensils must be shipped up there
as medium of exchange. Even then he
parts reluctantly with his domestic animal.
To the Siberian the reindeer is friend,
milch-cow and railroad all in one, when
alive: and hundred other things when
dead. There was general expression that
Evening star., 1901-10-05

specimens Of ore from almost every mile
of territory from Windham bay to Seward
rant the belief that although the district
has already contributed literally to in
creasing the wealth of the world, it can
yet be depended upon for untold millions
FREDERIC j. HASKIN
Evening star., 1901-10-05

style. Such weather in the states would
have caused an utter abandonment of the
festivities, but everything goes in Alaska
rain or shine 3
Death Rate is Small.
1t is claimed that the abnormal moisture
reduces the possibilities of the spread of
disease germs by keeping the soil in con-
stantly saturated condition. In proof of
Evening star., 1901-10-05
Nothing EnviabIe.

From the Chicago News
Jimmy-"We used 10 envy Buddy Short
cause his father was base ball player"
Mickey-"Don't yer envy him now?"
Jimmy-"Weil, i guess nix. We saw his
mother spanking him with one of his faith
er's spiked shoes.
Evening star., 1901-10-05
Molten Wood.
From the London House.

From the London HOUSE,
Molten wood is reported as new inven-
ton discovered by M. De Gall, inspector of
forests at Lemur, France. BY means of
dry distillation and high pressure the es-
cape of developing gases lis prevented,
thereby reducing the wood to molten con-
dition. After cooling off, the mass assumes
the character of coal. yet without showing
a trace of the organic structure of that ma
tcrial This new body is hard, but can be
shaped and polished at will; Is impervious
to water and acids and Is perfect electrf-
cal non-conductor.
Evening star., 1901-10-05

One of the few town studios which have
not been closed this summer is that of Mr.
Carl Gutherz; for though he has made his
home during the hot months in the pictur-
esque country near Rockville, there have
been few days that he has not been at
work on the frieze which he is painting
Daily camera. [volume] (Boulder, Colo.) 1891-1928, 1901-02-13
PEARL STREET, OF COURSE.

The street railway should run on Pearl
street. That is the place for it. Yr, it
is true some OF our people say. There is
no room for it. The street is too crowd
cd, especially on Saturdays" DO they
ever stop 10 think that 10Th street. Den
yer, and Broadway, New York. are some
times as badly crowded as ever our
Pearl street, yet the street cars run and
have plenty of room? 1t is true some
shoppers might now and then get a
glimpse of some store wicdows, and pos
sibly, would wish to stop the Car on the
ne xt corner to 60 back and make a
closer inspection than they could max
from tn. car windows. Yet shutters
could be provided by those who dislike
to make display Of their show windows,
but by all means let US have the Car line
where people can see something Of our
city, the Business streets anyway. No
one will steal it. and since our young at
torney will not give up the Car line. and
insists that the citizens of Boulder must
have it, why not put it where it belongs
As stakeholder, l say Pearl street by
all means. CITIZEN.
Daily camera. [volume] (Boulder, Colo.) 1891-1928, 1901-02-13
Bio R0lV0y
Combine
GOULD GETS IT.
Rio 0rande Part OF a Great SyLtem to the
& lst,

Rio 0rande Part OF n Great SyLtem to the
New York. Feb. I2-Whie President
Jelfery Of the Denver & Rio Grande says
the purchase OF an important interest in
that road does no. impair its ndepend
ence as Colorado railway, Wall street
wise acres wag their heads Significantly
and decl re tina. Gould will merge the
Missouri Pacific, Denvsr & Rio Grande
Missouri. Kansas and Texas, build i'm
portlnt connecting links and then start
an extension of the Rio Grande TO the
coast.
"The great prosperity OF the state Of
Colorado, and its large increasing IN the
output OF the precious metals has at.
uaoted the attention Of investors and
capitalists. among tn, III NJ. George J.
Gould, who has purchased al important
interest in the Denver & Rio Grande,
and who will. On Thursday. enter its
directory for the purpose Ct participating
in the Management, CT the property and
in the further development OF Colorado,
with which he has long been Fe'sonally
identified.
The above words were spoken by
President f. T. Jeff.ry in this city today.