davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1901-01-22

War. famine and pestilence did their
share. and perhaps more. last year in
reducing the population OF the world.
In 1899 the principal military opera
tions were confined TO the Philippine
islands. the Soudan and south Africa.
and the losses in killed and wounded
from these and scattering sources were
4s.l61 Last year the principal opera
tions we're in the Philippine islands.
south Africa. China and Colombia. and
from these the returns OF killed and
wounded are as follows: China. 80 0.sI3:
south Africa, 24.0oS; Philippines. e.62I.
and Colombia. 5l07e. The returns from
China represent not only the results
Of collisions between the Chinese and
the allies, but also the dreadful massa-
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1901-01-22
FARM AND GARDEN.
Some Up-to-Dats Hints About cuitiva-
tion ~ ths SOIL and Yields Thereof
Horticuiturs. xitieulturs and Fiorieui-
tura



We have previously referred to the
desirability Of having plants that are
able to Withstand a higher or lower
temperature than usually supposed
possible for any particular variety We
now cultivate. We have. as a people
long labored under the delusion that
the habitat Of plants is fixed So far as
their power to Withstand adverse cli-
matte conditions Is concerned. In tne
light OF recent experiments. however
we are coming to believe that even our
most serviceable plants may be modi-
fec by proper handling so they will
ultimately be OF great service in tenn
peratures and conditions not now
adapted to them. We have an alfalfa
today that will not stand severe con-
dition Of cold. Recently there has been
imported from Northern Asia an alfal-
ia that can stand up to 40 degrees OF
cold. Without doubt both plants de-
veloped from the same prehistoric
parent and formed characteristics ae-
cording to their conditions.
That this modification, however,
need not cover centuries Of time is per-
haps quite clearly demonstrated by
some experiments that have been car
ried on for ten or fifteen years IN
Switzerland. 1t was determined to
learn If possible II the plants growing
in the Swiss valleys could be made 70
develop and grow on the cold noun
tains. and. II SO. what the modihca-
tions Of the plants would be. Thirty
five orders Of plants, represented BY
about 90 genera and 120 species, were
subjected to the conditions OF the ex-
pertinent. The plan was to divide the
roots or root stalks into equal parts,
plant in the same kind Of SOIL and ex-
pose them to the conditions found at
various stations upon the Alps and
Pyranee mountains. Such changes as
were noted were attributed to more
intense light. a drler atmosphere and
lower temperatures.
Inese plants were found to be modi-
fed both in form and structure ia the
course Of few years. Under the ef-
feet OF the mountain conditions the
underground portions Of the plants be-
came relatively better developed than
the parts above the ground The stems
above the ground in a few years de-
veloped a tendency to hairy growth
and to lie close TO the ground as If TO
escape the cold blasts. They became
more spreading and the internodes be-
came shorter The stems became thick
er. which evidently made It easier for
them to Withstand conditions Of cold.
On the plants Of a woody nature s-e
bark became thicker. The leaves be-
came smaller and more hairy, and took
on a hue OF deeper green. On the 9th
er hand the flowers became relatively
larger and more highly eolored. Per
haps one OF The most interesting facts
brought out was that II a liant that
had been modified by several ears ex-
posure on the mountains were taken
again to the plains, 1t would lose It's
notifications In the same period Of
time il had taken to acquire them.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1901-01-22

Inaealated and unlnoeulatsd sesi&
A German author, A. Caron. spent
considerable time Investigating the ef-
feet Of inoeulating soils with nitrogen
consuming bacteria An estimation
was made Of the abundance OF bacteria
in various soils that had been cropped
with oats. barley and rye. following
wheat. rye and wheat There were
found I5. 2.2 and 27 million bacteria
per cubic eentimeter in the three soils
It was also found that il black fallow.
a fallow on which grass had been ar
lowed to spring up prior to plowlng
under. the number Of bacteria Increases
from spring until autumn. when their
maximum number is TO be found.
investigations were conducted to as
certain the vertical distribution Of soil
bacteria, and it was found that they
decrease with the increased depth of
the soil from which they are taken,
there being six million per cubic cent?
meters at a depth Of eight inches ana
only one and a half million at q depth
Of IL inches, IN this field examined.
Examinations were made Of a field in
which various crops, such as grain.
clover. potatoes, etc. had been grown,
and it was found that where grains
we're grown there was a decrease in the
number Of soil bacteria as the season
advanced while there was constant
increase in the case Of the other crops.
In this the author confirms the obsef-
vations Of others that grain crops do
best when they follow such crops as
legumes, potatoes, etc. or fallow, not
only on account Of the chemical and
physical condition of the soil. but also
on account Of the presence OF greater
numbers of soil bacteria BY the aid Of
which greater amounts Of nitrogen ara
supplied 10 the growing crop.
The author isolated the bacteria from
soils on which wheat and clover had
been grown, end also rom compost.
making numerous pure cultures Of
them. Pot experiments were made TO
test their influence upon the growth
OF oats. The pots were p centimeters
VI - HDpHtAS- At7NitutCf auA All ANN~tf~@
the same fertilizers and treatment. Al
maturity the plants grown In the spots
receiving the bacterial cultures gave as
an average 1916 gm. grain and 29.s
gm. straw. as compared with 1926 and
22.14 gm. from the check pots
In 1893 some field experiments were
undertaken with oats in which tho
seed, prior to sowing. was impgeg
mated With the desired organism by
soaking for some time IN liquid cul-
lures containing II. The Yields oE
grain from inoculated seed and from
seed so treated were in the proportion
OF 100 to 1876. In the autumn the Geld
where the oats had been sown was
plowed and in the spring sown with
mustard The yields Of green forage on
equal portions Of uninoculatea ana
inoculated plants may be represented
by the proportion OF 100 to 1875.
Numerous additional experiments
we're conducted which in ! sry case
gave a higher yield whenever the soil
or culture medium had received an in-
oculation with some form Of soil
bacteria
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1901-01-22

The century lately closed gave US
the age Of steam. One OF the pathfind-
ers in this direction was James Watt
t1TS6-1s1s). In 1863 be constructed the
nrst steam engine that would work
satisfactorily.
Next 10 steam II Is electricity and
Michael Faraday Ci7sl-lS67) may well
be called the first electrician. That
electricity was possessed Of a chemical
quality had not even been suspected
until his experiments in what has
since been known as electrolysis.
John Ericsson uS0S-1sgal was a
competitor or Stephenson in the trial
or locomotives in 1929. but his work
was 10 be connected more with the de-
velopment or locomotion by water than
on land The first vessel 10 which he
applied this original device was the
Princeton in fs43 His place In his
tory win be always connected also
with his conception Of the Monitor
Natural science progressed marvel
ously in these 100 years and Il is to the
mind Of George Cuvier fl76e-1ss2) that
much of Il Is Due Cuvler established
the history Of the animal kingdom IN
the light Of comparative anatomy. and
laid the foundations Of the study OF
prehistoric animal life by his wonder
ful restorations Of extinct species from
single fragments.
Charles Darwin gSo9-lSs2) furnish
"a the key to many problems Of zoo
iogy which had been considered un-
solTable before his time. His work
crowned that Of cuvier
Louis Pasteur lis22-iss51 succeeded
IN solving more than one dimcult prob
lem In chemistry. interesting the
world Of science by his discoveries in
the Geld Of bacterial life. He devised
= method Of filtration Of water which
mas stood the best tests. based as II is
upon solid scientific principles. His
work best known to the public. how
ever. Is his discovery OF the virus BY
which rabies is prevented
Sir Joseph Lister, bern 10 1927. in
1863 suggested the valuable method Of
guarding against danger from the use
Of ehloroform in operations BY noting
the breathing Of the patient
Elias Howe usls-lS61), the inventor
OF the sewing machine. may seem to
have only substituted mechanical slav-
cry for manual. but the possibility OF
cheap clothing arose with his inyen-
ton. and II the machine has been
abused Il IS not the fault OF this most
useful invention.
A discovery which has done much
for science as well as art during the
century IS that Of photography. due to
Louis Jacques Mande Daguerre (1Is7-
1881.
In geography the century's advance
has been extraordinary. The greatest
Of the leaders IN this work was David
Livingstone llSis-iS73l. who began as
a medical missionary 10 Africa and
ended by adding wide areas Of the
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1901-01-22

cres which preceded and followed the
outbreak In various parts of the EN-
pire. Adding to the above the totals
from other parts Of Asia and Africa
and from Mexico. Venezuela, Bulgaria
and Morocco. the total is 1878. as
compared with 4S161 in 1899. Epi-
demic diseases have not been SO de-
structiye OF life as in 1899. The re-
turns for plague are but 20.907. de-
crease or $4,000. while cholera deaths
are put al 10000. an increase Of 5S.000
No accurate estimate has been made
OF the number OF victims Of the Indian
famine The official reports SO Ear as
known foot no 100000. but the actual
number probably greatly exceeds this.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1901-01-22

Nt'H @Nt"f e. tAAtAfe Term D.. i d
o@ sae g. sans iraa aeevsi = seulptare of 81 n.v
HaAshea nf~ph n~uPa after asst aolt nyiapA fe.r,h
aAesi HyapA Aih star.--a sues naturaI si,s. 49,
as-y - sane = - Has sulssssds q greatly nakna.a
may be destroyed in the same manner
as other squash bugs. but one Of the
best methods is trapping. This bug
remains in the field very late. and this
fact makes It the easier to trap it.
This may be accomplished by setting
out few late cueurhits as a trap crop.
After the old vines have been destroyed
the bugs win congregate on the later
plants and here can be more success
fully dealt with. A good way would be
to distribute these trap plants about
the garden patches and set fire to
them when the bugs have congregated
upon them in sufficient numbers. This
could readily be done By throwing upop
the plants dry straw or similar mate
rial and adding a little kerosene.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1901-01-22

.naasaaan
Of course the manufacturers Of the
dust-spraying machines claim complete
success for them. We can but hope
that their claims are true. but win walt
for impartial proof before passing IN
their favor
A Brltish Criticism on war Horses.
James r. Bowman. writing in the
North British Agriculturist on Re
mounts for the Army" says. AS l
am frequently asked as 10 the best pos
slble manner of breeding horses for
the army, I had better reply IN a short
letter to your valuable paper. Good
English saddle horses are best pro-
duced by a half-bred stallion. rather
tall. with a comely and outswelling
forehead. His eyes should be bright
and sparkling, neck well turned. and
issuing high ont OF his breast. with
deep shoulders. broad breast, long,
muscular arm, and short shank. back
short, and ribbed home. glrth large,
and his belly round; his hindquarters
should be bold and muscular, and not
too long in the thigh and leg. he
should 60 light, and bis knee should
be well elevated and advanced during
the trot.
The progeny Of such is exeellently
adapted either for road, saddle. or war
As to brood mares. it should be remem-
bered that the size Of the foal depends
more upon the strength and vigor Of
the dams constitution than the dimen-
sions Of her middlc-piece. Very old
mares are not so fit for breeding as
young ones; and besides, from the de-
cay Of their teeth. they do not Craze
well, and artificial food cannot supply
the foal with nutrition like what is de-
rived from natural resources.
Now, the progeny of this class OF
horses are not the man-traps like those
things which were bought In Cumber
land for military purposes IN South
Africa whatever came Of them-for
they were only death-traps for our
troopers Nor Is this class Of horses
like the undersized weak horses that
were admitted into our regiments Of
light dragons. which rendered them
unable at the battle OF Waterloo to
Withstand the charge Of the French
cavalry
But breeders generally put their
mares to some Informed thoroughbred
stallion, which possesses no recon-
mendation but a pedigree, or perhaps
the winning Of some sweepstake made
for the purpose Many OF these are
badly formed in their legs. and show
evident signs Of bad action by the
sears on their fetlock joints, occa-
stoned by their striking one leg against
the other.
But the comparatively low price
given for a good road horse has, no
doubt, contributed to discourage the
Improvements in this Invaluable breed
therefore the government should take
It IN hand, as 1t Is an object Of great
national importance. as it Affects both
internal intercourse and external de-
Tense. Now. q good no se Is as easy
to Keep as a bad one; and cannot
see why there is a bad one in the best
breeding country in the world,
for EnglisE-bre horses are the finest
and the best the world can produce.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1901-01-22

Dark Continent to the map OF the
world
The nineteenth was a marvellous
century Of marvellous men.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1901-01-22

General o. O. Howard delivered an
recently at the Harvard Street
church. Brookline. Mass The mem
bers Of the local G. A. r. attended in
a body and other G. A. R. men from
Boston and vicinity filled the church.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1901-01-22

It has long been known that air in
the soil is a very important factor IN
the growth OF plants. and that air per
meates the SOL to as great Q depth as
the roots Of most plants. Perhaps with
plants not aquatic the depth to which
the roots can permeate is regulated TO
a considerable extent by the depth q
which the afr penetrates. How. then.
does the air penetrate the soil2 ia
cept under special conditions It does
not depend upon the volume OF the
9eres, but Is influenced primarily BY
the size OF the pores, since the latter
determines almost exclusively the re-
slstance offered to The circulation ot
the air The permeability increases as
this resistance diminIshes. and is
therefore smaller the smaller the soil
particles, and vice versa.
or the different soil constituents ln
the dry state. clay is the least pei
meable to air; and permeability in
ereases generally with the quantity Of
quartz present Soils consisting OF
humus alone, behave, VIXEN dry. sim
ilariy to the coarse-graired sands. In
soils made up OF constituents varying
considerably fror. one another il the
size OF the particles, the permeahility
Of the whole mass depends principally
on the finest grained material The re-
markable permeability Of most sands
can therefore be reduced considerably
by the admixture Of comparatively
small quantities Of some fine material,
such as clay, loan or mari
In the case OF stratifed soils the per-
meability depends entirely on the
finest grained layer, even If the layer
is very thin. In a very impermeable
soil the permeability is increased TO a
remarkable extent by the formation Of
the crumbly structure With an in
crease of humidity the permeability Of
a soil for air diminishes and more
strongly the greater the water capac-
ity Of the soil. All soils rich il clay
and humus become impermeable at i
point below saturation. II a soil IS
wet only in the upper layers the en-
trance and exit Of the cir IS hindered
in proportion to the hneness 0f the
grains. In soils rich IN clay and humus
this mas result in absolute imDermea-
bility. even with slight precipitation.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1901-01-22

At the convention Of horticulturists
held at Champaign recently an agent Of
the manufacturer Of a dust sprayer
was present and was given the unusual
privilege OF addressing the convention
on the principles Of spraying with dust
He had the previous week visited the
convention Of the state horticulturists
Of Missouri and brought with him from
that meeting a note by the secretary
commencing him 10 the favorable ns-
tice Of the Illinois horticulturists. The
gentleman gave a talk on the manner
and results Of dust spraying. end the
audience was deeply interested. The
fact is that Il dust spraying can be
made a success it means very much to
the fruit grower. The cost Of spraying
as al present conducted is made large
Is By the necessity Of carrying and dis
tributlng such a large bulk Of water.
Ia the dust spray the poison is mixed
with line instead Of water. The spray
ing IS done in the morning while the
dew is stii on The leaves. and this
causes the lime and poison ID aehest
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1901-01-22

The Michigan forestry commission
recently held a meeting. attended by
Mr. Skeels, land agent for the state
board Of agriculture He submitted the
following estimates Of lands available
for forestry purposes. The state has
about 100000 acres Of land that has
reverted through delinquent taxes and
about 100000 acres Of tax homestead
lands. About as per cent Of these lands
were originally covered with a second
growth Of timber. There are 1000 600
acres Of what are known as lack pine
plains 10 Michigan the timber varying
With the nature Of the soil. On the
poorer soil these pines are scruhbv and
Of little value The stronger lands
bear some black Norways that are val
liable. and also some scattering white
pines, but the latter are Of the buck
wheel" variety and 10 nor have LONG
clean bodies. It has been determined
that the character Of the timber on the
pine plains does not depend as much
on the soil as It does on the accident of
seed distribution.
The study Of agriculture Is to be ir-
troduced into the Minneapolis schools
II the plans Of several members o. the
hoard ol education prevail The work
is 70 re conducted under special sd
pefvsssor az teachers skf.ied u edaca--
ihv children II ihe AIT cf niline tAx
soil. The study W.ll be p1rsued Is the
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1901-01-22

Apples should not be repacked II #
can be avoided Once packed they
should remain packed till they reach
the consumer. The repacking cagses
additional bruising and the bruised
parts are always susceptible to fungus
growths. II. NJ. Dunlap says that the
failure or the Canadian apples in the
exposition At Paris was largely due to
the fact that they were repacked before
reaching their destination The addi-
tional bruises they received brought
them onto the tables In Paris in a bad
condition, while the American apples
that were not touched from the time
they left the shippers on this side till
they were taken out Of the boxes or
barrels in Paris were In fine shape. 1t
is without doubt true that American
fruit growers every year lose consider
able by repaeking for storage
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1901-01-22

The North will ultimately find in the
South a strong competitor in the man
ufacture OF canned goods Already the
southern papers are asking why their
people have been SO long asleep and
permitted the people OF other sections
to sell them canned goods at a high
price. 1t is claimed that the southern
people buy 100 cans put up in other
sections Of the country to every can
they themselves put up. This is
strange state of affairs. for the South
is the section Of the country OF all
others where the contents OF these cans
can be raised easiest and cheapest.
The fact that other localities have ta-
ken the lead In this matter shows the
value Of that thing we call enter
prise"
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1901-01-22
The Hsrn.a squash mug
lAnasa armigera.l

Herewith we illustrate the horned
squash bug in its various stages. They
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1901-01-22

OF course the manufacturers Of the
dust-spraying machines claim complete
success FOR them. We can but hope
that their cl1ims are true. but win wait
for impartial proof before passing IN
their favor
Smyrna times., 1901-01-30
SECRET SOCIE TIES.

AORSING STAR LODGE, No. 9, /. o. F.-Meets
every Friday evening, al 500 O'Clock.
Mcdonnell ESCAMPNEST. No 2,I o. o F.-Meets
Second and Fourth Tuesday evenings of each
month. at 500 0 clock.
HARMONY LcD6E. No. Is, A. F. 4. M.-Meets FirsI
and Third Thursday evenings Of each month,
at 500 O'C.Ock.
sNY LODGE, No. 5. l. O. G. T-Mee,s every
Wednesday evening. q % o'clock.
SMYRNA COSCLAvE, No. u. ORDER Of HEPTAsOPHs
meets first and third Tuesday Of each month
al 500 o'clock. al the Odd Fellows Hall.
USIOS CASTLE No Il, K. &. .E.-Meets every Mon
day evening in their hall in the Cooper Build
ing, at o. o'clock.
NIsPAH LODGE, No. Is. 4. o. [. w.-NeetS ever!
Monday evening a. % o'clock in Odd Eel
lows Hall
MIzPAH COSCLAvE VI. l6l5 ADHESIVE NOGUL
LIASs.-Neets the last Monday evening Of each
month. al % O'Clock, in Odd Fellows Hall.
GENERAL NISFIELD :. ~ASC sCS PJsT, No. 29
A. k.-Meets every Thursday night in the
Hall o. tle knights of the Golden Eagle. 1hOs
Davis Commander.
STARS ASD STRIPES COUNCIL. No. 26. JR. o. [. A
M-Meets al % .. IN. every Thursday IN
Odd Fellows Hal.
FRANCES f. WILLARD Tempe, No. ;. K. of g. F.
Meets every TUESDAY evening al ) OciOcg, al
the Golden Eagle Hall.
Smyrna times., 1901-01-30
CHURCH SERVICES.

AsPUg METHODsT 7 EPIscoPAL-Sundsy-P
ing Al lU59 and 7.i5 P. N. SUNDAY school
P. N. Christian Endeayor Prayer Meeting,
6.4j P. ". Prayer Meeting-Wednesdays al :. IS
Pm. Rev. G.. A Hill, pastor.
) T. PETERS CHURCH. Rev. Henry Thomss Rec
tOr.-Suuday - MOInln1 Prayer and sermon at
lO15 A. n. Evening Prayer an sermon al \
Pm. sunday ~chool-3.lj r. NJ " Nedne>days-
Evening Prayer and Lecture = P. NJ. Teach
ers Meeting Immediately afierward.
-Suuday-Preacbing at 101S A. N
and ~ Pm. sunday >choOl-l115 AN. Prayer
Aeeting-Weduesdays al ~ P. NJ. Rev J. L
Estlin, pastor.
ST. POLYcARP CATHOLIC CHURCH-Servicese every
other sunday, 10y Father Wsd on. Sunday
School Immediately after service.
SMYRNA CIRCUIT Preaching services, Friend
ship in the morning. SeverSOn IN the alter
noon Jerman's Chapel And SMYRNA Land
ing alternate sunday nights al 80. Rev &.
L. HaTde>ty, pastor.
CENTENNIAL METHODIST EPISCOPAL COlOred) -
ounday-Preaching a. IL A N. and P. NJ
sunday SchO h-2 P Rev W. c. Dick
erSOn. Pastor.
A. VI. E. CHUgCH-Sund- ;-Preaehing al II a.
N, and D. N. sunday SchnOl al . D m
Christian EndeayOr. 81 p. m. sunday Praise
meeting. at 5 O'Clock Wednesday evening
Rev. J. V. Palmer, Pastor