The Montgomery advertiser., 1901-08-10
The ADVERTISERS P ~ HOME STUDY CIRCLE

NitCNtb IldDCI IOmd0O. t0 have taken.
 Participle-Perfect. Habiendo tomad do having taken,
 (b.)-Haber, followed by de or tener by que and the infinitive, is often used 1 to denote obligation or necessity; due1 | habia de hacer yo? What was to do ? | Tengo que comprar un sombrero, I | must buy hat.
 49. The independent use of habor is | limited to a few legal terms and to it's l forms in the third person singular of l each tense as an impersonal verb meaning; to be. When so employed it's | noun, singular or plural. follows. Our | expletlve there. must always be sup piled in translating The following ex- l amples show. this very common use of | the verb haber: No hay nal que cien amos dure, there is no sorrow thatIasts | a hundred years: no habra1 nadie en | la casa, there will be nobody in the | house; ha habido mucha lluvia este | ano there has been much rain this year: en Ia Espana septentrional hay poces arboles3. in northern Spain there are few trees.
 50. The place of haber in the sense of to possess is taken by tener, to hold. | It is used with very great frequency | and We must. therefore, study it In full. To a limited extent it serves | as an auxiliary also. It Is of cofjuga- | tion II, but is somewhat irregulaf: Principal parts-Tener. tsliendo, tenido tengo, tuve. ; aid dhrothjHd ,s PRESENT GROUP. oas ms sfe. e.
 Pres. ind. T have. ett-s 1rehsqa, eatienas tiene. tenemos. teneis. tienen.y7et, Ay5. Pres. subj.-I nave have. etc. Tesga 1 tengas. tenga, tengamos, tengais. tengan.
 Pres. subj.-I may have, etc. Tenga. tengamos. tened. tengan. lmpf. Ind.-I was having etc. Tenia tenias. tenia, teniamos. teniais. tenian. Accent on in each form. PRETERITE GROUP.
 Pret. Ind.~In had. etc. Tuve, tuvisto. tuvo. tuvimos, tuvisteis, tuvieron.
 First impf. subj.-I should have, etc. 'Tuviera. tuvieras. tuviera, tuvieromas, tuvierais, tuvieran.
 Second impf. subj.-I should have, etc.-Tuviese. tuvieses, tuviese, tuvies- emos. tuvieseis, tuviesen. s-
 Fut. subj.-I may or shall have, etc. Tuviere. tuvieres. tuviere. .tuvieremos, tuviereis. tuvieren. ".f e,.t.
 FUTURE GROUP.
 Fut. ind.-I shall have, etc. Tendrel. tendrasl. tendral, tendremos, tendreis, tendranl.
 Conditional should have, etc. Ten dria. tendrias. tendria, tendriamos. tendriais. tendrian. Accent son in each form.
 51. The place of our verb to be, as an auxiliary. and as an independent verb. is held by two different words, ser and estar. both meaning in gen eral the same. Their forms shall be given in full and important differences then discussed.
 (a) Irregular verb, ser, to be, in it's simple lenses.
 Principal parts-Ser, siendo, sido, soy. fui.
 PRESENT GROUP.
 Pres. ind.-I am. etc. Soy, eres, es. somos. sois. son. +y.
 Pres. subj.-I may be etc. Sea, seas, sea. seamos. seals, seam.
 Imperative-Be etc. - SC, sea, sea- mos. sed, sean.
 Impf. ind.-I was, etc. Era, eras, era, eramos. erals. eran.
 PRETERITE GROUP. ~Pret. ind.-I was, etc. Fui, fuiste. fue. fuimos, .fuisteis fueron. ss-
 First imp. subj.-I were. etc.. Fuera, fueras, fuera. fueramos. fuerais fue- ran.
 Second impf. subj.-I were, etc. Fue- SC. fueses. fuese. fuesemos, fueseis. fue- sen.
 Fut. subj.-I may or shall be, etc. Fuere. fueres. fuere. fu.eremos, fuereis. furen
 FUTURE GROUP.
 Fut. iud.-I shall be. etc. Serel. ser asl. seral, seremos, sereis, seranl.
 Conditional-I should be. etc. Serla, serias. sera. seriamos, serials, serian. Accent on in each form.
 (b) The forms here given for the pre- terite ser. to be. serve as the preter- ite of another verb also; ir, to go. which will be presented among the irregular verbs of conjugation III.
 62 Irregular verb, Estar, to be, in it's simple lenses, Principal parts: Estar. estando. estado. estoy, estuve.
 PRESENT GROUP.
 Pres. ind.-I am or stand, etc Estoy, estas1. esta1, estamos, estais, estan1.
 Pres subj.-I may be, etc Este1, es- tes1. estel. estemos, esteis. esten1.
 Imperative-Be, etc., esta1, este1, estemos estad. esten1.
 Impf. ind.-I was, etc. Estaba, esta- bas, estaba, estabamos, estabais, esta- bsn.
 PRETERITE GROUP.
 Pret. ind.-I was etc. Estuve, estu- NlSle. eSluNO, tsluN lIIlub, eSluNlSleiS, eS- tuvieron.
 First impf. subj.-I were, etc Estuv- iera. estuvieras, estuviera. estuviera- mos. estuvierais, estuvieran.
 Second impf. subj.-I were, etc Estu- viese. estuvieses, estuviese, estuviese- mos. estuvieseis. estuviesen.
 Fut. subj.-I may or shall be. etc. Estuviere, estuvieres, estuvere. estu- Nieremos, estuviereis. estuvieren
 FUTURE GROUP.
 Fut. ind.-I shall be, etc. Estare1, es- taras1, estard1. estlremos estarcis es- taTan1. .sf. E..
 Conditional-I should be, etc. ,Estaria estarias. cstaria, estaffa rfIos.5 estariais, estarian. Accent on'f' in each fofnI
 53. Between these two verbs, ser and estar. when used independently there is an important difference, Whrh af- fects them as auxilialies also. The diff ference is that ser expresses permanent condition, while estar expresses tenn porary condition or refers to position. in the latter case having it's original meaning, to stand. Note the following numerous examples: Els el unico Es- panol que estal aqui, he is the only panlard that (Who) is here: es tan fuerte como un leon. he is as strong as a lion: es bueno, he is good, or of d good disposition; estal bueno, he is we'll; estaba enfermo. he was ill; estal
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