davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1901-04-05
Blue FIELD PEA.

ley. The crop is ready to cut for hay
when the dominant variety in the mix
ture is nearly ripe. If there are more
peas than grain, then the following of
the pea vines and pods marks the
proper time for cutting, or if the oats
exceed the peas the mixture should be
cut when the grains are in the dough
stage. For a seed crop the peas are
often grown alone.
The field pea is not suitable for cul-
tivatiOn in the middle or southern
states because of the ravages of n
vine mildew which affects the yield
of forage and seed. 1t requires a long,
cool season, with gradually increasing
heat toward the time of maturity.
Analyses show the peas to be Il rich
er food than wheat bran, but less con-
centratcd than the gluten, linseed, cot
tonseed and soy bean meals.
The field pea is an excellent soiling
crop for late spring and early summer
use, furnishing large amount of sue
culent forage which is relished by cat
tie 1t deserves wider cultivation by
northern farmers.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1901-04-05
Agricultural Brevitics.

Unfortunately for themselves. many
consumers look with suspicion upon
the light shades of maple sugar and
sirup.
Soy bean was one of the best pre-
paratory crops for barley at one of the
Canadian experimental farms.
The ravages of the forest worm in
Vermont seem to have reached an end
after inflicting much injury in nearly
all parts of the state.
Meehan recommends Troth's Early
and IIales Early as desirable early
peaches for a small garden
Alfalfa will largely replace clover in
NewJersey this year, says an exchange.
n considerable acreage that would have
been sown with clover and timothy
last fall having been left for it.
The tide of agriculture is now re-
ported as setting back to New Eng
land, and it is claimed that abandoned
farms in that section can no longer be
found.
Onion growing is said to have given
very pleasing returns last year to
growers In northeastern Ohio, where
fine onions of good keeping quality are
CROWN
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1901-04-05

ever there is any crust formed, run
the harrow over the ground. When
planting time comes replow the ground.
this time shallow. Then harrow as
before. which will leave it in a fine
condition.
We use n combined wheel hoe ana
drill and consider such tool almost in
diSpensable in beet culture. We do hot
plant until the ground is well warmed
as we wish the beetS to make as rapid
growth as may he, to keep start of
the weeds. We plant our rows north
and south and about 2S inches apart.
We use from six to eight pounds of
seed to the acre.
When the plants are from two to
four inches high they are ready for
the first hoeing. This we do with the
wheel hoe, cleaning away all the weeds
from next the plants and finely pulver-
izing the ground. The weeds between
the rows we cut out and pulveriZe the
ground with the common hoe The
ground is never allowed to bake The
width of the rows will admit of cult
waiting with a one horse five tooth cuI-
tivator, Il handy tool on any farm ana
a great labor saver in the beet patch.
BY far the hardest and most tedious
part of the work is thinning out the
plants in the rows. This should not be
done too soon, as the tops are so large
for the small root that wind is liza
bic to damage them if standing alone.
Thin so that the plants stand from
six to eight inches apart in the row.
We thin with the common hoe and by
wedding out with the hands. Care
must be taken not to disturb the plants
to be left standing. After thinning all
tending can be done with the one horse
cultiVator.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1901-04-05
MOVING EASTWARD.
Two Great Forage Plants of the
West Gain Ground.


West Gain Ground.
There is continued interest in alfal-
fl as crop for the eastern farmer 1t
produces such large quantities of rich
feed wherever it thrives that the east
ern farmer can afford to go to consider
able expense in getting a stand of
plants if there are soil conditions at all
favorable to growth" says a writer in
Farm and Fireside, who gives also the
following information
A tight, heavy subsoil will not do. but
wherever the roots can go down easily
to the moisture below the surface and
surface drainage is good it pays to try
alfalfa. If the soil is not rich, make it
so with clean manure. Make the seed
bed fine, putting plenty of work upon
it, and get the organic matter thor
oughly mixed with the soil.
Having MANFRED heavily, if the land
is not naturally rich loan it is best to
grow summer crop on it to destroy
weed seeds. Then on a good seed bed
sow the alfalfa in the spring after dan
ger of freezing weather has passed.
Oftentimes the seeding appears fail
ure on account of the weeds and the
puny appearance of the alfalfa, when
two or three clippings with the mower
in the summer will change the pros
poets, and a good stand of plants will
be the outcome The hay is rich in
protein the most valuable part of feed
ing stuffs, and in the three or four har-
vests during the year big total yield
is secured.
Another crop that is gaining ground
in the east for stock feeding is Sor-
ghum. 1t can be grown on a variety of
soils and is highly valued by many dai-
rymen, furnishing as ii does a big
amount of nutritious food an acre to
supplement the pastures in August and
September. 1t is very palatable and is
eaten with relish by hogs as well as
cattle. 1t thrives in dry season far
better than corn, and few acres of
sorghum is sort of insurance against
the effects of drought on pastures and
corn. 1t makes rich hay, but is not
so easily cured as fodder.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1901-04-05
SUGAR BEET GROWING.
For Success Thin on Time and Skill
fuIIy-Then Stir the Soil.

Thinning is the most difficult and ex-
pensive operation in beet growing, and
upon its proper execution the success
of the crop largely depends. The dis
lance between the beets in the row
should depend upon the quality of the
soil, as on a rich, moist soil they will
thrive if left much thicker than on n
poor dry soil. If planted in extra wide
rows to facilitate horse culture, they
may be left closer in the rows than
otherwise. If the rows are IS to 20
inches apart, the beets should ordinari-
ly be thinned to to 10 inches in the
rows. The first operation of thinning
is done with a common hoe having
blade five to seven inches wide, accord
ing to the distance apart it is desired
to have the beets stand when the work
is complete
When the beets are well started and
usually Immediately after the second
cultivation, pass along the rows and
with the hoe strike out portions the
width of the hoe blade. leaving bunch
eS of two or three inches containing
several plants. This operation is called
punching and results in the removal
of the weeds in the row and the stir
ring of the soil as we'll as the removal
of most of the surplus plants. Shortly
after the punching the plants remain
ing are reduced to one in n place, and
all weeds removed by hand pulling
One plant, and that the strongest,
should be left from each bunch, all the
weeds should be pulled, not broken off,
and if the soil is displaced about the
young plant by the removal of the
others it must be returned but not
packed down hard
The thinning should be done as soon
as the plants have four well formed
leaves. If the thinning is delayed, the
beets intwine about one another so
that the roots of those left are injured
by the removal of the others, and if
the taproot is broken the plant will
never produce well formed beet.
Since the soil will become conSiGera-
bly, compacted by tramping of the
workmen during the thinning, it should
be Immediately loosened by horse cul-
tivaton, followed by a thorough hand
hoeing. This working should stir the
soil three inches deep and leave the
crop free from weeds, says an authori.
ty on the subject in question.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1901-04-05
TREATMENT FOR BORERS.
A California Wash and "SIapper."
An Arsenic Injection.

A California Wash and "SIapper."
An Arsenic Injection.
We are now so we'll satisfied with the
results of our experiments with the
| lime, salt and coal tar wash that we
shall continue its use on all trees affect
ed by the borers. Here are the direc-
tons: Make brine with any cheap
salt 1--WE pay 81 per tom. Use good
quality of lime and Stake with this
brine. While the lime is stalking and
hottest put in at least three quarts Of
coal tar to every five gallons of the
slaked lime. When thinned sufficiently
70 put on the trees, the proportion will
be reduced to about two quarts to five
gallons.
Uncover the tree to the roots, or as
FAR down as borers usually go, and
scrape clean. Put on the wash with a
'Slapper,' which forces it into every
opening in the bark. Let the wash eX-
tend up the trunk about a foot. We
make "slappers" by tying ten inch
lengths of baling rope to Il handle
about two feet long An old broom han
die is just right by cutting off two feet
OF the lower end. We shall wash all
peach, apricot and almond trees as soon
as the rains are about over, and also
part of the prune orchards where the
borers have appeared.
No bad effects have yet appeared
from the use of coal tar. We paint all
wounds, sunburns or other bare places
on all varieties of trees with tar right
from the barrel. In cool weather it
must be warmed, so that it will flow
from the brush readily.
Tie foregoing, from The Rural New
Yorker, is the experience of Califor-
man. and in the same paper a New
lork state man adds n unique item TO
the knowledge ON this subject. as fol
lows:
we went to work with will and dug
ana delved and scraped, but we proba
Diy did not understand how to do it, as
hot beggCr could we get out, so we
thought of another scheme. We made
strong solution of paris green and
with fine syringe injected the solu-
uoh IN every hole and also sprayed all
around the trunk with it.
nave not lost a single apple tree and
only two peach trees, nor have | any
Uorers in new peach orchard put out
d year ago Now, while am constant
~ spraying our fruit trees, this may
keep the borers away. l am fully sat
sned | killed all those that had taken
nod by injecting the naris prpan
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1901-04-05
News and Notes.

French scientists claim that the ia
vorable effects Of compounds of cop
per on the growth of plants have been
exaggerated. The increase in the
amount of sugar in fruit of grapes
sprayed with bordeaux mixture is said
not to exceed or per cent.
The English sparrow is a very sue
cessful emigrant 1t is said that only
three states (Montana, Nevada and
Wyomingl and three territories (Alas-
ka, Arizona and New Mexico) are free
from 1t.
That skunk farms do not pay seems
to be the burden of present reports.
Specialism in farming is the latest
topic, and by this is meant the growing
in any locality of the particular prod
ucts for which the soil and climate
are most suitable.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1901-04-05

The melon leaf blight is getting to
be serious matter. Practically all
the melons in northern New Jersey. in
Guiding an excellent stand on the Rural
grounds, were badly injured or de-
stroyed by this subtle disease last year
Most of the growers attribute it to
atmospheric and temperature changes,
and il cannot be denied that hot. moist
weather interSpcrscd with sudden cool
showers favors the rapid spread of the
trouble, but the general appearance of
the dying foliage impresses one with
the idea that it is really of bacterial
origin. Our vegetable pathOlogists
have thrown very little light on this
troublesome and widespread affection;
at least no specially useful informa-
ton concerning it has come to us.
1t is evident that until some way of
controlling or avoiding the blight is de
veloped it will be well to conline our
planting to quick growing and early
maturing varieties, rs the disease is
plainly more destructive to the later
kinds. We regret to say that neither
cause nor cure is known to us.-Rural
Now Norl,er
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1901-04-05

the world, often four to five feet in cir
conference and as good as it is large"
In the butter head" varieties the
San Francisco Market or Deacon has
a great reputation for either the mar
ket or the home garden. Even the YER
lest amateur can raise fine large heads
with the Deacon variety. The heads
are light green outside with the inner
portion blanched to a beautiful cream
yellow of rich, delicious flavor.
Waldorf is one of the seasons novel
ties and is designed to be equally use
full for forcing or open air cultivation.
Its habit of heading is peculiar, the
outer leaves lying fiat on the ground
and clear away from the head. The
latter is said to he very solid. the
leaves crisp and thin.
Tom Thumb and Mignonette are
unique little lettuces. described as re-
markably hard headed and of fine quail
ity. The latter is russell colored, with a
solid heart of creamy yellow and pale
grecnish white, and is represented as a
superlative "all seasons" kind.
Black Seeded Simpson forms large
loose heads of thin, tender golden vel
low leaves. SO far as mildness of fla
vor and crispiness of texture are con-
cerned this variety is the standard of
excellence, but the leaves wilt too
quickly and are considered by some
growers too brittle to make it desira-
M OF I nt
however, are said to be an improve
ment in this respect. remaining in good
condition much longer
The new Iceberg lettuce is distin-
guished as one of the handsomest and
most solid headed lettuces in cultiva-
ton. 1t has been pronounced similar
to the best forms of the white SileSan,
which is an older name for the type
The plants are y to Is inches across
and form large heads of bright light
green. The leaves have large main
ribs and curve strongly into the cen
ter, which is consequently always well
blanched. 1t is claimed that this va
riety is always crisp and tender.
whether in the early spring or the
hottest days of summer"
Hanson is a grand old sort. solid,
large, very crisp and tender. The two
last named are lighter colorcd than the
well known and popular Denver Mar
ket, all three of them being crisp head
varieties.
Golden Queen is a desirable light col
ored early kind. Boston Market, or
White Seeded Tennis Ball, heads
quickly if planted in rich soil, but soon
goes to seed, for which reason the
Black Seeded Tennis Ball is often pre-
ferred for garden culture.
New York is fine, large summer
lettuce, tender, well favored and
blanches beautifully.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1901-04-05
THE STOCK BEET.
Variety, Soil, Sowing, Wedding,
Thinning and Cultivation.

variety SOhIg oOhAHBy
Thinning and Cultivation.
We have had several years expert
ence raising mangels, or stock beets,
as they are frequently called. We like
best, when it comes to varieties, the
Long Red (Mammoth) and the Golden
Tankard. The yield of the Long Red
Is greatest, but the quality of the Tan
kard fully makes up for this, and the
Tankard is easiest harvested. How
ever there is not enough difference to
keep us from dividing our patch equal
~ between the two, as our stock seem
to relish change, says a Kansas
writer in The Farm Journal.
The best soil is rich, sandy loan,
loosened as deep as can be by blowing.
The ground selected should be free
from weeds, as their presence will me-
cessitate more work to be put on the
patch than 1t would otherwise require.
A liberal manurlng will add to the
crop if applied before blowing. We
plow the ground as early in the spring
as frost will permit. This blowing is
as deep as 1t is possible to stir the
, ground. After blowing, the ground is
thoroughly narrowed and cross har-
rowed until finely pulverized. When
the early weeds spring up, or when
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1901-04-05
A SOURCE OF WASTE.
DnormOus Quantities of Raw Fla1
Burned Up Each Year.

IN 1898 the United States produced
I|ZlIO00 bushels of faxseed, but did
Hot utilize million pounds of fiber,
according to New York correspondent
VI me Prairie Farmer, who estimates
mat at the same ratio of fiber to seed
PRODUCTION as prevailed in Russia that
9 oeaf we should have marketed 929, 49,
w. pounds of fiber. He further says:
l am told by the owner of towel
anu napkin mill in this city that he is
uow paying from Is to 10 cents per
POUND for coarse linen yarn for use in
an nls mill, all of which is imported, land
~ u.at he is troubled to get enough even
a' the price paid. OF course | know
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1901-04-05

V"SVUuS UII rough
and uneven land. The harrow is hinged
together with bolts that are linked to-
gether with eye heads. This device
commends itself for lands that are diff.
hcult to level and is easily and mex
pensively made.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1901-04-05

additional trains leave Baltimore for Union
Bridge and intermediate Stations at 10. I2a. m
and 20 and Top. m, and leave Union Bridge
Tor Baltimore and Intermediate Stations at
D % ana 6.25 a. m, and 1850 p. m. daily, except
Sunday.
sundays only-leave Baltimore for Union
Bridge and intermediate Stations at Q as n. m
and lisp m. Leave Union Bridge 645 a. m
and 4.O5 p. m. for Baltimore and Intermediate
Stations
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1901-04-05

row touches but
Ii lie o f the
gro IL n d a s it
passes over it.
The cut, from
The Farm Jour
nal, shows a
plan or a frame
that gives great
feXibility and is
specially advan-
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1901-04-05
FARM .A7A a.44
(NE 2zz1is s;:E=zlEEEs:.ElDG22
BiszsassseaSGHEKPEN
CANADA FIELD PEAS.
Farmers Appear Greatly Interested
In Them This Spring.

Farmers Appear treaty Interested
In Them This Spring.
More than ever this spring are farm
ers giving attention to the claims of
the field pea as a soiling and hay crop.
Agrostologist J. G. Smith is authority
for the following in regard to this
plant:
There are many varieties of the field
pea in cultivation. The cut shows a
blue kind as grown in Canada.
In Canada the acreage of field peas
is about the same as that of winter
wheat. Much of the success of the
Canadian farmers in fattening beef
and pork for export is said to be due
10 their extensive use of pea and oat
hay and pea meal.
The field pea is adapted to cultiva-
ton in the northern tier of states.
from New England to Washington. 1t
is sown in early spring at the proper
time for seeding grain, using from /
to IL bushels of peas and an equal
quantity of either oats, wheat or bar
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1901-04-05
sssSS77 $685.
AGARMoF QgAD
a HNn GARDEN
FINE LETTUCES.
Large, Handsome. Solid Sorts-Dainty
Little Hard Headers.

Little Hard Headers.
Lettuce. the popular and, it might al
most be said, the single well known sal
al plant of America, affords innumera-
bic varieties. Among them a number
of kinds stand out as favorites approx
ed by long trial or as comparative new
corners and novelties of the season in
teresting on account of the claims
made for them.
OF the new sorts immensely is as
serted TO be the largest head lettuce in
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1901-04-05
IMPORTANT INSECTICIDES.
ArsenicaIs Applied In Various Forms
For Worms and Bugs.

1t is not always advisable or effective
to apply arsenicals directly to the
plants, and this is particularly true in
the case of the grasshoppers, various
cutworms and wireworms. In such
cases the use of poisoned bait has prov
ed very satisfactory.
For locusts take one part by weight
of white arsenic, one of sugar and six
of bran, to which add water to make a
wet mash. Place tablespoonful of
this at the base of each tree or vine or
apply line of bats just ahead of the
advancing army of grasshoppers, plac-
Ing tablespoonful of the mash every
six or eight feet and following up with
another line behind the first.
Bran and paris green thoroughly
mixed and sprinkled dry on cabbage
heads proved, according to Professor
]. h. Smith, most successful remedy
for cabbage worms, the latterpreferring
the poisoned bran to the cabbage, much
to their prompt undoing. The same dry
mixture has been successfully employ
ed against cutworms and is recon-
mended for the army worm, running it
in rows ten feet apart across the in
tested field.
For SOW bugs, or pill bugs, which are
frequently injurious pests to tender
Towering plants and vegetables grown
under frames or in glass houses, poi
soned slices of potato have proved the
most effectual remedy. The freshly
sliced potato may be poisoned by dip
ping in n strong arsenical solution or
by busting thickly with a dry ar
senical. 1t is then distributed over the
beds. Pansy beds have been notably
protected in this way. A Michigan
grower reports that in two nights he
destroyed upward of $4,000 of these
bugs by this means in four houses
used for growing lettuce.
Another remedy for batting cut
worms and also for wreworms is to
distribute poisoned green, succulent
vegetation, such as freshly cut clover,
In small punches about infested fields.
Dip the bait in very strong arsenical
solution and protect it from drying by
covering with boards or stones. Re-
new the bait as often as it becomes
dry or every three to five days. The
bran and arsenic bait also answers for
cutworms. These remedies are emu
merated by C. L. Marlatt in farmers
bulletin No. 1877.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1901-04-05

There are circumstances that make ii
seem likely that the cat in England is
foreign importation. The kings cat was
called the keeper of the royal granary."
The old Welsh laws provided a curious
penalty to be paid by the one who should
kill this cat Of the king. The offender
was to pay as much corn as would cover
the cats body when held up by the tail
This goes to show that cats were rare
and had market value.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1901-04-05
Handy FLEXIBLE Harrow.

1t often happens where land is rough
and uneven that the ordinary rigid har.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1901-04-05

Leave Rocky Ridge for Emmitsburg at S26
EmmitSburg for Rocky Ridge at $50 and 1000
a. m. and 255 and A p. IN.
Leave Bruceville for Frederick at S.3S, 935
and 1910 a. m. and $50, and $50 p. m.
and Tancytown at 9.47 a. m and 345 d. m
Leave Frederick for Baltimore at $50 a. m,
and 800 and $50 p m.
CONNECTIONS AT CHERRY RUN, w. VA
b and o. passengers trains leave Cherry
Run for Cumberland and intermediate points
daily at sol Il. mr. Cincinnati, st. Louis and
Express, daily, at 1879 p. m.
*Daiy. All Others daily except Sunday
j. N. HOOD, b. H.GRISWOLD,
Pres. and Gen'l Manager. Gen. Pass. Agt
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1901-04-05
BALTIMORE & CUMBERLAND VALLEY
RAILROAD.

Leave Hagerstown for Shippensburg and
intermediate Stations at IL .O5 a, m. and 1Oo
p; m. For Chambersburg $50 IN. Leave
Shlppensburg for Hagerstown and Interme-
diate Stations at 800 u m. and SOB D. m
Leave Chambersburg l.45 p m
TRAINS VIA ALTENWALD CUTOFF.
Leave Hagerstown for ChamberSburg and
Intermediate Stations at 6.l2 a. m. and $40
p. IN.
Leave Chambersburg for Hagerstown and
intermediate Stations at IT'S a. m and 7.49
p. IN.
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1901-02-09
SOUTHERN PACIFIC SOLD

New York Feb. .. - The Evening
Post savs. II wss announced TODAY
thar tho Hartman syndicate has nor
only acouired large holdings of South.
orp Pacific stock hut is also obtaining
control NJ tho Missouri Kansas and
Toxas Thus n - sbown that tho mo.
,ivoa which ,od tho Hartman syrdi.
cato IN secure rho snovor and HIM.
tinyton boIaings IN tho Sorthor, pa.
cioc R.iIroad and ,bus n domiro,i,,
interest 4, thu, nrono,.y inyoIvod q
vos,or schomo ~ railroad corso,,do.
,ion
ri, o,, t,..ta..,.
,,,oro., ~ Tho ,,or,hora ., ,ho tI.r
riman svndicst. would ,ac,Iit,,o Oh.
now re,, tions nro,osed for tho Kansas
,,d Tox,a nronor,y and tho c,n,roI :, /,
tho Missouri Kansas ana T.xas I,
wos ossor,od ,odoy h.d hoo, nrao,,
calIv already assured N tho sy,a,.
cafe
Tho svnd,cat..s control, -, ,hoso
pronerties made moro te.s,b,o and 40.
sirah,o tho coptro, ~ tho so,,hor,
Pacific becauso 4, was IN. on,v no.
naming comnapv west NJ tho Niss,s.
sippi whose lines were IN intimate 70.
,ations with tho other nronor,ios CON.
,ro,Iad hv Tho s,,dioo,a