The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1901-08-18

neces.ary. therefore. VIII prompt a govern
msnt to defeat Its own proper ends. where
dos. Mil ind q remedy for this seemingly
inevitable re~ulti He does not and IL. a.
Blackstone found It.. In the British Con-
stitution. as II was before iss7. He attacks,
rs Bentham before him had attacked. the
old fashioned theory according 10 which
the British Constitution was ~ admirable
mixture of the three simple forms Eve
Of the powers. he argues. will always agree
to swallow the third. Again: The
monarchy and aristocrscy have all pos
sible motives for e~ndcavoring 90 obtain
unlimited power over hi persons and
property Of the communit y Mill doubt
less meant his readers TO understand that
in England, as IL was before 1872. the mon
archy and aristocrscy had To a great e1-
tent succeeded. Where. then. are we To
look, since q pure democracy h imprac-
,icablel To the grand discovery Of
modern times namely, the representa-
tive system. II this does not solve all
difficulties. We shall be forced to the CON
clusion tina, good government Ii impos-
sible. II would. Mill said. he q contra
dic,ion in terms Ia suppose that the com
munity at large can : have an interest
opposite to its interest In the Bentham
formula, IL can have mo sinister interest. :
IL cannot desire its ovn misery.
Now. although the community cannot
act as n whole, IL can act through repre-
sentativee. The whole problem II 60 So
cure a body which shall effectively dis
charge the functions which only In theory
had Teen performed by the House OF Com
mons. Its solution would be found whom
the body rhould be- chosen In such a way
that It's interests would necessarily be CO.
incident with those OF the community at
large. Hence there was no dificulty In
deducins the actual demands OF reformer-.
without defining precise limits. Mil
showed that Representatives must he
elected for brief periods. and that tho right
To vote must al least he wide enough TO
prevent the electoral body from forming a
class with sinister Interests Tie made
some remarkable qualifications. with a
view apparently Of not startling his readers
too much by absolute and impraoticabls
claims.
lie thought that the necessary identity
OF interests would still be- secured II CLASSES
were unrepre-ented who's. interests are
~.indi-putably included in those OF Others.
Thus childr-n's interests. he says. ARE in
volvcd In thoss Of their parents. and the
interest of almost all women In those
Of their fathers or husbands. Mill. a. his
son tells us. disowned any intention. OF
positively advocating the exclusions thus
suggested. lie only meant Co ssy that
they we're not condemned by his general
principles.
This article on government was re-
garded by the younger ttilitartans ~ n
masterpiece 81 political wisdom. II pa-scd
for the orthodox profession Of faith among
IN. Hiila circl. Of friends who nov gathered
around the author. First among them was
David Ricardo, who had become known
90 Mill in 1871 Meetings nj Ricardo
house In London led to the DOMINATION
Of the : Political Economy club n 1891
The club took root and helped TO make
Mill known Ia politicians and meu Of com
mercial influence One of tn" memlS'r~
wa Nautilus. who il said to have been
generally worst.d 10y Mil In the discussions
at the club. Mill could now look forward
10 q successful propaganda Of the crced
which had passed ~ slowly through it,
period Of incubation A plentiful crop
Of Young proSelytcs was arising Ia carry
on the work. From 1917 tn 1921 John Black
disseminated the Unitarian doctrines ~
editor Of the Morning Chroninie. Albany
Fonblandue. who succeeded leigh Hunt
As leader writer for the In 1850.
became another popularizer Of Unitarian
principles John X MCullOch upheld th"
economic battle In the Scotsman at Edin-
bursh from 1917 to 1927. Henry Bick"r-
st4th. afterward Lord langdale and Master
of the Rolls. who had brought Brnthsm
and Rurdett into political alliance, vas
placed in 1924 upon IA commission for re-
forming the proccdur" Of the Court OF
Chanc-ry, one OF the most cherished oh-
jects OF the Unitarian creed. George
Gro,e. who had been introduced to Mill
by Ricardo, defended In 1921 Mills theory
81 government against Mackintosh, and
In the following wear published the Analysis
of Revealed Religion founded upon Ben
tham's manuscripts, aud expressing un-
-auivocally the Uuliiarian theory Of religion.
with them was associated JOIN Austin. who
was regarded n the coming teacher Of the
Unitarian system Of Jurisprudence. Al
the beginning Of ls24 tho WsstninstsT Re
,,sv was launched a. the organ Of the party
The Ws.tminsisr Wa Ia represent the
Radicals, a. the two older reviews repre-
-.ntei the wings and the Tories. AMI to
show that, the new party had it's philosophers
and its men OF literary cultivation. a. well
ms it, popular agitators and journalists.
The review made a good start, and drew
attention 10 the rising group Of Utilitarian-.
Another undertaking occupied much
OF James Mills attention In the following
y.ar The educational schemes 81 IN.
Utili,n rian- had thus far proved abortive
La is2., however. II had occurred To the poet
Thomas Campbell. then editing the Ner
Ncrihiy Maoayiss. that London ought
to po-s--s a university comparable To that
Of Berlin. and more on a level with modern
thought than were IN. old universities
Of Oxford and Cambridge. which were still
in the closest connection with the Church
Of England. Campbell addressed a letter
,o Brougham. and the scheme was taken
up energetically on several sides Joseph
Hume. who had become persistent. though
tiresome. advocate ~ many Ctilitarian
doct rines. promised TO rai-e fioo .ooo
George Birkteck. founder ~ the Mechanic
Institution. and Zachary Macaulsy, who
saw In the proposed university a place
of education for dissenting Ministers.
Joined the movement. and among other
active promoters % the schem" werr
James Mill and Grute. A council was
aa~ -