The Republican journal., 1901-01-03

parte member of the Confederation of
the Rhine. British manufactures were
excluded from the Russian dominion.
The three most powerful nations at
this time were France, England and
Russia. The annexation Of Georgia to
Russia produced war with Persia
which lasted from 1903 to 1918. The
principal events of this war were a
series of Russian victories at Etschmia-
Yin, Shirvan, Derbend and Alkolwalaki.
The Ottoman Empire was in very I'M
stable condition at this time. The people
were in revolt in Widdin, Janina, Ser
via, Syria, Arabia and Egypt. Selim
III. was deposed by the Janizaries May
20, 1907 His cousin Mustapha ".
reigned two months and was deposed
by Mustapha Pasha who placed his
brother Mahamond H. upon the throne
He was not without his troubles
as the Grand ViZiers palace was
blown up with gunpowder during the
first year. The Russian Genl. Mic h.
elson defeated the Turks at Giurgevo
March II, 1907. Genl. Gudovitch de-
feated them near Erzeroum in Arme-
MIA, June Is, 1907. The Turkish fleet
was also defeated by the Russian fleet.
The Gar Alexander l. refused to rati-
fly the treaty of Tilsit whereby he
agreed to evacuate Moldavia and Wal
lachia and make peace with the Otto
man Porte. After Russia and Prussia
". of Sweden believing himself Or
dained by Providence to restore the
BOurbons to the throne of France con-
tinued the wal He actually expelled
the ambassadors of Russia and Prussia
from Stockholm for making peace with
France Through the influence of Will
colonies had been suppressed during the
ministry of Lord Grenville.
George Ill being fearful that they
were about to remove the political dis
abilities of the Catholics dismissed the
ministry and formed another among
Mr. Pitts friends. The Duke of Port
land was Prime Minister and Geo. Can
ming Sec. of Foreign Affairs AS Rus
STA had joined Napoleon by the Peace
of Tilsit, England was left without any
great allies. She accordingly sent Ad-
miral Lord Gambler with 10000 land
troops under Earl of Cathcart to secure
the Danish fleet as a pledge of Danish
cooperation during the war The gov
eminent refused until it's capital was
reduced to ashes. The fleet was sur
ance with Russia and France. Napo-
leon ordered the Prince-Regent of
Portugal to close the Portuguese
ports against British vessels He
refused and Napoleon declared that
t he House of Brazanzy had ceased to
reign. The royal family fled to Rio
Janeiro. The French army under ,Junot
occupied Lisbon without resistance
Nov. 30, 1907. Charles ". of Spain
being unpopular was compelled to alb
dictate i'll favor of his son Ferdinand
Prince of Asturias. Charles ". sought
the aid of Napoleon who induced
Charles and Ferdinand to refer the dis
pute to him. He enticed the whole
royal family to Bayonne, where he
kept them prisoners, compelled them
to abdicate, and declared the Bour-
bon dynasty of Spain ended. He made
his brother Joseph Bonaparte king of
Spain. A French fleet surrendered to
the English at Cadiz. The Spaniards
defended themselves successfully at Va
encia against Marshal Money, at Sar-
agossa and at Baylen under Castanos
against Genl. Depont, July 20, 1903.
The English sent Sir Arthur Wellesley
to assist the Portuguese. He defeated
Junot at Rolica Aug. -, 1903, and at
Vimiera two days later
The next day at the Convention of
Cintra it was agreed between Junot
and English General DaIrymple that
English vessels should convey the
French soldiers to France. In Nov,
S0S, Napoleon crossed the Pyrenees
with an army of 100000 men. They
were victorious at Espinosa and Burgos. /
Palafox and Castamos were beaten at |
Tudela by Marshal Lannes and Napo-
con entered Madrid Dec. 4, 1908. On |
account Of the destruction of Copenha-
gen Russia declared war against Eng
and Nov. 7, 1907, and demanded that |
Sweden should declare the Baltic a |
closed sea according to the armed neu-
;rality principles of 1850 and 1900. Gus
bavus ". replied that the treaty of
une II, 1901, abolished the Armed Neu-
5rality treaty. His failure to comply
with the requirements of Russia in
volved his country in costly war. The
Russian army under Gen. Buxhowden
into Swedish Finland Feb. p,
1908. They occupied Helsingfoirs and
Sweaborg which had been considered
surrendered Apr. 6, 1908.
Gar Alexander had already declared
Finland to be annexed to the Russian