davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1901-03-27
cATAcoMBs OF ROME.
How They Were Constructed and Changes
That Have Been Made.

TOW iney were SOHStf d1Q SnanSeS
That Have Been Made.
q The model in which the catacombs
were constructed and the changes
which they underwent at different
periods is very clearly illustrated by
the example Of the catacomb Of st.
Callixtus, whose discovery is one Of
the most important which Di Rossi
has made. The Christian proprietor
secured a site of $50 feet frontage to
the road and 100 feet deep from front
to back. The staircase was sunk into
the soil at one corner to a certain
depth, and gallery round three sides
of the area, with another staircase at
its further extremity; two other gal
leries also extended from front to back,
and still four other galleries extended
part of the way across, all on rather
higher level than the main passage,
and therefore approached by an ascent
Of a few steps, and at the extremity
of one of these shorter galleries three
chambers were formed; all these pas
sages and chambers were occupied by
graves. After fresh set Of cubicula
were formed opening out of the main
passage, only on rather lower lever,
and so approached by a descent Of
few steps. At the same time another
series of galleries stretching across the
area was constructed at lower level,
gained by another staircase. Still
later an endeavor was made to reach
a still lower level, possibly for the
plrpose Of constructing third set of
galleries, but after sinking certain
themselves below the stratum of tufa
and in stratum of friable pczzolana.
They strengthened their wall with
brick, and made few graves in the
walls of brick, but seem then to have
abandoned the further progress Of their
work in the unsuitable stratum. The
tiles and bricks used in this latest por-
tion of the work bear the imperial
stamp of Marcus Aurelius, and there
fore must have been made between the
years 160 and $50 A. D.
Some time after, precautions were
taken to conceal the entrances to the
cemetery by blocking up the staircases
and making entrances through an
adjoining sand pit. Still later the
cemetery was further enlarged, and
made to communicate with others ad-
joining, and finally the galleries, which
had been lined with dead in the graves
made in their sides from top to bot
tom, were filled with earth, probably
to conceal them and preserve them
from violation in the Diocletian perse-
cutions. The discovery of this interest
ing cemetery is due to Di Rossi, who
found part Of an inscription on marble
in the cellar Of vineyard, which he
conjectured-rightly, as it turned out
to be part Of the tomb of Pope Cor
nelius, which was known historically
to be near the cemetery of St. Callix-
tus. At his suggestion the Pope pur-
chased the vineyard and one adjoining,
excavations were made, and were re-
warded by this valuable result.-Lon-
don Architect.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1901-03-27
Iniprnvin. Soils

In order to get at tie true condition
of things today we need often to take
a back track and note the condition
Of things at the beginning. Old soils
are not new soils. The growth of for
ests for centuries had prepared the
soil for mans particular use. Being
New Hampshire farmer refer now to
New Hampshire lands. The glaciers
centuries ago came grinding down
from the north and left the debris they
had taken on board or shovelled up h.
the way suited for forest growth,
while the water from the melted ice
cut it's way to the sea coast.
We are not told from whence the
seeds of the forest trees came, but the
first settlers in New Hampshire found
all of forest they cared to deal with.
They found their lands numbered up
with giant trees not easy to to deal
with. Yet with the courage of the pi-
oneer they "laid the axe at the root of
the tree it came crashing to the
ground. All but enough for their cab
ins was converted into ashes and
strewn over the soil. Hundreds of cords
to the acre Of the roots decayed in the
soil, furnishing humus for the farmers
benefit for many years after. The
ashes, too, were there 10 do their
work, and the farmer had but to plant
his seed, be it corn, wheat or potatoes,
and he was sure OF large yield. In my
boyhood days the failure of a crop Gf
wheat, corn or potatoes was hardly
known. The first failure was the wheat
crop, when attacked by the weevil.
remember the sad havoc that pest
made. Acres and acres were ruined en-
tirely and wheat raising in New Hamp-
shire soon became impossible. No
fault Of the soil, for the straw was all
right in length, but often injured By
the rust. Many years went by before
any fertilizer but barnyard manure
was talked Of. The demand for some
thing to grow crops was urgent.
Chemistry was ransacked and one en-
thusiastic student declared that the
time would come when farmer could
carry enough fertilizer in his vest
pocket for an acre. A wag standing by
replied, "Yes, and he will carry off the
crop in the other pocket" We want
to get right back to first conditions.
Fill the soil full of humus if it be only
sawdust and shavings; and apply the
needed elements. hard wood ashes If
you please, or their equivalent, and
crops will grow again. Flowing in for
age crops is cheap way of putting
New Hampshire soils in a good me-
chanical condition by separating the
solid particles of the earth one from
the other, also furnishing plant food.
There is an A B G in farming fur
nished us by nature, and it is we'll for
us to so back to first principles now
and then.--z, Breed, In New England
Farmer,
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1901-03-27
Managing the Woot!lot.

Timber land in the section Of New
Jersey where | live is growing scarce,
says Grant Davis, in the American
Agriculturist. There is not l percent
left outside Of the mountains or rocky
elevations which cannot be cleared for
cultivation. Almost every farmer has
his woodlot on the mountain, from
two to 10 acres in size, and sometimes
as far as 10 miles from the farm Be
fore the time of wire fencing, it was
quite a feature of the winters work 70
get out posts and rails. Considerable
wood is still used for rail fences as
well as for posts for wire fences. A
good finished rail is worth ~ 1-2c and
holed post 25c. The original growth
on these rocky slopes was chestnut,
and it still predominates, although on
account Of the severe cutting the oaks
and hickories have got start and
there are also some basswood and
birch. Chestnut is the ideal fencing
wood, as it splits neatly. and i. very
lasting in the soil and to the weather.
There are three ways in which these
woodlots are treated Some are cut
off clean and the stumps allowed to
sprout and are cut again in 20 years.
This is the coppice method. A few are
we'll cared for and only moderate i'm
provement cuttings made. Again, there
are many which are treated with no
system at all. The coppice method de-
pends upon the sprouting from the
stumps for the reproduction of the
wood crop. These sprouts grow rapid
ly, but do not attain much size and are
short-lived. There are lots which have
been cut over two or three times
where the chestnut is dying before it
gets big enough to split for rails. Chest
nut is a good sprouter and will hold
it's own with the other kinds, but for
best results in the long run some seed
lings should be left. Cutting should be
done in the winter or early spring. If
cut in midsummer the stumn will usu-
ally die. The growing capacity Of
timber and the high prices of fuel and
lumber make the farmers woodlot
worthy of his careful attention. It
should be so managed as to get the
most wood out of It every year without
marring it's future usefulness.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1901-03-27
a Naturalist's Bill OF Fare.

In Mr.. Tuckwell's recently published
"reminiscences of Oxford and Of we'll
known Oxford men there is an amusing
account of Frank Buckland, the natu-
ralist, who surrounded himself so COM
pletely with the objects that most in
terested him as to make visit to his
rooms at Oxford or to his house in
London q rather formidable affair. At
breakfast his guests had to make their
way to the table amid monkeys,
chameleons, snakes and guinea pigs;
in other parts Of the house We're to
be found eagles, jackals aud pariah
dogs, upon which one stumbled unex-
Dectedly: while in the little yard out
side the house was picketed bear.
Bucklands fondness for experiment
led him also to play strange culinary
tricks upon his guests, before whom he
set at different times such unusual
viands as kangaroo ham, horses
tongue, bison steaks and elephants
trunk. His brother-in-law used to
quote with glee from the diary Of q
departing visitor this terse passage:
"Tripe for dinner; don't like crocodile
for breakfast. st."-New York Evening
Post.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1901-03-27

having it set up, run it for e few days
in order to test the heat and familiar
lie yourself with it's workings. If af-
ter the second day, you find the re-
quired heat, about 102 degrees; Is
steadily maintained IA few degrees
either way makes little difference),
then the eggs may be put in. Select
eggs of uniform size that are perfectly
fresh, certainly not over a week old,
and those that have not been chilled,
and lay them gently in the machine.
1t matters not in what position they
are placed, as they must be shifted
morning and night during incubation.
The temperature in the incubator
will at once go down, owing to the cold
eggs, but will gradually rise, as the
eggs become heated.
Don't attempt to force up the tenn
perature by applying more heat. Leave
the lamp just as before, and the proper
heat should soon assert itself. AS be-
fore stated, variation of a few de-
SlSCS ludhto IlIllS SHSC,
though uniformity of heat is better.
The strongest chicks are those hatchad
by machines kept at an even tempera-
ture. There is some question as to
time of putting moisture in egg cham
ber, each factory furnishing directions
in this matter.
After the first few matches one will
become familiar with the workings CT
the machine, and need no further in
structions. The principal point to look
after in running an incubator is to ad-
here as nearly as possible to nature,
and remember that it is not the clos
est sitter among the hens that matches
the most chickens. The writer has seen
hens sitting in the coolest months Of
the year come off to feed when the
temperature was almost zero. and still
they brought out fairly good matches.
A strong, fertile egg will stand quite
a lot of apparent rough treatment and
yet hatch, nevertheless, it is not advis-
able to encourage such habits with
them.-Home and Farm.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1901-03-27
British RaYal Succession,

In Great Britain the royal success
sion is in the direct line of de-
scent, males and the descendants Of
males being preferred to females or
their descendants of the same degree
Of consanguinity. 1t would have made
no difference, therefore, if the Empress
Frederick of Germany, who is the
eldest of the children Of the late Queen
Victoria, had remained unmarried; the
Oldest male child of the queen, who
was the Prince Of Wales, and the issue
of his body would nevertheless have
been the heirs to the throne. The older
daughter of Queen Victoria could have
succeeded only if all Of her brothers
had died before their mother and
without leaving any descendants. The
German constitution makes the rank
and powers of the Kaiser hereditary in
the royal house of Prussia. The rule
of succession in Prussia not only pre-
fers males (as does that OF Great
Britain), but excludes females alto
gether.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1901-03-27
journey of a Ticket.

A recent number of the Railway
Journal contains well-authenticated
story OF railway ticket which took a
sudden journ ey on its own account.
AS a northbound train on the Colo
RADIO e. Southern road passed one of
the stations a passenger in forward
car raised window and in an instant
his ticket was blown from his hands
out Of doors.
The passenger naturally gave it up
for lost, and was very much surprised
when the baggag emaster handed it to
him little while later.
1t appears that when the ticket flew
through the window southbound
train was passing. The suction Of that
train, which was moving at a rapid
rate, drew the ticket along with it, and
as it passed the rear end of the north
bound train it blew into the door Of
the smoking car. There it was found
by the baggagemaster
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1901-03-27
Pure Fred Sheep.

The increase in the use Of pure bred
rams to grade up the sheep is account
able not only for the larger clips Of
w, ol, but for the increased demand
for mutton and lamb in our markets.
To use a grade lamb is poor economy
when the pure bred can be bought as
cheaply as now, and the larger profit
in both lambs and wool will soon re-
pay the cost of really good sire to
head the flock. There has been much
said and written about the large profit
to be made in having lambs dropped
in the fall or early winter and ready
to sell in the spring, but unless one
has place well fitted us so tnat the
lambs. can be kept warm we doubt if
there is much more profit in them
than in spring lambs. The extra care
and extra feed take no small part Of
the extra price.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1901-03-27
Improyed Methods in tho Dairy.


American farmers are rapidly turn
ing their attention to the utilization of
farm products on the farms, III order
to derive the most that is possible to
be obtained therefrom. Dairying is
making great progress, but this is due
to the invention of the cream separa-
tor and the improved churns ID dairy
appliances. Compared with the past
well-managcd farm can support twice
as many animals as formerly because
Of the great saving of labor. In some
communities the farmers take their
milk or cream to the factory and bring
back the skim milk to be converted
into pork. If within convenient dis
tance milk is shipped to the cities.
Dairying entails tedious work during
every month of the year and every day
in the week, early and late, but no in
dustry on the farm gives such large
returns, which is demonstrated by the
large number of farmers who are an
nually being added to the list of dairy
men. The dairy farm provides ma--
ket for the products grown, and the
dairy farmer need not grow any crop
that can not be used on the farm.
Dairying gives the farmer greater con-
troll Of his operations. and the work is
also educational. It leads to the use
of better stock, and the farms are
gradually being depopulated OF the
scrub cattle which have caused so
much loss in the past. the pure breeds
rapidly coming into use over all por-
tions of the country. Dairy farms
must also necessarily be kept clean and
in good condition. and they inc ease in
attractiveness as each year comes in
Philadelphia Record
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1901-03-27

The tendency Of heat to diffuse it
self is effected by radiation, conduc-
ton and convection. Nearly all dull
and dark substances are good radia-
tors, while bright polished surfaces
radlate badly. Some substances
conduct heat more freely than
others, silver among the metals being
the best conductor, and as unit of
measurement is taken at 1,0OO. Com
pared with silver as conductor, gold
is 9S1, copper s45, zinc GAL, tin 422,
steel 397 and wrought iron 430.
Glass, wood, gases, liquids and re-
sinous substances are bad conduc-
tors. Water is such poor conductor
that If heat is applied to the top it
will boil at the top while the bottom
will remain cold.-Newcastle (Eng)
Chronicle.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1901-03-27
CHURCHES pEckED. IN PEARLS.
Rare Treasures the Bay Of: Panama Yielded
10 the Spania.ds,

10 me Spdnid.QSs
When the stranger arrives at Seville
and Toledo and the guides conduct
him; to the cathedrals of those old
cities, he is struck with their magnifi-
cence and the abundance of the pearls
which are their finest decoration.
These pearls came from the Bay of
Panama and date from the epoch when
the Spaniards, at the zenith of their
glory, made the conquest Of America.
These Panama pearls rival the most
beautiful pearls in the Orient. Quite
recently, in the spring Of 1899 lad
of Is years found an oyster containing
a pearl which was sold at Paris for
$4,000 francs. For his portion he re-
ceived 10000 francs.
A considerable quantity Of pearls
procured at Panama are sent to New
York, where they do not lack purchas-
ers. One consignment exceeded in
value 100000 francs. The island pearls
are thus denominated on account of
the archipelago in which the oyster
fisheries are carried on. 1t is opposite
the Bay of Panama. The archipelago
is composed Of 16 islets, in which are
80 or 40 small villages Of negroes and
Indians. The soil is fertily but the
principal occupation is that at the
fisheries. The large isle, called Rey,
alone embraces half Of the population.
San Miguel is the chief place of the
fisheries, and there there is very fine
church. The inhabitants are nearly all
blacks. They. are descended from the
negro population, from whom the
Spaniards learned the advantage they
could derive from the island riches. In
certain of the islands there must have
been diamond beds. Some fine re ugh
diamonds were formerly procured.
There are two systems for carrying
on pearl fishing in the Bay of Panama.
In certain spots, where the yield is the
most abundant, it is necessary to pay
the government very high tax. At
other points the tax is small, but a
percentage on the pearls discovered is
added to it. Generally, these pearls are
rather small. They usually bring from
5 to so francs each. Those which
reach $50 to 800 francs are already
much less in number.-Jewelers' Cir,
cular Weekly.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1901-03-27

Have you eating, fostering sores, mucous
patches, sore throat or gums, ulcers. pim-
Piles, itching skin, aches in bones or joints,
falling hair, boils, cancer, scrofula, offensive
catarrh or old rheumatism Then you have
contracted or inherited blood poison. To
cure, take Botanic Blood Balm (B. B. D.
which Is -ade especially to cure the worst
and most deep-seated cases, even when the
bones are affected. B. B. B. heals every sore.
stops all aches, makes new, rich blood,
giving the rich glow of hea th to the skin.
B. B. b. improves the digestion. B. B. B..
thoroughly tested for 80 years. B. B. B.
kills or destroys the poison, drawing 1t from
the system. Drug stores, 81. Treat
ment OF 3. B. B. sent absolutely free by
writing Blood Balm Co., 25 Mitchell ST., At
lanta, Ga, Describe trouble, and free medi-
cal advice given until cured. Costs nothing
to tly B. B. b. Medicine sent prepaid.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1901-03-27
help FOR WOMEN
WHO ARE ALWAYS TIRED

"I do not feel very well, I am so
tired all the time. do not know what
is the matter with me-"
You hear these words every day; as
often as you meet your friends just so
often are these words repeated. More
than likely you speak the same signifi-
can't words yourself. and no doubt you
do feel far from well most Of the time.
Mrs. Ella Rice, of Chelsea, Wis,
whose portrait we publish, write that
she suffered for two years with bear,
ing-down pains, headache, backachc,
and had all kinds of miserable feelings;
all of which was caused by falling and
inflammation Of the womb, and after
doctoripg with physicians and numer.
Gus medicines she was entirely cured by
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1901-03-27

There is moro Catnrrh in this section OF the
country than all other diseases put together.
and until the last few years was supposed to be
incurable. For n great mnny years doctors
pronounced It local disease and presc: ibcd
local remedies. md by constantly failing to
euro with local treatment pronounced 1t in.
durable. Science Inns proven catarrh 10 be n
constitutional disease, and therefore requires
constitutional treatment. Halls Catarrh Cure,
manufactured bg +. J. Cheney & Co, Toledo,
Ohio, is tho only constitutional cure on tho
market. Its taken internally in doses from
10 drops to n tcaspoonful. 1t acts directly on
the blood and mucous surfaces Of tho system.
They offer one hundred dollars Tor any case
1t fails to cure. Send for circulars ami tesl-
moninls. Address +. j. CHENEY IL Co., Toledo, o.
Sold ny Druggists. 15c.
Halls Family Pills arc the best.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1901-03-27
The Last Milk from the Cow.

q The Lh<t MIX fTOlh tHe CUW'
The last milk taken from the COW is
much richer in butter fat than the
first. 1t is important that every drop
of milk be taken from the udder. Much
depends upon the milller and his treat
ment of the animals. Some mixers
will get more milk than others owing
to their knowledge of the Characters
tics of the animals.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1901-03-27
When to Start the 1ncub,tors.

December and January are the
months when incubators should be
started, and few words now about
their management will not be amiss. In
the first place. don't experiment with
cheap or homemade inoubators.
Select the sind you prefer, and aft!s
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1901-03-27
Rest For the Bowels.

No matter what nils you, headache to &
cancer, you will never get we'll until you,
bowels are put right. CAscAnGTs help
nature, cure you without a gripe or PAIN
produce ensy natural movements, cost yo,l
:.ust 10 cents to start getting your health
bnck. CAscARETs CuDdy Cathartic, the
genuine, put up In metal boxes, every tab.
let hns G.C.C. stamped on 1t. Beware cI
mutations
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1901-03-27

Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Com
pound.
If you are troubled with pains,
fainting spells, depression of spirits,
reluctance to go anywhere, headache,
backache, and always tired, please re-
member that there is an absolute
remedy which will relieve you of your
suffering as it did Mrs Rice. Proof
is monumental that Lydia e. Pink
hams Vegetable Compound is the
greatest medicine for suffering women.
No other medicine has made the cures
that it has, and no other woman has
helpeds SO many women by direct advice
as has Mrs. Pinkham her experience
is greater than that of any living per-
son. If you are sick. write and get
her advice; her address is Lynn, Mass
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1901-03-27
Pronosed Alliance with Enrland.

Proposed Alliance with England.
If the United States and England should
form an alliance, the combined strength
would be so great tha. there would be little
chance for enemies to overcome us. In q
like manner. when men and women keep
up their bodily strength with Hostetters
Stomach Btters, there is little chance of
attacks from disease. The old time remedy
enriches the blood, steadies the nerves, and
increases the appetite. Try it for dyspepsia
and indigestion.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1901-03-27

helm going to take day off ext week ior
tho purpose of celebrating the anniversary OF
my birth.
She-When celebrated mino last month
took year of.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1901-03-27
Not Like It Used to Be.

Mr.. Hocorn. Have any excitement while you
was in New York?
Mr. Meddergrass-None. Sence they lut In
these here electric lights feller hasn't much
chance = blow out tn gas
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1901-03-27

If you want "good digestion to wait up
on your appetite" you should always chew
bar of Adams Pepsin Tutti Frutti.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1901-03-27
The Prevailing idea.

Little Jefferson Davis Sogback ian Arkansas
lad)-Paw, what is IN enterprlsin' citizen? "
Old Man Sogback [his father)-Aw! \ yam
kee or some other sort of burned foreignerl
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1901-03-27

Piso's Cure for Consumption is nm infalli-
bic medicine for coughs and colds:-N. W.
SAMUEL, Ocean Grove, Nd, Feb II, 1900.