Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1901-03-17
TNCLE SAM. THE ORIGIN OF THE FAMILIAR
 WORDS. Nicknannes Of Various Nations and How They Came to be
 Adopted.

ment, had it's origin in the war of I1S12. when large quantities of provis- ions for the army were concentrated at Troy. N Y under the supervision of an inspector by the name of Sam uel Wilson. whom everybody familiar ly called "Uncle Sam. says the St. Louis Republic.
 The supplies were furnished under contract by Ebert Anderson and the casks in which the goods were packed were marked with the letters "E. A l. Ss-the initials of the contractor and of the United States. It was said i by some way that the letter stood for "Elbert Anderson to Uncle Sam, and from that day to this the United States has been jokingly called Uncle Sam.
 The name Uncle Sam applies only to the government. but Brother Jonathan is a nickname for all the people of the United States. This dates back to the revolution and re. l fers to Jonathan Trumbull Governor of Connecticut. friend of Washing ton and man ill whom the General i had great confidence On one occa- sion. when Washington had difficulty in getting necessary supplies at the beginning of the war, he was heard I to rem mark
 We must consult Brother Jona- than. The Governor was consulted. and rendered such valuable aid that the saying, We must consult Brother Jonathan, became common in the army when difficulty was to be met, and the people. always ready for something new. appropriated it for a nickname.
 The familisH synonym for the Eng fish, John ns5''. had it's origin in the brain of Doctor John Arbuthnot, a royal physician e' the city of Aber- deen. In The lii.tory of John Bull, :" satire written upon the political events preceding the treaty of Utrecht, in 1713, he thus describes him:
 Bull, in the main, was an honest, plain-thinking fellow. choeric, bold and of very inconstant temper He was very apt to quarrel with his best friends. especially if they pretended to govern him. If you fattered him you might lead him like child. Johns temper depended very much upon the air His spirits rose and fell with the hourglass. John was quick and understood his business very well; but no man alive was more careless in looking into his accounts or more cheated by his partners"
 The people of France are called Johnny Crapand.' not because Gf the Frenchmans suppose fondncgs for frogs as 9 dish but because of an old prophecy of Nostradamus. the French-Jewish physician. which said: Les anciens crapauds prendront Sara the ancient toads shall take Sara Now the old arms of France were three toads, instead of the three ileur-de-lis. as now, and Sara is Aras spelled backward. During the reign of Louis KY the French. after a long siege took this city of Aras from the Spanish, and. recalling Nostradamus' prophecy. they believed they had fu1, filled it. and Jean Crapaund became the popular nickname for the French.
 The name John seems to be fa- yorite in these nicknames. as John Chinaman for the Chinese. and Ivan lyaniyich for the Russians, Ivan being being the Russian form of John Scetchmen are called Sandy. and lrishman Pct. probably boeanse Alex ander and Patrick are such common names among the Scotch and Irish lo, as a name for the Indian. comes from perversion of Pope's well i known couplet
 To, the poor Indian whose untutored mind
 Sees God in clouds and hears him in
 the wind
 The Sick Man of the East is the sohriGuet given to Turkey. The phrase was first used in reference to Turkey by Nicholas, the Car of Rus sia in ls44. The allusioD is to the tottering condition of the Empire which has steadily declined in power since the middle of the Sixteenth cen tury
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