The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1901-07-03

| meut rested (the state sovereignty theory OF
the one side and the nationalist Idea on tn'
other) received more luminous treatnen
than was ever given them In congress aloni
To that time. The speeches OF these Two per
sonages, particularly those Of Webster, are
what give the controversy its Importance. fol
Foot himself and bis resolution were forgot
ten Immediately. 1t was In Websters secono
speech In that debate, the one which is eS
pecially known az the reply 10 Hayne,
which occurred that "liberty and union, now
and forever, one and inseparabe," sen u menl
which put IL In all the school reading BOOKS
century and which aroused devotion 10 tne
Union in its concrete form mat nefVed LID
coin and Grant placed 1000, ,OsO OF federal SOL
diers in the field, and that created at Apo
mattox an "indestructlble union Of indestrnc-
tible states"
Jackson was pleased at the overthrow OF
Hayne, and for two reasons at least-Jackson
was always an ardent supporter OF the idea
of nationality us against state sovereignty,
and he was glad that Calhoun, WHon ne nad
by this time learned was his enemy In the
Seminole war episode in the Monroe cabinet,
and who was understood to be Haynes men
tor in the debate on the Foot resolutions,
was beaten. The second blow of Calhoun
came about ten weeks later. Nullihcatlon-
South Carolina's desire TO nullify within her
own borders the tariff of 1873, which she op-
posed-had been In contemplation for more
than year, and there was TO be dinner OF
the leading friends OF notification In wash
ington on April ID 1891, Jefferson's birthday
anniversary, TO when President jackson
was Invited. All the the toasts leaned TO-
ward the nulllfiers' side until Jackson's turn
came, and he proposed this one, "Cur r ed
eral Union; II Must Be Preserved, giving
particular emphasis TO every word. This
was bomb.shell in the banquet. The multi.
tiers Instantly grasped the truth that In their
conspiracy they would have 10 hght the pres
ident with the whole power OF the United
States behind him, which be would promptly
and fearlessly invoke If necessary.
Calhoun had not yet learned that Jackson
had discovered, through the revelations
made by Crawford, Monroe's secretary OF the
treasurery, that Calhoun, as secretary OF war,
had proposed to censure Jackson for going
peyond his instructions in the Semlnole
war. Calhoun learned the truth quickly al
terWard, however and discovered That be was
now cut off from the presidential succession,
and that his rival, Van Buren,, who had paid
social civilities.to Mrs Eaton, Was made JACK
sons political heir. Then came the rupture
In Jackson's cabinet in 1881 on account OF
Mrs. Eaton, the resignation Of all It's mem
oersI and the creation Of a new cabinet, in
which there were no Calhoun sympathlZers
Van Buren, was nominated for vice-president
IN 1892 and thus put in line for presidential
honors four years later; South Carolina that
year cast its electoral vote in "he air" by CIV
ing 1t to Floyd, OF Virginia, who was not q
candidate, thus assailing Jackson, its party's
nominee for re-ellection; II passed an ordi-
nance OF nuliification on November "a, 1882,
just after the election, and Calhoun on De.
rember % resigned as Vice. president TO take
the place in the senate which Hayne had va
Gated to become governor. In the mean time
Jackson promo,ly warned South Carolina IN
proclamation that the nullitiers aimed At
disunion. that disuDion by armed force was
treason, and that treason would be punished.
What was called force bill was passed by
rebellion in South Carolina, II any should be
attempted, and Clay came forward with one
Of his comp promises. which repealed the tariff
Of 1928 and put an act less Objectionable to
South Carolina in It's place. Under pressure
sons determination that the laws Of the
United States would be enforced in every
state of the Union II the whole army and ma.
w had to be called out TO do It, and CIay's
olina yielded: The ordinance OF nullification
was rescinded and the episode closed.
No southern state went TO south Carolina 9
side In the nullifcation contest, and south.
ern president coerced her, yet her ascendancy
among the southern states had been gained,
and maintained until secession days. Cal.
houn, shut out from the presidency by Jack
sons influence, was awarded into section
al figure, and became aflerward the leader
of locality instead of, as previously, q great
national figure. Under his leadership, which
ultimately became supreme throughout the
south, the. .nulltrcation Idea was broadened in
toise0ession. The whole tendency Of the doc.
trine Of political metaphysics which he evol-
ved during the notification contest and i'm
medlately afterwsrd looked toward disunion
10 the only remedy for the Ills which he be.
lleved threatened his section. On this
ground he opposed the compromise Of 1850,
and declared that the sooner the Issue OF the
union and separation was brought tola phys
cal test the better 1t would be for the south.
His ideas and his stae retained their ascend
ancy after his death. which took place during
the debate on the 1850 compromise, and both
asserted themselves promptly after Lincoln a
election. all the slave states except four (Del.
aware, Msrylan Kentucky and Missouri)
joining hands with South Carolina this time.
After the war and the brief era OF Republi-
can sway in the reconstruction days, the old
aristocratic element regained power In the
state tunder Matthew q. Butler and Wade
Hampton. These were overthrown In polit.
ical convulsions which placed Tillman In the
governors chair in; 1890, and sent him subse
Quently TO the senate, thus putting in the as
cendant lower stratum OF the states popu
lation than had ever obtained political recog
milton In the old days. The Tillmar-M McLaur.
In affair will add another exciting chapter to
the story OF South Carolina's cat acly smie
politics. Charles NJ. Harvey.