davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1897-1901, 1901-03-24
WARD OF A TRUST COMPANY.
n Rascal as Part of the
Corporations Duty.
(From the New York Tribune-l


AS the members were finishing their ci-
CARS in the club smoking-room the con-
Versation drifted to the soullesSnesS or
corporations. That sort of talk is all
very we'll" said the man from the West,
but / have a story to show that the rule
ago the trust company L represent,
through the death of a client. became
guardian of the interests of his widow,
who was minor and an orphan Inc
Young woman was fmpressionaoie- and
soon after her husbands death became
infatuated with a worthless fellow. who
though a married man. gained her prom
Use to eiope with him Suspeetlng some
such action on his part. We induced the
girl to visit friends who might have been
expected to keep a reasonable oversight
of her In spite of cur precautions, how
ever the man made an appointment with
her met her, and was about 10 drive
OF with her when an agent of ours, who
had been detailed to observe his move
meuts appeared, administered sound
thrashiag to him. and advised him to
leave town. lest worse thing DeIali MINI
He chose to stay and cause the arrest OF
our man for assault and battery. We
retained the best counsel available to de-
fend the case and finally won. put at q
cost considerably greater than the value
of the small trust we held IL trust for
the widow-and we just charged IL to
profit and loss and never rendered BILL
I'VE figured that it had been our duty. as
the girls guardian to safeguard her hon
or as we'll as her property. just as her
father or brother would have done II she
had had either. and that's what we did
And suppose she took another oppor-
tunity to run away with the rascal, after
all" suggested a listener
That's the funny part OF H. She was
deeply grateful to us after the affair was
over. and in the course of year or two
married a really nice fellow.
The times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1897-1901, 1901-03-24

Taken altogether. the ceramic phe-
nomena of the Southern States seem to
, indicate pretty much the degree of in
tercourse between the nations occupying
the neighborfng land areas as would be
expected of enterprising peoples well
enough advanced in maritime mat
tiers 10 navigate the wide straits
with considerable ease, yet de-
oidediy attached through long oc-
cupation to definite traditional seats OF
hahitat<'n. the tendency being under
such conditions Of association for culture
clements TO pass by infltration from the
higher to the lower culture groups.
MR.. CUsHING's ISyEsTGA ATOMS.
The most significant archaeological in
Vestigations, however. in his connection
were those of Mr. Frank Hamilton Cush-
ing at San Marco. in southwestern Flori-
da, and the explorations of Mr.. Clarence
Moore in the sand mounds of Florida.
The latter has clearly revealed culture
not akin to that of the Indians found
upon the spot when this region was first
visited by Ponce de Leon, but Mr.. Cush-
ings explorations in the old canals and
artificial lagoOns reveal a wealth of
archaeological treasures, all of which
show that the ancient people of southern
Florida were allied 10 those of the An
titles and of Middle and South America
Columbus knew Porto Rico as a place
of mystery, where religious rites were OBJ
served. Herrera, one of Columbus his
tOrians. mentions that sailor from the
discoveries ship reported seeing a man
on the island with a white tunic down to
his knees and an old Indian reported a
cacique. or priest. who was clad like a
Catholic priests Of Spain. The history of
the strange race which peopled the island
centuries ago is all but a closed book
to the scientists of antiquities. and they
win enter upon their investigations in
Porto Rico with the keenest zest.
The remarkable beauty and finish of tht
stone implements of Porto Rico and 9TH
Of the Antilles Islands were not Who'll
~ unknown TO students Of American ar
chaeology prior TO 1876.
Now and then small cOllecti lns had
found their way TO London. COpenhag gen
OF New York. but they had never bear
collected In sufficient numbers for cum
-parative study until the Latimer collec
ton was presented to the Smithsonian
institution. This collection. the fines
known, has only served to increase III.
interest Of archaeOlogists In the prehis
toric inha bitants of Porto Rico.
The times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1897-1901, 1901-03-24

come longer and stronger. throwing the
ankle joint farther up away from the
ground. until in the modern horse the
original ankle joint becomes the knee joint
In the fore leg and the hook joint in the
hind leg BY increasing the elevation OF
the joint from the ground greater lever
age IL gained. thus increasing the forward
spring of the horse when running. This,
IL Is evident, increases his speed BY the
tengthening of the bones the animal be-
comes larger. which is assisted by the law
OF natural selection, further facilitated by
man. until the modern horse has grown
from little animal about the size OF
| poodle dog to one of the large animals.
Another rudimentary part which can
be plainly seen on any modern horse Is
| the horny wart at the knee and hook
| joints. These warts are known to horse
| ner side of the leg and in some horses
| project an inch or more from the leg.
| These are the rudimentary remains of the
plantar surface or sole of the foot upon
| which the prehistoric horse rested 1t
J Is Identical with the hard rough surface
| of the sole of a dogs foot and CORE
| spends, in its relation to other parts of
| the sole of the foot, TO the heel part of
a mans sole In high bred horses these
| warts do not appear large nor are they
| apt to be found projecting far from the
leg. They are attached TO the hide. in fact,
they are a modified part of the skin. In
| low-bred animals they are larger and
more apparent. This is because low-bred
| animals are nearer the original type.
| mere Is Always latent tendency 10
revert or throw back to origina.
| types. and occasionally a horse is foaled
which has one or more undeveloped toes
or hoofs on one or all fo1r feet. Caesar
rode such freak horse. mention of which
has been made by his contemporaneous
biographers and historians. The two
bones which make up the leg of horse
existed as separate bones in the prehis-
toric animal. but in the modern horse
have grown together. This. associated
with gradual increase in speed, especially
on firm, hard ground. has made the mod
err horse one of the swiftest of animals
and has added to his strength Of limb.
The times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1897-1901, 1901-03-24

A new era was now born. A change had
come demanding d modification in the
animal form and habit. Most OF the
forms of animal life were adapted so
completely to the conditions which pre-
vailed before the elevation Of the earth's
surface that a new adaptation was i'm
possible with them aud they persisted and
became extinct. For a time, however.
they remained confined in the pockets
formed by the mountains when they
arose These pockets or valleys continued
| damp and marshy. but so limited IN
area, as compared to the pre-mouutain
period that the UNACCEPTABLE animals per-
ished by the score. This fact explains
why so many fossil remains of prehis-
tcric animals are found in limited areas
and In large numbers.
of these prehistoric animals only three
| have left descendants which are represent
Ell by living creatures today. These are
| the tapIr. the rhinoceros and the horse.
For some unknown reason they were en-
abled to adapt Themselves to the changed
conditions and thus were saved from 'ex-
tinction. or the three types the tapir
and rhinoceros remain but little changed.
They live under conditions similar to
| that which surrounded their origin.
They still haunt low marshy spots in
| hot countries. Their bodies are adapted
| to such envirpnpsent- The tapr has
| changed the least, the rhinoceros slightly
| more than the tapir,e but the horse has
undergone such "a radical change as to
| mark him the one creature possessing the
potentials necessary to survive He was
| the animal Noah whose ark OF potentiah-
ty saved him when the flood of change
covered the earth and all living forms
| persisted.
Let him who bewails his diminutive
| stature take heart and learn OF the little
| four-toed horse. for il was because OF MS
| littleness in part that he was saved ana
was enable to surround himself with the
| condition which would make MN dig. Be
i ing a little animal his means OF protec-
| ton from the onslaughts of his larger
| neighbors was flight. He must run away
| from Them. Speed then was What ne most
| needed. When the earth $ surface was
HAT and low he could not nope 10 iltid q
| spot where he would not be iouhu Ny ms
| enemies. But when the iailu alose ne
| found land condition where ne couLu
| be practically undisturbed by the marsh-
| dwelling Titans To the highlands,
| therefore, he went. But the chahSe from
| moist Welding sell to firm unyieiuinB
ground demanded modification IN the
| feet and legs of an animal whose hnlps
| had been nodded To suit the former coh-
1 ditions. 49,,
| Vegetation was rot so rank am
J abDs aAni an the highlands
The times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1897-1901, 1901-03-24
LoPsIDED MEN AND WOMEN.
differences Between the Legs. Eyes
md Ears of Nearly Everybody.
From the New York SUM

The two sides of a persons face are
never alike. The eyes are out OF line IN
two cases out of i've, and one eye is
stronger than the other in seven persons
out of ten. The right ear Is also, as
rule, higher than the left.
Only one person in fifteen has perfect
ewes the largest percentage Of defects
prevailing among fair-haired people.
Short sight Is more common in town than
among country folk, and OF ali people
the Germans have the largest proportion
Of short-sighted persons.
The CRYSTALLINE lens of the eye is The one
portion of the human body which con-
finues to increase in size throughout life
and does not cease with the attainment
Of maturity.
The smallest interval of sound can be
better distinguished with one ear than
with both. The nails Of two fingers never
grow with the same rapidity, that OF the
middle finger growing the fastest while
that of the thumb grows the slowest
In fifty-fOur cases out Of a hundred the
left leg is stronger than the right. The
bones of an average human male skele-
ton weigh twenty pounds; those of wo-
man are six pounds lighter.
That unruly member. the tongue Of a
woman is also smaller than that of a
man. given a man and a woman of equal
size and weight. 1t may be appalling to
reflect, but II is nevertheless true that
the muscles OF the human jaw exert
force of over 500 pounds.
The symmetry which is the sole intelli-
eible ground for our idea OF beauty. the
proportion between the upper ana lower
half Of the human body, exists IN nearly
All males, bat is never found in the fe-
male American limbs are more symme-
trlcal than those of any other people. Ihe
rocking chair, according to an English
scientist, is responsible for the exercise
which Increased the beauty OF the lower
limbs The push which the toes give TO
keep the chair I'm motion. repeated and
repeated makes the instep high. the calf
round and full. and IL makes the ankle
delicate and slender.
British women are said TO average two
inches more in height than Americans.
Averages for the height of women show
that those born in summer and autumn
are taller than those born in spring or
winter The tallest girls are born In
August
as far as boys are concerned, those
who first see the light during autumn and
winter are not so tall as those born as
spring and summer. Those born IN NO
vember are the shortest; in July, the tall
est.
143 O40 hairs, dark hair OF 1886 while i
red head has only $500 Fair haired peo-
Die are becoming less numerous than
formerly.
A nerson who has lived seventy years
has had pass through his heart about
675 800 tons of blood. the whole of the
blood in the body passing through the
heart in about thirty-two beats The
heart beats on an average of seventy
times a minute, or SC, 80. eco times IN the
course OF a year, 50 thh: the heart of
an ordinary man. eighty years OF age,
has beaten 5000 600 0G0 times. The heart
beats ten strokes minute less when one
| is lying down than when one is in an up
] right position
The times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1897-1901, 1901-03-24
PORTO RICAN ARCHAEOLOGY
The Island Once a Meeting Place
for Religious Festivals.
Interesting Stone Relics mt the
Smithsonian Institution Prehis-
tOric Peoples Came Hundreds of
Miles TO Worship at This Shrine.

The acquisition of Porto Rico by the
United States was a source of the great
est qualification to archaelologists all over
the country. By them the island is consid-
cred the richest field for research which
has been opened to them for many years.
Up to the present time the field is prac-
tically as it was hundreds of years ago
Rich amateur archaeologists visiting the
island at various times have purchased
imperfect relics of a long extinct race,
but this class of collectors buy anything
offered to them which smacks of anti
guilty and, as a rule. their collections are
not of any great scientific value. The
curators of the National Museum are
deeply impressed with the Importance Of
Porto Rico as a field for archaeological
research and they are anxiously awaiting
an appropriation from Congress to begin
extensive investigations there.
Porto Rice was the Carib Jerusalem,
where the prehistoric West Indians and
the people of Central and South America
assembled at certain periods TO celebrate
their religious rites These people, it is
thought. came from the northern and
eastern coast of South America and
Central America. The opinion of archae-
ologists is that these people were the
Caribs They lived along the coast line
for the most part and were sailors and
fishermen. The Windward Islands lying
as they do in a curved line from the
northern coast of South America ofter an
opportunity for insular inter-communica-
ton, an opportunity which the peoples of
the coast lands, extending from the shores
of Florida on the north to far below Rio
Janeiro on the south, understood and took
advantage of as is shown by the pottery
and other relics which have recently been
found, as well as in their language.
The times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1897-1901, 1901-03-24

process of dwindling away, or rudimen-
tation, as II is called. Some skeletons do
not have these splints. but only the ar
ticulatory grooves or facets showing
where they originally articulated.
In the National Museum can be seen
the skeletons OF two horses famous in life
as racers. which beautifully show the ru-
dimentary remains of the bones of the
original toes one is the skeleton of odd
Henry Clay the progenitor of the IA
nous Clay family of Kentucky race
horses. He was foaled in 1851 and died in
1861.
The other skeleton is that of Lexing-
ton, another famous race horse LeXing-
ton was foaled in 1850 and died twenty
FIVE years later. in 1875 tia sustained but
one defeat in the many Ices he ran.
The accompanying cut shows the rear
view of the fOreleg of Old Henry Clay
and the hind leg of Lexington. Here at
the knee joint in the one are seen the rudi-
mentary remains of the metacarpai bones
OF two Of the original toes still attached
in their articulatory facets at the joint.
! These bones are from six TO eight inches
long and slope to sharp point at the
lower end. Sometimes the lower knob
like end of the bone is found at the ankle
joint. with the lower half or third of the
shaft wanting, as is shown in figure ).
| The long bones of the higher animals, in
ending man, grow thinner as they APP
proach the centre of the shaft, until, as
in the fbula, one of the two bones of the
leg from the knee tic the ankle. they be-
come somewhat attenuated In the afro
|
ton the attenuated portion will disappear
entirely before the much thicker ends.
| This accounts for the section wanting
shown in the third cut.
This cut shows front and side view OF
obsolete toes undergoing n process of ru-
dimentatiOn due to uselessness on account
| of the superior length and development
| of the second toe.
! documentary bodies are useless struct-
ures which once performed a service val
| liable to the vital economy. but which
| have become useless from changed con-
| ditions in the body of the animal due II
the demands made upon the creature by
! changed external conditions. The vermi-
| form appendix, that veXing portion of the
( human anatomy. is a documentary organ.
| Rudimentary or vestigial parts are al
4 ways in a degenerative state. vestiges of
a once more developed condition. The
horse in his present condition is one of
| the most modern of animals.
In tracing the history and affinities of
animals documentary organs are regard
! ed by natUralists as far more important
| than highly developed or functional parts
As Darwin says, they may be compared
with letters of a word still retained in the
The times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1897-1901, 1901-03-24

Among the specimens are pott ary.
cuts, smoothing stones. mealing stones
stools, discoidal and spherOidal stones.
beads. cylinders, amulets, rude pillar
stones, mammiform stones, masks, and
stone collars. Many Of the objects are
very similar TO those found in other parts
of America and throughout the world,
but others are so very rare as to merit
the most careful scrutiny and research. -
Some OF the specimens were found In
cases. but the greater part were turned
Up by the pillow and hoe where new lands
were put under cultivation. BY some
scientists # is believed that the makers
Of these Objects were a purely 1eoithic
people; that is, people who lived at the
period when the newest or most recent
rocks were formed The neolithic II Rod
began at the latter end of the Stone Age
and extended to the time when animal
life, some species of which are rot yet
extinct existed on the earth.
According 10 some scholars of anthro-
poiogy the prehistoric Porto Ricans were
not savsges, but in the middle status
of barbarlsm. These people lived in
round and square houses with matched
roofs grouped in villages. They made
pottery, the boldness and truthfulness of
whose ornameutation attest their skill in
that art Their implements of Industry,
so far as they have been recovered, are
the most beautiful known. Their canoes.
capable in the larger forms of holding
2J persons, were eXquisiteiy wrought
with the sides raised with canes, daubsd
with Dtumen. and not fiat out with a
keel Their artists were prodigies in de-
sign and workmanship, the finer forms
in the Latimer collection attest. Their
social life is little understood, but proba-
bly, resembles in the main that OF the Flo
rida Indians.
There is not an entire vessel in the Lat
inner collection, all Of tine specimens being
fragments of various shapes coarse red
pottery well baked. ana some of the
pieces have CLASSY surfaces. A frag-
ment of the bottom of a cup or jar shows
an ingenious labyrinthine design traced
on IL by a deep furrpwing. produced by
a sharp pointed instrument when the clay
OF the vessel was soft. The most inter
sstinR objects IA tina collection are the
The times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1897-1901, 1901-03-24
HEROIC SURGICAL WORK.
Re.uscitation Effected by Squeezing
IA Mans Heart.
From the New York Tribune.)

\ rernarIza Bile story is told in Danish
medical periodical relative to the treat
meut of "A patient who had become as.
nbyXiated from the administration OF
rhloroforrn. The operating surgeon was
- certain Dr. Mag. but the method
which he employed had previously been
suggested by DR.. Prus, of Lemburg.
a laborer, twenty-seven years old, VINO
had suffered from sciatica, was TO De
onerated upon to relieve that trouole.
SbIoroforrn was given and the operation
hesI,n The patient struggled. however,
and when the process of anaesthesla was
CARRIED further he stopped breathing
several expedients were resorted TO IN Or
der 10 restore respiration, but IN VAIN
And there was no longer any pulse.
In This emergency DR.. Mag opened ths
chest. detached portions of the third ana
fourth ribs two and .. half inches Iohs;
and turned them back with the nap OF
tiesh. Through the opening thus ;naoe'
he thrust his hand. The heart was 1lrIn-
" crashed and compressed rhythmlcally-
After a few squeeZes that organ began 10
heat naturally. II was necessary 10 EN-
nioy COMPRESSION again at times. ana aiso
10 initiate the lungs artihcially; But py
those means the patient was kept awe
Tor eleven hours and a nall. ana Dr
Mag is inclined to believe that the man
~oIIid have recovered were II not that
one of the pleura was accidentally pune
tured.
The times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1897-1901, 1901-03-24

gers suspended in the air. This is pre-
csely the condition the ancient horse
found when he stood on hard unyieidlng
ground The soft muck of the marshes
gave ample opportunity for each toe to
functionate in the process of locomotion.
but on hard ground the second toe did the
greater part of the work.
The prehistoric horse did not however.
stand on the tips of his toes, as the cut
will show. All of the toes touched the
ground and sustained a part OF the
weight but to less degree tnan the
second toe which developed at the ex-
pense of the remaining toes in conse-
quence The principle in animals which
produces cailouses on parts OF the BODY
where friction and wear come was the
cause which developed the nail of the
second toe into the hoof of the horse.
The modern horse now walks upon the
tip of the remaining toe. the others
either having become obliterated or
show in the skeleton as mere Splints
alongside of the main bone, undergoing
The times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1897-1901, 1901-03-24

was easily traceable through the rusty
hide. The underlip pendulated in unison
with the movement Of the head. Only
an old horse. an epitome of equine des-
pair. yet that horse had a pedigree and
an ancestry whose antiquity antedated
that of the proudest mobiles of Europe by
millions of years. The knee-sprung fore
legs and sprained joints told a story re-
plete with genealogical interest and the
gnarled boots gave hint of a glorious his
tory when his ancestry bounded in UNI
bridled freedom over the hills and plains
of the world OF antiquity. These were the
days when the world was young and ami
NAL life first made its appearance. The
earth was a paradise of beauty, when
tree and flower grew and bloomed in rank
abundance. The excess of plant life pre-
scented the finst conditions for the en-
trance of new form of life, that of the
living animal.
Among the first of the higher order of
animals to people this Garden of Eden
was the Hyrocathere. the equine Adam
and Eve, the ancestor Of the modern
horse. He was only a little fellow no
larger than our common red fox He had
a long tail. short legs and was fOur-toed.
The earth at that time was low and
marshy, and the long grass and tall vege-
tation completely hid the horse of an
tiquity from the huge beasts which
roamed about tire lagoons and marshes
around about him. They were huge
beasts. whose height and bulk would
dwarf the largest elephant of today. They
were slow moving animals. Their stout
legs aud broad feet with numerous toes
spreading apart when the weight is borne
by them were sufficiently well adapted
for plodding elaboration over marshes
and yielding surfaces,
But after awhile the surface of the
earth began to change. The marshy
lands began TO rise and the water drained
away. The land still continued to rise
like some huge giant awalting from a
long sleep. until the Rocky Mountains
and the high lands Of the Continent of
America reached the sky and left the fly
ing clouds far below. like Hocks OF fright
ened birds.