The daily morning journal and courier., 1901-01-23
In the Thirties.

which was the beginning of this great anC | universal means of locomotion; the new
 London bridge, which marked an eraSin the reform of the bridging of the Thames, 1881 the introduction of steel pens 1852, and the I first reform act, passed June of that year
 fathered by Lord John Russell, began the mons which have gradually made that body l truly representative of the people, and was as hotly opposed by the House of Lords as a
 bill to reform that body would now be op'
 posed.
 It was only the year after that slavery under English rule was abolished by act of | Parliament; South Australia was made a province in 1884, one of the offensive stamp duties was taken off the condition of the f poor was ameliorated by special act, the 1 houses of Parliament were burned making i way for the fine buildings which now grace Westminster, and lucifer matches, one ot the landmarks or modern progress, came l into use.
 All these things were in the nature of foundation stones for the magnificent struc- | ture of the nineteenth century, which, in war and international relations. is won derful century, and is inseparably connected with the name and fame of Queen Victoria. 1 Events of Her Reign. 1 In the year in which the young Queen was crowned. 1888. the modern era of ocean steam travel was marked by the steaming of the Great Western to Ne York, and the first telegraph line was built and operated.
 In the Forties. The modern postofice system became a popular institution by the penny postage was married. Hong Kong, the great Eng fish commercial port, was taken from China and colonial government was estao- 1jshed in New Zealand in the year of he the Queen saw Scotland for the first time in 1S42. and the income tax, now one of the most perplexing and debatahle matters be- fore Parliament and public of Great Brit ain, was reimposed.
 It was in 1Sa5 that polar exploration, one of the most active and successful scientific endeavors of the century, markekd mile stone in the famous expedition of Franklin. The repeal of the corn laws came the next year, famine compelling, after bitter con fict and much disturbance of ministries, the departure from England's old policy of pro tection by import duties, which is to-day lishmen. The famine of 1S46 included the potato rot In Ireland, which had much to do with revival of the violent agitation in for several years; but Daniel OConnel died In 1S47, and that recrudescence of Irish dls- content sank into temporary oblivion amid the stirring events on the Continent, the under Napoleon and his coup d'etat later, which founded the second empire.
 In the Fifties.
 With these events was connected the first
  in 1851, and in the same year a tremendous stride in the wealth of England was made by the discovery of gold in Australia. Then came the Crimenn war, which, in its results. laid the foundation for the in- ternatlonal machinatlons in the East which the establishment of the second republic of 1S4s. and the rejection of the Orleanists. are to-day bringing matters to so serious year of Victoria may be made memorable by another great and bloody contest in the disgraeed domain of the. Sultan. At the heels of this came the sepoy mutiny and that vast territory being taken by the gov ernment out of the hands of the old East India Company. The directors sat for the last time on September 1, 1858.
 In the Sixties.
 Then Queensland was added to the colo nies and more oppressive internal duties were abolished, and, in 1860, what had been done for Roman Catholics was done for Jews, in the entire removal of their dlsa- bilities.
 Queen Victoria paid her first visit to lre- land in 1S61 and the Prince Consort died be rebeon ws hv with sailing of the Alabama from the Mersey in 1862. In 1867 the Dominion of Canada was created as a Federation, the second Reform act was passed, and the S5o.oo0,- year following the transportation of con victs was stopped by law, and then calne the, Franco-German war and its results, the Pope in Italy, and the Berlin Congress; the Irish Church was disestablisnod the first London School Board met. the Queen was proclaimed Empress of India ds7D, England took Cyprus from the Turks ly diplomacy, and, in 1881, Lord Beaconsaeld died.
 Later Years.
 a The elf great Afghan % war was ended and gan, in 1882. Troubous timcs, chiefly diplomatic and Parliamentary in their char lcter, followed until the Queens jubilee in 1887, and the years since have been fu'l. of events still fresh in the public mind, of which the solutions have not yet been , cached. These matters relate to the time of Vic. Queen, which has nevertheless been potent n many crises. Of the incidents comprised n these years, some are specially important In the progress of the world. The repeal # the corn laws. for example marked ,hange of England from a policy of protec- ion to a policy of free trade.
 The reform bills have so extended tbe | franchise and have so corrected it's practice | II Great Britain for the establishment of 1 what amounts virtually to universal saf- rage.
 The progress of religious liberty for the people has been marked in the successive | acts concerning the Jews, which culminated | n the one referred to above, and the release | if the people from q tax for the support cf [ state church, already achieved In IreianG, s in fair way of being accomplished in | England itself
 Popular education has received tremen- lous advance, despite the innumerable ob- tacles presented by the time-honorcd in- | tltut1ons Of an old country, and elementary ducation for the masses now fairly rivals f he same element of civilization in the Jnited States.
 In science, including exploration, tie ro h1n ha if electrical appliances, England has fairly .ept pace with the United States, and in literature, the arts, music and the drama, he Victorian era of Great Britain will 20 town to posterity in the records Of the world with as glorious a fame as brishtcns he names of Queen Elizabeth and Pope leo K
 Everybody knows the story of the happy fife the Queen and her Consort, Prince AL )ert. In view of the present friendly rcla- ions between the United States aud Great Britain it is interesting to note that the rent affair was the last diplomatic contro- rersy in which the Queen enjoyed his CO., peration. Her foreign secretary, had writ en q dispatch concerning the action Of 'aptain Wilkes, commanding the United tates man-of-war San Jacinto, in lemov- ng the rebel enyoys, Mason and Sldei1, rom the British mail steamer Trent in 0 war. Victoria and Albert sat LID very ate one night consulting about this dis atch The next morning the Prince wrote mother dispatch, which the Queen, in turn, ewrote with her own hand, and returned 3 Lord John Russell. This was a cour- aous dispatch, and in that form 1t reached and war was averted The ext day the Prince fell i'll and he died thirteen days later.
 ''God help and console you, as He alone an,' was the message that the Queen tele- raphed to the widow of President Gar cid, when he died in 1881. It was in If t1,1-, |,