davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The San Francisco call., 1901-12-04
ARMED FORCES
ARE ADEQUATE
No Important Reason EXISTS
at the Present Time for
Increase in the Strength of
the Military Organization
of the Country.

It is not necessary to increase our army be-
yond its present size at this time But it is
necessary to keep it at the highest point of
efficiency The individual units who as officers
and enlisted compose this army, are, we
have good reason to believe, at least as eff
cient as those of any other army in the entire
world 1t is our duty to see that their train
ing is of a kind to insure the highest possible
expression of power to these units when act
ing in combination.
to make an infinitely heavier demand than
ever before upon the individual character and
capacity OF the officer and the enlisted man.
and to make 1t far more difficult for men to
act together with effect. At present the fight
ing must be done in extended order which
means that each must act for himself
others with whom he is no longer in the old
fashioned elbow-to-elbow touch. Under such
conditions a few men of the highest excellence
are worth more than many without the
special skill which is only found the result
of special training applied to men of excep-
tional physique and morale. But nowadays
the most valuable fighting man and the most
difficult to perfect is the rifieman who is also
a skillful and daring rider.
The proportion of cavalry regiments has
wisely been increased. The American cavalry
man. trained to maneuver and fight with equal
facility on foot and on horseback is the best
type of soldier for general purposes now to
be found in the world. The ideal cavalryman
of the present day is a man who can fight on
foot effectively the best infantryman
and who is in addition unsurpassed in the care
The San Francisco call., 1901-12-04

The work Of upbuilding the navy must be
steadily continued No one point Of our policy,
foreign domestic. is more important than
this 70 the honor and material welfare, ana
above all TO the peace of our nation in the
future Whether we desire it or not. we must
henceforth recognize that we have international
duties no less than international rights. Even
if our flag were hauled down in the Philippines
and Porto Rico, even II we decided not to build
the Isthmian canal, we should need thor
oughly trained navy OF adequate size, or else
he nrepared definitely and for all time to aban-
don the idea that nation is among those
whose sons go down TO the sea in ships In
less our commerce Is al"ays 70 De carried IN
foreign bottoms We must nave war craft to
protect IT,
Tnasmuch. however. as the American people
,,a,-e no thought Of abandoning the path upon
which they have entered; ana especially In
view Of the fact that the building OF the 18th
rnian canal is fast becoming one Of the matters
which the whole people are united in demand
ing II Is imperative that our navy should be
rut and kept in the highest state Of efficiency
and should be made to answer to our growing
needs. 50 far from being in any way provo
cation 70 war, adequate and highly trained
navy Is the best guaranty against war, tne
cbasnesf and most effective peace insurance.
The cost Of building and maintaining such a
navy represents the very lightest premium for
insuring peace which this nation can possibly
pay
Probably no other great nation in the world
is so anxious for peace as we are. There IS
not a single civilized power which has anything
whatever 10 fear from aggresslVeness on our OUT
part All we want is peace; and toward this
end we wish TO be able to secure the same re-
spect for our rights from others which We
are eager and anxious TO extend TO their rights
in return to insure fair treatment TO US COM
meciaIIy and TO guarantee the safety of the
American people.
our people intend TO abide by the Monroe
doctrine and TO insist upon it as the one sure
means OF securing the peace Of the Western
Hemisphere The navy offers US the only means
Of making our insistence upon the Monroe doc
trine anything but a subject of derision to
whatever nation chooses to disregard it We
fesire the peace which comes OF right TO
Ne 3ust man armed; not the peace granted on
The San Francisco call., 1901-12-04
Continued From Page Four.

an isthmian canal at any time, and which
guarantees 70 this nation every right that II
has ever asked in connection with the canal
IN this treaty, the old Clayton -Buiwer treaty
so long recognized inadequate TO supply
the base Tor the construction and mainte-
nance OF a necessarily American shin canal
Is abrogated. 1t specifically provides that the
United States alone shall do the work of
hullolng and assume the responsibility of safe
guarding the canal and shall regulate its neu-
tral use by all nations on terms of equality
without the guaranty or interference OF any
outside nation from any quarter. The signed
treaty will at once be laid before the Senate,
and II approved the Congress can then pro-
ceed TO give effect TO the advantages it Sc
cures US by providing for the building of the
canal.
The San Francisco call., 1901-12-04

in time of war It should be composed of
graduates of the naval academy, graduates of
the Naval Militia, officers and crews of coast
line steamers, longshore schooners, fishing ves-
sells and steam yachts, together with the coast
population about such centers as life-savIng
stations and lighthouses.
The American people must either build and
maintain an adequate navy else make up
their minds definitely to accept a secondary
position in international affairs, not merely in
political but in commercial, matters 1t has
been well said that there is no surer way
of courting national disaster than to be ''opu-
lent aggressive and unarmed'
The San Francisco call., 1901-12-04

TO sustain the interests OIL Ine nation and the
honor of the flag. The individual American
enlisted man is probably the whole a more
formidable fighting man than the regular of
any other army Every consideration should
be shown him and in return the highest stand
ard of usefulness should be exacted from him.
1t is well worth while for the Congress to con-
slider whether the pay of enlisted men upon
second and subsequent enlistments should not
be increased to correspond with the increased
value of the veteran soldier.
Much good has already come from the act
reorganizing the army passed early in the pres
ent year. The three prime reforms, all of them
of literally inestimable value, are, first, the
substitution of four-year details from the line
for permanent appointments in the so-called
staff divisions; second the establishment Of a
corps of artillery with a chief at the head !;
third the establishment of a ma aximum and
minimum limit for the army. 1t would be
difficult to overestimate the improvement in the
efficiency of our army which these three re-
forms making and have in part already
effected.
The reorganization provided for by the act
has been substantially accomplished. The i'm
proved conditions in the Philippines have en-
abled the War Department materially to reduce
the military charge upon our revenue and to
arrange the number of soldiers so as to bring
this number much nearer to the minimum than
to the maximum limit established by law
There is, however, need of supplementary legis-
lation. Thorough military education must be
provided and in addition to the regulars the
advantages of this education should be given
to the officers of the National Guard and others
in civil life who desire inteligently to fit them
selves for possible military duty. The officers
should be given the chance to perfect them
selves by study in the higher branches of this
art At West Point the education should be of
the kind most apt to turn out men who are
good in actual field service; too much stress
should not be laid mathematics, should
proficiency therein be held to establish the
right of entry to corps d. elite. The typical
American officer of the best kind need not be
a good mathematician but he must be able to
master himself to control others, and to show
boldness and fertility Of resource in every
emergency.
The San Francisco call., 1901-12-04
SHOULD PROVE THEIR CAPACITY
TO EARN AN AMERICAN LIVING


with American labor There should proof
to
which
o and the
the pestinta conditions cie
possibility
The San Francisco call., 1901-12-04

the Great Lakes, the army corps when as
sembled could be marched from some inland
point to some point the water, there en-
barked, disembarked after a couple of days
journey at some other point and again marched
inland. Only by actual handling and providing
for men in masses while they marching,
camping, embarking and disembarking will it
be possible to train the higher officers to per-
form their duties well and smoothly
The San Francisco call., 1901-12-04
RIGHTS OURS,
BUT ALSO DUTY

Development of the Navy Is
Required for the Greater
Success of orr Merchant
Marine and for Protection
of the Country.
The San Francisco call., 1901-12-04

"A great deDt is owing
from the public to the
men of the army and
navy. They should be
so treated as to enable
them to reach the
highest point of eff
cheney, so that they
may be able to respond
instantly to any de-
Y11an1 poo1o ,1r1o,, +ha,,o
The San Francisco call., 1901-12-04

its. Pressure for the promotion of civil Off
cials for political reasons is bad enough. but
it Is tenfold worse where applied on behalf
of officers of the army or navy. Every pro-
motion and every detail under the War De-
partment must be made solely with regard to
the good of the service and to the capacity
and merit of the man himself. No pressure
political social or personal. of any kind Will
be permitted to exercise the least effect in any
question of promotion or DETAIL and if there
is reason to believe that such pressure is ex-
ercised the instigation of the officer con-
cerned, it will be held to initiate against him.
In our army we cannot afford to have rewards
or duties distributed save on the simple ground
that those who by their own merits are en-
titled to the rewards get them, and that those
who peculiarly fit to do the duties are
chosen to perform them.
Every effort should be made to bring the
army to a constantly increasing state of eff
cheney When on actual service no work save
that directly in line of such service should be
required. The paper work in the army, in
the navy, should be greatly reduced. What
is needed is proved power of command and
capacity to work well in the field Constant
care is necessary to prevent dry rot in the
transportation and commissary departments
Our army is so small and so much scattered
that 1t is very difficult to give the higher Off
GERS Gas we'll the lower officers and the
enlisted mem chance to practice maneuvers
in mass and on a comparatively large scale.
In time of need no amount of individual excel
lence would avail against the paralysis which
would follow inability to work as a coherent
whole under skillful and daring leadership.
The Congress should provide means whereby il
will be possible to have field exercises by at
least a division of regulars and If possible also
a division OF national guardsmen once q wear
These exercises might take the form of field
maneuvers. or. II on the Gulf Coast or the Pa
cihc or Atlantic seaboard, or in the region of
The San Francisco call., 1901-12-04
PEACE BEFORE
BLTGHTTNG WAR

More Harmony AmOng Ciz'-
HiSed Peoples Hoped for
by The Executige of the
american Republic and
Explanation of the Mon
roe Doctrine.
The San Francisco call., 1901-12-04

and management of his horse and in his abil-
ity to fight on horseback.
general staff should be created. AS for the
present staff and supply departments, they
should be filled by details from the line, the
men so detailed returning after a while to
their line duties 1t is very undesirable to have
the senior grades of the army composed of
men who have to fill the positions by
the fact of seniority a system should
be adopted by which there shall be an elmna-
tion grade by grade, of those who seem un-
fit to render the best service in the next grade.
Justice to the veterans of the civil war who
are still in the army would to require
that in the matter of retirements they be given
by law the privileges accorded to their
comrades in the navy.
The San Francisco call., 1901-12-04
Additional bat
tleships are
required for
safety of the
nation.

to provide this year for several additional bat
tleships and heavy armored cruisers, with X
Hilary and lighter craft in proportion; for the
exact numbers and character refer you to the
report of the Secretary of the Navy. But there
is something we need even more than addi-
tlOnal ships, and this is additional officers and
men, To provide battleships and cruisers and
then lay them up, with the expectation of leav-
ing them unnamed until they needed in
actual war, would be worse than folly it
would be a crime against the nation.
To send any warship against competent
enemy unless those aboard it have been trained
by years Of actual service, including in
cessant gunnery practice, would be to invite
not merely dinsaster, but the bitterest shame
and humiliation. Four thousand additional
seamen and one thousand additional marines
should be provided; and an increase in the Off
GERS should be provided by making a large ad-
dition to the classes at Annapolis. There is
one small matter which should be mentioned
in connection with Annapolis. The pretentious
and unmeaning title of naval cadet sh
be abolished; the title of ''midshpman," fuIl
Of historic association. should be restored
Even in time of peace a warship should be
used until IL wears out, for only so can it be
kept fit to respond to any emergency. The
officers and men alike should be kept as much
as possible on blue water, for it is there only
they can learn their. duties they should be
learned. The big vessels should be rnaneuvered
in squadrons containing not merely battleships,
but the necessary proportion ofN cruisers and
scouts. The torpedo-boatsf should be handled
by the younger officers in such manner as will,
best fit the latter to take responsibility and
meet the emergencies of actual warfare.
Every detail ashore which can be performed
by a civilian should be so performed, the off
Ger being kept for his special duty in the sea
service. Above all, gunnery practice should be
unceasing. It is important to have our navy
of adequate size, but it is even important
that ship for ship il should equal in efficiency
any navy in the world. This is possible only
with highly drilled crews and officers, and this
III turn imperatively demands continuous and
progressive instruction in target practice. ship
handling. squadron tactics and general discip-
line. Our ships must be assembled in squad
rons actively cruising away from harbors and
never long at anchor. The resulting wear upon
engines and hulls must be endured; a battle
ship worn out in long training of officers and
men is well paid for by the results, while on
the other hand, matter in how excellent
pert.
The San Francisco call., 1901-12-04

The process Of elm
ination of the least fit
should be conducted in
a manner that would
render it practically
impossible to apply
political or social pres
sure on behalf of any
candidate, so that each
man may be judged
The San Francisco call., 1901-12-04

I bespeak the most cordial support from the
Congress and the people for the ST. Louis Ex-
position to commemorate the hundredth
anniversary Of the louisiana purchase. This
purchase was the greatest instance OF expan-
sion in history. 1t definitely decided that
were to become a great continental rspub-
lie, by far the foremost power in the Western
Hemisphere. 1t is one OF three or four great
landmarks in our history-the great turning
points in our development 1t is eminently ft-
ting that all our people should Join with
heartiest good will in commemora ting IL, and
the citizens of ST. Louis. OF Missouri. of all
the adjacent region entitled to every aid
in making the celebration a noteworthy event
in our annals. We earnestly hope that foreign
nations will appreciate the deep interest our
country takes in this exposition and our view
of its Importance from every standpoint. and
that they will participate in securing its sue
cess. The national Government should be rep
resented by full and complete set of exhibits
The people of Charleston. with great energy
and civic spirit. are carrying on an exposition
which will continue throughout most OF the
present session of the Congress. I heartily
commend this exposition to the good will OF
the people. 1t deserves all the encouragement
that be given IL. The managers OF the
Charleston Exposition have reduested the
Cabinet officers to(place thereat the Govern
ment exhibits which have been at Buffalo
promising to pay the necessary expenses. I
have taken the responsibility of directing that
this be done. for 1 feel that it Is due to
Charleston to help her in her praiseworthy ef-
fort. In my opinion the MANAGEMENT shou11
earnestly recommend that the Congress appro-
pirate at once the small sum necessary for this
purpose.
The Pan-American Exposition at Buffalo has
Just closed. Both from the industrial and the
artistic standpoint this exposition has been I'm
a high degree creditable and useful, not mere
ly to Buffalo, but to the United States. The
terrible tragedy Of the Presidents assassina-
ton interefered materially with its being a
financial success. The exposition was pecu-
liarly in harmony with the trend OF our pub
lie policy because it represented an effort TO
bring into closer touch all the peoples Of the
Western Hemisphere, and give them an fi-
creasing sense Of unity. Such an effort was
a genuine service to the entire American pub
lie.
The advancement OF
= the highest interests nf
national science and
Museums and learning and the Gus
libraries are tody Of objects OF art
considered a and Of the valuable re-
great public suits Of scientific exps-
necessity. ditions conducted by
the United States have
been committed TO the
Smithsonian Institu-
ton. In furtherance Of its declared purpose
for the increase and diffusion OF knowIedgs
Continued on Page Nine.
The San Francisco call., 1901-12-04


and train the men to fight them. 1t is of vast
concern that we have trained crews ready for
the vessels by the time they are commissioned
Good ships and good guns are simply good
weapons, and the best weapons are useless
save in the hands of men who know how to
fight with them. The be trained and
drilled under a thorough and well-planned sys-
TEN of progressive instruction, while the re-
cruiting must be carried on with still greater
vigor Every effort must be made to exalt the
main function of the ofhcer-the command of
men The leading graduates of the Naval Acad-
emy should be assigned to the combatant
branches, the line and marines
Many of the essentials of success are already
recognized by the general board which, as the
central Office Of a growing staff, is moving
steadily toward proper war efficiency and a
proper efficiency of the whole navy, under the
Secretary. This general board, by fostering
the creation Of a general staff, is providing
for the official and then the general recogni-
tion of our altered conditions as a nation and
Of the true meaning of great fleet which
meaning is. first, the best men, and, second
the best ships.
The Naval Militia forces are State organiza-
tions and are trained for coast service and
in event of war they will constitute the inner
line of defense. They should receive hearty
encoura cement from the General Government
But in addition we should at provide
for a national naval reserve, organized and
trained under the direction Of the Navy De-
partment, and subject TO the call of the Chief
Executive whenever becomes imminent
It should be real auxiliary to the naval sea-
going peace establishment, and offer material
to be drawn on at once for manning our ships
The San Francisco call., 1901-12-04
There shn11ld he nd

There should be no
, cessation in the work
Of completing our navy.
So far ingenuity has
been wholly unable to
devise a substitute for
the great war craft
whose hammering guns
beat out the mastery
, of the high seas. 1t is
-s
The San Francisco call., 1901-12-04
We now have seven.

We now have seven
, teen battleships appro-
priated for, of which
nine are completed and
have been commits
stoned for actual serv-
ice. The remaining
eight will be ready in
from two to four years,
= but it will take at least
fho4 ffr,aa - -oo,f&
The San Francisco call., 1901-12-04

Good of the
service must
always be the
param O u II t
consideration
The San Francisco call., 1901-12-04

Public owes a
& T e a t debt
to the army
, and to- the
navy.
The San Francisco call., 1901-12-04
CUBA is ENTITLED
TO INDEPENDENCE
WITHOUT DELAY
Porto Rico and Hawaii Should Be
Promptly Developed on
American Lines.

terms of ignominy to the craven and the weak
ling.
The San Francisco call., 1901-12-04

Ability. to COM
n10nd IN en- a
great requis-
lite in sea
service.
The San Francisco call., 1901-12-04

The advancement OF
the highest interests II
national science and
learning and the Gus
tody Of objects OF art
and Of the valuable re-
suits of scientific exps-
ditions conducted by
the United States have
been committed TO the
Smithsonian Institu-
f its declared purpose
diffusion OF knowledge
The San Francisco call., 1901-12-04

Museums and
libraries are
considered a
great public
necessity.
The San Francisco call., 1901-12-04

Continued on Page Nine.
The San Francisco call., 1901-12-04

Training of ma
val men can
not be neg
1ected during
peace.
The Iola register., 1901-02-15
A Specific For Baking.

This story, told by farmer of his
experience with a balky horse is
going the rounds of the exchanges:
Zone day was driving him along
the railroad and just as we got on the
crossing he balked. AT first l was
afraid the train would come along,
then after a while | didn't care wheth-
a train came along or not, and in
about an hour | was afraid one
wouldn't come. just asked to have
train come along. l prayed for
one. Pretty soon | saw one coming.
1t made me smile when the engineer
whistled for me to get off the track, |
laughed. l just climbed out the end
of the buggy, leaned against the fence
and prepared to enjoy the picnic. Oh
but it was sport. The balky horse
went that time. He was distributed
along the track for twenty rods. And
the old buggy and harness looked so
comical. [ never had such fun since
was boy. I sued the railroad COM
pany for 800, jury of farmers gave
me S772.50. 1t is too hard to drive a
balky horse and be christian at the
same time. l tried it two years ago
and gave 1t up as bad job"
The Iola register., 1901-02-15
A. b. Null Wins Prizes.

The REGISTER noted that A. b. Null
of Allen county, went to Chanute and
made numerous entries in the Poultry
Show held there this week. He re-
turned Saturday and says the show
was fine, large room being complete.
ly filled and an exceptionally fine lot
of birds. He had twenty entries at
the show and was awarded eighteen
ribbons, firsts and seconds. He took
the special premium offered on bronze
turkeys, and to do the square thing
for the courtesies shown him, bought
the highest scoring Plymouth Rock
rooster shown.
The Chanute Sun thus reports the
way lola did it:
White Plymouth Rocks-A. B. Null
second.
Buff Cochins-A. b. Null, 1st.
Barred Plymouth Rock-A. b. Null
third.
A. N. Mitchell, Iola-cockerel, 1st;
pullet, lst; Buff Plymouth Rock.
A. B. Null, lola Tom turkey, 1st;
hen, lst.
A. b. Null, Iola-White Plymouth
Rock, cockerel, lst, hen, lst, hen End,
pullet, lst; Buff Cochins-cockerel
Isl, cockerel 2pd, pullets 1st and 2nd;
Barred Plymouth Rocks--cockerel I'd
pullet I'd, hen 1st, hen I'd.