New-York tribune., 1901-05-19
KULDJA AND MANCHURIA
RUSSIA KEPT HER PROMISE ONCF-
WILL SHE DO 1T AGAIN?

grow out OF II, that no apparently has thouzht
| of similar agreement made by the same parties
\ many years ago, which faithfully executed r
| 90 not recollect to have in a newspaper or ,
magazine any allusion to the Treaty of KuIdta
/ which twenty thirty years ago occupied the
thoughts OF the diplomatic world with as grave an
/ interest Manchuria does to-day The sars
| doubts were felt then; the sneers were cas-
at Russian faith: the same mockery fnsinus4sd -
Chinese innocence and trustfulness The parable os
the wolf and the lamb repeated to satietv bu.
in spite Of all. Russia fulfilled her every engage
ment Perhaps IL she equally certain Of fuI
filling them to-day she would have cited this earlier
instance Of good faith but far she has made no
| sign. We cannot always say: "Memenisse juvabit"
1t will be interesting TO glance for a moment ar
the relations between the Chinese and the Mahon,-
etans in the great Province of ILL., Since their con-
quest by Kienlung the inhabitants of Eastern
Turkestan had enjoyed long period of tranauiuitv
and prosperous trade. The Chinese settled in their
cities and brought with them wealth and civiza-
tion such as was before known. To a natu-
rally arid country wanting In communications
they introduced canals and irrigation. and spread
fertility over a vast tract. Boulger saws in his
Life Of Yakoob Beg: The vicinity of the three
cities Tarkand. Yangi FIi5sar and Kashgar became
known the garden of Asia. Corn and fruit grew
in abundance. and from Yarkand south Of the Tfen-
Shan the traveller could pass through an endless
orchard On every side he saw plenty and content
beautiful hamlets and smiling inhabitants These
were the outgrowth Of Chinese domination"
A sMOULDERING Discomfort.
1t is difficult to say how discomfort came into
this paradise but It improbably arose from,
the radical difference the natures Of the peoples
The more martial characters OF the Mahometan sub
iects looked with contempt the mildness Of their
Chinese masters. which they regarded weakness
Whatsoever it's source, however, 1t was smOuIderiny
and widespread; for the occasion of petty
outbreak in small town in Kansuh in the early
sixties the whole country famed up. First tho
TungariS 10 TaraDtChaS M with
them other tribes united The government was
overthrown the authorities driven out. fire and
slaughter swept the land, anarchy prevailed and
the Chinese were unable TO restore order. At this
juncture the Russians interviewed and offered put
down the insurrection. restore tranquility and
regular administration, and they promised wheu
everything properly organized and quiet
cured 70 withdraw and return the province to its
rightful owners. This in 1871. The offer was
accepted the Russians entered the country with
large numbers of troops put down the revolt with
strong hand. established civil administration
and ruled with much hrmness and justice that
large numbers of the Inhabitants who had fed
turned to their usual vocatiOns. and the province
which had seemed completely ruined Ohe whole
province contained only many inhabitants as be-
longed the capitaD, regained its former prosper
ity. Meanwhile the Chinese attentively
watching the progress of events. The success OF
Tso Tsens Tang in the really brilliant campaign
against Kashgaria inspired them with confidence
and after the capture of Yarkand and Kashgar the
Tsung-li-Yamen opened negotiations for the retro
cessIon of Iii by sending Chung How as special
ambassador 70 ST. Petersburg in 1873
CHUNG HOw's MISTAKE
Chung How not fully possessed Of the feel
ings and determination Of his government and
knew nothing OF military affairs. He attached I'M
moderate Importance TO the of indemnity
which China to pay for the cost Of the occu-
patton. He signed treaty at Livadia by which.
while reducing the indemnity 10 the insignificant
sum of 5o0o06o rubles. he accepted from Russia as
complete satisfaction only a portion OF the KuIdja
District and left in her hands the fruitful valley
Of the Tekes River. all the important strong
holds and passes in the Tien-Shan and the city of
Yarkand. But his reception his return China
speedily convinced him OF his mistake He
at arrested stripped of all his offices and
fenced to deCapitaton. while China repudiated his
treaty. which il said he had no authority TO make
and demanded the return OF the entire province in
accordance with the original promise The Marquis
TsenS sent insist upon 1t in the simmer
Of the successful campaign in the Northwest. Rus
sla was naturally reluctant 10 reopen the matter.
and positively refused to receive the second am
which was accorded Tserg was cautious in open
ing his nesota tons and after six months of sSful
amazement of the diplomatic world. TO accept the
complete cession of the province with the excep-
purposes of colonization refuge for those OF
pT p HnnanIIahtI Ia VINO preterred 70 remain Inde-
was fixed at 9.OOOO0O rubles The retrocession was
oR FsbrnsGy m p m ea and nj sRa %s ads5 an s P
to form the new Province of the Northwest.
should have been regarded With s%ch astGnsRment fs
by The other states OF Europe may be reflection
nature. nut certain it is that expected it
would be done aud the question why was de-
in England where the interest in things Chinese is
Russia had put down the insurrection. established
a satisfactory government. brought order out Of
and was quietly I'm control That she should not
keep what she had created and should give UP this
Seemed incredible. and finally opinion crystaliized
into the belief that China far more powerful
dangerous enemy Russia was her neighbor.
had studied her and knew; and England would do
scores of writer's in every form of publication and
adopted by man Tlany leading men among whom may
modified
WILL JAPAN HELP CHINA?
The Japanese changed all this. but at that
time the spectre of the Yellow Terror real.
China's great success in Kashgaria. when she
men'e minds, and they her advance invineihly
on Europe. She was power and was to be pro-
No man thinks to-day that Manchurfa will ever
oe given back; China is very low now. but II IS
perhaps Win the AID of I9SaD os be- aSe asan 10
formulate demand which will De needed
Theretn--an intimate alliance with Japan-he the
future and the strength of China. Together they
can do much. and II they do unite intimately
and oSle. and they know with whom they are deal
ing They know. too, the uses to which they could
command and their limitations and the straits In
which China finds herself to-day are conducive 70
tional preiudices would be almost insurmourtable.
possible understanding. and well COM
prehend the value Of such an alliance 10 Japan
R ana nSs 1 eesn ib bSSy & oI S nfl1srsd g NV me
latter from saining territoriaI advantage in the