Evening star., 1901-02-02
Valuable Points on the Way to At
tain Physical Improvement.
ENDURANCE Bet FER THAN STRENGTH
Prof. Maurice Joyce's Exhaustive
and interesting Directions.
BREATHING AND BATHING

CAS- q rule remarked Professor Maurice
Joyce, one Of the best-known physical in
structors of the country, to reporter of
The Star the other day, more time and
effort is wasted by those seeking muscular
development than is devoted to good pur-
poses. This is due mainly to two things:
a desire to develop certain muscles to the
exclusion of others, and incompetent in
structors. Every boy and girl, man and VIC
man. should devote at least an hour every
day to physical exercise, but to obtain
beneficial results the exercise must be gen.
eral, and never carried to a point where 1t
becomes exhausting. While 1 believe in
muscular development, yet l believe more
in the development of the powers of en-
durance, for everything else being equal,
the man of greater endurance will always
overcome the man who possesses more
strength. Therefore, every exercise taken
should be indulged in with regard, first of
ALL to the development of the lungs, or the
wind, as athletes commonly refer to it; for
unless the breathing apparatus is kept in
good order no exercise, however slight, can
be truly beneficial.
Now, very few people are aware that
there are regular breathing exercises, yet
there are, and they should be indulged in
in connection with every physical exercise
taken The best time to indulge in the
eathing exercises is just previous to work
with the dumbbells. If at home, stand
at an open window if in good health, and
If not, have as much fresh air in the room
as possible. With the hands by the thighs,
the elbows stiff, bend the body forward a
little, letting all of the air out of the lungs.
Now, while in this position, inhale slowly
while raising the arms from front hori
ZOntal to high vertical position, also
raising the stomach and the whole front
chest. Holding that position for a moment,
go back to the first, and repeat six to eight
times. Next stand in the first position and
h. fr,,,, b. 90. L. T,1n
horizontal to a high vertical position, in
halns deep the arms go up, and forcing
out as before the whole front. Next, and
better still, stand with the left foot for
ward, place the hands on each side of the
diaphragm, press in as You go down for
ward to a STOPPING position, eXpelling all
of the air out of the lungs. Then slowly
go up to the first position, inhaling deeply
you do and pushing out and raising the
whole front and side walls of the chest.
When up as far as possible let the mead
drop slowly backward, and in that position
count eight. Then go back and repeat.
There are, of course other breathing eXer
cises. but none better than those L have
mentioned, if properly done.
Drnwback to Development.
'The greatest drawback to perfect physi-
cal Development said the professor, lis
the desire of men, especially young men,
to develop the muscles of the arms and
chest, especially the former, in preference
to those of the back and legs. They for
get. or else are ignorant of the fact, that
work INDUCED in simply for the purpose of
developing the muscles of the arms and
chest make one round shouldered. The
natural standing position of the imperfect
ly developed athlete is that with head and
chin slightly forward chest sunken in and
shoulders forward, all the result of too
much parallel and horiZonal bar work
which calls for strength more from the
chest than from the back, the consequence
being that the pectoral muscles are largely
developed, without corresponding develop
ment of the muscles which draw the shoul-
ders back. 1t is for these reasons that l
emphasize the necessity of what 1 term
'posterior work it being my aim to first
develop the muscles which expand the
chest and hold the spine erect
THE mistake Of those who practice body
building, l repeat, is to develop the mus
cles of the front chest too much. 1t has
been taught by some that front dips on the
parallel bars, throwing the chest forward
between the breast bars and using the
chest weights, standing with the back to
them, will pull the shoulders back and
down This is a mistake, for years of ex-
perience proves to me that this anterior
work causes one to become round shoul-
dered and fiat chested, thus decreasing the
size of the lung room, for L have found
that those not practicing anterior work to
4 large eXetent have much larger lung
capacity than those who do. For instance,
when one opens wide an umbrella he en-
largeS It's dimensions and the same thlnS
happens when one practices poSterlor work
he enlarges the dimensions of the chest,
thereby increasing the size or the lung
room. Therefore, / would advise all prac-
ticing physical exercises, no matter what
they are, to devote the closing hour to pos
terror work which, as l have pointed out,
develops those muscles which hold the BODY
erect without conscious efoft.
For the Posterior Muscles.
"The posterior muscles are those found
in the back of the shoulders, and II they
are properly developed they will hold the
shoulders back and UP better than any
brace ever designed. Indeed, now and then
| indulge too much in work which develops
these muscles, and for a while find myself
absolutely tied back as 1t were and uh-
able to bring my arms forward to natu-
raj position Therefore, while | strongly
advocate the development of these posterlor
muscles, | always at the same llne eau
ton my pupils against induglng too much
in the work which secures their develop
ment Now, to reach these important mus
cles stand in front of the chestweight ma
chine, facing it, with the handles frmly
graSDed. Then, with the arms kept Shoul-
der high and straight, bring them out TO
the sides horizontally, repeating from eight
to sixteen times. Next, with the arms as
before, bring them up to vertical position
and then back again, repeating from elght
| to sixteen times. Then, from the first po-
sition, bring the hands as far apart as pos
| sible, to right angles to the sides, repeating
also from eight to sixteen times. These
movements may be extended and also mod
| ified very advantageously by indulgence in
| regular dumbbell and wand drills care be-
| ing taken to keep the arms stir, so as to
| insure the movements which will reach the
| posterior muscles, for If the arms are bent
| the biceps or upper arms and chest will be
most effected.
Where the Man Lives.
'"The middle third of the body is where a
| man lives. Therefore, it Is the most i'm
| portant part to exercise. By the middle
| third l mean, OF course, the trunk. The
| arms and legs receive certain amount Of
exercise in the performance of routine
| duties, but that part of the body wherein
are seated the digestive, circulatory and
! respiratory functions. and the most JIM
| portant, therefore, is the one which is, as a
| rule, neglected to,.a more or less extent
| The best results in, the development of this
middle third of the body can be obtained
better by number Of moderately rapid
| movements with meditm weight than by
| fewer movements with heavy weights. So
it is that l am a great believer In drill
work as l am convinced systematic de-
| velopment is quicker and better secured
| through drill work. with wooden dumbbells
| weighing from one to two pounds eacn.
| Suph work In NV opjniOn. is real body