The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1901-12-22

I'm oIihhk AZ ofab
of Mr.. Hollands essay on the sub
jcct Is the stress laid upon the fact
that one man In the British House OF
Commons was not only alive TO the difficulty
Of the problem presented by the opposed
views Of the mother country and the col
onies touching their relations, but also
OWNED and formulated the right solution
Of IL. The man to whom we refer was Mr.,
Pownall, who had been the Governor OF
an American colony. The experienoe
which had been his on both sides OF
the Atlantic suggested to his acute and
far-sighted mind the true remedy for the
troubles which threatened the disruption
Of the British Empire. Unfortunately for
England. his was the voice Of n crying
in the wilderness; no man regarded him,
Parliament said Gov. Pownall, writing
in i7os, has by a solemn act declared tina
it hath q right to make laws which shall
be binding upon the people OF the colonies,
subjects OF Great Britain, In oil cases whdf-
soerer, while the colonis say. in oil cases
rhich can consist Nth the fundamental rules
Of the Constitution. by which limitation they
except the case Of taxation where there Ii
not representation He adds: when con-
trary propositions are alternately brought
ny tHt TtpTtbtiibdtiN" '" WV
peoples as the avowed principles OF their
respective constituents; when an inferior
government which invariably Acknowledges
It's dependence on a superior and supreme
government. thinks 1t hath a right TO call
into question some cxertions OF power in
that government by rules which limit the
extent OF the power OF that government,
IL is absolutely necessary either to decide
such questions or TO give such explanations
Of the matter that 1t may cease to be a
question, for so long as IL continues in
doubt the parties will alternately charge
each other with arbitrary principles and a
spirit Of sedition. with tyranny and with
rebellion" Gov. Pownall proceeded TO
pose the question at issue: How far the
colonies are to be governed by the rigor
Of external principles, by the supreme
experimenting power Of the mother country;
how far by the rigor Of internal principles
Of their own peculiar body polite. And
what ought TO be the mode OF administra-
ton by which they are to he governed in
their legislative, executive. judicial and
commercial departments, in the conduct
Of their money and In their
power Of making peace and war Such,
in truth, was the problem offered for i'm
mediate solution to a generation insult
ci .ntly equipped by experience or reflection
to solve IL.
Mr.. Holland goes on 70 show. however,
that Pownall himself, who had lived in
America as well as In England. and studied
history. and thought Independently. did
manage to strike upon the true solution,
He held that a colony was sovereign as
to it's internal affairs. n those only. 1T
is. so far as respects its W jurisdiction
within its own community, national though
not independent. Ii cannot be independent.
because. so far as il is a part OF the whole
Empire OF Great Britain. it Is subordinate.
Colonists, he maintained, had a right 10
political liberty -as far "a Is consistent
with the vital unity, efficiency and sdius
suprcmd Of the imperium of the sovereign
State They had a right to enjoy within
the limits of their internal affairs "a Tree
government of the like rights, jurisdic-
tions and preeminences, az they did enjoy
within the State from whence the colony
emigrated. They have the right TO enjoy
the like power Of reasoning and VIII IN
a similar legislature; a like iudicature.
and like executive powers, so far a. re-
spects their interior rights. within the
bounds Of their corporation as the Govern
mrnt Of the mother country hath within
its realm. In short, the colony has n right,
a. n politically free being. to all those IN
ternal powers which are essential 10 lis
being a free agent" All outside this sphere
belonged. thought Pownall. 90 the sover-
cign power Of the mother country, which
could also in the last resort. Intervene
IN the domestic aTlirs Of a colony The
British Government was supreme, except
in so far as II was limited by It's own crea-
lion Of free political communities. and
he colonies, within their own sphere,
wer, sovereign or FREE, except % act IN
a way opposed TO their due Authorization
20 the imperial power. All this is nov
dogma universally accepted. but In the
seventh decade Of the eighteenth century
Il war fooiishne.s in the eyes Of all except
a very Few
II IL commonly said hat England profted
by tha loss - her thirteen American colo
nice m tho sense hat she learned the right
method - treating colonies thereafter.
EvoH Mr Holland s"ems, at lines to take
lac visW Il the matter 1hr assertion IN.
volye- a fundamental mi~cOnoeplpn -
rl4ish history PROM oar DECLARATION
Il Independence more dan two genera
.luu. - IHshsL statesmen IiSs"i away
hsfHur England lraurd ths le--Iu, 80.
in uthrf ~uids. i-rfsrr the British Parlls
mcgf ,n lsin Adopted lItd Durhams plan
flf tho treatment 81 tAnAdA. lard john
i.4-.sll thon r-lreatlug from tIs Position
siiUh loo hat hius-if r.oentl, maintained.
tha' fuil f-IfossntAuN. -suscfnus"nt surh
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