The Washington times., 1901-09-23

were successful and the Volunteer S
model showed that he had studied hard.
Her water line length was SIS feet inch
cs, her beam 23 feet inches and her
draft 10 feet. On deck she measured JOG
feet inches. She had a clipper bow sim
liar to the Thistle. and was cut away for
ward below the. water line. When meas
| ured it was found that the Volunteer had
to allow the Thistle only six seconds in a
forty-mile race.-The Volunteer won cas-
ly and it was six years before there was
another cup contest.
Lord Dunraven in 1893 brought over
| the Nalkyrie IL. another Watson boat
and by that time designers had figured
out how to get around the rule. of meas
| ur.ment by giving their yachts abnormal
overhangs, so that when heeled under the
pressure of the wind in their sails the
water line length of the yacht would be
| much longer than when floating on an
even keel. Instead of giving them fine,
hollow lines forward, the full water line
| was tried and it is this model that is
| being used now. The Valkyrie was S5I.
| feet on the water line and over all she
measured i26 feet. She had three inches
more beam than Watson's previous chal-
lenger, the Thistle, and 16 feet inches
draught. The lead, about seventy-five
| tons, was placed very low and was bulbed
in shape.
To defend the cup four yachts were
built Two were designed by Herreshof.
They were the ViGilant, centreboard
boat which drew IA feet inches and was
e6 feet beam, and the Colonia, keel
boat, drawing Is feet with "a feet beam.
From Boston came the Jubilee a fin keel
lara wit ri a oh
the fin, and the Pilgrim, an out-and- -out
fin keel, drawing 20 feet. All of these
boats carried from forty to seventy tons
of lead on their keels and had enormous
spreads of canvas. The Vigilant was Sc
lected to defend the cup and she defeated
the Valkyrie.
Two years later Lord Dunraven came
again with another Watson boat also
named ValkyTie. This time Watson gave
the challenger 26 feet inches beam. which
was more than any yacht sailing for the
cup ever had had, and he gave her a
draught of lSl2 feet, with nearly eighty
tons of lead on the keel To defend the
cup Herreshon designed the Defender, a
keel boat with . feet beam and ~ feet
draught. This boat in the case of the
challenger was of composite build Both
yachts had steel spars. In the trial races
the Defender defea the Vigilant and
the Jubilee and she kept the cup on this
side.
The Columbia was built two years ago
tc met the Shamrock /. A little more
beam and draught were given her than
thu Defender, also more lead, which was
placed lower A quicker turn was given
to ner bilges, so that she had flatter
floor to sail on than the Defender and
she was able to spread 1870 square feet
of canvas. To try to win the cup Sir
Thomas Upton had commissioned w
Fife, jr.. to design boat, and while her
general dimensions were very nearly the
same as those of the Columbia. her form
was very different. She was a full-bodied
boat with powerful quarters, but these,
while they enabled her to carry n big
spread of canvas, retarded her progress
through the water and sne lest the race
This year Sir Thomas Upton has brought
over another Shamrock. this one designed
by Watson. This yacht has more beam
and more draught than the Columbia In
model she is very different. She has not
a fiat floor, but is rounded and while In
the drydock recently she was called a
symphony of symmetrical curves" Mr.
watson made many experiments with
models last year. and the Shamrock ii is
the result of those experiments.
The dimensions of the different cup
challengers and defenders are as follows: