davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1901-12-07
MONROE DOCTRINE.
1t Is Not Intended ns Hostile
En.onnnu NafiOna.

1t Is Not Intended as Hostile to
European Nations.
1.-The Monroe doctrine says the presi-
dent, SHOULD be the cardinal feature OF
the foreign policy of all the nations OF
the two Americas as 1t is of the United
States. The Monroe doctrine Is
a declaration that there must be no ter
ritorial ACKNOWLEDGMENT by any non
American power at the expense OF any
American power on American soil. 1t Is
in nowise intended as hostile to any ma
ton in the Old World. Still less Is 1t In
tended to give cover to any aggression by
one New World power at the expense
Of any other" =.
1.-The work of upbuilding the navy"
says the president. must be steadily
continued. No one point of our policy.
foreign or domestic, Is more important
tina this to the honor and material well
fare and, above all, to the peace OF our
ration in the future. Whether we de-
sire it or not we must henceforth recog-
nize that we have international duties no
less thai international rights. There
should be no cessation in the work OF
completing the navy"
The president concludes this portion OF
his message by pointing out the require
ments of the service and urging upon
ongress to give the matter early con-
%sideration.
President Roosevelt also gives the other
branch of the service considerable atten-
ton. No incre; Sc in the army beyond Its
present size is needed at this time.
Various matters of Importance to the
army are considered at length n con-
eress is invited to give it's attention to
recommendations for improvements In che
service.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1901-12-07
ACROSS THE IsTHMus.

Construction of the Canal II Urgent
~ Recommended.
No single great material work which re-
mains to be undertaken on, this continent
is OF such consequence to the American
people as the building OF a canal across
the isthmus connecting North and South
America. Its Importance to the nation "a
by no means limited merely to its mates
rial effects upon our business prosperity,
and yet with a view to these effects alone
1t would be to the last degree important
for us Immediately to begin 1t. While It's
beneficial effects would perhaps be most
marked upon the Pacific coast and the
guIf and South Atlantic states, II would
also greatly benefit other sections. 1t Ii
alphabetically a#work which It ID for the
Interest OF the entire country to begin and
complete az soon az possible; II 10 mi OF
those great works which only a great ma.
AN undertake with prospects Of sue
cess, and which when doneSare not only
permanent assets In the nations material
interests, but standing monuments to ita
constructive ability ssE 4, 3&ssssf
IsMIlam gladsto be able to announce Z
Z sto. you that our negotiations onffhis Z
= subject With Great Britain. con Z
= sducted ION both sides In spirit OF Z
II friendllnea6 and mutual good Will. =
ma respect have resultedlhnny be- Z
OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES the senate Q
1t1SatySWh q Is sattdsd,ss Nillssnabls Z
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1901-12-07
FINANCIAL SAFEGUARDS.

Thuese Should he ThrcWn About the
Present Laws.
TheEactapf SMarchs14 1900 Intended tin-
eauivocalIy TO e1tablishsgoad iasgthe 9
ard$mpney and III smaintain at parity
stherewith IN forms Of money medium IN
use wtthsSua,, has been shown to beetinaely
n tudictpus price 4 our govern
mem bonds An WOrld..s market when
comparedsW with rice OF similar 0bli-
9ationes issuedsby other@natiOns fssa nat
fer4nr tribute 80 our public credit. This
condition II assaevildentiyssde desirable to z main r I'M
~
AInMAMany 5IeapectA the IlaftOnal a
- hankia1 INV furnishes suficient lib-$4
p arty for the proper8exerclSe#sof the
Y banking function, butg therebgeemsstoaA
= needff 1fNbetterasafegaard agatnstSA
D { deranxinikHTinfiueap mi =
= SciaisSc q tseSss snnaAotalsspanies
Observation-Disclosures Ii
shouldssd e ma esssTespOngiYe t0sasthe sSydpes-s
snlands; 81. ssopiErsddornaeeysitAA trade r & ON
Thsscoiiecfionsss datiss son imports
sandSinternaIssth lei cnntinsie
sordinafy EexpenditufelssOt ~ thesgoyernn4sns,,
THANKS matnlyy army s,x.;
spenMtuFsa TtSeE slsfNa cstssse 9 y
faken Rot{ stie eysnNss % that
there IN 6iaty u RI 4 d All
MISUNDERSTANDING Alnst nv s!ch cop
ssftrliGgesncy lsShpnlaSk A9opfed Mtlcsf
sTssiiil abrtnsg heSrr1Yesnue9slngay It'll ~
limit q Setslsl Nsdasslns g.
lyrperff nesSsths ao9
Z Afss sss d as1ss sa5sa'.'
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1901-12-07
RECLAIM ARID LANDs.

ysfSssagS 49, S.Hs@SA%HaN
TIM Fresidsnt RecOmNelldsSlthe En-.
N,3S@a9tnent Of IFriHatiOn Lava.
wiso administrationf;of the sforest,
reserves WHIP 5notSlcss helpful to h M
sterestS which depend ons WAterSslthan TO
those which depend on wood ndggrass..
The watersupply1 itself depends8Supon@thse
Sforests il sthe arid FeBtonsatisSWateE,anot;
sland, which prodnction,s The
WIesfefn1ghalf Y the uMftedSStates
sn1eainaa spepulaatiolS greaterssth thaxsoe
urSsWhples country freddy f sthe@Mafefa
fhatfnoW#run8to WastessWerA saXedSSands
hssd 4orSirrdtgation. The forest andNwAte
}prohlemS aFessperEiappsth essmostsv iinstI
,ternaEsauesti0ns 4 tAa AJnttsda6tates
sS5ssCAertain Emo rA1erVe 81 Shoulds
Mo 6sy3nnade 4 SfotsthaS1ildYo fee3s
:5creeSsfuressNA ilsofSSt hessxeSlSy1G should hN
better Ip5rnptectedss42rpsnsAt ssss ~ Ssoff them
u SpetRiERpe0tSctlot SSeASisSs
~ Stnere119ea J6iNESS3 43aysasSsAfk M
s0fheeSa Htmal1Es III Xe10N66tonkE#gEalk
'ShoW0D MhafsiBaaE Sbesyxpte4edSN
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1901-12-07
MERCHANT MARINE.

American Goods Should he Carried
In %American-built ShfI.s.
The. condition of the American merchant
marine Is such as to call for immediate
remedial action by the congress-. It is
discreditable to us as "a nation that our
merchant marine should be utterly insig-
nificant III. comparison with that of other
nations which we overtop in other forms
of business. We hould not longer submit
to conditions under which only a trf1ing
pOrtionsOfs our great commerce Is carried
in our own ships. To remedy this state of
things would not merely serve to build
up our shipping interests, but 1t would
also result in benefit to all who are inter
ested In the permanent establishment Of a
wider market for American products and
would provide san auxiliary force for the
navy. Ships work for their own countries
just as railroads work TOR their terminal
points. Shipping lines, if established to
the principal countries with which we
have dealings, would be Of political as
well as commercial benefit.
From every standpoint it Is unwise .
. for the United States to continue to .
- rely upon thess ships of competing .
. nations for the distribution Of our .
. foods. It should be made advance
%tageousttos carry American goods ins4
Q A~merican-built ships .
Atfpresent American shipping Is under
certain great disadvantages when put In
competition with the shipping of foreign
countries. Many of the fast foreign
steamships, a a speed of fourteen knots
or above, are subsidized, and all our
ships, sailing vessels and steamers alike,
cargo carriers OF slow speed and mail
fact that the original cost Of building
American shfua IA greater than IL the
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1901-12-07

and the doctrine Of private ownership OF
water apart from land cannot prevail
without causing enduring wrong. The
recognition Of such oEpership. which, has
been permitted to grow up In the arid
regions, should give way to a more en-
lightened and larger recognition Of the
rights Of the public in the control and
disposal of the public water supplies,
Laws founded upon conditions obtaining
In humid regions, where water Is too
abundant to Justify boarding 1t, nave no
proper application in a dry country.
In the arid states the only right to
water which should be recognized is
that Of use. In irrigation this right
should attach to the Ian reclaimed and
be inseparable therefrom.
~
q Granting perpetual water rights to .
- others than users without compensa- =
- ton to the public Is open to all the .
q objections which apply to giving .
. away perpetual franchises to the .
. public utilities of cities. =
few OF the Western states nave al
ready recognized this and have incorpo-
rated In their constitutions the doctrine
of perpetual state ownership of water.
The benefits which have followed the
unaided development. of the pest JUSTIFY
the nations aid and corporation In the
more difficult and important work yet to
be accomplished. Laws so vitality Affect
ing homes as those which control the wa
tie. supply will only be effective when
they have the sanction of the irrigatoEs;
reforms can only be final and satisfactory
when they come through the enlighten-
ment of the people most concerned. The
larger development which national aid IN
sures should, however, awaken In every
arid state the determination to make Its
irrigation system equal In Justice and
effectiveness that of any country In the
civilized world. Nothing could be more
unwise than for isolated communities to
continue to learn everything experiment.
tally instead of profiting by wha is al
ready known elsewhere. We are deal
ing with a new n momentous question
in the pregnant years while institutions
are forming, and what we do will AFFECT
not only the present but future genera
tons.
Our aim should be not simply to re-
claim the largest area Of land and provide
homes for the largest number of people,
but to create for this new industry the
best possible social and industrial condi-
lions, and this requires that we not only
understand the existing situation, but
avail ourselves of the best experience of
the time in the solution Of its problems.
A careful study should be made both by
the nation and the states of the irrigation
laws and conditions here n abroad.
Ultimately it will probably be necessary
for the nation to cooperate with the
several arid states in proportion as these
states by their legislation and admin
istration show themselves fit to receive 1t.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1901-12-07
Il INTERSTATE COMMERCE.

Son OF the PROV1AtGnS OF the FEes"
sS emit Law should BE Changed. +
In 1851 81 measure was enacted for the
regulation 6f interstate railways, COM
monty known as h interstate commerce
ect. The cardinal provisions of that act
were that. railway rates should be just
and reasonable and that all shippers, To-
and commodities should be ac-
corded equal treatment. "A commission
was created and endowed with hat were
supposed to be the necessary powers to
execute the provisions Of this act.
That law was largely an experiment.
Experience has shown the wisdom of its
purposes, but has also shown possibly
some of its requirements are wrong,
certainly that the means devised for the
enforcement Of its provisions are defec-
tive. Those who complain of the manage
ment of the railways allege that estab-
lished rates are not maintained, that re-
bates and similar devices are habitually
resorted TO; thai these preferences are
usually in favor Of the large shipper; that
they drive out of business the smaller
competitor; that while many rates are too
low many others are excessive and that
gross preferences are made affecting both
localities and commodities. Upon the 9TH
e.. hand, the railways assert that the law
by Its very terms tends to produce many
Of these illegal practices by deprfving car
riers of that right Of concerted action
which they claim Is necessary to estab-
lish and maintain nondiscriminating rates.
The act should be amended. The rail-
way lisa public. servant. Its rates should
be juct to and open to all shippers alike.
The government should see to it that
within its Jurisdiction this is 80 and
should provide a speedy, inexpensive and
effective remedy to that end. At the same
time 1t must not be forgotten That our
railways are the arteries through which
the commercial lifeblood of this nation
flows. Nothing could be more foolish than
the enactment OF legislation which would
unnecessarily interfere with the develop
ment and operation of these commercial
agencies. The subject is n Of great I'M
rortance and calls for the earnest atten-
ton of the congress-.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1901-12-07

Q us. to, begin preparations for an 18TH q
Q mian canal. at any time. and which Z
q guarantees to this nation every right q
q that 1t has ever asked In connection =
. with the canal.
-
In this treaty the old Clayton ulwer5
treaty. 80 long recognized as inadequate
to supply the base for the construction
and maintenance of a necessarily Amert-
can ship canal. Is abrogated. 1t specific
ally provides that the United States alone
shall do the work of building and assume
the responsibility of safeguarding the
ana and shall regulate It's neutral use
by all nations on terms OF equality with
out the guarantee or interference Of any
outside nation from n quarter. The
signed treaty will at once be laid before
the senate, and II approved the congress
can then proceed to give effect to the
advantages it secures us by providing for
the building of the ANA
q The true end Of every great and .
q free people should be self-respecting .
q peace. and this nation most earnest Q
q ly desires sincere and cordial friend Q
. ship with all others.
Over the entire world OF recent years
wars between the great civilized powers
lave become less and less frequent. Wars
with barbarous or semi-barbarous peo-
plies come in an entirely different cate
CORY, being merely a most regrettable
but necessary international police duty
which must be performed for the sake of
the welfare of mankind. Peace can only
b kept with certainty where both sides
wish to keep 1t, but more and more the
civilized peoples are realizing the wicked
folly of wal and are attaining that con-
ditfon of just and intelligent regard for
the rights of theirs which will In the end.
as we hope and believe, make worldwide
peace possible. The Hague gave definite
expression to this hope and belief and
marked a stride toward their attainment.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1901-12-07


OuE experience IN? the past mas =
shoWn that sweeping revisions ofthes4
Z 1ar1I are apt to produce.conditions .
= closely approaching panic In the bus !
mess World.
yer IT Y not only possible, butsemfnent-
~ aesiraple, g combtne with the sta
Dulty oL%our economic system g supple
mentary system Ct reciprocal beneft and
with other nations. Such reci-.
.procity e an incident result Of the
Irm ESTABLISHMENT and preservation OF
our present economic policy. Twas
specially provided or IN the present tariff
law.
= .Sfeclproctty must be treated as the y
= handmaiden ofIproiection. .
-
Our nrstF 4 siss To- see that the pro
sIectlo4g granted by the tarif1 1n-every case
whereM is needed is maintained, and that.
reciprocity be sought for so far as It can
SAFELY be done without injury to our
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1901-12-07
length. and I ask our attention to, the

at length. and / ask your attention to, the
report and recommendations:
I call special attention to the need OF
strict economy In expenditures. The fact
that our national needs forbid US to be
iniggardly IN providing whatever 10 actu-
ally necessary to our well being should
make us doubly careful to husband Y
national resources as each Of US husbands
his private resources by scrupulous aFoid-
,ance OF anything like wasteful or !eck.
less expenditure. Only by avoidance OF
spending money on what Is needless or
iunjustlfatle can we l~egltimately keep our
income to the point required to meet our
needs that are genuine.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1901-12-07
PROTECT THE FORESTS.
Establishment of n bureau OF For
estfy In Recommended.

N~ku H.NAsH - -~n.-.-- ---L
1s.a 0l.sn OF q Hureau OF For
m ~ AZ Z.
~ = e.. uepaIlnenl OF agricuiture curing
tne past hlteen years mas steadily broad
en aean us Work on economic line and has
s,,.'d.nm results u rear Vaiue IN up
panomass . ul.eseic ulu ,orelkn tIaae. u
mas sohe am.o new nelas until II IS now
and With two : 5 tha is,sn ~ our country MY
has,o ,ata,. - ~ asianu sloups suas
n,hnsa ,a.say oon !. un nue. our Jurisalctlon
y "Aiii ve,i ps"pie NUS ~ =. loon 70 asticult9re as
g. nnaano =. seanIM!hs she Worla
M. sna, as."s ny Veseea-
i ~ vpesta a. ns.su Lur n~..louuction lnto
1880 go ~ seve.ai STATS anu ,ertl-
o,r as mnsle .aey inay aaa Ma.erially 70
so,, .vn y, oy sc.en.llc attentlon 70
hraaaanS anu pussiule nsw cEops, "
G.seuins - NV vaI!eties q plants, 10
a. nlpLienls, 70 amman nous.
a ~ M ~ appniassu cieinis.iy, very Practlcai
stoot. ias ~ s.ysn our nalHllls anu
~ 80 = .Ale,ss.s. ihe prooucts
ni.oa tn a.. .iass 1851 an uiplscsoente
p 4ha4 ~ sApo,e .laue CURING tne
AAMA
rY.,tsa sly naa Ine \
ny - : s S.ases mas .noveu sseaollv To- 7
n =, farast ns. a s.tha.haa u Tue vaiue 4
S.x..aSH pianteu o1 VI
ay,o srao
oraat,on ana p : kaassu ~ .nenl ~ the
Iea,tp ~ an nam na masn ts,s =. sne naelonal
Wa hafora )" 1noie Auiy feai11eu hah
Wise snr.s+ nro+oot,o, 49,. -.
4ha s. ,,. 1use &c -. pro.eeslon uoes not mean
.,sa., masn y oI iorest resources,
c mvs.sSr VOL tpo. w wMter. srass' rom
sona y. .nH y FAuil. snare 70 the vel
E,a,e. II .ne peop,e, put, IN the contrary,
aavts !. = , ssnasanI :. = .arser ano more
80 sa.a.. sapp = me Iunualnensa .loea
~ :. ,,se En !. : otap..as :. " lores.s
= = n .ss;. a. ss plose..ion = not an engi
o,,.t tasis - ~ :. ~ d ntsans ~ increase any
gus ssea III, ans s, ass o.h,sA 9a our country ana
M ~ inuussrnss mnlcs aspena upon .nem.
. = p.ts,S Ssa sa : = ous aoresrs ~ an
aaapeiaslVe business necssslty; we nave
cone - see clearIy may Whalever ae-
slrGys me 1orest exeept.to make way TOE
as ~ enTeatens QUIZ ven Deing.
Ine prActlca. useluiness OF tne national
EIores. reserves 20 tne mining, grazing, ir-
.lsasioh anu otner lnIerests OF tae regions
IN Wnlcn tne reserves ne mas LED t..
Mloespreaa demand 3Dy OF, the
West lor tneir protection ana extension:
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1901-12-07

The connection between idleness and
mischief Is p~royerbial, and the opportu-
nifty to do remunerative work is one OF
the surest preventives of war. OF course
no business man will go into the Philip
pines unless 1t Is to his interest to do so,
and 1t Is immensely to the interest of the
islands that he should go in. It is there
fore necessary that the congress should
pass avs by which the resources of the
islands car be developed, so that fran
chises (for limited terms of years. can
be granted to companies doing business
in them and every encouragement be
given to the incoming business men of
every kind.
Not to permit this is to do a wrong to
the Philippines. The franchises must be
granted and the business permitted only
under regulations which will guarantee
the islands against any kind Of improper
exploitation. But the vast natural wealth
Of the stands must be developed and the
capital willing to develop It must be
thrown open to individual enterprise,
which has been the real factor in the de-
velopment of every region over which our
flag has flown. 1t is urgently necessary
to enact suitable laws dealing with gen.
eral transportation, mining. banking,
:. currency, homesteads and the use and
ownership of the lands and timber. These
laws Will 6ISc 1Ico pay " lHuuStCldl eli.
terprise, and the commercial development
which will surely follow will afford to the
people of he islands the best proofs of
the sincerity of our desire to aid them.
.
. I call you attention most earnest .
ely to the crying need Of a cable to Q
q Hawaii and the Philippines. to be .
. continued from the Philippines to .
q points in Asia. q
We should not defer a day longer than
necessary The construction of sue a ca
BILE. It. IL demanded not merely for COM
mercial. but for political and military
considerations.
Either the ongress should Immediately
provide for the construction Of a govern
ment cable Or else an arrangement should
be made by which like advantages to
those accruing from a government cable
may be secured to the government by
contract with a private cable company.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1901-08-02

Below are given the, causes in the
August calender.
CRIMINAL CAUSES-JURY.
Territory of Hawaii VS.. Wong Man,
larceny. second degree.
Territory of Hawaii VS.. Edwin s. Gill,
assault with dangerous weapon Han
key for defendant.
Territory of Hawaii VS.. Kamalu, rape;
Allen for defendant.
Territory of Hawaii VS.. H. Ancion lar
| ceny, second degree: Strauss for defen-
dant.
Territory of Hawaii VS.. sweetie Smith.
assault with dangerous weapon; Allen
for defendant.
Territory of Hawaii " Enoka, larceny,
second degree.
Territory of Hawaii ". B. Gusman.
murder, second degree; Kaulukou and
Kaneakua for defendant
Territory of Hawaii " Keyo Hara, lar
ceny, second degree.
Territory of Hawaii v. All Wal, larceny
second degree.
Territory of Hawaii v. Asaf Jap). as
sault with dangerous weapon; Brooks for
defendant
Territory of Hawaii " All I'm. alias
Tong Ing, alias All On, larceny. second
degree.
Territory OF Hawaii " VIM. Wolfson.
gross cheat; vivas, Creighton and Bit
ting for defendant
Territory of Hawaii v. w. Nilsson, lar
ceny, second degree; Vivas, Creighton
and Biting for defendant
Territory of Hawaii ". Noah Kalua,
larceny, second degree; Vivas, Creighton
and Biting for defendant.
Territory of Hawaii V. Kane. larceny.
second degree; Vivas, Creighton AMI
Biting for defendant.
Territory of Hawaii " Joseph Do Rego
Souza, larceny, second degree; vivas.
Creighton and Bitter for defendant.
Territory of Hawaii V. Domingos Fer
reira sexual intercourse with female un-
der "A years; Strauss for defendant
Territory of Hawaii V. All PAX, assault
with dangerous weapon; Magoon &
Thompson for defendant
Territory of Hawaii V. w H Thone.
assault with dangerous weapon; Creigh-
ton for defendant.
Territory of Hawaii v. Kaaihue, rape;
ka1lukou and Kanekua for defendant
Territory of Hawaii " Misumi, vag-
ra11cy; appeal from District Court of
Honolulu; Chillingworth for defendant
Territory of Hawaii V. Matsuo, aiding
and abetting in unlawful sexual inter-