The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1901-01-09

c!al and agricultural irs titutions.gs
3. The intelligence anu skill OIL uie
labor.
AS to the resources we all know the
story. Nature, when she endowed II the
South. turned her cornucop:l big emu
down.
AS to the capability OF the people or
the South to organize and manage lnsu-
tutions and systems to bring feall1dtloi
of great values out Of these vast re-
sources, I have the utmost conldeitee
that there is no deficiency.
In tho first half century after the es-
tablishment of tie Federal Government
the South held her own with marked sue
cess in nanufactures, in commerce, anu
in agriculture.
Although die manufactures and the
commerce of the South dW1ndled as u!le
institution OF slavery grew, 1t was hot
because of any incapacity Of the people
to successfully handle manufactures anu
commerce.
Great as was the capability Oh the
Southern people IN the days whei mo
nation was born and in succeeding Gays
great as was their capacity IN deVeiopilis
the institution of slavery. and the pro-
duction Of tobacco, cotton, rice ana sugar
great as was their capacity in every war
our country has had, but especially IN
the Civil War in which an army OF SIX
check for four years another army OF
more than awo million six hundred
thousand, perhaps the greatest capabllity
ever exhibited by Southern people was
that shown in handling the disorders IN
the quarter century after the Civil war.
These things are now, however, all IN
the past.
ON LABOR.
We are now freed from the institution
of slavery. Our people have rc-establissled
in the various Southern States respectable
governments We have re-established
manufactures We are engaged in the
effort to re-cstabiisf commerce.
The restless spirit manifested by our
labor in the South. tending towards the
fCrma ton of unions, towards the snort
ening of hours, towards increased pay,
] regard TO be the best signs for the
South that have been SHOWN for many
year. l do not say that there mas Set
been formulated for this restless spirit
a proper direction for it to take. I do
not think we ought TO leave it for aliens
and strangers to do this Heaven Knows
that in tn ecarpet-baSsers we nave nad
adventures enough to direct our AFFAIRS.
AS we see the race problem fading
away and disappearing we see also the
labor problem appearing. If we handle
the subject wisely it should bring us no
y
our raw materials it is absolutely neces-
sary that we should have an Intelligent,
moral and thrifty population IN the Fari-
Gus vocations connected with the develop
ment of our wealth of raw materials
Indeed. the values which we get out Oh
our resources will be to my MIND IN eN-
act proportion to the intelligence OIL our
working people.
! wish to illustrate this with some 1is-
ures relating to cotton manufacture. Take
a factory manufacturing 10000 oales OF
cotton a year. These would be worth as
produced by slave labor and soiu aDou'
100000 This cotton when mace III.
plain white cloth is worth sSoo,VVo !
made into dress goods. Sl,S5o,V'o, IL NJ
into lace curtains, S5Oou,oVo' VI 'e4i
its original value.
!, ,he dcyelopuent of this institution
Of slavery we have Seen how adversely
labor may be affected by legislation anu
surrounding influences. II We can pilt'7
these forces to bear in an eHaeaNoi ~
IMPROVE and elevate the character ana
condition of our labor. we may lca7o!'h
lily expect a result IN the Prou t, -
v ca]th that would be both gratifying and
astonishing.
uhe best and quickest results can DC
obtained by the following means:
churches to promote and promuisate
the Christian religion
> Schools. academies and colleges.
3. Libraries and reading-rooms.
l. Savings institutions
). Good roads
CHURCHES.
When the whole population Is taken
into consideration the people oil the south
give about as iul attention TO their
Christian duties as those OIL an! otio'
part of the country.
The preachers say that some of the
trades furnish Il very scant proportion VINO
attend church regularly. 1t is hotap!e
also that this element is most restless and
most Disconnected. / am far from making
the slightest criticism OF their desire 10
improve their condition. But instead OF
leaving it for them to make mistakes Tor
the want Of knowing what better to do it
is important that the right influences snail
no established and that they snail be
shown the right way.
EDUCATION.
I have shown how 100000 worth OF cotton
can he turned into $3,00o,000 worth or pro
duct in fabrics The latter values are ten
times those of the former. 10 get theSe
values REQUIRES ten times more knoWledSe
and skill than that required to get the tor
ner values. Therefore, to get them the
school is the proper organization.
Jhi1adelphia is notable as working
mans city 1t is rare that a strike or a.ny
kind of controversy about Work ana wages
is ever heurd Of in Philadelphia. It's work
nennla give careful attention TO the at
tendance of their children at school when
youns and TO their apprenticeship at a
trade before their maturity AS a result
II is the work-people OF Philadelphia who
make our carpets, who build our SHIPS
who make our locomotives. our lace cur
tains and who follow numerous other proii-
table OCCUPATIONS. for which our work
people in the South are not quallhed elthei
hy education or training. Yet, III respect
10 education and training. many OF our
work-people have done remarkably wei!
onsidering the opportunities we have
given them. 1850,
LIBRARIES AND READING-ROONS,
In connection with this subject OF
schools and libraries there is ample WORK
for all those who feel disposed to interest
the1nseI -rS in the endeavor to Improve
the condition IF Southern labor. it is by
means of libraries AVID rcailng-rooms
that the best opportunity for social inter
course may be afforded 1t is through
tl,ese means that the habit of reading
nav be developed. 1t is also by
hcse means that profitable employment
nay be provided for time that would
herwiSe be idle
SAVINGS INSTITUTIONS.
have spoken OF Philadelphia. Without
trikcs her wor!lOeople have forged ahead