davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-06-03

Lawrence y. Sherman Of Maccmb Speaker OF
the Illinois House of Representatives. Is a law
yer and served his first term in the House in
lSs.. He was reelected in lsss and 1870. and was
chosen Speaker in the Republican House caucus
by reclamation both occasions. He was the
choice of Governor Tanner for Speaker IN 1899.
Governor Yates hostile TO his aspirations in
1901. but Sherman's combinations were too strong
for the Governor. and In the caucus there was
no opposition. He In about ~ years Ok. was horn
in Ohio. but has lived nearly all his life In Nc
Donough. Jasper and St Clear counties. III
nois He taught school for q time. and attended
McKendree College. at Lebanon. Ill. He was ad-
mitted to the bar in iss2. and was chosen County
Judge OF McDonough County in 1sse.
Judge Sherman Is a widower. Mason OF high
tics he was allied TO the Tanner wing. hut
fused 70 use his position as Speaker In 1901 to
assist Tanner against Cullom. at the same time
declaring he would vote for Tanner in the sena
toriai caucus. Judge Sherman is very spare in
physique-ali blood and bone. and has been in
poor health for some time He IL q caustic. In
cisive orator.
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-06-03

cAiIs and Fever ID Q bottle Of Groves Taste3sss
Hnl Tonic. II ID simply iron and Quinine IN
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-06-03
10.DAY'S NEWS BRIEF.
LOCAL AND SUBURBAN.

The Reverend w. d. White in sermon
tells Of Improved conditions in disreputable
places under the orders of Excise Commits
sioner Seibert.
All the Episcopal Sunday Schools Of the
city were represented at the annual ceio-
bration of the Missionary Host at Music
Hail.
The location Of the Worlds Fair is caus-
ing much discussion among advocates ot
the different sites.
Nineteen thousand 81. Louisars visit
Shaw'y Garden on Sunday afternoon. this
being one of the two Sundays in the year
when the garden Is open.
Doctor Roy Stanton will probably die
from injuries received i'm a runaway acci-
dent in East St Louis yesterday.
A boy finds the body of unidentified
suicide in a burning straw stack near
Clayton
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-06-03

liverpool and Queenstown: La Champagne.
Havre: Stella. Genoa. Messina and Paler-
mo.
Beachy Head. June 2-Passed: 0roaser
Kurfurst, Bremen. for Cherbourg and New
York
York, for Antwerp.
Liverpool, June ARRIVED: Philadelphia,
New York mot previously.
Neville. June ARRIVED: Steamer State
pf Nebraska, New York. for Glasgow and
proceeded.
Liverpool, June ARRIVED: Cmhrfa. New
York, via Queenstown.
Gibraltar Juno 1-Sailed: Trave for
Uenoa and Naples. New York.
Queenstown. June 2.-Sailed: Campania
ofom LiverpooD, New York.
Philadelphia, June ARRIVED: Waealand.
4AveTpool via Queenstown.
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-06-03
SPORTING.

The St Louis team will return home to-
day.
8 to 1. with Noodles" Hahn pitching for
the Reds.
20. to l.
em League. winning for st. Paul. He held
Minneapolis to SIX hits. but the Millers got
4ve runs.
Jimmy Dunn got the decision over Mike
LAvelle at youngstown. o.
The New York and st. Louis mines will
oppose each other at League Park to-day.
'e.lverdale. Garry Hermann, Robert Wad-
Cell and The Operator. candidates in the
American Derby. will meet In a mile race at
Chicago with stake weight up.
Turney Bros stable now leads the win
ming owners at the Fair Grounds.
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-06-03
JAMES HERNgE.

died yesterday.
moro than one dangerous resi- These quail
tiles endeared in the hearts Of the public
tha character Mr. Hefne usually chose for
himself. Griffith Davenport. Nathaniel
Berry. the lovable bachelor IN Shore
Acres" and George Shelby IN Uncle Toms
Cabin are all Indicative q Mr.. Herue as
. man az vel! as an actor.
Mr.. Herne was born in Troy, n. r.. Feb
ruary I. 1s3S. He had q beautiful home in
this city and was accounted wealthy The
body will be cremAted.
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-06-03
GENERAL DOMESTIC

+ Several monuments were unveiled at Sc
daha yesterday under the auspices OF the
Woodmen of the World
The negro who killed Christopher Good
wen In Texas was found drowned in a lake.
It b thought he committed suicide.
Oh has been found near Oskaioosa. Mo-,
and a syndicate has been formed to develop
the prospect.
The smelter plant OF the Collinsville Zinc
Company will he removed to lola. kas,
where natural gas will be used as fuel.
Burglars. in blowing a safe at Jasper.
Tex. wrecked the building and started q
nre which burned all but three Of the busi-
ness houses of she town.
Owen Logan was fatally shot - -Arkoe.
Mo-. by the father Of young woman to
whom he was paying attention after having
been forbidden to call upon her.
Burglars have been operating at Alto
Pass. ILL.,. and the citizens are greatly ex-
e1ted.
WaH street reports Indicate that the stock
1naxket has resumed its normal conditions.
lkUAbtnet meeting will be held on Tues
0Gyx - determine whether the President
shan ca3i an extra session of Congress to
act on the Philippine customs problems.
A monument was unveiled at Garland
Tex. yesterday to Pate Balm. who was
murdered I'm a saloon at Dallas.
The International Association OF Machin-
2sts will meet in annual convention at
Toronto, Canada, to-day.
Fire destroyed buildings and stocks val
med at, $4,000 at Quincy. ILL.,, yesterday
morning.
Doctor Lyman Abbott. IN an address to
tho students of Cornell University last
night. scored Christian Science in a pointed
manner
The jubilee Of the Swedish Lutheran
churches of Illinois will be concluded at
Ealesburg to-day.
The wheat and corn crops Of Kansas are
suffering from lack Of rain. Less than half
. yield is predicted.
The crusade against Sunday saloon at
Carlyle. ILL.,. waged by a young lady. was
Dontinued yesterday.
sNrss Mckinley Is in a very feeble con-
ditfon. Each day that passes without rally
1essens her powers Of recuperation. The
President and her physicians are appre-
hensiVG
"A mob at Clinton. Ia. wants to lynch
IN ex-convict who shot a police captain.
e. B. Baldwin. the Arctic explorer. II
poming to St. Louis befo>e starting on his
search for the oole.
,Thes Shelter rust is reported to have
bought ali of the Colorado cyanide and
chloEination plants.
Government reports show that Americas
trade with Spain is larger than 1t was be-
fore the Spanish-American War.
James A. Herne. the actor. died in New
Hork yesterday.
Fire destroyed a theater and four stores
ut Casey. Ill, last night.
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-06-03
FOREIGN.

"A detachment Of Dublin Fusiliers
wrecked their barracks and then repelled
ehe guard with shot and bayonet, injuring
fUo. ..,-
The London Daily Telegraph, commenting
on the reception OF American business men
by the King, says II would be well for
EBglishmen to study trade methods in the
United States The Telegraph also says
shat the mutual interests Of the two coun-
trtes would prevent England from joining q
European coalition.
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1901-01-02
How to Find Out
If You Need
Swamp Root.


fee
the othero to health. A
isre II
of trouble
mind condition take urine
n
settling
ton blu 10
in
scienceh as
the and
the Kidney
an
and
to DR. & Co BInghanton
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1901-01-02
RAIN MARRIED NEW YEARS.
now SAVANNAH WELCOMED THE
ADVENT OF THE NEW CENTURY.

weather Interfered Greatly With the
Scope of the Observance-WOrki <
I'm Enthusiasm With the Weather
Throwing "a Wet Blanket Is "A Mat
ter of Some NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS.
an the Games and Other Attrac-
lions Was Fairly Large-Mhny
SpOrtsmen Spent the Day Afeld
with Gun and DOG-SmaIIbOy Had
a FirecracIzer or Two Left for New
Years Day.
New Years day was not what it might
have been had the weather been more
propitious Much of the ardor that usu-
ally marks the advent of a new year, and
of that which, under favorable circum-
stances, would have marked the advent
of a new century, was missing, and there
was little more than the holiday, the
games, races and the constant exchange
of New Year wishes among friends and
acuuaintances to mark the day as Jan. l.
Few of the retail or wholesale stores
were open after 1 o'clock, nearly all of
the merchants having agreed to close at
were closed all day long, as were all the
banks and the public Institutions. The
railroad offices were closed, some for the
entire and others for half the day.
Despite the weather, a pleasant day
was spent generally. There were num-
Der Of events upon the days programme
that offered prospect OF a good time,
and the attendance upon them all was
fairly good. 1t is rather a difficult matter
to prevent those who have been accus-
toned to hard work, from having a good
time when a holiday Is given them cvol
though the rain may be falling AL Ine
while.
This is the middle OF the hunting sea-
son. and there are a great many enthus-
iastic sportsmen in Savannah. They never
fail to avail themselves of an opportunity
to get afield with gun and dog, and many
of them were out yesterday. Game is
reported to be plentiful, and 1t is sup
posed that very fair bags were secured
by some of the sportsmen.
The small boy was not altogether in
suppression during the day, nor had his
stock of fireworks been completely ex-
hausted. In the run made upon them by
Christmas and the days that have passed
since then, the small boy did not forget
that New Years Day this year was to
be a much greater event than usual, for
the reason that it would mark the be-
ginning Of new epoch. The young
sters were pretty busy with firecrackers
during the day, welcoming a century
with the history of which they will them
selves have a good deal to do.
Last night there was several bonfires,
though the observance OF New Years in
this respect was not so remarkable as
that of Christmas. The twentieth century
has launched itself fairly now, and It was
given great welcome by Savannah
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1901-01-02

After the classes contests the live bird
shooting was INDUCED in. A bird was
tied in box at a distance of 100 yards,
ana its head was tied up so as to extend
above an embankment that was made to
shelter its body from bullets. Heretofore
corn has been scattered along the top of
the emma nkment to makes thee bird keep
ats head exposed while peckine away at
the food. This plan was not found to be
satisfactory however. and ii was given
over for that which was tried yesterday,
and the cord was so fastened TO the tur-
Key as to prevent its head from being
jerked below the butt
The marksmen of ali classes Darticipat-
ed in the shooting at the live birds. Those
of the third class fired first, all classes be-
ing in line and awaiting their turn to
shoot. A turkeys head at 100 yards is
not an easy mark to hit, but it was sell
com that the entire line of marksmen
hred al the same bird II was usually
the case that the bird was killed before
ten shots had been fired. One marksman
Killed his bird with the first shot that
was fired at it. Six of them were shot.
and their winners we're Messrs. H. e
wilson, w. w. Williamson, ]. C. PosteH,
j. G. Nelson, j. P. White and DIR. Under
wood Cochran.
Very soon after 10 o'clock the shooting
began, and the earlier hour than usual for
starting the sport was probably respon-
sible for so many getting out. New Year
dinners were not interfered with, the
sportsmen being able to get back in am
PIE time to enjoy them.
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1901-01-02
WOMAN'S KIDNEYS.
Women AS Well AS Men Suffer and Are Made Mis-
cradle by Kidney and Bladder Troubles
To Prove What Swamp-ROot the Great Kidney Remedy
Will Do for YOU, Every Reader of the forming News
Va Have a Sample Bottle Free by Mail.

Among the many famous cures of Swamp
Root investigated by the Morning News,
none seem to speak higRer of the Won
lerful curative properties Of this great
kidney remedy than the one we publish
this week for the benefit of our readers.
Mrs. H. N. Wheeler, of III High
Rock street, Lynn, Mass, writes
About IS months ago 1 had very
severe spell if sickness. I was ex-
tremely sick for three weeks, and
when 1 finally was able to leave my
bed Il was left with excruciating pains
in my back. My water at times
looked very like coffee l could pass but
little at a time, and then only after
suffering great pain. My physical
condition was such that 1 had no
strength and was all run down. The
doctors said my kidneys were not af-
fected, but / felt certain that they
were the cause of my trouble. My
sister, Mrs. C. E. Littlefield of Lynn
advised me to give DR.. 'Kilmer's
Swamp Root a trial. l procured bot
tie and inside of three days com
menced to get relief. I followed up
that bottle with another, and at the
completely cured. My strength re-
turned, and to-day L am as well as
ever. My business is that of can
vasser, am on my feet a great deal
of the time, and have to use much
energy in getting around. My cure Is,
therefore, all the more remarkable,
and is exceedingly gratifying to me"
MRS. H. N. WHEELER.
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1901-01-02

Mrs. Eugenia NJ. Nathans VIII BE
Buried From Her Residence.

Mrs. Eugenia NJ. Nathans died at her
residence, No. 4Ss Barnard street, at II
o'clock yesterday morning Mrs Nathans
was born in Savannah 6S years ago and
the greater part of her life had been spent
heTe.
After her marriage she moved to Phil
adelphia, but when she became widow,
now twenty years ago, she returned to
Savannah and has since resided in the
city of her nativity. She was a kindly
and charitable woman and her death will
cause profound sorrow among the large
circle who knew her and had learned to
love her.
For five years she had been an invalid
and her death resulted from general de-
bility and old age. The funeral will take
place from the residence at 4 o'clock this
afternoon. Rev. DR.. l. p. Mendes will
conduct the services at the house and at
the grave in Laurel Grove.
The pallbearers will be the young cous-
ms of Mrs. Nathans: Messrs. NJ. Sheftall,
w. r. Sheftall. B. F. Sheftall, r. A.
Sheftall, T. ]. Sheftall, Jr., Philip Cole
man, Leo Coleman and Lester Coleman.
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1901-01-02
WITH HIS OPEN HAND.
DIR. Wilson Tells of How McAIpin
Struck Money


Struck Money.
Another version of the trouble between
Mr. George S. McAlpin, formerly of Sa-
Vanuah. and Capt. A. w. Money of New
York, president of the f. C. Powder Com
pany, has been received. DR.. F. C. Will
son of this city, who was with Mr.. Nc
Alpin when he resented Capt. Moneys
statements to the board of governors of
the Carteret Gun Club, having written OF
the affair to his brother, Mr. II. E. VIII
son.
DR.. Wilson wrote that the report in the
New York Herald of last Sunday relative
to the attack upon Capt Money by Mr.
McAlpin was false. 81 was with him." he
wrote, land know all the facts. Mr. Nc
Alpin put him back in handicaps one yard
two weeks ago, and Capt Money wrote
the secretary Of the club that one with
as much at stake as McAlpin should not
have anything TO do with the handicap
ping. 1t was to get an explanation from
Capt. Money that McAlpin and l went to
his Office
Money, finally, after being pinned
down, admitted that he questioned Meal
pins honesty. Both We're sitting down at
the time, and Money had no sooner made
the remark than McAlpin slapped his
face, using his open hand All that rot
about McAlpin being taken Off the COM
inittees is false. Money will probably be
asked TO resign from the club, and Nc
Alpin viii be protected by It. Some Of
tho very best authorities have advised
McAlpin that by club law he is entirey
right"
Or. Wilson Is shooting in the carterct
Clubs matches. His usual s,'ecess Is at
tending his work. Last Saturday he pull
Cd down nearly 500 In cash prizes
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1901-01-02
LEGAL NOTICES.

~~~~~-~~~~~~~-~~~-~-~~~-~ -~~~~~-~-~-~-~~-~->-~
NOTICE of the first meeting of creditors
in the District Court of the United States
for the Eastern Division OF the Southern
district Of Georgia. In Bankruptcy. In
the matter of j. y. Bagley & Co, bank
rupts In Bankruptcy. To the creditors
of J. b. Bagley e Co. Of wildwood. in
the county of Ware and district afore-
said, bankrupt: Notice Is hereby given
that on the 23d day Of November A. d..
1900, the said J. b. Bagley & co. were
duly adJudicated bankrupts. and that the
first meeting Of their creditors will be
held at Brunswick, in Glynn county, on
the 18th day Of January A. D.. 1901. at 10
o'clock In the forenoon. at which time the
said creditors may attend, prove their
claims appoint a trustee, examine the
bankrupt and transact such other bust
ness as may properly come before said
meeting. A. j. CROVATT.
Referee in Bankruptcy.
Dated at Brunswick, Ca, this, the 3ist
day of December. 1900.
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1901-01-02
NEW ORLEANS PUGILIsT HERE.
VIII Fight Twenty-Five Rounds at
the Theater on Night of 18th.

the Theater on Night of 14th.
Pete Poretta, a young pugilist claiming
New Orleans as his home, arrived in Sa-
vannah several days ago and is training
at Thunderbolt, for a bout scheduled to
come off at the Savannah Theater on the
night of Jan. II. Poretta has arranged a
match with Austin Rice of New York, an
other lightweight, who is said to be quite
clever.
The men are to fight twenty-five rounds
for decision, the winner to take a purse
of S4o0 Shorty" Jenkins will be the ref
cree, and has already announced that he
will challenge the winner. Rice viii leave
New York for Savannah next Tuesday
and will go into training at once. The
men will probably enter the ring weigh
ing 100 pounds.
Mr.. Thomas Mcbride, a well-known To-
cal sporting man. says that he has seen
Poretta in the ring, and that the Southern
boy is a good one. Mr.. Mcbride is back
ing the lad from the Crescent City, but
there will be no betting until Rice puts
in an appearance. 1t is claimed that
Poretta has never lost a fight, while Rice
is said to have a similar record.
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1901-01-02
TURKEYS WE'RE THE PRIZES.
SUCCESSFUL NEW YEAR SHOOT OF
THE RIFLE ASSOCIATION.

The shoot Was the Most Successful
the Association Has Ever Held on
New Ycar's-The Attendance Was
Large and Would Probably Have
Been Larger Had 1t Not Been for
the Weather-Turkeys In Class
Shooting Fell to Messrs. Minis,
White and Dickinson-Iive Birds
Wilson, Williamson, White, Pos
tell, Nelson and Or. Cochran.
The most successful in its history was
the New Years shoot of the Savannah
Rifle Association at the range yesterday
morning. The attendance was large, and
all the members had an excellent time.
The weather was so threatening that it
was probably instrumental in preventing
an even larger attendance. Though there
were slight sprinkles now and then, at
no time during the shoot was there enough
rain to interfere with the marksmen.
Turkeys were the prizes for which the
members contested. All who shot were
divided into classes, of which there We're
three. The best shots were put in the
first class, the next best in the second
and the rest in the third. The shooting
was regarded as remarkably good, being
far above the average. This. too. after
the members had been without practice
for several months.
Shooting for and at turkeys was not the
only pleasure incident to their morning,
for the members of the association had
an excellent oyster roast prepared, and
great pleasure was found in partaking Of
the bivalves in this, often considered their
best, form. Other refreshments were at
hand in plenty, and the marksmen lacked
nothing to contribute to their bodily COM
fort.
Following are the scores that were made
in the three classes: In the first class
the turkey was won by Mr. Abram Minis,
who led his highest competitor by two
points. Capt ]. p. White was the prize
winner in the second class, his score be-
ing higher by inverse order than Mr..
G. A. Quantock's, who made So, also. Mr..
G. E Dickinson won out in the third
class by inverse order, also, his score
of rs beating three other 7Ss in his class:
xydc 900 Nd Total
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1901-01-02

~~~~~-~~~---~-~~~-~~----~-
WANTED, AN EXPERIENCED
bookkeeper and cashier; state experience
and give address of two last employers.
Answer p. o. Box 1872. FIT. White Fla.
WANTED, statesmen FOR FINE
Kentucky whistles and wines; barrel and
case goods; salary or commission. The
II. Nj. Rye Co., Lexington, Ky,
ONE GOOD WOODSMAN WANTLl)
at once; satisfactory references must be
given. Address 81. j., Box s." McHen-
ry, Miss.
Statesmen WANTED TO SELL OUR
goods by sample 10 wholesale and retail
trade; we are the largest and only man
ufacturers in our line in the world; liberal
salary paid. Address, Can-Dex Mfg. Co.,
office rs Board Of Trade Building. Savan-
nah, Ga.
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1901-01-02
FoR sALE-REAL EsTATE.


FOR SALE. THOSE LOTS ON NINTH
street. near East Broad; have only been
sold to irst-class parties, who will make
good neighbors; and none others can buy
The terms are very easy, and they are
cheaper than any Others In the vicinity
c. II. Dorsett.
FOR SALE, LOT Fer TWO HUN
dred dollars; easy terms on Ninth street,
near East Broad; no city taxation. c. II.
Dorsett.
FOR SALE, LOTS ON NINTH STREET
near East Broad; no city taxes. at 500
each; twenty-five dollars cash, and easy
monthly payments. c. II. Dorset
FOR SALE. LOTS on NINTH. NEAR
East Broad AT $500 each; will soon
be advanced to $225; when lot has been
paid Tor I can arrange to get a home
built. c.. II. Dorsett
RESIDENCE AND BUILDING LOTS
for sale all over the city. Robert II.
Tatem, real estate dealer. No. York
street. west.
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1901-01-02

swamp Root will do just as much foi
any housewife whose back is too weak to
perform her necessary work, who is al
ways tired and overweight who feels
that the cares of life are more than she
can stand. 1t is a boon to the weak and
ailing.
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1901-01-02
PRoPosALs WANTED.


FORT FREMONT, s. c., Jan. 2 1901.
Sealed proposals IN triplcate will be re-
oeived here until Feb. 2, 1901. for construc-
ting three frame buildings. Infornla-
tion furnished on application. L.
s. reserves right 70 accept or reject
and or all bids. Envelopes containing
proposals should be marked Proposals
for Construction" addressed Stanley d.
Embick, q. IA.
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1901-01-02
FoR NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS..

LARGE WAREHOUSE AND OFFICE
FOR RENT, CORNER BROUGHTON
AND WEST BROAD STREETS; FOR
MERLY, OCCUPIED BY THE SAVAN-
NAH CARRIAGE AND WAGON co. H.
p. SMART.
TO RENT CHEAP, LARGE TRACT
farm land: suitable for grazing or other
purposes at Pooler Apply 2O6 'Habersham
street Savannah
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1901-01-02
MEDICAL.

. HOW ARE YOUR FEET? IF YOUR
feet are troubling you. call on me and
will give you relief; cure ingrowing
nails, corns and all diseases OF the feet
without pain; charges reasonable; can
give the best references In the city; pa
tents treated at residences; orders can
be left at Livingston's drug store, Bull
and Congress streets; telephone 293. Lem
Davis. surgeon chiropodlsG iof 3pT
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1901-01-02
Shattered by cannon Popper.

Lawrence Simmons, a 13-year-old colored
boy, living on Charlton street. between
Price and East Broad streets, had por-
tion of one hand shattered yesterday by
a cannon pepper. His wound was dressed
by Dr. Davis.
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1901-01-02
PHOTOGRAPHY.

COMMENCE THE NEW CENTURY
right. Go to Wilson'S studio. Al Bull
street, and have a good photo of your
self or family made now. Your friends
will appreciate it a hundred years hence.
Wilson makes a speciality Of portrait en-
largements ard carries fine assort-
ment of frames at low prices, compared
with what others charge you. Go there
for everything Photographic. Wilson's
studio, Al Bull street Established 1864.