davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Red Cloud chief., 1901-05-24

deserved or not. the ;mputation Of cow
ardicc. The fact probably is that
stephens was not a coward; but while
being a splendid organizer, he failed
TO rise to the full height Of a leader
when the situation was ripe for action.
He vas more a man for the council
chamber than the field. Soon after this
he sailed for France. whore he re-
manned until 1885. lie then came to
the United states. whore he was pre-
scented with a purse of $4,000. In 1891
he was unoHcially informed that II he
would give up all further Fonian agi-
tation he might return to Ireland. He
accepted the Offer and the closing days
OF his life were spent in retirement in
Dublin.
The Red Cloud chief., 1901-05-24
swift BIrds aud Fishes.

The worlds swiftcst travellers are
found in the air and water. They are
the birds and the fishes. Carrier
pigeons have been known TO attain II
speed of ninety miles an hour. Wild
pigeons often fly hundreds of miles in
a day to feed and return to their roost
at night. Audubon estimated that they
travelled at the rate Of a mile a minute.
Migrating birds fly over great distances
and therefore must have great strength
as well as speed. Bobolinks often rear
their young on the shores of the north
crn lakes and then spend their winters
in Cuba and Porto Rico. TO do this
they must twice cover Il distance of
nearly 5000 miles or more than one
fifth the circumference OF the earth.
The humming bird travels fully 1000
miles a year and many other small
birds exceed this distance.
The racers of the water are the sal
mon and swordfsh. Only a running
horse could outstrip a salmon for it
can swim a mile in less than two min
utes and keep this up for some time,
The salmon is also noted for its leap
ing ability. having been known to leap
up waterfalls II feet high. 1t prepares
for a jump, just as n boy does, with
short, sharp run. II the water at the
foot OF the fall is not deep enough &c
allow this run, the leap cannot bs
made.
The Red Cloud chief., 1901-05-24

a comfortable resting place Tor their
heads and not a fetter for their feet.
1t was upon the 18th Of May. 1903,
that Casa Calvo. being sent from
Havana for the purpose, Jointly with
Gov. Salcedo. proclaimed the coming
surrender Of Louisiana and its con
templated terms. and they held them
selves in readiness for the hourly ex-
pected arrival OF Gen. Victor. Instead
of him came a rumor. painful to Laus-
sat, and incredible to the Creoles. who
had so lately received the news OF tho
cession to France with the liveliest de-
light, and about the las; of July. 1903,
n vessel from Bordeaux brought the
official announcement that on the 18th
of the preceding April Louisiana had
been purchased by the United States.
The Ces'ion Of Louisiana.
On the 3Oth Of October Congress aI-
thorized the President to take posses
sion of the coded territory. On the 30tn
of November, with troops drawn NJ in
line in the Place d'Armcs and with
bAS' lluI 40 VI dtlllltl y 1dlt'tlDs III NV
hall of the Cabildo. delivered to I.aus-
sat the keys Of New Orleans. and Casa
Calvo declared the people Of Louisiana
absolved from their allegiance to tn"
King of Spain. From a Flagstaff in the
square the Spanish colors descended.
the French took their place and tn"
domination of Spain in Louisiana was
az an end.
On Monday. the 10th of December.
1903. with similar ceremonies Iaussat
turned the province and the keys OF its
port over to Commissioners Claiborne
and Wilkinson. The French t%ri-color.
which had fiua;cd over the Place a.
Armes for only 20 days. gave place To
the Stars and Stripes. ana New Orleans
became an American town. The price
paid was Sl2. zoe, 000. together with So
$50. 900 for French spOliatior claims.
The Louisiana Historical Society hasS
taken the initiative in the matter Of
this unique reception to President Me
Kinlcy. aud the idea was accepted with
enthusiasm hy the citizens of New Or
leans. \ banquet will also be rendered
the President. and il is possible that
the CrcOles of the city may give HIM
a ball at tn" historic French Ope'i
House. whore all the mystic cdrni'al
balls have been held.
near IA port or ON one of the short rail-
roads. Good fruit land is worth f,om
s. To $40 an acre, according To iOca ion.
The shippers of New Orleans find in
Porto Rico a good market for rice.
The Californian. which arrived az
Ponce last week from New Orleans.
brought 5000 packages of rice, which
were disposed of very readily Rice
and Goldfish from Novia Scotia brought
here on schooners is the chief diet Of
the Porto Rican.
The Red Cloud chief., 1901-05-24
FOUNDED FENIANS.
NOTED FIGURE OF FORTY
YEARS AGO.
when u ruii- Pledged Revolution Faced
ngIand- james stephens In Ills Day
O~vershaiowed O'Conneii aud other
Leaders Of the Irish Cause.


TO those interested IN the National
list movement in ireland the name OF
James stephens. who died in Dublin
a few days ago. is little more than Il
memory. They have heard nf him as Il
great Fenian leader of other days. bu
he is not remembered ~, for instance,
they remember OConncll and Parnell
Nearly half a century ago, however,
James stephens was the most promin-
ont Irishman In or out oi ireland. ~"
believed in l%iherating his country ~
physical force. and at Onc time he was
all but successful In launching a well
developed revolution.
stephen, ~ an Organizer.
stephens was born not far from Duh
lin and was educated at Dublin Uni
vorsity. He was n great linguist, n
fluent speaker. and Is said 20 have been
the greatest organizer which the Irish
N%ationalists ever had. lie had u pc
culiar faculty OF convincing the masses
that what he said was right and that
what he promised would be fulfilled.
lie WIS III lHt l'hhh l''l"hN
of 1913. which began with a splurg"
and ended so ingloriously. Fired by
his association with Irish patriots at
hat time. Stephens began almost as
soon as the rebellion OF as collapsed,
to plan for another. In 10 years hi5
plans had so far matured that drill
classes were meeting nightly In Dub
lin and vicinity. and young lrishmen
INDUCED high hopes Of freeing their
native land.
what the Irish patriots needed.
though. was skilled military leaders.
These they had not. but the civil war
In the United States furnished a school
for Irishmcn on this side OF the At
lantic In which to learn the art OF
war and the skill to command, when
they hoped to be able 10 practice in Ire
land when the civil war was over.
Under stephens direction active en-
listment in the various Fenian soci-
cites was undertaken in 1864, and Sc
cret drillings were carried on all over
the island.
This activity had been preceded the
year before by Il convention in tho
United States. at which Stephens was
proclaimed the practical head of the
Irish nation. or, as he was called By
the Fcnians, the central organizer ofth,
Irish republic. John O'Mahoney was
The Red Cloud chief., 1901-05-24
UNCLE SANS SALARY.
No Wonder Washington Never Expert
enCps Hard Times.

enCps Hard Times.
According to the latest Official list,
there are 1886 public f~unctionarics of
various Kinds and degrees employed
exclusively in the District of Columbia
conducting the numerous departments
and bureaus Of the federal government.
These are the civilian appointeos in
the executive departments and do not
include senators and representatives
and several hundred employees o. the
houses who vibrate between the capt.
tai and their homes in other parts OF
the country. Nor does this aggregate
include $50 or 400 army and navy OH
ccrs. active and retired, who form a
large permanent colony. The monthly
compensation OF these l9,446 civilian
employees amounts to 81 1855, IOS.Sl.
Therefore the aggregate sum in salar-
les annually paid out in Washington
by the government disburslng clerks
reaches the enormous total Of SlS,b2S.-
sos. ~. Besides. probably no less than
1900. 900 additional goes to the sena-
tors and congressmen and their subor-
dinates and perhaps 81 $50, 900 more to
the army and navy officials, most or
whom are OF high rank with large pay.
there being constantly in Washington
not less than sixty generals and admi-
rails. active and retired. These totals
form a grand aggregate Of $23,SIS. 5O5.I2
annually paid out in Washington in the
single item OF salaries.
1t is II vast. unvarying, constant
stream of cash flowing frumthe govern
ment Golfers into the hands OF the
banks, business houses and profession
al men of Washington. the official per
sonnet of the United States acting
merely AS middlcmcn, because this
money is largely spent or permanently
invested. In all the departments sat
aries are paid scmi-monthly, and II de-
sirable the o~fiice-holder can draw
sums o%ftener, if the money is due him,
but this is dependent wholly on the
courtesy of the disbursing clerks. II Is
not singular. then, that there are never
any hard times in Washington. The
money for these vast salary disburse-
mcnts Is not squeezed out OF Washing
ton Itself, except perhaps an intinitesi-
NAL portion of it toward defraying the
expenses Of the local government, but
the great bulk of it comes from else
where. poured into the city's lap by the
nation at large from internal revenue
taxation. custom duties, etc, mainly
levied elsewhere. This is a distinct fea-
ture not enjoyed in any other city in
the union-similar disbursements in
the great municipality OF New York,
for instance. are made from the mon
eys raised by local taxation. In other
words, IL is merely one hand paying
the other; the community as a whole
is no richer by the transaction. every
month nearly 5000, 900 OF additional
money, never previously available. Is
scattered broadcast. so to speak, among
its citizens.
The Red Cloud chief., 1901-05-24
Peruvians PrActiCed Trephinius.

Prof. w. j. MCGEE. of the bureau of
ethnology in Washington, has received
official permission to exhibit at the
Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo his
studies Of %trephining among the early
Peruyians. He will show ancient skulls
trephined by stone implements and in
connection with this some animal
skulls, showing experimental work
done under Prof. McGee's direction,
using the same flint implements which
the aborigines were forced TO employ.
II is doubtful whether the ancient op-
erations were performed for a dis
t!nctly surgical purpose or whether the
operation was OF some mystic signif-
canoe. In some cases the freshness OF
the wounds in the bone showed that
the patient did not long survive the op-
Grafton. and in one or two Instances il
is plain that the ancient operator must
have cut down upon a large blood yes
sci, causing almost instantaneous
death, but in other cases the operation
was more successful and the patient
must have survived for some years al
least.
The Red Cloud chief., 1901-05-24
THE OLD CABILDO.

in contact with oiled oak and musty
ale, artificial cobwebs, and Center
street armOrial bearings, he converts
himself into a modern archaist and
calls the den "Ye Ode Taverne."
Every city where the English language
is spoken and murdered has its brood
OF "Ye Olde Tavernes.' Strange to
tell, such places are %patrOnized by the
well informed class. You meet in
them men who read Il lot. university
men with and without degrees who
have knocked about the world, and
immensely clever fellows who have,
educated themselves outside OF work
hours, And yet, brethren, everyone OF
these %pronOunccs We" as it Is spelled
regardless of the fact that we" is just
as much the" as II" Is eye" There
is only one "ye' in the English Ian
guage, and il is the archaic personal
pronoun of the second person, com
monty used in the plural, 1t Is incor-
rect To invite "A friend to dine at I'VE
Olde Taverne," Spell it We" if you
please, but pronounce it The Olde
TaS'rne. New York Press.
The Red Cloud chief., 1901-05-24
HAS STOOD
FOR AGES
The Stone Of Dec
tiny in fbe Bri.iJb
Chrome Room.

crown; n dark gray. brown or black
cutaway coat mt waistcoat and trou-
sers of the continental pattern. In
all this clothing not a button was
used, hooks and eyes being employed.
Every mans hair was long and cut
off squarely behind. Most of the men
had boards. The women had black
or dark brown gowns. severely plain
and without trimmings. and all wore
white caps.
The Red Cloud chief., 1901-05-24
The Gar May Abdicate.

The Emperor of Russia is tired Of
his job, His naturally delicate health
has not been improved by the strain
of domestic and foreign difficulties. He
will wait only long enough to discover
II his next child is a son. If his wife
presents him with a male heir he will
cling to the reins OF government for
the boys sake. II the child Is "A girl.
he will gladly lay aside his crown and
live in retirement.
The Red Cloud chief., 1901-05-24
ENGLISH PRIME MINISTER'S.
Lord saiisbury's Tenure OF Ofice Has
B,sn Remarkably Long.

Bcsn Remarkably Long.
Lord Salisbury is not generally ac-
counted an ambitious man: If he were
he would be able to reflect with pride
that now he has been prime minister
Of the United Kingdom for a longer
period than any statesman since the
first reform bill-in fact. ever since the
Earl OF Liverpool's famous adminiStra-
ton of nearly fifteen years came 10 an
end in 1927. Mr.. Gladstone was prime
minister on four occasions. his tenure
of the office lasting in all twelve years
and l4l days, and that is the record
which the marquis has now beaten. 1t
Is interesting to reflect that. while MIR.
Gladstone's leadership was spread over
tw%enty-siX years, Lord Salisbury first
became prime minister less than six
teen years ago.
In the eighteenth century Sir Robert
Walpole Mas prime minister from l72l
to 1872 at a stretch and had been at
the head of the government for two
years IN a previous occasion. william
Pitt was prime minister from 1888 to
1901. and again from 1904 to 1906. Lord
North had twelve years, from 1870 to
1882. At the other end of the scale,
Canning was prime minister for only
l34 days. and vas followed by five
others from 1927 to 1886 who only ave
aged about sixteen months Office
apiece.
The Red Cloud chief., 1901-05-24
Especial letter.

Especial letter.
The old CabildO which has been men
toned in connection with the presi-
dents trip is Il familiar and picturesque
sight to those who have visited New
Orleans. In 1872 the building was
erected by Il Spanish noblcman. named
ReNas, who was a colonel OF the pro-
vincial troops in Louisiana and a cav
alier of the royal and distinguished
order of Carlos III. His memory is
even o p%crpctuated in daily evening
mass in the old st. Louis Cathedral
adjoining the Cabildu. and built bv
him at the same time and given to the
Catholic church of Louisiana. The
structure figures much in the romancas
Of George ". Gable. Charles Dudley
Warner and other noted American
writer's. II faces what is now known
as Jackson Square. where Gen. Andrew
Jackson rode at the head of his hardy
Tcnnessceans and Kc%ntuckians and
Creules and l.aftte's pirate patriots.
after the victory of the battle of New
Orleans in 1915. and there received the
dhltlH vi lUt NUIuUtIOG.
To this day there stands a remark
able equestrian statue in bronze of the
grizzled old warrior in the enter Of
the square. which AT the time of his
coming and before was known as the
Place d'ArmCs. II was i'm this square.
also, thar the French %proyincials i'm
plicdtcd in the l%.afreniere 'usurrection
were shot. They had rebellcd against
the secret treaty whereby Louisiana
was given to Spain and had sought to
form an empire OF their own. Here.
likewise, in the Place d'ArmCs wer"
gibbeted the pirates and smugglors of
the Barataria Bay and other malefac-
tors and breakers OF the law. From
the wide Spanish center window Jack
son reviewed his troops after the bat
tie Of New Orleans and it is proposed
that President Mckinley deliver an adj
dress and review a parade from the
same window during his visit.
As tho C,biido I. To-day.
The old Cabildo H. today Used as tho
court room Of the Louisiana State Su.
preme Court. and. aside from its rich
interest as the scene of the celebrated
transfer of the territory to the United
States in 1903. contains an art gallery
OF famous jurists and justices of the
state, celebrated both by reason of the
painters who made them. and the men
who posed before the canvas.
In the same building with the Ca
The Red Cloud chief., 1901-05-24
The Coming Country,

Australia is a great country to emf
crate to. Two-thirds Of the continent
is a desert, and yet her productiveness
is enormous. This land contains over
100, 900 900 sheep, between 5000, 900
and 80, 900 600 head of cattle and
horses. II has given the commerce
OF the world over 81, 900, 600, 900 in gold.
copper, coal and tin. The two prov
inces of Ballarat and Bondigo alone
have produced $500, oOO, 900 OF gold, and
as much more has come from the
great Tambaroora and Landing Flat.
in New South Wales.
The Red Cloud chief., 1901-05-24

(Showing the famous Stone Of Destiny
facing from beneath the seat
conquered by the Milesians 1900 years
before Christ. According to this the
stone must be 1000 years old. Very
early in the history Of the stone We
find it called Jacobs stone, by which
name it is known in the annals OF
Westminster. 1t has been asserted that
the patriarch Jacob rested his head
upon it and hat 1t is the identical
stone referred to in Genesis: And
Jacob rose up early in the morning
and DOL the ston that he had put
for his pillow and set it up for a pill
lar"
Whatever be the facts about the
stone, history and tradition have wo-
ven much of interest about it.
The Red Cloud chief., 1901-05-24

At a meeting of the Philadelphia
tresbytery a few days ago n resoluS
ton was adopted to the effect hat
hereafter no candidate for the ministry
shall be given "A license to preach un-
less he shall have been under the
charge Of the Presbytery for one year,
In exceptional cases the candidate nav
be admitted sooner on the concurrence
OF three-fourths of the P~resbytery.
The Red Cloud chief., 1901-05-24

Monuments to the dead, and monu.
ments TO the gods, but the true mo.
tives OF the builders is to climb up On
top themselves, TO be looked at.
The Red Cloud chief., 1901-05-24
Let tho Opportunity slip.

With the close of the civil war many
Union army on southern battlefelds re-
turned 10 Ireland. having been led 20
believe through stephens representa-
ton that a good-sized army OF Irish
patriots had already been organized
and equipped, and was only waiting for
competent commanders. Among those
who returned to Ireland at the time
were Gen. Michael kcrwin. Gen. Den
mis- +. Burke. OF the Irish Brigade:
Gen. william iialpin. Col. Thomas ].
Kelly, Capt. James Murphy and John
Nolan. When these distinguished sol
diers had been in Dublin for "A time
they became dissatisfied with stephens
methods. When II was urged upon him
that the Time for action had arrived.
Stephens insisted upon Il delay. and ne
was openly accused OF being "A brag-
CART, Of being vain and altogether in
competent.
What might have happened had the
revolution actually begun no one can
state. The fact is thar the British gov
eminent got wind of stephens plans.
found him in Fairfield House. SANDY
mount, a suburb of Dublin. through the
skill OF the famous detective, Dawson.
and On the morning OF Saturday. No
vemher II. 1868, the agitatov was ar
rested aud lodged in Richmond Bride
well prison. Three days later he was
arraigned before Magistrate Stronge.
His After Career.
He was rcmanded for examination
but before he could he brought into
court again he had escaped from
prison, chiefly through the efforts OF
Capt. John Kerwin, who is now in NeA
York. stephens made his way Il
France and thence to the Unite,
States. He VAS received with grea.
honor in New York by the Fcnial
brotherhood. In November, 1866, whcl
It was reported that stephens was {,
sail from this country to again pla,,
himself at the head OF the movement
in Ireland, the British government OF
fered "A reward of $4,000 for his can
ture. stephens, however, did NOT sal
and this in the face OF the fact tina. al
preparations had been made for hl
departure lost him many friends an,
admirers and earned for him, whethc
The Red Cloud chief., 1901-05-24

The Spanish navy is now among the
smallest of the sea powers Of the world.
At one time, more han a century
ago, II was among the greatest.
The Red Cloud chief., 1901-05-24
HISTORIC CABILDO.
IN WHICH LOUISIANA PUR-
CHASE WAS SEALED.

Herein Great Territory Was Coded by
France to the United From Its
Front window Jackson Reviewed ri.
Victorious Troops.
The Red Cloud chief., 1901-05-24

Experience is a fine teacher, hut she
sends in terrific bills.
The Red Cloud chief., 1901-05-24
As to we and The

Whenever an illiteratc caterer opens
il chop house where "a man may come
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1901-01-02
Making the Small Farm Pay.

To work a small tarm to profit with
in easy reach of railroad communication
is simply a matter Of some capital a de-
cided preference for he work, average in.
teligence, persistent and patient indus
try and good hea tn. There are thous-
anis OF small farms within a radius of
one hundl ed miles from New York whose
owners have a andoned other pursuit S
aud taken to tlhng the land, and who
could not be induced to go back to their
former Occupa ions. The farms Tor the
most part were bought by part pay
m Mt, the balance remaining on bond
MT mr. G 'ge. twenty per cent. of
The St farms h We hteI redeemed in five
v,atS, aud ns q rut the d bt was paid
bv he tnrlI,, sell ,crihce, and co opera
i've d, t,rmna ion OF the man and his
wre. One typical example comes to
mind. is OF coach painter. He had
worked ten years at his trade, for twelve
dollars a week, and saved a hundred dol
lars year. In the eleventh year there
was strike OF his guild and he had to
ace the prospect OF being out of work
Dor some Time, by no choice OF his own.
nc WeHl uoWh lHto jersey, pouShL Leu
acres of land at a hundred dollars an
acre, paying five hundred cash and Civ
ing his bond for the remainder. With
the balance he bought horse and cow,
a second hand wagon, and settled him
self to earn a new living. He and his
wife, with a fve-year-old child, lived Tor
two years in a shanty. But this man
had the tenacity of bulldog, the self
reliance of drummer, and the patience
OF trained nurse. When he had been on
his place eight years paid him visit
His wife met me at the depot, three miles
from her home, with a two.seated rig
and lively team. l found the couple
living in new cottage that had beer
built by day labor and which the owner
had painted himself 1t was a very
tasteful structure and was already pref
tily shaded by the trees that he had SCI
out. In reply TO my questions, he sale
that he calculated to make about eigh
hundred dollars a year clear. He haC
bought the adjoining twenty acres OF
easy terms and had put most of it into
good growing shape-[I. P. Mowbra,
in the Worlds Work for January.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1901-01-02
The Irish Hedge School.

The educational structure for which,
taking advantage of the liberation or
government the hedge schoolmaster
abandoned his al fresco establishment
was a very humble one Of its kind
The peasantry, animated by the strong
Irish love of learning, built it for him,
lust as in modern days they assemble
and build huts for evicted tenants.
1t was not very formidable under
taking. A deep, dry ditch or trench by
the roadside was usually selected for
the site. At the side of the trench an
excavation of the requisite area was
dug, so that the clay bank formed three
sides of the Enclosure. This saved the
trouble of building walls. Then the
fourth side, or front side wall, with
door and two windows, was built OF
green sods laid in courses, while sim
liar sods raised the back to the requir-
ed height and pointed the gable ends.
Young trees and wattles cut from the
nearest wood and bound together with
straw ropes and withes formed the
roof timbers. Over these were spread
bramblcs, then came a layer Of
"scraws," or slabs of healthy bog sur
face. and over all a matching of rush
es. The earthen floor was pared to an
approach to a level, the rubbish cleared
away, and a pathway made to the pub
lie road. There was your hedge school
house, ready for business.-Donahoe's
MAGAZINE.