The age-herald., 1901-11-25

ly enhanced and his desire for the com forts of civilization correspoudingly in creased, stimulate industry and thrift. The diversiication of industries and the individual ownership and land by the na tives also develop habits of industry and increase their earning power. In those industries which require large establish ments and a steady labor supply, such as sugar, tobacco and coffee or in the construction of great public works, . part of the labor supply has been in some colonies obtained from other sources; but as a rule native labor, when properly stimulated by the methods above re- ferred to, prove sufficient for the re- quirements of the colony.
 "Fifth-IIow are the necessary funds for the conduct of the colonial govern ment raised, and is any part of such funds supplied by the home government?
 '"The funds for the conduct of the col ony are raised by methods similar to those utilized in the more advanced com munities of the world. In most cases customs duties supply larger share of the revenues than any other single item. In few instances. notably India and Java, the ownership of land is retained by the government, the land being leased to the natives at a low rental under leases usually renewable perpetually. and large share of the revenue is obtained from these sources. The colonies are re- quired to raise sufficient revenue to meet all their expenses, both of current ad- ministration and permanent improve ments, and in many cases the railroads, telegraph lines, etc., are also constructed from public funds and are owned by the colony.
 Commercial Relations.
 "Sixth-The commercial relations be- tween the colony and the mother coun- try; it's ability to supply the articles re- quired in the home country and to ab- sorb those produced for export by the mother country, and the extent to which the tariff and other regulations between the colony and the mother country are adjusted to encourage this mutual inter change.
 "The principal productions of the col. ony are usually raw materials and nat ural food products, and these are usually the principal importations of the mother country. The principal productions of the mother country are manufactures and prepared food products, and these are also the principal importations of the colony. This Is especially the case If the colony is located in the tropics and the mother country in the temperate gone free interchange of products between the two communities thus mutually de- pendent upon each other for necessary supplies and necessary market for the surplus of each Is therefore essential. This condition, coupled with the growth of facilities for cheap and rapid trans portation and intercommunication, has led in many cases to the removal of re- strictive tariffs between the mother coun- try and the colony for the encourage ment of the same free interchange be- tween the colony and the mother coun- try as that which exists between the states or provinces of the mother coun try itself, Specific articles however. such as sugar, for example, which the mother country produces or may produce, are excepted from this general system. This Is especially true in count i&es having a high tariff. In low tariff countries. which already admit most of the products of all countries free of duty. the tariff regula- tions naturally make no discrimlnations relative to the products of the colony. and those of the colony make no discrim- nations relative to the mother country. except in the case of Canada, which gr ants to the products of the United Kingdom and certain of the British col enies reduction of one-third in tariff rates"