The state herald., 1901-12-06

but to produce constantly growing surplus
for which We must find markets abroad. To
secure these markets we can utilize existing
duties in any case where they are no longer
case where the article is not produced here
and the duty is no longer necessary for
revenue. as giving us something to offer In
lations with other nations which are 80 de-
sirable will naturally be promoted By the
course thus required by our own interests.
policy of reciprocity will be IL connection
with those Of our productions which NO long
er require all OF the support once needed
to establish them upon a sound basis. and
natural or of economic causes we are beyond
the reach Of successful competition.
Il ask the attention OF the Senate to the
reciprocity treaties laid before II by my pre-
decessor.
Our Merchant Marine.
1.-THE condition OF the American merchant
marine is such as to call for immediate
remedial action by the Congress. It 10 dis
credltable to us as a Nation that our mer-
chant marine should be utterly insIgnincant
IN comparison to that OF other nations which
we overtop In other forms of business.
american shipping is under certain great
the shipping Of foreign countries Many Of
the fast foreign steamships, at q speed uf
fourteen Knots or above. are subsidized; and
al our ships. sailing vessels and steamers
carriers OF high speed, have to meet the
fact that the original cost Of building Ameri-
can ships Is greater than Is tho case abroad ;
that the wages paid American ofAcers and
seamen are very much higher than those paid
the onicers and seamen Of foreign competing
countries; and that the standard Of living
on our ships 10 far superior to the standard OF
living on the ships OF our commercial rivals
Our government should take such action
as will remedy these inequalities. The Amer
lean merchant marine should Be restored to
The Act Of March II. 1890, Intended un-
eauivocally to establish gold as the standard
money and to maintain At a parity herewith
has been shown 70 be timely and judcious.
The price of our government bonds in the
worlds market. when compared with the
nations. is q nhtvinE tribute to our public
credit. This condi6yn It II eminently desir-
able to maintain.
I'm many respects tho National Banking
Law furnishes sufficient liberty for the proper
exercise Of the banking function but there
seems to be need Of better safeguards against
the derangins innuence Of commercial crises
Of the country should be made responsive
to the demands Of our domestic trade and
commerce.
Keductien Of Revenues.
.'Thc collections from duties on Imports and
Internal taIes continue to exceed the ordi-
nary expenditures. The utmost care should
thre will be any possibility OF a dencit; but,
After providing against any such contin Eency,
means should be adopted which will bring the
revenues more nearly within the limit OF our
81 call special attention to the need OF strict
economy In expenditures. The fact that our
providing whatever is actually necessary to
our wcll-beins. should make US doubly care
full to husband our national resources, as
each Of us husbands hi. private resources. by
saafa
ful or reckless expenditure.
Regulatioa Of Railroads.
In 1881 . measure was enacted for the reg
ulation OF Interstate railways. commonly
known As the Interstate Commerce Act. The
cardinal provisions of that act were that
and that all shippers, localities, and commo-
dities should be accorded equa! treatment. A
commission was created and endowed with
10 q. be the
That law was largely an experiment Hx-
pcrisnce has shown the wisdom OF Its pur-
poses. but has also shown. possibly that some
Of Its requirements are wrong, certainly that
the means devised for the enforcement Of its
provisions are detective.
The act should be amended. The railway
Is public servant. Its rates should be Just
to and open 10 all shippers alike. Tho Eov-
ernment should see to Il tina. within its iuris-
dction this Ia and should provide a speedy
and effective remedy to that end
Atthe same time II must not be forgotten that
our railways are the arteries through which
the commercial llfeblood Of this nation flows
Nothing could be more foolish than the en-.
Actment of lesitlation which would unneces-
sarily interfere with the development and
operation OF these commercial agencies. The
subject 10 one Of great Importance and calls
for the earnest attention Of the Congress.
The message points out the value OF the
American forests and the necessity for their
conservation. and urges the construction and
maintenance OF reservoirs and irriKatins
systems for The reclamation OF the arid lands
of the West OF the water rights II says:
In the ARD su.'ss the only right to wstsr
irrigation this night should attach to the
land reclaimed and be inseparable therefrom.
Granting perpstual water rights to others
public. 10 open to all the objections which
apply to giving away perpetual franchises to
the public utiiitisf Of cities. A few Of the
Western states haS. already recognized this
and have incorporated In their constitutions
the doctrine Of perpstuAi stats ownership Of
water.
Our aim should be not simply to reclaim
the largest area Of land aud provide homes
for the largest number Of people. but to
create for this new Industry the best possible
social and Industrial conditions; and this re-
quirss that We not only understand the eI-
istins situation. but avail ourselves Of the
best experiences Of the time In the solution
Of its problems. A careful study should BE-
made. both BY the nation ana the states. of
the irrigation laws and conditions here and
abroad. Ulumsssly II will probably be neces-
sary for the nation to eo-oesrsts with the
several arid states in proportion ~ these
states By their legislation and admlnisustion
show themselves a. to receive H.
Dsvsispmsnt Of NAVAL
In Hawaii our aim must be TO develop tho
territory on the traditional American iines
We DO %, vish region Of large cities titled
By cheap labor; vs Wish a healthy American
community Of men Who themselves tiii the
farms they own. All our legislation for the
isiAnds should BE- shaped with this end In
vi.s: III. .sll;ss..s o. the average home.
healthy dsvslopmsnt OF the islands. The
land policy should as nearly as possible be
msdsisd On our homestead system.
1t 10 . pisasurr TO say that u 10 hardly
more necessary 10 report ~ TO Porte Rico
than - TO any state or tsrritcry within our
eontinsntai iimlts. The island 10 thriving ss
never before. and Il 10 being administered
snio,ins iSsr,S I sss order SsSsr sSs ,hs pso. pro-
lection OF the United States. and upon this
fact ~s congratulate them and ourselves.
Thsir material welfare must b. as carefully
and jsslousiy rebsidsrsd "a the welfare OF
any other portion Of our country We have
given them the great slft Of free access for
their products To the markets OF the United
states. ] ask the s'ien,on Of the Congress
lie lands Of Porto Rico,
Progress In Cuba
'in Cuba such progress has been made TO.
ssrd putting the Independent govsrnmsnt Of
the island upon . hrm footing that before ths
present session Of the Congress closes this
.ill b. an accomplished fact cuba viii then
start As her own u,lsirsss. and 10 the bsaut.
fui Queen Of the Antilles, as she unfoids this
n.~ psHs of her destiny. ~s st,snd our
h.srt'.' Er.stinss and 5000 wishes Else
rroctty, In the case Of Cuba. however, there
are .slsh'y reasons Of morality ana Of ns.
uessi interest ~hy the policy should be held
to have . peculiar application. and ] most
earnestly sst your sttsnsion 70 the visdorn.
Indeed 10 the vital need. Of providing for q
substsntiai reduetisu In tbs tsrin dutiss on