The Emmett index. [volume] (Emmett, Idaho) 1893-1925, 1901-07-12

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In the operation Of dredging navIga.
BILE channels at the mouths of the Nor
uya and shoalhaven Rivers In New
South Wales, 1t was discovered that the
mud contained gold dust. An automatic
gold-saver was then attached to the
dumping machinery, and 1t is estimated
that enough gold viii thus be obtained
to defray the expenses Of keeping the
channels open.
The whole of the west coast of
France suffers greatly from the fury Of
the waves, which make continual en-.
croachments on tine land. In some dis
tricts the shore recedes as much as
yard per year. At Annis, where there
is a more resisting limestone formation,
the recession is only foot year. Even
the frowning granite cliffs of Brittany
are gradually being undermined by the
breakers and topping into the sea.
China still easily leads the world in
the production of raw silk, Europe
ranking next with about half the pro-
duction of China. and Japan making a
close third. In 1899 the exports from
China were 16,9S6.443 pounds, and
from Japan 7,SOS,693 pounds. The en-
tire production of Europe was only
S,S29,075 pounds, divided as follows:
Italy, 6,814,070 pounds; France, 1884
$40 pounds Austria Hungary, 60S,4
pounds; and Spain, 1889 pounds.
The most sensational and important
event in the history of mining in this
country, perhaps, was the discovery Of
gold in California in 1S4S. This was
followed a few years later by similar
developments in South Africa and
Australia. Just prior to the middle of
the century the worlds production of
this metal was only $30,OO0,0OO. In
1858 it was $160,0OO,0OO. OF this
amount California contributed $780,
100000. In 1890 the United States and
South Africa each produced between
$7O,OOO,OO0 and S73,OOO,0O0 and Aus
tralia's yield was about $7S,0OO,OOO.
The greater part of the earth's crust
the water and the air, consists OF but
few elements. Oxygen forms onc-half
by weight, silicon a quarter; aluminium,
iron. calcium, magnesium. sodium and
potassium combined form % per cent,
leaving about per cent for all the 9th
er elements. Chemical compounds rare
ly contain many elements. Various
groupings of the same elements pro
duce new substances. Carbon signal
ICES itself by a peculiar adaptability Of
Elasticity. 1t forms nuclei for aggre-
cation, and these nuclei are bonded to-
gether to form complicated molecules.
Some interesting facts concerning the
comparative number of particles of
dust and bacteria in the air were COM
municated to the Royal Institution re-
Gently by DR.. Allan Macfadyen. Using
Athens dust-counter. he found in an
open suburb of London 10000 dust par
ticles in every cubic centimeter of air,
while in the heart of the great town
the number of particles, in the same
volume of air. was 100000. In the open
air of London there was, on the aver
age, only one micrO-organism to every
3S,30O.000 particles Of dust. and in the
air of a room amongst 1S4,O00,0OO dust
particles only one organism could be
detected These facts, DR.. Macfadyen
said, illustrate the poverty of the air
in micro-organisms even when it is
very dusty Their continued existence
is rendered difficult through the influ-
ence of desiccation and sunlight. Dry
ing up is one of natures favorite meth
DDS of getting rid of bacteria.