davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Butte inter mountain. [volume] (Butte, Mont.) 1901-1912, 1901-05-30
M0NEY|N HORSES
PRICES INCREASE SO PER CENT IN
THREE YEARS.
Pleasant Little Fiction That Electricity
Would Drive the Horse Out Of the
Market-Scary Breeders Drew Out
Of the Business, and Those Who
Stayed in Reaped Harvest.
(By Associated Press.

New York, May 30-The noable revival
of the horse trade here and in other
large cities is becoming a subject of
much comment. The public sales sta
bles are having an unusually large at
tendance, with prompt demand for fair
priced and more expensive animals.
Scarcity of horses helps to account
for the strong conditions of trade. The
South African war drew away from this
country fully $4,000 head, but a strong
reason for the diminished supply is the
apathy of many farm breeders who
fancied, with a host of other people,
that the coming of electric or other mo-
tive power for vehicles would put an end
to the demand for horses. This had ma
terially reduced rearing and as a con-
sequence stocks have run down in wide
area of farm districts while town sup
plies have become perceptibly worn out
with use.
All prime, sound horses of proper age,
are fully so per cent higher than they
were three years ago.
The Butte inter mountain. [volume] (Butte, Mont.) 1901-1912, 1901-05-30
A PLEASANT JOURNEY.

A representative of The Bee heard a
well known Morrisville woman, who fire.
quently visits a married daughter In New
York. telling some friends one day this
week.. of her first experience riding on
the Empire State Express. II was COM
ing up from New York." she said. and
thought would try that famous train
I've heard SO much about. Well we roll
ed along smooth and easy and pretty
soon l noticed a lot of the men getting up
and putting on their overcoats. /
thought al these men could not be get
ting cold for the car was very comforts
able, and in just a minute the trainman
called out .Albany!' could hardly be-
ueve 1t; I would just as soon have ex.
pected to be in California SO quickly. We
left New York at half-past eight and
were at Albany a little after eleven and
at Utica before on o'clock. changed
to an Accommodation train there and was
In Canastota q few minutes after two.
Ny! It seems almost like flying" Now
whenever this good lady wants to visit
New York she goes good bit out Of her
way that she may travel by the New
York Central.-From the Canastota Bee.
The Butte inter mountain. [volume] (Butte, Mont.) 1901-1912, 1901-05-30
CROWDS GOING TO CAPE NOME
Not Enough Steamers on the Route to
Garry the Great Rush Of Gold
Seekers.
NV Associated Press1

(By Associated Press.)
Seattle, May 30.-It is estimated that
six hundred men are in the city waiting
transported ton to Nome.
"All sod out" is the invariable answer
they receive at the transportation offices.
The Senator, which will sail today, will
have approxima tely three hundred pas
sengers. The Centennial, which sails for
Nome Saturday, will have in the neigh
borhood Of 400 passengers and $500 tons
of fright. A like number Of passengers
are booked on the st. Paul, which leaves
June s.
The Butte inter mountain. [volume] (Butte, Mont.) 1901-1912, 1901-05-30
Guns
DEWEY'S PRIZES FROM MANILA
WANTED AS TROPHIES.
AT NEWPORT eUNNERY SCHOOL
Movements Of the Warships - The
: Kearsarge Will Fire the Salute at
General Grants Tomb on Memorial
Day-Transport Rawlins Ready for
v Inspection After Her Fire and Bath.
(By Associated Press.)

New York, May 3O.-The battleship
salute off Grants tomb at Riverside
drive today. She will then go to
Newport to be present at the opening
of the Navy War college on June 3. All
work in putting the new 13-inch gun in
the forward turret has been completed.
The gunboat Newport will leave for
Newport today with the Spanish r.
centimeter guns which Dewey captured
at Manila. They were taken from the
Isle de Cuba and the Don Juan de Aus
tria, and were brought to Brooklyn on
the training ship Buffalo. They are to
be mounted as trophies at the training
yards at Newport.
A commission of naval officers has just
visited the Erie basin and inspected the
army transport Rawlins to see il she
will be of any service to the navy. The
Rawlins was formerly the naval cruiser
Resolute. and was recently burned and
sunk at her pier.
The torpedo boat Bailey, which is on
the ways in the Brooklyn navy yard.
ill be re-launched today. The total
weight of the Bailey, including the crew,
Is $40 tons. She is POS feet in length, 10
feet beam, feet mean draught, 235 tons
displacement and 314 tons gross. The
trial. of speed was made on April 25
under the supervision of the following
officers: Rear Admiral Robley d. Evans,
Commander G. r. Rocker; Lieutenant
Commander T. S. Rogers; Naval Con-
structor j. ]. Lockwood and CAPITA IN
FAliller.
The Butte inter mountain. [volume] (Butte, Mont.) 1901-1912, 1901-05-30
SHIPPING DISASTERS FEARED
Whole Fleets of Ships That Are Be-
heved to Have Gone Down in the
Trackless Deep.
(By Associated Press.)

(By Associated PreSs.)
San Francisco, May 30.-The steel four
masted bark Arracan Is out SO days from
Newcastle, Australia, with a cargo Of
coal for San Francisco and Is per cennt is
being paid to reinsure her chances. The
underwriters are afraid Of the coal cargo
and think it may have caught fire.
The John Mcdonald, another coal laden
vessel is now out 254 days from Balti-
more for San Francisco, and 80 per cent
is being offered on her, while on the oil
laden Manchester now out 279 days from
New York for Yokohama, IS per cent Is
being paid. On the Aladdin. 141 days
from Java for Sydney, 70 per cent; Lit
wood, 1874 days from Manila for New
York, thirty-five per cent and on the
Lydgate, Fowls Castle and Beacon Rock,
all bound for Australia ports, five per
cent is being offered.
The Butte inter mountain. [volume] (Butte, Mont.) 1901-1912, 1901-05-30
Indian Priests in Troubla.
Id. A rcnnioka6 Dnnca

New York, May 30.-Rev. ]. H. Cushing
and several priests from Denver have ar
rived in the city en- route to Rome to lay
before the pope their grievances. They
have been at work among the Indians for
a number of years in Arizona, New Mex
leo and elsewhere and say that when APP
plication was made to Bishop Matz of
Colorado, to return them to their dio-
cese, he declined. They attempted to
have their differences settled by Cardinal
Martinelli, but say they were refused an
audience,
The Butte inter mountain. [volume] (Butte, Mont.) 1901-1912, 1901-05-30
MOURN THE LOSS OF MONOPOLY
English Papers See TO Hope for Europe
Save in a Close Combine
Against America,
BY Associated Press.)


London, May 30.-Commenting editor
tally this morning on the agitation in
Germany and Australia for a combina-
ton against American competition, the
Times says:
1.-The soc hope for Pan Europe accord
ing to these writer's is to initiate Napo-
leon and to introduce the continental
system against the United States. The
situation is disheartening. If the conti-
mental system failed in Napoleon's iron
grasp, it would hardly succeed in those
of united Europe
Andrew Carnegie has an article in 1.-THE
Nineteenth Century," on the industrial
outlook in Great Britain. What is gone
from England, says Mr.. Carnegie, is it's
monopoly. There has been no retrogres-
sion. Altogether, the article is a rebuke
to many British pessimists who have
written on the same subject.
The Butte inter mountain. [volume] (Butte, Mont.) 1901-1912, 1901-05-30
NOTICE OF HEARING PETITION FOR
FINAL DISCHARGE OF BANK
RIyPT

FINAL DISCHARGE OF BANK
RUPT.
IN THE DISTRICT COURT OF THE
United States, Districa of Montana.
In the matter of Hormidas Godin. bank
rupt.
Notice is hereby given that on the 9th
day of May A. D., 1901 in the above en-
titled court, Hormidas Godin filed his
petition for a final discharge and that
the said court fixed the 18th day of June
A. D., 1901, at 10 a. M, at the court
room of said court, in the City of Hell
ena eLwis & Clarke County, Montana.
a. the time and place for hearing said
petition, at which time and place all
creditors and other persons interest
ed may appear and offer objections, if
any they have, why said petition should
not be granted and said petitioner dis
charged.
Witness, the Honorable Hiram Knowles,
Judge and the stall Of said court affixed,
at Helena. Montana, this 2Sth day Of
May A. D., 1901.
Attest:
GEO. w. SPROULE,
fSeal) Clerk.
The Butte inter mountain. [volume] (Butte, Mont.) 1901-1912, 1901-05-30
Will Entertain at the Gardens.

Wednesday afternoon at the Womans
club Mrs. A. H. Wethey in the name of
number of ladies', including Mrs. j. L..
Sleynons, Mrs. Hall, Mrs. j. r. Wharton.
Mrs, Buql and other club leaders. invited
the club members to attend an informal
reception at Columbia Gardens.
The affair will take place on Saturday
afternoon at 2:30. The ladies will go out
on special car, the large car holds IS
people. They will be received at the
Mitchell cottage where light refreshments
will also be served. The affair is compli-
mentary to retiring president Holbrook
and Mrs. A. c. Newill, who leaves Butte
next week to make her home in Portland,
Oregon.
The Butte inter mountain. [volume] (Butte, Mont.) 1901-1912, 1901-05-30
JOSEPH DUG UP HIS OLD BILL
Chamberlain Revamps the Old Age
Pension Plan Which Gave Him
Victory Years Ago.

(By ASSOCIATED Press.J
New York, May 30-A dispatch to the
Tribune from London says:
Everybody has forgotten the old age
pension issue (which Joseph Chamber
lain brought into the political canvass
after the overthrow of the Rosebery
ministry six years ago, but he suddenly
returned to the subject at Birmingham
lately at the annual Odd Fellows meet
ing and discussed it with an air of sin
cerity as though it were something new
which interested him deeply.
He urged that it should not be taken
The Butte inter mountain. [volume] (Butte, Mont.) 1901-1912, 1901-05-30
BOSS CROKER COMING HOME.
Tammany Tiger Tanner on His Way to
New York to Look at Various
MArtera
(By Associated Press.)

(By Associated Press.)
New York, May 30.-A dispath to the
World from Vantage, England, says:
Though the utmost secrecy was main
tanned, it has been learned here that
Richard Croker has completed all his ar
rangements to return to New York at an
early date
1t seems highly probable that he will
sail on the steamship Deutschland next
Friday.
He left Vantage for London Tuesday
afternoon and returned tonight. His de-
parture on Friday evidently depends
upon whether or not he receives from
New York such information as will per-
NIT him to stay over to see the Derby ON
June 5.
The Butte inter mountain. [volume] (Butte, Mont.) 1901-1912, 1901-05-30

When a man is drowning his rescue
Is a question Of timely help. It is the
same thing in disease. Many time the
doctor says of man whose condition 10
hopeless, "If you'd begun in time you
might have been cured"
This is especially true when the dis
ease affects the lungs. Delay is danger
Gus. The timely use of DR.. Pierce's
Golden Medical Discovery will result In
quick cure of deep seated coughs,
bronchitis, and weak lungs. Even when
hemorrhages have been frequent and
profuse wColden Medical Discovery
has been used time and again with the
result of perfect and permanent cure.
Mr.. McCauley, Of Leechburg, Armstrong
Co., Pa, had eighty-one hemorrhages,
and after other medical aid had failed
he was completely cured by the use Of
wGolden Medical Discovery"
Accept no substitute for Golden Med
ical Discovery" There is no other med
icine just As good for weak lungs.
taking Dr. Pierce's medicine" writes Mr.. Elmer
.tom:eh, iidney. heart and ,s:s; troubles. : W.
s"d e. a. sus ser ssa
your medicine while I commenced TO gain g
away. Took about 81 bodies Of the 'Goiden
Medical Discovery, then. and lest spriag had
Grippe and II settled On my lungs, leaving me
With severe cough. had the doctor. bSt he
didn't seem to help me any; g / commSneed
your medicine agaln and took three Of 1our
bottles q the Discovery and two Walls II Dr..
Pierce's Pellets, and that straightened me up.
I feel Hike d3lerest person. I daddy reco1s-
mead your uaedsclne 70 all su1eref1, for knew
Il cured me.n
Dr.. Pefce's Common Sense Medical
Adviser. paper covers, ID cent free ON re-
celpt Of ~ one-cent stamps to pay 0x-
pense of mailing oSJ. Address Dr. r,
v. Pierce. Buffalo, N. Y.
The Butte inter mountain. [volume] (Butte, Mont.) 1901-1912, 1901-05-30

day of pleasure now and then is
- A day of pleasure now and then is rel
ishe4 by all mankind. We owe ourselves
q VACATION day and why not take advan-
tage on May 81 and lay off. There will
@be plenty free amusement annd the larg-
est gathering Of the season. People will
be here from every section of the coun-
try. Remember the bands play and the
big street parade takes place at 10
o'clock.
The Butte inter mountain. [volume] (Butte, Mont.) 1901-1912, 1901-05-30
j. D. McORE0OR
VETERINARY SURGEON,

HQnorar! graduate of the Ontario Vet
Urinary college. Toronto, Canada. Treats
all diseases of domesticated animals ac-
cording to scientific principles. Office at
MarlOw's stables 104 South Main street.
Telephone 293. All cases promptly ate
tended to.
The Butte inter mountain. [volume] (Butte, Mont.) 1901-1912, 1901-05-30
Need to Look After the Troops.
(By Associated Press.)

VBy ASSUCIaCeU Press.
London, May 30.-The prolonged visit
of Lord Salisbury and Lord Miner at
Windsor has started rumOrs about
pending changes in the cabinets policy in
South Africa. When England has 25O, 900
soldiers in South Africa the king natur-
ally wants to know what is going on
there and Lord Miner can explain the
situation more clearly than anybody else.
The Butte inter mountain. [volume] (Butte, Mont.) 1901-1912, 1901-05-30
Oil Gusher In Oklahoma.
(By Associated Press.)

Tby
Woodward, o. T., May 30.-Parties dig
ging we'll at Moscow, fifteen miles
southeast of here. struck a vein of oil,
which soon developed into a gusher. The
oil forced itself to the brink of the well
and covered an acre of ground before the
flow could be checked.
The Butte inter mountain. [volume] (Butte, Mont.) 1901-1912, 1901-05-30
English Publisher Coming Over
(Rv ASSOniatod PrQss

the millionaire newspaper and magazine
proprietor of London, is coming to the
United States to study American news
paper methods. Mr.. Pearson owns about
thirty publications. dailies, weeklies and
monthlies.
The Butte inter mountain. [volume] (Butte, Mont.) 1901-1912, 1901-05-30
Montana's Largest Grocery Store
FRIDAY
GROCERY SNAPS

Friday has come to be looked
upon as a special bargain day at
Lutey's big Store of little prices"
AS it will be the day after hon-
day we will offer some extra strong
bargains this Friday. These are
really too good to be missed. Every
item will save you money. Here
are a few Of them:
The Butte inter mountain. [volume] (Butte, Mont.) 1901-1912, 1901-05-30
A. q. II. w. NOTICE.

All members of Silver Bow Lodge, No
II. A. o. U. W., are requested to meet in
their hall Friday, May 31st. at / O'Clock,
TO attend the funeral of our deceased
brother, ames Whalen. All members Of
sister lodges invited to attend.
b. DAVID HENDRA, NJ w.
p J. B. TREVARTHEN, Rec.
The Butte inter mountain. [volume] (Butte, Mont.) 1901-1912, 1901-05-30

up as mere bride to electors, nor as
principle OF universal application, but as
q practical policy for the promotion OF
thrift with the great friendly societies.
The Butte inter mountain. [volume] (Butte, Mont.) 1901-1912, 1901-05-30
Cars Daughter Is Ill.
(Rv associated PreSs.1

(By ASSOclateu FfeSs.J
st. Petersburg May 30.-Much regret is
felt here at the news published here that
the eldest daughter of the czar is i'll and
that her malady is Of the nature Of ty-
plus.
The Butte inter mountain. [volume] (Butte, Mont.) 1901-1912, 1901-05-30
nUSTARD
SPECIAL, FRIDAY -
Ten Cent BOttle,

Richelieu Tomato Ketchup,
special Friday, quart bottle 3OC
Blackberries
Finest quality California
Blackberries. special FRI
day, per can ............. I5C
Lemons
Juicy, ripe, thin skinned
Lemons, per dozen. ........ IOC
Lunch Baskets
Extra fine lunch baskets
with covers-according to
size. each IS, 80. 25. Is and. IOC
Wooden Plates.
per dozen ............... IOC
Paper Napkins, nice large
ones, with fancy colored
~ 1ers, per 100. ........... I5C
FREE
Our Home Luxury" Java and
Mocha is full rich fragrant Coffee
which Is almost a breakfast in
ltseif. With each purchase of a
pound or more. Friday we will.
give free pound of sugar, three
pounds 800, per pound ...... 3ec
Bread
Quaker White Bread, made
from the famous Quaker
hard wheat flour. and
cooked in our new steam
bakery. Light, tempting
tickets $500. ............ 25c
Also rye, whole wheat,
graham, Vienna and Cur
rant Breads, each loaves
or tickets ..".............. 75c
Polish
Rising Sun Stove Polish, 1Oc
package, Friday ......... sc
CSC Stove Brush.
Friday ............. ..... nc
Flour &
quaker Flour, only the finest
parts OF the finest Dakota
hard wheat, per 100, $2,75:
socA $500. 1850. ......... 40
Lutey Bros
Up-to-date Crocers
~ W.Pavk Street. Phone "a
The Portland daily press., 1901-01-11
NAVAL BILL READY.

Warrington. January 10.-The House
committee on naval affairs today practl-
cally completed the naval appropriation
bill, but it will not be in shape TO make
public until tomorrow or Saturday.
The question OF the navy which usually
entails the largest contest was easily
settled this year by the acceptance Of the
recommendation OF the secretary of the
navy for two battleships and two cruis-
ers.
The committee also finally decided to
give the full increase of enlisted men
asked for by the secretary, 5000 men, In
stead Of 5000, as tentatively agreed upon
yesterday. The bill also viii carry a
provision to commission the two classes
from the naval academy now ON their
cruises and also TO commission the pres
ent senior class Immediately upon their
graduation in June.
The Portland daily press., 1901-01-11
TOUR THROUGH CALIFORNIA.

A special "Mardi Gras Tour" to Cali
fornia under the Personally Conducted
Tourist System of the Pennsylvania
Railroad will leave February is. The
entire trip will bs made by the Gcl1en
Gate Special, composed of Pullman libra
ry, sleeping, dining compartment, ana
observation care. An experienced chap
eron whose special charge will be ladies
unaccompanied by escor5 will travel with
the party. Among this principal places
visited Will be Mammoth Cave, New
Orleans, San Antonio, El Paso, Los An
geIes. Pasadena. San Diego, Coronado
Beach, Riverside, Rsdlands, Santa Bar
bara, San Jose, Big Trees, Liok Obser-
vatory, Monterey, San Francisco, Salt
Lake City, Gienwood and Colorado
Springs. Manitou and the Garden of the
Gods, Denver. and Chicago Rats, covar-
ing all expenses during the thirty seven
days absent, S455 from Boston. Itinerary
OF d. N. Bell, Tourist Agent, 205 Wash
ington Street, Boston.
The Portland daily press., 1901-01-11
M0RRILLS.

MIR. Charles F. Scammon OF the Scam.
mon Manufacturing company of Morrills,
is in Boston on a brief business trip.
Rev. Il. M, Davies, former pastor of the
Free church. Congre yationAl. and at one
time pastor of a church at Mestbrook,
has received and accepted an Invitation
TO the nastorats of the Congregational
church at Cornish. Mr.. Davies has sup
piled this pulpit several Sundays, much
to the satisfaction of the congregation,
resulting in extending a call which was
accepted and MIR. Davies commenced
his pastoral labors last Sunday. Mr..
Davies is to remove mis- family from
Deering Centre as soon as possible to
the new field OF labor.
The Portland daily press., 1901-01-11

street, Cumbsrlsnd Mills. Tho burial
viii be In the Tsndham cemetery.
Court City Of Westbrook, Order Of
Foresters ia TO hold grand bsll on the
evening Of February 14sh, at ODD Fel-
lows hall.
The basket ball team Of Company M
defeated the tea m from the Signal Corps
In an interesting game at the srmory
last evening. The game was not as clean
as that of Tuesday evsl,ing, both sides In
dulgine In rough play to quite an ex-
tent. On the whole. however, Company
Ma team made better showing than In
the previous game. The Signal Corps
team has had but little practice, which
was plainly shown in their lack Of team
play. Lord, their left forward, was the
whole thing, making all the goals scored
by the signal Corps.
Tho positions OF the men were as fol.
lows: Company M--watson, 0; Wheeler,
RI; Kimmond. n; Anthony, Id; Martin,
rb. Signal Corps-Herscy, G; Floyd,
RI; Lord, II: Libby, ID; Lowell, rb.
At the end OF the first half the score
stood 10 to in favor OF Company NJ.
In the second half two goals were made
by Company NJ and pone by the Signal
Corps, making the final score 10 to 0.
Summary Company III. Goals,
Wheeler 4, Kimmond B; from foul, Wat
son .. Signal Corps-Goals, Lord 2,
from foul, Lord .. Officials, Referes,
Dunham; timekeeper, Graham; scorer,
Leighton. Time, twenty minute halves.
The Portland daily press., 1901-01-11
A Deep Mystery.

It Is mystery why women endure
Backache, Headache, Nervousness,
Sleeplessness. Melancholy, Painting and
Dizzy Spells when thousands have proved
that Electric Bitters will quickly cure
such troubles: II suffered for years with
kidney trouble writes Mrs. Phebe
Cherley Of Peterson, Ia, ''and lame
back panied me so could not dress my
self, but Electric Bitters wholly cured
me. and, although % years old, now
am able to do all my housework." 1t
overcomes Constipation, improves Ap-
petite, gives perfect health. Only SOC
at II. r. S. Goold, drug store.
The Portland daily press., 1901-01-11
WOODFORDS.

Mrs. Hunt Of Stevens avenue, who has
been very III, is much better.
The Browning club held pleasant
mssting last Saturday evening at 1T
place Of meeting on Leonard street.
Mrs. Il. L. Lincoln has moved from
Hartley street TO Washington street,
where she 10 making her home with hei
son.
The next meeting OF The p. u.
Shakespeare club win take place Monday
evening, January l4th, and begin the
reading OF King Richard III.
Master Carl Hamilton OF North Deer.
Ing Is sick with typhoid fever.
Mrs. Il. c. wiides Of Stevens avenue fl
improving.
The Union Bible Glass win meet with
Mrs. Bennett, Leland avenue, Monday
evening, January 18th.
Mrs. Eliza Jones OF Peaks Island is
quite Ill at the home OF her daughter,
Mrs. Way, brentwood street, Deering
Center.
Mrs. Atkins of Richardson street,
with her little adopted son, has returned
from visit at the home OF her mother,
where she has been spsnding some weeks.
Mr. George Mead Stevens OF Stevens
avenue Is very Ill.
Mr.. Clarence Scribner and family have
moved from their former home in Deer
ing district to the home OF the mother of
Airs. Scribner, Portland. Mrs Soribner
was dangerously Ill at the time OF her re
moval
The w. w. whist club met "Wednesday
afternoon at the home of Mira. ID. b
Myrshrall, Arlington street. The affair
partook OF the nature of bundIs party.
each of the members donating present
Tor the prize list. Rsfreshments were
served, and a very enjoyable time was
had by all, 1t is expected that the club
Will enjoy an outing afternoon lunch at
Riverton casino at an early date.
Mrs. Martha Blake, widow Of the lata
Deacon Charles II. Blake still continues
to be quite sick with pneumonia.
DIR. A. p. Toplitf and family, Dssring
avenue, have just returned from brief
visit speht in Boston.
MIR. Charles B. Dalton has sold the
land and buildings located at 169 Wood
ford street, to MIR. William f.. Kent Of
Portland. The property Is that recently
bought by MIR. Dalton from MIR. John
Newman of Stroudwater. The house
which for long term of years has been
occupied by MIR. Charles L. Hooper. has
besn vacated, MIR. Hooper NOV
ing into house on Ocean street. 1t Is
to be the intention Of the
owner Of the Woodford street property to
comm snoe at an early date upon the con
struction Of three story tenement fiat.
The funeral services OF Mrs. Esther
Frost Whitney were held Wednes-
day morning at II o'clock, from the resi-
uenoe OF her daughter, Mrs. Albion II.
johnson, Perkins strest. The services
were conducted by Rev. Il. r. Wilson,
pastor of the Woocf ords Congregational
church. The body was taken to Gorham.
Wednesday noon, where interment took
plaoe.
The dedicatory exercises Of the new
Uniyersaiist chapel on VI fton street are
to occur on Thursday, February 7tn. 1t
ls the intention to have all of the local
Portland and Westbrook UniversaIist
pastors. as well as other Univsrsalist
ministers In different parts of the State,
In attendance to assist In the ceremonies
---------------------