The National tribune. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1877-1917, 1901-09-12

were not entirely without value to tn
Union cause, nor did an enlistment in
short-term regiment mean exemption iron
all the dangers, labors and privations o
a soldiers life in those stirring days o
1861 to 80. In fact, the first call of Pres
ident Lincoln, April 10, 1861, was TO
10000 militia for three months.
In the first Bull Run battle, July p
1861, the killed were 4S1, wounded 1,011
missing 1,4GO, making the total loss Of
the Union army 1852. a large portion OF
which loss was borne by the three-month.
men.
In the same year, at Wilson's Creek
the list Mo-, three-months' regiment
lost 80 killed, POS wounded and IL miss
ing, a total of 295. The 1st Kan, also
three-mOuthS' regiment, in the same
battle lost a killed, 1877 wounded and 2C
missing, a total loss of 2S4. As the NOR
tally wounded are included in the wound
ed, the killed would probably reach over
100 in each of these two regiments, and
would compare favorably with the losses
of any organization during the war.
Length of service is poor rule to meas
ure the value of a mans service to the
Government.
The services of the three-months' men
called out in 1862 were not Sc sanguin-
airy, but they did good service in holding
the places of the regular forces that went
forth to Maryland to win Antietam, and
some OF these were made prisoners-of-
war by the surrender of Gen. Miles at
Harpers Ferry.
The services of the short-term men OF
1863 could hardly be eXcelled. Called out
at a moments notice by the emergency
in PENNSYLVANIA, they hurried at once to
the State Capital, Harrisburg, and imme-
diately began active campaigning, erecting
forts and defenseS to resist the approach
of the rebels to the Susquehanna, and by
their encounters with scouting parties of
the rebel cavalry gave the impression that
the country was full of armed men. I'm
der Gen. w. F. (''Baldy'O Smith they re-
sisted the attack of J. e. B. Stuart's
cavalry On Carlisle, July l, 1853; they
were with the Army of the Potomac in
the pursuit of Lee to and across the Po-
tomac River; they also did guard and po-
lice duty in the village of Gettysburg af
ter the fight, and were commended in
General Orders by Gen. Meade; also
thanked in General Orders from the Ad
jutant- Office, Washington, D. G.
oNE-HUNDRED-DAYs MEN OF 1854.
The short-term organizations of 1864
were called out by somewhat different
plan than those of the preceding years.
The regular uniformed and organized mil
tia Of the older Eastern States were COM
planning some of being called out every
Summer. as had been the case in 1861,
1862 and 1863. Many business men had
gone with their militia regiments on each
of these Summer picnics; some never re-
turned, some came back wounded or
broken in health, and many stayed for
months in rebel prisons. Those that es-
capped these perils found that they had
lost their business or positions, many en-
listed in the regular volunteer organiZa
tons, others thought they had done their
share and should not be called out again
except by great emergency. Statements
seem to show that the calling out of State
militia in 1864 for 100 days was largely
due to the plans as suggested by Gen.
Ii. Z. Cowen, now Clerk of the United
States Court, Cincinnati, Ohio, who re-
signed from three-years' service with the
army in the field to accept the position
of AdjUtant-General of the State of Ohio
under Gov. John Brough, Jan. 1, 1864.
Comrade COwen had for some time been
impressed with the idea that if State
had well-Organized militia force it could
take the place during the campaigning
season of trained and seasoned veterans
in garrison duty, guarding supply posts,
military posts, and lines of transportation,
thus increasing the regular forces by send
ing the detailed men to the front for ac
tive duty He also was of the opinion
that if Ohio had had such force in 1868
the rebel Morgan's raid would not have
been so successful.
As Adiutant-G General of Ohio he imme-
diately began to reorganize the State
militia, and with such success that by
April, 1864, he felt justified in advising
Gov. Brough that Ohio could furnish 30
600 to 10000 militia to the Government
Cos. BrOugh at once visited Washing
ton and made formal tender to President
Lincoln Of 10000 men for 100 days. Pres
ldent Lincoln, while he thought fayorably
Of the project, also suggested that such
a large force TO be accepted from one
State alone might be misconstrued and
create ieaIousies, and that it would be
better to have more State Governors join
in the offer. Gov. Brough was SO enthu-
siastic and earnest in the matter that he
invited the Governors Of Indiana, Illinois,
Iowa and Wisconsin to meet with him and
sign an official tender of men for 100
days service. The meeting was held and
resulted i'll the following proposition being
submitted to President Lincoln:
War Department
Washington City, April 81, 1864.
To the President of the United States:
!. The Governors of Ohio, Indiana, Hi
nois, Iowa and Wisconsin offer to the
President infantry troops lot the APP
preaching campaign as follows: Ohio,
10000; Indiana, 10000; Illinois, 10000;
Iowa, 10000; Wisconsin, 5000.
ii. The term Of service to be 100 days,
reckoning from the day OF muster into
the service of the United States, unless
sooner discharged.
III. The troops to be mustered into the
service of the United States by regiments,
when the regiments are filed up accord
ing to regulations to the minimum
strength, the regiments TO be organized
according 10 the regulations of the War
Department, the whole number TO be fur
nished with 20 days from the date of no
tice Of the acceptance OF this proposition.
". The troops to be clothed, armed,
equipped, subsisted, transported and paid
as other United States infantry volunteers,
and to serve in Notifications or wherever
thcir services may be required, within or
without their respective States.
V. No bounty to be paid the troops, nor
the service charged or credited on any
draft.
VI The draft for three years service
TO 20 on in any State or district where
the quota is not filed up; but if any Of
ficer or soldier in this special service
should be drafted. he shall be credited for
the service rendered.
John Brough, Governor of Ohio