davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Central Nevadan. [volume] (Battle Mountain, Nev.) 1885-1907, 1901-05-02

There are many orchards In Okla
homa that have suffered a heavy and
unnecessary loss during the last sum-
mel from the attacks of borers. Many
farmers do not notice that there Is
anything wrong with the trees until
the leaves turn yellow and begin to
fall in midsummer. After this stage
has been reached there is little hope
for the tree and 1t dies before frost.
A glance at the tree will be sufficient
to see that the bark on the trunk Is
dead and black in Irregular spots and
lines. Just beneath the dead bark Is
the borer's burrow filled with worm
dust. The borer Is too familiar to re-
quire description. He works up and
down the side of the tree and finally
burrows to the center. When two or
three borers get into the same tree the
trunk is glrdled and the tree killed. In
many cases the borer works on only
one side of the tree.
II a large spot of bark is killed, the
bark and woods begin to rot and are
o o filled with a mushroom growth.
This mushroom breaks through tho
bark OF the tree and develops the fruit
ing portion on the outside of the
trunk. The f~ruiting part is white and
resembles that which Is seen on rot
ten logs. IL the tree dies the rot Is
then supposed to be the cause of its
death. The rot may hasten the death
Of the tree. but a tree that Is sound
and free from blemishes is very sell
dom II ever attacked by this rot.
The best thing to do is to keep the
tree free from borers and other inju-
ries. The land should be kept free
from grass and weeds and we'll culti-
waited. Good, clean cultivation Is worth
more than all the washes and Dress
ings that can be applied to prevent
borers.
The Central Nevadan. [volume] (Battle Mountain, Nev.) 1885-1907, 1901-05-02
FARM AND GARDEN.
MATTERS OF INTEREST TO
AORICULTURlSTS-
Come Up-to-Date Hints About cultiva-
tion of the Soil and Yields Thereof
HORTICULTURE, yiticulturs and Fioricul-
fure.


BLnut VI ~
Press bulletin Ga of the Kansas Ex-
pertinent station has the following 10
say on the smut of oats and wheat;
Smut of Oats.-The spores gain an
entrance during the termination OF
the seed. II the spores sticking to the
surface of the grain can be Killed the
disease can be almost wholly prevent
ed. To kill the spores the seed Is
soaked in hot water or In certain
chemicals. The hot-water treatment
is the cheapest, but on small quanti-
ties it Is not so convenient OF appllca-
ton as the other method. To apply
the hot-water treatment. soak the SEED
oats in water heated to a temperature
of 1873 degrees Fahrenheit. The grain,
In about half-bushel quantities, ID
placed in a sack, wire netting cage. or
other closed receptacle allowing free
access of water, and plunged in the
water, which should be In a large tub,
kettle or vat. 1t should be kept in the
water, being meantime rotated anu
plunged, about ten minutes. A Their
mometer should be at hand constantly,
for IL the temperature is too high the
seed will be injured, and II too low
the smut will not be killed. 1t Is a
good plan to dip the seed first into
water about ITO degrees TO 120 degrees
Fahrenheit, so that the hotter water
will not be so much cooled by the
process. After treating the seed Is
spread out on a floor to dry. The sec
ond method for treating oat smut is to
soak the seed for twenty-four hours In
a solution of flower of sulphur. one n
one-half pounds In twenty-five gallons
of water. Care should be taken to
completely wet all the grains. The
solution should be kept in a wooden
vessel.
Sinking Smut OF Wheat.-Wheas Is
affected by two smuts. One the stink
Ing smut, or bunt. remains within the
grain and is observed only when the
covering to the grain Is broken, when
the interior Is found to be a mass or
black dust or spores. This can be pre-
vented by the hot-water treatment, as
described for oat smut. or 1t can be
treated as follows: Soak the seed in a
solution of copper suiphate (blue-stone
DR. blue ~vitriol) for twelve hours and
then for five or ten minutes in a soiu-
ton of lime. The solution Of copper
sulphate Is made by dissolving one
pound OF copper sulphate in twenty
four gallons Of water. The lime solu-
ton is made by shaking II pound OF
fresh quick lime in ten gallons OF
water. The copper solution must be
kept in a wooden vessel.
Loose Smut OF Wheat.-The second
kind of smut on wheat Is the common.
conspicuous sort which makes the
whole head a black mass. To prevent
this kind OF smut, soak seed four hours
in cold water, set away in the wet
sacks for four hours moro and then
treat with hot water as described for
oat smut, but soak at 49, degrees for
only five minutes. The seed Is likely
to be injured some, SO one-half more
seed should be used than would other
wise be required.
The Central Nevadan. [volume] (Battle Mountain, Nev.) 1885-1907, 1901-05-02

Mud was thrown at me several
times in Spain a few weeks ago be-
cause ] was an Englishman," says MIR.
r. Sanborn, a young gentleman from
London. FINALLY, when l went to the
bank for some money. | asked the di-
rector the reason for demonstrations
of hatred against EnGlishmen, and he
informed me that it was because Of
the reports, disseminated by the Span
ish newspapers at the time, that there
would have been no war with the
United States but for England's re-
fusal to Join the powers In interven-
tion."-New York Letter.
The Central Nevadan. [volume] (Battle Mountain, Nev.) 1885-1907, 1901-05-02
Where Hairy Mammoth Is Buried.

J.. e. Spur, who recently went up
great clay bluff that is the burial place
Of thousands of mammoths. This bluff
called 'the b~oneyard" by the natives,
is over 200 feet high. The Yukon's
current is steadily undermining 1t at
the base, and from time to time sec
tions of 1t topple down, exposing tusks.
teeth and bones of the prehistoric
monsters. The mammoth was the ele-
plants MISREPRESENTATION, and
until a short time ago the scientists
believed that it had lived only in hot
countries. But many remains hove
been found lately In Siberia. and az
these relics show that the o.DoIian
mammoth had a heavy coat Of hair,
the scientists-who are usually willing
to admit that they have been wrong
decide hat it inhabited lands very
near the pole. The Esklmos carve the
tusks into pipes, ornaments and other
ivory articles, and Mr.. Spur says that
they have a legend about the animal
itself. A long time ago, according to
their account, Alaska was full Of lakes
and mammoths were very numerous.
Even in the time of the Eskimos'
Observation-Disclosures a band Of
them still lived on the shores Of a
great lake far In the interior, and they
were SO strong and terrible that the
Eskimos' ancestors were careful not
to hunt in that region.-Chicago Rec
ord.
The Central Nevadan. [volume] (Battle Mountain, Nev.) 1885-1907, 1901-05-02
Cos. of Raising Corn and wheat.

Repeated Investigations into the
cost of raising corn and wheat have
shown that about $40 for wheat and
S11 for corn per acre are about as low
as they car be produced. lnvestiga-
tons by the Wisconsin commissioner
OF agriculture resulted In a report
from which we make the following
excerpt:
"The returns from 40 OF the most
successful and prosperous farmers In
the state showed hat the annual In
vestment-that is. the expense OF Ia
Dor, seed, taxes, depreciation OF land.
machinery and horses used, feed and
incidental outlays-amounted to $6.l2
per acre for one crop of wheat and
s7.91 per acre for one crop OF corn. To
the average yield the past six years
this Is equivalent to about 35 cents per
bushel for wheat and 16 cents per
bushel for corn. II to this is added in
terest at 6 per cent on the value per
acre OF the machinery and horses used,
the annual investment and the value
of the land as estimated or given by
the farmers the expenses for wheat
would be increased from S6.12 to $9.45
per acre, OF from 80 to "a cents per
bushel. and for corn from 1871 to
s11.36 per acre. OF from 16 to ~ cents
per bushel."
The Central Nevadan. [volume] (Battle Mountain, Nev.) 1885-1907, 1901-05-02
THE SPOT DISEASE.
Growers of American yiolets Unable to
Check &c

Each year yiolets are sold through
out the United States to the value OF
a million dollars, and yet with all the
money invested in the industry grow
ers are not able to cop with and
master the violet disease" a name
given to several maladies which at
tack the violet. The worst OF these
maladles is characterized by the spots
with which 1t marks the flower, and
owing to the ravages of this particu-
lar disease, the cultivation of the vio-
let has been abandoned in many parts
of the country. The department of ag-
riculture says that the disease attacks
the plants at any stage of their growth,
from the small unrooted cutting In
the cutting bed to the mature plant in
full flower. Plants making q yigor-
GUS, rapid, but soft or suceulent
growth, are most subject to the dis
ease. It's first appearance Is charac-
terized by small, definite. usually cir
cular, greenish or yellowish white
spots, resembling the bite or sting Of
an insect. They vary In size from
dots scarcely preceptible to the unaided
eye to spots a thirty-second of an inch
or more In diameter. The point of in
lection is surrounded by a narrow ring
of discolored tissue, usually black or
very dark brown, but changes to a
lighter shade as the spots grow old
er. AS the spot develops, the central
portion remains unchanged In appear
ance, while the tissues Immediately
surrounding Il, either to one side or
more frequently in a circle, become
diseased by the ramifying growth Of
the fungus through this portion of the
leaf. Various opinions have been ex-
pressed as to the cause of the disease
weakness of the plants, improper soil
conditions, growing them in the open
fields where they are exposed to
drought, rains, dews and direct rays
Of the summer sun, and lack Of atten-
ton to properly heating, ventilating
and fumigating the houses. There Is
no effective remedy for the disease
when 1t has gained a foothold. The
principal fungicides in common use
for the prevention and check of plant
diseases have frequently been tried for
this trouble. but with varying results.
The solution of the problem of con-
trolling the disease lies in preventing
1t by giving careful attention to the
production of vigorous, healthy, plant
growth rather than in trying to check
the trouble after 1t has once gaip-d q
foothold.
The Central Nevadan. [volume] (Battle Mountain, Nev.) 1885-1907, 1901-05-02

Sir John Murray recently showed
how remarkably the Black Sea differs
from other seas and oceans. A surface
current flows continuously from the
Black Sea into the Mediterranean, and
an under current from the Mediter~
ranean into the Black Sea. The lat
ter current is salt. and, being heavier
than the fresh water above, it remains
stagnant at the bottom. Being sat
urated with sulphuretted hydrogen,
this water will not maintain life, and
so the Black Sea contains no living in
habitants below the depth Of about 100
fathoms. The deeper water when
brought to the surface smells exactly
like rotten eggs.
The Central Nevadan. [volume] (Battle Mountain, Nev.) 1885-1907, 1901-05-02

One OF the churches Of Chester, Pa,
has introduced what is a novelty there
"a penny concert. These concerts are
held In the church on each Friday ev-
ening, being chiefly designed for chill
dren. The church has always been
crowded on these occasions, both little
and big people attending in great num-
bers. They are charged 1 cent admis-
sion to an entertainment that is worth
many times more, and which is whole
some and instructive. The smaller
children are always given the center
seats in front, the larger ones the side
seats. 1t Is so distinctively an affair
for children that the big people who
attend have to content themselves with
the back seats is there are any left.
The Central Nevadan. [volume] (Battle Mountain, Nev.) 1885-1907, 1901-05-02

A recent number of The Railway
Journal contains a story of a railway
ticket which took a sudden journey on
its own account. AS the north-bound
train on the Colorado and Southern
road passed one of the stations a pas
senger in a forward car raised a win
dow, and in an instant his ticket was
blown from his hands out of doors.
The passenger naturally gave it up for
lost. and was very much surprised
when the baggagemaster handed 1t to
him a little while later. 1t appears
that when the ticket flew through the
window a south-bound train was pass
ing. The suction Of that train, whic;-
was going at a rapid rate, drew the
ticket along with 1t. and as it passed
the rear end of the north-bound train
1t blew into the door OF the smoking
car. There it was found by the bag
gagemaster.
The Central Nevadan. [volume] (Battle Mountain, Nev.) 1885-1907, 1901-05-02

According to a writer in the st.
James Gazette, a part of the credit for
the wonderful development of Japan
In civilization Is due to the Empress
Haruka. She married the emperor
thirty years ago, and, like him, is a
strong supporter of western ideas. The
emperor is the 121st In his line, and
the first who has given his wife a
seat at his table and a voice in the ma
tional councils. She set the example
in abandoning the customs of staining
the teeth and shaving the eyebrows.
The Central Nevadan. [volume] (Battle Mountain, Nev.) 1885-1907, 1901-05-02

1t is widely supposed that the disease
called appendicitis" was unknown to
the medical profession until the last
quarter of the present century. But
an old London doctor. who writes upon
the subject in the Lancet, says there
is nothing new about it, except 1.-The
name and the treatment" The disease
was we'll described in the older medical
books. and was then called "typhlitis."
But its real character was rarely veri-
fed except by post-mortem examina-
ton, whereas modern surgery. with its
a%naesthetic and antiseptic aids, II sum-
moned in time, is able to saw nearly
every patient who is not exhausted by
age or otherwise depleted.
The Central Nevadan. [volume] (Battle Mountain, Nev.) 1885-1907, 1901-05-02
QUEER CHINESE LANDSCAPE

II. which furnishes the cement neces-
sary to hold 1t together. It is very sus-
eeptible to the attack OF currents, and
while 1t Is said that 1t soon subsidies
from still water, 1t is carried long dis
tances by streams.
Found In America.
Loess is very common in the Missis-
sippi Valley. being found from Pierre.
in South Dakota, to Baton Rouge. on
the Mississippi. 1t forms the bluffs OF
Council Bluffs, Quincy and other To-
ealities on the upper river, and OF
Memphis, Vicksburg and sundry other
points on the lower. In America and
in Europe its utmost thickness is 100
or 200 feet, but in China 1t has a de-
yelopment of ten times that much.
The loess in China does not cap the
highest eminences, but rests against
the TANKS of the older strata. 1t In
places reaches 1000 feet in thickness.
and is very commonly as much as l.
900 feet. It's characteristic property OF
standing vertically Is everywhere dis
played. Roads are soon worn into the
earth. the walls on either side still re-
tanning their perpendicular, till In the
course of years there Is formed a
sunken road perhaps 20 or so feet be-
meath the level of the plateau. OFTEN
there are successive cuts which are
transformed into terraces, and houses
or villages built upon them after the
manner of cliff dwellings. Indeed.
chambers are frequently exeayated
deep into the walls, and even whole
suites CT rooms, the dwellings varying
from simple caves to veritabie ioess
palaces.
Similar things occur on a far lesser
scale in the loess districts OF the
United States. Near Natehez, Miss,
and at other like places where the
loess formation prevails, sunken roads
may be seen 20 feet or more in depth.
The Central Nevadan. [volume] (Battle Mountain, Nev.) 1885-1907, 1901-05-02

or other disturbing influences 1t will
stand in perpendicular walls several
hundred feet high. The cuts given
herewith are from snapshots taken by
Richthofen, and give interesting scenes
in this startling country that seems to
offer absolutely no inducement to hui
mainly, which, however, with its nat
ural perversity, seems to thrive amidst
the appalling state of conditions found
here.
The Central Nevadan. [volume] (Battle Mountain, Nev.) 1885-1907, 1901-05-02

Diamonds have been found in con-
siderable numbers and of very fine
quality in the interior of British
Guiana. on the Mazaruni River $50
miles above its junction with the Es-
sequibo. Mr.. Moulton, our consul at
Demerara, says that the London deal
ers to whom the stones have been for
warded consider them superior to
South African diamonds and equal In
quality to those of Brazil. The pres
ent diggings are situated in a tropical
jun gle five miles from the river, and
the region is not easily reached. The
matrix from which the gems have be-
come scattered is now the object Of
search.
The Central Nevadan. [volume] (Battle Mountain, Nev.) 1885-1907, 1901-05-02

River runs in China. Here the soil is
of such peculiar formation that deep
sunken raFines cross it in every direc-
ton and the whole scene is made up
of a succession of yellow, perpendicular
walls, in some cases 1000 feet high.
Such surroundings cannot but ave
their effect upon the people who dwell
among them, and the beings who in
habit this land of crumbling cliffs are
the most superstitious, while at the
same time the most philosophical in
the Whole world.
ompose of Loess.
The plateau Is composed OF nearly
horizontal carboniferous strata, super
imposed upon older rocks and over
lain on their TANKS by heavy deposits
of loess. This latter is a material
which is very widely distributed over
the earth, and which by its peculiari-
ties excites attention and is easily rec
ognized wherever found.
It was frst observed on the Rhine,
then probably in America, and finally
in China, where its development in
so remarkable a degree has been made
the subject of special geological study.
Nowhere on the globe has a like for
nation been found. Loess is a yellow
ish, brownish or grayish earth which
is so soft and friable that it Is easily
reduced to powder between the fingers,
and yet Of so firm a consistency that
when undermined by currents of water
The Central Nevadan. [volume] (Battle Mountain, Nev.) 1885-1907, 1901-05-02
,xh,h,t baa been installed. the twenty

exhibit had been installed, the twenty
functionaries appeared. The head OF
the line reached tho table Of the I'LL
nois exhibit and the stately procession
stopped. The head seemed to be I'M
mensely pleased at the beautiful show
made by the Illinois fruit. and ex-
claimed. "Ah, messieurs, tres jolie.
tres bien, tres bien. Vingt." And the
nineteen other men answered in Choir
us, "Oui, oui." Which, being inter-
preted, means, "Ah. gentlemen, very
pretty. very good. very good. Twenty"
And the others answered Eyes. yes"
1t is evident that the fine coloring In
the American apples made an impress
sion.
The Central Nevadan. [volume] (Battle Mountain, Nev.) 1885-1907, 1901-05-02
FROM HERO TITUS.
The Kansas Lad Who Distinguished
Himself at Pekin.

Calvin Pearl Titus, the Wichita boy
who hoisted the flag over the walls of
Pekin, writes as follows to a Wichita
friend of his fine exploit, says the
Kansas City Journal: MY company
was in the lead. l had the honor to
be the first man tc scale the wall and
to put the first shot down into the city.
for which little thing / am to re-
ceive a medal Of honor from Uncle
Sam. l have the large silk flag l got
on the wall with the bearers blood
yet on it. That afternoon we relieved
the legations. How glad they were
to see us, ragged al we were! When
we marched in the women brought Us
water and 1t was about all they had.
l couldn't speak to them If l had tried.
I would have cried like a baby. The
next day we attacked the imperial city
and captured four gates, one within
the other. The last gate was taken
by my company, with two killed and
two wounded going through It. AT
the frst ate a big piece of shell passed
The Central Nevadan. [volume] (Battle Mountain, Nev.) 1885-1907, 1901-05-02
Horticultural Observations.

The defenders OF the Ben Davis
apple are finding much comfort in a
little incident that occurred at Paris at
the close OF the fruit exhibit. The
American apples were sold at auction.
and the man who purchased them re-
sold them at a profit. For one barrel
he received $40, and en- inquiry II Is
learned that this barrel of apples on
sisted OF Ben Davis only. They SIM
ply out-sold all OF their competitors.
the said competitors being fruits that
at home bring a much higher price
than the Ben Davis apple. This is en-
couraging news to the men who are
putting out great orchards OF this va
riety. The well-developed Ben Davis
apple, grown In the southern parts of
Illinois, Indiana and Missouri, has a
beautiful color and good flavor, and Is
bound to make a place for itself on the
French market.
France, and, In fact, all OF the coun-
tries of western Europe. offer a great
field for the sale of American apples at
a high price. The people In those
countries raise a great many apples,
but they are all OF the summer and
fall sorts. and are all gone by Christ
mas. The Europeans seem to have
failed to comprehend the possibility In
the raising OF bookkeeping varieties.
AS a consequence. the few apples that
find their way to the French market in
late winter sell for an exorbitant
price. Last March, Mr.. Dunlap tells
us, apples sold In Paris at $40 each.
The French are unable to keep fruit
for the reason that they have no cold
storage facilities and know nothing
about cold storage. We believe that
the NJ : future will see an immense
trade in bookkeeping varieties OF APP
pies. The cost Of shipping a barrel of
apples from Chicago to Paris Is about
81, which includes tariff duties at the
French port of entry.
II. M. Dunlap says that the fruit
growers of Illinois should be highly
elated at securing premiums from the
French judges who awarded them.
The French awarding committee Is a
remarkable institution. 1t consists OF
twenty men, with the leading pomolo-
gist of France at their head. These
men never appear in the exhibition
room except with tall hats, dress suits
and their badges of Office. He thus
describes the incident of the awarding
to Illinois of perfect" on n Of the
exhibits: 1.-THE French judged every
thing in the fruit line on the scale OF
twenty points, and of course 1t was
difficult to get more than eighteen
| points for the best displays. as even
they could not be generally considered
perfect. One day, however. after a new
The Central Nevadan. [volume] (Battle Mountain, Nev.) 1885-1907, 1901-05-02

Professor Campbell OF the Lick OBJ
s~ervatory reports that the star called
XII Geminorum, which has long been
known as a variable. is in reality
double, but its two components are so
close that no telescope is able to sep
arate them. and their existence is
proved by the shifting lines in the
spectrum. The variations in bright
ness, he thinks, can only be due to the
attraction between the two stars rails
Ing immense tides in their molten or
vaporous globes. which, through the
effects of compression or otherwise.
displace the spectral lines.
The Central Nevadan. [volume] (Battle Mountain, Nev.) 1885-1907, 1901-05-02

The most remarkable country in the
world has just been described by the
German explorer, Baron 0 RIGHT
hofen. It's landscapes have a weird
ness and g~rotesqueness that Dante
alone could have properly described
and Dore illustrated. This strange
country is a plateau comprising the
mountainous region OF Shan-si and
Shen-si, through which the Yellow
The Central Nevadan. [volume] (Battle Mountain, Nev.) 1885-1907, 1901-05-02

Archduke Otto, the future emperor
of Austria, Is an artist of great talent
He possesses his own studio In thu
Academy Of Fine Arts in Vienna, and
divides his time between the headquar.
tiers of the cavalry corps which he
commands and his studio. The arch
duke has frequently exhibited his work
anonymously, in order that 1t might
stand on its merits and not be favor
ably criticised because of his rank.
The Central Nevadan. [volume] (Battle Mountain, Nev.) 1885-1907, 1901-05-02

under my chin and gave me a scratch
about an inch long. Those were great
days. We were in where white men
had never been before. On the marble
side of the last gate of the palace l
picked up the brass firing pin of an
exploded shell and scratched my
name"