davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1901-11-29
THE OLDEST NEWSPAPER.
Picking News, Founded 40 A. ID.
and Published Continuously
Ever Since,


The oldest newspaper in the world
is the Tsing-Pao, or Picking News,
founded in the year TO A. d. Until
quite lately it was generally sup
posed that the Kin Pan, a Chinese
journal published in Picking for the
last 1000 years, was the Oldest news
paper in the world. In very able
work recently published, however,
1mbault Huart, the French consul at
Canton, shows that this high honor
belongs to the Tsing-Pao, which has
been published continuously since
been founded some 200 years before
that date, or early in the sixth CEN
fury, 500 years before a newspaper
was known in Europe.
The Tsing-Pao now appears as a
book of "a pages, octave size, tied in
yellow cover by two kinds of rice
paper. Each page has seven char
acters, or letters, which read from
top to bottom. The types are made
of willow wood. This is the edition
de luxe" officially recognized by the
emperor, and the price of which is
about "a cents month. There is
also a popular edition, got up rough
ly on poor paper and printed, or
rather daubed, from plate of en-
graved wax. This costs 16 cents per
month and is issued an hour before
the other.
1t is the official journal of the gov
ernment-the Times of China. It
gives all the details concerning the
person of the emperor, his move
ments, his maladies, his remedies,
| the imperial DEGREES and the reports
| of the ministers, in the printing of
which every error is punished with
| death.
1t announces to all the provinces
| the date which has been fixed by the
emperor for the people to change
their summer hats for winter ones,
which they are expected to do as one
| man. This journal is easy to read,
for it appears in an English transla-
ton in Shanghai.
After the "Tsing-Paon the most
liilPol paper III SuIHd is Vi IllOu'
ern date, the "Chin-Pao," or Shang-
| hal News, founded in 1879, 1t has a
| circulation of some $4,000 copies, and
at the close of the Franco=Chinese
war Ii Hung Chang made use of it
an innovation till then unknown-to
influence the public opinion and dem
onstrate by history the rights of the
| Chinese over Anam,
Chinese newspapers are usually
printed on yellow paper, which is
changed to blue in case of mourning
and red on gala days. One paper has
three editions each day, on yellow
paper in the morning, gray at noon
and white at night, SO that the
sellers cannot distribute one edi-
! ton for another in serving their
customers. Another journal has
title which signifies "the re-
production of what Is necessary to
know" all given on couple of pages
octave size. The foreign words, as
for instance, the word 'telephone'
is made to read ''to-ilfonung."
The Chinese press, like many OF
their other institutions, has remained
stationary for 1000 years, but it is
now beginning to wake up and mod
ornate itself.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1901-11-29
The Ohildren's Friend.

You'll have cold this winter. Maybe
you have one now. Your children will suf-
fer too. For coughs, Group. bronchitis,
grippe aud other winter complaints One
Miunte Cough Cure never fails. Acts
promptly 1t is very pleasant to the taste
and perfectly harmless. c. B. George,
Winchester. KY. writes: "Our little girl
was attacked with Group late one night
and was so hoarse she could hardly speak
We gave her a few doses of One Minute
Cough Cure. It relieved her Immediately
and she went to sleep When she awoke
next morning she had no signs OF
hoarseness or Group" Eli T. Reynolds.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1901-11-29
Why He Wasn't Lacking Wei,

"Your husband is not looking well
tonight, Mrs. Rhymer."
"He isn't, and I'm not surprised
at it,"
"No? Has he been oyerworking him.
self?"
at isn't that so much, it's his orig
inality. Why, that man is struck by SO
many original ideas that his mind must
be one mass of bruises, Pearson's
Weekly.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1901-11-29
Hnppening of the UnexDected

At considerable length the superin-
tendent of the Sunday school had set
forth the culpability of the sluggard,
who, he said, needed only the spur
of a worthy motive to become use
full member of society.
-'Now, then, boys" he asked, in a
more animated manner, what is the
matter with the sluggard?"
Hes all right" yelled the boys, in
chorus.-Chicago Tribune.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1901-11-29

Il was chosen out of four appli,
cantS, being given the preference
because | was a Gold y graduate"
writes Charles Truitt. Get the free
catalogue of Goldey College, Viii
mington. See adv. this paper.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1901-11-29
ASTHMA CURE FREE!
AsthmaIene Brings instant Relief and Per-
manent Cure in All Cases.
SENT ABSOLUTELY FREE ON RECEIPT OF POSTAL.


There is nothing like ASTHMA
LENE. 1t brings instant relief, even
in the worst cases. 1t cures when
all else fails.
The Rev. c. F. WELLS, of Villa Ridge,
H., says: your trial bottle of Asthma
lene received in good condition. / can
not tell you how thankful l feel for the
good derived from it. l was a slave,
chained with putrid sore throat and
Asthma for ten years. l despaired of ever
being cured. I saw your advertisement
for the cure of this dreadful and torment.
ing disease, Asthma, and thought you had
overspoken yourselves, but resolved to give
1t trial. To my establishment, the trial
acted like charm. Send me full-sze
bottle"
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1901-11-29
DIR. Bulls Cough Syrup cures a

Cough or Cold at once. Conquers Group,
Whooping Cough and Measles Cough
without fail. Best for Bronchitis. Hoarse-
ness, Grippe. Pneumonia. Consumption
and Lung Affections. Quick, sure results
Price, 25c.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1901-11-29

Vanity" said Lord Roseberry, re-
Gently, lis a centipede with corns on
every foot."-N. Y. Commercial Ad-
vertiser.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1901-11-29
g M\~r~

This signature is on every box of the genuine
Laxative BrOmO=Q uinine Tablets
the remedy that cures n cold In ONE day
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1901-11-29
Avon Springs, N. Y, Feb. I, 1901.
DR.. Taft Bros Wedicine Co.,

Avon Springs, N. Y Feb I,Ieo
1entemen testimonial
effect OF your Ahmalene for the Asthma My wife
well many others CHANGED
about November
NJ. d.
D'. 1Yt hf0S Mfah7"e Co.. Feb.
Gentlemen troubled with
remedies all failed
trial bottle found relief have
and grateful have family children,
TO work health
Home address, Rivngon New orkC
TRIAL BOTTLE SENT ABSOLUTELY RECEIPT OF POSTAL
Do not delay Write addressing
10 East I3oh St New York City
soED az DRUGGISTS
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1901-11-29


liter carefully
opium, morphine chloroform ether Very truly
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1901-11-29
Rev. DR.. Morris Wechsler,

Rabbi of the Cong. Buai Israel
New York, Jan. 3, 1901.
DrS. Taft Bros Wedicine Co.,
Gentlemen : Your Asthmalene is an ex-
cellent remedy for Asthma and Hay Fever
and lis ComnoSitiou alleyiates all tronhles
Devils Lake inter-ocean. (Devils Lake, Ramsey Co., Dakota [N.D.]) 1884-1905, 1901-12-20
st. Paul fur coat
$50 styles
Everyone a winner
f. w. Mann & Son.

E.. A. LaRue left for Churchs
Ferry Tuesday to attend to some
Chautauqua business matters.
Mr.. LaRue states that already he
Las some attractions underlined
for Chautauqua. He will leave
shortly for a meeting to be held by
several Chautauqua Associations
in South Dakota, to make more
arrangements for talent for the
coming season.
Remember you can buy a piano
from $3.50 up to $1,000, at Gets
store, largest stock of musical
goods in the state, over 30 pianos
and so organs to select from.
Gall and get prices terms to suit
purchaser, 4 ! ,e@.s I'd -, Il, \
Puts gray matter in your head.
Brings q rosy glow to faded
cheeks. Restores, vim, vigor.
mental and physical happiness.
That's what Rocky Mountain will
do. IS cents. @. Nv. Greene |
| The Degree Of Honor elected
the following officers to serve fol
the ensuing years Past Chief Of
Honor, Mrs. Geo. Juergens; Chief
of Honor, Mrs. Ole Serumgard;
Lady Of Honor, Mrs. Geo. Rub
berg; Recorder, Mrs. Joseph
Denoyer; Chief Of Ceremonies, Mrs,
Jens Svee; Financier, Mrs. Eva
Swanston; Receiver, Mrs. Richard
Daeley, Lady Usher, Mrs. William
Hines; I. w. Mrs. William Hurst;
W., Mrs. Halgreen; Trustee,
Mrs. George Juergens.
No one can reasonably hope fol
good health unless his bowels
move once each day. When this
is not attended to, disorders Of the
stomach arise, biliousness, head
ache, dyspepsia and piles soon
follow. fyou wish to avoid these
ailments keep your bowels regular
by taking Chamberlain's Stomach
and Liver Tablets when required.
They are so easy to take and mild
and gentle in effect, For sale at
IGreene's drug store. /
Devils Lake inter-ocean. (Devils Lake, Ramsey Co., Dakota [N.D.]) 1884-1905, 1901-12-20

A. M. Kerkheide, of Churchs
Ferry. was in the city several days
the first of the present week.
Don't fail to see the celebrated
Webster pianos at Geo. W. Gets,
The finest instrumental the world.
Miss Christina johnson, Of
.Churchs Ferry, was the guest of
the Sevilla Tuesday and Wednes-
day.
If you want to pay the balance
due on your crop contract for land
John w. Maher will loan you the
money with which to do SO.
G.. E. Sprang, Of St. Paul, was
in the city this week and secured
orders for several hundred North
Dakota maps.
Russell & Schultz sell hard and
soft wood. Ignite coal. posts, hay
and oil meal. If you want haul
ing done come and see them.
Matt Mccarthy, Of York, was in
the city Monday calling on friends
and working up some real estate
and. loan. deals.
- ~ ! .rSyiz L T. " .qar4 ~ ~ tar, ~ 5al.
10 Judge. by the enormous
amount of goods sent out by Geo.
W. Gets, you would think same
was a large wholesale establish
ment.
George Flett, Of Fargo, owner Of
the popular trotter, Delta was in
the city Monday representing the
Buffalo Pitts Co. in some business
transactions.
The Great Northern excursions
to Eastern Canada offer a splendid
opportunity to see the marvels of
the shop windows in the Twin
Cities, Chicago and Detroit, dur
ing the holiday season. Don't
miss it. See local agent Kipp fol
rates and information.
! John @. Schultz, formerly Of
Penn, now residing at Hurricane
!; Lake, was in the city Tuesday
Mr.. Schultz raised 5000 bushels
of grain from his Hurricane Lake
farm the past season, some of il
being fax.
Among the tens of thousands
who have used Chamberlain
.iCough Remedy for colds and Ia
grippe during the past few years
to our knowledge, not a single case
has resulted in pneumonia. Thos
whitfield & Co., 24O Wabash
avenue, Chieago,,on one Of the most
prominent retail druggists in thai
city, in speaking Of this says
"We recommend Chamberlain
Cough Remedy for lagrippe in
many cases, as it not only gives
prompt and complete recovery:
but also c%ounteracts any tendency
: of lagrippe to result inpneumonia.'
.LFor sale G. reenes. drug .store,,%
Devils Lake inter-ocean. (Devils Lake, Ramsey Co., Dakota [N.D.]) 1884-1905, 1901-12-20
Il LOCAL. FIELD.

NJ. r. Duffy, of Dawson, was in
thescity visiting friends Monday
and Tuesday.
Charles T. Studness and wife, OF
JChurchs Ferry, were in the city
Monday and Tuesday. Z.
Albert faster, Of Penn, was in
the city Tuesday closing up the
purchase Of a quarter section Of
Iand,in Irvine township. {
Devils Lake inter-ocean. (Devils Lake, Ramsey Co., Dakota [N.D.]) 1884-1905, 1901-12-20

+. L.. Stanton, OF LeeQs, was IN
the city on legal business Tuesday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Geo. w. Mooers
left on Wednesday mornings flyer
for a three weeks trip visiting
friends and relatives in and about
Minneapolis.
Used by the ladies of fashion
all over the world. It's without
doubt the greatest beauti6er ever
offered the American women. 80
cents. Made only by Madison
Medicine Co.. 9. w. Greene.
The Nineteen Hundred gave a
farewell reception in honor of Mr..
and Mrs. Carl w. Cleveland on
Monday evening at the home OF
Mr.. and Mrs. Geo. w. Mooers.
Lucy.-The pimples, sores and
blackheads are danger signals.
Take. Rocky Mountain Tea, you'll
lgive q farewell reception to your
TROUBLES, 3d. cents. e.. NV:
Greene. 4. s,s,. !. j
W. n. Douglas, representing the
Connecticut Fire Insurance GO.
was a 1.-THE city the. first Of the
week closing fup the comppappy'la
business forthe year.
| G.. W. Gets reports the sale Of
several large bills of furniture this
week. sales; are so much larger than
expected he, has wired for another
carload.
George w Taylor, the life insur-
ance man who spent most of the
summer here, returned from Fargo
Monday and is settled down to
business-the guest of the Sevilla.
Now is your opportunity to visit
the Twin Cities, Chicago and
Detroit, if you take advantage Of
the Great Northern excursion
rates to Eastern Canada. It
doen't cost much. See Agent
Kipp about rates, etc.
The XIX Century club Withhold
a regular meeting in club rooms,
Jan. 3rd. At this meeting election
Of officers will be held. All mem
bers are requested to be present
Mrs. Denoyer, Sec.
Geo. w. Gets has had to get
two more men to help handle the
enormous trade he has, this makes
seven men he has employed at the
present time and it is probable he
will have to add another in arshort
time fTthe present rush&continues.
| The M. E.. Sunday school will
have their Christmas tree as usual
on Christmas Eve and a cantata
entitled christmas With the Pix
ies'' will be rendered. Program
will begin at 7:30 p. m. All are
J invited
Devils Lake inter-ocean. (Devils Lake, Ramsey Co., Dakota [N.D.]) 1884-1905, 1901-12-20
ONE CENTA WORD COLUMN

ADVERTISEMENTS will BE- inserted In this
no advertisements inserted for less than, Is cent?
Barre evening telegram. (Barre, Vt.) 1898-19??, 1901-07-23
. ouo,nt English Ceremony

IN the last day of each Octooer 'no
city solicitor of London with , an as.
hroncer when. by proclamation, tine
tenants and occupiers Of piece Oh
waste ground called the moors' IN 'he
county of salop," are commanded a 10
"come forth and do your service upon
pain and peril that shall fall thereon
The solicitor chops in halves two rag
OTIS one with hatchet and the other
with n billhook. Afterward comes the
summons to the tenants, etc, OF "a GER
tain tenement with forge In the
Strand and the payment of six horse
shoes, with CT shoe nails, by the So
licitor This forge has long ceased To-
be. and the same shoes and nails are
used year after year, the shoes belhs
at least two centuries old.
Barre evening telegram. (Barre, Vt.) 1898-19??, 1901-07-23

In Shakespeare's name lies the key
to wonderful cryptogram. The SPELL
Ing shakespeare" was the poets nom
de plume, while "Shakespere" was his
name, an evident change from Shakes
pear" In each of the two spellings
last given are ten letters-four vowels
and six consonants. Combine these
two figures. and we have the number
46, the key to the mystery
Turning to the Forty sixth Psalm in
the revised version, it is found that the
psalm is divided into three portions,
each one ending with "selah." Remem-
Der the number-lG.
Counting ~ words from the begin
ming of the psalm. one reads the word
shake in the first portion. and count
Ing 40 words from the end of the psalm
one reaches the word spear" There
Is "Shakesppar" as plainly as letters
can make it.-London Answers.
Barre evening telegram. (Barre, Vt.) 1898-19??, 1901-07-23
A WORTHY SUCCESSOR.
something New Under
inc sum-"

All doctors have tried to cure CA
IARRH by the Use of powders acIo
gases, lnudltrs ana drugs in paste
form Their powders dry up the mu.
cuous memoran.s causing thcm to
crack open and bleed. the Yerfi,I
aclds Used in the lnhalers nave euGir. .
~ eaten away the same membran, 8
mat their makers have almeu to cure.
while pastes and UintHents cannvi
reach Cne disease. An old and exper.
lenced practitioner WHO has tor MANY
Years made close study ana Suecial5,
OF Inc Treatment OF CATARRH, mas
at last perfected Treatment which
wnen faithfully used. MT only relieves
at once, out permanently cures GA.
IARRH. by removing the cause. stop.
ping the discharges, and curing all
Inflammation. IT, is tue on.y remedy
knowh W science tnat actually reaches
the afflicted parts. THIS wonderful
remedy Is known as sNUFFLES
the GUARANTEED CATAKRH
CURE" and is sold at The EXTREMELY
low price OF One Dollar, each PACKAGE
Containing internal and external men
iclne sufficient Tor full months
treatment and every thing necessary IT,
its perfect Use.
- "SN UFFLES" is the only perfect
GA IARHH LURE ever made and ia
now recognized as The only safe ana
positive cure for That ann,ying ano
disgusting disease. 1t cures ali H..
flammat.oa quickly ana permanent,
ana Is also wonderfully quick to re.
lleve HAY FEVER or CULD in the
HEAD. ~
CA fARRH when neglected oftens
leaos to OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES.
FILES " Will save you If you use il Al
once. 1t Is no ordinary remedy, but
a complete treatment wnicn Is posl.
lively guaranteed TO cure CATARRH
10 any form or stage If used ACCORDING |
To directions which accompany each
package. Don t delay but SEND for il |
at once and write full PARTICULARS as
To your condition, and you will receive
special advice from the discoveIer OF
inns wonderful rems dy regarding you
Case Without cost tu you beyond The
regular prlce Of "SNUFF les" TIN
~ U A Il A n TEEU ATARRL
CURE"
Sent prepaid to any address in th.
United States or Canada GA receipt OF
One Dollar. Address Dept, D 526
hDWlA Il GILES Il COMPANY,
$50 and 1882 Market Street. Pnila.
lelpnia.
Barre evening telegram. (Barre, Vt.) 1898-19??, 1901-07-23
Convincing a COnnOfsseur.

Sumo years ago the late DR.. Colo
aettc undertook to make a bottle of
3ort that should not cost more than
sareepence which the best Judges
0iould lie unable to distinguish from
NC highest priced wine that could be
s'talned in the island. The preparation
was compounded openly before large
Tssambiage, and three competent
ridges were selected to test the prod.
Net. The basis of this compound was
Id21, colored with an infusion of log
wood To this he added Il few grains
~ tartaric acid and salt of tartar to
give respectively a rough taste and
feLowed appearance. When three
glasses of this compound and three
tEsa sses of recognized port were pre-
waited to the judges to taste and pass
''fss.T verdict, without being told which
w2s which, they unanimously pro-
E,uftcod in favor of the doctors cheap
ApEaration and rejected the genuine
t2ret. What they would have said the
ltext morning if they had consumed a
]sftle Of this preparation remains a
matter Of conjecture.-London Chroni-
Iess
Barre evening telegram. (Barre, Vt.) 1898-19??, 1901-07-23

A man with grip entered q down
OWL drug store and asked permission
tcflcok at the city directory. He was
70 long about his search that one Of
the clerks got to watching him. and
7ot without results. The man was ap>
2arently looking through the business
indexes at the back of the book, and
whenever he came to a page he fancied
aee cut it out with deft movement,
Barely detectible. The clerk called the
proprietor. and between them they saw
him cut no less than five pages from
s3le book.
Then the proprietor bcckoned to
sn',liceman just outside the window and
went up to his customer
"Got through with the book?' he
ss&oo.
Yes, quite" was the reply. Much
ssbliged. Is there any cllarge?'
Yes the usual charge" said the
sEus store man. Eight dollars,
pleas :"
Th'a man looked at the proprietor
BOOK in the policeman and without 4
word produced his wad and settled.
mis- is not the first time people
sdaya mutilated my directory" said
A@ druggist In relating the incident.
vat it's the first vandal caught at it.
instead Of copying the few names he
wants he preferred to cut out whole
Mares. Well, he paid for his fun
Cleveland Plain Dealer.
Barre evening telegram. (Barre, Vt.) 1898-19??, 1901-07-23
Siberian Luxuries.

The three great luXuries in Siberia
are churches. thcaters and museums.
Even the smaller villages can usually
be sighted from afar by means of the
white walls and the towering, dome
shaped cupolas of their churches.
These are all amply supplied with bells
whose rich tones roll in majestic har-
mony over distant hill and vale and
break the monotony Of the peasants
daily toll. Inside these churches are
highly ornamented with paintings, and
they are presided over by married
priests, who take deep and genuine
interest IN even the poorest of the flock.
Barre evening telegram. (Barre, Vt.) 1898-19??, 1901-07-23

Twice a year, in the first week Of
4ss,r1s and October, the Chinese feed
.hetr dead. They think, very sensibly,
hat once their friends and relatives
cave this mortal coil they ought to
5Eay away from this world. and to pre-
rent their return they faithfully trans
nit 80 them all the neccssaries of life.
II LAS been discovered by oriental wis
dom Eaat the way to transmit serv-
aazs5 songs. plays, books and money Is
- lnanufacture them in paper and
smu them. But actual eatables must
nc carried to the grave.
Ihe Chinese are not stingy, and wag.
~ loads of roasted chickens, pigs,
aurGs, various sweetmeats and fruits
FEe taken to the cemeteries. The food
d Essied before each grave amid burn.
1E red, carrot shaped candles and joss
sticks. Then the living PROSTATE them
spsves before the dead and beg them
TO- Use up and enjoy themselves. Chi.
1eSe wines are then sprinkled literally
,yaaer the graves while some graves re-
Etavs boxes of cigars and packages of
cigarettes.
But you must not suppose that the
aatables are left on the graves. Oh,
mi That would be throwing too much
4rnptation in the way Of heather
ssamrs. In about two hours it is be-
Hsyed that the ghosts got the essence
o. the eatables conveyed to them. and
Zen the devotees gather up the Offer
fngy and carry them home again to
essd to their own material bodies. But
lie cigars and cigarettes are burned
m the graves.
Barre evening telegram. (Barre, Vt.) 1898-19??, 1901-07-23
TROUBLE IN THE OFFICE.

1t Was Caused by the Editors CO.
nundrum.
"Why is a woman like an umbrella!'
asked the exchange editor.
Because she's made of ribs and at
tached to stick" replied the informa-
ton editor. "Why is
"Wrong Guess again."
because she always has to be shut
up when'-
NAV! You fatigue me-"
Because she stands in the hall
and
"Naw! It's nothing about standing
In the hall"
"a woman Is like an umbrella be-
cause nobody ever gets the right one.
Why is" -
"Rlng of! That isn't the answer ell
Their"
Its better one than you've got"
Don't you reckon know whether Il
Is or not? Whose conundrum is this
yours or mine?'
"Well, she's like an umbrella be-
cause 1t isn't because she fades with
age. is it?'
You ought to be ashamed OF your.
self"
II am. Is it because you have to put
up when it's cloudy and threatening
No; that can't be it. Because she's
good thing to have in the house. Why
is
You're not within four counties Of
It,"
Because you can't find any pocket
In either. Why is
mo choice. Vote again."
II won't. A woman isn't like an UNI.
brella. There is not the slightest re-
semblance. You 60 on with your work
and let me alone"
II knew you couldn't guess it.. It's
because she's accustomed to reign"
Then the information editor rose in
his wrath. and they were only pre-
vented from doing mischief to each
other by prompt-and wholly uneX-
pected-work on the part of the labor
editor.-Chicago Tribune.
Barre evening telegram. (Barre, Vt.) 1898-19??, 1901-07-23
Curious Funeral Custo~

In Switzerland death is attended Nv
custom which calls upon all charita-
ole ana Christian people to show their
sympathy. A notice edged with wide
black line appears in the daily papers
setting forth the dty and hour whom
'F'llne'llHers must assemble before
rhc Douse OF the deceased. AT the fine
'aiiieu Ilttie cloth covered table, sup
polt!ng good sized jar, is stood be-
forc the house. table, cloth and ior nil
't'ln% Of sombcr, ebony hue, and into
he latter small mourning cards. bear
ne the name and address Of thrir own.
RS, are deposited. The day the funeral
takes place is the day selected for the
Exhibition Of the jar. No ladies' are nj