The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1901-08-11

is also known that for a long period-more
than a million Of years-two suborders of
apes have been developing quite independ-
emily of each other in the Western and East
ern h~emispheres. Man has descended from
some extinct member of the suborder of
the apes OF the old world. The highest
African and Asiatic apes are nearer to the
lowest men than the lowest men are to the
highest types OF men. The difference be-
tween low and high apes is greater than
the difference between high apes and man.
The close affinity between animals and man
has always been known TO the observing,
even to the old Greeks. Maternal love Is
found IN its extreme form in the mother
ape. Vivisection, which IL the object OF
violent attack by the ignorant, is indis-
pensable to scientific research, and this,
too, was known to the old Greeks.
Man has no single mental faculty which
belongs TO him alone. animals have the
same faculties as man, they differ only In
degree. Conscious memory in man and the
higher animals is a very late development.
Instinct In plants, In the lowest and highest
animal life and in man is merely memory.
Primary Instincts are unconscious. they
are Inherent from the very commencement
of organic life, even in protoplasm- The
impulses OF self-preservation and OF the
preservation of species by the care OF the
down from the earliest forms of life. The
higher yertebrates have the faculty Of rea-
between the reason of Goethe and an Aus
tralian aborigine Is greater han the differ
ence between the reason of an anthropoid
ape or an eicpudit "a al "A q Il u
man speech differs only in degree of devel-
opment from the speech of animals. Emo
lions are common to man and the brute.
The expressions OF emotion are alike in
man and the high ape. Like and dislike.
desire and aversion. attraction and repul-
sion, are common to man and brute. Like
and dislike are considered the sources OF
will. A connecting chain Of all conceivable
gradations goes from the like and dislike
OF the lowest forms Of life, the strivings for
light or darkness. heat or cold in low or
ganisms, even In protc plasm. to the likes
and disiikes OF man Will comes from like
and dislike, will causes all the phenomena
of voluntary movement, will is the uni
versal property of living things. from pro-
toplasm up. Protoplasm is seen TO move
towards water and away from danger. The
movements seen in simple cells are the out
come of inciinations. In plants and the
lowest animals the inclinetions seem TO be
the Joint outcome OF the inclinatfons OF all
the combined individual cells in a plant or
animal. In plants and low animals the will
is unconscious, In high animals and man
the will Is conscious. The will of man and
the will of animals is determined by the
organization of the individual and by the
condition of his environment; the character
of inclination was determined long ago by
heredity.
There is a chemical sensitive action Of
protoplasm allied TO smell or taste. Two
cells are attracted to each other, unite and
q third cell is formed by their union. but
this new cell is not an independent entity.
Il II the product OF the blending of two
parental factors. and has the inclinations