davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Kootenai herald. [volume] (Kootenai, Idaho) 1891-1904, 1901-02-15
Convenient rains

leave St. Paul and Minneapolis
daily via the Wisconsin Central
Railway for Manitowac, Milwaukee,
and Chicago, where direct connec
tions are made for the East and
South. Nearest ticket agent can
give you complate information.
JAS. q, FOND, G. p. \.
Milwaukee, Wis.
The Kootenai herald. [volume] (Kootenai, Idaho) 1891-1904, 1901-02-15
POKANE FALLS
- & NORTHERN
NELSON & FIT.
SHEPPARD
RED MOUNTAIN
RAILWAYS.

The only all-rail route between
all points east, west and south to
Rossland, Nelson and intermediate
points; connecting at Spokane with
the Great Northern, rthern Paci-
fic and O. h. & N. Co.
Connects at Nelson with steamer
for Kaslo and all Kootenay lake
points.
Connects at Meyers Falls with
stage daily for Republic, and con-
meets At Bossburg with stage daily
for Grand Forks and Greenwood.
Leave, DAY TRAIN. Arrive.
500 a. m. Spokane. 6:45 p. IN.
11:5O q. m .Rossland. $40 p. IN.
ZOO a. m. T.. Nelson. .7:15 p. m.
NIGHT TRAIN.
9:45 p. IN Spokane 700 a. m.
HOO p. m. Rossland. 700 a. m.
Fl. A. JACKSON, G. p. A.,
Spokane, Wash.
The Kootenai herald. [volume] (Kootenai, Idaho) 1891-1904, 1901-02-15
Alias Summons.

In the District Courr, First Judicial District of
the State OF Idaho, in and for the County of
kOOtenai.
The Kootenai herald. [volume] (Kootenai, Idaho) 1891-1904, 1901-02-15

See that your tickets to Cali
fornia points read via the o. r. &
n. Co. and avoid many hours ertra
travel
The Kootenai herald. [volume] (Kootenai, Idaho) 1891-1904, 1901-02-15

-Mackinaws. German sox and
ru5bers, full lie at the X. T. Co.'S.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1901-01-25
PEMBROKE POULTRY FARM.
BroOdinE House and Laying House
That Have Proved Successes.

There is an extensive poultry plant
at Pembroke, Genesee county, y. v.
that has been in successful operation
for some years, but of which nothing
has been written, probably because if
Is devoted to the production of eggs and
poultry for market only. The buildings
of this plant are three in number. The
principal one is the brooding house.
which is 10 feet long by 1G feet wide.
In front it is / feet to the caves. while
at the rear the roof rises to the height
or feet. The roof is of tin At one
end of this house pit 1G by II feet is
eNcavated to a depth Of four feet. In
this is placed the boiler which heats
the pipes of the broodcr system. as it is
necessary to have the top of the heater
on level with the pipes. Four ~
inch pipes run through the building
three feet from the rear wall. These
pipes are laid ut a height of one foot
from the floor and furnish heat for the
breeders. Six inches from the pipe
iiN''iNNt INV W dll lllc UICh Ol the BROOD
er is built At intervals of four feet
along this back boards are nailed
reaching to the front Of the brooder
house and dividing it into II pens, by
13 feet
To every dividing board at distances
Of six inches from the front pipes are
nailed timhpls reaching to the ceiling
10 these are hinged the covers to each
section Of The hroodcr. The covers are
one inch above the pipes. \ heavy
cloth with Sits to allow the passage of
chicks into the pen covers the front of
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1901-01-25

ture put on weight at maturity. If this
course We're followed. we would not
hear so much about diseases and non
success in raising turkeys They were
created for a special purpose and in
tended to be healthy, and when we I'M
dertake TO run against nature there is
war at once and we have to pay the
penalty.
Letters asking advice are coming in
as winter approaches. One correspond
ent living in Denver Matched bird
that had crooked toes on both feet. but
1t got along all right. | think perhaps
the crooked toes We're caused by in
breeding. although a cripple may be
Matched, more especially among chick
ems, without any apparent cause. The
turkeys of this correspondent grew
well until about one week ago, when
they commenced to be troubled with
weak legs. The cause was supposed to
be rheumatism. The turkeys squat
around all day and eat as we'll as ever.
but Will not walk, and even when
placed upon their feet they drop right
down again as soon us support is re-
moved. The climate is dry in Denver,
and these turkeys are cooped upon a
city lot They are fed table scraps,
corn meal, oats and wheat
Your turkeys, my friend, are losing
the use of their legs from want Of eS
erciSe and probably overlooking. Il:
You can find some farmer who will
take them on his farm and let them
have range. with only a little food, sim
ply what they can pick up, they may
get over it, but | would not care to
breed from them, as their vitality has
been impaired. Turkeys cannot be prof
itably raised except on a good range.
feed my turkeys only until they are e
weeks or months old. then they are
turned out to find their own living until
the ground freeZes.-Mrs. Charles Jones
in Poultry Keeper.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1901-01-25

The basis Of profits in poultry keep
inc does not consist Of an ability to fig
ure skillfully. 1t consists in the pos
session of Il determination to do the
best that can be done under the cir
cumstancos We have Il letter from 4
lady reader who tells us she has been
doing the work Of Il farmers wife, TAX
ing care of the babies and making
more than 5000 a year from her pnul-
try. We feel sure this is greater
profit than could be shown by more OK
tCnSiyc plants which are conducted
more for show than profit We know
a farmer who looks upon his flock Of
LCghorn hens as one of his most mon
cy making possessions because they
make him profit of dollar a head
every year.
These two locks are properly kept
because their owners take personal
interest i'm their welfare. and upon This
is success founded.
We write these words to encourage
those who, having Il love for poultry,
think they have not the means 10 make
a success Of poultry keeping. There is
no business where a little money can
be invested and make such large re-
turns as to invest it in few hens
They may be kept OIL small area, fed
at little cost, and the market is always
hungry for the products of the poultry
yard
No amount OF reading books and pa
pcrs will make a good poultryman un-
less one begins with Il love for poultry.
With that as beginning and & desire
to succeed one is in pretty bad circunl-
stances who cannot manage to extract
pleasure and profit from llcck Of poui-
try, however cramped he may be for
room.
Whoever has as much as quarter
of an acre of land at his disposal may,
if he will. keep enough poultry to make
it worth his while to take UP poultry
keeping provided he is interested in the
business. Poultry Journal
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1901-01-25
CAUSE AND EFFECT.
Eelch Cautions Breeders to Not Mis-
take the Former For the Latter.

r,,..,..,,.,. .,.,
+,,uo ,,.,,'a,, ,n...,,a, I'M
I'll. U.,.........'.,
H. -. g., .,.'...-...
aoi,,n 49,, -.,,,,;.,' 5.c.. -,
-
INNS '''''' It
'i'lc l''"' - "'"N III PI"'''"''Ne NI9oF
VIII surely intricate the same by dlmin-
utlYe embellishments known as male
characteristics. Thus a Light Brahma
cock, narrow I'm skull. with small ear
lobas and wottlas dimtnutivn ~. .thser,t
Is ravo, = .,,ro cc+tor rbo rro.r.ot;,.,,
,.,,.,.,.- IN, ,.,.,.,....
app ~ 60 10 ''S'' ''''N 'o'Ne III
surrey Ihuiea'e inns IacA oI NiSor' ! ne
female, on the other hand, may have
these features Of comb, ear lohcs and
wattles very small indeed. vet Law very
large eggs. The TIgbt Brahma hens
which in many instances Inv rors IA
,,.o;,-r ~ &C., H..
H.. I..,1 .....1.. n. -. n
''' '''''' .''''''''''''' '''' ''''',''
30 "llIe want ol lFocrea'l'e power III
the male SHOWS It's erect IN Inc eHemi-
nate appearance we cannot say that
small combs are the cause or will in
the hens denote that they will lay very
small eggs. for there are other things.
such AS excessive blocl,y shape. super
abundance Of plumage multiplfcjty Of
small ancestors ana doterioratrd Size.
all of which viii affect egg production.
making the eggs fail in size become
uneven in shane and far less in num-
Der.
Procreation is the work Of the male.
The hen furnishes the nourishment
for the germ during incubation. and
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1901-01-25
VENTlLATING PROBLEM.
Fresh Air In the Poultry House Dur
ing the Winter Season.


Ventilation Of the poultry house is a
matter which needs little or no atten-
ton in warm weather when the doors
and windows are left wide open day
and night, but with the advent Of cold
weather and the closing Of doors and
windows to keep out the cold ventila-
ton becomes a matter of considerable
Importance. The fowls must have pure
fresh air to breathe or they will be-
come victims of disease. If the poul-
try house is not properly aired, it will
be damp as well as full of foul air. In
cold weather the moisture exhaled
from the lungs of the fowls condcnseS
on the walls of the poultry house in
the form of frost. 4 thaw meltS this
frost. and it drips from the roof and
walls, making the house damp and I'M
wholesome. Where the houses are well
aired daily and are not overcrowded
the amount of frost on the walls or
dampnesS c'Sweating," as it is COM
monty called is not enough to do
harm. Where a house "swcats" enough
to be troublesome. even when well
aired daily, it is pretty certain that
there are too many fowls in the house.
| am opposed to the common and
"patent" ventilators because they do
not ventilatC. If the fowls were blessed
with the power to operate the vcntila-
tors themselves and had sense enough
to do so, then patent ventilators might
give good results. As it is the poultry
man has to set the vcntilators accord
ing to his judgment. and if sudden
weather changes come during his ab-
sence the fowls have to take the consp-
qucnccs.
Nearly all ventilatorS create drafts.
and drafts in the poultry house mean
colds and roup sure. The difficulty of
managing ventlators can be readily
understood if you will stop to consider
shat n small. thin current of air from a
small opening is draft and is danger
Gus. does not purify the air any
moro than small thin stream Of clear
water flowing into Il muddy pond puri-
fies the pond. 1t simply makes Il little
current of purity and then is lost in the
foulncSs. This little thin current is
what causes mischief ON the other
hand. Il large volume Of pure air does
purify and is not dangerous to health.
Again, 4 vcntilator which on Il warm,
still day admits little or 10 appreciate
amount of air becomes the source Of Il
strong cold draft the moment the
weather changes to cold ana windy
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1901-01-25
WORKING FOR EGGS.
A Succession of Pullets Is the Way
TO Get Winter Eggs.

1t would be better if poultry keepers
would interest themselves in the sclcc-
ton of layers, as it is really of more
Importance than exhibition points, be
cause the majority of people keep
fowls simply for the eggs or as Il hob
by, and if care be taken to select only
the best layers and set them the profits
would increase wonderfully. AS Il rule,
extraordinary laying hens. particularly
in their second year, will lay right up
to the end of autumn or beginning
of winter and then mott. Such hens
require little extra care ut this time
and usually come on to lay again in
February. After they have been rest
ing the germs are stronger. and gen
orally the first few dozen eggs laid will
be fertile.
A good layer can, with very little
practice, be detected by the formation
of her head and eye, and if a person
will watch the habits of the hens
known to be good layers he will soon
be able to pick out the others without
watching them.
The first one or two filters of eggs
laid by pullets are not so serviceable.
so sure or profitable for Matching as is
their later product, because they were
first formed at a time when the pullet
was growing and the organs not fully
developed.
Selections should be annually made
for the purpose of keeping up the
youth and strength of the race and to
supply the places of such fowls as have
become too old or from other causes
Improbable to breed from.
There can be no question that the
best way in which to obtain n supply
OF winter eggs, no matter what the
breed kept may be, is to have sue
cession of pullets, for, as our readers
will find, there is a great difference in
seasons. This matter of succession
of pullets is of supreme importance
for those who require regular supply
of eggs all the year round-and who
does not? Surprising the first batch
come out early in February, they
should, if of the lighter breeds, COM
mence laying about August or Septem-
Der, when the older ones are going
into mott, and thus render special serv-
ice. Then with more pullets Matched,
say every second week until the end of
April, it may be looked for that these
will begin operations correspondingly
until Christmas. The very early pull
lets are not enough, for, as a rule they
will lay until we have snap of cold
weather when their places should be
taken by the later Matched birds.-Mor-
gan Bates in American Poultry Jour
nal
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1901-01-25
One Thing Mt a Time.

One trouble with too many poultry
keepers is that they are trying to study
too many phases of the subject of
poultry keeping at the same time. The
result is that they make very slow
progress in them all. They do not CON
centrate their thought and effort on
any one subject long enough and ear
nestly enough to enable them to master
1t. They spread themselves out too
thin, attempt too many things and
accomplish nothing worth while.
The novice, the person who cannot
rightly be said to have a satisfactory
working knowledge of the elementary
things in poultry culture, whether he
Is a beginner or only persistent fail
ure, will find it worth trial at least
to ignore for the time other questions
and make an effort to attain a mastery
of some one matter in poultry keeping.
Farm Poultry.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1901-01-25
rEooDlNa HOUSE AZ rEMrHnhE.

each broodcr. \ false bottom is in
each compartment, and 10y adjusting
this at different distances from the
steam pipes the heat is easily rcgulat-
ed. Fences three feet high made of
wire screen of one inch mesh separate
the pens The space above the brooder
is closed with Il gate of wire netting to
enable the attendant to enter the pen
with ease
In the front of the house there are n
windows by feet one for each pen
For each section there is small yard
in which ON pleasant DAYS the chicks
are allowed to run Cut straw or hay
is scattered on the floors of the pens
and in the broodcrs. SaWduSt was
tried, but the chicks ate it. with disas-
trous results. In each section is Il
feeding rack in which is also water
ing basin This device not only saves
food but keeps the chicks from over
turning the water basin or being
drowned in it. Attached to this house
is a wing II by 40 feet divided into kill
ing and feed rooms ANA house occu-
pied 10y the overflow from the broodcrs
in summer and by laying stock during
the remainder of the year. In the kill
ing room is two barrel kettle for hot
water with which to Scald the birds. as
the Buffalo market demands.
The cost of material for the brooder
house and wing was $50. The style of
construction. with low front and roof,
not only materially reduces the cost,
but makes the house much warmer.
The cost of the hot water pipes. boiler.
etc, installed ready for operation was
so, while the expense for wire and
lumber in the pens brought the whole
cost up to S175. After using the house
for several years the owner. Mr.. L. ii.
Hall, saws that he can think OF no i'm
provemcnt which might be made upon
it and saws that when he builds anoth-
err house for laying stock he will con
struct it on the same lines as the brood
err house. except that he will have the
roof one foot higher both in front and
rea:.
The house for LAYING stock is 100 by
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1901-01-25
FOR ONE VARIETY OF FOWLS.

in the center, making two rooms by
10 feet, and it is large enough to ac-
commodate 10 or II fowls. Onc-hal Of
the building is to be used for scratch
ing pens and the other half for a roost-
ing room, nest boxes. feeding bins and
coops to be used in preparing for the
shows. There is three foot raised
hallway in front of this room. At the
back of this hallway the coops Il l. are
shown. Then come the feeding bins
"A A A." The nest boxes "B + Il" are
placed below the floor of the hallway
ana rest on the ground. The bottom of
the nests is made in the shape of draw
ers three inches deep and can be drawn
out to gather the eggs by opening the
door "D' in the hallway. The rest of
the design is made plain in the draw
ings; hence need not be explained. The
ground plan is shown below the build
ing.-J. r. French in Poultry Keeper.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1901-01-25

In order for hen of a certain weight
to produce an egg of certain size or
weight she must have just enough
wholesome food Her system must not
be oyertaXed by too much or starved
by too little. In fact everything must
be conducive to the comfort of the hen
if continuous yield of eggs is expect
ed. The quarters must bc dry, warm
and clean; the hen must not be allowed
to remain in idlenesS for this will sure
ly lead to bad habits Besides. il is
contrary to nature for hen 70 have
nothing to do and nothing tends to
produce good health and to keep hen
in laying condition like exercise 1t
brightens her up, makes her thrifty
and vigorous, and in severe cold wealth
or lively exercise helps to keep her
warm. The egg contains a variety of
substance, and so the food of the hen
must be varied accordingly grain of
different kinds, bone and meat vegcta-
bles, lime and one other article which
should never be overlooked, ana that is
grit If YOU wish hens to do their best
in producing eggs all winter, see that
the flocks are not too large or too many
crowded in the house. Fifty good hens
well cared for will give better satisfac-
ton and greater returns than 100 half
kept. As a general thing. il is not the
large flock that is making the clear
profit for the poultry raiser, but the
small lots that are well kept-v. NJ.
Couch.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1901-01-25

In the harvest season the jolly farm
er perspires and smiles, and then for
a change he smiles and perspires, but
when it occurs to him that this happy
season comes only once year his
countenance lengthens. Some day he
will acknowledge that his wife knows
a thing or two" when she shows him
the balance of accounts between the
grain bin and the hen, and he will say
with her, "Why, every days har-
vestw-Poultry Keeper.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1901-01-25

Put your hens in training for egg
production. BY overlooking them you
are adding to weight at the expense
of utility. Competitors must have
strengthening food and enough of it,.
whether the contest is for egg produc.
ton or a test of speed. The winning
horse Is trained to the minute and fed
to the top notch, but not oyerfstl.
Should it not be so with the hen the
egg producer?
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1901-01-25
Keen Tn with the Process;o,

In the chicken business, as in every
other the knowledge of yesterday is
not sufficient for today. says Poultry
Success. With the new day come
new ideas, new experiments, new les
sons. We are constantly learning some
thing, and the man who reaches a
point where he is so sure he knows it
all that he ceases making any attempt
to learn becomes a back number in
lust about "a hours.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1901-01-25
COST. NtNr EAcIl.

swing out instead of in Be careful
that there is plenty of play for these
lids, SO that they will neither bind
against the top when the hen enters
nor against the sides when she has
squatted. Make the curved openings
not more than two inches deep in the
middle.-Poultry Monthly.
This nest is practically the same as
the Eureka nest, invented some years
ago by Mr.. \. j. Silbcrstein.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1901-01-25
RAISING TURKEYS.
Range Is the Important COnsidern-
ton Is You Want Good Birds.

Turkeys raised on a large range are
best to use as breeders, as they develop
on natures plan-bonc, muscle and
frame-and that is what we want in
stead of heavy weights and small
frames. Some people think weight is
the criterion of excellence in turkeys.
l wish l could take them out with me
in my morning rambles and show them
the points of excellence my birds are
developing by rowing around and pick
ing up the food that nature contributes
so lavishly for their benefit. The large,
long legs and well proportioned bodies,
with the morning sun glancing from
their brilliant plumage, make sight
worth seeing. Exercise and the right
kind of diet 90 long way toward max
ing perfect turkey.
The bronze turkey does not develop
until 4 years old, and it stands to rea-
son that a bird which develops slowly
and healthily will make a better breed
err and produce healthier and larger
stock than those which are pushed to
maturity and which attain great
weights simply by overlooking and
lack of exercise. First secure good
health and large frame, then let ma,
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1901-01-25

Grit is absolutely necessary.
should not only be kept, together with
cracked oyster shells, in boxes constant.
ly by them, but mixed also in their
food. They must have something dur
ing confinement in bad weather to en-.
able them to assimlate their food.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1901-01-25

These nests will not cost more than
l cent each, as any grocer will give
away the old cgg crates. Make hinges
Of pieces cut from old shoes. The exit
should lie exactly like the front shown
herewith except that the trap should
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1901-01-25
cURRI7O a.
TO the Farmer!
lex Cod
a Rare Chance to Impro'
BREED ONLY TO RI
Strive to Get Size, StN
GOOD HORSES ALWAYS !
A Rare Chance to Impro\
BREED ONLY TO TA
Strive to Get Size, StN
GOOD HORSES ALWAYS /
TO SUIT TE

. For some years past owing the genera e.
OF holses, many farmers gave up breeding, 81
cult to find yearing colts. Good horses duril ave
always brought good prices. The trouble in thai
farmers pred to inferior horses being price
in order improve their stock this ny " 70 the
country with scrubs, which feed
ana after reaching three four account
HOW many hne carriage teams be found to-day
now many fine stylish horses sixteen hands high wehng from
eleven to twelve hundred pounds with speed ca Oun
demand and bring from to three hundred is
great demand for carriage the be Oh
good SIZE style and action TO these pus hre
SIZE style and action DO with cheap
nave by breed better than already possess want M
farmers to examine the of URIITO beautiful horse snenid
size and royalty bred lie has ourthheat in his rac
OF 2l3 His colts from small size good homo
very Stylish ana have lots of speed This grand
number OF colts, all of whom speak for themselves.
10 give the farmers chance who have
" $50 the
return privilege given but R.
RIIO has proven a tOa getter.
GASPARD, by Sea King, and producing mare i
gandsue having number of the the Cuutt Ma
size, style and action. '' Ing
Mr.. Cha Hargett President of the Frederick County A
Arthur Potts, Mr. John Weller on nv farm show M
khd OF colts you expect from this handsome
sixteen hands high weighs poundsu M
horse to get carriage and coach horses. VI
GASPARD will stand the for $15 these prices
low III hopes being able colts from fine M
mares only solicit fine goodsze mares, want no other %
here IS chance for the farmers breed the best
colt from either enc of these horses will
be proud OF for days Get and uu
costs as much to raise it good one
MICHAEL KNILI.
Manager for COL. L. VICTOR BAUGHMAN e.
Near Frederick City, Md q