davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1901-06-19
WILL ASK FOR MORE PAY.
Teachers of the City Schools Will
Petition the Board at Its
Next Meeting.

The school teachers of the city want
to be paid during the summer vacation
and they are going to put forth every
effort to have the board of control
agree to the proposition.
Thirty eight delegates representing
the teachers in the thrty-eight schools
OF the city assembled yesterday after
noon in the common council chamber
in the municipal building and dis
cussed the matter at length. 1t was
finally unanimously decided TO have IL
special committee appointed to draw
up at once a suitable petition for pres
entatiOn to the teachers committee OF
the board of control. requesting the
granting of the TWO months extra sal
AIRY.
This committee will meet today for
the purpose of preparing the petition.
which is To be signed by every teacher
in the city and presented to the COM
mittee in time to have some action
taken before the regular meeting of
the board next Monday night.
The movement. which eliminated in
yesterdays meeting, has been going on
quietly for several months. and the
teachers maintain that several of the
members of the board are in favor Of
granting the request
In case the board should decide to
pay the teachers for the two months
summer vacation it would mean an
extra expenditure every year of $4,000,
the payroll at the present time aver
aging about 100000. and an increase FOR
each teacher of sixteen and tWo-t thirds
per cent.
AS the tax levy for the fiscal year.
beginning the first of next month, has
already been made and as the APP
preparations have been decided upon,
the increase could not be granted this
year by the board without creating
deficiency. The teachers realize this.
but say create the deficiency.'
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1901-06-19
Has a Right to Sue.

In an opinion rendered yesterday b.
President Judge Edwards The conteu-
lion OF /, IL, Burns, attorney for The
defendant in the snit of Il, WilIls
R4es against the Larlawanna El"culc
Light company, that the rla!ntif =
no standing as plaintiff, either as bur
goss or taxpayer, Is declared to be
ungrounded, and the defendants de-
murrer is oveuuled. The judge says:
The defendant contends HAT the plaintG has
no right, either as burgess or taxpayer 10 hlC the
bill in this case Ills contention may be correct
on the second point; bot A. ~ h,, uec."c.
oycrrulc the demurrer. il i not necessary to n
luss this particular question now We br'i
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1901-06-19
PROF. LUND IN THE CITY.
Attended a Rehearsal of Members of
IiederkranZ

Prof Lund, Of Buffalo. y. Y. the
leader of the North American Saenger-
hunde, was in the city Yesterday and
last night attended rehearsal of the
members of the Scranton l.iederkranz.
who will sing at the contests in Buf-
falo next week. He expressed great
satisfaction with the work of the
singers.
The chorus Of the lied"rkranz is
composed of fifty voices and they will
be accompanied next Monday by over
ON" hundred other members OF the Lie
ctclkranH They will stop at the Hotel
Gibbs while in Buffalo. \ large num-
Der of persons, not members OF the
Liedorkranz have sisniiied their mten-
tion of going ON this excursion. \ very
low rate of fare has been secured
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1901-06-19
Tomlinson Gets a Divorce.

\ divorce was yesterday granted by
Judge Kelly to n. S. Tomlinson, Of
Lee court. His objection to his wife,
Mary j. Tomlinson, was that upon
his return from his night work. on
two different occasions, he found the
bOarder. Johnnie Leoni usurpinG cer-
tain of his supposed exclusive rights
He alleges. now. that his wife and
the boarder are living together in
Dix court. only u block away.
The TomlnsonS We're married March
H. 1889. The separation took place
Fab. ~ 1901.
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1901-06-19
Summer Time Table.

beginning sunday June 23rl. the
New York, Ontario ana Western sum
mcr timetable will become effective.
Trains Will leave scranton at 1890 Il.
nl 400 y IN. and 5.l0 p. m, and re-
turning. arrive in Scranton at 1.40 a..
m. 1910 a. m. and 4.45 p. m.
Smdays-l.eaVe scranton at $50 "a.
m. and 100 y, m; arriving in SCran-
ION al 40 "A. IN. and o. A. p. M.
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1901-06-19
POLICE NOT INVESTIGATING.

Superintendent of Police Robling
takes absolutely no stock IN the the
oly that James I.ally, whose body was
found on sunday night on the I.acka-
wanna tracks near the Linden street
bridge, was the victim OF foul play,
and as consequence the police are
doing nothing i'm the way of investl-
eating the facts.
The young mans friends. however,
stlll insist that he was murdered.
Try the new &c cigar "Kleon." :.
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1901-06-19

SETH JONES ARRESTED. --S'th IOrrs. the
Spruce street hotel krcpct was arrested yesterday
at The instance OF Frank Bohi.h, Of Old Forge,
who claimed that he picked up goat belonging
to him q few days ago and drove away with il
10 carriage. Jones said that hr took the goat
Tor joke and settled the ease before 1t came mp
for hear Iinw
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1901-06-19

THROUGH TRAINS. .--Gonctal Passenger Aecnt
Burt. Of tho Central Railroad OF New I'iscy, !s
making an effort to have several last trains put
on the road 10 run through from scranton TO
Philadelphia without change OF cars \, the pres.
ent time connections a,c made az Bethlehem
Junction with the Philadelphia aud Relding
r5itOpu.
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1901-06-19

OFFICERS ELECTED At meeting Of the
Twentieth Century Literary club held last night
in Guernsey hall the following officers were elect
ed for the ensuing six months: President. Wal.
lace VI. Mackoy; vice president. WilIism d. Shaw:
secretary. Edward McCrackon; rrasnrcr, David
j. Grifiiths. Refreshments wcin ,ctScd after the
mrNilng.
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1901-06-19

that as burgess " the borough and its chief of.
iicer, he has the right to institute the present
suit. especially when we consider the relations
OF the borough council 10 the matter alleged in
the hill Tile Demurrer is ovcr.rnlrd and the de.
fciianl is directed TO answer within fifteen DAYS
iom This date. by the cont.
A. NJ E,IWsyls - 4
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1901-06-19
WEDNESDAY. IllNE n.

Mild Cats, Ea>l-l230 a. m, j. H. Masters;
) q. NJ, T., NJ liallett; 10 a, M, A. NJ LaItt-
Hcr, with II. DOhe,ty's crew; II a. NJ, j, Burk-
hht; p. M, n. Fitzpatrick; ) y. m, ". H.
m., II. BriSbing
submits. etc. i. m, east, j. iIennisar; S
o. M, west, &. Frnunl, lker; y. IN, east, j,
Arligg; p. M, east, ". H. Nichols; : y m.
set uom Nu Aug. T., Nl,\lli>rcr; 4 p "a,
'' NHi-u.. , r w, wr.' from
Cayuga, THOMPSON
Pushcrs-S a. M, q. iiouser; 10 a. m. ;. Fin.
merry, lI,3c .. m, Moran; p NJ, Murphy. Q
p M, Lamping; 10 p. NJ, A, WIienu.
Passenger Engine =. M, Gahncyi a. m,
Singer; 10 u m, ;. H. Srcor; $50 y. u, stan.
ton; p. m, McGoNeIn
Wild Cats, West-5 a. NJ, ketohan; $ a. M,
+. l.. Rogers; 10 a. m, .. Randolph, ii a, NJ,
NJ. CmmOdy; y. M, j, Ginley; p. IN, A, +,
Mullen; . D. M, VI. Gmlcy with o, ". Ftlger.
AIDS crcw; p. m, John Baxter
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1901-06-19

Will NITEND PAR iDE spcci, meet.
ing OF the Hook md Ladder company held last
right in Dult> hail II was dccticd to take part
III the iircmtn's parade Friday night. The mem.
bnts o' the company will meet at o'clock in
m.iiOrm
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1901-06-19

N)IICt,.

Brakeman George Wcrtz will 30 out with la
Barr, 6 p. m, June Is, until further notice.
Brakeman A. Ehrsood will call at uanmgStcl's
office.
hcuy.
Brakeman James Koamcy reports Tor William
khby,
,,. +p,,s .pps, Tor r. b wli,sa
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1901-06-19

GERMAN 'oMEDh.-ihr company of German
a,tols who Mr giving .cn"au dramas and come.
dos at Music iilll presented Die GRILLE i
comedy a,t night b"ror good sized audience.
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1901-06-19
FUNDS AGAIN
AT Low EBB
ONLY SIS IN TREASURY OF AS.
soCIATED CHARITIES.

This Fact Revealed At Last Nights
Meeting-A Very Few Gentlemen
Seem to Be Keeping the Associa-
tion Alive A Resume of the Good
Work Accomplished by the Organ
ization Contained in Mrs. Dug
gan's Report-Example of Benefits
of Organized Charity,
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1901-06-19

Hickory street, who wa, buried alive in sewer
trench Mondlr, bat WHO WAS rescued hy his
fellow wo'km"n, wa mach improved Yesterday
and pr. u'Mary, his physician, says he will re.
cover,
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1901-06-19
SUITS FOR Big
MAD OF STOCK
PROMINENT sCRANTONIANS
PARTIES TO LITIGATION.

Simpson & Watkins, T. E. Jones and
William Connell, the Plaintiffs,
and G. p. Davidson, J. W. oakford.
DR.. d. B Hand. F. L. Peck. G. d.
Jones and Others the Defendants.
Possession Of $4,000 Worth of
Lumber Company Stock at 1ssue.
Day in Argument Court.
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1901-06-19

p>rRIBrri HI.orrER>. Mrgargcc Broth.
o>. the paper dealers, OF Washington ,NrnIc. arc
making one ct their periodical distribution, OF
u>clu bottcrs.
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1901-06-19

loaned by Mrs. +. +. Kipp, Mrs. r..
Nearney, and others.
Mr. w. w. Adair, of the Young Mems
Christian association, preached in the
church Sunday evening.
Mrs. Byron Buckingham visited her
sister. Mrs. w. b. Perego. at ScraI
ton, on Thursday and Friday of last
week.
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1901-06-19
p.L. IL w. BOARD FOR TODAY

The following is the makeup of the
D., l.. & w. board for today:
scranton, June ~, 1901.
TUESDAY, JUNE l..
" NrId cats. EaSt-s p, m, ". J. MoSer; 10 p,
~, William lio4r, with " 4. Bartholomew )
crew.
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1901-06-19

Smoke the Pocono &c cigar. -
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1901-06-19
What We Advertise We Sell
What We Sell AdvertiSeS Us

ROOkWOOd-Have new color
effects that are not equaled by
any other makers OF art wares
in the World-Sea Green, iris,
rlahogany. 1t is in greater
demand this year than ever. and
why not ? AS an art ware it
stands alone, having taken the
grand prize at the Paris Exposi-
ton. You should see it. Every
piece a work of art.
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1901-06-19

With an eyesight to your most critical taste we
have made selection that eXces all our past Efforts
the ware, the decorations, the color combinations.
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1901-03-21
DtATH Of HARRISON
The Ex.President Passed Away
Yesterday Afternoon.
UNCONSCIOUS TO THE LAST MOMENT
End Came PainlessIy While the General Was
Surrounded by Members Of His Family.
Except His Son and Daughter.

Indianapolis. March 14.-General
Benjamin Harrison died at 4:45
o'clock yesterday afternoon without
regaining consciousness. His death
was quiet and painless, there being
a general sinking until the end came,
which was marked by single gasp
for breath as life departed from the
body of the statesman. The relatives.
with a few exceptions, and several
of the ex-president's old and tried
friends were at the bedside when he
passed away.
None of General Harrison's chill
dren were present at his death.
Neither Russell Harrison nor Mrs.
Mckee had reacheu the city, although
both were hurrying on their way to
the bedside of their dying father as
fast as steam would bear them. Eliz-
abeth, the little daughter, had been
taken from the sick room by her
nurse before the end came.
General Harrison's Career.
Benjamin Harrison, 23d president
of the United States, was born at
North Bend, O., August 20, 1888. His
father, John Scott Harrison, was third
son of General William Henry Harri-
son, ninth president of the United
States, who was the third and young
est son of Benjamin Harrison, one of
the sgners of the Declaration of In
dependence. from Virginia. He was
married October 20, 1853, to Caroline
Scott, daughter of DR.. John w. Scott,
who was then president of Oxford
female seminary.
After studying law under Storer &
Gwynne in Cincinnati he was admitted
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1901-03-21

When and How to Plant Apples.
Realizing that the apple orchard Is a
more or less permanent Investment we
must take cautious steps In laying Its
foundation, says Ohio Farmer. First.
we want suitable land on the hills. with
any exposure except to the east Land
free from stumps and stones and not
too steep Is best. New land is not best
as there will be too many stumps and
roots and the borers that work on forest
trees are liable to work on the apple
trees. Some hoed crop should be grown
on the land the year before planting so
that it will be In fine mellow condition.
l like to have the rows as straight as
line ii it can be done, but II not, follow
the curves Of the hill. Dig holes large
enough to plant the trees without
cramping the roots. Where the land Is
level or nearly so, some take the turn
ing pillow and pillow out three or four fur
rows, set the trees in line. pull dirt over
roots and fill up furrow with plow.
Plant two or three-year-old trees. l like
a good. thrifty. medium-sized two-year..
old tree, branched two and one-half or
three feet from the ground. All bruised
or broken roots should be pruned or
and the top cut back about one-half.
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1901-03-21
A REAR.END COLLISION.
Freight and Stock Trains Crashed
With Fatal Results.

CHICAGO, March 1.-two men
were killed and eight others injured
in a rear-end collision early today be-
tween a time freight and stock train,
on the Chicago & Northwestern rail-
road, at Arlington Heights, a suburb
of this city.
The caboose of the stock train con-
tanned IA stockmen, and most of them
were asleep when the train stopped at
Arlington Heights to take on two cars
of stock. Suddenly the time freight
from St. Paul crashed into the stock
train caboOse and plowed through
into the next car ahead. Instantly
the wreck took fire. The crash
aroused the village, and the volun-
teer fire department responded to the
rescue and extinguished the flames
and assisted in taking out the dead
and injured. The caDoose and three
cars were burned, and number of
head of stock killed. The doors to
the other cars containing stock were
in the meantime opened and the
frightened animals allowed to run at
large. A relief was started from Chi.
reported. tho rock was
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1901-03-21
THE LATE BENJAMIN HARRlsoN.A

to the bar in 1854 and began the
practice of his profession at Indian.
apOlis, which had since been his
home. Soon afterward he was ap-
pointed crier of the federal count at
$3.50 per day. This was the first
money he ever earned.
In 1860 Mr.. Harrison was chosen
reporter of the supreme court of Hi
nois on the republican ticket by a
majority of 1858. When the civil
war began he assisted in raising the
Seventeen Indiana regiment of vO un.
teers, and became it's second lieuten-
ant-although Governor Morton ten
,dered him it's command. At the close
of the war he went to Washine ton,
ID. c., to take part in the Grand Army
review. at which he was duly mus
tered out, June s, 1865; not, however,
until he had received commission
as brevet brigadier general, signed
by Abraham Lincoln and counter
signed by r. M. Stanton, secretary
of war, dated March %, 1865, stating
that it was given for ability and man
ifest energy and gallantry in com
mand of the brigade"
In 1868 and 1872 he took part In
the presidential campaign in support
of General Grant, travelling over In
diana and speaking to large aud
fences. In 1916 he at first declined
a nomination for governor on the
republican ticket, cOnsenting to run
only after the regular nominee had
withdrawn. He received almost 1900
more votes than his associates on the
ticket but was nevertheless beaten
In 1880. as chairman of the Indiana
delegation in the republican natiOna
convention, he cast nearly the entire
vote of the state Tor James A. Garfield
for president. President Garfield OF
fered him a place in his cabinet. but
he declined 1t, preferring the Unitet
States senatorship from Indiana, tt
which he had just been chosen. ant
which he held from 1881 to 1887. He
was delegate-at-large to the republican
national convention in 1884; June 10
1888, at Chicago. ILL.,. and on the eigh
and final ballot he had received 81
votes to 118 for John Sherman. 1Ol
for Russell A. Alger. So for w. {
Gresham, S for ]. G. Blaine and TO
William Mckinley. as the candidate o
that party for president. The nomina
ton was made unanimous. and In No
vember he was elected, receiving ~
votes in the electoral college to 16'
for Grover Cleveland. He was dull.
inaugurated March 4. 1889.
Since General Harrison's retiremen
from the presidency he had devoted
himself almost entirely to his Law
practice. his only public service bein'
his appearance In 1898 as counsel TO
Venezuela in the South American re
public's dispute with England over he
boundary line. Last year he was ar
pointed by President Mckinley one
the American members of the inter
national arbitration tribunal.
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1901-03-21
IN INTERESTS OF BOTH.
Plat Says His Amendment 10 Not .
One.Sided Affair.

WASHINGTON, March Ex-senator
Plat, of Connecticut. author OF the
much discussed Platt amendment relat'
ing to Cuba, had brief talk with the
president today regarding Cuba. and
later saw Secretary Root. Mr. Plat,
when asked concerning the published
criticism from Havana concerning the
amendment bearing his name, declined
to enter into any discussion as to a
particular criticism made by certain
distinguished Cuban leader, but on the
general subject said:
THE Cubans will see In the end that
the amendments are as much In their
interests as they are in the interests
of the United States. There may be
at the start a little offended dignity
growing out of misrepresentation OF pur.
poses and aims. but l have no doubt
that the Cubans will ultimately see the
sincerity of purpose which has actual
ed us in framing the amendment, alike
in their interest ana In the interest
Of this country"
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1901-03-21
IN SOUTHERN lUZON,
Provincial Government Established In
Tayabas.


LUCENA, TayaDas province, South.
ern LuzOn, March 14.-The United
States army transport, with the Amer.
lean Philippine commission and their
party on board, arrived of Lucena
last evening This morning the com.
missiOners' party, consisting Of SO per-
sons. crossed the shallow bar in the
ships boats and were driven one mile
to this town. rhe commission then
proceeded with the first organization
OF provincial government in South.
ern LuzOn.
The Province of Tayabas has long
been noted for the pacific conditions
existing there, in contrast to the
neighbOring provinces. which still pur-
sue a rebelliOus course. Colonel Gard
ner. late of the Thirtieth volunteer in
fantry. was today appointed civil gov
ernOr of this province. Colonel Gard
ner favors the maintenance of friend
ly relations with the natives, and Is
opposed to pillage. seizures, destruc.
ton OF property and imprisOnments,
except under necessity. Colonel
Gardner, when in command of the
Thirtieth infantry. was in control of
this district and as result of his
policy, a population of active insur-
gents has been transformed into
friendly natives. whose patriotism to
the United States was considered to
be more firmly established than that
Of the natives Of any other province
in LuzOn.
The first organization of the federal
party outside of Manila was effected
In Tayabas province, and all the ma
tives joined. The arrival of the COM
mission with Colonel Gardner, whose
regiment was recently given a pub
lie farewell here, returning as civil
governor, was enthusiastically cele
brated.
The people of Sorosgan, seaport
on the extreme southern end of Lu
zon, have petitioned for a provincial
government. The commission will
stop there later.
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1901-03-21
TO CONTROL FISH INDUSTRY.
Gigantic Gamers Trust Being Formed
to Operate in Alaska.

SEATTLE, March 14.-From Ju-
neau comes the report that there Is
a gigantic trust being formed with
many millions of capital, which will
absolutely control every fish cannery
and the fish industry of the entire
Alaska territory.
The report is to the effect that Mr.
Onfiroy, once president of the Pacific
American Fisheries Company. cor
poration which practically controls
the fish industry of the Northwest
coast, is now in New York City maxi
ing final arrangements for the incor.
poration of the company, which Will
hold in its grasp the immense fish
industry of Alaska. The fish indus
try ranks next to mining In Alaska,
Seven canneries were in operation
last year. The output was 11,029,96S
pounds, the market value of which
was $11 100000. In addition to the
above, which was canned. 10000 bar.
rels were sailed, tn emarket value OF
which was $4,000.
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1901-03-21
NEW COMPANY FORMED,
Ultimate Object 10 to Operate Boats
and Cars From Spokane to Portland.

Ultimate Object 10 to Operate Boats
and Cars From Spokane to Portland.
NORTH YAKIMA, Wash, March 10.
The Upper River Transportation
Company has been Incorporated for
the purpose of controlling line of
steamers on the Columbia river. The
boats will make regular daily trips
from Priest Rapids to The Dalles and
carry the great wheat crop of Eastern
Washington to market. The incOr-
pOratOrs of the company are j. NJ.
Russell, George c. Blakely and T. A.
Hudson. In addition to operating on
the Columbia. they will run line of
steamers to Lewiston, Idaho, on the
Snake.
In connection with the navigation
Of the rivers a plan Is under consid-
Grafton to construct an electric rail-
way through the counties Of Douglas
and Lincoln, in Eastern Washington,
and connect with Spokane. The road
will reach all of the wheat centers
and be used for hauling wheat to
Priest Rapids. There it will be loaded
on steel barges and hauled down the
river to The Dalles. A portage rail-
way will be used to haul the barges
around the falls and into the Column
bia below, when the boats will be
towed to Portland and the Pacific
coast points for shipment to the Orr
entail markets.
The steamer Billings, which has
been lying on a rocky bar 20 feet
above water a few miles below Pasco,
is now being overhauled preparatory
to launching for the upper river traf.
fic. A line of steamers will be run
from the upper Columbia to Priest
Rapids and open up the trade from
the great mining districts in the Re-
public and surrounding country.
Aberdeen herald. [volume] (Aberdeen, Chehalis County, W.T.) 1886-1917, 1901-03-21
Holding Back Peach Buds.

The old theory Of mulching in winter
with snow and ice to delay blooming in
spring has been thoroughly exploded.
says Farm and Field. Inside of lumber
camps built in winter Of certain kinds
Of logs sprouts Of considerable length
are stimulated into growth by the
warmth Of the camp fire. while the out
er sides Of the logs are still frozen.
Florists force lilacs into growth in win
ter by drawing branches Of dormant
lilacs into forcing houses through the
wall. All parts of the twigs that re-
ceive warmth begin growth, while the
rest Of the plant Is frozen. Twigs Of
early Towering plants like the peach
may be forced into bloom in winter by
cutting them and putting them in u
vase Of water in a warm. sunny room.
These facts corroborated by other in
vestigations indicate that the starting
Of dormant buds into growth Is due to
the warmth they receive and Is prac-
tically independent Of root action. The
twigs contain sufficient stored-up food
material to promote considerable
growth before the roots and developing
leaves are called into use.