The sun., 1901-10-06


u'c- Io Ezra the scribe the u-" 81 the
Arawsic script for the Scriptures
! Under the heads 10 Academies la Bsh-
! Nluna aud Palestine IL described the eVo-
! luton ~ the Talmud For the four cen
tIfi"- covering the period from Ezra ="
| Hillel there are scarcely any data CON
| ccrning the jews Who remained I'm Bab-
: ylonia aud the history - the succeeding
two centuries from Hill,l 20 Judah l fur
/ ni-he~ only few items regarding The state
. ~ learning among them The principal
! -"at 81 BabVlonisu Judaism WIS Nchat-
! iaa where ihef" existed synagogue
! believ,d 10 have bs-en b,hlt hy Ming Jeho-
/ inchin The wear ?Is 4 Il. marks Hn "pUch
, IA Babvonian Judaism. namely. M" iuliia-
! ZION of the dominant rdl" which m" Bal
/ viouian academy va tu PLAY Tor several
centuries Ia thai year Abba Arika. attcr-
ward called simply Rsh. Oh" uf th" mu-'
I Distinguished pUfa- - Judah !. returned
. from Palestine tp Li- Bahvl"n,au hoin'
and leaving thr -rhuuI ai \chafd"H 'u ~
iu.id samuel fHuui~d new academy
in Sura Thc ,urNi-teuCc Tor many dec
ai.- of thc-" two colleges ~ equal 'auk
,,ig.nu,cI 80" phenomenon of OBJ" duaI
l.adrr.lup pf the Bapvlnuiin acHi-iui"s
which. with spur hight Interruptions,
hs,ame = permanent INSTITUTION and a
wrigh'v factor u the development ~
Rahvluuiar Judni.u When Odcna'hus
d.~i rov.-l \"hardra ~ \ u 80 lWrlv"
wear. after RahS d"arI. aul fv" NcJrs
aftar tha. ~ Samuc--ii- u.H"" wa taken
by q urighhnring town. pWub"'ii'J. vb"r"
q IL }. lNa..
and Samuel. founded a new ~"hool PUN
leSiila hccamc the other fucus ~ she ,n-
,.n~rtual life 81 Babylonian Isra-l and
long rrtain.d that position The Bab-
vlonian Talmrd however mus' he regarded
a. principally the work of ih" academy
81 Sura. h,saus" Aslh. who died 4 u t?7.
submitted to each - tho semi annual gen
cral a-.emhlie, of that school. treatise bv
treatise. the results of h,s examination" and
selections. aud invit cd discussion upon them
ri, work Wa continued and perf~rt"'..
and probably reduced ,o writing. by suc-
,,,,,ug hcads nf 'ho Sura academy, who
rrc-erycI th. fruits ~ his !abprs In ~"
,imas oT persecution Which. shortly after
his death. were III" lot uf th" jews ~ Bsh-
ylnnia The vcar 80 of tho Christian era
l. considered 'he date of the close nf the
Rabvloniau TAlmud
According to tradition there eNl-trl
in Jerusalem during 10" first half of the hr-t
century 4 u. go -vnagugu''., all ~ which
were destroyed with he Temple, 10y Ti'us.
Zach uf those svnagoguc- was provides
with a school Tor biblical instruction as
well a. one for instrIctiuu ~ the oral Law.
Reside the-a schools uf the lower and
rnidil. grades therr wa IN Jerusalem
sort 81 university or acad"nV. AN institution
composed 81 he -crib~~ tsagrSl whose pupils
having outgrown the schools. gathered
around them for further traching. ard
were called disciples ~ the Wise The
organization of thi. institute - unknown,
~ L. also the relation IN which u stood To
ih. great Sanhedrin. After th" destruction
- Jerusalem Johauan ben Zakki. a ds-
ciple Of Hillel. founded new home FOR
Jewish law IN Jadneh jJamniai. and thus
evoked new intellectual lif" from th"
RUNS OF fallen political cIis'enCe The
college al Jadneh at once constituted ~
self tho -ucvc-sor Of the great Sanh"0rin
ai Jerusalem. and attracted all the mcu
OF lcarrng who had escaped the national
catastrophe During th" interval between
the destruction Of Jerusalem hv Titus
and the great in-urrcction 81 tho Jews
under Trajan. the school al Jndneh was
the recognized tribunal that gathered and
confirmed the traditions % the past iegu-
lated tho arairs of the Jews, 80 far a. regu-
Iation was possible under tho existing
political conditions, and sow"i the sred
ior fiOirc Developments. Hero Ner"
nourished and strrng hcned the roots Of the |
literature of tradition Midrash and Ni-hna.
Talmud aud lIaRgadah and hers was paved |
- the way fnt a svs'"uai,c trcat ment of /
Halakah and cNcgr-is 1" Jadueh were held |
the debates on the cauoui.i'v of certain /
biblical books there tho 4. .,c. liturgy 4
received it, definite form. and iherc. too. |
probably. was edited IN" Targum on the |
Peniatcuch. which bccam" tho founda,io /
for thc later Targum called afc- Onkvlo- :
II was Jadneh also that inspired and |
SANCTIONS, IN" nov Crock version ~ tho |
Bible. that Of Akvlas tquilHi. intended |
20 sIper~ede the Scpiuagin, p-'par'~d by /
H.llcniz'si jews IN Alexandra The events |
that prcC~ici and followed the great Jewish
igsurrctiop uud~r Rar kukha brought /
about the decay and death of the school 4
AZ Jaslnch The settlement - 'hc Sanh,Si-
nn nj Dsha in'icaie- ~" ultimate spiritual
supremacy ~ Galilre over Jud"a the latter \
having t.comc dcpopula'-,l during Had
rian's war Jsha renamed Tor louc 1
time tho sea- 80 the pals--i iinian academy. |
here was UNDER akrn Ito work - tho r,.sior-
alton of palc-tirian judaism after - dr.
intcgraiion urd~r Hadfiau The study |
% ~" Law Hourishei anew. and simon.
-on uf GsmAhe wss invested With the |
rank iNa' had l---n his fsih~t'- IA JAin"h
Mnh mm the rank - patuar'h hscam" \
i..f,~itarv IN tfo lIous, uf iiillrl ~imons 4
-on. Judah uui'~i With hi- Inherited /
A.
ant 'uiu-ut sfutrfIl. trufn ikaHvlHuta i
n..'A~t io 'n- rsi~-itria. scsdr'uy, o.
hai l.-.n r,mov.~i io Ss1,pl,rtis u 40
Judah'- s-ihiun - the Mi~inAh which I
aitain.i 10 oaupui'a' standing a. ~" su- I
ilY.niir crih-'tHu - rh- lcEai tradition. 1
~ g,i,- ovs raA.Icg 3. 80 rscs.vcd ~