davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Smyrna times., 1901-07-31
SHAMEFULLY TREATED BY
SALISBURY SCHOOL BOARD
PRINCIPAL CHARLES II. LeFEVRE DEPOSED
IN A DIScOURTEOUS MANNER.
Without Any Cause Whatever They Elevate
Another Man, After Having Asked Pro.
fessOr LeFevre to Return.

"The School Board of Salisbury, Md,
while in session on Wednesday, saws
the Salisbury Courier, voted to de-
pose Prof. G. H. LeFevre, who was ap-
pointed Principal of Salisbury High
School last fall, after contest for the
position between w. J. Holloway and
5. King White, and appointed Mr..
Holloway to the position, Mr.. White
as Vice Principal and Mr.. Huntingdon
to the vacancy coused by the advance
ment of Mr.. White. While the ap-
pointments thus made should not re-
fleet any discredit upon the appointees,
the manner in which they were accom-
plished is certain to be severely criti-
cized and justly so. President Charles
E. Williams made the must strenuous
protest against the summary proceed
ings, Prof. LeFevre not having been
heard from nor having resigned-and
voted against Prof. LeFevre's removal
without his being communicated with,
and against Mr.. Holloway's appoint
ment MIR. Levin 7. Cooper, the
newly appointed Republican member of
the Board, however, took sides with
the Holloway partizans and the APP
pointments were made as described.
The only real excuse the members of
the Board who voted for the move was
that there had been talk of Mr.. Le-
Fevre not returning. They gave ii
out that he was not eligible becaus he
had not taken the examination as pre-
scribed by tn Board. This is ridicu-
lous and a more silly reason was never
offered for such sharp practice. If
there had been the slightest doubt OF
Prof. LeFevre's ability to pass the ex-
animation or of his willingness to take
! it, there might have been something in
it. But this doubt did not exist and
| the truth of the matter is that the very
first opportunity was seized to make
the Principalship a political appoint.
ment. What reason the Republican
| AhOAOCI VI bu0 DOdIO Will Do dDlt
to give for his action in the mat
ter he alone can answer. Some
persons are found who are frank
enough to say that his close relation.
ship to certain elements in the schoo
management is a sufficient explanation
of his desire to aid any plan they may
have in view. We cannot presume tC
answer the question and hope that he
will be able to.
cit was shown that change in the
school staff could not be made anG
Prof. LeFevre was thrown out in this
discourteous manner withot a contest
and perhaps such pressure against il
that it would be defeated and conse
quently it was done i'll this underhanC
way, with no one the wiser Except
chosen few until it was too late to act
We are perfectly willingly to rest tn,
case with the people of Wicomict
County and the State"
Prof. LeFevre has received a mum
Der of letters from prominent citizen
of Salisbury condemning the action o
the Board, and express regret at los
ing his valuable services. He wa
well liked at Salisbury and the school
prospered under his superintendency
Smyrna times., 1901-07-31
MULES DIE FROM EATING PARIS GREEN.
Inc Poison Had Been Mixed With Meal In
stead Of Plaster for the Potato Patch.

On Friday last, Mr.. George Morris
On farm near the Blackbird Camp
meeting Woods north of Smyrna, lost
TWO OF his valuable mules from eating
raris Green. 1t was discovered on in
Vesugation that the poison had been
mixed by mistake with meal instead of
p,Aster' and carelessly leftin the wagon
sned to be used when convenient, to
spread on the potato patch for exter-
-Hination of bugs. The mules in
wandering about came across the
meaiy subsistence, and finding it palat-
foie deyoured it. Death followed a
Short time afterwards.
Smyrna times., 1901-07-31
Smyrna Town Council Matters.

The following bills were allowed at a
meeting of the Town Council Friday
evening: P. w. & B. Railroad, $120. Sc;
Charles Warner Co., $70.5 so; John p.
Hudson, $10.52; total, $20S.54. There
being no other business Council ad-
jourrel.
Smyrna times., 1901-07-31
Broke Hls Ler Al smYrna landing.

While unloading a cargo of kainit
for l.. M. Price at Smyrna Landing,
Monday, the cart broke and the
load fell on Joseph Tucker, breaking
his leg. DIR. T. @. Moore reduced the
fracture.
Smyrna times., 1901-07-31
EXCELLENT MUSIC AT ASBURY CHURCH.
Vesper Services Sunday Evening Much En-.
iOyed-Rev. Collins breaches Fine Sermons.

iOyed-Rev. Collins breaches Fine Sermons.
Rev. V. S. Collins had good congre-
cations Sunday both at morning and
vespers services. Half of the evening
service was in charge of the Christian
Endeavor Society, Miss Edith Beck
leader. A song and praise service was
conducted, during which quartette:
Beautiful Isle of Somewhere" was
rendered by Messrs. L. NJ. Price, J.
E. Hoffecker, Rev. V. S. Collins and
Mr.. Ernest Haynes. 1t was especially
enjoyed by the audience. Mr.. Ernest
Haynes also sang pleasing bass solo
at the morning service.
The age-herald., 1901-06-25
At St, Louis,

St. Louis, June 2.-The ring had the best of the argument today, Orris being the only favoite to reward form play CTS Three second choices and two out siders scored in the other events.
 Todays card was poor one and the attendance was light in consequence. In the fourth event Spinel got off flying, spread eagle, and won easily. Track fast. Summary:
 First Race-Four and a half furlongs, selling. Huntress A. TOT (Enos), to ?, won: Miss Dora, 103 (Givens), IA to 5, second Boni Coosa 99 CO'NeiD, 15 to 1, third. Time :55
 Second Race-Mile and sixteenth. sell ing. Orris, 100 e, to g. won; Buena. 109 (O'Brien), 13 to 1, second; Medina, 1O6 (Dale) 8 to'1, third. Time. 1:47A.
 Third Race-Six furlongs. selling. Queen Anne, 103 Dale) to 1, won; Si- lent Friend, 103 (O'Brien), 10 to l. second; Harry Pullian, 99 (BelD, 20 to l, third. Time, 1:14%.
 Fourth Race-Six and half furlongs. Spinel, 1O5 (Wedderstrand), 4 to 1. won; Ladesirious 105 (O'NeiD, 5 to 2. second; Harro, 102 (Redfern), 8 to B. third Time, 1:21A
 Fifth Race-Seven furlongs. Perry R, 100 (O'Neil). to 1, won; Eight Bells, H (Murphy), to 1, second; Fred Hessig, 9t (Earl) 5 to 1, third. Time, :2S.
 Sixth Race-Miie and seventy yards, selling. Lee Bruno 105 (Gilmore), to ?, won; Rush Fields 109 (Bate). even, sec ond; Eugene s, 1O3 (EarD, 15 to l. third. Time, :144s.
The age-herald., 1901-06-25

ly for one base and Abbaticchio struck out. Fisher was hit by a pitched bali and Goodenough flied out to short. Tom Parrott was next up and there was a painful silence in the bleachers. Twice he lunged at the ball and missed it, each time swinging the bat witfA such terrific force as to lift him off his Net. This aroused the bleaehers,. whose splits began to rise again. One foul and then a ball, and Wilhelm, one of the leagues greatest pitchers, faced the mighty Tom again. He swung his good right arm and turned the ball loose. Tom met 1t. There was a clear ring and the ball was seen hurling through space towards the Alabama Great Southern Railroad. With the crack of the bat Leidy and Culver were after the ball, but with all their sprinting the best they could do was to return 1t in time to hold Parrott at third.
 Ballantyne retired the side on a grounder to short
 The locals made a desperate effort to win out in the ninth, but they couldn't quite make it. LaRocque who had been swatting the ball good and hard all the afternoon, was first up and the bleach- CTS pleaded with him to hit 1t out, and he did it. He hit the ball square on the trade mark and sent grass cutter along the left foul line. It was good for half the circuit and Mills followed. Mills is one of the safest batters in the league and the fans had visions of a two bagger which would tie the score, but Tom Par rott got in the way and he died on a fly to left without advancing La Rocque. Culver sent loop to second and Kallk- hoff hit to short and was thrown out at first
 And there were a thousand sad and disconsolate fans.
 The score:
The age-herald., 1901-06-25
ACCIDENTALLY KILLED.
William Dean of Fort Payne Fatally
 Injured By Freight Train.

Fort Payne, June A.-(special. )-wil- liam Dean of this city was horribly mangled and killed by a freight train on the Alabama Great Southern Railroad here today. The accident occurred near the company's freight depot. MT. Dean was walking down the track between the main track and the side track. A freight train was on the side track in front of him. When he reached a point opposite the pilot of the engine he turned to the left and attempted to take the main track and was struck by the caboose of freight backing down the main line Both legs were severed from the body and his face and head badly injured He was carried to the Wills Valley Hotel where he died within a few hours.
 MT. Dean was about 62 years of age and was a veteran of the civil war. He leaves wife and several grown chill dren.
The age-herald., 1901-06-25
PARTY ENDORSEMENT.
PIatt Amendment is Approved by Both
 Parties in Cuba.

Havana, June 24.-The Republican and National parties have signified their ap- proval of the Platt amendment. Since the amendment was accepted by the Gu ban Constitutional. Convention strife has reigned within both parties over a move ment that had for it's purpose the. en- dorsement of the action of the delegates in accepting it. Juan Gualberto Gomez bitterly opposed this movement and as a result of it's ultimate approval by the Republican party Gomez has resigned from the party and given up the editor ship of La Patria. the party organ.
 The National party will also cooperate towards the establishment of the Cuban republic. but faithful to it's programme and revolutionary ideals and understand ing that the Platt amendment, as declar- ed by the party on solemn occasions curtails Cuban independence and limits Cuban sovereignty, the party will employ all legal means in it's power to obtain its repeal.
The age-herald., 1901-06-25
TEST OF STRENGTH.
Machine Shop Will Be Opened Today
 for the Return of Strikers.

Cincinnati. June A.-It is quite likely that test of strength will be made be- tween the striking machinists and the manufacturers whose shops have been idle since May 20 The manufacturers. who are mainly members of the Metal Trades Association, today made their first official deliverance since the strike began in the form of public notice that they have decided to open all their shops tomorrow in order that every workman may be afforded an opportunity to return to work. They assure protection to those who return. There Is no penalty provid- ed for failure to take up this offer. The machinists declare that they will double their pickets, and If the shops fail to get a working force they hope to receive propositions from the manufacturers for ending the strike
The age-herald., 1901-06-25
Summer Homes in the Mountains.

Undoubtedly the most inyigorating and healthful region in which to spend the heated term, is among the resorts along the line of the Chesapeake and Ohio Rail- way, in the mountains of Virginia and West Virginia. These resorts vary in altitude from 1900 to 25o0 feet and are celebrated for their grand and picture soue mountain surroundings, variety of mineral waters. exhilarating climate
 mildly warm days and cool refreshing nights. producing that feeling of energy and buoyancy which insures health and promotes enjoyment. There are over 300 summer homes among the mountains and on the sea shore. reached by the C.
 & o. Railroad The rates vary to suit those of moderate means who prefer homelike surroundings and to gratify those seeking gaiety and social life For booklet descriptive of these resorts and giving names and addresses of managers. apply to ticket offices of lines connecting at Louisville and Cincinnati, or address A. L. Elliott, T. P. A.. c. & O. R. R., Cincinnati, O. 5-12-22t-sun tue thu
The age-herald., 1901-06-25
SHAW RODE THREE OF SIX WINNERS Kamara Won the Bay Ridge
 Handicap Easily WAS A FIVE TO ONE SHOT Only One Favorite Won at St. Louis and the Ring Had the Best
 of lt-Dash Won at
 Newport.
WAS A FIVE TO ONE SHOT

New York June 24.-Kamara, at 5 to 1, with Shaw up, won the Bay Ridge handi- cap at one mile and quarter at Sheeps- head Bay today. Decanter was heavily player favorite at Il to 5, and Maid of Harlem, a strong second choice. at to 1. Kamara got off in front and made every post a winning one There was great deal of crowdipg and foul riding during the race for which little Michaels, on The Regent, was judged responsible by the stewards and his mount was dis qualified. The Zephyr stakes was won by Disadvantage, the to favorite. Shaw rode three winners and one second in five mounts. Besides winning the two stakes he brought Isidor home and was an easy victor in the last race, and was second on the Amazon in the. second race, which Scurry won easily Three favorites were successful and the first choice players had a good day Track fast, weather warm and attendance large.
 First Race-Five furlongs: Hyppen, 115 (combs) 8 to 1, won; Master Man, 1l5 (Mounce) Il to and even, second: Byrne of Roscrea, 115 (Burns), 15 to 1, third. Time, 100.
 Second Race-One mile, selling: Scurry 8S (H. Michaels), evens won; The Anna zon, 1O6 (Shaw). 1S to 5, second; Collegtan, ss (Cochran). to1, third. Time, 1:3s 3-5.
 Third Race-The Zephyr stakes, five and a half furlongs: Disadvantage, IA Shaw, 10 to 1, won; White Owl 14 (O'Connor), to and out, second; Lady Sterling, 109 Oangman), F to 1, third. Time, 1:06 3-5.
 Fourth Race-The Bay Ridge handicap, one mile and a quarter: Kamara, Ill (Shaw), to 1, won; The Regent, 96 (H. Michaels), 20 to 1, second; Decanter, nS (Burns), 20 to 1, third Time, POS 2-5.
 The Regent, who finished second, was disqualified, Decanter placed second and First Whip, 11s (Spencer), to 1, third.
 Fifth Race-One mile: Ethics, 116 (O'Connor), 8 to 1, won; Cervera, 113 (Odom), 5 to 1 and 2 to 1, second; Tom Kenny, 116 (Mounce), to 1, third. Time, 1:41 1-5.
 Sixth Race-Six furlongs on the turf: Isidor, 115 (Shaw), Il to 10, won; Temple ton, 112 (McGinn), 3 to and to 5. sec ond; Double Six 112 (W. Taylor), 15 to 1, third. Time, 1:14.
The age-herald., 1901-06-25
At Newport.

Cincinnati June 24.-Dash won another purse today at Newport, and she will be sent to Chicago to start in the Quickstep stakes. She is the best 2-year-old at the track. Weather hot; track fast.
 First Race-Five furlongs: Sauteurne. won; Jack Willis, second; Ceylon, third. Time, 1:02A
 Second Race-Six furlongs. Col Strathy, won; Metoxen, second; Rodd, third. Time, 1:i5.
 Third Race-Five furlongs. Wash, won; Insolence, second; Follow, third Time, 102A
 Fourth Race-Mile and one-sixteenth, selling Edna Gerry. won; Birdie May, second; Bafied. third Time. 1:47h
 Fifth Race-One mile Robt. Morrison, won; Laura's First, second; Micou, third. Time, 1431s.
 Sixth Race-Seven furlongs selling. Napoleon Bonaparte, won; Dr. s. c. Ayers, second; Nels Morris, third Time, 1:27%.
The age-herald., 1901-06-25
Shreveport, fl; Little Rock, 1.

Shreveport, La, June 2+-The locals celebrated their return home by defeat- ing the leaders-Little Rock-with ease. McCloskey, the visitors pitcher, besides being hit hard, was wild. Keefe, on the contrary, was steady and kept the hits well scattered The features of the game were the hitting of Montgomery and Lucid. Crozieri the visitors left fielder, was injured in the third inning in sliding to home and retired from the game. Score: Il. E, Shreveport. ... .-S 5 O-l l6 Little Rock..... 70 Q OV-l
 Batteries-Keefe and McGuire; Mc- Closkey and Lynch.
The age-herald., 1901-06-25
Chicago, '; Philadelphia, 5.

Philadelphia. Pa, June 24-(American League e.)-Philadelphi and Chicago play ed a remarkable fourteen inning game today. The score was tied in the ninth and no more runs were made until the first half of the fourteenth when the Chica- gos made three runs without making a hit. Attendance. 1912 Score: R.HE. Phila.. ... 10000 19 4 Chicago a. 70 000021 10000 3--7 10 2
 Batteries-Frazer and Powers; Callahan and Sugden.
The age-herald., 1901-06-25
TWENTY-TWo YEARS AGO.
Man Arrested on Charge of Murder
 Committed Then.

Mena, Ark, June Civilian Wiley, known to many people as William Allen. an old farmer and inspector who lives on Cossatot River. about twenty miles south on charge of committing murder twen- ty-two years ago at Mt. Vernon, Texas. Wiley was arrested by E. P. Templeton. sheriff of Franklin county, Texas, and c. c. Dupree. an ex-sheriff of the same county.
The age-herald., 1901-06-25
SPECIAL RATES To Cincinnati Via Alabama Great Southern Railroad.

Account International Christian En- deayor Convention, July 6-1Oth, the Ala bama Great Southern Railroad will sell round-trip tickets to Cincinnati at rate of one fare. Tickets on sale July 4-5-6 limited July 14. By depositing tickets and payment fee of 50 cents extension of final limit may be obtained to September l. 1901. Rate from Birmingham s1450.
 Information cheerfully furnished on ap- plication. J. c. LUSK,
 tH Travelling Passenger Agent,
 6-20-td Birmingham, Ala.
The age-herald., 1901-06-25
Philadelphia, s-1s; Cincinnati, o-1.

Philadelphia, Pa, June A.-(National League. 1.-Two games were played here today by Cincinnati and Philadelphia and the home team won both without dlfficui- ty. In the first game Cincinnati was shut out and the one run in the second was a gift on a misplay. Attendance. 5O4.
 R.H.E. Cincinnati :. .. ....0 0 0 0 70 O co 10 l Pbjladelphia . .1052 0000 s-S Il 1 Batteries: Hahn and Peitz; Duggleoy and Mcfarland
 Second. game RH.E. Cincinnati :. ... 70 o00010O0 0O-1 T Philadelphia .. ..3 0 6 3 5 0 "-19 p ? Batteries: Phillips and Bergen; White and Douglass.
The age-herald., 1901-06-25

New York, June 24.-(National League.) The New Works won in the final inning sacrifice and Bernards single. Hickmans all round work and Matthewsons clever
The age-herald., 1901-06-25
Selma, 4; Chattanooga, 1.

Selma, June 24-(Special.)- IA beautiful and clean three base hit by Clayton in the ninth inning saved Chattanooga from being shut out this afternoon. Cribbins, for Selma, pitched a beautiful game, giving up five hits, the visitors being unable to connect with his curves for a single hit until the sixth inning. Clayton was hit at will, stouch getting two two baggers off of him. Score:
 RIFE Selma .....121000 |-4 10 Chattanooga. ;. 70 % o000 o1I Batteries-Cribbins and Harlow; Clay ton and Roth.
The age-herald., 1901-06-25
Memphis, 4; New Orleans, 3.

New Orleans, June A.-Freeland pitched a splendid game but New Or leans lost by awful errors at critical mo- ments. Score: h'H U. New Orleans. ..1010000 0-S Memphis. .0O0011 01@
 Batteries-Freeland and Abbott; Rhodes and Swacina.
The age-herald., 1901-06-25
Fast Service via. the Mobile & Ohio
 Railroad.

in the North, East and West. New equipment. through sleepers Superior service P. s. Hay. s. E. P. A.. No. ? Commerce street. Montgomery Ala C.. M. Shepard. G. F. A., Mobile. Ala.
 6-3-tf
The age-herald., 1901-06-25
Milwaukee. g; Washington, 1

Washington Wis. June 2i.-(American League )-Milwaukee punched hits in the sixth inning and with the aid of two er- TOTS clinched the game. Attendance, 225S. Score; RH.E. Washington .. .. 00O04O0-S s 5 Milwaukee :. .. ....1 0002 6 o 0-9 13 2
 Batteries: Lee and Clark: Garvin, Haw- ley, Hastings and Maloney.
The age-herald., 1901-06-25

Like fast schedules returning south boi,nd. Dining, cafe. parlor and observa- ton cars on all through trains.
 Greatly reduced rates have been au- thorized for this occasion.
 Rates, printed matter and other in formation cheerfully furnished on appli- cation. J. c. LUSK,
 Travelling Passenger Agent. e-19-tf Birmingham, Ala.
The age-herald., 1901-06-25
An Excellent Combination.

The pleasant method and beneficial effects of the well known remedy, SYRUP OF FIGs, manufactured by the CALIFORNIA FIG SYRUP Co.,, illustrate the value of obtaining the liquid laxa- tive principles of plants known to be incidentally laxative and presenting them in the form most refreshing to the taste and acceptable to the system. It is the one perfect strengthening laxa- tive, cleansing the system effectually, dispelling colds, headaches and levers gently yet promptly and enabling one to overcome habitual constipation per manently. Its perfect freedom from every objectionable quality and sub stance, and it's acting on the kidneys, liver and bowels, without weakening or irritating them, make it the ideal laxative.
 In the process of manufacturing figs are used, as they are pleasant to the taste, but the medicinal qualities of the remedy are obtained from senna and other aromatic plants, by method known to the CALIFORNIA FIa SYRUP Co. only. In order to get it's beneficial, effects and to avoid limitations, please remember the full name of the Company printed on tho front of every package. CALIFORNIA FIG SYRUP co.
 BAN FRANCISCO. CAL.
 LOUISVILLE, KY. NEW YORK, N. r. r-- .-'-''-"i' p-rrgists --Price50c. per bottle.
The age-herald., 1901-06-25
Brooklyn, 2; Chicago, 1.

Brooklyn. June M.-(National League) -McGuires deadly throwing won today's game for Brooklyn. He caught five men on the bases, mailing two of them in the sixth when the Chicagos had the bases full and only one out. Attendance. 400. Score: R.H.E. Chicago .... ... 00O0OO1O0-1 2 Brooklyn .. e. ...00i 00100-2 1
 Batteries: Waddell and Kahoe; Hughes and McGuire
The age-herald., 1901-06-25

Summary: Earned runs-Birmingham 2. Left on bases-Birmingham 15, Nashville | Stolen bases-Moss 2, Martin 8, Veitch, Fisher. Two-base hits-LaRocque, Kalk- hoff. Kennedy, Reitz 9 Three-base hit Parrott Double plays-Martin to Kalk- hoff, Kennedy to Abba tticchio to Ballan- tyne. Bases on balls-Of Wilhelm 3, off Corbett [ Hit by pitcher-By Wilhelm l. Struck out-By Wilhelm ?, by Corbett l. Time of game-2 hours. Umpire-York.
 Attendance S00
The age-herald., 1901-06-25
Will Noi Close.

New York, June 24.-The members of the Cotton Exchange decided today not to close the exchange on Friday and Satur- day following July A.
The age-herald., 1901-06-25

By losing yesterdays game Birming- ham drops from third to sixth place. Nashville, Shreveport and Memphis going above her. Selma continues her winning streak and is separated from Little Rock by only F points.
The age-herald., 1901-06-25

pitching were the features Attendance, 400o. Score: R.H. D. New York =. ..0OO2O O0001-3 [ 5 St. Louis .... :. ..0O0020 0000-2 5
 Batteries-Ma Bowerman and Warner; Sudhoff and Ryan.
The age-herald., 1901-06-25
Pittsbure, 8; Boston, 2.

Boston, June 24.-(National League)- Pittsburg found Dineen easy today and had no trouble in winning the game, es- pecially as they were aided by ragged fielding on the part of the locals. Attend ance, 12OO, Score: R.H.E. Boston ... .... ....1 % o 0 0 0 0-2 6 4 Pittsburg .. ... ....11202 01 0-S 13 1
 Batteries: Dineen and Moran; Phillippi
The age-herald., 1901-06-25
Cleveland. z: Boston. i.

Boston. June A.-(American League.)- Cleveland excelled Boston In all depart ments of the game today and won easily. Attendance sol3. Score:
 RHE. Boston. .. .... ...00O10O000-1 5 4 Cleveland. ... .....2 02011001-7 Il 1 Batteries-Mitchell and Shreckengost; Moore and Wood.
The age-herald., 1901-06-25
THE WEATHER.
Forecast for Alabama.

Washington, June 24.-Following is the forecast for Alabama: Showers Tuesday and Wednesday,; light to fresh southerly winds,
The age-herald., 1901-06-25
THE PAN-AMERIcAN EXPOSITION
 Buffalo, May to November, 1901,

Only one night out via Queen and Cres- cent Route Alabama Great Southern) through Chattanooga, Cincinnati and along the, lake shore. Choice of routes via Lake Erie or rail between Cleveland and Buffalo, going or returning.
 The Pan-American Special-Double daily trains, convenient and quick sched- ules. Through Pullman sleeper New Or leans to Buffalo. Look at the sched- t11o
The age-herald., 1901-06-25
Baltimore, ii; Detroit, 8.

Baltimore, June A.-(Ameriean League) In six times at bat Donlin made two triples, two doubles and two singles. Attendance 20lS. Score
 R.H.E. Baltimore. .. ..4esO010Ss-17 p 4 Detroit. ...1 00 08010-S 8 12 4 Batteries-McGinnity, Ferguson and Robinson; Miller and Buelow