davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The age-herald., 1901-04-27
Comparative Statement.

New York, April 26.-For the week end ing Friday. April 26: Net receipts at all United States ports during week. 71,66o; net receipts at all United States ports during the same week last year. 39,679; total receipts to this date, 6,709,Sl4; total receipts to same date last year, 6,16o o757; exports for the week. 71,067; exports for same week last year, S3s94 total exports to this date, 5,S4o, ,690; total exports to same date last year. 5,094,827; stock at all United States ports, 67,O54; stock at all United States ports same time last year, 2.377; stock at all interior towns, 49S,- 00T; stock at all interior towns same time last year, 224. .258; stock at Liverpool, 7S6,0oo; stock at Liverpool same time last year ,647, ,000; stock of American afioat for Great Britain. 100, COO; stock of Ameri- can afoat for Great Britain same time last year 110,000
The age-herald., 1901-04-27

Cash quotations were as follows: F'lour-Steady.
 Wheat-No. 3 spring 71@7219c, No red 761sc.
 Corn-No. 2, 4Sc; No. ? yellow, 4sc. Oats-No. 2, 27c; No. 2 white, 2S%@29Ac; No. 3 white, 2S1a@2SAc.
 Rye-No. ?, 53Q54c
 Barley-Good feeding 45c, fair to choice malting 4SG55c.
 Flaxseed-No. l. $1.e2; No. northwest ern sl.63.
 Timothy. Seed-Prime 8. 80. Mess Pork-Per barrel s14. .40@14. 45. Lard-Per 100 ounds $S. 15GS. .171s Short Rib Sides-Loose $S .10aS.30 Dry Salted Shoulders-Boxed 67s@7@c. Short Clear Sides-Boxed $S. S71sdS. .50. Whisky-Basis of high wines $1.H. Clover-Contract grade $10.75. On the Produce Exchange today quota tions were;
 Butter-Easy; creamery 15G19c. dairy II @1sc Cheese-Steady, 91s@111ec. Eggs-Easy; fresh 12c.
The age-herald., 1901-04-27
The Coffee Market.

New York, April 26.-Sentiment during most of the session was bullish on slight ly better Brazilian receipts than expected and poor spot demand. Near the close profit-taking sent prices upward and at D. m the feeling was steady with prices net unchanged to points lower. Total sales were 5750 bags, including: May. s5.1O; June, s515; September. $5.4O@5. 45; oc- tober, s5. 45@550: December. sss5@6. 70; January, s5.70; March, s5.s5@69o; spot Rio dull; No. z invoice. SIS; mild dull; Cor doya, SA@121k.
The age-herald., 1901-04-27

Have your cuts for advertlsina and other purposes made by The Age,Her. aid Engraving Company. lts work ls artistic and It's prices moderate, Age. Herald Building.
 Call for Alabama Brewing Conpany's "Extra Pales and "Standardn Beers. On tap or in bottles. Phone lO28
The age-herald., 1901-04-27
CONFEDERATE vETERANs' Reunion, Memphis, Tennr May 28ao
 1901.

The Plant System will sell round trir tickets at rates one cent per mile distance travelled. Tickets on sale May 25. 26 and 27. with return limit June l. 1901.
 By depositing tickets with joint agent at Memphis, upon payment 50 cents. ex- accorded
 Perfect passenger service. See ticket agents. B. W. Wrenn. Passenger Trafic Manager, Savannah, Ga. 4-27-tf
The age-herald., 1901-04-27
COTTON, STOCKS AND GRAIN.

All purchases and sales are made direo, on the exchange for which the order Is correspondents-J. H. Parker & Ca. w Lee < Co.,. Purnell. Hagaman e Ca New York: Fairchild & Hobson, New Of' ieaus; Ware & Leland. Chicago. Reference-First National Bank n, Birmingham, First National Bank of Rome. Ga
 TELEPHONE NO. 114E
 special attention giyen to orders over telephone and orders sent from out of the city
The age-herald., 1901-04-27
Total Net Receipts,

New York, April 2s.-Following are the total net receipts of cotton at all ports since September 1, 1900:
 Galveston, 1,ss2,ssl; New Orleans, D. 205, lo6; Mobile, 125, ,669; Savannah, 9s4, ,609; Charleston, 214002; Wilmington, 255,15S; Norfolk. 3ss.S1s; Baltimore, 7s,S05; New York, 154,123; Boston, 1S6,124; Newport News, 1S,119; Philadelphia, 2l,s17; Bruns- wick, 7a,651; Port Arthur, 20654 Pensaco- la, 125,0s3 Total, 6.70s,S14 bales.
The age-herald., 1901-04-27
Cotton Letter.

New Orleans. April 2s-The cotton mar ket opened quiet at an advance of { to points, and without exhibiting any de- cided tendency either way with inim- portant fluctuations. closed with a small loss from the opening about points above
The age-herald., 1901-04-27
DR. Y. EyHOLLOWAY
 Physicia6 and Surgeon.


 Three-fourths of the persons who come to me to get cured of Syphilis, Gonorrhoea, Gleet, Structure, l. O 8 [ Manhood and other private diseases have tried to get well by using oth-
 CT means. Why hot come as soon as you find that you
 are afflicted5 It
The age-herald., 1901-04-27
Birmingham City Bonds.
Fruit ane Produce.

Fruit ano Produce. Butter-Clover hill. pound prints. a,c Eiejn (standard). 23c: best creamery. e5c MississippI, best grade. 2oc: good country 1I6ffsc: mixed country. l0c.
 Irish potatoes, 60c
 Sweet White, N.5o per barrel. vans. s225 per barrel.
 Anples-Per barrel H259450 Bananas. Per BHnch-caIls, 5o975 cent straights. $1.25@1. 50.
 Lemons-Per box. sa 25As5o. Oranges-Per box, $2. B@3. B. Eggs, 15c.
 ,sc. hens, 27ik@30c: Pekin ducks. sol5ssn. nnddle ducks, 20N2Es. turkeys on foot se, eo: drawn. head 'rnd feet on. i21kc. " Onions, at 31tc.
 Cabbage-Per pound, %: per crate. 70 os Lima Beans-Pcr pound, 7D7xc white Reas-Per bushel g. 75 Dried Apples-Per pound, 41s7ekc
 Local Staple Groceries. Flour-Best patent, N.75; Huslev,s hoe, u.@; Tennessee patent $40; haif patent f s3.s5
 sugar-Granulated 5xc; Y. O.. 5hc cofsee-Green l0@13c. Arbuckle,s no,~ ares s12. 30. Lion packages $12.3o. Cheese-New York full cream, 1sxc. Lard sAc basis.
 Meats = Clear rib sides. 9c; bacon bel lies, He: dry salted bellies. 9azc; best hams, 12c: four x hams, He; California hams sskc; breakfast bacon. 121kc' Molasses-centrifusai. l5@ssc; sugar. Rice-Per pound. 4Mc; fancy. 7c. Corn-Mixed 61c. white 62c. Meal-Jim Dandy si.o2. Joe Darter ssc. Hay Per Ton-Chdce timothy, s2o. oo. No i. s1s.oo; clover mixed elss0; prairie s11 .5o
 Oats-Mixed s9c. yhite 40c.
 Bran-Mixed $2000 pure wheat s2l .o0 Cotton Seed MealtPcr ton. S22Oo.
The age-herald., 1901-04-27
Bonds.
\. D. C0THRAN & GO,

New Orleans Cotton Exchange. ROOT 6 and 2 Alabama National Bank
 Building.
 Private leased wires to New York, New o.,..p9 and Chicago. i
The age-herald., 1901-04-27

Only limited number of maps left. Subscribers should avail themselves of this opportunity to secure house hold, office and school room necessity.
The age-herald., 1901-04-27
New Orleans Cotton Market.

New Orleans, April 26-In spot cotton there was trading after hours last even ing, when prices seemed to be shade softer than earlier in the day, but today the position was quiet, with just shade of advantage to the purchasing element. Both sides, however, were asking con- sessions, and the movement was accord ingly restricted. Sales, $500 bales in cluding 1000 to arrive; prices unchanged.
 In futures there was but little doing. Liverpool was off 1-64d on deliveries of the next crop and on this side of the wa ter interest in the situation was so slack that after prices had opened to points higher the backing and filing was con fined to a very narrow range. At the close May was 7asa7.99; June. 7.9e97 92; July, 787D7.SS and the other months 1 to 5 points higher than yesterdays closing.
 New Orleans. April 26.-Cotton steady; sales 3500; ordinary. 5 13-16; good ordi- nary, 61a low middling, 5-16; middling, SIS; good middling, 8 a-16: middling fair, 8 13-16; receipts, es97; stock, 246391.
 r Consolidated statement: Receipts, net, n,660; exports to Great Britain, 2S,4S1; France. H5s; continent, 32,S5o; stock. 67,054.
 New Orleans, April 26.-Cotton futures dull; April, nominal; May, 7.9s@7.s9: June. 7sod7.s2; July. 77@7 ss; August, 767o17. ss; i; September 7.24Q726; October 707@7. %: November, 7.02@7.o4: December 7.O1@7 o3
The age-herald., 1901-04-27
John M. Caldwell George B. Ward.
Chicago 'chanae.

Chicago, April 26.-Today's grain mar kets were moderately active and firm, wheat closing %o, corn Is to AQhc and oats 1sc higher. Provisions closed easier.
 The leading futures ranged as follows:
The age-herald., 1901-04-27
LIverpooI cotton Marked.

Liverpool, April 26.4 p. m.-Cotton spot, moderate business; prices 1-s2d higher; American middling fair, 5-32d l: good middlins, 47-32d middling, 4 21-32d; 1; low middling. 1 15-s2d: good ordinary, 7-32d; ordinary. 31-32d The sales of the day were 5000 bales of which 800 were 5sno ror spserun 9rt ana sApor' 5ooo ana included Futures opened quiet and closed steady. American middling l.. M, O: April, April May. May-June. 4,3S sellers; June-July, July-August, 4sa@4.s4 sellers, August September. September, 4.2s sellers: Octo- Der, 6. Q. Q, lD0 buyers; octoher-Noyem- Der. 4.p5940s sellers; November-D Decem- Der. 4.05@4W sellers.
The age-herald., 1901-04-27
Daily Statement.

Galveston-Easy; middling sA; sales, 346 receipts, 2845: stock. 134,572
 Mobile-Nominal; middling, &; receipts 10; stock, 10,s0S. 72724.
 Charleston-Steady: middling, B. re- ceipts, 2S8; stock, 5167.
 Wilmngton-Firm; middling, 7%; re- oeipts, 138; stock, TIT,
 Norfolk-Quiet; middling. 3-16; sales, 334 receipts, 621; stock, 19.11S.
 Baltimore-Nominal: middling, 5-16; receipts S73; stock, 7776.
 Boston-Dull; middling, sas; receipts, net 50; gross. G7.
 Philadelphia-Quiet; middling, 9-16; re- ceipts. 291; stock. 5O51.
 St. Louis-Quiet; middling. SIS; receipts. 3SS; stock, 76,139
 Memphis--Steady; middling, 1-16; re- ceipts, 174o; shipments, 22S4; sales, 100; stock, 109,lA.
The age-herald., 1901-04-27
Live Stock Markets.

Chicago, April 26.-Cattle receipts, 2000; generally steady except canners weak; good to prime steers, s5.OoQ6,Oo; poor to medium, S. s0@495; stockers and feeders. g. Soa49S; calves firm, s40O@525; Texas fed steers, s4256l5.40; Texas grass steers. ss. 5o6D4. OO; Texas bulls, sc.75Ql4.oO.
 Hogs-Receipts today, 25,0oo; opened weak closed strong, active. Top. $6.05; medium and butchers. s5.75@6.00; good to choice heavy, s. SGGl6. O5; light, s. 70G5. s6.
 Sheep-Receipts, 5000; steady for sheep; stronger for lambs, Colorados month, $5.s0 good to choice wethers A,65g4.s0; sheep, s46594.90; yearlings. A.65@4.90; na- tive lambs. s4.50a5.oo; Western lambs, S4 7Oa5 .30
The age-herald., 1901-04-27

F. s. Cannon. Third vice-President and General Manager, Washington, D. c. s. H. Hardwick. G. F. A., Washington. D. c.
 c. A. Benscoter, A. c. P A.. Chattanoo. ga, Tenn.
 c. E. Jackson. T. P. A.. Bi-mingham Ala
The age-herald., 1901-04-27
THE LOCAL MARKETS
Loca, Cotton Market.
Local .ron Market.
Local Stocks and Hords.

Corrected Daily by Caldwell & Ward, Bankers. 2015 First Aye. Tele-
 phone 753 (See Card)
The age-herald., 1901-04-27
Financial.


 New York, April 26.-Commerclal-Ad vertser's London financial cablegram:
 Very hrisk business was done on the stock exchange today. The tone was cheerful. The American department had ouieted down, and there was fewer fire works today than on any day for some time Prices were hard till New York sent over selling orders supposed to be in an- ticipation of the holiday tomorrow. The closing of the stock exchange in New York will give London the first chance to act on the bank statement. The Baltimore and Ohio issues lead in the trading Other features were Missouri. Kansas and Tex as and Denver and Rio Grande. which were strong on the announcement of the election of MT. Gould as president In Union Pacific there was disposition to take profits All of these stocks however, was eclipsed in trading by the shares of the United States Steel Corporation, which made a record.
 x The new consols opened 3-16 premium on the issue of allotment letters for sub scriptions of f5c,OOO and higher amounts There was some fear that the big men might try to catch premiums, but these were discredited and the fluctuations were not enough to tempt anybody
The age-herald., 1901-04-27

DOUBLE DAILY SCHEDULE TO GIN CINNATI. LOUISVILLE AND
 LEXINGTON.
The age-herald., 1901-04-27
By Private Wire to H D. Cochran & Go

New York Cotton Futures.
The age-herald., 1901-04-27

No. 1 from Macon, Albany, Columbus, opeiika, Americus. etc, $40 ?. m. No 8 from Savannah, Augusta, Macon, Columbus, etc., 1920 D. m.
 Elegant through sleepers between Bir- mingham, Columbus, Macon and savan- nah on Nos. 3 and {.
 Connection is made at Savannah with the fast freight and luxurious passenger steamships of the Savannah Line from and to New York, Boston and the East For more detailed let s n information' ,s 6esuti- sOLON JACOBS Commercial Agent. w. D. HAMMET. Traveling Passenger
 Agent, 1921 First Avenue.
 JACK W JOHNSON. Union Ticket
 Agent, Birmingham. Ala
 J. O HALLE. General Passenger Agent E. H. HINTON. Traffic Aanagsr, sa-
 vannah. Ca
The age-herald., 1901-04-27
Money on Gall.

New York, April a6.-Money on call was steady, sQ4 per cent; last loan 4; ruling rate 3lk per cent. Prime mercantile paper 4@41a per cent. Sterling exchange firm, with actual business in bankers bills S4 sS1s614. .SS1l for demand and $4 S5G4 .s5ls for sixty days. Posted rates A Sb1s@4 s. Commercial bills A .s5A@4 s4ia. Silver cer- tificates 50. Bar silver 60ls Mexican dol lars 4Sh.
 Government bonds firmer; state bonds strong; railroad bonds strong. /
The age-herald., 1901-04-27
Treasury Statement.

Washington, April 26.-Today's state ment of the treasury balance in the gen eral fund, exclusive of the s15o,oooooO gold reserve in the division of redemption shows: Available cash balances S15o,1R, 227; gold $95, 72,526.
The age-herald., 1901-04-27
BIRMINGHAM MINERAL-Korth.

sNo 1. Fast Mall. cin...I s;25 ami s:ss am sNo. 3, Fast Mail, Gin. l si45 pm 4:O5 pm No. g to Montgomeryi 5:3 am
The age-herald., 1901-04-27

New York Stock Market. By Private Wire to Murphy & Co.
The age-herald., 1901-04-27
I 6 N.-North.

'No. ?. Fast Mail. N. o. sNo. {. Fast Mall, NO. l. No. 8, Decatur Accom-. No. 10, M't'g'ry Accom-.
 South.
Rosebud County news. [volume] (Forsyth, Mont.) 1901-1906, 1901-11-28
Notice

All parties holding Fire Insurance
policies written by c. c. Gates will
please report them at once to II. G..
Wright who will represent the com
panies formerly handled by Mr.
Gates. Policy holders with receipts
for premiums paid will please bring
them with policies and give the matter
earliest attention.
+. M. AVERY, Special agent Fire
Association of Philadelphia.
II. w. BATCHELDER, Special agent
Niagara and Providence Insurance
Companies.
Rosebud County news. [volume] (Forsyth, Mont.) 1901-1906, 1901-11-28
4 Sea and . Sec.

The wife of mariner about to sail
o0 q distant voyage sent note to the
clergyman of the parish, expressing
the following meaning: "a husband
going to sea, his wife desires the pray
ers of the congregation" Unfortunate
ly, the good malron was not skilled in
punctuation nor had the minister quick
vision. He read the note as it was
written: "A husband going to see his
wife. desires the prayers OF the con-
xregation
Rosebud County news. [volume] (Forsyth, Mont.) 1901-1906, 1901-11-28
IL acherS' Examination.

The next regular teachers examin-
alton in Forsyth will he held on No
velnber % and 80.
All desiring to be examined may be
present at 8 o'clock. a. m.
GERTRUDE HIGGINS,
Co. Superintendent.
Rosebud County news. [volume] (Forsyth, Mont.) 1901-1906, 1901-11-28
COUNTY CORRESPONDENCE.
Kirby.

Kirby.
Gus HIM was here this week.
Mrs. A. Wesley is in Sheridan.
Glorious weather and everyone busy.
I. Chambers is very busy improving
his ranch.
Mr.. Roushill of Bull creek was a
visitor here lately.
A. Wesley is improving his time by
| renovatir & his quarters.
A. Snreves and wife visited Mr.. and
Mrs. f. Ramsey this week.
We hope the authorities at Lame
Deer will soon give us liberty.
H. Redmond. who is herding cattle,
was here this week after supplies.
w. D. Smith, who located on Bull
creek some time ago, is breaking land.
Mr.. Nelly, who has been sick, was
visited by DR.. Grinstead and is now
at work again.
Forsyth was represented here re-
Gently by parties gathering the Sweet
yer and Lyon cattle.
Genuine Newhouse Offset traps at
Bailey & Terrett's-the best on earth
or wolfers and ranchers.
Our constable would like to be in
formed if he can mike twenty dollar
collections" ia case he runs short.
1t was with much regret that we
chronicle the closing of school and the
Burlington.
Much nconvience is experienced
here on account of the quarantining
of bur county road, as we are thus
isolated from the county's capital
Our smallpox cases are not serious
and under the able and painstaking
zeal of our county physician the
IL
| Mrs. Sherman O'Dell and Miss Nav
Hutton were visitors here this week.
| Miss May expects to return to her
home at Red Lodge in a few days,
where her parents now reside.
1t was with great pleasure that our
neighborhood was favored with visit
by our efficient county physician, DIR.
Grinstead. We hope that our new
| county will ever be represented by
such able and painstaking officials.
The welfare of the county and our inn
mediate vicinity was the study of
the doctor and few of us availed
ourselves of his kindness by having
him transact business for MS in the
county seat. His visits here will be
looked forward to with much pleasure.
Rosebud County news. [volume] (Forsyth, Mont.) 1901-1906, 1901-11-28

The advertiser who keeps his
business prominently before peo-
pie and asks persisently and of
ten for their trade is the one who
will get the most business. The
man who is nearly as energetic
will get the business that is left,
and the one who stands around
on the edge, with his hands in
his pockets, may very reasonably
and justly expect to get 'what
the boy shot at. -
The age-herald., 1901-09-10
"Czolqosz Should DIe."

Speaking of the shooting of President Mckinley, which is now the all-absorb- ing topic, thinking man yesterday re- marked..
 "Whether or not the President dies. the criminal should be shot, hanged or cleo trocuted. He declares 1t was his inten- tion to kill that he premeditatedly plan- ned to commit murder; that his intention was to take the life of a human being, stealthily and with aforethought Our State laws do not apply capital punish ment for the mere act of killing. Premed- itation must be proven. It Is poor rule that does not work both ways. The skill ed marksman Is some times respected; the blundering assassin never Is, nor should he be. The intention constitutes the heinousness of the crime. Czolgosz should die. To him there is no horror about prison walls, for from these there is al- ways hope of escape. Had Garfield lived Guiteau would have been no less a eriin- inal deserving death. The progress of medical science, of surgical skill and the prayers of a Christian nation should not be made a means of escape for a william ous criminal It seems to me that this is food for thought by lawmakers"
The age-herald., 1901-09-10
Neq0 York Eost Stdeys 1Amxsozs
 Foy P1o1esslon0I SouS-lm- Lao
From the Chicago Tribune.

From the Chicago Tribune.
 So great is the desire for sons-in-law " above the rank of the family that ex- traordinary measures are taken to secure desirable specimen by people living on the East Side in New York. The son- in-law for whom the soul of every East Slider pines is professional mana doc. tor preferably. Now. there are not so many physicians to be had. and there s only a slight chance that one of the num- Der will look kindly on any given girl, So the affair cannot be left 10 chance. An ambitious youth Is Caught young" his fancy fired with pictures of social and professional glory financial help Is prom. ised him, and then like a pill in jelly Is tucked the condition marry my daughter afterward." This practice is so common that there has arisen a saying, used when any girl marries physician: Her father bought doctor for her" The young men do not seem to object. Indeed, at the age of r the prospect Of marriage is little worthy Of consideration to boy, and, If repentance comes after, he manages to keep 1t to himself and to live up to the bargain.
 The case of one young man, recently married in New York, vii serve to illus trate the practice. At the age of IS the father of girl year or two his senior made a contract with him-the one side
The age-herald., 1901-09-10
strona and Beautiful.

Everybody is admiring the new city hall The work is progressing satisfac- toriiy and the walls will be ready for the roof before the first of October.
 "I have never seen such a large. mas sive, beautiful building anywhere in the United States for the money our city hall Is to cost" said man of taste who has traveied much.
 ."It is to cost only sle5, 900. and many a public building costing three or four hundred thousand dollars looks ordinary in comparison. Some large buildings are strong but are devoid of architectural
 style or artistic design, while some are pretentious but fiimsy. Here we have a combination of strength and beauty. of the utilitarian and the aesthetic. It is certainly of high credit to Mayor Dren- nen and the building committee of winch he is chairman. to the architect and to the contractor
 The Board of Alderman appropriated $2O0, 900 for the city hail. of which $16o. 900 is to be expended on the building and $35, = 900 on the furniture. It Is to be four stories high, with an armory on the top floor. It will probably be completed some time next spring.
The age-herald., 1901-09-10
MIR. chIsoLM ON LYNcHING.
Thinks North Should Take Look at
 Her Own Wrongs.

To the Editor. of the Age-Herald.
 am no advocate for murder of any kind, judicial or what the world calls murder, but I fail to see any difference between a hanging by the sheriff or one by the mob, so far as the dead man Is concerned Does lynching hurt those en- gagged in 1t, and to such degree that no excuse should be made for 1t? think not. We have had three of our Pres,- dents murdered, and every one by Northern man. When they succeed in putting a stop to this crime In their midst then I think will they be in a po- sition to tell us the evils of lynching, not before.
 They endeavor to prove to us and the world that lynching has failed to accom- plish the desired end in our midst. But has 1t? Has two or more women In the same locality, ever been assaulted in the South? They are committed by negroes, who never read the papers, and who know nothing of the sure punishment that is to follow. I say nothing about the well behaved negro, and we have thousands of them in the land.
 The indiscriminate killing of negroes. for every imaginable offence Is so cruel, and so wrong. that every man who pre- tends to be gentleman or Christian ought to stop 1t, at the risk of his life. We ought never to forget that we brought the negro to this country. and that during the four long and dreadful years of our Civil war. he titled the soil and made the bread that fed the armies of the Confederacy, and never once raised his hand to strike the women and chil- dren we left at home. Can the same De said for any other people whose hper- ties were involved In struggief l think not. When a man, white or black, raises his hand to polute our women, then, Is iynching wrong!
 The law has not seemed strong enough, so far to stop 1t, and until it does lynch ing will go on among those people who hold in high esteem the purity and hon. or of their wives and their daughters. It has been said of our Northern neighbors that they do not hold the honor and puri- ty of their women in as high esteem as we South do. Be that as 1t may, that Is their business. It Is ours to protect our women in the way we think most effec- tive It is so sasy to take a healthy view of our neighbours troubles, but when you want to gage wrong, put yourself in the place of the man who commits 1t. The man who assaults a woman is a brute, he Is an outlaw. He shows no mercy, and deserves none; and so long as capital punishment is legalized. so long will mankind take 1t in their own hands. when aroused by assaults on their women.
 It is all right to vindicate the majesty of the law, so long as you value that more than you do your women. Our women are defenseiess, their protection