The Wisconsin tobacco reporter. (Edgerton, Wis.) 1877-1950, 1901-10-18
DEEP SEA CURRENTS.
MYSTERIES OF THE OCEAN THAT
HAVE PUZZLED THE SCIENTISTS.

OF the Gulf and Other Streams-Are
They the Product of Immense Sub
marine Geyserss
For more than a century scientists
and philosophers have been vainly try
ing to discover the origin and cause of
the mysterious current in the Atlantic
ocean called the gulf stream. Why so
; called is not apparent, as nothing in
the gulf Of Mexico is in it's composition.
/ There have been many theories, which
! have been abandoned, some perfectly
absurd, such as it's being caused by the
earth in it's revolution on it's axis, for
| if it had the power to draw this stream
at the rate of five miles an hour from
the water from the east coasts of
North and South America at the same
velocity. The prevailing theory is that
the northeast trade winds drive cur
rent into the Caribbean sea and, aided
| by the feeble equatorial stream, heap
up the water in the gulf of Mexico,
thence rushing around the south of
| Florida from the source Of the gulf
stream. But there is no such heap
ing of the waters in that gulf. The
waters there are sluggish, and there is
no perceptible current leading toward
the gulf stream or anywhere else.
This theory has been accepted for
want of better, but those who favor
it are not entirely satisfied with it. The
gulf stream is an Independent body Of
water, having no connection with the
water around or behind the point
where it energies. 1t is warmer and
of a deeper blue than the surrounding
seas and gushes forth from the start
ing point off Cape Sable at the rate of
from five to six kuots an hour, with
a temperature of about 80 degrees,
lessening gradually as it proceeds on
it's journey of thousands of miles across
the Atlantic ocean, warming the west
ern shores of Europe.
Having seen the fallacy of the the
cries concerning the gulf stream, we
will turn our attention to the great Pa
cific current identical in all respects
with it's sister current of the Atlantic
and concerning which there are no the
cries to contend with.
It starts spontaneously from spot a
few miles from the south end of the
island Of FormOsa, in the Banshee
channel, following the coast of For
mosa northeasterly, past and through
the Loochoo islands, skirting the coast
of Japan; thence turns eastward on it's
long journey across the wide Pacific,
warming the coast of America from
Puget sound to Mexico. Its dark blue
waters are in striking contrast to the
surrounding seas, giving it the name OF
Murra Suar, or black water. 1t is an
independent stream where no cOmbina-
ton of winds or currents can possibly
cause the mighty rush of warm blue
water with a velocity of from five to
six knots an hour from the start.
In it's characteristics of heat, color
and direction it resembles the gulf
stream in every particular, and the
origin of the two streams must be the
same, whatever they may be, which l
shall endeavOr to show later on. There
is another ocean current similar in all
respects to the other two, with the eX-
ceptiOn that i: runs in an exactly Op-
posite direction. Starting from the vi
cinity Of the south end Of the island Of
Madagascar, it runs sOuthwesterly
around the Cape Of Good Hope, where
it disappears off Cape Lagullas. AS
current, probably part of it is diverted
into a steady set of the eastern current,
caused by the prevailing westerly
winds in that region. No scientists, SO
far as I am aware, have attempted to
account for this current. Having now
proved beyond refutation that all the
cries advanced as to the cause of ocean
currents are groundleSs, it remains to
be proved what the true cause is.
It must be admitted that the currents
have similar origin, as they are iden-
teal in every respect as regards color,
heat and velocity, springing forth in
the same manner spontaneously from
the earth in some mysterious way.
There is no place on the surface of the
earth where the water can be heated
to furnish the heat contained in these
streams that gush forth from the
depths Of the sea; consequently the
forces must be subterranean and can
only be accounted for by large bodies
Of clear, blue water from the ocean
forcing it's way into the depths Of the
earth under it's crust, where it burrows
a channel Of it's own to the surface
again, having received it's warmth on
the way by contact with the internal
heat of the lower regions of the earth,
forced on by continual pressure from
behind.
That there are orifices in the earth's
crust cannot be denied, also what be-
comes Of the vast volume of water that
cannot be computed which is constant
~ running at the rate of from four to
six knots an hour from the Atlantic
ocean, through tie strait Of Gibraltar
into the Mediterranean sea. The nu-
merous rivers, too, are continually
flowing In, and yet the sea remains at
the same level Evaporation cannot
account for it, for what is evaporated