The Hawaiian gazette., 1901-11-15

ried on In the mountain districts where
largc tracts Of fairly GOOD pasture land
have been secured The driculty has
been. aud Hiill continues 10 be. the un.
certainty OF the rainfall No attempts
have been made to raise crops Tor faiicn-
ing purposes. \ few Of thc stuckmcn
have made efforts to Improve their pad
docks by the intruduct on Ut forage
grasses. The presence OF the hornily u
a great source OF annoyance to the cat
tie. In some districts this pest L. 80 bad
that the stock will not fattcn. owing t.
the inccssant assaults OF swarins az q Is.
while the man with few head OF stock
may be able. by the application OF Ger
tain washes that are obnoxious to the
Fly, to give relief to his cattle, there
seems to be no pract cal remedy for
large herds. Fortunately the fy y not
so numerous upon the highlands ~ near
the sea The local industry u not able
to supply the meat required for con-
sumption.
THE making OF butter receives tho MT
tent.on OF some of the stockmen ownins
ranches in the mountains. Inc COWS are
partially MIXED and the balance rescrv-
ed for the calves that are kept In the
corrals about the milking sheds.
THE production of milk Is very eN-
pens!ve, for all the bran. m,ddlings and
other food stuffs have to be shipped from
the mainland. Sorghum and alfalfa are
grown for fodder, but these are INSULT
Client TO produce good flow OF milk,
unless combined with other food. MIX
sells al retail for 10 and l. cents a quart.
and from selected cows. Is cents a quart.
The warm and unvarying climate does
not seem to be conducive to the raising
Of n mllk-producing strain OF cows. BY
judicious selections for number of
years this may be accomplished, but ef-
forts along this line have, so far. shown
no appreciable results. As far as present
Information goes, there have been no
trials at cheese making. probably owing
to the fact that milk is disposed of at
such high prices.
FISHERIES.
"The status OF private fishing rights 10
not quite certain. The organic act re-
pealed all Hawaiian laws which confer.
red exclusive rights upon private per-
sons, and declared all fisheries in the
sea waters to be free to all citizens OF
the United States, subject, however, to
vested rights. A number of the most val
liable fishing rights were conveyed to In
div!duals as appurtenances to land. This
class seems clearly to come within the
term vested rights" The rema nder of
the fishing rights were conferred by stat
ute and it may well be argued that such
rights, having been created by the law
making power, are subject to be eXtin-
guished by the repeal of the law. If this
view Is so..nd. congress having repealed
the laws, there are now no exclusive
rights except such as may have been
granted by patent or deed.
Under present conditions, some speedy
action must be taken to prevent the
wanton destruction of the food fishes OF
the Territory.
I'm former years the fishing was done
almost exclusively by Hawaians. The
great majority of the fishermen are now
Japanese, and to their method of fishing
is chargeable the very marked diminu.
ton Of the fish supply BY fish ng In the
shallow waters with nets of small meshes
many of the young fry are destroyed
Their favor!te way of fishing Is to have
a net from COO to 1000 feet in length. with
n mesh not exceeding half inch and in
the center a large bag or trap lined with
mosquito netting. and with a boat at
either end they sweep the bays and In
let's, taking everything In reach OF the
net. even to the smallest fish but few
days old. This practice means the rapid
destruction of the, fish supply yet a bill
introduced in the last legislature to linz
1t the size of mesh to no, less than one
inch failed to receive any consideration
further than first reading. The objection
to the bill was that 1t would prohibit
the catching OF several varieties of small
fish of which the Hawaians are very
fond. In retaining this privilege the de-
struction of a large number of the more
important fish is made certain. recon-
mend that a special agent OF the Fish
Commission be located In the Territory
and that proper restrictive measures be
put In force at an early date. '''
"a. PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.
1.-The progress OF public instruction
has been upon the whole satisfactory,
although the department has been seri-
ously hampered for want of sufficient
funds for the erection of necessary school
buildings to accommodate the increasing
school population. FG
industrial schools are receiving the at
tenton of the department. A tract OF
land Of 1888 acres has recently been set
aside for "A site for the boys school. IT
Is expected that in few years this IN
sttution will be self-supporting. There
Is sufficient wet land and water for irfi-
cation to raise forage for "A small dairy
farm, as well as to furnish the necessary
vegetables for consumption. "a
The removal of the boys school from
Its present location In Honolulu to this
new tract will be followed by its occnpa
ton by an industrial school for girls,
al present lHcTe Is no lot
caring for the waits and strays OF the
female sex. .... 3
"All the schools are now conducted up
on the grade system, English being the
basis of all instruction. The grammar
and high schools located In the city of
Honolulu are fully up to similar schools
on the mainland. graduates from the
high school being accepted by several of
the universities without further eXami-
nation.
1.-THE amount of money expended for
the support of public schools during the
past year was S3O6, 1885. APP opriations
have been made for the biennial period
ending June 30, 1902, for salaries and pay
rolls. SG52. s62J0 For current expenses,
$l99.025.
IRRIGATION.
THE results from irrigation In the cul-
tivatlon of sugar cane Is very maraked:
In fact, the great majority of the plan
tations are entirely dependent upon il