The San Francisco call., 1901-10-29
{ COLONIES OPEN
WAY FOR TRADE
DR.. Reinsch Says America
Stumbled Upon Good
Fortune.
Professor of Political Science
Lectures to Students
Of Stanford.
Special Dispatch to The Call.

STANFORD UNIVERSITY, Oct 2S-
DR.. Paul S Reinsch. professor of political
science in the University of Wisconsin
delivered to-day the first of series of
four lectures on World Politics" to be
given before the students of Stanford
University. taking for his subject The
New Imperialism" DR.. Reinsch said in
part
During the two decades from 1850 to 1870
hardly q statesman in England, France or
Germany was enthusiastic on the subject of
colonies. At this time Gladstone and other
English statesmen looked forward to the ulti-
mate separation Of the British colonies from
the mother country and they believed such ac-
ton advisable John Bright. in speaking of
Canada said that il would be allowed TO choose
It's course-either to separate from or remain
with the mother country. The statesmen OF to-
day AXE far different view
There may be said TO be FIVE stages in the
cultural stage. where the clan was paramount;
secord q, the stage OF caste feudal society;
third the city stage as first developed in
Greece, where aristocratic caste privileges were
discarded and all freemen were equal, with
the rover not extending beyond the city's linn
cities or States were united Under Political
leaoers-princes and kings-the unity being ter
ritorial and artificial; fifth, the national stage,
IN watch the world powers are to-day.
The English Liberalists believe in the fourth
terference is the basis Of Liberalism-hence the
doctrine Of free trade We are gradually
govern
ment is a mere mechanism and are recogniz-
ing The fact that We are integral parts OF the
The idea that there will be a world unity is
looking far into the future TO be politically
prSclcal. National imperialism is a new de-
NelOpment, Dut IL does not lead OF necessity
u a wOrld-stste. Roman imperialism had as
its core city-state and its aim the con-
system is the national state National inper-
ialisIn recognizes a number Of national sys-
TENS.
What are the motives operative in bringing
about the development from the national state
TO national imperialism? Colonization has heen
deemed as the exertion OF ir3f1nerce h11 ,o Dee
highly civilized state over less highly civil
tied state with the purpose of eleyating the
latter. Migration of Chinese to the United
States is not colonization, therefore nor is the
migration OF an entire nation to a new demain.
national Imperialism are: Overpopulation. mis-
sionaries, the adventuresome spirit of individ-
uals, commerce. communication, industrial de-
Nelopment, direct occupation Of territory with
the idea Of enlarging the national power. Over
.iIsL DCt II keeps uo colonies once organized.
missionaries are OF far greater Importance. In
case Of nations having low forms of religion
MISSIONARIES can often have direct influence
on he government. In countries like China
and India, however. their influence is more
lnclrect because Of the large number of persons
70 infiueace and the strong pre-established re-
ligicn- The murder OF missionaries has often
LED to the conquest Of territory
Individual adventure is a most important mo-
i've IN the expansion Of European interests.
Commercial expansion is another important
extent struggle for markets. All nations
began making the commerce Of their colonies
the exclusive possession Of the mother country.
WITH the growth Of Liberalism these restric-
tions fell and by 1850 the policy Of free trade
was IN tuu sway Recently. however. the ar
gument that commerce follows the nag has
beer made, rev1ving the old idea Statistics
show that the greater commerce is between
rival nations, consequently it would be utter
folly TO chop OF the trade of other nations in
order TO secure the colonial trade.
Connuni ca tion-that is forming lines of
nmerce-atIects 1ai greatly national expansion.
The acquisition Of Porto Rico, Hawaii and the
Philippines is important in that these points
are necessary in completing lines of com
TnunicatiOn- The United States has been r,ar-
ticu- arly fortunate in stumbling upon such pos
sess ons as she has acquired in the Philippines
and Hawaii.
Communication with Asia is most important
70 US at present because our trade will be with
Asia, not with Europe The islands coal
ing stations and bases Of naval supplies are
OF Infinite Importance for protection of our line
OF communication.