The evening times., 1901-05-04

besides furnishing labor would pave the
way for a future population ut aatIVe-borE
Hawaiis1ns iUaiStiuEuishahIe from the
q atorigIual parents EuI Mr. Wyliie- Min
lister Of Fore su Affairs. saw danger ahead
In such project He feared the numeri-
cal superiority of the angriciu=S over the
whites. ana did not believe they would de
vote themselves Wiling. y To work. unless
under contract under J-lz act Tor She gov
eminent rf masters and servants. as was
done with the Chinese
Nothing came out of this couJroversy-
SIlall mp TIaLlguS yt coolies continued At
first their labor was very satisfactory. Not
understanding the iauEUaEe nor the char
5cteT or the work required. friction be
Cured But the lahUTers gradually i'm
proved
In 1866 occurred the convention between
China. England, and Fra nee. at which
the right 10 draw labor from Chinese
ports was exclusively restricted to treaty
powers Tho Hawaiian Kingdom was not
a treaty power. and therefore had TO
transact all future business under the
protection OF foreign flag and through
foreign firm.
This restriction turned again the at
I. tenuon Of the board TO Polynesia. where
settlers and not merely hands for the
planters might be obtained but upon fur
/ ther investigation the plan was abandon
In 1869 two eminent persons were sent
on an expedition with two ships to visit
the various isles Of the Pacific and At
iantIe to secure if possible voluntary la
boTeFS for the Kingdom One ship return
ed with Il cargo from Caroline and Hum
phfeE Islands. having visited many others
without success.
These immigrants were cleanIv- inteIIi-
gent, doclIc. Christian speaking q Ian
guage similar to Hawaiian. The other
Sh5D brought cargo from the Danger
ISlstiluS- jhese were far from being sat
iSl&CtcTy 10 their subsequent employers
many Of whom We're ultimately released
ana returned TO their native Islands.
Tor
controversy arose as to the class of fJI-
tuTe immigrants. Great GisSa risractFoTG
was ieit by the King and council at the
large number of Chinese already in the
Islands, since they desired Immigrants
more nearly related to the Hawaifans An
anu-cooEe party consisting chiefly of me
cAailieS and tTadeSnen. strongly opposed
lne turtheT INTRODUCTION of Chinese by the
/ sugar planters Mass meetings were held
with NeTdICJS against the Chinese and in
! Ia\or or the South Sea Islanders or OF her
Z races eChDOlogiCaIfy related Efforts were
made to secure immigrants from India
( Japan and Malaysia. and the Dutch and
English East Indies. All proved abortive
slJeI nuch discussion diplomacy. and a
large expenditure of tine and money. ex-
cePt with Japan. After much DELAY and
lPnS and specific contracts q shin load of
/ ia iaHeSa reached the Islands in 1868
new and untried system of co-oDera-
u = LiDGI was introduced CO q small scale
/ ~ iN'' inirty white men from the States
were earned over 10 labor on the pIauta-
7 ugnS 10 receive as compensation one-haIf
OF the crop made On account Of drought
lleNperlence, etc, the cooperative eyDe-
r1IneuJ was far from being q decided sue
cess
IN 1878. the first batch Of Portuguese
from Madeira, was landed in Honolulu.
LoloWed soon after by q cargo of South
sea islanders. all of whom proved sat
( lSIactoTy to the planters In 1881 two
vessels fIIled with NOrwegianS arrived
In 1855 after favorable treaty with
! Japan had been ratified. the Introduction
on q large scale of japanese Iaborers 1In-
der the contract system began which
( continued up 70 the aRRexatiOn Of the isl
. andS 10 the United Sta SteS
Several large Carsyzs of Portuguese
from the Madeira Islands were also land
ed IN Honolulu duTtng the year
Since 1855 UP to the ,inle OF. annexation
the introduction OF Chinese. Japanese. and
Portuguese has been made 10 meet the
wants Of the islands The japanese and
Portuguese have been brought in mainly
on contract and having completed the
time of service required by the latter they
nave either renewed service OF been re-
turned to their homes The Chinese have
always come on their own accord.
IN studying the history Of immfgra-
ton TO the islands II is difficult to con-
ceIve Of a country that the bureau of i'm
migration and the planters have not con-
SIdered as a source Of supply of labor
They have repeatedly been disappointed
but they have persisted with zeal and
an energy worthy Of the highest tyne Of
intelligence -