The Montgomery advertiser., 1901-07-13
HOW TO LEARN SPANISH
(By George F. McKibben, A. M., Pro- lessor of Modern Languages in
 Denison University.)

lessor of Modern Languages in
 Denison University.)
 LESSON I.
 1. The language which We are to study is called by those who use 1t the Castilian, el castellano. or the Spanish. el espanyoi. The first name is more commonly ,used. especially in spanish America. In geographical extent 1t Is next to the English and Russian. In numbers those who speak it in Spain and her adjacent colonies. in Spanish America and the islands of the Vest ern Pacific are about 60. 0.000. 900. less sev- eral millions in South America and tie Philippine Islands. who use more fa- miliarly the various native tongues. g. ?. Many peculiarities of the Spanish as spoken in the maritime provinces Cf Catalunya, Galicia, Andalusia and in Estremandura. were carried to the Western Hemisphere. These peculiari- ties and the influence of the Indian tongues affect. to be sure. the vocab- ulary and few sounds. but general usage among the educated shows, ev- anywhere great uniformity. Our pur- pose is to introduce the learner to the tleIueHtB ok ttliS tOAAlAbSh Sk0hASAAs which is everywhere substantially the same. This once gained. the acquisition of a special vocabulary for commer- cial or technical purposes. for travel and literary study will present no difficulty to alert persistence. with the help of books and teachers. At present no textbook is required. though small dictionary may expedite the for nation of a vocabulary.
 8. With few exceptions the letters are the same as in English. The addi- tional characters. ch. Il. TT and n topped by the tilde or double curve are pecu- liar. The latter character. no being found in typesetting machine Fonts. will. to facilitate printing. be indicated by printing ny instead of topped by the tilde. F. g., espanyol. instead of espanol. It should be noted that this substitute. ny. always represents the recommendation of n with the tide. The Spanish spelling is practically phonetic. The only letters that seriously modify their sounds because of position are c. and u: ,. q. and vary iA sound. but much less.
 4. In the first column below are the Spanish letters; to the right and op- ros.te each one Is an equivalent Eng fish letter, or a description of the sound, if this does not exist in English. The Spanish letters and their equiv alent sounds:
 As in far.
 B-when medial. like V; when initial. like b, but without pressure of the lips.
 C-When before a consonant or a strong vowel Ca, O, u). like k; but be- fore a weak vowel, like tn in think. In general, however. in Spanish Amesica before or 1 sounds like in thistle.
 Ch-As in church.
 D-When initial. like d, but without pressure of tongue against teeth when medial or final. like tn in than. E--A in ate. but like e in there before final n or r. especially the latter. F-As in fife.
 G-Before a consonant or a strong vowel Ga. O, u). like in go but be- fore weak vowel (e, i,) nearly like German oh.
 H-Practically silent. I-As in marine.
 J-Nearly like German ch. K-As in kite. L-As in tale.
 Ll-Lli as in brilliant, but tends to . sound like that of y in beyond. M-<AS HI HldHy.
 N-As in not. N topped by tilde-Ni as in union or ny as in lanyard.
 O-As in rope.
 P-As in rope.
 Q-Found only in the combination qu. which sounds like k, not like qu in quart.
 R-when medial, like in very. but more strongly rolled when initial or after b. l, n or g.
 Rr-Very strongly rolled everywhere: like French or German r. S-As in thistle: nevev like our s. T-As in time.
 U--When 1t begins a diphthong, like " in was; when alone as vowel or at the end of diphthong. like co in boot. It is often silent, serving only to indicate that the preceding g is hard Oike g in go) before or i. V-As in five.
 W-As in was. but like in German words.
 X-As in six. but tends to sound like in thistle, especially in the prefix ex. VI as in marine, but when 1t begins a diphthong like y in yard. . z-Th as in think, but even in Spain, outside of Castile, 1t tends to sound
 lke s Tn LnlSJle ana IS generally so pronounced in Spanish America.
 It should be noted that Spanish has few double letters and that these, ex- cepting TT. do not represent double sounds. The peculiarities of pronoun- citation and vocabulary that character ize Cuba and Mexico in particular will be treated at the end of this course. 5. Besides the tilde, the double curve over tine n, the acute accent and the diaeresis are often found. Though be- cause of the limitations of typesetting machines neither acute accent nor dia- eresis is produced in these lessons, the rules for their use are given below.
 l. The diaeresis stands over the first of two successive vowels and resolves a diphthong or shows that the vowel u is not a mere sign that the preceding Is hard-arguir, to argue; ell aguero. the omen.
 2. The uses of the acute accent may be summed up as follows: (a) It serves arbitrarily to designate the proposition a, to, and the two second forms of the conjunctions, e, and, u, or, instead of and o, the usual forms. (b) It serves to distinguish many words of the same form, but of different meaning-aun. yet. still, from aun, even: el. he, from el, the; mas, more, from mar, but; SC, know, from SC. ones self; tu. thsu. from tu, thy, and many others. The in-