The sun., 1901-11-03

astical estates which were permanentl,
secularized. These estates were for N.
most part given over TO Protestant princes
or at least 70 such as were ready 20 breat
with Rome. Roman Catholicism lost every.
thing in the nature of effective secular
protection through Germany. except in
the case OF Dalberg, who secured from,
Napoleon the primacy Of Germany. and
retained for a time Us all ecclesas,ic
Prince such portions of the former elec.
toral principalities of Mayence, TrAva.
and Cologne as were on the right han,
OF the Rhine. By authorization of the
imperial -deputation" held at Rati.bon
In 1908, the estates OF oil chapters, mouas.
teries and abbeys passed into the hand.
OF the secular authorities, to be used for
the support Of worship, education and IN,
like public interests, or for reestahEsb.
ing the public finances.
In consequence Of these measures thers
was widespread eclipse OF faith amons
Roman Catholics throughout Germany
Quasi-independent German States liza
Bavaria initiated their French master,
and negotiated concordats OF their own
which, however. were never signed In
Italy and Spain, also, at least two-third,
of the mon asteries and converts wera
closed, their estates were confiscated
and the clergy in general were forced 10
accept secular control or to renounce their
functions. During the whole Napoleonio
period the secular power arrogated tbs
right TO exercise ecclesiastical functions
and DR.. Sloane points out that the memory
OF those days survives in every European
capital as the suggestion Of a possible
solution of knotty problems at acute crises.
The power Of the papacy has never been
the same since the First French Empire
1t is recognized, however, by the author
Of this book that in France itself. as tina
went on, Bonaparte felt himself so strong
that little by little the rigorous grasp oi
statutory law upon the Catholic Church
was relaxed, In the first year Of the
Concordat only 100000 was appro-
pristed for the support Of the Roman
Church: by 1907 the sum had been increased
to ss,OO0oO0 In the same interval. more
over. considerable portions OF the eccle-
siastical estates had been restored 10
Church uses. Even stranger things had
meantime occurred. The radical mem-
bers Of the National Institute had been
reduced to inactivity. The Imperial Uni
versity had been instructed TO base all
education on Catholic principles Ma
poleon's own hand had written Catholic
where Christian had been first sug-
gested. The schools OF the Christian
Brethren had been reorganized as an offset
to the secular primary schools. The rules
as to religious professions had been re-
laxed. the republican calendar had been
abolished and. although without specific
authorization, certain religious commun-
ties had been retstablished and tolerated
In view of these facts DR.. Sloane con-
cedes that French Liberals are justified
in their contention that the Concordat
was reactionary measure. He acknow-
edges that the absence Of sectariaulsm
within the Roman Church was never more
conspicuous than it has been since the
Concordat. and that. until the recent law
provoked by the Jesuits and Passonists
was passed by the French Parliament.
the religious associations had never been
more powerful in France. while secular
both secondary and primary,
had never been less influential than it was
a few months ago. He is convinced how
ever. that the extraordinary power and
wealth of uncontrolled and invading re-
ilkiOur IONfI anu NtdltH WHICH
the Radicals regard as a menace to civil
and. consequently have re-
solved TO extinguish by the law against
religious associations-wa unforeseen bv
the makers Of the Concordat. In 1901
the monasteries had been s1nhilatcd.
and their reorganization seemed impos,i-
BILE No provision. therefore, was made
against a contingency OF which no ono
The unexpected came 20 pass,
however. and the religious orders. which
but Yesterday conducted the education
Of the upper classes almost conclusvely,
cared for the sick very extensively and
printed the most widely circulated journals
in the country, were able TO defy all 6u-
thority except that OF Rome, because they
had been unknown in France In 1901
The Morse lectures. on which the book
before us is founded, were delivered hv
DR. Sloane before the bill against religious
associations was submitted 70 the Cham
ber Of Deputies Already, however, he
expressed the belief that such powers
as were exercised within the State by ne
teaching orders would. eventually h
placed in some measure under State con.
troll" He added With a presclenos which
has been justified 10y the event Should
a new and more comprehensive ConcordAI
he substituted for the old. a. q supplement
IN the Avticiss OrgdniqUss he enacted into
law controlling th. new orders, the present.
system may take Err lease
u life Otherwise, Franc, must move
onward Ca complete difostAblishm"n'
Ia an appendix to this volume will 10
'uund reproduced ths text - the toncnriai
ind - ,h. Organic Articles - tur I'H"o
fult II u worth noting that ih' ufga'o Q
Artiol.s assigned even lover ra.ar'r -
lac m-ml-fs of the French lms"'pas
han had b-on allotted by IN. ,uusl'Ia .
fam.d by the NstiOnsl Assembly ln.F
lat Constitution th. pans Msrrui i".'an
Sas 90 r~o-ivs 1000 franc all ..trf
bishops from t~enty 10 twelve tlH. .Ha..',
.nountins o. thor inporano- itcr 80
''il-nds represented al .nornJus i'Ia..'
son - episcopal revenues ih' ufs.
Anl"los, ho~es"f. save AT0hils..|r 3
10 'sS ffanns y.aI, ahd hsi.lF
oisD ifans- ~ tho uau,r aif ..r
wiofs of rtfts ~"iu dINiri H.. 'sf
ias.'s th,.-a - ih' hfsl .ass a.
ta'si,r 90 ifanos atl tI..-r y ..#