The Washington times., 1901-12-01

/ thrift. The diyersification of industries
/ and the individual ownership of land by
| the natives also develop habits of in.
! dustry and Increase their earning pow
/ er. In those industries which require
I large establishments and a steady labor
supply. such as sugar, tobacco, and cof-
fee. or in the construction of great pub
lie works. part of the labor supply has
been in some colonies obtained from
other sources. but as a rule native la
Dor. when properly stimulated by the
methods above referred TO, prove suffi-
cient for the requirements of the col
ony.
''5.-How are the necessary funds for
the conduct of the colonial govern
ment raised, and is any part of such
funds supplied by the home Gov
ernment?
THE funds for the conduct of the
colony are raised by methods similar to
those utilized in the mor9 advanced
communities of the world. In most
cases customs duties supply a larger
share OF the revenues than any other
single item. In a few instances, nota-
bly, India and lava, the ownership of
land is retained by the Government, the
land being leased To the natives at
low rental under leases usually renew
able perpetualiy, and a large share of
the revenue is obtained from these
sources The colonies are required to
raise sufficient revenue to meet all their
expenses, both Of current a,lministra-
ton and permanent improvem aSts, and
in many cases the railroads, telegraph
lines. etc, are also constructed from
public funds and owned by the colony
Commercial Relations.
''6.-The commercial relation between
the colony and the mother country;
its ability to supply the articles re-
quired in the home country and to
absorb those produced for export by
the mother country and the extent
to which the tariff and other regula-
lions between the colony and the
mother country are adjusted to en-
courage this mutual interchange.
THE principal productions of the
colony are usually raw materials and
natural food products, and these are
usually the principal importations of
the mother country. The principal pro-
ductiOns % the mother country are
manufactures ard prepared food prod
uCts, and these are also the principal (
importations Of the colony. This is es-
pecially the case If the colony is located
in the tropics and the mother country
in the temperate zone. A free inter !
change of products between the two
communities thus mutually dependent /
upon each other for necessary supplies
and necessary market for the surplus
of each is therefore essential. This /
condition. coupled with the growth of
facilities for cheap and rapid transpor. |
tation and intercommunication, has led !
in many cases to the removal of Festric- /
tive tariffs between the mother coun- !
try and The colony for the encourage !
ment OF the same free interchange be- |
tween the colony and them0ther country |
as that which exists between the States /
or provinces Of the mother country it. |
self. Specific articles, however, such as |
sugar, Tor example. which the mother
country produces OF may Rroduce, are
excepted from this general system. /
This is especially true in countries hav-
ing Il high tariff In lOw-tariff coun- /
tries which already admit most of the
products of all countries free Of duty,
the tariff regulations naturally make no
determinations relative TO the products
Of the colony, and those of the colony
make no discrimination relative to the
mother country, except in the case of
Canada. which grants to the products
Of the United Kingdom and certain of
the British colonies a reduction Of one
third In tariff rates