The daily morning journal and courier., 1901-08-14
rain. His skull is now in the Harvard

I surrounding the cord can be Satel
 made. No complete cross section, n
 matter how small, can be removed fror
 the cord without paralysis of all part
 beyond, although limited portions
 the cord have been removed in the in
 cison of tumors and in other operations
 One may continue living, too with tn
 loss of his pharynx, oesophagus, an
 trachea; but these involve substitu
 tions There are, besides, many part
 of the body which can be temporarll,
 removed in whole or in part, and groV
 upon being replaced in their origina
 site. An interesting form of tn
 osteoplastic method of operating, ap
 plicable to bone covered regions, i
 known as the osteoplastic flap, in which
 for instance, a horseshoe shaped incis
 ion is made through the soft parts dowr
 to the bone, along the curved line O
 the horseshoe, which is then, along tho
 same line, chiselled or sawn through
 then, without detaching the soft parts
 from the bone, the entire flap of bono
 and adherent soft parts Is snapped back
 across the imaginary line between the
 free ends of the horseshoe, as upon g
 hinge, thus revealing the structures be- heath. At the end of the operation the | osteoplastic flap Is turned back into it's natural position where, in the ma jority of cases, it grows without mis- hap. In still other operations portions
 of bone may also be entirely removed
 from all connections, temporarily kept 1 in tepid, sterile salt solution during the remaineder of the operation, and then | 6,o11 ic in frn- phining.
 1 All the organs furnish examples of l structures which may be surgically in- l vaded by incision and the lips of the | wound subsequently, closed by nature. The heart is the only organ whose cav- | ity has not been deliberately cut into, though even it has been entered by a hollow needle, and it's walls have been sutured. This, of course, is not an eX- | ample of a total or even partial remov- al of the organ itself.
 As for the parts of the body capable of transpantation from the original site to different site in the same in dividual, they are many. Skin may be
 made to grow upon sites most distant from those whence taken: nose may
 
 arm having been sewed to the nose un- til union occurs; the forearm may be covered with skin obtained by raising Q bridge of skin from the front of the abdomen, adherent at both ends, slip ping the arm through, suturing in po- sition, as in a sling, and wearing it there until the abnormal skin has grown to the forearm, and then cutting it down. one leg may be similarly cov- cred by being temporary sutured to, the opposite leg. Detached gratis of skin may also be taken from distant parts of the body.
 Portions of bone, too, may be made to grow in positions more or less re- mote from their origin. The bony framework of the nose may be formed from the bone of the finger, or by split ting the bone of the forehead and turn ing it down. Muscles may be severed from their natural connections, where less needed, and sutured into para lyzed or imperfectly acting muscles, the functioning of which is of greater importance. Sound nerves may be similarly gnafted upon impaired ones, or split and one half engrafted upon the imperfect nerve and the other half left to perform its original function. h. testines may have their upper end short-circuited into the stomach sever al feet lower down in it's length than normal; and the lower orifce of the intestinal canal may be made to open upon the lower portion of the abdomi- nal wall. either towards the front or above the hipbone-or may even open upon the upper portion Of the thigh. The gall-gladder, instead of opening by it's natural channel into the intes- tine about four inches from the stom- ach may be "buttoned" into the intes- tinal canal several feet from the stom- ach and there empty its bile. Kidneys may be displaced from their normal position ("foating" kidneys). and be tied back to their own or an adjacent | site
 Many parts of the body are capable | of transplantation from the original site in one individual to correspond | ing or different site in another individ- ual Skin, bone, muscles, tendons, | nerves, thyroid-gland and ovaries have been successfully transplanted by | a variety of interesting operations; | more than this, various parts of the | body can be replaced by corresponding | parts from the lower animals. Gaps | and deficiencies in the bpny structure l If the human being are sometimes filled | n with either fresh bone removed at the time of the operation from lower animal, or decalcified portions of the thigh bone of an OK. Crafts into the of human tendon are also made from the lower anl- nals; nerves may be similarly used. | Where it is necessary to remove the sntire thyroid gland, a portion of a 'heep's thyroid gland is generally sub in order to supply secretion he individual absolutely neds in order o retain health. Where the animal or ,uman thyroid is not engrafted, only he daily use of the thyroid as food will ! .lable the patient to retain health in many cases.
 Detciences of the skull are sometimes filed in with metallic guttapercha, or elluoid plates, which are fitted into he gaps under the skin. In the hol- ow bones solid celluloid rods are some ines used Most satisfactory jointed rms and legs are now supplied, capa- le ov very complex functions. One nay wear eyes made of glass, and eff e chooses) teeth previously extracted rom other people, or manufactured Cars, nose, palates, and lower jaws nay be replaced with various substi- utes A very satisfactory larynx is
 IL l