The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1901-12-22

sequent progress OF thc '"ss "
British naval heroes. II 10 pointed out OF
page s7S that Earl st. Vincent rendered
three great services to England. Ihe nn'
was the forming and disciplining the Medi-
t~erranean feet until II was brought close
10 perfection. Into 1t. thus orgahi1eu
he breathed the spirit which, taking its
rise from the stern commander himseii'
rested upon a conviction Of power amply
justified in the sequel by Cape st. Vincent
and the Nile, it's two greatest achievements
The second was the winning OF the battle
OF st. Vincent at a most critical political
moment. The third was the suppression
OF mutiny in 1907 and 1903 Our author
adds that "in estimating the man. these
great works are not to be considered as
isolated from the past and the future.
They were the outcome and fruitage OF a
character naturally strong. developed
through long years OF patient. sustained
devotion to the ideals Of discipline and
professional tone, which in them received
realization. Faithful in the least, Jervis,
when the time came. was found faithful
also In the greatest. Nor was the future
confined to his own personal career. Though
he must yield to Nelson the rare palm OF
genius, which he himself cannot claim.
vet wa the glory Of Nelson, from the Nile
to Trafalgar. the fair flower that could
only nave bloomed upon the rugged stalk
Of Jervis's navy"
The british Empire. Past and Future
In the large octave volume entitled
Imperium ct Liberals, by BERNARD HOLLAND
Uondon, Edward Arnold, We have a col
lection Of studies Of the evolution OF the
British Empire. beginning with the Ameri-
can Revolution and concluding with an
exposition OF the questions now at issue.
OF especial interest are, first, the chapters
in which are traced the successive steps
by which self-government was conc led
to Canada: and. secondly, the parag. hs
in which the author discusses the cardinal
! provisions of the Australian Commonwealth
| act. These sections OF the book may be
read proftably in connection with the
I appendices which set forth verbatim the
Canadian Federation act Of 1867 and the
Australian Federation act OF 1900. From
the facts brought together in this volume
Mr.. Holland draws the final deduction that,
IL there are now nations within the British
Empire which, while freely managing their
| own affairs, have no formal means of taking
: part in the general councils and sharing in
the burdens of the Empire, this fact IA
contrary TO the governing principles OF
the British polity. and can only he n tenn
! porarv phenomenon, comparable 70 the
| non-representation OF large towns which
existed before the first Reform act, We
should note in passing that, according 10
the authors definition Of the word nation
the Poles. although they lack political
independence. and. outside OF Austria,
even local autonomy. do. nevertheless.
constitute q nation. Mr.. Holland prefers, he
he saws. 10 use the word in the sense OF
"a natural community of men on a sufi-
GENTLY large scale. whether or not they
possess legal personality and govern
mental form. A nation is an aggregation
of men usually based i'm the beginning
upon some degree OF affinity of race, md
distinguished from other eg~sregations by
certain sentiments Of greater union among
themselves. These sentiments are due to
original kinship maintained 10y constant
intermarriagc. to geographical position.
language. religion (some or all 81 these ele-
, mentsI, hut above, all 10 a community OF
history. And IL must not Ne forgotten that
a nation can be made by a process Of bitter
suffering. defeat. subjection, regret and
disa IA well as by a successful
prosperous and glorious career. Nor can
a nation once so fashioned. be unmnde.
nor can existence cease with misfortune.
In an Introductory chapter MIR Holland
marks the series Of changes Ia the meaning
Of the word -colcny- from the viewpoint
% the British Government. We are re-
minded that highlands colonial policy
AZ first apprcxinatet to the Roman con
ception Of a colony. English subjects
in America were deemed 20 b" IN the full
sense Of the word ENGLISH subjects II
distance reverted them from exercising
their f.ll privilege a. ~citlz@ns. such a. No'-
ing for representatives in The national
parliament. they were no worse on than a
majority 81 British subjects AZ home,
ike the latter. the former acre held 90 be-
subject TO all laws and even taxation which
rhe ma ipuhl parliament might see ~ 20
inpo-e upon them After this way Of
looking a, the matter had led 10 the Amori-
can Revolution. Ihg,and'- cnlpnial theory
tended 10 duft, though slowly, tpNari
th. Greek conception 81 a colony h'r
catrse in that direction has seen arrested
hall way. however A Dpira. British ool-
ouy a crown ,pl,uy, SCALED b. 80 luugrr
typiral 10 nov virtually. though not iu
strict theory a. indrp~ud"ui STATE iu OH
mAft.Ir tia' .sun.ur .- h"ule anain
o. furr.su aTaIr-. VIVA ,"r uf4ruo- o.
.uIufy nay manage 60 - 'f,irr uIHuu ths.s
,uudlHt. o. 10 guided ari controlled ~
ihs siair-mru Irresponsible solely ip mo
o.uifal parliament ~ The I Ii'ei Kingdom
Ihls s,sisn. h.srttr. ssvuts F-rlf tu ts
yFitg vaY isfurr a lee oH4nrltlun. TIA
namely 81 inI ~nal f-i"ralun Ihs pc
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