Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1901-02-19
their actions under the penalties de-
clared in this article.
Apply Particularly to Manila.

their actions under the penalties de-
clared in this article.
Apply Particularly to Manila.
IIT.-The remarks embodied in the
foregoing article II apply with spec
ial force to the city of Manila, which
is well known as a rendezvous from
which an extensive correspondence is
distributed to all parts of the Archi-
pelago by sympathizers with and by
emissaries of the instruction. All
persons in Manila or elsewhere are
again reminded that the entire Archi-
pelago, for the time being, is neces-
sarily under the rigid restraints OF
martial law, and that any contribution
of advice, information or supplies; and
all correspondence, the effect of which
is to give aid, support, encouragement
or comfort to the armed opposition in
the field, are fragrant violations of
American interests, and persons so
engaged are warned to conform to the
laws which apply to occupied places
as herein set forth.
Newspapers Warned.
calls of Manila, being Of issue in an &C.
cupied place, are especially admonish-
ed that any article published in the
midst of such martial environment,
which by any construction can be
classed as seditious, must be regard
ed as intended to injure the army of
occupation, and as subjecting all con-
nected with the publication to such
punitive action as may be determined
by the undersigned.
Defines GueriIlas.
~. Men who participate in hostil-
tiles without being part of regularly
organized force, and without sharing
continuously in it's operations, but
who do so with intermittent returns
to their homes and avocations, divest
themselves of the character of SOL
diers and, if captured, are not entitled
to the privileges of prisoners of war.
1t is we'll known that many of the
occupied towns, support and encour-
age men, who habitually assume the
semblance of peaceful pursuits, but
who have arms hidden outside of the
towns and periodically slip out to take
part in guerilla war.
Inc fact that such men have not
heretofore been held responsible for
their actions, is simply an evidence OF
the solicitude of the United States to
avoid all appearance of harshness in
pacifying the islands, and not of any
defect in the law itself. The people
of the Archipelago are now instructed
as to the precise nature of the law ap-
| plicable in such cases, and are warn
| ed to mustrust leaders who not only
require soldiers to expose themselves
to the ordinary vicissitudes of cam
| paign, but insist upon duties that nee
essarily expose all who engage there
in to the possibility of trial for cap
ital offense.
War-Modern and Ancient.
War in its earliest form was an act
ure of primitive humanity and of the
forces employed, knew no bounds
Mankind, from the beginning of civil
ization, however. has tried to mitl
! gate, and to escape, as far as posi-
BILE, from the consequences of this
barbarous conception of warlike &C
ton; and to that end convention:
have been held from time to time, fol
international discussion of the Gus
toms and usages Of war, in the hopes
that some means might be devised t.
regulate by rule the beneficent in
stincts of humanity. AS a conse
quence Of such conferences, code ha
slowly evolved, which, altho uncertain
in many particulars, contains certain
fundamental principles, which hav,
been accepted and are now insiste,
upon by the public opinion of tn
world. The articles discussed in thi
paper have been adopted by all civiliz
ed nations. Their careful perusal b,
the people, it is hoped, will induce al
who are eager for the tranquilizatiol
of the Archipelago, to combine TO
mutual protection and united actor
in behalf of their own interests an
the welfare of the country.
Arthur Macarthur,
Major General u. S. Volunteers,
U. S. Military Governor in the PHILIP
pines.