Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1901-01-24
A CENTURY OF PROGRESS
Cnnrinued


DR.. Pages electric locomotive; the
Ruhmkorff coil: Helmholtz's opthalmo-
scope, Mavnards : breech- loading rife:
the Smith & Wesson. the Spencer, ard
the Henry magazine firearms the Chan
ming & Farmer fire alarm telegraph
the Watt & Burgess and the Noelter
processes for making paper pulp from
wood: Wilson's four motion feed for
sewing machines; Bessemers process OF
making steel; Hjorth's dynamo-electric
machine: Ericsson's hot air engine; Tau
uenots dry plate photography; the
Michaux bicycle; Hughes printing tele-
graph: Woodruff's sleeping car; Perkin :
aniiine dyes: Siemens' regenerative fur
mace. iron floor beams in building con-
struction: Phelps printing telegraph
first Atlantic cable: Giffard steam injec-
tor: Gardner's underground cable car
system: the discovery of coal oil in the
United States: the first use of the electric
light in a dwelling. by Farmer; launch
ing of the Great Eastern Osborne 5
process OF o-lithography; the lmproy-
ed spectroscOpe. and the hlrchhon ana
Bunsen system of spectrum analysis;
Plante's storage battery; Relacrude tele-
phone: and Cares ammonia absorption
ice machine.
The following period 1S60-1S70) inclu-
ded the civil war, but even this terrible
calamity could not arrest the momen-
tum of inventive progress. As might
be supposed, the inventions OF TINS peri
cd reflected to some extent the strife or
battle. and we find here the introduction
of Timby's revolving turret. Ericsson
iron-clad, 3" Monitor, the Gatling gun,
the white gunpowder of Schultz and OF
Dittmar. dynamite, Nobels ex,
plosive gelatine, the whitehead
torpedo. Moncrieff's disappearing
gun carriage, and the reboundlng
gun lock. The Mckay shoe-ewlng ma
chine reyolutioniZed the shoe industry.
Col. Green invented the drive well.
Otis introduced his passenger elevator,
the first barbed wire fence appeared, and
rubber dental plates were introduced.
In this period, also Louis Pasteur began
his great work in bacteriology and es-
tablished the germ theory Of disease
Martins process of making steel was In.
troduced. Wilde, Siemens and
Gramme brought ont several dynamo,
electric machines. Burleigh invented
his compressed air rock drills, and Thigh
man his sulphite process for making
wood pulp paper Oleomargarine was
produced, the Suez Canal opened, the
Pacific Railway was completed. the first
Westinghouse air brakes were devised,
the Windhausen refrigeratlng macnlnes
were brought ont. and the Mont Gems
tunnel was practically completed.
The next decade (1e70-1SSO) included
the periods of the great financial panic
in the United States and the critical
political strife incident to the contested
Presidential election. This retarded to
some extent the growth Of patents IN
numbers, but it does not seem to have ar
rested the thought of the inventor, nor t.
have affected its quality The Hoe web
perfecting press was developed, and put
10 work in the office of The New YORK
Tribune 4 great array of valuable
inventions followed, among which may
be mentioned the Locke grain binder
the Ingersoll rock drill; Stearns' duplex
telegraph; Westinghouse improved
automatic air brake; Lyalls positive
motion loom; Janneys automatic car
coupler: Edison's quadruplex telegraph
Gorbam 3 twine binder for harvesters
loves process Of making illuminatinP 2
gas from water: the roller mill and mid
dlings purifier for making -four; Pictet +
ice machine; cash carriers for stores
Prof Bells wonderful speaking tele-
phone: cigarette machinery; Edison
electric pen steam feed for saw MI
carriages; Hallidie's cable cars; Edison :
Phonograph: the Otto gas engine; Jab-
lochkoffs electric candle; Sawyer Man
electric lamp: Berliner's g telephone trans
mitter Of variable resistance; Edison :
carbon microphone; liquefaction Of oxy-
gen. nitrogen. and air by Pictet and Gail
letet the development Of the Reming
ton typewriter; Edison's electric lamp
with carbon filament; gelatino-bromide
cmulsions in photography; the Birken.
head and Rabbeth spinning spiudles;
and the Gessner cloth presses; Siemens
also installed the first electrical railway
at Berlin; and the Mississippi jettie'
were built by Capt .sads. The Lee
magazine rife, Faure's storage battery,
and Greener's hammerless gun were
other inventions Of this period.
in the next decade 1ssO-lS9O) the rad
ical inventions Of the preceding periods
had gotten well into the commercial ac-
iivities Of the national life, and this de-
cade represents the greatest epoch OF
prosperity the republic has ever enjoyed
1t added the following important Inven-
tions: Telegraphing by induction, the
Blake telephone transmitter, the Recce
buttonhOle machine, Mergenthaler
linotype machine. Cowles' electrical
proc-ss Of making a'minium. the Wels
bach gas burner. the grrphophOue. e'ec-
itic weldit by Ginu Thomson. tir
&cArthnr and FoIfe-t cyanide proc, -
Of obtaiuing gold, r, sia'- system If
ppiy phase cur. en- 4. Barvey's prpcess pf
aHnealing armor plate. De Laval srot1fy
steam turbine ti." Kodak camera. De
Chardonnet's process Of making artifici-
al silk nickel steel. Halls process OF
making aluminium, the Dudley dyna-
mite gun, photography in colors. and the
Krag- -JOrgensen magazine rifle. Great
advances were also made in explosives
aud smokelfs8 powders, among which
may be named rack a-rock, bellite, ara
cordite. In medicine, antipyrene was
brought out. while in bacteriOlogy Koch
identified the bacilli of Tuberculosis and
cholera, Pasteur the bacillus Of hydro
phobia. Loeffler the bacillus Of diphthe-
ria. and NicOlnier the bacillus of lock-
jaw. The frat American electric rail
way was installed between Baltimore
and Hampden. Flood Rock in New
York Harbor was blown mp, the Brook
1yn bridge was built, the electrocution
Of criminals ordered in New York, the
Lick telescope as erected, and in Eu-
rope the st. 3Othard tunnel and the
great Forth bridge were completed and
and opened TO traffic.
The last decade Of the century 1890
1900 is still 80 near ~ MS end is 80 filled
with invented agencies Of importance,
that selection IN rendered specially diff
cult. and only few of the most import
ant may be- named We find the Parsons
rotary steam turbine. which in itsappli-
cations in marine engines has raised the
ayprd Of smaller steam craft 10 chat Of
an express locomotive. the NOrthrup
loom. which acts almost with the discre-
ton of a thinking mind; the Acheson
process Of makipgcnrb the Yer
krs telescope. EdlsOu's skinetoscrope, and
the allied developments Of the phantas
cope. .cineuafngraph and biogrnph. whose
moving and apparently living scenes
fiji the observer with wonder and admir-,
alton of calcium carbide by Wilson
and the electric furnace for making the
same. the discovery and application Of
the K rays by Roentgen. the Krnpp ar
NOR plate the developments in liquid mr.
and apparatus for prducing II by Lude.
Tripler Dswar. OsterRren Berger. md
others. the mercerizinR Of cloth under
tension to render it silky. the Schlick
system Of balancing marine engines. the
improved disappearing gun. the practi-
cal develoment Of the bicycle and auto.
mobile. the building and launching Of
the Oceanic. - the largest steam vessel
ever produced md wireless telegraphy
by Marcpni.
These represent the most notable
agencies which have stimulated the in
dustfial progress Of the nineteenth cen