The Montgomery advertiser., 1901-10-05
HOW TO LEARN SPANISH
 By George F. McKibben, A. L
LESSON XII.


 @. The uses of the infinite mode. pres ent and perfect lenses, may be stated as
 ial The infinite appears as noun and structions of both. Example: Et unico (3) ser que compensaba Ia miseria oe III existencia era mi madre. the only petnS m, who made up for the wretcheoness on tly aa existence was my mother. Los seres cs- iestiaies, the heavenly beings: A pesar ae los pesariee. in spite of spites u, ,ecaer e. n, spite of eyerything) Ese immense pooer' that boundless power IT, LUs UsnIsr porei eiocuen- M temente es propio del orador. Conocer 2 si mismo es la mayor sabtduria. 70 khow one's self is the greatest kn9wieoge 9 anv verbs, with and without propositions Ssei ssSaSn csn come. ne Cree haber padecido. he be lieves that he has suffered: Iuiero ssr. sasr. to die. Hemos acabado de leer, we have finished reading. Los ha dejado escapar. he has allowed them to escape. NO de- jareO de hacer todo To que puedo para aiiviar su pesar para servir V, ] shall not cease to do all that l can to Tighten your sorrow and to be Of service to you.
 (c) The infnitive, usually with a prepo- sition depends on nouns and ad1ectiyes, Examples: Papel de escribir. Writing paper. Util(2) para todo, useful for ev. erything. Espacio sufciente para recibir algo space sufficient to receive rs some, a z. hacer aquella taera, he has the qualities needed for doing that task To dtgno soy de contemplate, ] am worthy to behold thee.
 (d) By the omission of the main verb the dependent inlnitive comes to stand independently. Often thus in poetry and in passages denoting emotions. Examples and ye to await me. Esta cindad que di- cen ser una marav!lla. this city which they say is a marvel !Hacer eso yo! I do that! !Haberte dejado asiO! To have left thee thus? Ioue hacer? What do! ought to have said 1t before.
 79. The uses of the participles. besides those already so abuudantly shown tho
 (a) The present participle Cor more strictly the gerund) never changes it's form and Is not employed really as an ad- jective, contrasting in both these points with the past participle.
 (b) Both particlples are used absolutely. that is. in adverbial clauses that denote time. cause. manner or means, condition, concession, etc. Examples: Habiendole sire. Dicho esto, SC fueron. this said, they went away. Estudiando SC aprende tor en estudiando etc.) by studying one learns No siendo possible hacer algo, SC sienta, sits down, Queriendo ayudar al desgra- ciado le puse en mayor peligro. though tor while) desiring to aid the unfortunate man. he put him in greater peril. Sabida Ia noticia, SC retiraron; the news learned they withdrew.
 (c) The gerund or present participle of- ten follows the proposition en- in; but the past participle often follows despues de, soon as (section 66, O, and occurs some times after para, for. Examples of the latter: No es para negado. it Is not to be denied (updeniable). Esta noticia no es para negada, this news Is not fought not) to be denied
 | (d) Some past participles are used only as present participles, that Is, as active or as adjectives. Such are atrevido, dar- creido believing. divertido, amusing. en- | tentido, knowing, intelligent, parecido similar. sufrido. patient Examples: ur libro divertido, an amusing book. Ur | hombre calledo, a silent man. Past par ticiples generally may serve as adjectives and hence as nouns. Examples: Despues de los primeros cumplidos, after the frs | compliments. La :nterr ogada, the 0ady interrogated. La Querida, the sweetheart (2) In appearance the gerund also some times appears as adjective or noun. But
 1t is really the Latin participle in-ndus
 Examples: Un curso vitando course | to be avoided. Los lihros expurgandos | books to be expurgated. Los examinan | dos. the (persons) to be examined. Note as substitutes for the two examples: Los libros que han de ser expurgados. L1o' | que han de ser examinados.
 so. Representatives and dinlinutives- l These are derivative words. nouns, adject l ives or participles. sometimes adverbs that denote the primitive as large ol l small-sometimes as expressive of Hffec- ton. at other times denoting ridicule | aversion, etc. Such derivatives are mark ed by their ending as follows:
 (a) The most frequent diminutive end ing is ito. ita Cor cito. ecito); others. but with less fondness and more depreciation l in their meaning. are lilo (cillo. ecilo) uelo (zuelo. ezuelo) etc, eta (cete. ceta) 1 ejo. eja ;tco (cico. ecico): in, ina; inyo els before receiving terminating of this kind: words in and n. especially if poly svllables: prefer ejo. eia or cito (cicoJ l cillo zuelo, cete, while monosyllables