davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Savannah morning news., 1901-02-18

A correspondent writes asking what ap-
plication is used to destroy scab on seed
potatoes. The subject is a very import
ant one. for there are few products grown
in which the average yield actually made,
as compared with the occasional yields
that are secured is proportionately so
small. OF course there are a good many
reasons for this, but leading one is the
presence of ecab in the seed, which not
only affects the amount of the yield but
also its quality and STABILITY. This is
a good time, too, for the farmer who Is
going to plant potatoes for the season.
to determine what steps he will take to
secure absolutely clean seed. Fortunately
1t is one of the points that is entirely
within the potato growers control. In
only limited way can he meet and over
come difficulties peculiar to the season,
but he can always have seed free from
scao II he will take the pains to make
1t so. There are several methods of do
ing this, and one of the cheapest and
easiest of application is by the use of
formalin. The formula is very simple
ana consists simply in mixing four
ounces of formalin with fifteen gallons Of
water aud immersing the seed potatoes
In the solution for two hours. The mix
ture can be used over and over again
until 1t is exhausted.
1t should pc remembered, though, in
connection with this question that the
treatment of the seed is not the only
precaution that must be taken i'm order
TO secure crop that shall not have scab
ON 1t. The scab fungus lives through the
winter not only on the potato, but in soil
mat has grown potatoes. II is necessary
therefore to have clean ground as well as
clean seed. If a piece of ground has grown
a crop of potatoes that had some scap
on them and potatoes that had some
on them and potatoes are again
planted in the same ground there will
be a good deal more scab on the next
crop even though clean seed is planted.
II anyone. however. will clean the seed
IN the manner above indicated and then
use only clean potato ground, preparing
new ground if necessary, he can rely upon
having clean crop when it comes to
De aug. d. F.
The Savannah morning news., 1901-02-18
ANDERsON's LABOR SYSTEM.

Concerning a statement which recently
created "a sensation in the Legislature
the Anderson Mail says: THAT member
of the Anderson delegation who told Mr..
Wolling of Fairfield that negroes were
bought ana sold here on labor contracts
can doubtless give afiidavits in abundance
to establish his statement II Is a mat
ter of common report here that this Is
constantly done. and it is also a matter
Of common rumor that many of them are
shackled and put in stockades and guard
ed and worked under guard like regular
convicts. From all that we have heard
we do not think 1t would be any trouble
to establ sh the fact by indisputable evil
dence The method OF procedure is about
this: A negro gets into debt and breaks
his contract, a warrant Is sworn out and
he is arrested and brought before the
magistrate or committed to Jail to ava
trial. In the m ant me a party goes TO
the landlord and says How much viii It
take to get that negro?' The amount be-
ing stated, the negro is seen and agrees
to enter into "a contract for sometimes n
longer period than year, the amount
due the landlord is paid, the papers are
signed and the negro is hustled Off u~der
guard TO a Stocked ard IS kent as Sc
cureiy as If he had been brought before
a magistrate, tried, convicted and SEN
fenced
The Savannah morning news., 1901-02-18

The Negro and the Mule.

why is it the negro is so successful
at managing the mule and is SO unsuc-
cessful at managing a horse?" asks the
Chicago Record. at is generally admit
ted that both these propositions are true.
The negro is a noisy driver; while he is
teaming he is constantly shouting at his
beast of burden. The mule is by no means
as sensitive to noise as the horse is; he
is less excitable and more patient The
horses excitement exhibits itself in vio-
lence, that of the mule in stubbornness.
The phrase, horse sense" is founded
upon absurd error for the horse actua. "
has very little of that which humanity
terms sense" Yet. have we right to
expect any vast amount of sense in an
to magnify objects from eight to twelve
times their actual size?
while 1t is true that the negro soon
ruins the average horse. II is not true
that ne is more successful than other
people IN the management of the mule
The mule is adapted to every class Of
driver but the negro can be adapted onlv
to the mule, and this. we suppose. Is
really why we indulge the humorous
heresy that nobcdy can get along with
the mule but the negro. The fact Is thar
the mule Is the only quadruped that can
get along with the negro"
Whether the mule was made for the ne
gro or the negro for the mule Is a ques-
ton not 70 be settled "off-hand' By any
idle speculation. but from some extended
observation Of late years we are impelled
20 the decision that the negro ana the
OK II a far happier combination 'han the
mule ana the same citizen.
The Savannah morning news., 1901-02-18

pulled at by fish and other enemies untl
they grow savage. and try to fight BAGS
grow new head so many times that they
are evolving toward the next higher cor
dition, that makes them want to tlgH
back when needlessly diaturb, d. In shors
the angle worm in his humble way
learning the knowledge of good and eyA
and as he finds one end give way to tns
destroyer it keeps that as his fighting
head until it can grow a new one
The angle worm eats any KIND of or
ganic matter, animal or veg table ans
as it Is dlgested the excretions are dl~
charged into the soil from the segmcnH
between the joints i'm its body. Its my
ton is only "a wriggling that enables
to crawl. In mucky land, if dry. tt
angle worm will grow very large 'io
these are always seized by the biggeH
fishes. The little fishes . often seem
afraid of the big fishes that hover neal
who like little fish as a change of die,
If nothing more. Fish are the main iool
of the big fish. that eat both angle worms
and the lower animal life of the ocea'
as their main sustenance.
In deep waters below where the waves
can reach there is a Shiny ooze that
the food of countless bill ons of ANNA.
culae when some of it Is caught up ny
waves and washed to shallow shores ana
stranded there. A good deal Of 30 ta'
is made over these grldua ly Fl leJ "
lands. Man has done some Of this WorN
for himself, but nature is dong far N r.
than man. 1t Is by the serious couteHr
plation of such facts as these thar me.
are taught how little of natures secIeN
they know, and by being kept IN a'
humble frame of mind arc better pr
pared to do good work in the world
The Savannah morning news., 1901-02-18
Deepening the Soil.

sAnthe dry land Of the earth. ana also
the boys and marshes which line the
coasts of oceans and great bodies Of wa
ter. was originally finely ground rock.
mixed with other mineral matter chat has
gone through many evolutions since thar
far-of and mythical period known as
1.-THE beginning" says the American Cul-
tivator. Along our Atlantic coast the
soil is either rocky or sandy or caIcareous
loan according as the tides are washing
mostly inwards or out to sea. Where deem
sand prevails 1t shows that the pulveriza-
ton Of rocks and shells is still going on
but where fierce waves dash only against
the rocks Il shows that the wasting away
process has already begun.
Farmers often talk about making the
soil deeper, but they don't know how 10
do "a except by hard work IN digging
deeply. and casting on the land various
organic. vegetable and animal manure or
by growing green crops 20 draw carbon
The Savannah morning news., 1901-02-18

A very general impression seems to pre-
vail, amounting to a settled belief in the
minds of some that our climate has
changed appreciably within the past thir-
ty or forty years; that the winters as
well as the summers are becoming more
temperate; that the SHOWS are less fire.
quent and deep and that the annual rain
fall is not so great as 1t once was, says
the Wisconsin Agriculturist. The impress
sion is generally based on personal recol-
lections and the fact that in many local
titles streams and springs that were sup
posed to be perpetual have dried up, would
appear to be good reason for entertaining
such a belief in regard to a decrease in
rainfall. There is no denying the fact
that our climate has changed, for geolo-
gists tell us that Southern Wisconsin once
lay at the very foot of an enormous gla-
cier While the northern portion of the
state was covered by huge mountain of
snow and ice. They point to the great
boulders scattered over the surface, worn
round and smooth by grinding movement
of the mighty mass and to rocks, groved
and deep cut by the action of great ice
rivers. Whether the change in climate
which caused this glacier to melt came
suddenly or covered a period of centuries
is not known, nor have we any knowledge
of the number of years since its disep-
pearance. Geology reckons time in pc
RODS, and a century more or less counts
for little. 1t is possible that the same
forces that caused the glaciers to recede
northward are still in operation, but the
change in climate, if still in progress. is
so slow that with our present instruments
and methods it is Impossible of detection.
One of the oldest records of temperature
in this state was commenced by Mr.. Jacob
A. Lups, of Manitowoc, in September of
1851 and has been continued by the MEM
bers of his family to the present time.
This record has been maintained with
great care and accuracy. and is complete
in every respect. A comparison of the
monthly and annual means, both of tenn
perature and rainfall for the first ten
years with that of the last ten years
shows that the change, if any is appre
ciable to the instruments used. The
truth of the matter is, the climate of any
locality is determined by it's latitude, it's
elevation above the level of the sea, its
proximity to mountains or great bodies
of water, the topography of the surround
ing country, the prevailing direction of
the winds and its loca ton with respect to
the track of cyclonic storms. Artificial
changes on the earth's surface have no
influence to change either the tempera
ture or rainfall to any appreciate extent
and the drying up of streams and springs
can usually be traced to the increased use
of tile drainage or a change in the course
of underground streams. True there is
sometimes a wide variation both in the
temperature and rainfall in different years
and frequently the variation from the
normal extends through several successive
years, but a deficiency at one time is
made up by an excess at another, and if
accurate records for fifty or one hundred
years show no change in climate little
credence can be placed in personal rec
objections.
The Savannah morning news., 1901-02-18
Good Words for the Berkshire.

The Berkshire is my favorite breed,
says a writer in the Dallas News. I be-
lieVe they are the healthiest hogs in the
world. They are one of the largest
breeds. They are the oldest breed known.
The qunality of their meat cannot be
equaled. They are the best rustlers. They
can be fattened at any age They are
very prolific, the sows heavy mixers, and
last, but not least, real pretty Beskshire
is the aprettiest thing | ever saw in the
shape of a hog. AS to what is the best
age TO kill, l should say from ten to
twelve months old. Pigs cared for as
they should be weigh from 200 to 300
pounds at that age, and are a pretty size
to handle. and the meat easier cured than
larger ones. This age and size | think.
is also the best to sell where they are
intended for pork. In selling thorough
bred hogs for breeding purposes it depends
a great deal on the purchaser. | have
sold some fine pigs from three to eight
months Old that had been well cared for
Up to that time that afterward were al
lowed to so without any care. and when
they failed to make fine individuals it was
was claimed the fault was in the
breeding, when. if the same purchaser
had bought a full-grown hog. the result
might have been more satisfactory both
to the seller and buyer.
As to the best feed for hogs. l believe
that corn is to hog what meat and
bread is to a man. l do not mean by this
that you should feed corn and nothing
but corn. A hog likes a variety of food.
and TO do his best must have it, A good
Bermuda grass pasture, with plenty OF
fresh water, is fine. Sorghum planted in
a convenient place. can either be cut and
fed or the hogs can be turned in on il;
it is excellent for hogs. There is moth
ing that ] know of that is as fine as m TX
for growing pigs-sweet milk skinned
milk or buttermilk. Stops are good If
they are the right kind. but | do not
believe i'm feeding hogs everything in the
shape of slop because he Is hog. Corn
should be shelled, and | prefer soaked
enough TO soften a little. 1t should be
fed In clean troughs aud not thrown ON
the ground. cob and shuck together. The
grown hogs and pigs should be fed sepa.
rately 1t is an easy matter to fix your
pen with a small opening, so the pigs
can go In and east by themselves. This
will save you the sorrow OF seeing tnanv
OF your pigs crippled and dishgured bv
the larger hogs. There should De kept
nt all times plenty OF salt, charcoal ana
ashes where thu hogs can get Il when.
ever they like. They should have warm
beds and good shelter. but never be al.
lowed TO lie or sleep in the dust My
bogs we're never bothered with any dis
The Savannah morning news., 1901-02-18
The Problem of Cultivation.

The thorough cultivation of all crops
is one very essential element to success
with them. and in modern farming this
thorough cultivation largely depends up
on the preliminary preparation of the soil,
says an exchange. The right kind of
preparation facilitates and simplifies az
ter-cultvation and intensifies its utility
For the preparation of the soil and it's
thorough pulverization before seeding we
have the pillow. tho disc harrow, .the float
the roller. the peg-tooth harrow, the
smoothing harrow, etc, and by the use
of these tools in an intelligent way, to
be determined by the character and con-
dition of the soil ITSELF the finest gar
Gen filth can be given, and a good deal
better filth than is usually provided will
be found to pay and pay well.
When the seed bed. for a crop has been
we'll prepared. after-cultivation becomes
much easier, and with moderate amount
of labor, can be given much more fire.
quently Qf circums tances require it, by
using a weeder than in perhaps any other
way. If a heavy rain has formed a crust
upon spring grain it has been seeded
twelve-foot weeder will break it up in
very short order, and very greatly to the
advantage of the seeding ID is a very
useful tool also in putting in grass seed
can be started Immediately after plant
ing and kept up well along in the season,
some of the teeth being removed lust
over the rows may become necessary
Even those who believe in rather deem
cultivation at some stages of growth will
find it tool almost worth its weight in
sold. as the phrase goes throughout a
considerable portion of the period during
which cultivation is continued AS a dry
season tool If ipUa luahla far NTH 1.
the dust-mulch so important in the con-
servation of moisture can be constantly
maintained. while on the other hand the
effects of heavy, driving rains that pack
and incrust the surface can be almost
Immediately overcome. In fruit growing.
too. where frequent surface cultivation
Is all important, it is a valuable imple-
ment the whole season through. IL the
working tool may Occasionally be used
but for the great bulk of the work of
this character the weeder is destined TO
be the efficient implement.
The Savannah morning news., 1901-02-18

from the air. and then turning the crop
under to make it lighter warmer and
dryer. If the green manure contains
much heterogeneous fertilization material,
as do the leguminous crops and trees,
the increase OF fertility is very rapid. BY
growing clover peas and beans to plow I'M
der, farmers have learned how to restore
rundown farms to more than their orig
inal fertility. 1t is the paradox of farm
ing that the more clover is grown, even
though all were fed off each year. the
richer the soil becomes The locust tree.
which is a egume. is found especially use
ful in retaining rocky land provided it's
roots find deep Crevices. through which
the tree may penetrate TO the water that
lies beneath them. More than forty years
ago formers family found the water
uudrinkable from a we'll in the dooryard
only few fees from the house. They
thought some animal had drowned there,
but found it was only the roots of several
chestnut trees that had worked their way
through the stone wall siding OF the well
to get to the water. So soon as they
found water they sprangled out into a
huge mass each one giving out some car
bonic acid gas and dissolving the rock
with which il came in contact
Where clover roots go down they also
dissolve the rocks, but to a less depth
IMAM Trees ana az tllty decay very QUICK
ly when the clover dies out. the growing
of dover is the very best means of deep
ening the soil for all the small grain
plants, like wheat. oats and barley. Land
that is naturally rich In potash, lime and
phosphate is kept in good heart for wheat
for years TO clover alone, except slight
dressing OF mineral fertilizer every other
year.
Probably In deepening soil nature and
the very lowest forms OF animal life do
more than man. The coral ilsect has up
lifted many an island IN the tropical
Pacific. SO common and humble on cid
70 man as the angle worm builds up fer
tile soil at an amazingly rapid rate. II
Is one Of the lower order Of b ings that
Increases by pa ling or cult ng IN two.
When the boy hunts for angle worms he
hhds them with each end n head. or that
can be easily made one. Some Of the
biggest Ia low, vet ground have been
The Savannah morning news., 1901-02-18
PANTS WARNING AT REGISTER.

A ''peeping Tom" was severely dealt
with by posse of infuriated citizens at
4, Register last Tuesday. young married
man named Odom had fixed himself up
an ambush in the rear of an outbuildiug
near the school house to SPY upon the
girls This device was promptly discov-
cred. however and he was chased away
by the boys. The Bullock Herald says of
the affair: The patrons of tho school
were notified, and. twenty-five or thirty
strong, they went in pursuit He was
traced to Meter about six miles distant.
where he was captured. The man at once
acknowledged that he was the guilty one
and pleaded for his life. 1t was decided
that the man must be slightly unbal-
anded, but the posse of citizens thought
that genuine pants warming would do
him good. Therefore he was carried back
to the scene of the offense and strapped
across bog. A rawhide buggy whip was
purchased and a stalwart citizen appoint
ed to administer it, Three cool-headed
citizens were delegated a committee to
say when the lash had been applied suf-
ficiently, and when they said enough"
thu whip was worn 20 a FRAGILE, and Odom
had repented his conduct lie promised
TO leave she neighborhood and stay gone,
and so far he has kept his promise.
The Savannah morning news., 1901-02-18
ways of saving the Moisture.

station to test the relative efficiency of
different kinds of culture in conserving
soil moisture showed that simple blowing
while the soil was in good condition was
As etticacious as blowing followed by
planking. rolling, narrowing or subsurface
packing. Disking was found to be good
means of saving moisture. but was not
equal to blowing.
The Importance of blowing stubb,e
ground as early as possible while moisture
is sim in the soil was shown by expert
ments in two years. Early blowing left
the ground in good condition. as regards
soil moisture, for wheat seeding, while
late p,owed ground was found to be dan
gerously dry.
The Savannah morning news., 1901-02-18
a DYNAMITE EXPLOSION.

Washington Reporter: Last Thursday
night az II o'clock there was fearful ex-
plosion of dynamite at the Columbus
mines. The mine is located near the in
tersection of Wilkes, McDuffie and Column
bia counties. Isaiah Wellmaker and Glib
white, two negroes, were preparing a
charge of dynamite to make blast in the
mine, when one of the sticks of dynamite
caught fire. At this juucture Mr. ]. A
Davey. night boss OF the mine came up
He told the Wellmeker negro TO break off
the burning part and throw it out of the
way. In doing so fire fell from ehe burn
ing piece into a box of caps used in eX-
ploding, when the entire box exploded, to
gether with the six sticks of dynamite
All three Of the men were injured and
the ground was swept Clean. one end Of
the engine house was carried away. The
men were blown some distance None
were killed, but all injured Wellmaker
was most seriously injured, having both
hands blown off
The Savannah morning news., 1901-02-18

1t is said that the grain weevil has a
natural dislike to salt, and that wheat
or other grain stored in salt sacks are not
sacks in the same pile was badly infested
and virtually Suined by weevis. If this
is true II would be a simple matter to dip
all grain sacks in brine and dry them
before using, or perhaps to surround the
grain bins with sailed sacks. 1t is an eX-
pertinent worthy of trial in the grain
growing regions, which do not include
much of New England. 1t is cheaper and
as easily tried as the bisulphide of carbon
treatment. and we think could not injure
the grain for seed or any other purposes.
The grain does not absorb the salt, but it
stands as a fence around it to repel the
weevil
The Savannah morning news., 1901-02-18

NIoultrie Observer: Mr.. Thos. V. Clark,
one of the Oldest and best known citizens
of Colquitt county, died al his home near
Autreyvil.e Thursday morning Mr.. Clara
had reached the advanced age of 50 years.
Mr. Clark raised a family of twelve chill
dren, eight of whom survive him and are
among the county's most prominent ciu-
zens. OF children. grandchildren and
great-grandchildren he leaves an even
hundred. The deceased served in the In
dian War and did valiant service in the
Civil War. He drew pension in his last
years for his service in lighting the In
dianS,
The Savannah morning news., 1901-02-18

Athens Banner: Wednesday morning, at
his home at Rose Hill, Oconee county.
Mr.. James E. Thomas, in a condition of
temporary insanity. took his life in a most
tragic manner Mr.. Thomas arose early
and after dressing went out to his car
riage house His vile was preparing
breakfast at the time and there was
nothing unusual to put her on guard as
90 the desperate intentions of her hus-
hand. The sudden report of a gun in the
carriage house caused her to run to that
place, and when she reached there,
most horrible sight met her gaze. Her
husband was lying upon the ground, his
shotgun beside him, while his head was
almost corn from his body. He had de-
lberately placed the gun against his head
and in some way had pulled the trigger.
The entire load of shot tore through his
BRAIN death being instantaneous