The sun., 1901-07-28

slsctsd 10 the most insisninoAns ofnos In hia
State. Tho secession movement really
seemed 10 be dead: but during the ncxt nine
years many events occurred to lessen the
numerical strength Of the strong Union party
whioh Foots had built up In 1851. We have
dwelt at length on this part Of Mr.. Gamers
narrative because Il "a important 10 keep
In view how powerful the Unionists had been
In Jefferson Davis's own State only nine years
before Lincoln's election. The events that
subsequently, turned the current Of opinion
and intensified the feeling Of hostility toward
the North were the infractions Of the Fusi-
tive Slave law. the struggle between aboli-
tionists and slaveholders In Kansas. ths pub
lioation of 'Unols Toms Cabin and tho
John Brown raid.
Our author shows shst the part played
by the people Of Mississippi in the Civil War
was q conspicuous one. II 10 q fact not
generally known thas the State furnished
more troops to the Union Army than IL did
to the Confederate Army. the number con-
tributed to the former being sss whites and
70. 900 blacks. BY the census OF 1900 there
were 7o.7os white males In Mississippi be-
tween the ages Of Is and -. while the total
enlistments In the Confederate Army during
the war were 1900. npwn to Nov. l.. 1858,
forty-six regiments and a number Of un-
attached battalions and cavalry companies
had been organised and enlisted. At the
outbreak Of hostilities the easerness for
military service. especially among tho young
mon. was extraordinary. There were few
great battles Of the war In which some Of
them did not fGure. Some idea OF how they
we're sacrificed for the cause Of the Con-
federacy may be be gathered from the records
Of the commands. The vicksburg cadets
went out i3s strong. and but six returned
The -Sharpshooters- from the sano place
went to the front with a roll Of i24 only one
rame homo. or i2s men In the Whitman
Guard from Pike county. only about twcnty-
Ave survived. At the Battle Of Shiloh the
Sixth Mississippi Regiment lost 800 men out
~ as. and the Sixteenth Mississippi at sharps-
burg lost over % per cent. Of those present.
while the Twsnty-ninth Mississippi lost at
about So per cont. Of those who
.ook part In the battle. OF the total enlist
nsnt II was estimated that about one-fourth
were either killed or died OF wounds or of
disease contracted In the service The mar
ial spirit. however. which had been general
At the outbreak Of hostilities. wore away
10 considerable extent as the war progressed
md recourse had to be made to bounties and
o oonscription. II was alleged In January,
se4. that there were then s7.Ois white males
n the State between the ages Of 10 and 90,
md only o. es2 on the muster-rolls. leaving
rh for nt
n the military service. The suocessful en-
,loyment OF negro soldiers by the enemy
Ultimately aroused q sentiment in favor Of
rying a like experiment In the Confederate
Irmy. A few weeks before the Confederacy's
ollapse. It's Congress authorized the Presi-
ent In his discretion TO call upon each State
or It's quots OF s0o.0 900 troops. In addition to
those subject to military service under
listing laws the said additional troops to
o raised from the whole population. lrre-
pective Of color No negroes. however.
'ere recruited under the act In Mississippi
II Is In his fourth chapter that Mr. Garner
xamines the economic aspects OF recon-
tructlon In Mississippi At the close Of
no war the people were generally impov-
rished: the farms had gone TO waste. the
.nces having been destroyed by the armies.
= having decayed from neglect; the fields
'ere covered with weeds and bushes; farm
Implements and tools were gone; live stock
ad been 80 diminished that there were
arely enough farm animals to meet tho
emands Of agriculture; business was at q
.andstill: banks had either suspended or
ara In sol IN tho o,,rran ~ va IN q wrat chad
,nditlon: the disbanded Confederate SOL
iers, on returning to their homes. we're
,nfronted by desolation and starvation;
lers was no railway or postal system worth
oeakins OF: only here and there was a news
aper still issued; the labor system which
ad been in vogue at the South sinoe the
establishment Of the colonies was completely
and the laborers were wander
ls about the country refusing to perform
,elr accustomed toll. One-third OF the
hits breadwinners Of the State had either
cen sacrificed In the contest or we're dis
bled for life. 90 that they could no longer
9 considered as factors In the work OF
reor rganization. The support Of
ldows and orphans claimed no inconsider-
BILE share OF the States bounty during the
period The number Of de-
cndent orphans alone was estimated to be
200 Many Of the women had never been
TO perform domestic service
nd. consequently, found themselvs at n
reat disadvantage In tho struggle which
ow ensued
From the State census OF 1898 our author
uotes some interesting data concerning the
feet Of the war upon the population OF Mis-
ssippi 1t appears that betv een lseo and
'e8 there was decrease OF o.. .5ss in popula- |
on. the diminution among the whites being
% than per cent. while that Of the blacks !
As about Is per cent. In 1900 there were
|.iss fewer blacks In the State than there
Nd been In 1890 What had beoo mo OF these
lsslng negroes puzzled those people at the !
orth who reflected upon the question. The |
outherners said that they had died from !
sease and the starvation resulting from |
,elr sudden emancipation. In our authors !
oinlon this explanation was not entirely !
ithout foundation. II we turn from the |
90 In population to the loss in wealth. we |
arm that the assessed valuation OF personal
roperty Including slaves) in 1890 had been |
81 $50, i7s: In 1870 II was Sso0oo ,so During |
10 Same time the value Of real property had |
eollned from $751;. .sss.76 to sis.21s.leO.
he condition In which the war had loft the
wees along tho banks OF the Mississippi |
liver IA cited a. another illustration Of the |
,onomlc results Of the contest. At the out
-eak OF hostilities $40 miles Of continuous
wees had stretched from the base OF the |
Ills near the Tennessee limo TO Brunswick |
anding In Warren county, protecting from
yerfiows the Ynzoo Basin. comprlsing OOO-