davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The citizen., 1901-05-17
THE WEEDER.
Stirs Every Particle of Soil and Kills
Millions of Weeds.

Millions of Weeds.
Farmers have learned a lesson in re-
gard to cultivation and found that it
is not necessary nor even desirable
to turn the world upside down every
tiac a corn crop is TO be cultivated.
and the wccdcr has found favor with
farmers who have studied the subject
u shallow cultivation in connection
with the advantages of this new tool
I'm general appearance it is a machine
not unlike the sulky rake. but instead
Of having one row of long steel spring
teeth it has several In passing over
the ground it easily Stirs every particle
of the surface. 1t kills millions OF
weeds, puts the surface soil in fine
tilth, breaks up crusts after heavy
rains, aud for much of the cultivation
that is necessary in growing crops it
is about as near perfect implement
rs We have.
Ii is a very useful tool To 90 over
corn before the plants are large enough
to cultivate with any other tool. 1t
destroys all the weeds in its path.
leaving the deeper rooted corn plant
uniuiurcd.
We have seen this implement at
worA under many varying conditions,
ana So fsr as we are able to judge,
after trying al the various tools for
cultivation that have '"eu in vogue for
almost 10 years, it is one of the best
cultivatorS we know Of
1t has the further advantage of get
ting over the ground rapidly. y IL
foot wccdcr, tor example, will cover
any field needing surface cultivation
in very short time, and the fact en-
ahleS the farmer to give that frequent
cultivation that is necessary to break
up cruSts after rains ana to keep the
upper inch of the soil in Il condition
that will make it an effective mulch
for the conservation of moisture dur
ing dry weather.
We are satisfied that trial of the
weeler will convince any farmer of its
value. and those who have not investi-
gated it SHOULD inquire of their dealers
about it, says Iowa Homestead.
The citizen., 1901-05-17
ASPARAGUS RUST.
Some Hope of Natural Enemies
Checking It-Clean High Culture.

Some Hope of Natural Enemies
Checking It-Clean High Culture.
Asparagus rust had been reported
up to 1899 in New England, along
the Atlantic coast to South Carolina
and Georgia, in Pennsylvania, Ohio.
Indiana, Illinois, Kansas and Michigan
and more recently in North Dakota
Beds in New England standing alone
and surrounded by forests are seldom
troubled by the rust or are less likely
to be than those standing in the open
country.
Experiments on spraying with bor-
deauX mixture began June Is, 1897,
and continued to the tenth spraying
on Oct. We're estimated to reduce the
rust at least one-quarter. Ten spray
ingS cost SLIT, The rust was not as
abundant in 1905 but spraying reduc-
ed 1t to some extent In 1899 on the
same bed there was GG per cent rusted
where it was not sprayed and 40 per
cent where the spray was used. The
results Of spraying could scarcely be
called satisfactory.
During the three years it has been
noticeable each year on this bed and
Others that the Palmetto variety rust
ed less than any of the others. There
is also Il French stock, as yet but little
grown, that seems to show greater re-
sistance to the rust than others.
Clean, high culture improves the Wig
or of the plants, and the use of consid-
cradle quantities of nitrate of soda to
produce strong growth of tops has in
sured crop when otherwise it might
have proved a failure
There is some hope of a natural enc
my checking the rust There are in
sects that iced upon the rust spores,
and two species of fungi are parasitic
upon the rusts. These facts are gath
cred from an address by DR.. B. d.
HalSted.
The citizen., 1901-05-17
SWEET POTATO PRACTICE.
Planting on RidGcs-How to Set the
Plants-ImpIementS Used

Plants-ImpIementS Used
Practical sweet potato growers gen
orally plant on ridges, the elevation
varying from to l. inches. High
ridges are most common on land that
lacks drainage and such land is not
fit for sweet potatoes Ordinarily the
ridges are about six inches above the
valleys. The ridges are made by throw
ing two furroWs together with Il turn
ing plow or with a disk cultivator or
Il "hillcr." If stable manure. pine
leaves or other bulky materials are
used, they must be applied broadcast
before the ridges are made or in fur
rows previously made where the ridges
are to be thrown up. The ridges should
be made high enough to allow for har-
rowing down with Il light smoothing
harrow. This is the last operation
before planting and destroys all weeds
that have started.
The ridges for sweet potatoes should
be > or 3ia feet from center to center
unless the aim is to grow the largest
quantity possible per acre. in which
case the width may be reduced to 21,
feet The width last named is sufficient
for the "vinclcSs' or blush" varieties.
Where the plants are set in rows one
way only Il distance Of IS inches be-
tween plants is recommended. When
planted in checks for working both
ways, they must lee at least two feet
apart. The only advantage of planting
in checks is that it saves something in
hand labor on grassy ground.
\ sweet potato plant should be set Il
little deeper in tranSplanting than it
was in the plant bed 50 that no part of
the stem that was protected by earth in
the bed shall be exposed in the field.
For planting by hand the ground
should be moist, but not wet. If it is
very dry, the plants should be watcrod
as soon as convenient after planting
Much of the vitality of plants is saved.
particularly if the planting is done in
sunshine and wind or when the ground
is dry, by mudding or pudding the
roots. This is done by dipping them
into batter of the consistency of thick
cream made of clay and water.
Various implements have been de-
vised to obviate the necessity of stoop-
ing in hand planting. Chief among
these are the "tongs" which are com
monty used in New Jersey 4 simple
contrivance by which plants are push
Cd into the loose ground at one move
ment is also used There are several
transplanting machines with water
tanks which water each plant when
set. They are used for all kinds of
vegetable plants and small nursery
stock
One advantage in machine planting
is that the ground is stirred and all
weeds destroyed in the vicinity Of the
plants when they are set.
The citizen., 1901-05-17

Vineland (N. Jg sweet potato growers
expend about SO per acre for CONNER
cial fertilizers. When stable manure is
bought, the cost is greater.
The New England sugar season has
been short and the yield, with some
exceptions. below the average.
Gas lime literally applied as a dress
ing has been reported preventive for
onion maggot and wirewOrm.
Partial irrigation is now largely en-
ployed as supplement to rainfall in
regions where the need of irrigation for
deciduous fruit trees was formerly
secuted.
The Pan-American exhibit of tobacco
includes all types and grades and
shows the wonderful progress made of
late years in the tobacco industry.
Australia is said to possess Il new
vegetable, the asparagus pea" which
combines the deliciousness of the two
popular vegetables.
The citizen., 1901-05-17
THE COWPEA A SUCCESS.
A Good Point That Has Been Gener-
ally Oyeriooked

The cowpea when properly under
stood needs no one to champion its
cause. Merits it has in plenty but be-
ing a pasture crop before maturity is
not one of them, and | am very much
inclined to doubt its utility as a soiling
crop unless partially cured. 1t is best
for all concerned that this should be
known in the north and east at the first
rather than at the last, writes a CORE
spondent to Country Gentleman.
The cowpea as catch crop is pre-
eminently success. You can sow on
wheat stubble and be assured of a good
yield if you will roll the land after the
seeding. or you can drill it in the corn
at the last cultivation with like sue
cess, but don't expect the pea to come
to the front much until the corn has
about matured unless it is wet sea-
son. as the corn will appropriate nearly
all the moisture to its own use.
1t seems TO me that one Of the best
points Of the pea has been almost en-
lence and convenience as swine food.
The amount of protein it contains
makes it when fed in conjunction with
corn well balanced ration, but for
pigs under ) months old we leave off
the corn.
The method practiced here (Tennes-
see) by our best farmers when growing
the pea for hogs is as follows: About
May l they make their first planting.
This is done with Whippoorwill, me-
dunn early maturing variety. The
grain should be about all ripe before
the hogs are turned on. This will be
about the Goth of August About June
10 a second planting is made with the
Black pea, which is a later maturing
variety.
The practice is 10 turn the hogs on
the Whippoorwill field and let them
stay until the peas are all consumed,
then change them to the Black. BY
this means they prolong the pasturing
season frequently until March, the
Black pea keeping in almost perfect
condition until that time.
This Is the most economical way to
produce pork that know of. Now, l
think that with the addition cf about
two weeks of corn feeding to lnish off
you would have bacon hog after the
English notion. know by experience
that 1t contains a larger per cent of
lean than the corn fed HOG
The citizen., 1901-05-17
CORN CULTURE.
hest Methods of Cultivating-Timc
Manner and Frequency


If the preparation Of the seed bed.
the selection of seed and the planting
have been well done. the cultivation of
the corn crop will be easy and will ac-
complish its best results. The cult
vator should have in mind at least
four objects-viz, the conservation of
moisture. the destruction of weeds, the
feeding Of the corn plant ana the aera-
tiOn of the corn roots. says Il writer in
Orange Judd Farmer.
The time. manner and frequency of
the civilizations Will be modified by
the condition of the soil but should be
adapted to best effect the foregoing
objects. Generally it is best to begin
with the harrow before or soon after
the corn is up and cross harrow in
four or five days. The importance of
this early and thorough work with the
harrow cannot be overeStimatcd and
ought not in any case to be neglected.
This narrowing destroys the first crop
of weeds, which is always the most
injurious to the growing corn and pull
verizeS the surface soil. forming the
soil mulch so necessary to conserve
the moisture below against the time of
drought most sure TO come.
Follow the harrow with the cult
vator, using small shovels and running
close and deep the first plowing Cul-
tivate every week, the civilizations
after the first being shallow and far
ther away from the corn, until the corn
is too tall for the cuitiyator.
The impression is quite prevalent
that a corn crop is well cultivated
when it is plowed or cultivated three
times. Three civilizations may be suf-
ticient for the best results in some in
stances. but five or six are sometimes
necessary.
If farmer contempiates planting
and cultivating 40 acres Of corn with
one team, it is a mistake 1t would
be better to plant 20 or 50 acres and
give 1t the cultivation necessary to at
tain the best results and use the re-
mainder of the 40 acres for pasture or
some other crop
The citizen., 1901-05-17

IIerscys-A, dairy type; spare and deep body
well sprung rils large udder development. B,
beef type; large frame, small uldcr Development
taking on flesh easily, smooth and plump.l
upon breed or size The records also
Indicate that cows of the spare and
angular type remain in good service
for Il much longer period than cows
having tendency to lay on flesh.
During five years of careful inves-
tigation in regard to the cost of pro-
duction of butter between cows spare
and angular in form and cows carry
ing considerable superfuouS tissue
and having an inherited or acquired
disposition to convert feed into flesh
the records show that in every in
stance the COW that carried the least
flesh charged the least for butter, and
just in SO much as one COW was little
smoother and plumpcr than the other
would her butter product cost more
than the other.
The citizen., 1901-05-17

In the west. whore farmers burn
straw to get rid of it, thcy could make
some money by planting potatoes with
it. Drop the potatoes on top of the
ground without blowing in rows or 9th
erwise IS inches apart each way. Use
whole tubers and cover with straw one
or two fcet deep. There will be no
more work required except to care for
bugs until harvest time, when with
fork turn over the straw ana pick up
the tubers, from 200 to 500 bushels per
acre and perhaps more. They will NOT
suffer with drought and the next year
the land will be in condition for any
crop and easily plowed.-American Ag-
riculturiSt.
The citizen., 1901-05-17

tenn. In several of the more important
tomato growing regions this system is
very widely followed.
\ few stations that have experiment.
ed with this method Of pruning all re-
port earlier maturity aS the result, and
the opinion of commercial growers who
have practiced it is so in its favor as to
seem to establish the fact that pruning
is profitable and advisable wherever
carlineSS and size are of more advan-
tagc than total weight of crop.
1t is still perhaps an open question
whether or not under southern condi-
tions pruning does not really increase
rather than decrease the total yield.
To secure the best results from prun.
ing it is necessary to 20 over the plants
as often as once in five or six days in
order to remove the laterals before
they get more than an inch or two long
and when they can be pinched out by
the thumb and finger If they are al
lowed to remain until they develop
leaves and woody tissues. it is of
course done NJ the expense of the other
parts of the plant. and we have in part
defeated the very purpose for which
we prune.
There is often great complaint among
tomato growers that the early clusters
of flowers do not set fruit. This is very
apt to be the case where plants are
making rapid growth and the wealth
cr is at all unfavorable. on pruned
plants this loss is very largely avoided.
The first clusters almost always set
perfectly, and this probably explains in
part at least the heavier early pickipgs
as The result of nrnning
The citizen., 1901-05-17
THE TOMATO.
Pruning to IA Single Stem-COmmer.
cial Growers Favor II.

Where the system of pruning to a
single stem is followed two plants are
sometimes tied to single stake, the
two plants being set about IS inches
apart, with wider spaces between each
group of two. In all eases the stakes
should be driven as soon after planting
as possible. If this is delayed till the
roots get started, some damage may be
done to them.
BY pruning commercial growers mean
the pinching out of all lateral branches
as soon as they appear, thus confining
the growth strictly to one stem. When
about three clusters of fruit are set, the
vines are topped, thus stopping all fur
ther growth of vine and turning the
energies Of the plant entirely to the
growth and maturing of the fruits that
are already set. The advocates of this
system claim that it greatly increases
the size Of the individual fruits and
that the bulk of the crop ripens several
days earlier than on unpruned plants.
OF course each plant produces fewer
fruits than when allowed to grow un-
checked, but this is partly compensated
for by increased size and by the closer
planting that Is possible ON this sys-
The citizen., 1901-05-17
POTATO SCAB.
You Can Encourage or Discourage 1t
With Soil and Fertilizer

Blackened pocketlike cavities and
roughened corky spots are characteris-
tic of scab on potatoes. on beets it
does not lead to pits, but results in
rough, corky elevations which are usu-
ally more extensive on the upper half
of root.
Every potato grower knows that
some soils are more favorable TO scab
than others. Chemist Jones of the Yer
mont station says; General experience
indicates that heavy soils, whether
they are of clay, muck or humus. are
of the favoring class. This may be be-
cause they are moister
There is ground for the statement
sometimes made that the soil best fit
ted for large yield of potatoes is also
most inclined to scab.
Experiments at the Rhode Island sta
tion show that an acid condition of the
soil checks the development of the scab
fungus. and Professor Wheeler sug-
gests that plowing under a green crop.
such as clover, will check the scab
fungus, since this green matter while
decomposing will render the soil tenn
porarily acid. On the other hand, fer
tilizers or manures which tend to de-
stroy the natural acidity of the soil or
to increase its alkalinity may thereby
render conditions more favorable for
the fungus.
1t is the common experience that
lime and ashes are apt to favor the
The citizen., 1901-05-17
Foreign Market For American
SuuaShes.

J. J. II. Gregory of Massachusetts
still perSevcreS in his attempt to have
a foreign market opened up for our
American grown squaShes. His idea,
as expressed in American Cultivato., is
that they can be introduced into the
British islands, Germany and northern
Europe, in whose markets they are
never found
1t is we'll known fact that sQuaShes
will not mature in England and are
utterly unknown there. The first step
toward opening foreign market must
be to introduce them to the people in
all the various ways in which we use
them
The citizen., 1901-05-17
szaGGgzl(z::FlR5RNM1
FlEL1a'sp2 GRRpEN
HOG PASTURE.
A Neat Way 10 Do Good to Pigs and
to Pasture.

A Neat Way 10 Do Good to Pigs and
to Pasture.
The permanent pasture, \, can be
seeded down to June grass, white clo-
YER blue grass, timothy-in fact, al
most any grass that will not freeze ont.
Pasture B is for clover fer summer
grazing: also for winter grazing il
wanted and possible. Pasture & is
for corn or green corn fodder raising.
Just before laying the corn 10y for the
season SOW Il pounds of clover seed 10
the acre and cultivate il in whom going
through with the corn cultvator the
last time. usually not deeper than TWO
to four inches. by this time The
ground Is generally quite well shaded
enough by tAe corn 10 hold the neorS-
sary moisture to insure good stand
of clover even in dry season.
The next wear pasture G viii hr your
clover grazing ground. and in pasture
Is the clover sod will be turned under
f.. corn aad seeded down 10 clover
a-a.n. as before. Eyars year change
tie clever on tLe corn pasture aud 'he
The citizen., 1901-05-17
A PEACH POINTER.


Maryland Orchard.
| have been Informed that in Florida
gas lime has been used for many years.
placing the lime iii "A circle about the
tree, but from one to two feet from the
trunk. This would suggest that they
dread the direct method. The lime is
so esteemed that as much as 30 cents
per bushel is paid for it.
James A. Fowler, MarXknnd, had a
run out peach orchard Or POO trees
and, like many others. grubbed out
500. The remaining 400 were not re-
moved for lack of lime. They were
heavily dressed with gas lime with the
intention of killing them and at the
same time improve the exhausted land.
The lime was applied to the trunks of
the trees. They We're not killed how
ever. and not even injured. but bore
heavily, the crop selling for $4OO
1t is fair TO assume that Mr.. Fowler
lost $500 by his good intentions and
earned 800 by mere accident. His ex-
perienCe has convinced me that gas
lime is not as dangerous as it has been
considered. Gas lime is said to con
tain ammonia and sulphur. Lime and
ammonia are valuable as fertilizers.
deStroyerS of many forms of germ and
insect life, Many years of thought and
study convince me that gas lime af-
fordS safe, reasonable cheap and eff
tic.rnt remedy for the borer.
American ASriculturist, in which Il
fofc-oins appears, says that while the
value Of gas lime as an insecticide is
mooted question there can be no doubt
about its beneficial effects upon certain
soils
The citizen., 1901-05-17

scab. The Rhode Island experiments
showed that this is attributable to
their content of carbonate of lime
which renders the soil favorably al
kaline. Similar increase of scab fol
lowed the use of soda ash carbonate
of sodal, potash carbonate of potas-
sium and masncSia. Stable manure
of all kinds fayors the scab develop
meut. probably for similar reasons.
Ferliliziug materials which do nor
tend to increase the Scah and which
may even check it are enumerated as
follows: common salt. land plaster,
most commercial fertilizers Gncluding
superphoSphatcSl, sulphate of ammo
mia, nitrate Of soda, kainit, muriate of
potash and >ulphate of potash.
The citizen., 1901-05-17
The Inventor OF the De--ic.,.

Derrick is the Iamc of crane used in
shifting and lifting heavy weights. 1t is
said to be so called from one "Aoodoric,
who, while serving at Cadz as a soldier
under Robert, earl of Essex, was doomed
to death for some crime, but pardoned by
his commandcc on condition that he
would hang o3 other indicators. Such
are the revolutions of fate that subse-
quently he was employed in London 20
behead Essex, the man who had saved his
life.
The citizen., 1901-05-17
The Big Potato Patch of the World.

Victoria island, about 90 miles west
Of Stockton, Cal. is said to contain the
largest potato patch in the world. The
land is new" having been reclaimed
from swamps This year about 10000
acres will be planted in potatoes These
potatoes are sent to san Francisco and
shipped all over the Pacific country.
The citizen., 1901-05-17
NOTICE TO TAXPAYERS.

NOTICE TO TAXPAYERS.
The Tax Books are now ready, and the
County Treasurer would call the attention of
the taxpayers for 1900 to section 40. Article 81.
Revised Code of Maryland. All persons who
shall pay their State taxes on or before the
FIRST DAY OF SEPTEMBER,
of the year for which they were levied. shall
be entitled to a deduction of
5 PER CENTUM
on the amount of said taxes all who shall
pay the same on or before the first day of Oc-
tober, of the said year, shall be entitled TO a
deduction of
PER CENTUM,
and all who shall pay the same on on before
the first day of November, of said year, shall
be entitled TO deduction of
PER CENTUM.
Taxes on the income of mortgages become
due September /, 1900, for said year.
ALIEN. RAMSBURG,
JulyZO-tf County Treasurer.
The citizen., 1901-05-17

A GOOD COW TO KEEP.
The One That Charges Least For Her
Butter Fat.

Butter Fat.
If you are about to buy a cow or
cows. more or fewer, for ordinary
home use, or even if you are projecting
a farm dairy. there can be no disad-
vantage in bearing in mind not only
that there are cows and cows, some
good for one purpose and some for an
other. but that it is believed that you
can judge what they are good for by
their external conformation. Not all
the authorities agree on the signs in
cows, but some of them. the Mime
sofa station, for instance, furnish in
teresting data On which the individual
farmer can exercise the right of free
thought.
Records of a large number of cows
at that station are thought to show
that economy in butter production de-
pends more upon the type of cow than
The citizen., 1901-05-17

Seed potatoes are diSnfected either
by soaking them / = hours in a solution
made by disSolving one ounce of corro-
sive sublimate in seven gallons of wa
ter or by soaking them two hours in
solution made by diluting one-half pint
of formalin in - gallons of water.
The citizen., 1901-05-17
Culture Versus Education.

Wunn-What is the difference between
culture and education?
Tuther-lf you are cultured you are ac-
quainted with the latest novels, and il
you are educated you are acquainted
with the latest microbes.
Press.
The citizen., 1901-05-17
A "Shipping" Tomato Par Excel
lence.

fence.
Honor Bright is establishing a fine
reputation as shipping tomato. This
is due to its exceptional habit in ripen-
ing. Although it blooms with the ear
ly tomatoes, it does not mature its
fruits until quite late, ripening very
slowly from the center outward, just
the reverse of other tomatoes. At first
1t turns ivory white gradually chang
ing to yellow, then pink, deepening in
to beautiful red when fully ripe.
When in its waxy white stage of
ripening, the fruit is very solid and
firm and it is claimed. will bear almost
as rough handling as potatoes.
The fruit can be picked when passing
out of the white stage and be shipped
or stored away for days and be found
tender skinned and red ripe when
wanted for use.