Evening star., 1901-11-25
GOVERNMENT OF COLONIES
METHODS ADOPTED WITH SUCCESS
In EUROPE.
Interchange of Products With Mother
Country-PassinE Laws and
Raising Funds.

Colonial Administration Is the title Of
a publication which will be issued by the
treasury bureau of statistics as part Of
the October number OF the monthly sum-
mary Of commerce and finance. 1t Is un-
derstood to be the personal work OF the
chief of the bureau. Mr.. Austin, who re-
Gently visited the capitals of colonial de-
partments of the European governments.
with the purpose Of obtaining information
regarding the methods applied In the gov
ernment Of colonies. ~aee-.-~--G
The work is devoted especially to the
government and development Of colonies
in tropical and subtropical territory. and
the method by which this relationship be-
tween temperate zone nations and tropical
areas becomes mutually beneficial to the
people or both communities.
General System of Government.
The general system Of government adopt
ed for the colony is determined by action.
Of the legislative body Of the home govern
ment, and when this is done the conduct
Of the details Is placed in the hands of a
department of the government. All nations
now attempting the government of comnu
mites differing in race, customs and cl
matte conditions from those of the home
government appoint from their own people
governor and other executive officers,
the home government, form the lawmak-
ing body In the colony though in the more
advanced colonies a popular branch OF the
lawmaking body is also elected by the peo-
pie of the colony. The more important of
the laws and regulations formed by the
lawmaking body are submitted to the home
government, and are subject to Its final ac-
tion. but the details Of framing and ad-
ministering the laws and regulations are
left to the representatives in the colony of
the home government.
The general administration Of govern
ment In the colony Is performed by the gov
ernor and other executive officers. and the
lawmakii.g Is by the legislative bodies
above described. but the details Of admin
istration are largely carried out by the ma
tives. in conjunction with and under the
supervision of the direct representatives of
the home government. Local and munich
pal legislation and administration is left
to the natives wherever practicable. and
they are encouraged to assume the duties
Of administering law and order and improv-
ing and developing the community.
Increasing Natives Earning Power.
The first and most important steps after
the development Of order are the creation
Of roads. railways, te1egraphs, steamship
lines and other methods Of communication
and transportation by which the natural
products Of the colony can be sent to the
markets of the world where they will find
ready sale. With this the native finds his
earning power increased. and with this In
crease OF earnings comes increased desire
for the comforts and conveniences Of CIV
iliZation, which in turn are followed by
better homes, education, newspapers
schools. churches and increased powers Of
self-government. The public works for the
development and Improvement of the COL
ony are usually created with funds raised
by local taxation or loans based upon fu-
ture revenues. and not with funds supplied
by the home government, nor does the
home government usually make itself re-
sponsible for the loans raised by the col
ony.
Thrift and Industry Stimulated.
The methods above described, by which
the earning power Of the native Is greatly
enhanced and his desire for the comforts
of civilization correspondingly increased,
stimulate industry and thrift. The diver
sification of Industries and the Individual
ownership Of land by the natives also de-
yelop habits of industry and increase their
earning power. In those Industries which
require large establishments and a steady
labor supply, such as sugar, tobacco and
coffee, or in the construction Of great pub
lie works, a part Of the labor supply has
been in some colonies obtained from other
sources, but as a rule native labor, when
properly stimulated by the methods above
referred to, proves sufficient for the re-
quirements Of the colony.
Raising Funds for the Colonies.
1ue luIuS lOT the COuQuCL OF LnS colony
are raised by methods similar to those utI-
lied In the more advanced communities of
the world. In most cases customs duties
supply a larger share Of the revenues than
any other single item. In few instances,
notably India and Java, the ownership of
land Is retained by the government the
land being leased to the natives at a low
rental under leases usually renewable per-
petually, and a large share of the reve-
fS obtained from thaSa
colonies required to raise sufficient
revenue to meet all their expenses, both of
current administration and permanent i'm
provements, and in many cases the rail-
roads. telegraph lines. etc. are also con-
structed from public funds and owned by
the colony.
Interchange of PrOducts.
The principal productions Of the colony
are usually raw materials and natural food
products, and these are usually the prin-
cipal tmportations Of the mother country.
The principal productions Of the mother
country are manufactures and prepared
food products, and these are also the prin-
cipal importations Of the colony. This Is
especially the case If the colony Is located
in the tropics and the mother country in
the temperate zone. free Interchange of
products between the two communities thus
mutually dependent upon each other for
necessary supplies and q necessary mar
sential. This condition, coupled with the
growth Of facilities for cheap and rapid
transportation and intercommunication
has led in many cases to the removal of
restrictive tariffs between the mother coun-
try and the colony for the encouragement
of the same free Interchange between the
colony and the mother country as that
which exists between the states or prov
irces Of the mother country itself. Spe-
cific articles. however such as sugar. for
example, which the mother country pro-
duces or may produce, are excepted from
this general system. This Is especially
true in countries having a high tariff.
In low-tarih countries, which already ad-
NIT most Of the products Of all countries
free Of duty, the tariff regulations natural
ly make no determinations relative to the
products OF the colony, and those of the
colony make no discrimination relative to
the mother country, except in the case of
Canada, which grants to the products of
the united kingdom and certain Of the
British colonies reduction of one-third
In tariff rates.
MIR. and Mrs. Cortelyou in Canton.
Secretary to the President and Mrs G. B.
Cortelyou arrived In Canton Saturday. They
are the guests Of Mrs. Mckinley at her
home North Markef straaf