The Manning times. [volume] (Manning, Clarendon County, S.C.) 1884-current, 1901-06-19

Tais facs made everything clear. The
m>;q7:to mus. carry the malaria about
Hi;h him. Nevertheless. fifteen years
| Re s>d without anything being dole to
take prscsicsi advantage o. this theory.
D.. Ross, TIE Indian army surgeon,
discovered IN 1898 that mosquit oes
6avelopcd ia their bodies the protetz,
ne L.Dho, a parasite which he shoHed
osus:d nslarial fever in birds bitten
hy them, s. the connection was fixed.
l. only remained to discover the action
Of the acepbole mosquito as the vehicle
Of human mslaria, and this il due part
ly to D:. Ross and partly to Dr.. Grassi,
professor OF zoology al Rome.
For ten years past Dr.. Grassi had
te,r pursuing his experiments on this
particular species 6 mosquito, when
tie data of d.. Ross suggested to him
the ul:erior researches which ended
IL the decisive result. Iu October,
1898, aided by Drs. Bignami and Bss
,ianelii, he acquired The certainty that
the mosquito Tho carried the malaria
poison was indeed the anophele. The
PARASITIC germs which he csrries in
him cannot live when they pass into
birds or domestic animals, but they
live and develop luxurianlly in the
blood Of man, which has the unlucky
quality of so strengthening and mul j,
plying them that they not only infect
him with malaria, but cause him, in
turn, to infect others. 1t is the female
saophele only which is dangerous. The
male does not bite.
The conclusive experiments were
made 10 hospital hall Of the Santo
Spirito, ct Rome, on dozen individu
ais in good heslth and Of philaDthropic
disposition, who allowed themselves to
be bitten by mosquitoes from malariouS
districts.
D: Grsssi rapidly obtained confrns
ton of the other important fact, that
the mosquitoes themselves oftenest be
come infected by absorbing the blood Of
a person sick with mslaria. The red
globules of the blood of such persons
contain parasites quite distinct from
those causing any other contagious
malsdy. There are Of the class Of pro-
tcz oores, that is to say unicellular
organisms, who obtain their organs OF
reproduction only after singular
honeymoon trip to the stomach Of the
anophsle mosq uitoes. It is there that
the sexual distinction Of these germs
commences; that is to say, their repro
duc,ion aud development, Sometimes
their number exceeds 10, 600 iu one in
diyidual bsdy. According to climatic
conditions they arrive at mssurity slowly
or rapidly. Then the capsule which con-
tsins them breaks; they flow into the
viscsre of the anophele, thence into the
sali7ary glands aad thence to the bite
Of the insect. The mosquito, when he
bites or pricks US, inoculates into the
wound tiny qusutity of this saliva
contsiniDg the germs. And as ne does
not get rid Of his poisonous provision IN
any single bite, the same no:quito may
infect several persons, one after the
other, il a sigle night. One single bite
is sufficient to provoke beautiful case
og malaria which may last man life
time OF carry him to the grave in four
days.
When man is thus bitten and infect
ei the red globules Of his blood COM
Enonee to alter, after about twelve days.
Il is st this moment that the feverish
symptoms Of chi,ls snd hushes begin to
show themselves. These fevers are
slight CT strong, long or short, accord
log TO the maIlgnisy Of the individual
parasites with which he happens to be
lnocalsted, and according to the season
in which he contracted the Infection.
IL the spring taey are lighter than in
sumner or autumn. They generally
reappear each succeeding year. Dr..
Manson took WITH him to London a
quantity of infected mosquitoes, which
re caused to bite his son, who had never
been outside Of England in his life. he
nevertheless developed typical attsck
Of Intermittent fever.
Malaria, therefore, is 8 mslsdy whose
contagious character manifests Itself
uniquely in places where there are ano
phele mosquitoes aad during the warm
season. Vegetation, temperature,
s.agnsnt waters aud marshy ground
combine powerfully to spread the evil,
because they make conditions favorable
for the propagation OF both mosquito
and germ. But there are localities
like Poestum-whicn nsve become only
recently infected; aad it is clear that
mslaria may be either brought into a
neighborhood or stamped out Of it.
Rome remains for some reason free from
malaria, though surrounded by an in
fected zone Of the worst kind. The
stamping out Of malaria, which has
been accomplished in the towns Of
Metaponta and Sibsris, has become the
great hygientic work Of Italy: Every
thing demonstrates that the disease is
not caused by any conditions Of "bad
air" as its name originally indicated.
In 1899 Dr.. Celli began his expert
ment on the railway employees Of the
Roman Campsgna in search Of pre-
ventive regime. He choose two points
known to bs the most olassically mals-
rial, Cervsra and Pontegalera. These
experiments interested ;hs whole scien-
tits world. The celebrated DR.. Koch
came to follow them and the English
Government sent a commission which
installed Itself st Ostis.
Similar experiments were begun in
the infected zone Of the province of
Salerue by Dr.. CRASH He established
his quarter generate at the railway
stations Of Albsnella and St. Nicola
Varco, or the Naplts Reggie Calsbria
line, ia the midst Of desolate, muddy
countryside, inhabited only by troops
of domestic bufa!oe5. They we're 50
successful that they have been con-
tinued each summer since, and the
present year will see great extension