davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1901-02-17
Weekly Bank Statement.

New York, Feb I6.-The weekly
statement five days. of averages of
the associated banks shows: Loans,
1913 623, 600; increase $19. 333, 500. De
posits, $1,011, 229 600; increase, SIG, 735, 600.
Circulation, $31, 15S 500, decrease, $73, 800.
Legal tenders, $72, Az, 800: decrease,
$649, 400. Specie, S193, 213. 400: decrease,
syst 200 Total reserve, 1855, 6S4, 200;
decrease, s., 226, 400. Reserve required,
$252, 832, $50; increase, $4,I83. 775 Sur
Plus reserve, $12,852, 450; decrease, ST.
510.175.
The New York Fiuancier says: For
the first time in their history the clear
ing house banks of New York City re-
port deposits in excess of one thousand
million dollars, standing at 81 oil .329,-
600. These deposits are net and include
only actual items entering into that
definition The gross deposits are in
reality much higher. The constant
growth of the figures since the opening
of the year has been little less than
amazing Since Jan deposits have
expanded more than $4,000 coo and
loans $40, 500 600. Despite the strain on
their power to which these increases
subjected the banks, they hold within
about $40. 500 600 as much excess reserve
as was reported at the opening of the
year BIT the current statement shows
practically the same operations that
have been in evidence now for several
weeks. Loans increased for the week
$40 1873, 500, of which amount five large
banks report the largest proportion
and deposits expanded SIS, 735, 100, trace
able also to a few Institutions.
The important feature of the state
menU in a measure rests in the Tevela-
ton of the diminishing shipments of
money to this center from the interior,
and the absorption of cash by the
treasury, The cause of this weeks loss
having been fOrecasted in this analy-
sis last week How long the present
operations in the loan market will
continue is uncertain, but it needs no
superior judgment to show that with
the loan item growing at an unprece-
dented rate, producing prOpOrtiOnate
expansion of deposits, and with actual
cash decreases going on, the surplus
reserve must be seriously affected
The decrease in this item for the week
was S7,510 175, which brings the present
surplus to SD So. 450 Last year the
surplus fell from $4,000 600 on Feb. Il
to less than So. 600, 600 on March = and
the leading causes are more pro-
nOuuced now than then. Syndicate Op-
eratiOns are responsible for the ad-
vanceS shown of late. It is interesting
to note that while the increase in the
loans of sixty-three banks since Jan
have been $40 000. 600. two large banks
are responsible for nearly $40. 600. 900 of
the entire gain. and six banks identi-
fed with the same or similar interests
have expanded their loans nearly $40,
500 600 or 81 per cent and over IF the
total gains, since January. This
throws a strong light on the character
OF the years expansion to date.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1901-02-17

PAPER. 35k@43z per cent; sterling ex-
change weak and nominal, with actual
business in bankers bills at 4SIss for
demand and 4849s for sixty days; post
ed rates. 4.S504851a and 4SS15@4-S9;
commercial bills. 4S3iad4S4.
Silver ~@rtihcates, 62d63.
Bar 81 = SIS.
Mexican, 5llars. 47#.
State boz. inactive; railroad bonds
steady; government bonds steady; re-
funding Is, 1858 IS. reg. and coupon,
1903 new As, reg. and coupon, 1874 !;
old As, reg, 1874 old As, coupon, 1874;
IS, reg. and coupon, 110%.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1901-02-17
Chicago Livestock.

Chicago, Feb. 5.-Cattle-Receipts, 2e0
Market nominally steady. Good TO prime
steers. 490d6.00; poor 20 medium, 3 40a
j. 50: stockers and feeders. 265d4.50: cows
25O0AI5; heifers. 260d435: Gamers. 175d
2.40; bulls. 25004.25; calves. 4.00d6.50;
Texas fed steers. 1901. 20; grassers, $500
8 80; bulls, 2.50d3.60.
Eogs-Receipts today. $1,000: Monday
5000; estimated left over 2609 Market
about steady Top. 5471z; mixed and
butchers, 5.30d5.45: good to choice heavy.
5.49d5. Az; rough heavy, 5.2505.35 light
5-5Od5. 421a. bulk of sales 5.35GI5 A21s
Sheep Receipts 1900 head Market
steady. Good to choice wethers. 3. 75G4 50.
fair 20 choice mixed, 3.5ld395; western
sheep. 3.S0a4.59. Texas sheep. 2 59T3 e9-
native lambs, 4.259530: western lambs sea
05.30
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1901-02-17
Kansas 60 Livestoek.

Kansas City. Feb 1G-Cattle-R Receipts
20o Steady. Native steers, 440G5.40; Texas
steers, 3.75ft4 50: cows. 270d3. 50; native
cows and heifers, 2.50d4. %: stockers and
feeders, 3-50d475: bulls. 3.0004.25; calves
5.J0d67 70.
H0g-Receipts. 5000 Easy. Bulk OF
sales. 5.30d5.40. Heavy. $500. 4215: pack
ers. 5.30d5.40; mixed, 5-2505.S5 5; light, 515d
$50; workers. 5.1505.25; pigs, 4540559.
Receipts. 200 Steady. MuttOns,
375d445; lambs. 4S0d5.20
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1901-02-17

Nominally unchanged. Native beef steers.
4.e0a5.39; western steers, 3.7014. 20: Texas
steers, 3p)n3.S5; COWS and heifers 3.G060
4-e9. Gamers. 1.756I2S5, st0ckers and feed
ers, S.25d4 20. calves, 4.o0d10O; bulls, stag
etc. 25GnA25.
Hogs-Receipts 1o.200 Shade lower.
Heavy. 5.271z15.52la. mixed. 5.25d5. . y !:
light, SPA d5.21Jz; pigs, 4.50a5. 10; bulk of
sales. 5.271z
sheep Receipts. 300 Steady. Yearlings.
17e004.75. Wethers. 400Q4. 10: ewes. 3.500
$50; common and stock sheen, 3.60d3. s.:
lambs { 5fF75. TO-
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1901-02-17
Metal Market.

New York, Feb. 15.-Trading in the
market for metals was comparatively
light today. The absence of advices
from abroad served to check business,
and quotations were generally IN
changed.
Tin was quiet, at 26.SO026.S71a.
SDelter steady, at 3.95@4.00-
Lead, dull, at 4311a-
Copper duh and nOminalIy quoted at
1850 for Lake Superior and 16.005s for
casting and electrOlytic.
Iron was quiet all round at old prices.
Pig iron warrants, 9.50610.50; northern
foundry, 15.0O@16.50; southern foundry,
14.50015.75. and soft southern foundry,
13O001575
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1901-02-17
BENEDICT ARNOLD
IN A NEW ROLE
Edward B. Clark in Chicago Times
Herald9


Edward b. Clark in Chicago Times
Herald.9
It is q Daughter of the Revolution
Mrs. Gilbert w Warren of Uion. n ".
who has brought attention to well-nigh
forgotten fragment of Arnold history.
Mrs. Warren is a descendant OF Colonel
William Ledyard. who was killed with
his own sword after he had surrendered
IL to an officer serving under Arnold.
Naturally Mrs. Warren would not be
moved by any hereditary love for Arnold
TO start her digging up nice things about
him. 1t happened. however. that Mrs.
Warren's husband is collaterally descend
ed from General Joseph Warren, who fell
At Bunker Hill. This fact led TO the dis
covery of something which was used as a
sort OF Offset to AFnOld7S treatment of the
uniuCky Americans who met his forces
Thames General Arnold had met Gen
erat Warren in the early spring of 1913,
for him. When Warren was killed It was
found that he left no means for the sup
port and education of his four children.
Arnold became deeply interested in the
matter and brought the clliidren's condi-
ton to the attention of the continental
congress, which promised to do something
- - AItsAS OlitsA oul City -uaAiled over
the matter Arnold had an idea that the
congress might not act quickly and so he
wrote letter of tender 5oliCitude to
Mercy SChOllay. who was caring for the
Warren children, their mother having died
some time before. Ia this letter Arnold
nearly impoverished himself sent an or
ger IOr S5VV WITH instructions that he
should be drawn upon for more as soon as
it was needed. This contribution of the
traitor saved Elizabeth, Joseph Mary and
Richard Warren from restitution Arnold
was not satisftel with this but he wrote
squirting letters c. Sam Adams and John
Hancock of the committee which had the
proposed congTe ssiOnal appropriation ia
hand Then ne sent home more money
and said: Send Richard, who is now old
enough. to the best school that can be
found, clothe him handsomely, give him
a mo fofsa INV
further expense"
. e, q
How much for thought may be found in
one of the letters of Benedict Arnold,
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1901-02-17
An Eye to the Future.

tCnlCaEO ITibune1
Ragged, hungry and dirty, De Soto
stood at last on the banks Of the Great
Father OF Waters and gazed mournfully
at the filthy stream
Mo- ne said, sternly mOtioning aside
the young man with the camera. who was
about TO photograph the historic scene
Leave that to the painters of the future,
VINO viii picture me III gorgeous uniform.
sitting astride my magnificent war horse,
surrounded by a gHttering CaValcade and
waving a gold handled sword in triumph
POsterity must not be deprived of one of
its greatest works of imaginative arti''
Then turning to one OF the gaunC and
tattered pilgrims who accompanied him
he babe him catch and skin a catfish Cor
sunnPP.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1901-02-17
A Bread That Has a Reputation is
ROYAL KulAI ROYAL
BREAD FED BREAD
Winona Paner Sid

Winons, Mimi, Feb. 16-The an
nOuncement was made today that the
Winona Republican has been sold TO
Fred n. Van Duzee, proprietor of the
WinOna Herald, and Scott Lard and
the two papers VIII be consolidated I'M
der the name of the MinOna Republican
and Herald. d. Sinclair, editor of the
Republican, retires after q continuous
connection with the paper for forty
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1901-02-17
Pacific Coast Grain Markets.

San Francisco. Feb. 16-Wheat-S Steady
December 1864: cash, 1914.
Barley-Steady; May 6S&; December,
6S1a
Corn-Large yellow, 1.121zd1-15.
Tacoma Wash, Feb. 16.--W heat
Steady and quiet. Bluestem, 571k cents;
club. ) cents.
Portland ore. Feb .-Wheat-Steady
with some sales of Walfa. Walla reported
at 550551a cents. Cleared. French bark
General De Boisdeffre, for Queenstown
with 3 .079 bushels of wheat and SO, 3S3
bushels of barley.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1901-02-17

Denver, FEB, 16-Cattle. Receipts, 500
2-25G3. %; feeders, freight paid to river.
S.9oa4 %; !stockers. freight pai6 to river,
3.G0G4J0; bulls, stays. etc, 2091I3 p.
Hog=Receipts $50 Steady Light
packers, 5-20d5.25; mixed and heavy, SIS
$3.50
No sheep.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1901-02-17

We. could give you hundreds of testimonials
such as the above, but we know you do not ques-
ton the merits of the work. Every one who sees
it has nothing but words of praise for It, and we
know you intend getting it. But our advise to you
now is DO NOT DELAY if you intend getting it;
the sooner you get 1.-THE quicker you derive the ben
efs from it. The complete set will BE- delivered to
you on receipt of a small first payment. the balance
payable monthly at your convenience.
If you will mail the attached coupon, we will
send you FREE OF CHARGE complete inforna
ton and specimen pages.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1901-02-17
London Money Market.


London. Feb. 16.-The demand for
money was brisk today, though less
keen The supply was not large. Dis
counts were easier on gold arrivals and
the promise of more from France. Tt
is anticipated that the bank rate viii
be 4 per cent next week. NOtWtth-
standing the current execution Of
easier money, various influences indi-
cate a tendency to fitful scarcity for
off two millions next week. The rev
enue collections. about normally heavy,
have been swollen by clearances Of tea
and other dutiable goods, owing to
fears of an additional taxation bill
The market, therefore, is uncOmfort-
able. Certain brokers are working down
discounts aIlured by the small i'm
ports of gold. and the prospects of in
crease in the near future. The mainten-
ance of high rates for money, COM
pared with Paris, Berlin and New
York, is attracting gold.
Commenting On the fact that the
gold shipments from New York TO
Paris are exercising the minds of many
people in the United States, who alIege
that the act of congress of last March
stimulated the bank note issue, caus-
ing a redundancy of currency, the
Statist thinks its New York contempt
raries are alarmed without cause at
the ucldiiS OF the great output OF SOlQ
from North America. 1t says:
Considering the magnitude of the
production in the United States and
the length of time it has been accumu-
latng, the wonder is that much more
is not shipped than is actually sent
abroad The fact is that so much has
20 be retained at home that public
opinion begins to get uneasy if much is
sent away. 1t only illustrates how I'M
wise has been the currency legislation
Of the past quarter of d century and
how urgently necessary it is that the
government should get out of banking
as soon as possible
The Statist eXtolls the English bank
ing system. and adds.
If our American contemporaries. in
stead of declaring their circulation re-
dundant and lamenting the gold ex-
ported, would urge the need of scien-
tific reform of the whole currency and
banking system, they would be doing
an immense service to their country
and would Indirectly confer material
benefit on all the other forward coun-
tries. for with a really good currency
and banking system, the people of the
United States would find they already
possess enough gold Or, if report led
them TO think more was needed. a very
snort time would give all they required.
Then the immense surplus production
of the continent would be available to
the rest of the world
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1901-02-17
Coffee and Sugar.

New York Feb. 16.-Coffee-Futures
closed barely steady in tone with prices
net unchanged to 8 points lower. Total
February. $50; March so: Mays $50: July
and September. 5.S5; October. SIS: Novem-
her, SEQ and December, $40 Spot Rio,
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1901-02-17
Condition of the Treasury.

Washington, Feb. 16.-Todays state
ment of the treasury balances in the
general fund, exclusive of the S150,000,
coo gold reserve in the division Of re-
demption, shows: Available cash bal
ance, S144, 353, 596; gold, $50, 904, 40S.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1901-02-17
River Steamer Sunk.

New Orleans, Febs 16.-Advices re-
ceived in this city announce the sinking
of the Red River line steamer Gem, in
Red river, above Shreveport. No lives
were lost. The boat had a cargo Of $40
bags OF cotton.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1901-02-17
GRAIN AND PROVISIONS.
Corn Closes a Week of Remarkable
Strength.


Chicago, Feb I6.-The corn market
concluded a bull week with it's activity
and strength undimnished and prices
on a new and higher level. 1t ap-
preached the enyirOns Of the natural
squeeze. The talk was of empty cribs,
of farmers who showed no disposition
20 sell, and of the exceedingly poor
showing Of new arrivals when they
came under the eye of the inspectors.
May opened 1s@hc lower, at 4O3s to
40Jz under pressure from outside inter
ests. TIE crowd, however, was bulliSh
almost to a man, and the market rallied
to 40$z. On the advance there was re-
newed outside buying, led by St Louis
interests, but on realizing sales May re-
acted to 409s. Under a heavy general
demand the price shot up to 41A, and
soon after 9s@94 over yesterday, at
IA. closed with the demand still clam
OrOuS.
The Spartan spirit of the bull inter
est in wheat became apparent when,
with only the reflected strength of corn
TO help it, the wheat price was main
tanned against d collection of beariSh
news. Liverpool and continental cables
were weak May wheat aOpened Il q &c
lower, at 1914 10 1915, and rallied with
corn TO 1854 during the forenoon. Fol-
lowing this the market responded to the
break in corn by dropping to 1914 Q753s.
The final upturn in corn carried wheat
up to 751a0T59s, and the close was I'M
changed at 1872.
Oats were fairly active and higher, in
sympathy with corn. May closed Il a &c
higher, at 252s.
Provisions were moderately active.
The market opened lower because of
heavy hog receipts. An advance fol-
lowed in response to the corn strength,
but this merely served to cause selling
by local interests. and the market re
acted and closed easy. May pork closed
Sc lower. and lard and ribs each 21kc
depressed.
The leading futures ranged as follows;
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1901-02-17

quiet; No. : invoice. rs; mild, quiet; Cor
dova. Sdl21a.
SugaT-S :. Ialr reIlnlng, 59t. cen
refined, quiet; standard A SO: c0nfec-
TONERS. A, 80, mould A. SIS; cut loaf.
500; crushed, $50; powdered, $50; granu-
lafed s q. cNheS 20.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1901-02-17

San Francisco, Feb 16.-Nevada. 11d13;
eastern Oregon, 10U13; valley Oregon, 1461
plains, sal; Humboldt and MEDICINE, 10
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1901-02-17
A Woman with a clear Complexion

and q bright eye keeps her bowels ae-
tive and her stomach in good order
Lanes Tea is a pleasant laxative and
q great digestive aid It clears up the
complexion, drives the yellow from the
eye, and keeps the kidneys in a health
fuI condition. Get a 25c. package and
try it tonight. For sale by GOdbe-Pitts
Drug company, salt Lake City, Utah.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1901-02-17
St. Louis wool market.
- F,.onniscn Wnnl hrarl.nt

St Louis Feb 16-WOOI-Weak and de-
Ginning. Territory and western mediums,
141zq161z; fine, I11zd1412; coarse, 111aa14.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1901-02-17
Butter and Eggs.

Chicago. Feb 16-On the produce ex-
change today the butter market was
active. Creameries. 14d1l2; dairy, HIGHS.
Cheese-Active; 10i4G13S4.
EgCs=ActiVe: fresh. 10
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1901-02-17

philadelphia Record
NelI-Jack kissed me the last thing
Belle imagine that would be The last
thing he'd think of doing
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1901-02-17
Loans, Exchange and Silver.

New York, Feb. TsLClose. Money !
on call, nominal; prime mercantile |
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1901-02-17

Do Is. $3.50. 81
.Union Pac. Is 1855
Wabash Is. ..-la
Do rs. .l105z
West Shore Is -.1l5
Wis Cent. is 1914
Va, Cent .. IS
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1901-02-17

Omaha Livestock.
Omaha. Feb. .-Cattle-Receipts, 500.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1901-02-17

"I am acquainted with the Home Study Circle Libra
ry and consider it one of the valuable
sets of books that can be put into any home.
It is calculated bring the treasure stores of knowledge
within the reach of ALL it certain add the intellectual
equipment and consequent productive power of the
of the people, and therefore render important service
to the present generation.
ALFRED II. HENRY
pastor First NJ E. Church, Salt Lake City.
Ian. Y, 1901"
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1901-02-17

How much for thought may be found in
one of the letters of Benedict Arnold
traitor. written to Miss Schollay Just be-
fore his treason He had sent some more
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1901-02-17

] Open High / Low Close.
I TsP 4 5 2a 5 2a74 3 81. 3 ~
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1901-02-17

Open High. Low. Close.
Feb ...I...-.....-i ..-..--...i -.......--l 13.g5
May o.. 14,1212+ 1870 14.O11zI I4.15
Akron daily Democrat. [volume] (Akron, Ohio) 1892-1902, 1901-11-07

from the first idea of engraved rolls
a cumbersome cutting room, many sep.
arate shoe parts, booking, cementing
and building up by hand, wooden lasts
vanishing and the long slow cure in
the dry heater. To bring the business
down to the basis that other lines OF
rubber manufacture have reached
calls for the elimination of the more
costly of the processes above mention
ed, and the production of goods that
are better in respect to appearance
wear and cost. A careful examination
of new processes and product leads the
editor of The India Rubber World to
state unreservedly that an absolute
revolution in the manufacture of rub
ber footwear of all kinds is now at
hand. In its originality, completeness
and simplicity, the new process seems
absolute finality."
Akron daily Democrat. [volume] (Akron, Ohio) 1892-1902, 1901-11-07
KNOWS NO
DISTINCTION.
Rich and Poor Alike Suffer
From Catarrh In This
Climate.

All observant physicians have no.
ticed the enormous Increase In recent
years, and the most liberal and enlight-
ened have cheerfully given their ap-
proval to the new internal remedy,
Stuart's Catarrh Tablets, as the most
successful and by far the safest rem
edy for catarrh yet produced.
One well known catarrh specialist,
as soon as he had made "a thorough test
of this preparation discarded inhalers
washes and sprays and now depends
entirely upon Stuart's Catarrh Tap.
let's in treating catarrh, whether in the
head, throat, or stomach.
DR.. Risdell says, 'in patients who
had lost the sense of smell entirely
and even where the hearing has be.
gun to be affected from catarrh,
have had fine results after only few
weeks use of Stuart's Catarrh Tablets
l can only explain their action on the
theory that the cleansing and anti
septic properties of the tablets destroy
the catarrhal germs wherever found
because have found the tablets equal
ly valuable in catarrh of the throat and
Akron daily Democrat. [volume] (Akron, Ohio) 1892-1902, 1901-11-07

serting his post at the Paris EN-
bassy, leaving the English people IN
Paris without care or protection until
Sir Edward Malet, hearing of the con-
dition of affairs. volunteered and took
charge of the embassy.
When he succeeded to his brothers
title and estates he refused to con-
sent to his bequest of certain articles
of bric-a-brac and art to the late
Queens maids of honor, with whom
the late Lord had been brought into
contact during long term Of SER
vice as a member of the royal house
hold. OF course, Her Majesty and the
entire Royal family took the part of
the ladies-in- waiting, and 1t was only
when forced to do so by the courts OF
law that Lord Sackville surrendered
the articles bequeathed to them.
Then, too, he achieved unenviable
fame by trying TO screw a small rent
out of the people of Stratford-op-
Avon for the ground on which stands
the Shakespeare fountain presented
to the town by the late George Wash
ington Childs, of Philadelphia.
His squabbles with the people OF
Sevenoaks in connection with his en-
deavor to prevent them from availing
themselves of certain rights of way
across remote portions of Knole Park
| have repeatedly attracted attention.
Finding that the law was on their
side. he stocked that portion OF his
property with herd of very savage
boars, which frightened the people
away, and which every now and again
escaped from the park and spread
terror in the district.
The circumstances under which he
was turned out of the United States
for having rendered himself guilty Of
an unwarrantable interference in a
Presidential election Will doubtless be
remembered. He received hfs pass
ports from the Secretary of State
} Bayard, acting under the orders Of
!. President Cleveland, who might pos
sibly have overlooked the affair HAD
II not been for the awkward situa-
ton which he had created for every
body in Washington by establishing
! his family of admittedly illegtimate
, children at the British Embassy,
forcing them on the official society
of the capital. which through pity
| for the poor girls was reluctant to
close its doors against thems