The representative., 1901-05-30
HON school eARDel9 ARE
CONDUCTED IN SWEDEN

l.
perts from % cchsu1atss &C Stockholm and
oethspbsrg, sxplainlas the system em-
utoyed IN the school gardens in Sweden
I4teresting information r found IA these
reports. The largest nursery in Sweden y
tho Do-oallsd experiment ground near Stock
holm. belonging to the royal academy of
axr4culturs. There arc many others, how
eyer. IN the southern and central provinces:
also In the northern part 6f the kingdom,
as far north. indeed. ~ Lulea. The meth
DDS employed In propagating trees and
shrubbery are the same a. In other coun-
| tries.
The process Of development which gar
dsning in Sweden has undergone Of late
years u to be attributed in large measure
to the encouraging example Of number Of
large estate owners, and to the interest
taken In the subject by the government,
agricultural societies and private associa-
| tions.
Besides the two important botanical gar
dens at Upsala and Lund. which are more
| especially intended for academic tuition,
there are the experiment grounds Of the
royal academy OF agriculture, where many
park apd fruit trees and ornamental shrubs
are found.
ment grounds Of the royal academy of agri-
culture and the school Of the Swedish Hor-
ticultural society are the chief educational
I institutions relating to agriculture in the
Kingdom instruction In gardening is also
impaired at the Bergfus gardens near
stockholm; at the agricultural schools Of
Ultima and Alnarp; and at the schools Of
agriculture distributed over the whole
kingdom-all these institutions being un-
der the control Of the royal academy Of
agriculture.
The flrmest basis for this branch OF
culture, says Axel Georgii, the vice-consul-
general at Stockholm, Lies however in its
being made subject Of national education
Gardening is taught at the seminaries for
national school teachers and at the ma
tional schools in the kingdom. School gar
I dens have been established. The different
parishes must grant the necessary ground
for these gardens which contain the usual
culinary herbs few medical plants an
0rboretum, etc. The children are taught
the best methods of gardening, and each
year they receive trees and shrubs to plant
at their own homes.
The agricultural societies employ So
called master gardeners OF the province,
who aid the public with advice and infor-
nation. Horticultural societies, to the
number OF about 20, spread all over the
kingdom, and are active in promoting ex-
hibits, printing and distributing publica-
tions, imparting instruction, and supplying
plants and Seeds
The American consul at Gothenberg,
writing on the subject, says:
After the Swedish Horticultural society
had for about four years carried on ex-
clusively practical or mechanical expert
ments in Stockholm, the society in 1912
established gardening school. In 1886 the
state granted the school a yearly allowance
OF 1886, which allowance in 1858 was in
creased to s., ,072, and in 1860 to $1,206, but
was subsequently reduced to $1O72 per
year In 1862 the school was removed to
ROsendal, where 1t still is located. The in
structicn, both theoretical and practical. is
under the supervision Of the trustees Of the
Swedish Horticultural society, which has
garden near the Rosendal CASTLE from
which different plants are sold. The stu
dents live at the school and receive free
lodgings light, fuel, and medical attend
ance-also- the most necessary books-and
receive the first year 1922 and the second
year $3.50 per month. The instruction in
this school embraces:
"(a) Elementary courses: Writing, ar
ithmetic, geometry, surveying and leveling.
and botany
"(b) Special or practical courses; Sci
ence of cultivation in general; instruction
as to the influence of soil, water heat,
light and air on plant life: special plant
culture; care of hotbeds, care and pruning
OF fruit trees and berries, and promology;
Horticulture and raising OF plants for parks;
care of plants in greenhouses, planning OF
gardens, and drawing pertaining to garden
ing; construction OF greenhouses, etc.; be-
sides this the students have to write essays
on the subjects stated.
"(cl Mechanics: Simple woodwork paint
ing and bricklaying.
."There are about Is students in this
school, and. three permanent and two ex
ira teachers. In order to be admitted the
applicants need not possess any other edu-
cation than that received in the common
public school.
"The Bergius Gardening school was es-
-tablished about 1910, by Prof. P. J. Ber-
gius, and was donated to the Royal Acad-
emy of Science, to which it still belongs
There are five teachers, and the instruc
tion is about the same at Rosendal
The number of students is 10; no public ex-
aminations are held.
'"The Ado and Sabyholm Gardening school
has been recently established. 1t is pri-
vate institution, and / have not received
any data concerning it.
"The gardening school at the agricul-
tural experiment station, Albano, belonging
to the Royal Agricultural Academy, was
established in 1917, although theoretical tut
tion was not started until 1892 In the year
1900 the functions of the school were ex-
tended for the purpose of furnishing the
students more complete course of in
structiOn. This is now supplied by eight
teachers, and includes the following sub
jects: Plant nursing, fruit raising, and
pomology; Horticulture and raising Of vege-
tables, planting of gardens, construction of
greenhouses, surveying and leveling; botany,
entomology; agricultural chemistry, instruc-
tion about soils and fertilizers arithmetic
and geometry the Swedish and German
languages. and drawing. 1t is two-years
course, lasting each year from the 1st of
April to the 31st Of October, during which
time the students receive free instruction,
lodgings lighting, fuel medical attendance
and medicine, and the. first year 40 cents
for each working day and the second Al
cents per day. There are 80 students, half
Of whom leave the school yearly after hav-
ing gone through the two-years' course.
AT the Alnarp agricultural institute, in
the province of Skane, there has been es-
tablished since 1876 school for young men
who intend to become gardeners. The stu
dents receive free lodgings and fuel and
the first year $2.6S and the second year $402
per month. They must themselves provide
food, lights and books. Only public school
education is required for admittance The
school, receives yearly from 'Malmohus
Lans Hushallningssallskap (the Agricultur-
al Society of Malmohus County,, sum Of
about $536.
"Six students leave every year: the
course lasts two years, and there are usu-
ally IL students, but sometimes IA to 16.
Public examinations are held at the school.
which Is under the supervision Of the
. trustees Of the agricultural institute. The
theoretical instruction given by seven
teachers, takes place during the winter
two evening hours. This part of the course
embraces:
"(a) Elementary subjects: Chemistry.
geology, physics. arithmetic, writing and
botany.
''(bl Special subjects: Raising OF fruit
trees bn cold soil and under glass, pomolo-
gy, raising Of flowers on cold soil and in
hn%H nj Anr