Evening star., 1901-10-14

sical features Of the remaining four-tifths
were partly supplied by imaginative
mapmakers or left a blank on the charts
given to the public. In 1900. approximately
ten-elevenths OF the earth's land surface
may be described as known and only one
eleventh unexplored. In fact, much less
than one-eleventh remains unknown, for
the unknown area is SO distributed in both
hemispheres that nowhere except at the
north and south poles are there remaining
large unexplored tracts. The eighteenth
century has been noted for the explorers Of
the seas. the nineteenth was pre-eminent
in men who split open great continents ard
laid bare to the eyes of mankind their
mount aims, rivers and lakes"
To Explore the Ocean.
The conclusion Of Prof. Grosvenor's paper
Is an interesting forecast '"rhe progress
Of geography in the nineteenth century has
thus opened to the white man almost every
corner in the immense, diverse world, of
which he is a part. But the even more
startling advance In geographic sciences,
or, more truly. the creation of these sciences
during the century, has nearly explained
the manner or origin and formation of the
world itself. Geology, which describes the
nature and forming Of the earthS crust,
tells of glacial action and by means of fos-
silS proves that the earth millions and mil
lions of years ago was covered with life:
meteorology, which studies the conditions
governing the heavy and yet light mantle of
the earth; oceanography, which is begin
ming to explore the lands beneath the
oceans, are all geographic conquests of the
nineteenth century. The dark continent
at the beginning Of the twentieth century
is that immense land surface buried be-
meath the oceans. an area thrice the area
of the exposed land surface. Maury and
Murray and the soundings for the subma-
rine cables have but scratched the surface
as with pin. To solve the many mys-
teries which the oceans hide is the prob
lem of the explorer of the twentieth CEN
tury.' 4
With a paper on "The Growth of Biology
wig begins what might be termed the mis- /
cellaneous section of the report. There are
articles on The Restoration Of Extinct
Animals" by Frederick A. Lucas; Life In
the Ocean," by Karl Brandt; Mature Pic 4
tures," by A. Radclyffe Dugmore: "A Nota-
BILE Advance in Color Photography" '.The
Ovtlaw-A Character Study of a Beaver"
by A. Radcliffe Dugmore: The Breeding
discoveries in Mesopotamia," by DIR.
Frederick Delitzsch; "On Ancient Desemers
o. Steeiyards, by Hermann Sokeland; the
article by Minister WI: Chinese Folk lore
and Some Western Analogies," by Fred
erfck Wells Williams: "The Loot of the
Imperial Summer Palace at Pekin," by
Count D'Herisson; number Of papers on
medical subjects and several monographs
on the life of the late DR.. Huxley.
Minister wu ON Reciprocity.
the United States" seen by his excel
-lency WI Ting Fang, covers ten pages of
the volume. The paper reads like a chapter
In book on applied economics. It Is calm,
discoursive, filled with information and as
modern In It's treatment as any article in
the current magazines. The general trend
Of Minister Wu's argument is that trade
has advanced from "contant maneuver
ON the part of man to sell dear and buy
cheap" that reciprocity is now its key
note; that America has risen to position
of economic productiveness when 'It is i'm
perative for the farmers and manufacturers
of the United States to seek an outlet for !!
their products and goods In foreign mar
kets;" that "China offers the best field for
American industrial expansion" that mod
ern methods are its greatest need" that 'of
all public works China has most pressing
need Of railroads. that the reciprocal need
OF the two nations demands a mutual ''open
door,. that with such mutually open re-
tations and the continued observance OF
honesty IS the best policy the interests