davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1901-04-23
COMPRESSED AIR MOTORS.

Compressed air motors, in lieu of
horse traction, are to be employed for
the propulsion of the vehicles belong
ing to the Compagnie Generate des
Omnibus of Paris. The station for &C
commodating the necessary compress
ing plant will develop from 5000 to
1000 horse power, and the air will be
stored in the main receivers at pres
sure of 1,400 pounds to the square
inch. From these receivers the COM
pressed air will be conveyed to the
distributing stations in weidless steel
pipes from two inches to four inches
In diameter, laid along the roadway.
In order to reduce the possibility of
extensive leakage, through imperfect
joints, the pipes have been manufact-
ured in 64-foot lengths. Each car car
ries eight receivers with a total cap
acity of S,s27 cubic feet, which Is esti-
mated to be sufficient to enable the car
to run q journey of 7h miles without
re-charging, and they can be re-
charged in three minutes. Before the
air passes into the motor cylinders it
is heated by means of small coke
fire. Fifty-two passengers form the
complement of two ears. accommodated
upon two decks.
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1901-04-23

A remarkable man has been found
In the Mississippi valley. His home
10 In st. Louis and his name is Rus
sell q. Gardner. Perhaps there is not
another man in the world like him.
He Ia oontented, absolutely satisfied
with what he possesses. He is only
80 years old, yet he has retired from
business with a quarter million dol
lars which he has made during the
past ten years. He says that making
money is as easy as rolling off log
and believes that any man should Sc
cure enough wealth by the time he is
10 years old to live in comfort the
remainder of his life. In the year 1900
no made too much money and few
days ago distributed $4,000 OF his
years earnings among his employees.
His Rapid Rise
Ten years ago he was working at
his trade of carriage making. He
made up his mind that people wanted
q cheaper, well-made, piano-box bug
by. He reasoned that if he could make
enough of these buggies to sell them
ut close margin he could get rich.
With this idea he started in. Last
year his shops turned out and sold
$4,000 of these vehicles and on each
one he only made $3.50, but the total
net profit exceeded $4,000. His shops
and Offices are fitted up in the most
comfortable style. In them he has in.
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1901-04-23
Princess Imprisoned between walls.


Elevators are by no means the re-
cent invention generally supposed. An
amusing account of what was probably
the first attempt at an elevator is told
by st. Simon and according to him 1t
was from a M. Villayer that the idea
of flying chair" first emanated This
ingenious person set up a passable pro-
totype of the modern elevator In his
house in Paris, working it up and
down between the walls. The daugh-
ter of Louis XIV. was so delighted
with the novelty that she had one put
up in her own apartments at Versail-
les. This honor was, however, the I'M
doing of poor M. Villagers machine.
The chair suddenly stopped moving
while the princess was between two
landings and she had to remain block
ed up for three hours until the work
men broke a hole through the thick
wall. The king was so annoyed at this
that he forbade any further expert
ments in the same line.
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1901-04-23
Such is Russell f..
Gardner of St.
Louis.

troduced many novel features among
which is barber shop. Here his en-
ployes are tonsorially treated and IL
a man calls on business or to have
chat, he is asked to have shave or a
shampoo IL his appearance indicates
that he needs either. Mr.. Gardner
considers this hospitality as more prac-
teal than a treat to cigar or drink.
Then he finds a great deal of fun in
1t. He says that the idea tickles every
one and people talk about it afterward.
thus making ii good advertisement
Employees Get Chance.
Mr.. Gardner has turned his business
over to his employees, but is still the
owner of it. He says that should he
get tired of boating. fishing and gun
ming he will return again to the shops
take off his coat and go to work. He
has no desire to travel in foreign coun.
tries, but will spend his time in the
Mississippi valley, which he considers
the most beautiful and interesting Sec
ton of the world. He has a yacht on
the river and intends to see every Bit
of the noble section from st. Paul to
the gulf, to look up all its tributaries
pry into its bays and bayous and see
its every island and natural beauty.
He is jolly young man, free of care,
full of happiness and with his wife
will enjoy life according to his own
| fancy.
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1901-04-23
RING WITH REMOVABLE SETTING.

with the costume to be worn on spe-
cial occasions. 1t will be seen that the
enlarged surface of the ring is cut out
to form a well of circular shape into
which depression the setting proper
fits, being held in place by the screws
at the sides and center. The different
gems are provided with claw, flush or
bevel mountings, the rear portion in
each case conforming in shape to the
depression in the face of the ring.
When it is desired to change the stone
it is only the work of a moment to
loosen the screws and slip out the
mounting already in the ring. Thus
the amount of gold necessary to mount
the different stones properly is re-
duced to minimum, which has ad-
vantages both in the decreased space
occupied in the jewel box and from
the monetary standpoint.
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1901-04-23
A POST OF VAST POWER.
Grave Responsibility That Rests with
the British Foreign ONCE.

Grave Responsibility That Rests with
the British Foreign ONCE
The man who keeps the British en-
pire in line with the rest of the civil
lized nations stands paramount among
the worlds statesmen. On him, more
than any other man, perhaps, depends
the peace of millions. In his keeping
are the interests of one-Quarter of the
human race. No empire has so many
vulnerable points as his; no mans
acts so nearly affect the empires safe
ty. The words he speaks, the things
he does, may rebound for good or evil
long after he has gone and his name
is forgotten. 1t is, indeed, hardly an
exaggeration to say that the British
foreign office is the guardian of the
peace of the world. An indiscreet
word, careless act, and there is not
a corner of the earth. however re-
mote, where some powder magazine
might not explode. 1t is not a thing
to be lightly talked of, this guiding
of the great British machine. which
may set every fourth man in the world
at war against his three neighbors.
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1901-04-23
New Vegetable Wanted.

Our present garden vegetables are
cultivated varieties of wild species.
Why do not our horticulturists seek
for other wild plants that could be in
troduced with profit to our tables? A
fortune awaits him who does this sue
cessfully, says lie Science Franchise.
We may be shy, at first, of dish of
iris, or saxifrage salad, but the
papers will relate how Bernhard and
Coquelin ate and liked them, and then
the iris and the saxifrage will become
popular, like the potato.
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1901-04-23

! The Chief Inspector of French Tele-
graphs, M. Willot, has communicated
paper to the Electrical Congress in
which he states that it Is his belief
that ether wave telegraphy will soon
become obsolete. He is a well-known
electrician and inventor of telegraph
and telephone devices. He has come
toSthe conclusion that 1t is the earth,
and not the air, through which signals
are transmitted, without the use OF
wires, and that the curvature of the
earth and intervening hills do not in-
tercept the signals, and this suggested
to him the question whether the mat
ter telegraphed left the masts at the
top or bottom. He believes that 1t left
at the bottom, as the signaling is not
affected by wind or fog and is inn
proved by giving the masts good cleo
frical communication with the earth.
According to his theory, communica-
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1901-04-23

exacting position he filed with credit,
until 1865, when he was made a re-
ceiving agent.
In 1870 he became station agent,
and in 1873 he was selected to the po-
sition of assistant freight agent In
this department his work was recog-
nized as being thorough, and he was
promoted in 1881 to traffic manager OF
the Chicago & Grand Trunk When
Hays, who has accepted the position of
general manager of the Southern Pa
cific, became the general manager OF
the Grand Trunk five years ago he
appointed Mr.. Reeve general traffic
manager of the entire system.
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1901-04-23
STATE cAPIToLs.
Buildings Upon which the Tendency
IM to ExuA0d Millions.

Buildings Upon which the Tendency
LIS to Expend Millions.
The cornerstone of 100000 state
capitol for Arkansas was laid recently
at Little Rock A few days ago con-
tract was given out at Jackson, Miss,
for building there new state capitol
at a total cost of nearly $1,000, 900. The
present capitol and grounds at jack
son are of the estimated value of $780,
900, and the Little Rock capitol and
ground of the value of only s25O.000
Many of the older settled states have
capitols which were built many years
ago and were designed to meet condi-
tons which nearly every state has
since outgrown. The capitol of Alaba-
ma, at Montgomery, represents an in
yestment of only $4,000, that of Louis
lana, at Baton Rouge, S250,0O0, the
grounds being included in this esti-
mate; that of Kentucky, at Frankfort,
the scene of the Goebel shooting, $780,
600, grounds included, and that OF
Maryland. at Annapolis, $500, 900.
There has been general tendency to
replace the old buildings by new and
more costly structures, as is being
done in Arkansas and Mississippi.
Thus in Sacramento, the capital OF
California, the new building and
grounds represent total expenditure
of $4,000 00O Austin, Tex, has a s5,-
100000 capitol. Pennsylvania has at,
Harrisburg a $4,000 capitol The
little state of Rhode Island has at
Providence a 100000 capitol, and the
Iowa state capitol, at Des Moines.
represents a total investment of 49,
100000. The Illinois capitol. at Spring
field, represents total investment or
s4, 100000, and the Nebraska capitol.
at Lincoln. represents cost of $780,
600. The Wisconsin capitol, In the
small town of Madison, represents an
investment of $1,000 900, and Michigan
has at Lansing s1,500,000 capitol
In the smaller cities of the country
there are to be found usually the most
expensive capitols, a circumstance
which has given rise to the expression
the smaller the capital town the more
expensive the capitol building" Colo
RADIO has $4,000, 900 capitol, and Wash
ington has completed one at Olympia
costing 81 900 0O0-New York Suu
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1901-04-23

y Peculiar W@Y AAmr8 Rave 20 0~m&4D8
Their Money.
The natives of that part Of South
Africa which to great extent Ia in
habited by bushmen and Hottentuts
have peculiar svstem of banks and
banking. These Kafflrs among whom
this curious system Of banking obtains
live near Kaffraria, in the south OF tAe
Colony country. The natives come
down south from their country TO trade
in the several villages and towns In.
large numbers and then return to KAT
fraria- From those who trade of their
own number they select one, who for
the occasion is to be their banker. Hs
Is converted into a bank of deposit by
putting all the money of those whose
banker he Is into bag, and then they
sally forth to the stores to buy what
ever they want When an article is
this banking arrangement, the price
Of the article is taken by the banker
from this deposit money bag, counted
several times and then paid to tho
seller of the article, after which all this
bank depositors cry out to the banker
in the presence of the two witnesses
selected: You owe me so much"
This is then repeated by the wit
nesses. The general accounting comes
between the banker and his several de-
positors when all desired purchases
have been made. after which all tina
natives depart for their northern vida.
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1901-04-23
THE SAILORS. TERROR.
Navigators Dread Not Wind and Waves,
but Explosions.


but Explosions.
Boiler explosions are the terror of
the sea-faring man." said an old-time
deep-water captain. Such a thing is
bad enough on dry land, but imagine a
catastrophe of that kind at seal In
SO cases out of 100 it means the abso-
lutte wiping out of the craft itself and
every soul on board.
THE average landsman would be
greatly shocked in looking over the
maritime records to see how many
vessels disappear each year and leave
absolutely no clue to their fate. They
run well up to the 100 mark, and such
a mystery is not to be explained away
by storms. A Chinese typhoon may
swoop down like lightning out of a
clear sky and tear a ship to pieces,
but some floating wreckage is sure
to tell the tale A boiler explosion, on
the contrary, will blow hole as big
as railroad tunnel right through the
center of the hull. and the stricken
vessel simply goes down like a shot.
There is no time to unfasten a boat
from the davits or cut loose a spar.
I'm the opinion of seanen, this is
the story of at least 80 per cent OF the
ships that leave port and are never
heard of again. Luckily, the modern
system of marine boiler inspection is
extremely strict and thorough, but it
is impossible to absolutely prevent
earelessness and fraud, and often
enough, no doubt. the fault lies with
the engineer.
There is an old story of drunken
Scotchman who mistook the thermom-
eter for the steam gauge and 'cussed
out the stokers because he couldn't
get the pressure above so. That yarn
will hardly hold water, but I've seen
cases almost as bad. / am glad to say,
however, that during the past ten
years there has been a steady diminu-
! ton in the number of vessels which
'mysteriously disappear That is due,
beyond all question, to the increased
stringency of boiler inspection, and
! the greater strictness of examinations
before a license is issued to engineers.
Nevertheless, there is still consider
able room for improvement in both
branches"
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1901-04-23
y&NCzENGE AND
hSlgP RoGREss.

lion is kept up through geological beds.
IN which the electricity of the earth has
the same tension, SO that disturbance
on one point at the same electrical
level creates swell in the lower level,
leaving the higher and lower strata
comparatively undisturbed. He pro-
poses to tap these levels by means OF
shafts and measure the electrical ten
sion with the electroscope. The French
Telegraph Department has appointed a
committee to sink the shafts to ascer-
tain the distribution of electrical levels.
M. Willot considers that he can con-
struct an apparatus which will meet
every case.
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1901-04-23
Horse Shoe. weighing Ono ounce.

The smallest horse probably that
was ever fitted with a set of shoes by
any horseshoer in California occupied
place in the shop of Howard G Mill
lerick of Petaluma few days ago. 1t
was a six-months-old Shetland pony.
one OF band a Los Angeles man was
bringing down from Mendocino coun-i
ty, where they had been pastured dur
ing the summer. The rough roads had
worn its bare feet and necessitated
shoeing. The shoes. fashioned out OF
steel bar, when fitted to the pony's
feet were trifie larger than a silver
dollar piece and the full set weighed
just four ounces, an ounce Tor each
shoe.
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1901-04-23

The Presbyterian church has under
taken to raise funds on an increased
scale for the beginning of the new
century, and in other ways seeks to
stimulate the growth and effectiveness
of the church Rev. DR.. Charles A.
Dickey of Philadelphia, the moderator
of the general assembly of that deaom-
nation, is devoting his time to the
work, and at present is speaking in
the west. He will visit all parts OF
the Union. The Presbyterians have
not fixed upon definite sum as their
goal, but their aims run up into the
millions. DR.. Dickey's purpose is to
stimulate the faithful to more liberal
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1901-04-23
SUBSTITUTE FOR aUrrApERcHA.


With the increased demand for gut
tapercha for submarine cables and
other electrical work as well as for
golf-balls, the present sources of sup
ply have been severely taxed, and in
many instances a diminished yield has
ensued. The question of finding a
substitute for this material has been
engrossing the attention of many
chemists and botanists, and numerous
experiments and explorations have
been made with this object in view.
One of the most recent discoveries in
this field is lately reported from zanzi-
bar, where tree has been found which
furnishes a sap or fluid that coagulates
when it is placed in boiling
water and forms a substance closely
resembling guttapercha. The tree is
found at --, and when tapped
with knife the sap exudes in the
form of white liquid which coagu-
lates when placed in water. This ma
terfal when cool becomes very hard,
but while cooling it is poastic and can
be nodded into any desired shape. The
tree has a fruit which resembles
peach In shape, but is about as large
as small melon. The new material
Is being thoroughly tested by experts,
and while 1t is not thought that 1t will
prove equal to guttapercha, it is hoped
that 1T can be employed for many of
the purposes for which that article is
now used. If such an event 1t will be-
come an article of commerce, as it
abounds in Zanzibar and can be pro-
duced at small expense.
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1901-04-23
JOHN HUNTER.

Of great assistance to President John
Mitchell in organizing the miners. who
now constitute the greatest labor un~;;
ion in the world. Mr.. Hunter was
warmly received in Great Britain by,
the miners delegate, and brought back
many ideas which will aid him in his
work in the great coal mining sections
of the United States.
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1901-04-23

George B. Reeve, the new general
manager of the Grand Trunk railroad,
Is an Englishman by birth and is SO
years old. He was born in the county
OF Surrey. In 1860 he entered the gery-
ice of the Grand Trunk as clerk in
the freight department, from which,
after two years, he was appointed tele-
graph operator. A year later he was
promoted to train dispatcher, which
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1901-04-23
MINE WORKERS. OFFICIAL.

One of the most intelligent labor
leaders in this country is John Hunter.
district president of the United Nine
Workers of America and fraternal dsi-
egate to the recent British Trades Un-
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1901-04-23

Mrs. Modus-well, George, you
promised me new bonnet. George
I? Promised you new bonnet? Great
Scott When? Mrs. Modus-Before
you married me you swore that never
should disgrace rest upon my head
through you; and what do you call this
shabby thing that's on my head now7
--Tit-Bits.
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1901-04-23
GEMS ARE Observation-Disclosures.

In the accompanying drawing is
shown a new method of mounting
precious stones and initial gems in a
single ring. The idea is to provide
ring which may be worn on all oc-
casions, with means for changing the
jewels at the caprice of the wearer, or
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1901-04-23

REV. DR.. CHARLES A. DICKEY.
giving for all the agencies of the
church, for the payment of debts, for
the support of colleges and missions,
and for the aid of various philanthro-
pies. The church already has a move
ment under way to add 100000 chill
dren to the 100000 already attending
Its Sunday schools.
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1901-04-23
POWER FROM suNsEAMs.
An Apparatus Devised That Produces
10000 Degrees of Heat.

IU,UUU Dexrees OF HeAts
Many a person every day sees the
most powerful engine ever made,
without knowing it. Not wheel goes
round anywhere in the world that is
not driven, indirectly. by the sun. 1t
furnished the coal used in the steam
engine and provides the stream that
drive the water wheel. Without it
there would be no plants, and there
fore no horses, no oxen. no living crea-
ture of any kind.
Great inventors have tried to find a
way to use the suns energy directly.
Everybody has heard how Archimedes
set fire to an enemy's feet by focusing
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1901-04-23

By means of small boxes, called
grace before meat" boxes-put on the
table for the receipt of coppers as q
thankoffering for meals-the total
amount collected by the Salvation
Army last year, is England, was s11.-
900.
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1901-04-23
FOR DESTROYING INSECTS.

packing beneath the guard and the
bark to form tight joint. The cir
cular gutter is provided with two
separate circles of liquid to insure the
death of those insects which might
possibly survive single bath In the
poisonous fluid.
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1901-04-23
HEAD OF RAILROAD.
GEORGE E. REEVE HAS CLIMBED
THE LADDER

From Bottosn Rung TO Top Rung-
Lately Appointed 10 the Highest
Once in the Gift of ths Grand
Trunk.
The Dawson news. (Dawson, Ga.) 1889-current, 1901-08-14

Modern ideas demand higher educa-
ton. especially for boys. The vigor-
GUS intellectual and spiritual life. the
college spirit and enthusiasm among
the students, and the enlarged endow-
ment and increased facilities of Mercer
University at Macon, Ca, make this
institution one of the foremost in the
South. The cost of the course IS very
reasonable. while location. climate and
surroundings are of the best The
President is believer in modern en-
terprise, and the resulting improve
ments are shown very clearly by the
catalogue. which will be sent by Pres
ident p. D. Pollock, Macon, Ga. On re-
quest, giving very full information
about the University.
The Dawson news. (Dawson, Ga.) 1889-current, 1901-08-14

O66 and the negroes $25, $50. The total
returns of the district are S259, 1896, an
increase of ST., 536.
The Third district has property to
the value of S246. 929, of which $2lS, 535
is owned by whites and S28.394 by me-
groes. The increase in this district is
S32, All.
The Fourth districts total returns
are 1892. 7O6. OF this amount the whites
gave in S115, IA and the negroes Sl7,-
562. Increase, 81, 657.
In the Eleventh district the white
returns are Sll9,654 and negro returns
Sl1, 500, total of $l3l, i63, and an in
crease of $1,000.
The total returned by the New Elev-
enth district is $25, 687, of which the
whites gave in all except Sl,O24' In
crease. 50, 745.