davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Olneyville times. (Olneyville [Providence, R.I.]) 1887-1917, 1901-11-22

shaply bar OF iron appropriately desig-
mated as a pig" However. inasmuch
as the very next step in steel-making
il 10 get this metal back into the
Molten shape, the shrewd ironmOngers
who were ever seeking every possible
way 10 save money in the process. con-
cluded that II was simply a waste CT
time and money 10 let the p!g-irSn
cool at ALL and now the molten metal
IS trundled away in broad-mOuthed
kettle1 20 the steel-maklng plant.
II Is essential az this juEcture 20 in
troduce the reader 10 the two different
methods OF steel-making-the Besse-
mer and the "open-hearth" processes.
as they are respectively termed. Up 10
this point the transformation OF the
iron is invariably exactly the same.
no matter what its ultimate destina-
tion may be; but with the end Of the
/ journey OF the railroad train loaded
with half a dozen kettles each con-
tanning full twenty tons OF the bub-
bling. red-tinged mass. comes the part
lng Of the ways.
i"An ii SbIN1"'H4ai StHh4potA'' 'h'
Bessemer process is the more interest
ing Each kettle OF molten iron, as IL
arrives from the blast furnace. is
poured into a still larger caldron known
as the mixer" where IL bOils and siZ-
/ Zles in company with the contents of
/ other Kettles for quite SGl interval OF
time. Next II comes 70 a converter. D."
On egs-shaperd receptacle OF hercu-
lean size and strength, and here once
more II undergoes publication by
means Of another terrific blast OF air,
forced upward through the mass with
such violence that the top Of the con
verter" literally resembles a volcano
The Olneyville times. (Olneyville [Providence, R.I.]) 1887-1917, 1901-11-22

Gd uouB0gIIud 5Ql u9UM ,uoIloB ~
this heroic method is completed, the
molten mass is ready to be poured into
the ingot moulds, where it hardens IN
the form of blocks, each weighing
five tons.
The open hearth method is less
impressive in the eyes of the onlooker,
but it results in the production OF a
better grade of steel. Formerly it was
so much more expensive than the Bes'
senier process that few consumers or
steel could afford to pay the price eX-
acted. but here, as in all other
branches of steel making, costs have
been shaved very heavily of late years
In the open-hearth plant, instead OF a
converter" there are long lines or
furnaces that look like bake ovens ana
in which miniature seas OF White
metal. so intensely hot that you cannot
gaze upon it save through blue glasses,
The Olneyville times. (Olneyville [Providence, R.I.]) 1887-1917, 1901-11-22
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.
; =.
!: American Steel. i
|. by waldon Fawcett. Il,
= -
by waldon Fawcett.

" TEEL, that most useful and,
~ after all. the most valuable
y Of metals. is so prc-eminently
the most important of the pro-
ducts Of Uncle Sans energy, that its
superiority has come, OF late years,
to be universally recognized.
The age of iron has passed and the
Industrial and commercial world now
lives In the age of steel. The latter
metal Is, Of course, an Outgrowth of
that which was once supreme in the
manufacturing world in that the iron
,re must first be converted into pig
ron ere IL can attain to the dignity
,f classification as steel; but the lat
ter commodity Is tougher and more
elastic, and so 1t Is preferred for
The construction of buildings and
bridges and ships and, indeed, every
hing where great strength Is required.
When steel first came into popularity
t cost much more to produce n ton
Of steel than 70 turn out the same
AMOUNT of iron, but a gradual cheap
,ning of processes has been going on,
md now the disparity is not nearly
10 great.
To follow n car of ore in its journey
through the modern steel making
olant is to witness a constant success
sion Of the most stirring incidents and
The most dramatic pictures to be found
anywhere on the globe. The iron ore
arriving from Natures wonderful
.torehouses in the .&Nrthwest, a train
,oad at n time, Is unloaded ny means oi
rOn buckets. each holding more thar
4 ton Of ore which spin back and fortl
! along structures that resemble minia
! ture suspension bridges and carry tn,
| dark red material to the foot of the
| blast furnaces. Here small ears run
! ming on an inclined railroad take th'
! ore and ascend with 1t TO the top of tn,
blast furnace and. upon reaching th'
summit. an ingenious mechanical de
vice overturns the car and tumble
It's contents into great fiery pit whicl
yawns below.
4 blast furnace is nothing more no
less than n gigantic mixing pot ii
which the raw material from tn,
mines. coke or some other form o
fuel. and limestone are churned abou
until each has wholly lost its identit
The Olneyville times. (Olneyville [Providence, R.I.]) 1887-1917, 1901-11-22
An Incident with japan.

In 1864. when the agitation against
foreign intercourse was at its pitch.
the retainers of the Lord of Coshu. "A
eeudal ruler, fired on certain vessels
belonging to the Netherlands, France
and the United States, which were
passing through the inland sea. To
retaliate, these three powers imme-
diately dispatched their warships.
Joined by one of Great Britain. TO
Shlmonoseki. where the flagrant vio-
latlon OF the law OF nations had been
committed. After having destroyed
the town. these powers demanded or
japan a sum OF S3.Ooo.Oo0 as indem-
nifty, which was divided among the
four governments In equal share. The
United States. however, subsequently
finding that the actual expense and
estimated damages on their part were
only Sl5i. .34S. authorized the President
by Act OF Congress. February 80. 1888,
To return the sum of ST50.OoO to Japan,
the fund with interest at that time
having amounted to sl,S31.S23.Ss.- -
Midori Komatz. In The Worlds Work
The Olneyville times. (Olneyville [Providence, R.I.]) 1887-1917, 1901-11-22

he would laugh, neryously for him.
and say:
"Overworked. Nonsense, dear, | do
not do enough work 10 hurt girl
But just the same he was never HIM
self after the first six months ana
finally DR.. Sexton, one OF his stanchest
friends, took him 10 task.
See here, Frank" said the doctor
as they sat smoking In the study alone
you can't fool me. you know. There $
something wrong down at the bank
and whatever 1t is, it's eating your
heart out"
well, Doc, that's right" murmured
Waters, smoking furiOusly and looking
down. For the first time In my HE
I'm worried. I'm short In my accounts
and getting shorter every day"
what" gulped Sexton. choking on
a mouthful OF smoke. "YOu! See here,
Frank, you don't mean to tell me that
you-- Oh, rats"
mo. no, no, Doc! Not that" said
the poor fellow. II never touched n
cent that didn't belong to me. Now
for Gods sake don't suspect me or
dishonesty. That's what strangers
will say, but not you, Doc. The trou-
bic Is that just can't count money. /
make more mistakes every day than
would pay my salary for week. Dur
Ing the rush hours / get ratified. I'm
always overpaylng somebody or un-
derpaying somebody. If man does
not get every penny that is coming to
him he kicks, let's me know right of.
But. oh Lord, Doc, If | gave man
$4,000 too much he'd never come
back. I'm nearly $1,000 behind al
ready and It's growing. don't seem
to be able to improve. just can't
count out large piles Of greenbacks'
The Olneyville times. (Olneyville [Providence, R.I.]) 1887-1917, 1901-11-22

| acted downright selhshly, but I'm not
going TO rob my wife and kids 10 re-
store money that never stole. / told
him 10 20 TO kingdom come"
"You did just right, Frank. Now
be silent. We're ready 10 operate on
that rib and you must try TO brace up. y
You're not going TO operate. Doc"
murmured the patient, trying 10 smile.
"rve changed my mind. / don't think
could stand the pain"
Sexton argued. pleaded and COM
manded. but Frank was as stubborn
as his doctor. He knew he had won
when Doc closed the argument by
threatening 10 use chloroform.
Don't try 10 fool me. Doc" he said.
turning away. II heard you tell my
wife that was too weak 10 survive
an anaesthetic."
The doctors tried II as n forlorn hope
and he never revived.
But President Parkman Is still CON
vlnced his friend and protege died an
unrepentant and cunning thlef-John
II. Raftery. In the Chicago Record
Herald
The Olneyville times. (Olneyville [Providence, R.I.]) 1887-1917, 1901-11-22

be appreciated that the operation OF
n single blast furnace is no inconsid-
cradle enterprise.
In the tapping of n blast furnace
there is presented the first Of those
thrilling pictures which have no coun-
terpart in any other field of activity.
\ handful of men, pitifully pigmy in
appearance besidp. the towering fur
mace with it's tiny, glowing white eyes,
thrust and wrench and pound until an
incison is made low down in this
great tank of burning metal, and then
spring quickly out of the way in order
to avoid the stream of scalding metal
which spurts from the opening, looking
for all the world like luminous por-
ridge
This liquid iron, newly escaped from
the boiling pot, is n deceitful quan-
tity. Apparently it is slow and slug
! gish in its movement. and yet it burns
its way forward with insiduous and
surprising rapidity. The workmen in
charge. black. half-naked figures sill
houetted against glowing back
ground, either guide the furious stream
into ponderous kettles which stand
The Olneyville times. (Olneyville [Providence, R.I.]) 1887-1917, 1901-11-22

plenished every quarter Of an hour
with fresh ore and fresh fuel, there is
forced for hours at time tornado
like blast of hot air, which not only
makes the mass boil more actively, but
also tends TO drive off its impurities.
Ranged near each Of the blast furnaces
are several monster iron tubes, re-
sembllng in general outline the ap-
pearance Of the blast furnace itself.
These are the "stOves" Of the plant and
and in them is heated the air which is
blown through the fiery mass within
the blast furnace, When 1t Is ex-
planned that many present-day blast
furnaces give forth considerably more
than half thousand tons OF iron
every day, and that two tons Of ore,
a ton and quarter of coke and half a
ton of limestone are required for each
ton Of molten metal produced. it will
The Olneyville times. (Olneyville [Providence, R.I.]) 1887-1917, 1901-11-22
The Camera In Gardening.

l.. III. Bailey, In Country Life In
America, gives lesson In gardening.
In Il he says the camera is one OF the
most important aids, and shows some
Of the beautiful photographs which.
we are to suppose. helped him.
The best preparation for garden
ing says Mr.. Bailey, lis to go aiield,
and to see the things that grow there.
Take photographs in order to focus
your attention on specific objects, to
concentrate your observation, to train
your artistic sense. An ardent al.
mirer of nature once told me that he
never knew nature until he purchased
Il camera. If you have camera, stop
taking pictures OF your friends and the
making of mere souvenirs. and try
the photographing of plants and ami
mails and sn.s,l landscapes. Notice
that the ground glass of your camera
concentrates and limits your land
scape. The borderpeces frame IT,,
Always see how your picture looks
on the ground glass before you make
! the exposure. Move your camera un.
I'll you have an artistic composition
one that will have n pictorial or pic
turesquc character. Avoid snapshots
for such work as this. Take your time.
At the cpd of year tell me If you
are not a naturelover. IL today you
care only for pinks and roses and other
prim garden flowers, next year you
| admire also the weedy tangles. the
| spray of wild convolvulus on the old
fence, the winter stalks ot the sun
flower. the dripping water trough 10y
the roadside, the abandoned bird :
nest. and the pose of the grasshopper.
The Olneyville times. (Olneyville [Providence, R.I.]) 1887-1917, 1901-11-22

gold or silver without blundcring.
can't resign, Doc, You know my
friends in business are beginning to
see that I'M failure. I've got to
hold this job. II quit short nobody
would believe was honest. II keep
on making mistakes they'll find II out.
sure. If | go TO Parkman and admit
my inability he'll fire me. Sometimes
| think I'm UP against 1t finally.
wouldn't care If 1t wasn't for the chill
dren. but, 10y George, it'd kill me TO
disgrace them"
Sexton advised him. of course. but
he hung on at the bank and nobody
knew. except the doctor, what allied
him. He became stopped and sallow,
and his seldom smile was but wan
and ghostly reflection of his once mer-
~ heart In five .ears he became an
old man. but he never wavered In his
tenderness for his wife and children,
never murmured against the fate that
was destroying him nor offered to
share his secret with anyone except
the doctor
II was Just after Christmas that
Frank Waters went to bed with acute
pneumonia. Next To- DIR. Sexton. Presi
dent Packman of the First National
Bank was the most frequent visitor tC
| Franks bedside. The worn and wor
ricd wife used To say afterward tina
the old banker seemed 10 think TIT
world OF poor Frank But SeNtoi
knew better though he never unde
ccived her. Pleurisy seized the patien
rs he emerged from the dangers o
pneumonia. and after week OF Nail
doctoring Sexton decided that the onl.
way To save his friend was To reset
rib and drain the diseased pleura pei
manently. II was dangerous under
taking In Waters emanciated cond
ton. but he agreed To II. When IN
doctors came that night Frank sen
for his confident. and insisted on tall
ing with him in private.
Doc" said he weakly. "its all u
; at the banh Nearly $4,000 short. an
he. Parkman. knows IL. Thinks l sto
} II. He was here tonight, Doc. and l
! insists that turn over my insuran'
E to the bank"
7 Sexton waited till the fit Of coughlr
= was over. There were tears In h
A eyes ss he asked: did you do itf'
] mo. Doc. didn't First time ev'
The Olneyville times. (Olneyville [Providence, R.I.]) 1887-1917, 1901-11-22
LETTERS ON PAPER MONEY.
Precautions by the Government Agains'
Connterfeiters.


Talking Of counterfelters. said an
ex-treasury official the other day, puts
me In mind Of one thing that few peo-
pie outside Of the treasury department
know about paper money. Many no.
torlous counterfeiters have been cap
tuErd through their lack OF knowledge
Of IT,"
Here the speaker reached down into
his pocket and fshcd out n 81 bill. II
was new one, and he pointed 70 n
dlmlnutive letter e on the right. under
the bllIs number, and another down
In the other corner.
"NOw," he said. II don't suppose you
can tell me what these seemingly un-
necessary letters are on the United
States bills, nor what they signify.
Well. take any one Of these bills and
tell me what the last four figures OF
It's number are"
The bill was taken and the treasury
man Informed that the last four fig
urcs were $500 Almost instantly he
said: "The letter on that bill Is T."
When the bill was examined the di-
mlnutlve Il was found on It In two
places.
Half n dozen other bills were simi-
larry tried and the eX-treasury official
was able In each case 10 tell what let
ter would be found on the bill. The
letter was always either A, B. G or
-.
"The explanation Is simple said the
expert in paper scrip. "If YOU divide
by four the number on any United
States treasury note, no matter what
It's denomination. you, will, Of course.
have n remainder Of one. two, three
or naught. If the remainder Is one.
the letter on the bill Will be A; II II Is
two, the letter will be Il; II II Is three,
the letter will be c. and If It Is zero,
meaning that It divides evenly. the
letter will be ID.
This Is one of the many precautions
take by the Government against coun'
| terfciters. II Is not an infallible pre-
| caution. of course. but yo" may be
pretty sure II the rule does not apply
the bill Is n counterfeit"
The Olneyville times. (Olneyville [Providence, R.I.]) 1887-1917, 1901-11-22

boil and bubble. like lime in the mortar
box before some building in course OF
erection.
Cast into ingots. these are allowed
t. cool in their moulds, and are then
once more thrust into q bath Of flame
and for the last time reheated. Thence
the metal may be fed into the enor-
nous jaws of giant rolls which flatten
il into plate of various size; 1t may be
pressed into armor for battles1ips by
means of huge presses. or 1t may be
squeezed into long slender strands that
are ultimately cut into bars or railroad
rails. All the while ii remains red hot
and water must be continually poured
over the machinery, with the result
that every time the rolls bite" 4 slab
of iron to force i, into some thinner
form. there is n report like the dis
charge of n cannon.
1t may be stated advisedly that no.
where among the worlds workers are
there men who hourly brave death II
such terrible form as II is presented
70 the steel workers. 4 blast furnace
nay "Lreak-out" and engult the poor.
helpless mcrtals at It's base in an ocean
OF annlhilatng flame; one Of the giant
| ladies hoistcd hither and thlthes by
long. gaunt arms Of steel. may slin
from its place and drown hapless vic
tins in a molten cataract; or soilo
| wr.ggling. snakc-likc cable Cf burn
Inc steel may snarl and tansle and
without an instant's warning. wrap H.
self around some bystarding work
man before he can even turn 70 escape
1t is by the conduct OF s'eel-maEn-
on SO heroic a scale that the Unitc'
States Is being enabled to capture the
stcel markets Of the world. Las, yea
she sent abroad nearly SllSopn.oF
worth OF iron and steel. ~ incrcas
OF one-fourth over that OF the tw'
previous years. and 1t was distributes
amongst all the countries on the globe
The Book World.
The Olneyville times. (Olneyville [Providence, R.I.]) 1887-1917, 1901-11-22

awaiting IL on the railroad cars near
by. or else they allow IL to furrow its
way to little channels cut IN the sand.
A few years ago all the iron from a
blast furnace ran into the hundreds
Of little troughs. each about three feet
long. which dotted the sand fioor all
about the fame-spitting tower. and
when the metal had become quite cold
each tiny trench contained Al IN.
The Olneyville times. (Olneyville [Providence, R.I.]) 1887-1917, 1901-11-22

road? In the illustration we show this
idea carried out under the invention
Of Daniel Connerth and Josef Roth
weller. In order that the appliance
for manipulating the binders may not
interfere with the control Of the horse
on ordinary occasions a separate pair
of cords is provided. leading back TO
the carriage. The blinds are held
normally open by springs on the bride.
being hinged 10 the side straps. \ pull
on the cords throws n lever out from
the rear portion Of the hinge and
The Olneyville times. (Olneyville [Providence, R.I.]) 1887-1917, 1901-11-22

life he had held dozen good positions.
His honesty and amiability were new
er In question, but somehow he never
"made good" as II manager nor as an
executive. Every one Of his associates
liked him, but when the house began
TO realize that ii couldn't cash his gen
tie qualities and that his ingenious
and happy manner was not a quick
asset" IL invariably let Waters 90 and
hired In his place hard-headed, sys-
tematc man with talent for re-
trenchment and the faculty of regard
ing his associates end subordinates rs
SO many pieces of mercantile ma
chinery.
The very attributes which thus
tossed Waters out of SO many good
berths always enabled him TO land Oh
his feet. Prepossessing In appearance,
widely known, loyal and hearty, he
neither worried about the future nor
doubted his ability to finally lodge in
the business for which nature intend
ed him. When he severed his connec.
ton with the Phoenix Elevated Com
pany and remained idle nearly two
weeks his trustful wife began to get n
little worried. She didn't say n word
to him. but in her quiet, wistful way
she would watch him from her bed
room window as he frolicked. boy
among boys. playing baseball I'm the
commons. And sure enough. without
an apparent effort on his part. hc
dropped into "A good thing" before his
involuntary vacation was a fortnight
old.
President Parkman of the First Ma
tional Bank was one OF Franks friends
and when his cashier withdrew he pro
NOTED the assistant cashier and th'
paying teller and so made place
for Waters at the risk of dissat at.sfy ini
dozen old employees Of the instiiu
ton. III there was any jealousy tin
first week of the new teller's presenc
i'm the office dlspelled II. He won hi
way with everybody from the crouch
old Vice-Presldent down To the fires
Office boy. and In six months was th
most popular man In the bank.
II was about this time he began {
lose something OF his old free-hearte
manner. lie quit playing with ih
boys and commenced TO take lionel
walks. We all thought he was worI
ing too hard, but he wouldn't take
vacation, and when his wife insiste
The Olneyville times. (Olneyville [Providence, R.I.]) 1887-1917, 1901-11-22

A tailor told a reporter that n large
rumber of persons In Washington
have what Is known to the tailoring
trade as postal shoulder" This
phrase Is descriptive OF that scapulary
one -sldedness which is particularly no.
ticeable In letter carriers. and which
is also quite common among clerks
and others who write and cipher at
tables or desks. The postal shoulder
Is strlkingly noticeable In Washington
because of the large proportion of the
clerical population to the whole
Washington Star.
The Olneyville times. (Olneyville [Providence, R.I.]) 1887-1917, 1901-11-22

In one fiery boiling mass. The fright.
full heat OF the blast furnace may not.
sr-haps. be better illustrated than by
the fact that its blinCing intensity is
such that a person may not look stead.
ily into this seething caldron even Tor
q few minutes.
The furnace derives hs name from
the fact that through each great
,brswr Of white burning liquid, re
The Olneyville times. (Olneyville [Providence, R.I.]) 1887-1917, 1901-11-22

presses the blinds over the eyes, thus
shutting out the vision Of whatever
has frightened the animal AS soon
as the pressure is released on the cords
the blinds resume their normal posi-
ton by the action of the springs
Philadelphia Record.
The Olneyville times. (Olneyville [Providence, R.I.]) 1887-1917, 1901-11-22
SUGGESTED AUTOMOBILE TRACK.

curing suitable roads or tracks upon
which TO speed their machines should
get together and bald n double-kite
track. something on the order Of the
accompanying Illustration. with a
bridge over the crossway. The track.
he thinks. should be az least eight
miles long and fifty feet wide. with a
level "run-in." A grandstand midway.
he says. would give a commanding
view OF the whole course.
The Olneyville times. (Olneyville [Providence, R.I.]) 1887-1917, 1901-11-22
. RANK WATERS was one Of
Il those lovable. radiant souls
V who literally win their ways
i'm life. Still a boy In spirit


in life. Still n boy In spirit
when his oldest sou was twelve years,
he was the idol OF the gamins Of the
neighborhOod and everybOdy's friend.
The business man Of thirty-siX who
can get more fun out OF baseball
game with small boys In IA vacant lot
than out OF game of draw poker Is
usually a gullcless fellow. Waters
probably wasn't entitled TO the cpl
thet business man." for he hadn't
even the first and simplest instinct Of
a trader. He hadn't the remOtest idea
Of the value of money, and If he hadn't
the responsibility Of family OF wife
and six children doubtless he would
have been content TO earn a bare liy-
ing for himself.
He had no extravagant habits but
generosity to his friends He knew
no more about Board of Trade gam
bling than about faro or horse rae
ing, and that was nothing, and In the
few games Of billiards that he occa-
slonally played he always forgot TO
count for himself. He always earned
a good salary, but never saved any
of It. and the inevitable manner In
which his last dollar disappeared the
night before pay day was n puzzle
which he had long given up as unsolv'
able. He tried to keep tab" and his
frugal. devoted wife did keep n cash
book for nearly year, but when
Frank found that this System" didn't
save any money he gave 1t up.
whats the good of knowing where
It's gone" he laughed boyishly. Its
gone and that's an end to It,"
In the fourteen years of his married
The Olneyville times. (Olneyville [Providence, R.I.]) 1887-1917, 1901-11-22

Paris has always paid S13.5oO a year
10 the detectives who guard the Presi-
dent OF France. but has refused TO do
so longer. and the national govern
ment has assumed the task. Twelve
detectives are hired for the purpose.