davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1901-11-05
FALL FLOWING.

Correspondence of The Progressive Farmer.
The deeper we plow in the fall of
the year, the better will the soil be
for the crops of the following season.
Shallow plowing has it's advantages,
and it's place, but we need to get way
down to the subsoil some time. AL
though most of the fertility and
plant food stay near the surface,
there is much good material that
gradually sinks down below the soil
that is US 1ally turned over with'the
plow. We must get at this to obtain
the best results. Soil and subsolI
may be turned over, pulverized, and
broken up. That is the object OF
plowing. 1t will save the roots OF
plants from using up their vitality
and strength in pushing their way
through the tough, inelastic soil.
Take some lands and examine the
soil below the first few inches. LIS
will be found so hard and compact
6ha6 you canuuG "onuOL OH"U PA''H %
refuse to send their roots down
through it. It is almost physical
impossibility. Consequently we have
surface roots supporting the plants,
and when drought comes they wither
ND and die. What we need are crops
with their feet buried far down in
the soil, so deep in fact that they
will never suffer from the lack of
moisture. This can be accomplished
only by making the mechanical con
ditions of the soil congenial far be-
low the surface. This Is easy Of &C
oomplishment if one will plow thor
oughly, plow deeply, plow until the
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1901-11-05
Raleigh, N. c., November 5, 1901.
A PECULIAR BUT POPULAR FRENCH pLOw.

Noticing in the Consular
port from the American Consul
scripon
CURED that these would
After weeks delay
print herewith reproduction
his picture of the plow. He says
An interesting
From thirty
exhibits of machinery CATTLE
following machinery
displays Company
Co., Mccormick Co., the
Walter A Wood Co., Adance
Harvester Company Bucher Gibbs
Plow Works There displays agricultural machinery
Canada There extensive display
this all
American machine and requires operate
The dairy machinery Switzerland
from
Between hundred
we'll number and horse
small
French
States instead 8soertnng what models
exhibited with double oldbord
above the
of the other
common
growing grain represents
which
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1901-11-05
Agriculture
Eow MUCH SEED WHEAT TO THE ACREl

correspondence Of The Progressive Farmer.
In the fall of 1877 an experiment
vas begun on the farm of the Ohio
State University in seeding wheat
AZ different rates per acre. The ex-
periment was made on rich bottom
land, and although a yield of "a
bu-hels of wheat was harvested from
five peoks of seed, the yield for
seven peoks was 81 bushels. The
next year the experiment was re-
peated with great care, five duplicate
plots of one-sixth acre each being
sown with each quantity of seed,
with the result again that the seven
peck rate of seeding gave enough
more wheat than any smaller quan-
tity to abundsntly compensate the
extra cost of seed.
In 1882 this question was taken up
by the Ohio Experiment Station,
then located on the same farm, and
was repeated nearly every year until
the Station was removed TO it's
present location. The final summing
up of these experiments, made in
1891, included a maximum average
WELD on that soil for quantities of
seed ranging from five TO seven
peoks.
In 1892 the Station was removed
TO it's present location, the soil of
which is naturally far less produo-
tive than that upon which it was
first located, and after a few years
the investigation of this problem was
again undertaken, with the result
that the most profitable harvests
have been reaped from eight peoks
of seed and upward, the nine and
ten peck rates having given the best
returns in unfavorable seasons.
CHAs. E. THoRNE, Director.
Ohio Experiment. Station.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1901-11-05
GOING INTO WINTER QUARTERS

Correspondence Of The Progressive Farmer.
The active well-to-do farmer 60
ing into winter quarters with the
family stock of all kinds and the
fowls and all of his machinery and
smaller tools, gives the matter much
thought. The health and comfort of
the family is the greatest of all cares
and sometimes it is the thing of lit
tie care until Affections come. 1t is
often the case when a farmer is
through with his heavy work that
be drops off the feed and strict at
tention of his horses. Really this is
the time 80 rub and fatten the horse
and let him come into the spring
young and sprightly, with clean
limbs and bright, we'll kept hair.
Machinery should be we'll rubbed
and oiled 80 prevent rust, and all re-
pairs we'll adjusted 80 things will
move off in spring with short notice.
1t is said that most people know bet
ter than they do; this may be mis-
take. If a man thinks that he
knows all about farming, it may be
his greatest mistake, and so he ceases
TO learn. The man who really knows
much about the details of profitable
farming is constant student. When
sman knows thing we'll it acts as
a tonic to stimulate him to the
proper action. A thorough knowl-
edge is apt to wake a man to care
and attention. When loss and gain
is we'll up in the mind it surely acts
as q spur TO motion.
We are now passing the fourth
grand division of the year, and as
the thrifty farmer has gathered
plen6iful of the bountiful grasses,
the next thing is TO know how TO
Oriug out the best results-of fat
and manure. Good stock is of great
value on the farm. Poor stock, poor
tools, poor lands, and d poor farmer
~ HEl y uGCu III lIu6- NO" 4OL ILL
provement. Decide by real calcula
uon now much corn, wheat, oats,
anl the vegetable crop is wanted
iaE6 your best corn land and half
she number of acres that you usually
s7h1 and begin 70 prepare manure
Ior tle acreage. Arrange to plOw
your and we'll at least twice or three
1.oas before planting.
DO not take more than five pigs TO
9aA8 the thousand or fifteen hun
uE5l bounds Of good pork Begin
VIII WIN the pigs now for next pork sea-
81 81. 30 with your wheat land this
SSeasoL-tve acres of land for one hun
81 e.!s gu bushels. After all that may be
1o ra.u, tne man on the farm must be
.-aSIer OF the situation. Our lands
are 30 diversified that no rule will
all places or lands.
C-.,. r. r. MOORE.
Toltord Co., N. G.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1901-11-05

soil is thoroughly smashed up and
broken TO pieces, and plow when
near fall and winter. Do not be
afraid of subsoil blowing It will do
the best of lands good. 1t will tear
up soil that has not been touched, it
may be, for centuries 1t will some
times reveal unexpected stOrehouses
of fertility.
Proper plowing is one of the marks
of advanced agriculture. No peo-
pie ever plowed their land better
than Americans, largely because we
have the best plows in the world.
The ancients merely scratched the
top of their land with wooden plows,
and the Chinese and Russian farm
ers d0\the same to-day; but Ameri-
can deep subsoil plows cut far down
into the soil, and turn and pulverize
the earth so that it's til6h is improved
hundred fold. We do not have to
go over our land 80 many times,
simply because we have better me,
ohanical instruments to do the work
for Us the first time. Set the plow
deep, and let it bring up the subsoil
so it can be used for increasing the
produotiveness of the crops. With
good plowing we are prepared TO
raise better crops with less worry
and labor during dry summers than
if we neglect or slight this all i'm
portant work. j. g. BILLINGS.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1901-11-05
10000

I give here another analysis sent
to me, the author of which,I cannot
quite make out, but believe it is
Collier, viz:
Phosphoric acid. ...... AS per cent.
Nitrogen. n..............1.7 d" g.
Potash-pure. .....3.1 {" {"
The same authority gives a money
valuation of different grasses per
ton, dry, viz Bermuda grass So 70,
blue grass 1875, timothy $5, clover
So so, pea vines 81, sofa bean,
1884"
It should be understood that hay
out at different degrees of ripeness
and of success in curing will also
differ in analysis and the same kind
of grass grown on different soils will
also differ in analysis so that after
all the value of grass or hay depends
very much upon how the soil is fer
tilted. The above shows that Ber-
muda rates in value up among the
best
The great question with me has
been, to what extent can it be grown
and improved? 1 answer myself
To almost any reasonable extent. In
this country it has by no means
reached the highest plane of i'm
provement which it is capable of at
tanning and maintaining. 1t can be
improved both on leaf and stem, and
1 believe made to ripen it's seed per-
fectly in the Southern States.
have seen it growing luxuriantly
on the sand bars of rivers and along
the beach at the ocean side; upon !.
the highest and dryest sand banks
and sandy ridges on the stiff as we'll
as sandy soils of the cotton regions
TOONTINUED ON PAGE
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1901-11-05

agricultural exhibitions would excellent
washing
/ Consul
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1901-11-05

The average amount of water con-
tanned in American butter has been
calculated as about II per cent. The
quantity of this constituent, how
ever, is quite variable, depending
upon a number of conditions.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1901-11-05
No. SO

on edges. The stems incline to grow
out latterally or ''run on ground, i"
take root at each joint and again
throw out la5erals, most of which
in turn will run out and root again
until the ground is completely mat
ted and the stems must shoot up
ward in a thick mass to 1S inches
high If conditions are favorable One
joint when set in fRvorably clear
ground may in six weeks completely
mat over yard square quite thick
enough for pasture or meadow. It
is this habit of the grass that makes
it so hated by the cotton hoer.
"Why it am wus dan de crab grass,
spreadin' itse'f out ebby whar." So
it is, and was thinking of the other
side of it, that is, it's uses, and if these
industrious workers would, they
could see that by chopping out the
cotton and feeding the fertilizer TO
the Bermuda it would throw up at
least six tons of green feed TO the
acre in q season, which when fed to
good sheep would produce wool and
mutton enough to buy two crops Of
cotton as now raised.
This tenacious spreading and grow
ing habit under the hot sun, constl-
tutes its first great virtue to the
South and the intrinsic fat, meat
and wool-producing elements of the
grass form it's second great virtue to
Southern planters and farmers.
Horses, cattle, hogs and especially
sheep seem to love it. Have seen
them come off other parts of field
and Craze on it and have been told
they would grow very fat on it, and
I know they would.
have never seen an elementary
analysis of it 80 as to compare with
other grasses, nor have I had the
opportunity to feed it with them ex-
tensively, nor have I seen reliable
experiments so as to test its value
thoroughly at any of the agricultural
stations Still I have tested and
proved to my own satisfaction it's
great value. I know that it pos
sesses the elements that will fatten
sheep and keep them in as healthy
condition as any other single grass
will.
Since writing the foregoing,
have received the following analysis
from Prof B. W. Kilgore, State
Chemist, Raleigh, N. c., viz:
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1901-11-05

Since writing the foregoing, I
have received the following analysis
from Prof. B. W. Kilgore, State
Chemist, Raleigh, N. c., viz:
''The hay contains about ~ per
cent. of nitrogen an average feed
stuff analysis of it would be as fol
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1901-11-05

CONTINUED ON PAGE 8 ]
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1901-11-05

I give here another analysis sent
to me, the author of whiohI cannot
quite make out, but believe it is
Collier, viz:
New-York tribune., 1901-04-13
GRUBER ON THE RANK AND FILE.
EPIGRAMS OF XXIST DISTRICT LEADER
DELIGHT MADISON SQUARE
REPUBLICANS.

There was a crowd of politicians at the Madison
Square Republican Club. in Broadway. near Twen-
ty-seventh-st.. last evening to hear Abraham
Gruber the leader in the XXIst District. deliver a
politcal lecture on Give the Rank and File a
Chance" What Mr.. Gruber had to say delighted
the audience and kept it laughing and applauding
for an hour Some of Mr.. Grubers sayings
the following:
The average man enters the political game " With tn
will only persevere. Sand" and patience are vaua-
BIZ xho n es the in the
Of NewYork to-day went forth and got things
There Comes a time to almost every statesman
when he wishes he had given the rank and file
For sixty days before election day the sofcitude
for the Welfare of the rank and file is sublime
Thereafter the lack of concreteness in the sublmty
becomes apparent ana 1t gradually evaporates until
AS to the making % Of the the issues on ey which cam
the nature of our political system necessarily not
There are. reformers and reformers. Every polit-
ical organization contains lot of them, and good
has a large crop of poor The real reformer in
politics is the man whom every citizen respects He
existing abuses or who seeks to Introduce into
If the rank and ae could choose their leaders,
the es out rpr To be
thing higher, then his troubles begin.
active interest in politics; in this they joined
the Gospel; but as soon success in leadership fol-
lows the advice. then those who gave it almost
@ass He IS Isaas poca al boss hn wipe hi" out
We may admit generally that it is wrong and un-
a Republican or a Democrat. and yet suppose that
h Dn T ' Is tn make aRa that sdP
to that organization Will be proftless At present.
ing place In the public service with puTe motives
60 into Tammany Hall because they believe that
file.
New-York tribune., 1901-04-13
SHOT DEAD BY BURGLARS.
PITTSBURG GROCER KILLED IN HIS HOUSE.
AND LATER A DETECTIVE
LOSES HIS LIFE

Pttsburg. April 12,-There has scarcely been
a more eventful day in the annals of the Pitts
burg Police Department than to-day. Thomas
y. Kahne n Mount Washington grocer.
shot and killed in his home by three burglars
while defending his wife who was being chloro
formed. A few hours later the rendezvous of
the burglars was discovered at No. 81 Fulton
ST and a force of detectives put to work on the
case. In d desperate fight which followed Pat
rick f. Fitzgerald, a city detective. was in
stantIy killed and one of the robbers. who gave
his name as Edward Wright. and who fired the
shots that killed Fitzgerald was badly wounded
Two men and two women, members of the gang
were arrested and diamonds and other booty,
worth from $1,000 to $1,000 recovered The
whole of the gang is believed to be in custody.
and the detectives have evidence that the men
are responsible for the many burglaries of the
last month or two in and around this city
The wounded prisoner was removed to Mercy
Hospital where it is said he may recover al
though he was shot three times. The others ar
rested gave their names Robert Wilcox and
his wife Jennie: j. Il. Wright, a brother of the
murderer and a woman said 10 be his wife.
They we're taken Central Station, where 1t
was learned that all We're from Chicago. VIII
cox is said to be known in that city as Kid
Nichols Mrs. Wilcox admitted that they had
all come from Chicago some time ago, and had
been working here since then.
New-York tribune., 1901-04-13
TELEGRAPHIC NOTES.

Hazeton, Penn, April 12.-John Fako and An
drew Bora, Hungarians. were found dead in the
Evans Colliery, Beaver Meadow TODAY
Their death Is supposed to have been caused by a
premature blast
Victoria. B. c.. April 12-News has been brought
here by the steamer Boscowitz that strike of rcn
quartz has been made near Kitzass Canyon, on
the Skeena River. Quartz has been struck there
paying about $1,000 TO the ton.
Buffalo, April IA dispatch to The News saws
that while c. NJ. Simmonds a barrel MANUFACTURED
of Medina with his family, attending a per-
formance at the opera house last night burglars
entered his house and stole $500 in gold Sim
monds distrusted banks.
Victoria, b. c., April IA cable dispatch re-
Ardnamurchan at her destination. Wreckage and
canned salmon known to have been this vessel
We're found on the Oregon coast few months ago
and led to the belief that she had been wrecked
Ann Areor, Mich, April l2-Dr. Novy when
asked regarding the condition of Charles B. Hare
plague, SAID: Nothing yet has been decided, but
he is recovering rapidly. He is out of bed and
walks around occasionally in the contagious ward
he Will be kept there until week after next any-
Infection Cummings, the student who is caring
Tor Hare, mas not caught any Infection but pre-
ventives are still being applied him
Pittsburg, April 12.-Edgewood had a sastrous
experience with fire to-day. The borough has NOT
had any water for a week, owing to breakdown
the supply available to fight the flames consisted
only OF the scanty amount saved up for household
uses. This was soon exhausted. and then the peo-
PIE trled 10 use ashes. but the latter had little
McClaren, In Washington-ave., near the Pennsvl-
vania Railroad and within short time it. to-
Eether with the fine houses of e. E. Keller ana
william am. J! Knox , ad!oinins. d s was In ruins. The
New-York tribune., 1901-04-13
ADJOURNNEyT on APRIL %.
SENATE CoNCURs WITH AssEMBLys PROPOSAL
BILLS PASSED.

SENATE CoNCURs WITH AssEMBLYs PROPOSAL
BILLS PASSED.
Albany April 12-J. Fred Nixon, Speaker of the
Assembly announced that the Senate had con-
CURED in the House resolution for final adjourn
nent on April %. The announcement greeted
with applause
Mr. Aids offered the amendments to the Fordyce
State Printing bill. which adopted.
These bills passed:
Mr. Fish's providing that news gathering cor
porations may admit members thereof other cor
porations limited liability companies, joint stock
and other associations, partnerships and ndividu-
ais engaged in the business in the pub
lication f@r newspapers other publications.
Mr. Grirfths. permitting school trustees TO
denim than of land for school pur-
poses.
Senator Amber's amending the agricultural law
relative to the San Jose scale and transportation
of nursery stock into this State.
Senator Marshalfs, to provide for the improve
ment of Prospective, in Brooklyn, at of
more than s35,oN
AS the Senate convened this morning a
communication read from the State Superin-
tendent of Public Works relative 10 permits given
to telegraph and telephone companies erect poles
and string wires along the canals. The report
showed that there 235s4 miles of poles and
wires now. II referred to the Committee on
Canals
New-York tribune., 1901-04-13
ARCHITECTS ARE DISAPPOINTED.
SIGNING OF THE TENEMENT HOUSE BILLS
DISMAYS BUILDERS

The signing of the four bills drawn by the Tene-
ment House Commission by Governor Odell was sad
the hundreds of architects and builders
who recently fled plans for tenement and fiat
houses the Buildings Department In the last
week the Buildings Department has been literally
bombarded with plans for tenement and fiat
houses, the total cost Of which placed
at about s35, 100000. So great was the rush
of people to get their plans filed and approved
before the Governor took final action the bills
the department forced Good FRI
day Few of the plans filed in the last week have
been approved, and the signing OF the bills upsets
the efforts of scores of architects builders and
others, who hoped to build this spring tenement
houses and nathouses cost s35, 00000 under the
old building laws. All these plans will have to be
altered before they be approved There was
a report current last night that an effort would
be made by several building associations to have
the bills amended that the proposed plans
file at the Department of Buildings can be
passed upon under the old laws.
New-York tribune., 1901-04-13
DRINK VICTIMS INSANE.
DIR. Z. D. CROTHERS CALLS TREATMENT
OF INEBRIATES AND DRUG TAKERS
BY COURTS A FARCE.

DR.. Thomas D. Crothers, professor OF mental and
nervous diseases at the New-York School OF Cln-
cal Medicine delivered lecture at the school last
night before large number OF persons interested
In the care and treatment of inebriates and drug
takers. His subject Medical Questions Of the
Responsibility of Alcoholics, Opium and Other
Drug Takers"
Dr.. Crothers said that inebriety had been found
to be due to physical condition that was both In
herited and acquired. 1t was literally disease
and a pronounced form of insanity. He further
said that the treatment of inebrates by the courts
legally responsible was farce. A new juris-
prudence demanded. Morphine takers, he de-
clared. should be dealt with in the courts
ordinary criminals. but irresponsible persons
and should be ordered to be confined in an asylum
until cured of their affiiction.
DR. Crothers continued:
The drink craze in some cases is a symptom of
form line of origin progress and development.
would hrst embrace a question Of the facts in each
case and their meaning; facts of heredity, of
injuries. of degenerations local and general, of
the influence of surroundings, of occupation and
and ' o o
can clear intelligent conception be formed of
When this can be settled, then the legal gues- %
viii more accurately serve the cause of Justice viii
appear. Fines and imprisonments for illegal and
criminal acts of such persons are not only abso
lutey worthless ieterrents, but increase the
very conditions which they are intended to check.
The immediate effect of alcohol is to obscure and
break the power of discrimina tion between right
and wrong. The conceptions of duty and obga-
tions of an inebriate undergo progressive degen-
Grafton while the coarser organic operations of the
mind and body seem but little disturbed.
Regarding the morphine taker DR.. Crothers said
The morphnst has feeble ethical sense: his
conception of truth and consciousness of right
and wrong grow weaker with the continued use
of the drug.
The action of morphine the brain is marked
1y a narcotic and depressent that few crimes of
violence committed.
New-York tribune., 1901-04-13
AN INIQUPTOUS AMENDMENT.
NO SUBSIDIZED PRESS WANTED IN ANY
BOROUGH OF THIS CITY

To the Editor of The Tribune
Sir: 1t seems almost incredible that frank a
proposition to appropriate the public moneys to
serve private and partisan ends as that 5000 a
year shall be paid for advertising in daily news
papers In boroughs where daily newspapers do not
exist could have been inserted in the revision of
the charter without raising a protest 1t is self
evident that If daily newspapers to be created
TO secure this $4,000 they cannot be OF that value
10 the city community advertising mediums
for years to come. for they will not have the cir
cuiation to warrant il.
But the worst feature of the proposition is that
II Will create in the growing boroughs of the city
subsidized press virtually owned by the ''organi-
zations,'' both Democratic and Republican, that
matter how vicious unscrupulous a scheme
may be proposed by either party, voice of pro-
viii come from the 'muZZled' press. And
when 1t is borne in mind what powers for good
evil will be possessed by the borough presidents
and local officers under the revised charter. and
the possibility that INSCRIPTIONS and schemng
politicians may gain control of these offices. the
carnival of corruption which is made possible by
the pernicious tinkering with the excellent work of
the Charter Revision Commission is enough
the combined opposition of every citizen
who honestly hopes for good government for New
York City. GOOD GOVERNMENT
1901