davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1901-06-06
COUNTY BREWERS
ORGANIZE.
Action Was Taken Last Week and
Includes All BreWeT-s.
TO STOP DEMORALziNG PRACTICE.
Say il is Not Combination For Hold.
ing Up Prices.
ALOON KEEPERS ARE A LITTLE DUBIOUS.
They Assert That the War Revenue Tax on
Beer Which is 10 be Reduced
VIII Not Affect Them.

The brewers Of NauItowOc county met
and organized last week under the title
Of the Brewers Association, with the
following officers Louis Kunz, Pres.
J. Schriehart, Vice Pres. Chas. Miller.
Treas. and r. Rahr, Secy It's I'M
derstood from Leading brewer in the
city that the purpose Of the orgauizs ion
was to stop the rapid growth of saloons
in this territory. 1t seems that tine
brewers in the past have been providing
the necessary funds for furnishing and
installing saloons, aud if one brewer To-
Gated man ut one corner of the street
his competitor would follow suit on the
opposite corner. ''To stop this democrat
izing practice, said a brewer, the
brewers of this territory came together
and agreed to organize in conformity
with the state association and hereafter
new saloons Will not be opened as rapid
ly as in the past
There is nothing in the nature of
rust in our organ cation 1t is not for
he purpose of holding mp prices All
We ask is that the brewing business shall
oe run as respectable as any other
business
Another object was TO bring about
means Of stopping the wmton destruc-
ion of beer kegs and bottles. The loss
m these often far outweighing the prof
Is on the product. Hereafter parties
ouying beer either in casks or bottles
viii be charged with tue package and
properly credited upon their return,
which is certainly only just and proper. >,
Some Of the saloon keepers. however,
look with dubious eyes on this organiza-
lion. They say that the tax ON beer
lue TO the N4r &e,cnue act win be re-
luced on August / and they are afraid
,hat the brewers will maintain prices
ut the present figure, irrespective of
eductiou in the tax. 1t is broadly in
mated that the saloon keepers Of the
county will come together and form an
organization for their own protection.
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1901-06-06
REAL. ESTAT g.

The following real estate report is
copied for us by the Manitowoc County
Abstract company who furnish abstracts
Of titles at t. moderate cost and look up
all property free of charge
Joseph Meyer to August Gehling X
acre sec 20, Two Rivers, 800
Henry Rumpf t. John Schroeder par.
Gel of land sec 20 Mishicot, $4,000.
Otis Throndson TO Anton Berge, O
acres Of land sec Is, Liberty, $22O.
Friedrich AXel to William Axal,
undy l-6 part of 40 acres sec, 4 Schles,
wig. $3.50
Ferdinand Heyroth to Elizabeth
Kappes, lot ,, block g, in Woodlawn,
$3.50.
Nils NJ. Anderson TO Eli Paulson, &c
acres sec, q, Cato. $500
Albert Winter to Allis Krause parcel
Of land sec. %, Manitowoa $500
Henry Ploeckelmann TO Wence, SHE
mon, 50 acres sec Z Manitowoc Rapids
$4,000
Mrs. Catharina j McCourt to james
McCourt 40 acres sec. 16, Cato, 500
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1901-06-06
Saengerbund viii Be Held
June y and y.
IL PREPARATIONS ARE NOW MADE.
The Chorus VIII Number Upwards
of 500.
ESTIMATE AN ATTENDANCE OF 5000.
The Village is Making Arrangements to
Feed and House All Who
Attend the Fest

The arrangements are now practically
complete for the Saengerbund which is
to be held i'll the village Of kiel June %
and . Prof Kaiser who has just
beer. to Xiel informs The Pilot that the
festival will be one of the tinest ever
held in this section of the country, that
ful,Y 500 men will participate in the
chorus and they will render some ad-
mlrable
The entire musical end OF the Saeng-
arhand VIII be in charge Of Prof Kaiser
and as he is an accomplished musician the
concert should be q saccess in every par
ticular.
Kiel village is making preparations to
decentralization 3, 000to 1000 people who
will likely be present to hear the sing
ing Tents and other Accommodations
will he provided for these who wish to
remain two days. There will be ample
refreshments for hungry and thirsty
ones.
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1901-06-06
COST OF MATERIAL
AND HARBOR STOP A
GOOD DEAL OF WORK.

Owing to the fact that the Masons'
wages have reached 81 per day anumber
of projected buildings which would
have gone up this Year have been can
celled 1t is understood that one firm
had drawn plans for extensive improve
ments and the estimate last season was
$4,000 and it was agreed to 90 ahead
this spring Cost Of labor and material
have so risen in price that the same work
was figured at SOS, 600 The job was
called off
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1901-06-06
One Hundred Gaily Decorated
Rigs in Line.
RACING WAS AuSPICE0USLY OPENED
Some Very Good Time Was Made on iii,
Track.
EVERYONE FEELS PROUD OF THE EVENT
MaRiiOwoc Riding and Driving Club outline!
Similar Organizations in the
State.

Derby Day has come and gone and the
verdict Of the community is that it was
successful III every particular. Between
p and o'clock on Tuesday afternoon
dark clouds lowered overhead and they
seemed to throaten bad weEtLer, but
fortunately what rain came caused only
passing shower, for as the clouds
rolled past they opened the way for the
sun which beaued brightly.
The day was opened with a process
sion which Termed at Marshall and
Tenth streets, and headed by u platoon
Of police and the Acme band q hundred
Riding and Driving club members
accompanied By beautifully gowned
ladies' rode in gaily decorated rigs to the
Fair grounds The turnout was indeed
eiegent and public spirited There was
IN slrd IL cyrBe about the whole chat
gave charm TO the occasion and made
the members of lle club feel proud, not
alone Of the organization but OF Mani
towoe- As one man put it: Not a
city in the state could show finer dis
play and | viii not exclude Milwaukee
This may he putting it little strong
but local patriotism was rife and il had
every right T. be.
The rigs looked spik and span; tue
horses We're groomed and combed and
they looked resplendenT in the sunlight
All the harnesses we've shlnod and
0rasses polished, even the bits and curs
were FURNISHED to add lustre to the
general effect
The races too, were above the average
Of the matiuees Some good time was
made and altogether most auspicious
season was presaged. The following
are the results.
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1901-06-06
HENRY WATTERSON ON
SEVERAL QUESTIONS o.
POLITICAL SIGNIFICANCE.

Henry W8ttersOR dlScu- sing the IEii-
man-McLauyin sqpabole il SOUTH Caro-
lima and Mr. Bryan says
The glove which Senator McL2u1in
has thrown down seems to me somewhat
soiled by contamination As | under
stand it, the senator favors & change Of
Democratic policy with respect to the
tariff. volunteer support OF tho admin
STATIONS colonial policy in advance, ao-
cepts favors i'll the form Of patronage
from the president, ana proposes TO vote
for a Snip Subsidy bill VIGOROUSLY de
signed 20 liquidate certain Republican
campaign obligations On these lines !
think Mr. McLaurin viii find himself
before the campaign is ended practically
without a Democratic following in South
Carolina
The dispate between Mr., Bryan and
myself is inside Democratic alignment.
and relates solely to the question Of &C
cepting accomplished facts and of lining
up III 1904 upon platform which shall
be constructed to meet the exigencies Of
the time instead Of once again investing
our al upon the twice beaten platform
made UP largely Of discredited theories
and dead OF dying issues.
MUS q great party three years in ad-
vance Of its next national convention .us-
pend all effort to strengthen its lines,
deny itself any and every opportunity
to take advantage Of such circumstances
as may come to it. and to submit unre-
serv dly and absolutely to the word as
it issues from BRYAN tongue or pen? ]
cannot believe il as yet. ! confess that
/ would rather fight with Mr. Bryan
than against him, and shall have more
to REGRET than to resent in the event that
he pursues the line laid down iii his re-
cent Nevada speech-resolved if he can
not rule TO ruin the party which has So
honored and trusted him.
There are millions of Democrats who
though not Of his way of thinking, have
yet followed him through two disastrous
presidential campaigns, hoping against
hope, but brave and loyal to the end.
There are hundreds and thousands who
could not follow him in 1896 who yet
accepted his candidacy in 1900 because
they We're Democrats and not Republi-
cans, and believed him an honest man.
On the line Of those disastrous cam
paigns these will follow him no further
than their Judgment conceives to be
wise and prudent Nor should he ask,
or EXPECT them to do so.
"A new platform and new leader.
The old ones are shopworn. No one Of
them can get more votes than Mr..
Bryan. Some Tilden must come to the
front in some of the determinate states,
commanding, as Tilden did the means
to set national ticket in the field and
able to divide, if not to command, the
independent vote
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1901-06-06
MARRIAGE LICENSES.

Martin L, Kvitek Of Cooperstown to
Anna Albrecht of Cooperstowr
Edw. P. Kussy Of Milwaukee to Annie
fletcher of Manitowoc.
Fred Messmln Of Two Creeks to Ida
Gierke Of Two Creeks.
George Ferris Of Manitowoc to Grace
Huffner of Manitowoc.
Felix Heinrichs of Rapids to Francis
Lemberger Of Cato
Frank Klabatz of Cato TO Mary Earn
burek of Franklin
Peter Clemens, Jr. Of St Nazianz to
Anna Head Of Eaton.
Jos. Dvoracheck of Maple Grove to
Francis Burich Of Rockland
Adelbert Schmidt Of Manitowoc to
Daisie Fulton Of Manitowoc.
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1901-06-06
NEW ELKS HALL
WILL BE LARGE
AND QUITE ELEGANT

The new Elks hall in the Dempsy
building will be comfortable and coInod-
ious. The rooms are on the second floor
and they have been completely remodel
ed. A dance hall is arranged and sew
eral rooms previously fitted up for cafe
purposes VIII also be devoted to the u.s.
of members Of the lodge The furnish.
ings of the rooms are handsome mG
somewhat elaborate Painters and De
corators win commence work the frs.
of nextweek carpenters having finish
e3 there labgrs
The MOONS when occupied 10y the lodge
are to he open at all time,
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1901-06-06
BASE BALL NOTES.

Our base bah boys demonstrated that
hey can still play ball At the ball
park Sunday they defeated the Sheboy-
gan team by score Of to =. The next
game will be played on Sunday, June 8,
It Shehuygan
The Northside ball team were defeat
'd at Kewaunee by score Of : to5
4 game Of ball between the machin-
lists and boiler makers resulted : to in
'avor of the machinists.
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1901-06-06
Deaths of q Week

Wenzel Reindl, an old resident of
Eellnersyille, died Thursday morning,
at the age of Is years He was i'll for Il
long time He had made his home ut
Kellnersyille for many years aud was
well known and highly respected
Mrs Marit Tostenson died at her home
ut Tenth and Huron street OF consump-
ton The deceased was q years Of age
and had been II resident Of this city for
lilc past thirty years.
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1901-06-06
MOVEMENT OF PERSONS
To AND FROM MANlT0W0C.

Oscar j. Meyer is in Chicago
George Nelson was in Madison.
N. n Windingstad was in Chicago.
Prof. c. c. Olson was in Milwaukee,
Joseph Miller spent a day in NeeIah.
A G. Miller returned from Memphi s.,
, Tenn.
Chief Pierce has return q rom New
York. IS I
Ruben Willott was in Madison LAST
week
Chas. f. schuetze went to Chicago
on business
Herman dip visited Kaukauna friends
and relatives.
H. G, Hanfori took a trip through the
Fox river valley.
Fred Kitzerow is home from Chicago
to see his parents
Frank Jones mas gone north on a
weeks fishing trip.
Mr., and Mrs Joseph Borcherdt Of
kaukauna were in the city,
Frank Kretche and VIII Vandegrift
We're on fishing jaunt Monday.
George De Lair has returned home
after an absence Of several months.
John PhaIen came up from Chicago to
spend a dpy with his family this week.
", A Walker was here on Sunday
from Milwaukee. He spent the day
with NJ. H. Murphy.
DR.. Timothy Egan was down from
Sturgeon Bay to spend Sunday with
relatives and friends
Il, E. Peterik, auxiliary member of
the state Board Of Control was in the
city last Wednesday night
Fred Hinrichs was at the Buffalo ex-
position, He is now stopping at the
Fountain House, Mt Clements.
Drs Pritchard and Currens were in
st. Paul attending the convention of
the American Medical association.
Sydney L. Pratt and Clement Murphy
viii visit the Pan American exposition.
They left over the F. q F. NJ, line last
night
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1901-06-06
LUTHERAN BENEVOi.
ENT SOCIETY HOLDS
ANNUAL MEETING.

The annual meeting Of the Luthera.l
Benevolent society was held Monday
evening and reports of officers We're
read showing a pr, sperous year tor the
the society. The election Of officers re-
suited as follows.
President Henry Kansier.
Y President Chris. Ladwi@.
r Secretary Stahl
Cor Sec'y -Chae. Haase,
Treasurer VIM. GSnoll
Trustee fol three years -TheO
Schmidtman. Sr.
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1901-06-06
THE PILOT INSTALLS
TWO SPLENDID
JOB PRESSES.

The Pilot has just put in two job
presses the best on the market one Il
Colts Armory press and the other a
Peerless press. This Office isnow equipped
TO handle the finest kind of print
ing, the mechan, department being
uuexcellel in this section of the country.
The presses will be at work today and
those interested in the printers art will
be welcome if they call Mt the office.
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1901-06-06
Christian Science.

The Christian Science society holds
service Sunday at 1890 A. NJ and 745
PM. Subject for next Sunday 5 lesson is
Sacrament Sunday school meets at
11t5 Wednesday evening service at !
o'clock Reading room is open Tuesday
and Thursday from o4P NJ. Frazier
hall, York street between Seventh and
Eighth All are invited
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1901-06-06
DIR. KUTChIN cOrlING.

II you want the best in medical sci
ence and free examination and dag
noses go to The William, Thursday.
June 18th, 1907 and see DR. Kutchin. II
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1901-06-06
CHIl AGO AND NORTH.
WESTERN RUNS AN EX.
CURSi0k ON SUNDAY.

The Chicago & Northwestern Bail
way company will run an excursion
tram on Sunday next TO Milwaukee
the price being $3.50 The train will
leave Two Rivers at $50 o'clock A. NJ
and Manitowoc at SIC and Newton at
s.32. II will return from Milwaukee
the same evening at 8 o'clock.
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1901-06-06
LIBRARIAN Won BRIESEN
Submits Her Figures on Circulation fer
Past Week

Miss Won Brit sau, librarian Of the
Manitowoc public library submits her fig
ures, showing the circulation statistics
foI the past week ending June l. They
are: General 3; philosophy, >; religion,
+; sociology, 2 natural science n; useful
arts, }; fine artist; history, II; travel, 4;
biography IS; literature, 523i Philology,
o. Total 5S5.
OF these % were German, Polish, 3
Bohemian Norwegian and 0 French.
Daily average was III.
Total for May was 1888. and the
daily average for May was ll2.
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1901-06-06

Mr.. Rudie Goes TO Milwaukee k
Rude who has been lumber inspector
for the Manitowoc Seating company for
the past seven years has resigned and ac-
cepted like position at Milwaukee with
the John Schroeder Lumber Co He
viii soon remove to Milwaukee with his
family
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1901-06-06

To Improve Jail The County board
improvement committee, consisting Of
supervisors, J. J. Schroeder of Two Riv.
ers; w. J. Guetzloe of Kiel; Gustav
Mueller, city; Chas Pinger of Franklin
and Christ Muth Of Manitowoc, have
decided to make number of improve
ments in the Jail and sheriffs residence
A new carpet will be purchased for the
front parlor and the plumbing system
of the jail, which greatly needs repair,
will be overhauled.
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1901-06-06

SOME NEW BABIES IN TOWN.
1@1-1111 %~

Mr., and Mrs John Timm, Thirteenth
street, rejoice in the birth Of son and
heir.
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1901-06-06

Cigar Makers Union Twenty
cigar makers enrolled themselves rs
members of n union and have applied
for charter from the American FEEDER
alton of Labor.
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1901-06-06

Miss Smith a Graduate Graduating
exercises for the class OF 1901, Cumnock
School Of Oratory, Northwestern Uni
versity, Evanston, ILL.,, were held Thurs
day evening and forty three students re-
ceiyed diplomas, among the number be
ing Miss Rose Eleanor Smith, Of this
city
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1901-06-06
June Term Calendar is Rather q
Long One.
OlRT WAS OPENED ON TUESDAY.
important Litigation viii Likely Be
Decided
Asses FOR THE COURT AND THE JURY
The Session vii, Likely Last all OF Four
Weeks and May Be Even
Longer Period.

The circuit court of Manitowoc coun-
tv for the June term opened on Tuesday
with a fairly large calendar. The fol
lowing are the cases which will be dis
posed of:
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1901-06-06
SOME COUNTY MEN WHO
WERE seen In THE
CITY THIS WEEK

T. F SIZZLING of Reedsyiile was in the
city.
Mr. Cock of St Nrzians was in the
city.
Gus. Kirst Of Two Rivers was in town
yesterday.
w. c. Maertz OF Maple Grove is in
town to day
Jos. Schuber of Greeustreet was q
welcome caller at the Pilot Office We'd
nesday.
W. J. Wrieth of Two Rivers was in
the city Tuesday and successfully APP
piled exemption from jury duty
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1901-06-06

Half loaf is better than a whole
luafer.
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1901-06-06

A Ncw Dwelling Frank Kadow has
accepted plans and awarded the con-
tracts for the erection Of new dwelling
house on Washington street, between
Twenty Second and Tweuty-Third SITS.
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1901-06-06
Child Drank Arsenic infant o

Mrs Joseph Schultz, South Twentieth
street was given arsenic by mistake
The baby's life, however, was saved.
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1901-06-06

Ministers preach and Physicians prac
tice.
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1901-06-06

Thomas Mohr Resigns Thomas
Mohr has resigned as chairman Of the
town of Kossuth and J. {. Spencer was
appointed in his place. Mr.. Mohr was
a popular member Of the county board
and his resignation came as surprise
Mr.. Spencer has been a member Of the
county board before
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1901-06-06

The Hoyer Yacht sold Edward
Hover of Chicago has purchased the
yacht Marion II, OF Hoyer Bros. He
left on board the Yacht for Chicago.
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1901-06-06

It's poor rule that won't work both
ways.
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1901-06-06

Overwork kills fewer men than ex-
cessive leisure.
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1901-06-06

Stripped His Schooner Capt Fred
Knop has returned from Two Creeks
where he stripped his schooner Little
George, recently wrecked there He
has purchased Peter Weber's place on
South Eighth street.
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1901-06-06

Subscribe for The Pilot.
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1901-06-06

Resigns His Position Will Vande.
grift has resigned his position with the
North Western Railway company.
Abilene weekly reflector., 1901-08-01
A BIG PARADE OF ELKS.
1t Was One Of the Most Beautiful and Sue.
cessful Of Its Kind Ever Seen in
Milwaukee.

Milwaukee, July 25.-Salt Lake City
was honored by being selected as the
next meeting place Of the grand lodge
of the Benevolent and Protective Or
der Of Elks and Grand Rapids, Mich.
captured the first prize in the big
Elks' parade yesterday afternoon.
The Toledo cherry pickers" were
awarded second and the Chicago con-
tingent third moneys. In this class
the determining points of the Judges
were general appearance and bearing,
beauty and originality of costumes
and the number in line. The Green
vile, Miss, lodge was given first prize
for the most unique display In the
pageant, Omaha being a close second.
The parade was by all odds the
most beautiful and successful of its
kind ever seen in Milwaukee. Fully
5000 Elks took part. 1t was made up
of seven different divisions under the
marshalship of Gen. Louis Auer.
About so lodges from all parts of the
country took part. Half of those
brought bands of music which pre-
ceded the members.
A fire run and contests were the
features at night and were followed
at midnight by "ghost parade" in
which many took part. The costumes
were of a gruesome order, the skull
and cross bones playing a prominent
part in the makeup.
Abilene weekly reflector., 1901-08-01
G. A. R. ENCAMPMENT RATES.
nder-in-C Chief Rassieur Announces
to His Veterans What Terms the
Railroads Have Made.

st. Louis, July 26.-ln general or
ders issued yesterday by Commander
in-Chief Leo Rassieur, of the G. A. r.,
in regard to the thrty-ffth national
to be held in Cleveland
September to IA, announcement is
made that the Central Passenger as
sociation has made rate Of one cent
mile to and from Cleveland. All
other passenger associations, east,
south and west, have made rates from
one fare for the round trip to fare
and third, plus 50, which will apply
through their respective territories,
but when the Central Passenger asso-
citation territory is reached the one
cent mile rate only will be charged.
Tickets will be good only on date Of
sale. They win be made good for re-
turn passage up to and including 0c-
tober s, provided they are deposited
with the joint agent on or before 1s
o'clock noon Of Sunday, September 1a
Abilene weekly reflector., 1901-08-01
A SHELL FROM A GUN.


Newport, R. l., July 25.-Ths
screeching of shell that proved to
have come from the United States
steamship Kearsarge, and its explo-
sion into fragments that broke a
small piece of stone out of the new
city hall building on Broadway and
cut n limb from tree nearby. caused
great CONSERVATION among Newport
citizens shortly after five o'clock yes
terday evening. Half an hour later
two officers came ashore from The
Kearsarge, traced the shell to the city
hall and obtained information as to
its passage over the city. They exam
ined some of the pieces and pro-
nounced the shell a one-pounder from
the Kearsarge, after which they re-
turned without making any explana-
tion. How the shot happened to be
fred has not been explained. The
ship has been engaged, since the
breaking up Of the camp at Nan
tucket, in target practice ut sen. The
gun was fired Tuesday when five
rounds Of ammunition were supposed
to have been expended. Tuesday aft
ernoon and yesterday morning there
were the usual quarters Oh shipboard
and the gun should have been pointed
and worked as II was last night. But
then 1t did not 60 of and last night
II did. The matter will be thoroughly
investigated.