davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Delaware gazette and state journal. (Wilmington, Del.) 1883-1902, 1901-08-08
SARnfNR SAIAn

Remove the skin and backbones from
one large box of French sardines. Cut
them in small pieces and squeeze over
them the juice of a lemon. Arrange
them on crisp, young lettuce leaves and
pour over them half pint Of mayon-
naise
Delaware gazette and state journal. (Wilmington, Del.) 1883-1902, 1901-08-08
EGG OUTLETS WITH POTATOES

Chop two ounces of lean ham, six
mushrooms and four hard-boiled eggs,
and mix them with a gill of good white
sauce. Let it heat up, add little
chopped parsley and the yolk of a raw
egg and season with pepper, salt and
nutmeg. Spread on dish to cool. then
shape into neat outlets or into sausages,
egg and bread crumb them and fry in
deep, hot fat to a golden brown. Drain
on kitchen paper and dish on border
of mashed potato.
Delaware gazette and state journal. (Wilmington, Del.) 1883-1902, 1901-08-08
roRcEMEAT For VEAL.

With six ounces of bread crumbs mix
the grated rind of half lemon, table,
three ounces of finely chopped beef suet
or of butter broken Into small pieces.
Season with pepper, salt and nutmeg
and bind with two well beaten eggs.
Delaware gazette and state journal. (Wilmington, Del.) 1883-1902, 1901-08-08

Beenaway-Andw what of Willie Putti-
pate, whose mother considered him a
budding genius? t@
Staidhome-Oh, he turned out to be
a blooming idiot Smart Set.
Delaware gazette and state journal. (Wilmington, Del.) 1883-1902, 1901-08-08

Use grape fruit or oranges for the
baskets. Scoop out the pulp and allow
to the contents of six baskets quarter
of a box of gelatine soaked in quarter
of cup of cold water until soft, and
then set in hot water to dissolve. Mix
the pulp with sliced bananas, fresh ber-
ries or candied cherries until there is
enough to heap the baskets. Mix with
gelatine and sweeten to taste. Serve
with whipped cream.
Delaware gazette and state journal. (Wilmington, Del.) 1883-1902, 1901-08-08
3APPETIzING DISHES.
BY Mrs. Barbara sadler.

Some day when you do not know
what to cook for your family, consult
this article and try one or mere of the
recipes My husband calls them "appe-
tite coaxers., and sometimes he thinks
nothing else would have caused him to
eat at all. They are not difficult to
prepare and will repay you for their
trial.
Several of the dishes suggested l
have, found also to be very popular
luncheon dishes.
Delaware gazette and state journal. (Wilmington, Del.) 1883-1902, 1901-08-08

Mince one onion fine and place 1t in a
stewpan with two ounces of butter and
a tablespoonful Of -four. As 1t cooks
add one pint of warmed milk and one
half teaspoonful of salt, one-fourth tea
spoonful of white pepper and a few
grains Of cayenne. just before adding
the meat OF one lobster, put in table,
spoonful of grated cheese and boil the
whole two minutes. Add the yolk of an
Aegg. mix quickly and fill pastry shells
with the mixture, scattering bread
crumbs and bits of butter over the top.
Leave them in the oven for ton min
utes and serve hot or cold.
Delaware gazette and state journal. (Wilmington, Del.) 1883-1902, 1901-08-08

Bone the sardines carefully and drain
the oil from them. Lay them in TARA
gon vinegar for fifteen minutes, remove
them and sprinkle with pepper. Mince
and mix to a smooth paste one dessert
spoonful of chopped shrimps and lit
tie butter and pepper. Stuff the sar-
dimes with this mixture, lay two on a
lettuce leaf on each plate and serve
with brown bread. thinly sliced and but
tered.
Delaware gazette and state journal. (Wilmington, Del.) 1883-1902, 1901-08-08

The Chinese are superior to all pain.
No, they don't mind beirg killed
but they can't stand being looted, =
patrait Free Press.
Delaware gazette and state journal. (Wilmington, Del.) 1883-1902, 1901-08-08

Gut the breast of cold cooked turkey
into slices three-eighths of an inch
thick and trim into pieces Of a uniform
shape. Cook half a cup of soft bread
crumbs to paste in half cup of milk,
stirring frequently, add two tablespoon
ruis of butter, three-fourths cup of raw
veal, pounded smooth, the white of an
egg, few grains of cayenne and a
generous fourth teaspoonful of salt
MIX and press through a PURGE sieve,
spread the mixture smoothly upon one
side Of the fillets, egg and bread crumb
them and fry In deep fat. Serve one
overlapping another, crown fashion,
around bunch of parsley or celery
tips or around mound of green peas
or macedoine of vegetables.
Delaware gazette and state journal. (Wilmington, Del.) 1883-1902, 1901-08-08

Bake good-sized potatoes until soft.
and cut a round piece from the top Of
each. Scrape out the inside carefully
without breaking the skin and mash it
smoothly with half teaspoonful of
butter and the same of cream for each
potato. Season with salt and pepper
and mix soft with milk. Stir in one
beaten egg for six potatoes, put back
Into the skins and heat thoroughly.
The Bossier banner. [volume] (Bellevue, Bossier Parish, La.) 1859-1952, 1901-08-01
A TriAe Rural.

The bakers dozen of Washington
ians who spent the holidays at
country house down in Virginia are
still laughing at the little adventure
of one of their number, fashionable
young married woman, who has ways
her grandmother would turn in her
grave if she knew about. She never
touches tea or coffee, but now and
then she takes cigarette after dim
ner, and, as everybody knows, smok-
ing is horrid thing, while one may
drink gallons of the strongest coffee
and still be an example for the young.
The lady drove to the infinitesimal
village near one day, and with several
friends went into the drug store and
asked for a package of cigarettes.
The man behind the counter handed
out brand, dark and heavy, and
strong as stogies.
ooh! I don't want those" said the
lady. 81 want something exceeding
ly mild-something for ladies'"
The man behind the counter looked
very much grieved.
"We haven't any like that" he said,
regretfully. "We don't keep them.
You see, all the ladies round here
that smokes smokes pipes" Wash.
ington Post.
The Bossier banner. [volume] (Bellevue, Bossier Parish, La.) 1859-1952, 1901-08-01
LOVES SEASON.

ua,ch-ho, The spring of the year
Then is the time for loving;
when woods are green and skies are clear,
Then is the time for loving
When blossoms hang upon the bousn,
when every zephyr breathes vow;
when mast and future are naught to now,
Then is the time for loving.
He,gh-ho. The summertime!
Then is the time for loving.
when the lusty year Is in its prime.
Then is the time for loving.
when promises have all proved true:
when everything on earth is new;
when skies take on serenest blue.
Then Is tbs time for loving.
p.,rh-ho, The autumn days!
Then is the time for loving.
when the waning year is all ablazs.
Then is the time for loving.
When ripened fruit hangs on the wall;
when mellow haze envelopes all;
when birds have answered the southland S
call.
Then is the time for loving.
Heigh-ho! When winter reiSns!
Then is the time for loving.
When brooks are bound in icy chains,
Then Is the time for loving.
When harvests have been gathered in;
When plenty fills the bursting bin:
in,
Then is the time for loving.
Chicago Evening Post.
The Bossier banner. [volume] (Bellevue, Bossier Parish, La.) 1859-1952, 1901-08-01

clans. Better send for your rhysi-
clan, Winnie"
I'm CO." said Ned, ard hurried out.
Winifred turned almost savagely
upon her friend.
"And in the meantime is he to
die? And because you won't help
him? Oh, Millicent-"
A sob choked the further utter
ance of words. Millicent restrained
an impulse to laugh.
"My dear, I've been holding the
wound together. Your brother will
not die-at least not from this. If
you'll get me some bandages and my
box of implements in my room, the
bottom bureau drawer"
"dod bless you!"
Winifred rose with aIacrity, but she
paused to say: "You don't think he'll
die?"
'No, of course not"
Winifred vanished.
And with her went Millicent's in
difference. She glanced hastily
around, and upon assuring herself
that no one was in the room, she
examined the wound with far greater
care than she had at first displayed.
She listened eagerly to the heart
beats. Her whole manner betrayed
the keenest anxiety. A look of ten
derness her friends had never seen
crept into her luminous eyes. She
bent over the impassive face with un-
mistakable yearning, but she drew
back quickly as Vance stirred un-
easily and opened his eyes.
He strove mechanically to draw
| away from the firm hand holding
the wound together.
81 know you can't tolerate women
doctors, Mr.. Bishop. 1 feel your po-
sition as keenly as you do. Never
theless you must admit my assist
ance is better than none, though pos
sibly lacking in courage and not
knowing my business
81 didn't say that for you to over.
hear" he said.
And it was with almost sigh that
she turned as DR.. Olds entered with
Ned and Winifred.
The Bossier banner. [volume] (Bellevue, Bossier Parish, La.) 1859-1952, 1901-08-01
Another Problem Solved.

Mr.. Suburb-My dear, don't you
think that instead of building S10,-
900 house, and putting in 5000 worth
of furniture, it would be better to
build two $1,000 houses and put $500
worth of furniture in each?
Mrs. Suburb-Of all things! What
for?
Mr.. Suburb-So we'l always have
enc house to live in while the other
is being cleaned.--N. Y. Weekly.
The Bossier banner. [volume] (Bellevue, Bossier Parish, La.) 1859-1952, 1901-08-01
Tons of Dynamite to BE Exploded.

Three and one-half tons of dyna-
mite are to be exploded under the
narrows between Fort Hamilton and
Fort Wadsworth. The dynamite was
used in torpedoes during the Spanish
war as a defense to the harbor. Aft
er the war Maj. Fl. H. Adams, of the
engineer corps, instead of exploding
the torpedoes extracted the charges
and stored the dynamite. Maj. w. l..
Marshall has advertised it for sale,
but there have been no bids for it.
Mai. Marshall has therefore decid-
ed to sink the dynamite in casks Of
500 pounds each into the waters of
the Narrows. Electric connections are
to be made with the forts and the
dynamite will be exploded by the
touch of key. When Maj. Marshall
sets off his 1900 pounds of dynamite
Staten island fishermen expect to get
wonderful catch.
The Bossier banner. [volume] (Bellevue, Bossier Parish, La.) 1859-1952, 1901-08-01
"SIeep, Baby, Sleep"

Somebody has published an article
entitled: How Long Should Baby
Sleep?" There are plenty of people
in this country, says the Chicago Rec
d-Herald, who think "a hours day
would be about right.
The Bossier banner. [volume] (Bellevue, Bossier Parish, La.) 1859-1952, 1901-08-01

Trainboy-Here y'are fur yer nice
fresh molasses candy, bonbons, an
chocolate caramels! Candies nice and
fresh! No candies after the train
leaves!
Passenger-Are you sure they are
nice and fresh?
"Yes'm; / eats them mesself. N.
Y. Times.
The Bossier banner. [volume] (Bellevue, Bossier Parish, La.) 1859-1952, 1901-08-01
A Self-Made Victory.

II can't understand how Dooberby
got reelected treasurer of our club"
"Why can't you?"
"Wen, he got more votes than
there were members present, and 1
know eight that didn't vote for him."
Chicago Record-Heraid.
The Bossier banner. [volume] (Bellevue, Bossier Parish, La.) 1859-1952, 1901-08-01
Largest Flat Building.

A fat building to go up in Cincin-
natl this season will probably be the
largest one in the country. lts
frontage will be 1000 feet.
The Bossier banner. [volume] (Bellevue, Bossier Parish, La.) 1859-1952, 1901-08-01
FOIL,S.
By Oliver Beatrice Muir.

fFrom the Town and Country, New York Printed by
Permission.)
The Union times. [volume] (Union, S.C.) 1894-1918, 1901-03-15

Il had from the very beginning: the sore began to
heal and after taking a few bottles disa ppeared
entirely. This was two years ago theie are still
no signs Of the Cancer, and my general health
continues good.-MRs. r. SHIRER, la Plata, Mo
- - - is the greatest of all
blood purifiers, and the
only one guaranteed
0o0 purely vegetable. ho;s Send nd
Cancer. containing valuable and interest:
ing information about this disease, and
write our physicians about your case. we
make no charge for medical advice.
THE SWIFT SPECIFIC CO., ATLANTA. GA
The Union times. [volume] (Union, S.C.) 1894-1918, 1901-03-15
CI.ETIS EARN.

he'd In place by Il sort of stud button,
Ey 1 with enc holt to coniinc il To
the PARTITION. the C:l,l:; cf the stud TO
slide into slots in the floor above and
below. conlining the COW in the stall
hy Il chain behind hCr.
Preferably | would grade into bank
lG feet high above the basement. which
would give space for 4 room between
the stable and the floor above. 1t will
be well II we can get IN eight foot
bank to drive In over the basement
better IL we can get IL feet and still
better If we can get 81 feet to the ga
bic. If ridge roof with Il third pitch.
it would give us about % feet TO the
ridge of the roof where we would ha vc
hay carrier. Our silos going into
the earth ten feet below the stable
could stop at the top floor or coull go
some ten feet more to the support Of
the purlnc. high enough to weight;
itself"
y Silu located as here recommended
is scarcely more than 20 feet from any
Of the stock.
The Union times. [volume] (Union, S.C.) 1894-1918, 1901-03-15
Official CrOp Returns.

The August report Of the government
StatiStician shows the following aver
ages of condition upon Aug. ]: Corn.
50; spring wheat, 5G.4: oats. 81; bar.
ley, ZIG: spring rye. IG; buckwhcat.
SO; potatoes. $50. timothy hay. 100.
The average cQIdition of corn dccin-
cd two points during July, and on Aug.
| it was 81 points lower than at the
corresponding date last year. but =
point higher than on Aug. /, 1898, and
1.3 points above the mean of Angus /
averages for the last ten years. The
conditions in the principal states are
as follows: Ohio and Indiana. 9S; ILL
nois, 06; Iowa. 100; Missouri. 90: Kan
saS. "a, and Nebraska. So. During
July there was an improvement of s
points in Ohio. . in Indiana. 4 in Hi
pois and 3 In Iowa. On the other
hand, there was u decline Of . points
In Missouri. s in NebraskS and 22 In
Kansas.
The average condition of spring
wheat improved IL points during July,
but on Aug. it was 2T.2 points lower
than at the corresponding date last
u
1903, and 21.S points below the mean
pf the August average for the last ten
years. The conditions IN the princi-
pal states are as follows: Minnesota,
5S; North Dakota, %; South Dakota,
40: Nebraska. GA: Iowa. 91. During
July there was an Improvement Of 10
points In Minnesota. , points in South
Dakota and | point in Iowa. On the
other hand, there was decline of j
points in North Dakota and Of . points
in Aalraska.
The average condition OF cats de-
clincd - point during July. and on Aug.
| II was J.S points lower than at the
corresponding date last year. but g
point higher than on Aug. I. 1898, and
20 points above the mean of the Au-
gust averages for the last ten years.
The conditions In the principal states
are as follows: New YOrkg 81; Peun-
sylvnnla. 81: Ohio 03: Michigan. iO1
Indiana. o.: Illinois. o.: Wisconsin. -:
Minnesota. ~: Iowa. 90: Missouri. 100;
Knnsas, ~, und Nebraska, TS.
The Union times. [volume] (Union, S.C.) 1894-1918, 1901-03-15
Ditchcd tho EtStion.

II remember once driving across the
country with Bishop -" writes Rev
Cyrus Townsend Brady OF "A Mission
ary In the Great West" IL the Ladies'
Home Journal. while discussing the
nature OF the soul. That Is. the bishop
was discussing | was only prompting
by a question now all then. We were
Oh :hr rear scat OF Il wagon. with the
driver Uu I'll" f:oai seat. Ii was q
very dark ni%ht. In the middle Of the
bishops exposition the wagon took q
wild plunge there was IF crash. and
over we went into TIE muddy ditch.
~ beg year pardon. gents" said the
driver. who had retained control or the
horses as we scrambled to our feet. l
was SO Interested in hrarin the man
diScuSSin my Immortal soul. which
hardly ever kMowrn that ! had one be-
fore. that clean forgot where we was
AMI drov" You RlImp iuto the ditch
The Union times. [volume] (Union, S.C.) 1894-1918, 1901-03-15
Funny Freak. OF Yvcttc GuiIaert.

Funny Freaks OF Yvcttc GuiI3ert
Mile. Yvctte GuilbCrt In the hcyday
Of her American success was in splen-
did spirits. In crossing q certain dis.
trict on Sunday she was unable to get
4 bottle OF claret.
"lf l give 1t to you. madame" said
the waiter. IL shall have to go to jail"
Then CO." said Mile. Guilbcrt cheer
fully. "but first get me my clarct'
One afternoon in Chicago two blank
cards were sent up to her by callers de.
string her autograph. On the one she
wrote. "Yvette Gullhert Is a very good
singer" md on the other. "Yvettc Gull
bert is very naughty singer"
"Now." she said airily as she dropped
them on the tray. "lct them choose
whecch Is whccch."
Her wisdom was Of worldly de-
scription. For who will give me bread
when l no longer please by my songs.
the dear publecc? No. Therefore come
to America. and l come high."- Satur.
day Evening Post.
The Union times. [volume] (Union, S.C.) 1894-1918, 1901-03-15

me no pain or inconven-
eince. and I should have
forgotten about it had II
not begun to inflame and
itch (; IL would bleed q
little, then scab over, but
.Tould not heal. This
continued for some time,
when my jaw began to
swell. b &C o IN ing very
painful. The Cancer be-
gan to eat and spread,
until it was as large as q
half dollar, when I heard
Of S. S. s. and determine
ed to give 1t a fair trial,
and 1t was remarkable
what n wonderful effect
The Union times. [volume] (Union, S.C.) 1894-1918, 1901-03-15
ROUND BARNS.
Advantages Claimed For Round
Barn IncIosinE Round SIlos.

AdvnntaHes- Cfatucu Tor ~ Round
Barn IncIosinE Round Silos.
Drawing some comparisons between
the round and the square barn, Colonel
F. ID. Curtis of Wisconsin, writes ~
The National Stockman and Farmer
as follows: a neighbor is building onp
Of the square order 30 by GO feet. stone
basement, stalls for 3G cattle, frame
about 20 feet high to roof, requiring
1000 feet OF lumber for frame. 1t is
$50 feet around it and has an area Of
1,S0O feet. \ round barn 60 feet i'm di-
ametcr may have Il stone basement
and same height abovc,s more OF less.
1t will not take half as much lumber
frame and put 1t up and be vastly
stronger when completed. The area or
space it incloscs is 2,T00 fcct-half as
much again rs the square ono compar.
ed with, and the area of the walls will
be the same. 1t will give space for 40
10 ~ cattle stalls instead OF 80 in the
square barn. room for two round silos
16 feet each in diameter. IL properly
filed holding not less than 300 tons, To-
CT ted as near rs possible in the center
OF the circle of the stock to consume
the silaGc. saving more than half of the
labor of feeding silagc when stored
outside the stable.
The plan of basement here proposed
is designed to make 80 to 30 cattle COM
Portable in winter. The outside circle
represents the wall of the barn. Pref
crably would have 4 circular row of
stalls around the outside. but this Is
broken in upon TO give room TO drive
in q horse and cart-drive around and
out the same door to clean out the
ctablc. The stall partitions ar" to be
huI:; to Il = by 10 piece of studding I'm
the manger and the back C-u is to be
The Union times. [volume] (Union, S.C.) 1894-1918, 1901-03-15
Probate Sales.

''ate Of Snnth Carolina,
F'i- County.
L. X. Foster in hiI own right and as
Administrator Of Samuel Price, de.
ceased, P.ain,itf
against
Mary Rice. g n, Defendants.
To sell lands in aid of assets
BY a decree Of the Probat" Court. I
sill sell 10 lt highest bid er. before til.
cnult house dor in Union. OIL SAL S,i "
in April. NJ X. H. being lie first iiOiriay.
during the legal hours for sale. all IN II
lot of land located in the town ni Uni ~,
County of Union, State aforeSai''. III
taiIing twOaaIi OnP-sixth acres. ~ r.:
or less, and known in the sphl l,vi>'n', "f
]. Il. Ionnp's Dhwkims prop rt II, nrs
Nos Ia i. Il AID gu conveyed 80 ri !
Samuel Price by l.. G. Young ljh y .
vember, 1907,
These lots will ba sold separate Pl.ts
exhibited on day Of sale. On hr lilo u
ing terms tOwit: One halt cash, bln c..
on credit for twelve months witt interest
from date. The credit portinr &" / q ~
c,,r-d 10y b md Of purchaser or pi c'as.
ers d mortgage OF thu premises sn"l
i'u cha eIs O pay for papers, stamps
dnd recording.
JASON 81. GREER.
1O-3t Judge Ut Probate.
The Union times. [volume] (Union, S.C.) 1894-1918, 1901-03-15

Many sclons of European r0yait!
hold military commissions before they
are old enough to walk.
The Union times. [volume] (Union, S.C.) 1894-1918, 1901-03-15
An ANfHl L0aa.

At fire in Cambridge. Mass. an &C.
cupnnt Of the damaged house was be
wailing til" loss of her purse. Several
ircmrn Joined in II search ror the miss
Ing pockct;G0k. hut after spending
some time in their quest were St,ll nm
successful. Finally the chief said tt
the woman:
How mich WIS in the pockrtbnOE Z
AZ she answered. FIFTY cents" tn,
look Cr disgust on lir chiefs face wa.
too evident 10 Er mistaken.
The Union times. [volume] (Union, S.C.) 1894-1918, 1901-03-15
ECy:iHE Timothy.

In my opinion there is no better way
OF getting Il good stand of timothy
than to put the ground in good order
and SOW the seed about the last week
in September or first of October, one
bCSlcl To six acres. have sown in
corn the last time | worked the corn
and got the best kind of stand Cf
timothy and clover. remarks corrc
Spondcnt in National Stockman.
The Union times. [volume] (Union, S.C.) 1894-1918, 1901-03-15
4 willing Victim,

We'll. Mr.. 3lckcrs." spd Lawyer
Brcef. your wife sues for divorce and
asks $1,000 II year alimony. OF course
we will defend it."
NO. Mr. Brrcf. we Will not defend"
replied Mr.. Hickcrs.
"But that Is mn enormous alImony"
That's all right. but am for peace
at any price. ."-DctroIt Free Press.
The Union times. [volume] (Union, S.C.) 1894-1918, 1901-03-15
Lumber,
Farm For Rent.

A desirable o-horse farm, suitf
able for truck farming lying JUST
within and outside the incorporate
limits Of the town. Parties wishing
to rent same will apply at THE TIMES
Office or to Mr.. ]. G. HUaHEs, on Law
Range. 5-tf
The Union times. [volume] (Union, S.C.) 1894-1918, 1901-03-15
Geffzz1Q
7XnzEzg q

is all right, if you arc too fat;
and all wrong, if too thin already.
Fat, enough for your habit, is
healthy; little more, CT less, is
no great harm. Too far, consult
Il doctor; too thin, pcrsistcntly
thi:i, no matter what caucc, take
Scott's Emulsion Of Cod Liver
Oil.
There are many causes Of get
ting too thin; they all come
under these two heads: over
work and under-digestion.
Stop over-work, if you can;
but, whether you can or not,
take Scott's Emulsion of Cod
Liver Oil, to balance yourself
with your work. You can't live
on it--true--but, by it, you
can. There's a limit, however;
you'll pay for it.
SCOTS Emulsion of Cod Liver
Oil is the readiest cure for
"can't eat," unless it comes Of
your doing no work--you can't
long be we'll and strong, without
some sort Of activity.
i {; ! !: :
The genuine has a a
this picture on 1t, VNSA
take no other. ANSM
If you have not A IVA
tried it, send for stME6h u
free sample, its a IgNN
greeable taste will FNMVgK
surprise you. -lN\3iH
SCOTT g. BOVINE ~Ml X
Che SniStS, -slT ll1
400 Pearl Street, ~ N.Y.
New York. .zEaN~
coo. and ei,oo, all druggists.
The Union times. [volume] (Union, S.C.) 1894-1918, 1901-03-15
CANCER

Sufferers from this horrible malady
nearly always inherit it-not necessarily
from the parents, but may be from some
remote ancestor, for Cancer often runs
through several generations. This deadly
poison may lay dormant i'll the blood for
years, or until you reach middle life, then
the first little sore or ulcer makes its APP
pearance a swollen gland in the
breast, or some other part of the body,
gives the first warning.
To cure Cancer thoroughly and per1na.
nently all the poisonous virus must be
eliminated from the blood-every vestage
IF it driven out This S. S. S. does, and
is the only medicine that can reach deep
seated, obstinate blood troubles like this.
When all the poison has been forced out
of the system the Cancer heals, and the
disease never returns
Cancer begins often in small way, as the
following letter from Mrs. Shirer shows {:
A small PIN pie came on my jaw bout inch
below the ear on the left side of my face 1t gave