davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Little Falls herald. [volume] (Little Falls, Morrison County, Minn.) 1889-1950, 1901-12-20
PltRz,

Dec. 1.-THE new school house in
district No. 81, Grant City is now CON-
pleted. and school will :.open there on
Jan. 6 with Miss Maggie Cross, of Ben
ton county, al teacher.
Jacob Nohner won the alto ratified by
Theo. Stumpf.
Math Meyer and Mics Mary Billmaier,
both of Zerf, were married in Little
Falls Friday. We wish them luck sand
prosperity.
John Otremba, of Buh, sold his 80
acre farm to a party from st. Cloud for
$1,000 and bought Leonard Jaeger's
house in the village for $445 aud will
take possession by April l..
Otto Bolster is reported dangerously
i'll.
Misses Agnes and Anna Zimmerman,
OF Cold springs, Stearns county, are here
visiting their brother Anton.
A reception Was given at Arnold
Nagel's place Monday evening in honor
OF Karl Miller, of Berlin, Germany, who
is visiting at M. Nagels. Alarge gather
ing OF people was present and q pleas
ant evening was spent. The Piers Union
orchestra aad the Maennor cheir enter
laiued the guests With music and songs.
Alois Phillips will leave Saturday for
his home at Bird Island where he in-
tends to spend the holidays.
Martin Christensen will take posses.
SION of the farm he bought of Mash
Eisel by Jan. Is. Mr.. Eisel will move to
Little Falls where he intends to make
his home with his son-in. law John Hot.
man..
The following attending the Piers pub
school we're neither tardy MOI absent for
the last mouth ending Dec. ID; John,
Annie and Mary Neisius, Frank, Peter
and Lizzie Marshik, Casper aud John
Nohner, Andrew, Frank and Crescentia
Faust, Anton and Julie Kobilka, Loren,
Kraener, Annie and Katie Meyer and
Katie Phjlippi. !
St. Cloud ,-Journal.P Press: A Rich
Prairie farper braved the elements Sat.
urday'morning in a forty mile drive and
was at the D. S. land Office before hal
past 8 O'Clock. The farmer-by name
Jos. Preg'meier-drove all the way tc
st. Cloud with the mercury down tt
thirt and lower in exposed places. AM
sold q load of Christmas trees for 81. so
then gazing to the land Office to look W
a tract Of government land. His spec
tacles were covered with a coating O
frost and he gave evidences of the ter
rible drive in the intense cold. He wa
at the land Office before the officials hal
their eyes fully opened.
Little Falls herald. [volume] (Little Falls, Morrison County, Minn.) 1889-1950, 1901-12-20
MOTLEY.

Dec. 15.-Matilda Hull has been
granted a pension of % per month.
Wolf L Torgerson hgureton moving in.
to their new store this week.
News was recei we'd that James McKil-
lop, only son of Mr.. and Mrs. Vim. Nc.
Killop. formerly Of this place, was 40:
c~identally killed at Cutback, Mont,
Thanksgiving day by the discharge of q
rifle in the hands Of q. friend.
There will be . tree at the Methodist
church Christmas eve, Dec. Oath.
Julius 1chler will cook in one of Bonnesa
L Hove's camps this winter.
Miss Myrtle Stewart has gone to Lake
port.
Bert Lufkln will have charge of camp
for Bonness & Howe this winter.
Mrs. Lucr& tia Peckham died at the
home of her daughter, Mrs. T. s. Briggs,
in Akeley, last Tuesday night, aged "a
years. Interment took place in Motley
Friday. aud the remains we're laid by
those OF the husband, who died in 1897.
The deceased leaves i've sons and three
daughters John, Nel~on and Marion,
of Baglsy. Eugene and George, who live
north of Motley, Mr.. D. Patch, OF Mot
10y, Ars. Geo. Tracy, Of Pequot, and
Mrs.. Briggs.
Ben Gale will cook for Joha Densou
near Lake George. ~~
A.W. Sherman, q Wizard, xasi lin. Not.
~ last wesk bsy1g De1stss tsr Do.
10Th shipnsAt.
Little Falls herald. [volume] (Little Falls, Morrison County, Minn.) 1889-1950, 1901-12-20

3NllE1,

~
De-. 17,-NiasE ala Bnosuyau oicrov
Wios,zvash srs last wesik visiting rsla-
HvsgA&tisnA .s.@
~. H~ary Baldwin |. q.is NJ nth
hsast ai.sass !
.chas. Gotta otaravslsills dsitsdh;e.ds
as1 relatives Asrs:laSt wssk.
We lod . how II or sebool hesss
last wesk witch ~ .soa ssjoys1 By
thss,disass. Annis aaA 1s1ss wsa :
psiisA
= - X -. r. = - 49, =
hsnry Baldwin Of III lows eane
ffo. lows 'ast sp,iiag.. He purehassa .
iarzs with vsry sasdy soil. He planted
corn aad raised over 1850 bssAsss. on IL.
which sells for As 70 80 osnts per bsshsi.
Little Falls herald. [volume] (Little Falls, Morrison County, Minn.) 1889-1950, 1901-12-20

Dseal7-ThsSosd ssap nads . I'll
realise it.. Thsrnonstsr down 70 9Se
Saturday and. 80e sunday nosai.g ~
minded a d torner dimes. bat ~ have
to Nc oar wagons on the.oadsi yst. ]
Nov It was Waihr Fss,sv and Mis-
Kate aray Who went - Little Fslls
Saturday aad:got narvisd privately, 30
as to spoil ., artil3s ior %, bat W wish
the0 success. anyway.
JaeebW. 9isa a,d viii departed for
'hsir hoansi il LsSssas eessey Aosdsy:
morning in time 10 make . shost WHIT II
LITTLE FAAs With Mn. 4: E. Boyso. Mn.
joha Browa accompanied thsn 60 Little
Falls. ;;
VIM stFab1i II getting betssP but il
not yet able to ct out to do anything.
Wn. and Anaodus TArbsr, of Todd
eoantyt have bought out tho old Gish,
saw mill and are going to put in a
stronger engine and run the mill where
it now 10 for one or two months and
then move it to their home at Round
Prairie. /
A. g. Oby and wife and Mrs. Siddie
Gishs went to Little Fal1s Tuesday.
VIM. Baily got a leg hurt last week.
enough to make him 60 lame, but did
not lay hum up.
The Free Methodists commence now,
and will hold q series OF revival meetings
probably all through the holiday sea-
son. Preacherin charge is Rev. Norris.
Little Falls herald. [volume] (Little Falls, Morrison County, Minn.) 1889-1950, 1901-12-20
EAST BELLEVUE

Dcc. 16.-Mr. and Mrs. Fred Lakin
went to Little Falls Thursday. =
Corn is As cents per bushel here now
and shipping has begun in earnest.
Miss Mamie Lisle taught school No.. l.,
Of this district, last week in place of her
sister Florence, who is now able to be
around again.
Mr.. Jones. who has been working for
w. A. Trask, will move to Royalton
and will cut. and pack ice the coming
winter.
Harry Burt took to Bemidji last week
q carload of horses for Wise L Mckay,
OF Brainerd. The horses will be used in
the woods there this winter. Harry GAYS
Bemidji is overrun With men looking for
work.
A child belongiu to Mr.. Carnes OF this
vicinity, 10 dangerously i'll with wintsr
cholera.
Henry Jackson has rented the old, II.
Al. Bouck farm and will move there in.
the spring.
Late reports from Arthur Burt and
George Lakin who are in the woods 5;for
Geo. Nichols are that numbering is pro
grecsing fine in that locality.
There are a number Of cattle dying
around here. oil. an unknown cause.
Frank Hale was out 10 the country
hunting rabbits a short time ago. HE
took a couple fellows along to show him
how to shoot. but he turned the cables
on them and got more than his share Of
game:
Harley Grabtree was out hunting last
Thursday, and after shooting: seven
times at a wolf and five times at q, rsb.
DIT. likes good fellow, let them 60: Nv.
all know that Harley is . goodzsbao,:
he claims that the sight on The. gun Id,
changed. : =
Miss Addie Lawrence, who has bee.
SICK with typhoip feever, is worse adain
Little Falls herald. [volume] (Little Falls, Morrison County, Minn.) 1889-1950, 1901-12-20
SOCIAL CITY.

Dec. 1O-D. Thelen lost a horse last
week.
Henry Love end family arrived Tues
day.
John Driver is working with l. II.
Estey.-
Marsh Thelen killed two deer on his
hunting trip-not one, as previously
stated.
Sylvester Love and family have moved
here. and his house il nearly ready to
move into.
Frank Love was visiting here and was
taken sick and could not return home
today.
Willie Estey and Frank Foster of Oak
Ridge spent Sunday here. -.
I. H. Estey has teen hunting, for his
broncho, which has been out in the
woods for two months. lie located it.
Henry Love lost a valuable horse last
night.
jos. kathburn has boen stopping at J.,
P. Lsigh's for a few days.
Mrs. Frank Love came in today to gee
her husband and Washington Love came
with her to take his son home.
Dec, 1911. II. Rstey succeeded in cap
tueing his wild broncho Lust Thursday
and 10 now breaking it to drive. =:
c. A. Estey went to Little Falls, re-
turning Friday with Mr.. O'Brisn to saw
shingles and q boy for knot sawyer.
They will commence saving shingles the
first OF the week.
Henry Love waa in Agram Thursday
to Saturday.
A dog fight here last week. Ono dog
jumped in the we'll after they were
through fighting, and then it wasn't 40
funny, for the dog had to be fished out
and the wellcIeaned, and we oil had to
carry water from the creek till the we'll
filed again. We don't want a dog fight
everyday.
Little Falls herald. [volume] (Little Falls, Morrison County, Minn.) 1889-1950, 1901-12-20

Why ruiz tho risk Of yosr tg d
trimming awaysor being injured NJ i.
.you have irse shed room and /.
trade with 9 reliable lra III,
PHnIIPs 4 GIBSON, West Sido.S
Little Falls herald. [volume] (Little Falls, Morrison County, Minn.) 1889-1950, 1901-12-20

WANTED-To trade awork horse
for driver. DIN GRAY.
The representative., 1901-11-14

are provided partly by the state and
partly by local rate levied BY the
school assembly when it meets The
amount to which the state subsidies the
commune varies according to the wealth
of the commune
1t IS difficult to exaggerate the i'm
portance of these local assemblies upon
the development Of Swiss democracy.
The introduction Of the referendum or
initiative into the cantonal and federal
constitutions is of recent date; but the
people have been trained to direct lexis-
lation in their local assemblies for half
a thousand years. Democracy in Switz-
erland,' says Mr.. Lowell, is not merely
a national or cantonal matter, but has
its roots far down in the local bodies,
and this gives it stability and conserv-
atism which it lacks in most other con-
tinental nations"
Comment.-Notice here the difference
IN race. language, religion, customs of
living and previous forms of govern
ment. Notice also that there was little
national feeling and that there is much
local feeling. due to a decentralization
OF power. AS we go on with the history
we shall find that the Swiss believe in
keeping things in the hands of the local
authorities as far as possible and that
this tendency is favored by the referen-
dunn and initiative. In fact, it may be
said to be a growth of the local use of
direct legislation. 1t is one of the in
direct effects of direct legislation which
some think more valuable than its direct
effects.
The next article will deal with the
framework of the Swiss governments
and the plural is used advisedly here.
as there is much diversity still in their
governments. and as long as they re-
tain direct legislation each canton will
have its points of difference from its
neighbors. In other words. it will have
an individuality, strong and free. This
is the most precious possession of an
| individual or a state, and is entirely
different from individualism.
ELTwEED PoMERoY.
The representative., 1901-11-14
SWITZERLAND'S POLITICAL SIT
UATION.

play of intelligence by the Third Ass
istant Postmaster General reflects great
credit upon him. There can be no ques-
tion but what the prompt action of this
Public censor will kill Socialism dead.
The ethics of Christianity were killed
dead when Christ was cruci6ed, and the
the alleged right of the black man to
have personal liberty was killed dead,
when the slave power hung Johh Brown,
and of course Socialism is killed dead
by the action of the P M. Genearl So it
will be waste of time to study Socialism,
therefore, don't read, don't think, don't t
reason, don't do anything that will dis
turb the rights of the capitalist class to
appropriate the greater part of the pro-
duct of your labor 1t would be treason
to reason or think, so don't do it.
1t is wise man who sends IS cents for
100 assorted leaflets and distributes them
among his neighbors. We will get social
ism if you will work for it, and we will re-
tain capitalism if you don't SO get to
work among the people if you are wise, if
not, well you can be skinned just the
same as you have been
Mrs Roosevelt, it is said, can dress on
10000 per year, so could thousands of
other women, if they could only get the
100000.
There is only one way to make Socialists
and that is to get them to read Socialist
literature.
Comrade Father Thomas McGrady, the
Socialist priest, is having hard time to get
his brother priests to debate the question
of Socialism with him. He has challenged
Father Wimsey, Father Mackey, Arch
bishop Corrigan, Father Mulhane, literary
editor "The Catholic Columbian" and the
democratic aspirants for United States
senatorship from Kentucky, but they all
have so far failed to respond to his chal-
lenge.
In his challenge to Archbishop Corrigan,
Father McGrady says:
'The Pope's encyclical on Socialism has
no dogmatic value in view of the fact that
it is not the work of Leo XIII as the head
The representative., 1901-11-14

of the church proclaiming doctrine of faith
and morals, but merely the opinion of
Joachim Pecci as a writer on social econ
omy'
This passage from the challenge to
Father Mulhane is entertaining as we'll as
correct:
with show of fairness, which masks
an ignorance hyperrophied beyond the skill
of the most clever mental surgery to cure,
you write that Socialism in its milder form
desires that government touch the people
nearer than it does now in many of its pub
lie activities; it advocates governmental
control of railroads, telegraphs, ETC., just,
as the postal service is now managed
Under the present economic system of
competitive industry, the government does,
indeed, touch the people with a glad
abandon child-like and bland and will, no
doubt, continue to touch them on behalf
of its many public activities as long as the
national debt remains unpaid to the Old
Lady of Thread-needle Street. To speak of
Socialism in its nilder form is like speak
ing of trigonometry in its milder form, or
of subdued and meek table of logarithms
Socialism does not advocate governmental
control of railroads, telegraphs, etc., but a
public, cooperative ownership of all the
means of production and distribution Gov
ernmental control and cooperative public
ownership are as different from each other
as darkness is from light In Germany,
for instance, there is governmental control
of railroads and telegraphs, but the COM
mon people still pay the same taxes and con-
tinue to be touched on behalf of the many
public activities"
And the following paragraph from the
same def is excellent.
Again, you say that Socialism would
put premium on laziness and inactivity
and the result would be that men would not
labor, if they found that all the fruits were
to be distributed to others Socialism
would do quite the contrary; for every man
would receive the full product of his labor.
Socialism does not believe in dividing up;
and the man who will not work must starve.
You should bear in mind, moreover, that
laziness is a disease of the tissues, not of
The representative., 1901-11-14

budget is, however. accepted. This is
never laid before the people. In the
other communities of Geneva the num-
Der is fixed at one-third of the voters.
and the demand must be sent in within
fourteen days. The people of Geneva
| also have the right of initiative Any
200 citizens can either draw up
scheme. which must be sent to the elec-
torate without alteration, or they may
suggest project to the councils in gen.
eral terms, leaving them to work it out.
In the first case, the council has the
right of proposing an alternative scheme
to the people, or can merely advise that
| the popular proposal be accepted or re-
jected.
Besides these communal assemblies
there are parish meetings, which are as
semblies of all the members of the same
confession living within the boundaries
of the commune. The people in every
canton decide what form of religion
shall be the state religion. In nine can
| tons they have adopted Roman Catholi-
cism, in six others both Roman Catholi-
cism and Professionalism, while in FIVE
| others there are three state churches, and
Neuchatel supports an Israelitish society
besides three Christian sects. The state
denominations are supported by the pub
lie treasury, but local matters concerning
the church are considered in the parish
meetings. The questions dealt with in
the meetings include the election of pas
tors, the building and maintenance of
houses of worship, and the management
of church funds. The members of this
assembly also elect the church officers,
who administer the affairs of the soci-
ETY.. supervise the work of the pastor,
and in some states act as a board of
overseers of the poor.
| "The School District Assembly is an
other of these local mass meetings. The
members Of the co1nmune--or, II, the
case of the small communes, the men,
berS of several communes-meet togeth-
er to elect a school board, and to exer-
else a general supervision over all edit
cational matters. The necessary funds
The representative., 1901-11-14
Gil and other local officials.

Gil and other local officials.
Any member of the assembly may Of
fer motions or amendments at the meet
ing, but usually these are brought for
ward by the Executive, or referred to
that body before being finally voted on.
I'm the towns of Berne and Zurich it
has become impossible for the people
to assemble together in mass meeting,
owing to the growth of population, and
we therefore get the councils elected by
the people. In Berne, since 1887, there
is communal council of nine members,
and a municipal council, which super
vises the communal council. The inhab-
itants Of the commune elect these coun-
ellis annually, but they do not surrender
their powers to them. A communal vot-
ing by ballot takes place once a year at
least, in which the people decide on all
important questions, the town being di-
vided into several districts for the pur-
pose oflvoting. In addition to this, any
500 citizens may bring forward any pro-
posal which is submitted by the councils
to the leople.
The commune of Zurich was reor-
ganizeda in 1891, and possesses now a
councilIof nine members, which act as
the executive, and Great Municipal
Councils which is the deliberative body.
In this tasA also the electors vote final
ly on al important matters, and on all
appropriations over certain amount.
"The right of the people to initiate
proposals themselves is also recognized
in Zurich, and is vested in any 300 cit
liens.
''In the canton of Geneva a communal
referendum was established in 1904,
much like that of Berne and Zurich.
The difference is that in Berne and
Zurich certain questions must 60 to the
people and be voted on, whereas in Ge-
neva 4 voting only takes place when a
derna.sd TO that effect has been presented
by certain number of citizens. In the
municipality of Geneva any I,2oo cleo
tors may demand a referendum on any
| resolution of the council within thirty
days after it has been passed. The
The representative., 1901-11-14
The REFERENDUM m
SWITZERLAND.
eselraets faom -. 0epioige' 8 book.
1.-The Referendum in 6witzer.
land" by Eltweed Pomeroy.
with comments.

Note.-About eight years ago. when
the royal referendum was being agitated
in Belgium, M. Simon Deploige, Bel
gian lawyer with strong conservative
tendencies, visited Switzerland and made
a thorough study of the referendum and
initiative and wrote book on it, which
was published in 1892. This was trans
lated BY c. p. Trevelyan and edited with
noses by Miss Lillian Tomm, both of
whom, I am told, are members of the
English Fabian Society, and published
last year in England. 1t is somewhat
rare hook in this country, which is the
excuse for making this series of articles
from It.
Lawyers are trained to look back. to be
governed by precedent, tradition, etc., and
N. Dcploige is no exception to that rule.
His attitude is very curious and uncer-
tain. They have never had the referen-
dunn in Belgium hence it is an innova-
tion and must be wrong. But in Switz-
erland they have had it for years, and
it is firmly rooted and spreading hence
it is an established institution and must
be right. So he wavers between two
opinions. In the last chapter. in sum-
ming up results, he says:
I'VE described the fears of its oppos-
ers and the hopes of its supporters.
Nov, fi,,t the referendum, has haeu ~,
force certain number of years. we
should like to know how far the appre-
tensions of the one or the confidence of
the other were exagGefated, and whether
the future has justified those who fought
against legislation by the people or those
who guided it to victory. These ques-
tions are, however, so dufficult and COM
plicated that | cannot pretend to give
The representative., 1901-11-14
beware OF SOCIALISM,
IT is DANGEROUS

1t is extremely dangerous to under
stand Socialism, so beware of it! Do not,
under any circumstances, read about it!
1t might open your eyes SO that you could
see that Socialism was nothing more or
less than the ethics of Christianity the
Golden Rule applied to every day life,
and that wouldn't do at all, because you
might become discontented with your
condition "in which it has pleased Provi-
dence to place you," and you might con-
clude to compel the rich idlers to 60 to
work and support themselves instead of
you supporting them as you now do. 1t
will be much better to let the capitalists,
your masters, do your reading and think
ing. Slaves have no right to read, think
or reason-it makes them demand un-
reasonable things, such as real homes,
shorter work days. the full value of the
product of their labor, etc. 1t will be bet
ter to continue voting the old party ticket
even though it makes pauper of you and
your family go hungry and wear rags.
AOOVC Oil OOA lCdO dIly 0O~lolISI
books, such as Bellamy's Equality,
Blatchford's "Merrie England" Sprague's S
Socialism from Genesis to Revelation" +"
or such papers as the appeal to Reason" "
the Workers Call, the Missouri Social
ist," or the Representative" Such liter
ature will poison your mind. l note with
much satisfaction that there is one man
in the United States who has assumed the
role of press censor, and proposes, so far
as lies within his power, to prevent the
Great American Voting Kings from read
ing Socialistic papers, and with this end
in view he has denied mailing privileges
except at prohibitive rates of postage, to
"Challenge," of New York. and "Under-
current" of Redlands, Cal. understand
that he has denied mailing privileges
to three or four other Socialist papers
within the past four months. Such dis
The representative., 1901-11-14

people in fifteen cantons. All official
documents, laws, and administrative or
ders issued by the Federal government
are published in theer languages-Ger-
man, French and Italian-while in a
canton like Berne, where the people are
partly French and partly German, the
cantonal laws and DEGREES are published
in both languages. The cantons can be
classified according to religion just as
easily as according to race, but the lines
of race and religion do not coincide.
ITO avoid absorption in their power
full neighbors and to preserve their in
dependence, they have catered into an
alliance, of which the Federal govern
ment is the political expression. Hence,
we find in Switzerland an intense local
patriotism. great jealousy Of any en-
croachment by the central government,
and also the firm intention Of supporting
it at all hazards.
"The Swiss citizen is first of all a
member of a commune, then member
of canton, and last Of all member Of
the Federal Government. The three
thousand communes into which the
country is divided are, in fact, the basis
of the Swiss constitution, for it is only
by being member of a commune that
Swiss becomes citizen of the repub-
lie. The communes vary in size and ex-
tent, those that include the large towns
being in different position as regards
wealth and population from those in the
purely agricultural districts. Each COM
mune, whether large or small, is practic-
ally state in miniature, with an organ
lied government, consisting of delib-
erative and all executive body. In the
| German parts of Switzerland the delib-
erative body, known as the Communal
Assembly, is composed of all the resi-
dent male citizens. They meet together
at regular intervals and decide all ques-
|tions relating to local police, sanitation
THE maintenance of highways, the erec.
ton of buildings, and the sale of landed
property. At these meetings they fix the
annual budget, pass the accounts, levy
new taxes, and elect the executive coun-