davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-04-21
Campaign Of the Audubon |s.- .:
'r- SOCIETY L SEES Millions Because Insect Destroyers
Against Bird Destruction. ;.....

L ses Millions Because lnse,

purposes Of millinery. It Is claimed that
the fault here does not rest entirely with
the ladies who wear birds skins in their
hats. but rather in the lack of public edu-
cation as to the better uses Of birds. Care
less sportsmen and young collectors OF BIRDS
skins. eggs and nests stand in need Of that
education which will make them capable Ct
lars to a commit nifty.
While the actual utility Of birds is only
one Of the reasons for their preservation,
some very significant facts hav been gath
cred in this connection. 1t is said that $780,
100000 that should go to the farmer, the
gardener and the ~fruitgrower in the United
States are lost every year by the ravages
Of insects. 1t is calculated that an average
insectivorous bird destroys $500 insects in
are over 1oo. 100 kinds Of insects in the
United States. and that In many cases they
increase by billions yearly. It d seen how
useful the birds may become. It IL part Of
modern bird study to learn the peculiaritiea
Of the insect-eating birds, and how even the
so-called seed-eaters feed their young large
~ upon insects and eat a great many Ct
them themselves. A sense Of the cruelty Of
the plume hunters. and Of the inhumani.y
Of the fashion that makes plume hunting
profitable. Is expected to follow naturally
when q boy or girl has learned how the
presence of birls works for the good Of man.
Colorea Sketches In Schools.
It Is interesting to note that as Audubon
attracted the interest Of the world largely
through his colored sketches, %. to-day,
there il nothing which awakens more in
terest in the living birds than the illumi-
mated charts which the Massachusetts
Audubon Society has published. There
are W OF these charts. each giving accU-
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-04-21

to a home for crippled children. where 1t
has become q permanent delight.
The Massachusetts Audubon Society has
done a great deal Of missionary work OF
various sorts which has been duplicated In
other States. The "Audubonists," as some
Of the women in the organization call them
selves, nave lone much to make the wear
ing of the feathers of wild birds unfashion-
able. The strength of the organization has
been successful in obtaining very satisfac-
tory laws for bird protection; but, after all.
the really effective element and that to be
most encouraged is an appreciative afection
for birds throughout the whole community.
The society has CONF to consider the en-
enlargement and building up of such a SEN
timent its chief object, and l. Is for this
reason that anything that apeals to the
interest and Imagination Of the child like
these colored charts Of common birds, Is
considered of particular Importance.
That the charts have done what they are
expected to do in this regard is proven by
the reports of all kinds that come to Miss
Harriet FL Richards. the secretary of the
society, at the Natural History building. in
Boston. Children that begin by studying
bird charts and forming bird clubs gener-
ally pay the nominal fee demanded and be-
come Junior members Of the society. They
sign . little pledge promising not to harm
the birds or their eggs and to protect them
whenever they are able. Those who have
an aptitude for drawing compete for prizes
given for bird sketches and all are kept
interested In the work Of the great national
movement to which they are contributors.
As q result an increase Of birds Is already
reported in regions where an insect-ridden
bird desert was threatened.
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-04-21
An Archipelago Of
Two Hundred Tiny Islands.

But before 1 go further let me give you
some idea as to the extent Of the ISLANDS.
You know that they lie south OF the equa-
tor and a little to the west Of our possess
sions in Samoa. but you may not know that
they are scattered over the sea for a dis
lance, of several hundred miles. and that
they constitute all together more than zoo
different island n islets. They were dis
covered in 1913 by the Dutch navigator Tas-
man. the same man who discovered Tas-
mania. and they became a British colony
in 1874. All together. their area is a little
less than that of Massachusetts, and their
total population about that of Omaha.
They are growing less in number every
year. There were 10000 more forty years
ago than there are now, a fact which u e.
gests that modern civilization may mean
death to the savages Of the South Seas.
The same falling on has occurred in the
Hawaiian Islands as well as in other
places where the foreigners have introduced
new diseases along with other evils which
we have, but which they had not. Take
the measles, for instance. This disease was
unknown until 1t was brought in by tho
Europeans. but when it came 1t took of 49,
600 people the first year, and it has killed
many since.
And still the Fijians are az strong and as
good looking as the foreigners. They are
among the finest OF the Melanesians, and
are far superior to our American Indians.
They have dark copper skins, frizzly hair
which stands up about their heads In al
enormous mop. making them look very tall.
They plaster their hair with dampened lime
In order to have it stand straight. and this
in connection with the sun bleaches it to
an auburn and makes it look very curious.
The men are tall and we'll formed. The
women. when young. are fine looking. hav-
ing handsome eyes and well-molded faces.
In the settled regions the women wear
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-04-21
American Trade and
The DAYS of Cannibalism.

At the present time the Fiji Islands alone
are annually importing about S,sSvvV
1orth of goods, n q large part Of TINS
already comes from the mite 'Sta.es. w
are supplying them with timber. Ihey Dus
our coal oil, and our hardware prines .he
highest price in their markets. The Amer
team az is the only kind a Fijian Will use.
He likes it because it is light, sharp anu
veu tempered. and he will. buy It every
time in preference to a German or an Ens-
fish ak. He likes American knives Win
blades about fifteen inches long to clear nus
fields and gather his bananas ana cocoanu.s,
and he is also fond of our cheap watches
and clocks. I am told a good business can
be created there in knocked-down furniture
and also in low-priced pianos ana organs.
The people buy about $20O,0W worth OF COT
tons yearly. and there Is a demand ioF
canned meats and 6our. Our merchants
can learn all about the markets by writing
to the chambers OF commerce at Levuka
and Suva. There are banks at both places.
Our drummers can be accommodated at
good hotels. at either of these TOWNS. and
they need not fear the meat brought on
the table, for cannfbalism passed away long
before the English got possession OF the
Fills. Indeed. the Fiji Islands are now
more advanced than parts OF the Philip
pines, and their condition shows what q
nation IKE ours can do with its colony at
Tutuila in Samoa and with the wilder parts
Of the Philippines. There are men still liv-
ing here In New Zealand who can tell you
stories OF the days when the Fijians were
the bloodthirstiest cannibals on earth. They
had human sacrifices. and widows we're ex-
pected to burn themselves on the funeral
pyres of their husbands. When a cEief
built q house he festively planted a living
victim under each post, n when his canoes
were launched he used living men as rollers
upon which to slide them down, into the sea.
When he died his wives were strangled to
line his grave, that he mightelie soft: and
such q thing as killing . babyzwas too ccm-
mon for notice.
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-04-21

As to the HindooS, they are returned At
the expense of the colony. It costs more
to import them, but they are usually en-
gagged for terms of five years, on the I'M
Outstanding that they will a food free
for six months after their arrival, and free
lodgings and medical care for the whole
term. Their wages are paid weekly. Each
man gets Is cents a day hi each woman
Is cents. Up to 1898 more than 1900 East
Indians had been imported upon these con-
ditions, and of these 1000 had remained
In the colony. Many had settled on Govern
ment lands at the close Of their service
and some had little plantations Of rice.
sugar and bananas Of their own. The Hin
docs could be brought to he Philippine
Fills. and it Is a question whether they
would not be a valuable addition to our
working population there.
Another part Of this federation Is to be
the Tongas. These are a group of islands
lying northwest Of New Zealand and south
east OF the Fills. They are now under .
British protectorate, although they stiIl
country in connection with the legislative
assembly. The Government, in fact. is a,
sort of a constitutional monarchy under
England. Half Of the Assembly Is COM
posed OF the mobiles and the other half
Is made up Of representatives elected by
ouCU VI tUe natives A6 udV0 p0lO their
taxes. The mobiles can only hold office
during good behavior and the taxation
clause makes only the best OF the natives
eligible to the Assembly.
These Tonga Islands have an area all
together about one-tenth that Of Connecti-
cut. The largest Of them II only twenty
two miles long. and there are many which
are little more than atolls and coral rocks
rising out Of the sea. Some Of them are
volcanic. but their soil Il well fitted for
cocoanuts and sugar.
Al to population. the Tongans are only
o 1000 in number They are Poly
nesianS. having compilations Of q light
copper color and features not much un-
like our Filipinos. They are all Christians,
and. Is q general thing. are religious. They
have but one TOW Of good size. Nukua-
lofa, the capital. This Is situated on the
largest island. running about Q beautiful
harbor. It Is q very pretty little place
with wide streets and nice houses shaded
by cocoanut m other tropical trees. The
finest buildings are the Palace Of the
King and the Methodist college for girls.
The tow has . cricket club and . race
track. and there are on the island, II II
SAID. some Of the finest carriage roads
south Of the equator.
FRANK q. CARPENTER
Copyright. tso1. By Frank q. carpsntx.
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-04-21
Fiji Architecture and
How the Natives Live.

Tho Fill villages are made almost en-
tirely tn tched huts, the walls made Of
woven bamboo. The roofs are very thick,
n the thacht is so beautifully put on that
It seems to be wovan. No nils are used in
building, the walls being tied together with
strings. Some of the houses are con-
ical in shape, others oblong, and others
oval. The usual hut has but one room, in
which the whole family stays in the day.
time, when it rains. and where all sleep at
night. The usual bed is a mat on the floor
and the pillow a bamboo log, placed under
the neck in order to keep the sleepers
head dress well up from the ground. There
Is but little cooking, and fruit forms a large
part of the diet of the people.
In the mountains there are savage Fijians
who keep themselves apart from the civil
wear a strip Of bark about their waists
tied at the front in a bow while the women
have a fringe Of grass about four inches
long. Both sexes take a great deal of pride
in their head dresses.
There is a close connection between New
Zealand and the Fits. You can get boats
here every few weeks for the two chief
ports, Suva and Levuka, and the excursion
there is one Of the favorite ones Of this
part Of the world. 1t Is looked upon hero
much as a trip up the Great Lakes is
looked p In the United States. I have
met a number of men who have been to
the islands. and they tell me that they are
the paradise of the Pacific. They describe
Suva, the capital, as being especially beau
tiful. It has nan nice foreign houses,
and about 1000 Europeans. as well as a
large number Of natives. Its chief street,
the Victoria Parade, Is paved with soap
stone. It is lined with shade trees and is
almost a mile long. The town has four
hotels, a public library. a mechanics in
stitute and Presbyterian, Ep~iscopalian and
Catholic churches.
1t is at Suva that the Governor has his
offices. He is, of course, an Englishman.
and he lives like n little King in a palace
tom-house, a post Office, a hospital and a
iunatic asylum.
Levuka, the former capital, Is some dis
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-04-21
AFUI HOUSE

\ as far as possible, but in five of the Prov
inces there are European officers as resi-
dent commissioners to assist the chiefs.
The colony is on a good paying basis. 1t
has about 81. OOO,O OG debt, but it is reducing
this every year, and at present Its revenues
are considerably greater than its expendi-
lures. About half the receipts come from
the customs and the remainder from other
taxation.
There is a great deal of money made In
the Fills out of sugar plantations and CO.
coanut groves. The climate and soil are
not far different from parts Of the Philip
pines. The sugar lands are rich, and upon
the higher portions Of the country coffee
is now being grown, yielding about 600
pounds to the acre. A large number of tea
gardens have recently been set out. The
average tea yield is already 400 pounds per
acre, and when the trees are a little older
It is said this will be increased to 600 pounds
per acre.
One Of the best businesses outside the
sugar is in cocoanut trees. Each tree yields
about a hundred nuts per annum and
this rate a grove of 10000 trees will bring
in 10000 q year, and as the trees are set
close together the 10000 do not represent a
very large area. After the trees are once
planted little needs to be done until they are
in bearing, which comes at about the same
Time as the average apple Tree. Inc SAME
conditions prevail in the Philippines. and I
expect to see many Americans making for
tunes out Of %cocoanuts there. The nuts are
broken open and the meat Is cut up and
dried, when it is called copra, and Is then
ready for shipment abroad for use In maxi
ing soaps. hair restorers and other such
things.
Nearly all the profitable enterprises In
the Fits are owned or backed by English
men. The chief question which confronts
them is that Of labor. The Fits themselves
do not supply the demand. and Of late they
have been importing laborer, from the Solo
mon Islands, the New Hebrides and the Gil
berts. They have also imported a number
Of Hindoos. who make better workmen than
any Of the others.
The Government has its fixed Law as to
these importations. It costs about SIS to
import a native from the New Hebrides.
and $40 from the Gilberts. and the en-
ployer has to agree to return the laborer at
his own expense at the close Of the en-
gagement. The usual term Of service is for
three yearE, during which the men each
receive SIS a year. and in addition free food,
lodging and clothes. The wages must be
paid in cash, and the men must be given
the chance to go back home at the close
of the term If they wish.
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-04-21

enecial Correspondents OF The Sunday Republic.
wellington, New Zealand. March %
Before 1 begin my letters on the
continent Of Australia want TO
tell you something about the scheme
which is now proposed to federate
New Zealand with Tonga and FIJI fsianos.
making a great colonial republic down mere
below the equator under the protection OF
England.
This republic will embrace hundreds o..
islands. It will extend almost two thousand
miles from north to south and 1t may ne
the beginning OF an island empire which
will include the greater part OF the South
seas. The governments Of the various rs
lands are nov in correspondence. The lead
ing politicians of New Zealand are pushing
the scheme and its adoption Is being as
cussed in the New Zealand Parliament.
Premier Seldom is in favor OF It ana she
arrangement may be consummated "i'"'"
the year. -
The United States are especially interested
in the future OF some OF the ISLANDS. INC
Tonyas are not far south of Samoa, ana
the Fills have recently formed q oirect
connection with San Francisco by the new
line of steamships which the Spreckeises
have nut on connecting Suva and LesuAa.
the chief cities Of those islands. by way OK
Hawaii. with San Francisco. There 10 also
a connection between the Samoan is'anos
and the Fills. and the probability Is tnaI
the greater part of the trade Will ran "'o
our hands.
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-04-21

UDec1oA Correspondence OF Inc SUNDAY Republic.
Boston. Mass. April 1s.-Bird study is new
only in its Increasing popularity. A hun
dred years have passed since Audubon began
his study Of North American birds, and half
. century since he died. yet it Is only within
the last few years that the study of birds
has become at all general. The present in
terest has come just in time. perhaps. After
another half century of public Indifference
some of the most interesting birds might
have become nearly. II not quite extinct.
Audubon gave the first great impetus to
bird study in this country. and in his
name the work Of spreading the knowledge
Of birds. so that they may be saved from
total extinction. il being undertaken. There
are now Audubon societies in Connecticut.
Illinois. New Hampshire. New Jersey, New
York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Wiscon-
a1n, West Virginia, and many other States
twenty-one in Ill. with IN aggresate MEM
bership Of some 5000 persons. The Massa-
be established. The object Of all OF them
q to discourage the wearing Of festhers. ex-
oept those OF the ostrich and domesticated
fowls; to establish Q bird day in connection
with arbor day in the schools: to procure
necessary legislation to protect the birds;
to promote 2 knowledge OF birds In the com.
munity: and to guard all Wild birds ana
their eggs from needless destruction.
Tne felauon wmcn cnlloIen n.s...nos
towards nsice anmss ~ OF sIes. s..s.s.s
ana tue necessary tos secutlnS sneE an.eIsss
m STATISTICS Oh sS.ruArk nAseIe' =
cent paper on 1ne osSuuSuon "a Si rnIs ~.
Wi.aem =. lo.e.y, -.
o. ene New .1oIn z"oloslcsa ~ 49,
tnet ourlns tne - n..esa ~. 49,
nave oecresseo: IN rs 49, Nh, ca
toI Is - ~ Ia c.,ssons.e 49, n.tth.r
increase ncr oecIee; nnC oa.s LOU 49,
- -H sn, m sncpeess Il Bra HE. II. Thus. Of
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-04-21
We have no further particulars.

WRITTEN o THE SUNDAY REPUBLIC.
This Is a reproduction in full. and lie
size, of what is perhaps the smallest news
paper extra ever issued.
For more than half a century 1t reposed
between the sacred leaves Of an old Bible.
and would probably have been there yet
had not an idle moment in the lives or
Mr.. and Mrs. Thomas P. Ho-nsby of NO.
600 Garfield avenue have been devoted to
a cursory examination Of a family relic
that was $50 years old.
Mr.. Hornsby was raised near Shelby
Vile. KY. near where his family for three
generations before him had resided. The
Bible was first the property Of his great
great-grandfather. and has remained in
the family for a century and a half. be-
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-04-21

ing given to Mr.. Hornsby by his father.
D. c. Hornsby. now living in this city
with his son.
The elder Mr.. Hornsby placed the "Shel-
by News Extra" in the Bible soon after
1t was issued. on July 10. 1850. Inc there 1t
had rested secure until the other day.
when Mr.. and Mrs. Thomas P. Hornsby
CHANGED to look through the old book. They
came upon the extra" and were at once
struck by the uniqueness Of it, as meas
ured by the standard of modern-day Jour-
nalism.
Mr.. Hornsby considers that the Shelby
News Extra is the oldest example Of what
Mr.. Alfred Harmsworth Of the London
Mail Is pleased to call tabloid journal
ISM
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-04-21

rately colored pictures Of twenty-stx Of tho
birds to be found in the North
eastern States-all Of them exactly life
sire. The charts are accompanied hy a
couple Of pamphlets containing simple
n easily Understood accounts OF the
habits of the birds represented. These
little pamphlets are written by Mr.. Ralph
Hoffman,. we'll known as a field ornithol-
ogist, under whose direction the charts
were drawn by Mr.. AVA Knotel.
The Audubon charts have become popu-
lar not only with school children, for whom
they were chiefly intended. but also With
adults who v taken up bird study as a
popular amusement, and in many cases
formed special clubs and employed compe-
tent Instructors. The size Of the chart Is
p BY ~ inches. and enough tree scenery Is
introduced to make 1t possible to show the
bird in characteristic attitudes and oc-
equations.
AS children may grow up either friends
or enemies of the birds. and the children of
to-day will make the laws and wear the
bonnets in years to come, a special effort Is
made to furnish boys and girls with incen-
tives and facilities for bird study, and thus
make a beginning toward interesting them
in the aims and work Of the Audubon So
ciety. To this end the charts are found to
be the most effective means.
Since the first chart was published the
eagerness Of school children to use II has
been %abundantly proven. but although SUPER
intendents heartily recommend its use, there
T. rarely any regular appropriation from
which It can be bought. The charts are
sold at little more than a nominal price. and
the expense IL not great for both charts.
10 that teachers who are themselves bird
lovers often provide them on their own re-
sponsihility. In some instances q number
of schools In q locality have had charts
given them by outside friends or even the
superintendents themselves, and In every
Instance enthusiastic bird classes have been
the result.
One club Of small children secured by
the scent contribution Of its members a
chart which was passed from one to an
other. each member having possession Of It
for a week. When 1t had been round the
circle the youthful philanthropists gave It
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-04-21

Fills and Ton6as.
s What They Were Hall q Century Ago and What They Are
Nov. On the Eve Of BEING Federated Into q Republic
With the New Z~ealanders.

from the yardarms. Upon their return there
was always q feast. in which every one
Joined.
You can still see the ovens In which the
cooking was done. They were hlled with
red-hot stones. and It Is related by the
missionaries hat victims were often thrust
in alive. At one time nifty bodies were
cooked, and at another eighty women were
~strangled for q similar feast. When there
were not enough enemies to supply the
Kings table he ordered his men to ambush
the watering places and to lay in q stock
OF fishermen or stray women who had gone
down to battle.
King Thakombau killed his first victim
when he was s years old. and he was "a
nous as a cannibal until the time OF MS
conversion by the missionaries. He then
reformed, n later on made the treaty
which gave these islands to England.
These stories give you some idea OF the
Fjiaas Of the past. The Ffjians Of to-day
are perhaps the most civilixed OF the col
ored people south OF the equator. They
have been almost universally converted to
Christianity. They have churches every
where. They have almost Q thousand
places of worship: there are S0.0oe church
members among the 121.0 0 Of the popula-
Sunday schools. They have their own ma
tive preachers. and they pay the salaries.
giving about $15. 900 a year to tho church.
There are q half dozen denominations,
among which the Methodists. the Presbyte-
rians. the Episcopalians and the Catholics
are the leading ones.
The Fjians have good schools. They
were first established by the missionaries
and afterwards taken up by the Govern
public schools. There Is q night school at
the town OF Levuka and another at Suva-
There is an industrial school near the lat
ter place where carpentering. boat building
and iron working are taught. There are
seventy students in the school, who have
been entered for terms OF five years. There
is also a medical school. and altogether the
people are well equipped as to educational
matters. There are four journals set up
and printed In the islands.