davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1901-10-19

WHEN the founders of the re-
w public drafted the constitu-
ton that should be the funda-
mental law of the land they provid-
ed that:
mo person except . natural-born
citizen, or q citizen of the United
States at the time of the adoption
Of this constitution, shall be eligible
to the Office of president; neither
shall any person be eligible to that
office who shall not have attained the
age of IS years, and been IA years
Z resident within the United States"
President Theodore Roosevelt, ct
IS years of age, comes nearer the
minimum number of years allowed
by the constitution than any OF the
other chief executives.
In this connection it is interest
ing to study the ages Of the men
who have represented the people at
the head of the government since
that historic day when George Wash
ington took the oath to faithfully
execute the Office Of president of the
United States, and to the best OF
my ability preserve, protect and de-
fend the constitution of the United
States" outside the senate chamber
of the small federal building in New
York city April 30, 1889.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1901-10-19
TEACHING AGRICULTURE.
The Object to BE Attained by Teach
ing Agriculture In the
Public Schools.

'.I1ow blest the farmers simple life,
How pure the joy 1t yields:
Far from the worlds tempestuous strife,
Free mid the scented fields"
Zone of the chief objects in teach
ing agriculture in the public schools
is to impress the young with the fact
that successful farming does not con-
sist entirely of hard labor, but that
thought and acquired knowledge can
be made to replacemuch of the drudg,
cry of farm life with something more
satisfactory" The above is a clipping
from Farm and Ranch of May 25, 1901.
In the above sketch are many val
liable and interesting volumes of fu-
ture unwritten school books. To go
at once into the subject, what I mean
is this: Instead of having our chill
dren learning to read out of McGuf-
fey's and others series of school read
ers, that are filled with ghost stories
and other imaginary and airy nth
ings, running from first, second, third
to fourth and fifth readers, let them
be divided up on the above plan-frst,
second, third, fourth and fifth-but
filled with meat and bread, hog and
hominy, if you please, with all other
viands and delicacies well pictured
and written up. Commence with COM
mon field corn, give it's nativity or ORR
gin; tell the proper time to plant it;
tell how the ground should be pre-
pared; how many and the different
kinds of plowings and borrowings it
should have; when it should be laid
by or the working stopped; the proper
time to pull or save the fodder or
tops, or to cut the entire stalks and
shock for winter or spring use; the
best way to care for it during fall
and winter. Then give the other va
rietiee and variations of tie corn fam
fly in the same manner. Then take up
cotton, wheat, oats, rye, harley, KAT
fir corn, ETC., ETC., giving history of
each, with the best mode of culture,
time of year to plant; how and when
to harvest; how to care for it when
harvested; proper time to sell; in fact,
all about each variety that the farmer
should know. Then go into the gar
den, giving the history and best mode
of culture of all garden truck, from
cabbage to cauliflower. Then walk
into the vineyard and teach the young
ideas the different and best varieties
10 select from; how to plant the
3oung vines: how to set the post:
how to string the wire on which the
vine climbs and bears it luscious fruit.
age; the time and how to Pruae; how
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1901-10-19

Washington was at that time 81
years of age. Washington had at
the time of his Inauguration been
in public life of some sort, either as
soldier in the Indian wars, serving al
rule under British officers, or a.
civil official in the colony of Viz.
ginia since he was 16. He had com
manded the American troops through
the long war of the revolution, and
his unanimous election to the presi-
dency came as a browning incident
in a life almost wholly devoted to
the public interests.
John Adams, Washington's. sue
cess or after he had served two terms
and declined a third, was one of the
older men elected to the presidency
At the time of his Inauguration in
1897 he had passed his sixty-second
birthday.
Both Thomas Jefferson and James
Madison, who were the next two
presidents, were near the average age
of presidents at the time of Inaugural
ton. When Jefferson took the oath
of office in 1901 he was So years OF
age, and the age of Madison when in
augurated eight years later was the
same.
James Monroe when inaugurated in
1917 was but one year older than JEFF
ferson and Madison at the time they
assumed the reins of government
But in the earlier years OF the ma
tons history So seemed to be ia
vored age for president, and it was
at that age that John Quincy Adams
took his place in the list OF chief ex'
ecutives in 1928.
Before Andrew jackson realized
the height of his ambition and jour
neved from the wilds of Tennessee
to Washington to take the oath OF
Office in 1929 he had passed the six
ty-second milestone in his life,
though he lived 16 years longer, eight
of which he spent in the executive
mansion. President Van Buren, fol
lowed Jackson to the white house
and was the youngest president the
country had had up to that time, be-
ing but IS years of age at the time
of his Inauguration. Ht served one
term. and at the end of his four
years gave place to William Henry
Harrison, the oldest man ever elect
ed t. the presidency of the American
republic, having passed his sixty
eighth birthday before the day OF
his Inauguration in 1871. His in
auguration, however. marked the be-
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1901-10-19

followed Pierce in 1857, was the second
oldest president the people have ever
chosen for first term, being sc years
of age at the time of his Inauguration.
The first Of the three martyr presi-
dents, Abraham Lincoln, took up the
duties of government at the most cru-
cial time in the nations history when
he was 50 years old. He had served
four years, one month and eleven days
when an assassin's bullet called An.
drew Jackson to the head of the gov.
eminent at the age of 81.
The youngest man who has ever filled
the office of president of the United
States up to the time President Roose-
| welt took the oath of the office in Buff
falo was Ulysses S. Grant, who was but
AZ years of age at the time of his in
auguration. During the campaign
that resulted in the election of Grant
much stress was laid upon his youth
fitness by the opposing party. and the
| voters were never permitted to lose
track of the fact that he was younger
than any man ever honored with the
| highest gift in the power of the people.
After eight years Grant gave place
to Rutherford B. Hayes, who took the
prescribed oath at Washington when
he was 81 years old. After four years
he in turn gave place to the second OF
our martyr presidents, James A. Gar
field, who was permitted to serve but
six and one-haf months of the term
for which he was elected when his life
was cut short by the lunatic Guiteau.
Chester A. Arthur succeeded Garfield,
| taking the oath when he was 81 years
of age.
The third president to drop below the
age of so at the time of his Inaugural
ton was Grover Cleveland, who took
the oath of Office as president at the
age of 48 the first time, and Sc the sec
ond time. Benjamin Harrison was So
at the time of his Inauguration in 1889.
and our third martyr president, Will
liam Mckinley, was 81 when he first
took the oath of Office little more
than four years ago. His death has
now given to the American people the
youngest president who has ever ruled
over the destinies of this nation, Theo-
dore Roosevelt, at the age of 40.
OF our 26 presidents five were inau-
gurated after they had passed She six
tieth milestone of their life; Is of them
| when they were between so and ca
| years of age, and five Of them before
they had reached their fiftieth birth.
| day. WRIGHT A. PATTERSON.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1901-10-19
HERE AND THERE.

Whenever a meat animal ceases
to grow it becomes an expense. Re
member that and keep them growing,
and the faster the better for the
pocketbook.
Keep out of debt. It is easy when
you once get out and learn how to
sell what you raise for the best mar
ket price and then buy what you need
at the lowest cash price. Try it.
"A few years ago nearly all those
engaged in the ranching business
in Texas wanted to lease the land.
Now the demand is principally for
ranches held in fee simple and in
solid bodies.
"A farmer can make his family
supply of pork or bacon cheaper than
he can buy it. He can also make as
good as the best product of the fac
tory. But to do the last he must
know how
The cattle raiser who owns or
pays for the grass his cattle eat can
no longer afford to own or raise in
ferior cattle. 1t is only those who
SILL use 11CC grass WHO can auOTQ 10
raise scrubs.
1t is genrally known that the first
requisite for making good yields of
any crop is good seed. Few farmers
will question this fact. And yet the
neglect of seed improvement is fla
grant and widespread.
Brood sows should have plenty of
exercise to keep up the health and
strength of the unborn pigs, as well
as her own. When sow is in good
physical condition her pigs will be so,
too. and the reversal is also true.
There is a prominent advantage
to the poultry raiser in keeping the
sexes separate in the poultry yard.
but our observation leads us to the
conclusion that not one in twenty
who raise chickens ever do it. In sep
arating, however, the male birds
should be removed beyond the sight
| of the females,
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1901-10-19

to gather, pack and market the
esal,es or make them into wine. Then
go to the orchard, teach tho embryo
horticulturist the best varieties to Sc
lect from; how to plant and how to
set his trees of apples, peaches, pears,
pl,lms, apricots, cherries, walnuts,
ETC., etc., and most essentially how to
prune, but let nature have her sway.
Then give the embryo men and women
the mysteries of bee keeping, as they
belong to the farm and can be made
important financial aids and add in
teresting reading, and well and intel
ligently carried out wonderfully help
to fatten up the lean pocketbook on
a small capital. Then teach them tho
kinds of soil suited to alfalfa, tobac-
co, rice, sugar cane, sorghum, etc.;
how to cultivate the above products
and how to manufacture them TOR
their varied uses for sustenance and
comforts. In fact, incorporate IN the
series of readers every known vegeta-
BILE, fruit bearing tree or plant that
enters into the DEMONSTRATING list OF
men or animals, giving cuts OF same
in their various stages. This would
lend zest and entertainment to the
readers, that would attract the atten'
ton of the juveniles and would per-
chance cause them to love their books.
Youth is the time we learn most.
Early Impressions are most lasting.
This is an age Of progress. Give the
school population these school read
ers and by the time they have mas.
tered these books they would be well
prepared to commence ife's daily
work in earning q living. 1t is al
ways easy to do thing when you
know. That's just what the school
readers should teach the boys and
girls to do. The majority of school
books are for the especial purpose OF
training the mind to think and to
think correctly. The above series OF
readers would not only train the
memory and the mind to think, but
out of them the juvenile while learn
ing to read, would learn one OF lies
most important secrets-how to llve
like a lord and be success financial
w, Should there be any reason why
these books would not prove sue
cess, we would like for some one to
point it out. Let us hear from all IN
terested, through Farm and Ranch.
refer these ideas to the people OF
Texas; to the schools OF Texas; to
bookmakers and the great Farmers
congress. I predict that the writer or
writer's who would incorporate the
above ideas and subjects into series
of school readers would lay a solid
foundation for fortune and fame.
When you change your government
from a republic to a kingdom and
vice versa, you must then change your
school books. Just SO on farming.
When you want to change from the
old mode of farming to general dl-
versifcation, you should change your
school bcoks.-Jno. Cunningham, M.
D.. in Texas Farm and Ranch.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1901-10-19
FARMER AND PLANTER.
EXPERIMENTING WITH COWS.
L Matter in Which Every Practical
Dairy Farmer Will Feel
an Interest.

Every practical dairyman in this
country will follow with great inter-
est the figures sent out as the result
of the trial of breeds now in progress
1T the great exposition at Buffalo. The
man who loves the Jersey will watch
his favorites as they rise or fall in
the list. So with the Guernsey and all
the rest. And we have gained many
points from the contest which will DE
of value to use in the future. But
after it is all over the fact remains
that we can not be absolutely con-
trolled by the results gained at But
falo. 1t will be incumbent upon each
one of us to satisfy himself which
kind of cows will be most likely to
succeed in our particular locality and
act accordingly. Should it be APP
parent that the Guernsey stood at the
head at Buffalo, it would not neces-
sarily follow that we all should
hasten to exchange our herds for
Guernseys. In case the figures made
at the exposition should place the Jer-
seys above all the rest, you and l
would not be warranted in selling of
our stock and investing in that kind
of cattle. Every one of us must be
to a great extent law unto himself.
Why? There are several reasons why
this is true. Suppose you have made
the Jersey your study for years. You
have learned how the Jersey should
be fed, in the winter and in the sum-
mer. You know how she should be
housed in cold weather. All her pc
culiar characteristics are well under
stood by you. You know under what
circumstances she will do her best.
You have an affection for the Jersey
that you have not for any other kind
of COW. It would be taking no small
risk in you now to stop short off and
put your money into some other
breed. By so doing you might invite
defeat.
Again, the breed which might best
be adapted to life in Iowa might not
thrive at all among the hills of Vec-
mont. The cow which can endure the
cold of New York could hardly be ex-
pected to do as well in the southland.
Climate, conditions of feed, tempera-
ment, all these and more, must be
taken into consideration before decid-
ing to make radical change.
| If one contemplates change of bis
herds, it is best to go about it grad
uallys Put few cows that you think
you would like into the herd. Study
them. Compare them with your old
herd. Note in what respect they are
superior to the COWS you have been
handling. Decide accordingly. But
do not offhand drop everything else
and take up new and untried line OF
cattle.
The long and short of it is that ev-
ery farm must be an experiment sta
ton by itself. It's owner must be a
man of thought, ready to learn. and
yet careful about jumping at conclu'
sions. He must weigh evidence. 1t
must be life study with him. The
man who is willing to do this is the
man who will win every time..-E. L.
Vincent, in Farmers Home Journal.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1901-10-19

Indications point to the lowest q
the Junior clerks of Greenland & Ca
as one of the coming successful me-
chants of the great city Success.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1901-10-19

has cut In aneaQ OF me Twice now
and if you can't supply the vessel
~ While Mr.. Lawson was delivering
this TRADE Jimmy Evans had come in
looking very WIN, about the face
but with excitement glistening in his
eyes. Hastily scribbling few words
upon a scrap of paper he stepped
forward and presented it to his EN-
ployer. He returned to his desk i'm
mediately after doing SO. e.
Mr.. Greenland glanced carelessly al
the little memorandum, started, reaC
it again, and then stared over at the
now busily-engaged junior, in open
mouthed amazement.
I'LL simply have to do as 1 said,
continued the would-be charterer
land make a new connection"
II would remind you that I also
am a man of my word" replied the
head of the firm, throwing back hi:
head, land l never promise unless
can fulfill the obligation. I mus
confess that I really did not thinl
that 1 could fill your last order, but
by lucky chance, here is just wha1
YOU wanted-the Cecilia, 2,1O0 tons
is in my hands for charter at lumi
sum within your limit. This vesse
is lust entering the harbor, light, ane
will be ready to load at once.'
The Savannah morning news., 1901-11-11
OUR NAvY'S GROWTH
CLEARLY SHOWN IN REAR ADMI-
RIAL BRADFoRD,s REPORT.
COAL CONSUMED IN A YEAR.
NEARLY THRICE THAT CONSUMED
TEN YEARS AGO.

American Coal Scattered All over
the world Wherever Suitable
Storage Could Be Found-Report
Does Not Recommend Acquire
ment of Wireless Telegraphy APP
paratus other Than That Necessa-
ry for the Purposes of Instruction.
interference" Yet 10 BE over
come.
Washington. Nov. 10.-A striking IL
lustration of the growth of the Amer
lean navy is presented in the single
statment in the annual report of Rear
Admiral r. B. Bradford, chief of the
equipment bureau of the navy, that
he spent $2,273,111 last fiscaly for S24,
los tons of coal at an average cost of
7.01 per ton The report says this was
nearly 95.713 tons more coal than was
used during the preceding fiscal year.
Ten years ago the coal consumption
was $4,000 tons per mum. The domes-
tic coal costs $500 per ton, and the
foreign coal, of which there were used
1O5066 tons, cost $3.50 per ton. Admi-
raj Bradford has scattered American
coal all over the world wherever suit
able storage could be found, and a
number of coaling stations have been
established.
Estimates are submitted for i'm
provement of the coaling stations at
most of the Atlantic ports. including n
complete modern plant at Norfolk. Ad-
miral Bradford specifically says:
'As the department is aware efforts
are being made to establish other ma
val coal depots at important localities,
which ii is deemed unwise to discuss
in a report of a public character"
The report says that the subject of
wireless telegraphy was followed care
fully during the year. but 1t does not
appear advisable to adopt any partic
ular system at present. or to acquire
any more apparatus than necessary for
purposes of instruction. 1t is clear that
no system has as yet passed beyond
the experimental stage. Though most
of the principal naval Powers have
adopted some form of wireless telegra-
ply for their ships it is believed from
the reports received that none are sat
isfactory. 1t was clearly shown dur
ing the International yacht races that
the difficulties of interference could
not be overcome with the apparatus
then used. ..s.r q. srt,1 y Se,o.s
The Savannah morning news., 1901-11-11
CASTRO QUESTIONED.
Reported to Have Proven Traitor to
the Liberal Cause.

Willemstad, Island of Curacao, Nov.
10.-Advices received here from Capa-
cho Viejo, dated Nov 5, say that the
report from President Castro to his
brother Celestino Castro, at San Girls
tobal, to the effect that the United
States government insists upon medi-
ating between Venezuela and Colom-
among the troops on the frontier. Gen.
Uribe-Uribe and Gen. Modesto Castro
Immediately set out for San Cristobal
to obtain details.
1t seems that Gen. Tribe Uribe re-
fused to believe the report, declaring
that he had no fears as to the future
of the Liberal cause because President
Castro had given him a cast-iron pledge
not to forsake him.
Should President Castro prove un-
true to the Liberal cause" exclaimed
Gen. Tribe Uribe. ''the result would be
his ruin. The war will enter Colombia
before Christmas"
There is considerable feeling against
the Castro family among the Colom-
bian Liberals and along the frontier
in consequence of widespread rumor
that Calestino Castro, who is COM
Hhdhuer -ln-cnleI at san Cf1StoDal, has
been privately selling cattle to the en-
emy, the cattle being whisked across
the frontier by alleged raids of Colom-
bian conservatives. During one of these
raids dozen soldiers were killed on
both sides. 1t is said that the cattle
changed hands at a prearranged price
of $50 per head. The blood thus spilled
is charged to Celestino Castro by the
indignant people of Tachira.
The Savannah morning news., 1901-11-11
STILL HELD HOSTAGE
MISS STONE YET PRISONER WITH
BULGARIAN BRIGANDs.
HER TREATMENT IS SEVERE,
BANDITS HOPE To FORCE ACCEPT
ANCE OF THEIR TERMS.

Consul General Dickinson Inhexible
Ransom Until the Surrender of
the Prisoner Is Assured-Brigands
Said to BE Resolved to Kill Miss
Stone in Any Event, She Has
Acquired Important Secrets Con-
cerning Them.
Sofia, Bulgaria, Nov. 10.-Informat tion
has been received here from Doubnit-
"a that the band of brigands holding
captive Miss Ellen M. Stone. the Amer
lean missionary, called about a fort
night ago at the village of Smetchevo
and subsequently proceeded to the mon
astery of Rilo, but the movements Of
the troops compelled the brigands to
flee toward the frontier, where they are
now in hiding.
1t is also asserted that the brigands
recently have been treating Miss Stone
with more severity in order to exercise
pressure and to compel a more ready
acceptance of their conditions.
Consul General Dickinson is inflexi-
BILE. He insists that the surrender of
Miss Stone must precede or be slmul-
taneous with the payment of the ran
som. His attitude is justified by the
known determination of some members
of the band, particularly the captain,
to kill Miss Stone and her companion
as soon as the ransom is received, ow-
ing to the fact that the captives have
now acquired information concerning
the secret committees.
Competent persons. however, express
the opinion that the cupidity of the bri-
gands will overcome their fear of rev.
elation, and all such approve the de-
claration of Mr.. Dickinson.
Yesterday Mr.. Dickinson made ener-
getic representations to the Bulgarian
government against the movements OF
the Bulgarian troops, reproaching the
officials with the fact that notwith-
standing their solemn promises to give
him all the assistance in their power
their action was embarrassing the
negotiations, retardng a settlement
and placing in jeopardy the life oi
Miss Stone.
He made definite declaration tha
the Bulgarian government would ht
held responsible for the death of Mis-:
Stone and of all the consequences of hei
death, should it be proved that th'
attitude of the Bulgarian government
forced the brigands to kill their cap
tiVPs