The evening times. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1895-1902, 1901-05-08
SCHOOL GARDENS IN SWEDEN.
strides Made in the Work of Teach
ing Children Practical Things


reports from the consulates at Stock
| holm and Gutenberg, explaining the sys-
| TEN employed in the school gardens in
! Sweden. Interesting information is found
/ IN these reports. The largest nursery in
Sweden is the so-caIIed experiment
ground near Stockholm. belonging to the
Royal Academy Of Agriculture There
are many others, however, in the south
ern and central provinces; also in the
northern part of the Kingdom, as far
| north, indeed. as LuIea, The methods
I employed in prOpagating trees and shrub
berry are the same as in other countries
The process of development which gar
dening in Sweden has undergone Of late
years is to be attributed in a large meas
uTe to the enCourag iHg example of q num-
Der Of large estate owners, and to the
interest taken in the subject by the Gov
eminent. agricultural societies, and pri-
yate associations
Besides the two important botanical
gardens at UpsaIa and Lund. which are
more especially intended for academic
tuition, there are the experiment grounds
of the Royal Academy Of Agriculture,
where many park and fruit trees and or
nameutaI shrubs are raised
The school for gardeners at the expert
ment grounds of the Royal Academy of
Agriculture and the school of the Swe-
dish Horticultural Society are the chief
educational institutions relating to agTi-
culture in the Kingdom. instruction IN
gardening is also impaired at the Ber-
gus Gardens. near Stockholm, at the ag
riCuituraI schools of Ultima and Alnarp.
and at the schools of agriculture distTib-
uted over the whole KingdOm-aH these
institutions being under the control of
the Royal Academy of Agriculture
The frmest basis for this branch of
culture" says AxeI Georgii, the
Vice Consul General at Stockholm, Ties,
however, in its being made a subject of
national education Gardening is taught
at the seminaries for national school
teachers and at the national schools in
the Kingdom. School gardens have been
established The different parishes must
grant the necessary ground for these
gardens. which contain the usual culinary
| herbs. a few medical plants. an arbOre-
trJm. etc The children are taught the
best methods of gardening, and each year
they receive trees and shrubs to plant at
their own homes.
The agricultural societies employ so
called master gardeners Of the province
who aid the public with advice and infor-
nation. Horticultural societies. to the
Z
I the Kingdom, and are active in promoting
| exhibits, printing and distributing publ
cations. imparting instruction, and sup
/ plying plants and seeds
The American Consul at G0thenberg.
writing on the subject, says:
After the Swedish Horticultural So
ciety had for about four years carried
on exclusively practical or mechanical ex-
periInents in Stockholm, the society in
1872 established d gardening school. In 1876,
the State granted the school a yearly al
lowance of $536. which allowance in 1883
was increased to SI.O72. and in 1850 to 81
2j5. but was subsequently reduced to 81
OF per year IN 1862, the school was NOV
ed to RcsendaI, where it still is located
The instruction, both theoretical and
practical, is under the supervision of the
trustees Of the Swedish horticultural So
ciety, which has u garden near the Rosen-
cal Castle, from which different plants
are sold. The students live at the school
and receive free lodgings. light, fuel. and
medical aItendance-aIso the most .neces-
sary bOoks-and receive the first year s. p
and the second year z5.35 per month. The
instruction in this school embraces:
'ta) Elementary courses: Writing, ar
ithmeuc. geometry, surveying and 1eveI-
OBJ Special or practical courses. Sci
ence Of cultivation in general; instruction
as to the influence Of soil water heat
hight and air on plant life: special plant
culture care Of hOtbeds. care and rrJIrl-
ing OF Iruit trees and berries, and DomOi-
ogy, Horticulture and raising Of plants for
PARKS care or plants in greenhouses.
planning Of gardens. and drawing per
tanning to gardening: construction of
greenhouses, etc; besides this. the stu
cenlS nave to write essays the sub
jects stated.
'..lc) Mechanics Simple woodwork,
painting, and brickiaying
There are about twenty-five students
in this school, and three permanent and
two extra teachers In order TO be ad-
mitted, the applicants need not possess
any other education than that received
in the common public school
The Bergius Gardening School was es-
taDlished about no by Prof P. J Ber-
gus, ana was donated TO the Royal ACad-
eEDy Of Sciences, to which it still belongs.
There are five teachers, and the instrJIc-
ton IS about the same as at ROsendaI
The number of students is ten: no public
examinations are held.
The Ado and SabyhoIr1 Gardening
school has been recently established II
Is "A private institution. and ! have not
received any data concerning it
The gardening school at the agricui-
tural experiment station AlbanO- belong
ing to the Royal Agricultural Academy,
was esta bIished in 1917 although theo-
TetiCai tuition was not started until 1872
In the year 1900. ths functions OF the
school were extended for the purpose of
furnishing the students a more complete
course OF instruction. This is now sup
piled by eight teachers. and includes the
following subjects Plant nursing fruit
raising and pomOlcgy: Horticulture and
raising Of Vegeta bleS. planting Of gardens |
construction Of greenhouses. surveying
and lsyeiTug. botany. entomology aETi-
cultural chemistry, instruction about soils
and fertilizers. arithmetic and geometry
the Swedish and German languages. and !
drawing It is a tWc-years' course. last
ing each year from the 1St of April 10 (
the 31st Of October. during which time /
the students receive free instruction. |
lodgings lighting. fuel medical attend |
auCe, and medicine and the first year 30 /
cents for each working day and the sec
Oud year II cents per day There are |
thirty students. half of whom leave the |
school yearly after having gone through /
the two-yeaTs' course
At the AinaTp Agricultural Institute.
in the Province of Skane. there has been !
established since 1876 a school for young
men who intend TO become gardeners Tho /
students receive free lodgings and fuel and
The first year -6S and the second wear
% per month. They must themselves !
provide food, lights. and books Only
publiC-schOol education is required for ad-
mittanCe- The school receives yearly
skap' (the Agricultural Society of Nal
TuaEuS County,. a sum Of about 1886
Six students leave every year. the
course lasts two years, and there are |
usually twelve students. but sometimes
fourteen to sixteen Public examinations
are held at the school. which is under the |
supervision Of the trustees of the Agricul-
turaI institute The theoretical instruction !
given BY seven teachers. takes place dur
ing the winter months. with one morning
hour and one or TWO evening hours This /
part of the course embraces