davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
La democracia. (Ponce, P.R.) 1890-1948, 1901-11-16

tos que ha obtendo aque Estado en- los pro-
dnctos telas de a'god6n.
Cnando NAPOLEON vendf6 ell territorio de
Ia Louisiana Tomas Jefferson por Is Milo
Des de pesos, no pudo sonar siquiera ell tesoro
que cedfa. Hoy cualquier edlfcio de Nueva
Orleans vale aquella cantidad.
Puede decirse que no hay case en- la
historic de las colonizaciones, que Sc iguale
al desarrol'o que ha tenfdo Louisiana.
En- 1903. e Canada estaba q la cabeza de
ese hoy EstadO americana. E3 la actnalfdad
tiene este tres veces mas poblaci6n.
Australia, que ha sido uno de los grandes
triunios De co'onizacfones que surgio & la
vida con Louisiana, tiene al presente mfllo-
nes de habitantes menos.
Louisiana cnenta con una ciudad, Nueva
Orleans, que tiene medio million de habitantes
otra, un cuarJo de million, cuatro, de mas
de Glen mil.
Els ell quinto Estado de la Union en- pobla-
c0n, y tiene mas milas de ferrocarri que
ning1n otro pals del mundo, fuera de los Esta-
dos Unidos.
Sus tierras no Sc conocen mas product
vas; en- la navegaci6n por rios canales, no
hay quien le compita contiene minas de orc,
plata, cobre. hierro carbon posee grandes
y ricas manufactures su sfstema de escueas
Sc considera unO de los mejores
La Exposition que SO anuncia para 1903
en- este Estado de Louisiana~ obscurecer& &
cuantos esfuerzOs de ese genero Sc han hecho,
para presentar progresses propios en- pats
Y va que la Exposition de Charleston no
podamos acndir dignamente, debemos ir pre-
par8ndOnos para Otra de Louisiana en- la
que Puerto Rico puede alcanzar un triunfo
merecido.
Esas exposciones han de ser Ia lave que
han de abr rnos los mercados del Norte. Apro-
vech6moslS's no pretendamos quererlos abrir
con ilave falsa.
va hemos dicho repetfdo que del esfuer-
20 propio depende nuestro porvenir.
La democracia. (Ponce, P.R.) 1890-1948, 1901-11-16
Ia EXPOSITION
De LOUISIANA
10 QUE INTERESA A PUERTO-RICO

Dor eI Gtimo correo hemos recibido ell
oaramay la iDvitacion que Sc sirve dirigir-
Pa Comisi6n organizadora de Ia Exposition
n'Iqnisiapaque Sc inaugurara en- 1908. Tam
Tsn tenemos la vista ell de la Exposition de
ppotina del Sur, que durarA desde ell , del
oo'Hvlmo Diciembre hasta el / ? de Julio de
1902 OK
uos nenen por objeto revelar al mundo los ma
.syIllosos adelantos que han obtenido los Es-
,ados del Sur, duraDte los d'timos amos del
slgo Mn
:. dosde Iuego que esas Elk posiciones debe-
Ian interesarnos mas que la de Baff-o. A
li1"s deheria acudir Puerto Rico con sus pro-
snntos Va Que estamos en- la imperiosa necesi-
VA da abrrles mercados en- los Estados Uni
%nS Nuestros cafe, az6car y tabaco, exhibit
w. alH. no ridfculamente como en- Buffalo,
Ioo con Ia dignidsd ell inteies que merecen,
sdnpIrIrian en- esas Exposiciones ell prestgio
~ nor su caltdad deben tener. ALI pO-
Ian no 500 darse conocer nuestros frutos,
s,oo asplrar la competencla
All podrian tambien aprender nuestros
,aricuItores mucho de 10 que ignoran en- ade-
Isntos sgi1colas.
l., nnablos laboriosos Sc abran mercados acre.
lT S1,ando sus productos. Pero 81 TODD 10 reduci-
aos nombrar doctores Br.osos que vayan
aMS IN; nasear, sin nportArseles IN comno ell
Srtfcnjo oue nuestro pals hsga en- esos torneos,
m5s nos valera quedarnos en- casa ocuItando
nmsstro atraso y nuestra pobreza.
Admira ell progreso que esos Estados del
anr han adqurido en- los h.timos veinticinco
'nO' Gauado teiidos, aIgodon, caf1amo, te, ta-
h..o todo sera expuesto allf para demostrar
IN oue la Carolina del Sur viene realizando en-
a via del progreso.
INA de las atracciones principales de la
e,nosici6n sera un edidcio textil, cuyo OBJ
isto es dar una idea de los inmensos adean-
La democracia. (Ponce, P.R.) 1890-1948, 1901-11-16
EI manifesto de Mass6

Por el interes que naturalmente tienen
oue despertsr en- nosotros los asuntos de Cuba.
sobre todo la pr6xima lucha presidential de la
cusl ouizas dependa Ell porvenir de Ia futura
re1dbiica cubana, empezamos publican hoy
y manifesto que ha dsdo al pueblo de Cuba ell
general Mass6.
Els un documento importan tfsimo; pues
uientras los partidarios de Estrada Palma,
eoue torman "a parte intransigente, ia que
soIo que1e 4 Cuba, no para todos los cat-
tQnos sino para los h0nlbres de la reUoLlcion /;
sI general Msss6 busca ell apoyo de los anti
guCs autnDomi,tas, de los Montoro, los Giber-
"a, los Fernandez de Castro, los GOWN, los
houbres de cs pacdad administrative y guber-
Bsmental los cuales desea sumar con los
.evolucionarios es decir, ell concurso de to-
dos los cubsnos.
Las considerations verdadersmente pa
troticas en que abunda Ell manifesto, hablaD
nuy alto en- favor de los sentimientos del vie-
10 revoucIon&rio general Mass6.
La luchs, pues, entire la candidaturs de
Este Is de Estrada Palma serA interesantfsi-
ma nos proponemos seguirla paso paso pa
10 tener 81 corriense de ella los lectores de
La DEMoCRAcIA.
La democracia. (Ponce, P.R.) 1890-1948, 1901-11-16
OepaTtamentO de instruction
de PuertO-RicO
Ofcinds del Conaisi0nau0
AVISO

. EncohtrAndose a6u muchas escuelas va
s ssnles en- Ia isla por falta de Maestros que las
,HNciten halandose sin colocacion 81 mfsmo
Hsmpo un buen n6mero de estos que ignoran,
M III % vsto, Ia existencia de aquellas, este De
ssa'tAmento desea que todOs los Maestros que
w ~ nalan sido contra tados nos envfen su direc-
no sUn postal, con objeto de ponerlos en- relacion
~. Nv Iss J1ntas Escolares, especialmente aqne'
~ ~ sue obtuvieron sus certifcados en- Ia Es-
Ia ia de Verano, los nombres de los cuales
epuntamos continuation
4. Graduados.-Eduardo Colon Nicolas Mi
p ppa. Rurales.-Emilia Azan Torres. Ve1ancio
= nVruonada rs Ramos, Carmen Betances, Santa
n trvoOfdovas Rios, Francisco Colon. Carmen
Gsshlss, jose Guillermo Gard6, jose Chandry,
FosusIupe CsldeI6n, Luisa Frontera, Bsltazar
:, fVfeI y no Noguera, Angel w. Fernandez, jose
oarriga, Conception Gandfa, Rafael Q.
ei,ba ia',e1 1s cuyar, Agustfn Enriquez Gil, Fran
B,,to, Ba,o ,5ia,enez, Joaqana Martinez Ros, Maria
h. 'toia 1s Msrrero, Andres Mendez Lieiago, Pa
e,., eU MORT Mcra. Ana Maria Ortiz, label
phe. francisco G.. de Quevedo, Jose fna San
IT, 0oIge Toro, Esteban Terrats, Bantista
's'' Juan Torres Reyes y Victor del Vale.
gnr.sssn Gan Juan P. r., Novismbre Is de 1901
F'"'9"s y Hernandez, Secretario.
La democracia. (Ponce, P.R.) 1890-1948, 1901-11-16
alta de un dique

Ha entrado Ell puerto de San Juan ell
vapor <Long felow2, remolcado por ell ca1one-
70 <UncasS.
Las averfas de aquel lie ponen inservible
para ell servicfo, tenendO que ser conducfdo
Saint Thomas para sufrir importantes re.
paraciones.
Personas de San Juan lamentan one Sc
haya suprimido la Junta de Obras del puerto
pnes esta tenfa proyecto la construction
de un dique, tan necesario para casos como
ell del costero que hacemos referencia.
La democracia. (Ponce, P.R.) 1890-1948, 1901-11-16
Causa juzgada

La causa seguida en- la Corte de Distrito
de la Capital contra Juan Bautista Portalatin
y sells mas, acusados de amenazas coaccf6n &
trabaj jadores contra tados para la descarga de
los buques de la <New York and Porto Rico
Steamhip Company, fue terminada aver en-
el Tribunal de Dstrito de San Juan, ell cua
sentenci6 Portalatin meses de cascel y
SS1 90 de multa.
Los otros sells lndividuos, Abelardo Elias,
Joaquin de JESUS Rodriguez, Simplicio Ber-
for Jose Carrasquiilo, Manuel Brisman Abe
lardo Rodriguez, fueron absueItos.
La democracia. (Ponce, P.R.) 1890-1948, 1901-11-16
Plausible determination

Mr.. Hunt Ia ordenado que los foDdos de
IOce mil dollars, que estaban en- dep6sito. sean
dsstiDsdos para la construction de un pnente
ubre ell rio xMaravillaS del Corozal.
Esta petici6n fLS hecha por Mr.. Elliot,
qGen lndic6 al gobernador Ia necesidad de di-
enc puente.
La suma que Sc empleara en- su construc-
c6n pfocede de la devolucl6n hecha al TesOro
De Puerto Rico, por derechos cobrados inde-
Hdamente
La democracia. (Ponce, P.R.) 1890-1948, 1901-11-16
UN 6 r e OR

!. Aver en- nuestro servicio telegrSfco de
eSn Jnan Sc decfa, al OAR cuenta de Ia lIegada
ue nr Buchanan, que ell Jefe de las Aduanas,
clsnoo dicho sefior es comandante del puesto
mllltar de Puerto Rico.
Dicho sefor lego acompaf1ado de So estf
uaole familia.
La democracia. (Ponce, P.R.) 1890-1948, 1901-11-16
FEDERALES DE YAUCO

Tenemos notcias que ell partdo federal de
aquel pueblo reorgabizara en- breve, dispo-
niendose para entrar en- campa1a.
El entusiasmo grande los obreros
faderales, que todas las noches reunen en- ell
<cub1 leer LA DEMoCRACIA, Ell NEWS, THE
PUERTO Rico HERALD y demas peri6dicos de
10 colectividad.
La democracia. (Ponce, P.R.) 1890-1948, 1901-11-16
Reduction de fanza

El sefior Juez municipal de San Francisco
ha reducido & 500 dollars en- Elective 2, 900
personal, la fanza que estableci6 para Ia IL
bertad don Santiago Iglesas, leader de los
OBJ reros sociaistas.
Sc ha notifcado al preso esa providencia.
La democracia. (Ponce, P.R.) 1890-1948, 1901-11-16

LA DEMoCRACIA vende en- la farmacia
de Lamoutte dos centavos ell ndmero.
La democracia. (Ponce, P.R.) 1890-1948, 1901-11-16

De maaana pasado sera pnesto en- liber-
tad don Santiago 1gIesias. La fanza ha sido
reba jada q 500 xdoI,ars1 Sc trabaja para sa-
carrie bajo fanza personal.
Su comps faro don Eduardo Conde esta
citado por la 4Gacetas para comparecer ante
ell tribunal en- asuntos de la misma causa.
La democracia. (Ponce, P.R.) 1890-1948, 1901-11-16

El sHerado Espafoi3 esta saiendo desde
hace algunos dias las dos de Ia tarde.
La democracia. (Ponce, P.R.) 1890-1948, 1901-11-16

E. domingo habra Ia jarana de costun br'
en- ell Casino espanol
Este mismo centro prepare un gran baits
para ell dia de la Conception. Este serA ex
endido, pues echarAn ell resto los esps hoe
por ser ell santo de Ia patrona de su naci6n.
La democracia. (Ponce, P.R.) 1890-1948, 1901-11-16

Los comisarios de barrio estan ocup&ndose
de hacer ell censo electoral de esta capital
para 10 cual Sc m eten en- todas las casas in.
dagar los que tienen voto.
Podfsn ocuparse de Ia hygiene de sus ba
rrios no de hacer un trabsjo particular Guam.
do cobran sueldo del municipio.
The Conservative, 1901-05-23
WILLIAM ]. BRYAN'S EXPERIENCE
WITH A "NEW YORKITE.n

DR.. John H. Girdner, of this city,
known popularity as the friend of
William j. Bryan and of Richard
Croker, has written a book entitled,
"New Yorl1itis," which he considers an
appropriate name for number of
mental and physical affections, chiefly
nervous, from which, he says, the people
of this city suffer In this book he tells
the following story, evidently of the re-
cent presidential candidate:
On a certain Sunday morning I in
vited Mr.. B., who was my guest, and
who halls from another CITY, to attend
DR.. Is church with me. Mr.. B. is
not Newyorkitic, nor is he popular
with Newyorkitics. His daily work
and conversation, however, show him to
be an humble follower of the Master.
He is an official in his own church at
home. After the service was over, and
while the dOxOlOgy was being sung,
note was passed to me. 1 received it
from the gentleman who occupied the
pew Immediately behind me. The note
was signed by an official of the church,
man of education and wealth-pre-
sumably a Christian and gentleman.
The note said in substance: ''There are
photographers outside on the street.
Get Mr.. B. away from the church be-
fore they snapshot him, for we don't
want the church in the same picture
with him" In other words: "Remove
the corpse; we don't want the church
polluted. New York Evening Post.
The Conservative, 1901-05-23

will. Land will be cheap; business un-
taxed, and all available locations for
business or agriculture will be fully
employed. The use of the idle land
means the employment of idle labor and
idle capital. Business men, who pay
for equally good sites, lower rents and
no taxes, will be able to cut to pieces
their competitors in towns and counties
which do not have the Single Tax. The
Single Tax is, therefore, the greatest
labor-saving device ever invented by
man, and the first municipality which
adopts it will compel the world to adopt
it by the mere pressure of economic
necessity.
Let me offer the suggestion that The
CONSERVATIVE continue to open it's
columns to the discussion of the Single
Tax, as it has done in inviting this
article, and thus truly represent the
name it has adopted.
JoHAN WAGE.
[NoTE:-Mr. Wage has very kindly
consented to answer, through the
columns of The CONSERVATIVE, any
question which may arise upon the
subject discussed. Contributions in
answer to the argument, herewith, must
be confined to as limited space as
possible. EDITOR.
The Conservative, 1901-05-23
Tbe Conservative.

of Bryan's mind is shown in his con-
stant prediction of panic and hard
times. With him, the thought is faith
cred by the wish. He would better
take off his blue goggles, and heed Pres
ident McKinley's wise and worthy say
ing that 'the country needs patriots, not
pessimists.'
"Mr. Bryan takes great hope from any
fall in prices, and declares that 'the
plentiful dollar is the cheap dollar
"The cheap dollar is one that is not
worth it's face, not worth one hundred
cents. The business standard Of value
throughout the world is gold. In that
standard commercial exchanges are ex-
changes of value for value. If those ex-
changes are in silver dollars, worth only
fifty cents each, two of them are needed
to buy dollars worth. That is what
Bryan calls q rise in prices, when it is
merely fall in the value of the dollar.
Prices and values remain where they
WERE
jackson knew the great law of me-
dunn of exchange, when he said: Gold
is the universal and only honest stand
ard of value, and all forms of currency
should be measured by it,
"Bryan seems incapable of compre-
hending this, and so he walks round
and round in the same circle, like a
mule grinding mud-mill." :"
The Conservative, 1901-05-23
INGALLS, VIEWS ON DEATH.

In the democracy of the dead all men
at last are equal. There is neither rank
nor station nor prerogative in the re-
public of the grave. At this fatal
threshold the philosopher ceases to be
wise, and the song of the poet is silent.
Dives relinquishes his millions, and Laz-
arus his rags. The poor man is as rich
as the richest, and the rich man as poor
as the pauper. The creditor loses his
usury, and the debtor is acquitted of his
obligation. There the proud man sur
renders his dignities, the politician his
honors, the worldling his pleasures; the
invalid needs no physician, and the
laborer rests from unrequited toll. Here,
at last, is natures final decree in equity.
The wrongs of time are redressed, in
justice is expiated, the irony of fate is
refuted, the unequal distribution of
wealth, honor, capacity, pleasure and
opportunity, which makes life so cruel
and inexplicable a tragedy, ceases in the
realms Of death. The strongest there
has no supremacy, and the weakest
needs no defense. The mightiest cap
tain succumbs to the invincible adver-
sary, who disarms alike the victor and
the vanquished
The Conservative, 1901-05-23
The San Fran
cisco Daily Call of
May 18th, contains
the subjoined edi-
BRYANARCHY
VIEWS.

torial, which explains the "quantitative
theory of money!" as expounded by
"the peerless" in two campaigns. 1t is
a relishable exposition of money falla-
cies. 1t is SO brief that all can read it !:
Colonel Bryan is kept busy striking
at members of his party who show
signs of quitting, or who declare for a
reorganization. Senator McLaurin of
South Carolina recently stood forth as a
come outer, and caused disgust to
veneer the columns of the Commoner.
"Now Senator Vest raises the voice of
fatigue, declaring that a convention
should be called to reorganize the party.
This cuts deeper than desertion to the
republicans, because it is an admission
that Bryan has so disorganized the party
that it is bankrupt, and can only con-
tinue business by reorganization.
'This rouses the ireful colonel, and he
emits views as swiftly as corn shelter
does cobs.
SIN his latest, Oh Vest, he returns to
his celebrated cheap money, quantita
tive theory of currency, and prices. 1t
does not seem to occur to him that there
was ten-cent cotton and dollar wheat
when the money of the country, per
capita, was only one-third it's present
volume. His theory is, that if man.
have a thousand dollars he will pay vol
UNFAIRLY ten times as much for an arti-
Gle as he would if he had only hun
dred dollars. The country is concerned
more with the circulation of money,
than with it's quantity. But very
small percentage of business is done by
the actual handling of money. It's cir
culation is largely vicarious, in the form
of checks, drafts, exchange, and letters
of credit. These mobilize the money of
the country, when there is a condition
of business confidence. The infirmity
The Conservative, 1901-05-23

in book form; likewise his letters from
England, Germany and France, and also
those resulting from his travels in Mex
leo and in South America A letter
from Mr.. Curtis is published in every
issue of the Chicago Record Herald
daily and Sunday
The Conservative, 1901-05-23
A FAMOUS NEWSPAPER CORES.
PONDENT.

There are few, if any, newspaper men
in the United States with more bril-
liant record than that achieved by Mr..
William E. Curtis, the famous Wash
ington correspondent of the Chicago
Record-Herald. Among newspaper men,
as we'll as among the careful readers of
newspapers, it is generally conceded
that Mr.. Curtis is the dean of the large
colony of trained journalists at the ma
tional capital. His relations with the
eminent men in Washington are so init
mate and so personal, that he has an
immense advantage over the ordinary
correspondent They give to him their
confidence, knowing that he will prop
erly discriminate what should be said
and what should not.
The newspaper career of Mr.. Curtis
began in Chicago in 1879. Starting as
reporter, he worked his way upward
rapidly to the position of managing edi-
tor, which he resigned to become the
secretary of the South American COM
mission "a government appointment.
While in this position, Mr.. Curtis trav
eled extensively in Central and South
America, producing several popular vol
umes as the literary result of his labors.
Later on, in cooperation with Secretary
of State James G.. Blaine, Mr.. Curtis
organized the work of the Bureau of
American Republics, and was placed in
charge of that organization; and at the
Worlds Columbian Exposition, he dis
tinguished himself by his labors as the
executive head of the Latin American
departments. AS correspondent of the
Chicago Record, Mr.. Curtis travels
carried him, not only into all quarters of
the United States, but almost every
where abroad. His letters to the Record
from Japan and China were published
Morris tribune. [volume] (Morris, Minn.) 1880-2000, 1901-12-21
70 CALI F0 R N | A
VIA
The Northwestern
In through tourist cars every Tues

In through tourist cars every Tues
day and Saturday morning.
On Tuesday, leave Minneapolis at
$50 8. M, st. Paul 1000 a. m. via
Northwestern line to Omaha, thence
via Union Prciic and Ogden and ar
rice SanFrancisco 1925 p. m: thus
avoiding Sunday travel.
On Saturday, lsave Minneapolis
$50 a. M, st. Paul 1000 a. m. via
The Northwestern Line to Kansas
City, thence via Santa Fe Route,
through interesting New Mexico and
Arizona, end arrive Los Angeles $40
a. m.
These are the most popular routes
to California, and enable one to
travel at small expense in comfort
able and. pleasant surroundings
through the most picturesque and
grandest parts of Am RIGA.
Those contemplating visiting Cali
fornia this winter will be furnished,
free of charge, maps, rates and all
information by applying to j. a:
O'Brien, city passenger agent, 4l5
Nicollet Ave., Minneapolis; p. "A
Whitaker, city passenger agent, 382
Robert street ST. Paul, or address L.
w, Teasdale, General Passenger
Agent, st. Paul,
Morris tribune. [volume] (Morris, Minn.) 1880-2000, 1901-12-21

MERRY MAS WA US.
HOW The ANclENTs CELEBRATED
THE COMING OF YJLETiDE.

rhe Mistletoe and the Yule Log Were
In Evidence eBtivities Began q
Week Before Christmas Day - But
There Was No Santa Claus.
IT is said that the American Gus
toms of celebrating the greatest
of all festival days, Christmas,
are descended from or are sur
vivals Of the old world customs which
existed in England a couple of cen
turtles ago. Yet when these latter are
examined into it requires wide stretch
of an unusually elastic imagination to
link the ways of the present day with
those of the seventeenth or even the
eighteenth century.
1t seems probable that the folks of
half dozen generations ago crowded
more merriment into the Christmas
season than we Of this age do, and they
went about it with the same prear-
ranged systematic care that CONNER
cial prince now devotes to some great
Morris tribune. [volume] (Morris, Minn.) 1880-2000, 1901-12-21

| - RISTLETOE, associated witt
| NV both comedy and tragedy
| xV1 owes it's elevation to the
= IsF77 glory Of prominent Christ
mas decoration to the relics of Druid
lcal superstition and again, even fur
ther back, to traditions Of Morse my
thology, in which it played an impor'
| tant part,
Long before kissing was invented OF
ballads were made and sung the mis-.
tletoe was a sort of fetch and is as
capricious as most heather deities, in.
asmuch as it has marked preference
in the choice of tree to grow upon,
the oak, the larch and the pear being
the least favored, while it loves the
poplar, hawthorn, lime, maple, noun.
taineash and, first and foremost Of all,
the apple tree. 1t roots firmly, grows
slowly, gradually stiles the tree item
braces and then dies itself! In ancient
lore it had rare medicinal virtues but
these have found oblivion with the
lapse of time.
Morse fables tell us that Baldur, the
bright and the beautiful, the god Of
light, was regarded with jealousy by
some Of the other deities, and Friga, to
protect him, made everything in heav-
en- and earth swear to do. him no
harm. But disregarding the mistletoe
as being so slight and weak she omit
ted her precaution in it's case. Loki,
the malevolent fire god, Selling this
chance, bewitched a twig of mistletoe
till it sweIled to the size of a spear
and, slyly giving it to blind Hodur,
told him to throw it among the gods
when they were at play.
It struck Baldur and killed him, but
Friga miraculously restored him to life
and thereafter guarded the mistletoe,
which the gods at her pleading decided
should be unable to do any mischief
again unless it touched the earth. For
this reason it always hung on high, and
the vigilant goddess was propitiated by
sign Of amity and good will.
Many of the most important rites of
the Druids were performed in connec-
ton with it, and today men and maid
ems hold that it constitutes sanction
for salutes that might otherwise be
too daring. Yet the old mysterious
glamour of it's power to harm still
clings to it and imparts a touch of SUI
perstitious witchery to the tragic fate
of the gay young bride who. mad with
pertinent, hid in the oak chest that
proved her tomb.
Morris tribune. [volume] (Morris, Minn.) 1880-2000, 1901-12-21
Christmas Feastinr.

During the middle ages the whole
Christmas season was given up to rev
els and jollity, in which eating and
drinking had a prominent part. The
Saxon instinct of our English ancestors
led them to make Of every holiday an
occasion for Teasing. Plenty to eat
and to drink was their idea Of a festi-
val, no matter how sacred might be it's
associations. On Christmas they not
only lined their stomachs with good
capon, as did Shakespeare's justice.
but stuffed themselves with all sorts OF
rich nourishing food and strongly COM
pounded puddings aid pies