The Montgomery advertiser., 1901-08-18
CORRECT ENGLISH AND
 HOW TO USE IT.
(By Josephine Turck Bakery
 LESSON V,


 LESSON V.
 The two dialects with which the mother tongue of modren English IS most closely connected. are the Fr1sian and the old Saxon. The Frisian lan- guage is of special interest to the philologist, because it is the most closely related of all extant forms to the Saxon basis of the English lan- guage. Various fragmentary forms or old Frisian still exist but the oid saxon is extinct. Fortunately, however, several manuscripts of old Saxon have been found in Germany, which enable us to compare it with old Tristan. into which it probably merged, for the theory if that the old Saxon on the continent was graduated into the Frisian, into which it probably merged, for the theory is that the old Saxon on the continent was graduated into the Tristan of the north and northwest and into the Frank on the south. A com parison of old Frisian with Anglo Saxon and with modern English shows a translation of letters which Is or great interest to philogolists. But be- fore making the comparison 1t is recee- sary to indicate just what we mean by Anglo-Saxon, and in what essential it differs from the Saxon of the con- tinent. The term Anglo-Saxon is so generally used by scholars that 1t is necessary to understand exactly what is meant by the term. To the philolo- gist 1t indicates the language spoken by the, Angles and Saxons after their migration to England in the fifth cen- tury.
 There has been much controversy among scholars as to the names by which the English language should be known in the various stages of Its growth, for modern English is as diff ferent from the English of the fifth century as Spanish is from Latin. The term Anglo Saxon Is one that was not generally used by the English people. The Teutonic tribes, the Angles, Saxons and Jutes, who conquered the Celts of England in, the fifth century, never used the term Anglo-Saxon as applied to themselves The earliest Teutonic settlers in England. in all probability, were the Jutes; the Angles and the Saxons settled later. but as the Angles occupied a greater share of land than the Saxons it is supposed that for this reason they gave the national name to the people The early names by which the English people called them selves, were Engle, Ancelcyn. Angli. The name given to them by the Celts and othef nations was Saxon. The names Angli-Saxones, Angul- Seaxe, are found sometimes to have been used. But these forms were never in general use by the English people.
 Although great changes have taken place in the language since the advent of the Angles, Saxons and Jutes, the continuity of the language has never been broken. We can at no time in its history draw distinct lines that shall truly represent it's different stages but, as English in its earliest form was highly infected and in that respect differed materially from the language at a later stage of it's development, many scholars are inclined to favor the name Anglo-Saxon for the earliest form and senni-Saxon' for the period which connects Anglo Saxon with Eng fish, Those scholars who lay stress upon the continuity of the language designate these periods as the old. mid de and new, or modern, English, or theyrleave out the term middle Eng lish' and use only "old English" (An- glo-Saxon) and modern English. The only extant specimens of old English (Anglo-Saxon) are those which were written after the migration to Eng land. -. t,3.-.
 Thus, "The Boewuf," the earliest extant poem in Anglo Saxon, was com mitted to manuscript after the migra- ton to England, although the subject matter, with it's heroes of Danes, Fris- lans, Cheats and Angles, is traced to a continental origin and was probably originated at the ancient home in Schleswig.
 NOTES.
 The boundaries of Frisia proper are the Schledt toward the west and the NT<e~r Ion
 ing west Friesland, the most northerly province of the Netherlands and east Friesland, in Hanover.
 There Is district in which the lan- guage spoken at the present time gives evidence of a Frisian population. It is interesting to note in this con. nection that this district is in inc vicinity of the German fatherland of the English people. This fact is of peculiar significance on account of the resemblance between the old Friesland and the old Saxon forms of speech. ERRORS OF THE CARELESS
 SPEAKER.
 It is the careless speaker who asks Who Is this letter for?" and Who Is this package from?" instead of For , whom is this letter?" and Prom wrom is this package?'' The proper an- swer to the question Who is this let ter for?" and Who is this package from?'' would be This letter is from he" and The package is from she" One will never misuse who for whom if one will place the propositions before the pronoun, where it belongs; thus, For whom is this letter." From whom is this package?" Although many good speakers place the preposi- tion at the close of the sentence. thus: "Whom is this letter for?" Whom Is this package from?"
 It is the careless speaker who says: CT wouldn't want to do that" and "I wouldn't want to go." instead of, "I shouldn't want to do that" and q shouldn't want to go." Our wants are our wishes or desires, and our. wishes or desires are beyond our contra. of the will. Consequently. "T shouldn't wa lt to do that" and shouldn't want tn go.' are the correct forms. for con ditions beyond the control of the will ore expressed by T should" and not y 'I would" Let the person who