The daily morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven, Conn.) 1894-1907, 1901-06-20
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY.
NT OF TASKS TO lead
ING COLLEGES.
Great Popular Misconception as to the
Worls-How and by Whom II is Being
Done in New England This Summer
Told BY am OH ciaI.

NorIs-How and by Whom II is Bein,
Done INA New England This Summer
Told BY am OH ciaI.
what is the geological survey do
ing in New England this summer
This question was asked one of the Off
cials by a correspondent of the Bostor
| Transcript the other day.
1.-THE work of the geological survey
in New England" he replied. lis as
signed in large part to the leading col
| leges whose professors are employed In
| their summer vacations. Civil service
examina lions have been held recently
in which the survey took several Har-
ward professors. The examinations
were for appointments as geoloSlsts
and assistant geologists in all parts OF
the country, and they enlisted the at
tention of large numbers of students
as well as professors. AS the sum
mer is the season when the Held WORK
of the survey has to be done, and as IL
is also the vacation season In the col
leges, the arrangements fits in very
well for both.
"To the several colleges groups spe-
cial tasks are assigned. Harvard men,
for example, are engaged under the
direction of Professor Jaeger, in 1nVes-
tigating the Boston basin. At Yale,
surveys of the region of New haven
are making by Mr.. Gregory under the
general direction of Professors VIII
lams and Pierson. Professor Emerson
of Amherst who for twenty years has
been investigating the geology of Cen
trail Massachusetts, will be employed
this year in the northern part of Wor-
cester county, and Professor HOODS
who Is now located in Madison, WIS.,
has been engaged to finish some work
begun some years ago in southern Con-
nectieut. Professor Wolf of Harvard
will be employed in southern Vermont
in the vicinity of Brattleboro and 1t is
probable that some work will be under
taken in the autumn in Maine, either
in the western part of the state IN the
reported, gold belt, near the heasdWa-
ters of the Swift river, or the vicinity
of Blue Hill and Mt, Desert.
There is o. great popular miconcep-
tion as to the work of the geological
survey. Tt is in general directed to the
solution of those scientific problems
which can best be worked out by the
national organization, leaving to state
surveys and to private parties the eX-
animation of economic resources, es-
peciallv those of individual property.
This government work has a practical
bearing in giving accurate information
the general relations of
mineral resources and In indicating the
,tnI, GnI1pht
and exploited. 1t is careful. however.
not to infringe upon the province OF
the mining engineer and therefore does
not render expert opinion of any par
ticular kind.
The Typographical Work.
1.-The topogrgapghlcal work of the
survey was begun in New
England many years ago on scale OF
1ne inch to the mile. Massachusetts, at
hat time entered into cooperative Te- |
ations with the government by which |
he state appropriated one-half of the
expenses of the survey in order that /
maps might be made on larger scale |
md In more detail than the federal |
.urvey then thought it could afford. |
All of Massachusetts, Connecticut and
been geographically sur
eyed Small portions Of Vermont, |
New Hampshire and Maine have also !
,een surveyed. But these last three |
states did not care to enter into CO.
operative relations, although Maine has
low made an agreement by which
urvey will be undertaken.
This topographic work everywhere
consists in making may of the sur
ace which shows all the roads houses
nd other works of man in detail and
-iven also the precise position and
of all the streams, even to
he smallest. It indicates for great
art of the surface the height above
he sea. These maps are used for
chools, by travellers and investors, and
specially by engineers, who find them
accurate for the prelimi-
airy determination of engineering
lans. 1t is possible to lay down upon
hem the lines of a road and to deter
line the grades without going into the
cid, and thus save the cost of prelimi-
airy surveys. The topographic may
srves as the basis for forestry map
nd for several geological maps. One
these geological maps has to deal
18th the formations resulting from the
lvason of the northern part of the
nited States by the ice of the glacial
ge, and as these are deposits of sand
nd gravel upon the surface, it is
nown as the surficial geological map.
was originally called superficial"
1T as the word has some unfortunate
eanings the title was changed. Other
Biological maps show the relations of
,e hard rock masses and their distri-
ton upon the surface. These geo.
gcal maps are also published in an
her form, which shows the relat of
e masses underground; this is what c
known as the structural section
eet. And where the economic re- '
urces are of much Importance it ap- !
ars in q fourth form in which |
onomc deposits are brought in [
rong colors These various maps are U
epared and printed by the geological r
rvey in its own engraving division, S
TIL a degree Of precision hardly q
ualed by any other establishment in I
is country" +