davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1901-03-01
Marriage Licenses.

Frederick Shank, 81, Lafayette;
Emma Gee, 80, Sumner.
G.. w. Mitchell, %, Eaton county,:
Nora Cresswell, 81, ST. Louis.
Victor G.. Morse, Ithaca;
j. Olivia McLaren, 26. Muskegon.
George a. Holmes, 80, Lafayette;
Kate f.. Slater, %,
Herbert Marriott, %, Elba;
Ella Myers, 10, Eliza.
George Stoddard, 80, Elsie;
Lottie Hamilton. -, Ithaca.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1901-03-01
How to Cure the Grip.

Remain quietly at home and take
Chamberlain Cough Kennedy as di.
rected and a quick recovery is sure to
follow. That remedy counteracts any
tendency of the grip to result in pneu.
monia, which is really the only serious
danger. Among the tens of thousands
who have used It tor the grip not one
has ever been reported that did not re.
cover. For sale by Bivins & Rhodes.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1901-03-01

A powerful engine cannot be run
with weak boiler, and we can't keep
up the strain of an active life with a
weak stomach; neither can we stop the
human machine to make repairs. If the
stomach cannot digest enough food to
keep the body strong, such a prepare.
ton as Kodol Dyspepsia Cure should be
used. 1t digests what you eat and it
simply can't help but do you good.
Sharrar & Mulholland
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1901-03-01

W l.. Yancy Paducab, Ky, writes
Il had a severe case of kidney disease
and three of the best physicians in
southern Kentucky treated me without
success | was induced 10 try Foley's
Kidney Cure. The first bottle gave inn
mediate relief and three bottles cured
me permanently. | gladly recommend
this wonderful remedy" Sharrar 4
Muiholand
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1901-03-01
ACard

We, the undersigned, do hereby agree
TO refund the money on a 50-cent bottle
of Greene's Warranted Syrup of Tar if
1t fails To cure your cough or cold. We
also guarantee 25-cent bottle to prove
satisfactory or money refunded.
SHARRAR q MULHOLLAND, Alma.
BIvINs * RHODES, Alma.
l0S0.yr FRED HUDSON, Riverdale.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1901-03-01

Reports show a greatly increased
death rate from throat and lung
troubles due to the prevalence of Group,
pneumonia and grippe. We advise the
use of One Minute Cough Cure in all
of these difficulties 1t is the only
harmless remedy that gives immediate
results Children like it. Sharrar &
Mulholland
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1901-03-01

81 have always used Foley Honey
and Tar cough medicine, and think il
is the best in the world saws Chas.
Bender, a newsdealer OF Erie, Pa.
Sharrar q Mulholland.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1901-03-01

Fatal delays are caused by expert.
menting with cough and cold cures.
Foley's Honey and Tar will prevent a
cold from resulting in pneumonia.
Sharrar IL Mulholland.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1901-03-01

Too late TO cure cold after consump.
ton has fastened is deadly grip on the
lungs. Take DR.. Woods Norway Pine
Syrup while yet there is time.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1901-03-01

Persons who cannot take ordinary
pills find il pleasure TO take DeWitt's
Little Early Risers They are the best
little liver pills ever made. Sharrar &
Mulholland.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1901-03-01

Like bad dollars, all counferfeits OF
DeWitt's Witch Hazel Salve are worth
less. The original quickly cures piles,
sores and all skin diseases. Sharrar &
Mulholland.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1901-03-01

Diptheria relieved in twenty minutes.
Almost miraculous. DR.. Thomas Ec-
lectric Oil, Al any drug store.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1901-03-01

Tolerance i the fuel that generates
the steam Of happiness.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1901-03-01

There are too many lawbreakers
who call themselves attorneys.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1901-03-01

No farmer can pillow field by turn
ing il over in his mind.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1901-03-01

Success comes from not making the
same mistake twice.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1901-03-01

Virtue may be its own reward, but
there's more money In selling gold
bricks
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1901-03-01

Music is sound that charms even
if the critics will not pass it.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1901-03-01

A man 5 character is often shown by
what he considers laughable.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1901-03-01

Music and women are often loved
but seldom understood.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1901-03-01
REAL ESTATE TRANSFERS
AS Furnished by Register A. Il. Lowry.

Alma College 20 August f. Bru,ke lots
II and H., blk Z, Lancashire add AlmaS l-l
". A. Bahlke To G.. VI. Dclavan part ne
OF sW SOC % Pine RIVER. ............ la
+. G.. Baker 10 j. \. spear 50 of nw4
sec North star. ...-............ 2-'
j. b. crook to A. j. Harp, Of So sec -
Washington ........... ...... ........... JV
\. Durfce 10 II. Welsh. We OF ne sec y
NJ b. Fisher 10 John Ward, sw Of NV sec
l., New HdYcn..... .........-. VN
Joseph Gtandy 10 ThOs. McNally. part
NV of nw sec - Lafayette ........ l5'
r. j. Lathrop 10 \. Durfee W. Of ne SEC
81 ScyilIe..i........ ....................... -
Mary r. Nicer TO :. koutz. pit - Of nh
sec 81 >evillc...-...... .......+.. ll''
j. b. Parker 10 \. W. Lewis, g 20 of sw
a of sea sec / New Haven ........... AZ
c. j. Perkins 10 VI. +. Pettyiohn, pit NV
OF sw sec "a Pine River Alma ..... llc'
l.. b, Quick To J. II. Fleming. lot blk
Dell Randall 20 Elias Randall. pit nw4
OF sec - Hamilton ........ ......,......, 100
i. NJ. Rhynard 20 NJ. +. Rhynard. sw4
OF scc Eibd.. ..-.......... ...-. @pH
G.. W. TOrbcrt 10 \. T.. ~taehey. pt ne'4
OF sec 30 Wheeler ..........- ........... 80
Z. f. Taylor 10 G.. l.. Carter, Sc of sw
OF see ~ Eiba..,.... ...---.--... 20"
Lille Tinkham 10 =. koutN. pit VIZ Of
nel4 sec 80 Ville.......... .......... 40
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1901-03-01

a married man says he was always
fond Of tongue-and he likes it still.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1901-03-01

One way to remove dandruff is TO
insult an Indian.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1901-03-01

Do nothing when angry and you
will have the less TO undo.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1901-03-01

An Irish politician says that half
the lies told about him are not true.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1901-03-01
NJ. w. Coon,
w q. WATSON
II. A. ELY.

Committee on resolutions reported
as follows:
RESOLVED, That we, the Gratiot
County Republican Convention here
assembled, do reaflirm our steadfaSt
adherence TO the principles OF the Re-
publican party as exemplited In its
past achievements, and its promises
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1901-11-15
DADY REDUCES HIS BID
ACCEPTANCE OF HIS HAVANA SAM
TARY TENDER RECOMMENDED.
Original Price Lowered S572,O3S-
Time Granted in Postal Fraud
Cases-Spirit in the Election.

HAVANA, Nov 1.-THE commission of
the Municipal Council of Havana appointed
to investigate the proposition of Michael
j. Dady to reduce his bid for the sewer
and paving contract of Havana by $572, ,O3S,
has agreed to accept Dady's proposition
and will recommend that he be given the
contract. The amount of Dady's original
bid was 81, 1,4S5,S96.
A commission representing the CONNER
cial, agricultural and industrial interests
Of Cuba will leave here next Saturday for
Washington on a mission of reciprocity.
The defendants in the Havana pOstoffice
fraud cases have been granted exten-
sion of ten days in which TO file their an
swers TO the charges of the fiscal.
The managers Of General Bartolome
Masso, the candidate of the Democratic
party for the presidency of Cuba, claim
that he will have large majorities in the
provinces of Santiago, Puerto Principe and
Santa Clara. The National party in Ha-
vana. which had proclaimed Senior Tomas
Estrada Palma its candidate for President,
has split. and a large faction has come
out for Masso. The supporters of Senor
Palma are beginning TO realize the posi-
bility of a close election. 1t is said here
that Gen. Maxine Gomez will be asked to
stump Cuba for Senor Palma.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1901-11-15
lands AND HENDERSON
TOASTs BY REPRESENTATIVE AND
SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE.
Gen. GrenviIIe VI. Dodge, Of New
York. Reelected President,
Serves TOastmaster.

The annual banquet of the Society Of the
Army of the Tennessee. held i'm the main
dining room of the Denison Hotel last
night, a brilliant and enjoyable event.
The tables were arranged in a hollow
square, with one side open. and were richly
ornamented with vases Of cut flowers and
candelabrum surmounted by vari-colored
shades. The table at which sat the toast
master and the guests OF honor had a
background of palms and flags. Covers
We're laid for 133. and before every plate
sat a guest At the main table were
seated General Dodge. the POSTMASTER.
General Black and wife, Senator Fair
banks, General Alger, Gen. d. b. Hender-
son, Representative James +. Watson,
Representative and Mrs. Charles b. Lam
dis, Gen. George f. McGinnis. James Whit
comb Riley and Mrs. Mary Pearson Kent.
Klausmann's Orchestra furnished the mu-
sic during the banquet and i'm the pro-
gramme following. Vocal music was sup
piled by a quartet composed of o. w. Will
lams. Fred Loomis. Morris Neck ana
Frank Taylor, accompanied by Frank
Ketcham. The quartet, seconded by Bugler
Mitchell. took a prominent part in the
medley entitled War Memories and Mu-
sic" given by Mrs. John c. Black. Sew
eral songs OF a martial character were
sung by Mrs. Kent.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1901-11-15
THEY REFUSE TO PLEAD
PRISONERS INDICTED FOR THE MON
TANA EXPRESS ROBBERY.
Judge Orders Plea of "Not Guilty
Entered In Their BehaIf-Date for
the Trial Has Not Been Set.

ST. LOUIS, Nov. 14-E. S. Elliott, the
Great Northern Express Company official,
accompanied by Michael +. O'Neal, fire.
man, and Claiming Smith, express messen-
ger of the Great Northern train which was
robbed near Wagner, Mont, last July,
called on United States District Attorney
Roster and laid before him all the facts in
their possession in connection with the
treasury and the suspect under arrest here.
The district attorney requested Chief of
Police Kiely to produce Longbaugh, alias
John Arnold" the alleged Montana train
robber, and his companion, Laura Bullion,
in the Federal Court this afternoon.
Longbaugh and the woman were arraigned
before Judge Adams to answer the indict-
ments returned against them yesterday by
the federal grand jury.
AS the prisoners came into the court
handcuffed and attended by six detectives
and four deputy United States marshals.
they attracted considerable attention. When
Judge Adams asked the prisoners how they
wished to plead to the indictments, each of
which contains sixteen counts, charging
forgery of notes of the Helena National
Bank and having them in their possession
Illegally, they were silent.
The question was repeated.
1t met with stoical silence.
Then" said Judge Adams, 'if you re-
fuse to plead / will cause plea of not
guilty to be entered in your cases."
This order was made and the prisoners
were then taken in custody by deputy
United States marshals, who took them
back to the Four Courts. The trial date
has not been set.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1901-11-15
JOSEPH ID. KEITH's STATEMENT.
His Side of the Case Set Ont I'm .
Brief Prepared by Himself.

What purpoTts 10 be Joseph D. Keith's
written brief. which he had expected TO
present TO the Supreme Court. was pub
Iished locally yesterday afternoon. II COW
cred thirty-seven pages OF legal cap. and in
IL he summarized the points OF his claims
and charged that person other than him
self committed the crime. That such a
statement was given out at Michigan City
was emphatically denied last night by
Warden Reid. OF the prison. and his chief
deputy.
lie went into details OF the evidence OF the
trial 10 show why the verdict is as he
claims. not consistent with the facts Re
garding the blood stains found I'm the bug
BY he said.
Just a few words 10 you on the paint
and blood question. / am a painter. and
do all my own painting. and for six or
eight years have painted my buggy every
spring. / can prove there were no
blood stains in my buggy by a young man
who rode with me from Evansville the last
time 1 drove in my buggy Continuing he
said:
They claim that the girl was killed on
the night OF April 3. 1900 and put I'm an old
well on the farm OF Mr.. Fred Gerises, and
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1901-11-15
The Captive Women Are Said to BE
Closely Confined I'm a Small VII
Iage in Southern Bulgaria.
PREMIER OUTLINES HIS CASE
BULGARIA is WILLING TO STRAIN A
POINT FOR AMERICA.
Therefore Is willing General Dick
inson Should Negotiate with Ban
dits--COnditions in Macedonia.

SOFIA, Bulgaria, Nov. 14.-Miss Ellen
NJ. Stone and Madame Tsilka, the captives
OF the brigands, are now said to be oc-
cupying hut in village of southern Bull
garia, to which they are closely confined.
There is reason to believe that a con-
ference of the secret committee held at
Dubnitz favored a reduction of the ran
som demand and that as soon as it comes
within the range of the funds at the dis
posal of Consul General Dickinson he is
ready to seal the proposal.
photographs of ex-President Saratoff of
the Macedonian committee, have been cir
culated among the troops on the Turkish
side of the border, in consequence of the
belief that he is now with the brigand
bands in the vicinity of the frontier
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1901-11-15
Other Deaths.

WINNIPEG, Manitoba, Nov. H-Dr.
Orton. former member of Parliament for
Wellington, Ontario, and al one time one of
Canada's leading politicians, sitting in the
House of Commons fourteen years, died
here to-day.
MONMOUTH, Ill, Nov. H-William s.
Weir head of the Weir Pottery Company
and president of the banks at Monmouth,
Alexis and Little York, died suddenly here
to-day, aged sixty-siX.
STOCKTON, Cal, Nov. H.-Judge ]. G..
Swinnerton, a well-known lawyer and ora
tor, died here to-day He was the father
of James Swinnerton, a newspaper artist.
LONDON, Nov. 14-Col. J. H. Mapleson
father of Col. Henry Mapleson, the operate
impressaro, died in London to-day OF
Brights disease.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1901-11-15
SEVERAL PERSONS KILLED
FATAL EXPLOSION IN BURNING
MINE AT POCAHONTAs.
Many Other Persons Are Injured,
Some FatalIy-Most of the VIC
Tins Were Fighting the Fire.

BLUEFIELD, w. Va, Nov. H-Five
dead bodies have been taken from the
Baby mine at Pocahontas. Several other
persons are unaccounted for and twenty
five have been rescued more or less severe
ly burned.
AT o'clock this morning it was discov-
cred that the Baby mine of the Pocahontas
Mining Company was on fire. An alarm
was sent in and the fire company responded
promptly. In very short time after the
fire fighters had reached the mines and
were attempting to extinguish the flames,
some of the firemen and others, having
rushed inside of the mines to ascertain the
extent of the trouble and to assist miners
entombed therein. a terrific explosion oc-
CURED and many miners and their friends
were more or less injured.
1t is supposed that the mines caught fire
from defective electric light wire Five
bodies had been recovered up to o'clock
this evening, and it is uncertain how MANY
more are dead, though ii is known there
are several, perhaps eight or ten more
still in the mines, unless they succeeded
in making their escape through the Tug
river entrance. Twenty-Five persons have
been rescued, all more or less burned
some seriously and perhaps fatally The
injured were carried to their homes in
wagons, and all the physicians in Poca-
hontas have been busy all day attending
the injured.
One or two other explosions have fol-
lowed that of the early morning, and 9th
are hourly expected. The mine Is still
burning, and clouds of smoke are con-
stantly issuing from its mouth. The fan
has been stopped, and as soon as il is pos
sible 10 do so the mine will be re-entered
with hope of extinguishing the fire In
1854 POcahOntaS experienced a like occur
renee, in which over one hundred lives
were lost. The dead so far recovered are:
LOUIS WOOLWINE.
JOHN BERNHAPT.
WILL MONTGOMERY.
NJ. d. KOONTZ.
URICO, a Hungarian.
Woolwine, Montgomery and Koontz were
killed while attempting 10 reach and bring
out a dead body. At this time it is impos-
sible to secure the names of those injured
and IL is impossible TO estimate the amount
of damage to the mines.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1901-11-15
BULGARIA'S ATTITUDE.
The Government Is willing to Strain
n Point for America


NEW YORK. Nov. 14.-Petks Karaveloff.
the prime minister of Bulgaria. has lust
been interviewed by the Sofia correspond
ent of the Journal and Advertiser. Said the
prime minister:
For humanitarian reasons the minister
of the interior has undertaken to tolerate
fresh intercourse between the brigands and
an American agent. 1t is bad precedent
TO recognize the brigands, however Indirect
ly, but We wish to stretch a point for
America and the cause of humanity The
brigands, wherever they are, can now treat
Gnmolested with the American represent
ative and safe conduct will be given to any
man or men recommended by Mr.. Dickin-
SON.
There are no brigands in Bulgaria.
Turkey is the cause of the brigandage
pillage, murder and massacre in Macedonia
Conditions there are intolerable Europe
has been moving in a vicious circle regard
ing Macedonia since the Berlin treaty All
the powers agree that Macedonia should
have autonomy, but none is willing to move
in the matter. Count Andrassy of Russia
was more TO blame than Lord Beaconsheld
at the Berlin conference for the present
to heaven for vengeance.
France patches up her quarrel with
Turkey, oblivious of liberty, equality and
fraternity for Macedonia; Germany is sat
isfied with getting all material advantages
possible out of Turkey. The Macedonians
themselves may break the vicious circle
and break Turkeys cruel boast: We took
you by the sword, by the sword we shall
hold you All we ask for Macedonia is
autonomy. We do not seek annexation.
eff the American people knew the kind
of hellish barbarities perpetrated by
Turkey in Macedonia the voice of the peo-
pie which freed Cuba and fought the most
chivalrous and unselfish battle of modern
times would awaken the Cabinets of
Europe TO a sense of their duty regarding
Macedonia"
In conclusion the premier said he wished
the United States would establish consu-
lates at Sofia. Varna and PhiIippopolis.
particularly as Bulgaria is entirely agri-
cultural and needs American Implements
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1901-11-15
MORMONS WERE SHOCKED.
Earthquake shock i'm Utah Did n
Great Amount of Damage

SALT LAKE. Utah, Nov. H.-Advices re-
ceived here from the more remote sections
OF southern and southwestern Utah, show
that last nights earthquake shock was very
heavy in some localities, and considerable
damage was done.
The shock apparently was heaviest at
Beaver city, where the Mormon meeting
house, the courthouse ard the Beaver
Academy We're badly damaged. especially
the aforementioned building. whose walls
snow great cracks. Chimneys were tOppled
over and glass was shattered Hardly n
mouse IN the town escaped damage. many
OF them being badly cracked. No fatalities
are reported Another slight shock was felt
this morning
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1901-11-15
TO FAVOR AMERICAN FLOUR.
Brazilian Congress Levies Higher Du
ties on Imports in Bags.

RIO JANEIRO, Nov. 1.-THE Chamber OF
Deputies has passed bill increasing the
duty on -four imported in bags instead of
barrels. There was a lively discussion over
the measure. 1t was contended that flour,
imported in bags, is apt 10 contain danger
Gus germs, but the assertion was COM
bated vigorously.
One member OF the budget committee
frankly declared that the object of the bill
was TO protect United States producers
against the Argentine. After the vote had
been taken several deputies shouted: THE
Yankees have routed the Argentines."
Public opinion and the newspapers gener-
ally disapprove OF the new law. as IL is
known that -four from the United States
arrives I'm barrels, while the Argentine
product comes in bags. Newspapers OF
Buenos Ayres unanimously condemn the
measure and remonstrances Will be filed by
the Argentine millers.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1901-11-15
POSSIBLE MARINE DISASTER.
Austrian Steamship Reports n Strange
Occurrence at Sen.

PHILADELPHIA, Nov. H.-Captain
Ferlan. of the Austrian steamship Etelka.
has brought to, this port news CT a prob
able marine disaster. Early on the morning
of Nov. S, when the Etelka was in latitude
Al north. longitude SO west, Captain Ferlan
says his attention was drawn to what he
believes to have been a burning steamship.
The craft was invisible but the glare of the
flames could be plainly seen.
The course Of the Etelka was changed,
but before she could reach the burning
vessel explosion apparently occurred
and the steamship was torn 10 pieces. The
Etelka cruised about in the vicinity of
where the fire occurred. but could find no
trace of any Of the crew. who. il was
thought, might have taken to the small
boats
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1901-11-15

sugar growers of the West and the cane
sugar producers OF the South, and they
expect to join with them if the matter
should come to an issue during the ap-
preaching session of Congress.
The delegation subsequently called on
Secretary Gage and discussed with him the
labor situation in the Hawaiian islands.
The sugar plantations. they told the sec
retary, were becoming less productive each
year because of the planters inability TO
secure desirable labor. The solution of the
question, the delegation viewed it, was
the free admission to the islands of Chi
nese, at least for time. as they were the
best laborers among all those who had
been tried on the sugar plantations.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1901-11-15
OBITUARY.
Brig. Gen. III. l.. Robinson, Chief of
Civil War Military Railroads.

NEW YORK, Nov. H.-Brig. Gen. Henry
L. Robinson. who retired from the army a
number of years ago, and in recent years
had been a cusoms inspector, is dead, at
his home in this city, in his ninetieth
year.
He was born in Binghamton. y. Y. Soon
after the civil broke out he was ap-
pointed assistant quartermaster, with rank
of captain, and being a railroad man was
assigned to the purchasing and disbursing
office of the military railroads In 1866 he
was mustered out. While he held the Office
he disbursed $4,000, 600 When President Lin
coin was assassinated he had charge of the
transportation of the body to Springfield,
Ill. He was a brother of Gen. John &. Rob-
inson, who was lieutenant governor Of New
York under Governor Dix
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1901-11-15
NEW SOURCE OF WORRY.


PARIS, Nov. 1.-THE Turkish govern
ment is much exercised over the report that
two American girls have started for Turkey
with the idea of getting captured by brig
ands in a manner similar TO the case of
Miss Ellen NJ. Stone. The Turkish legation
here has received a dispatch from the Of
ficials at Constantinople TO investigate the
matter. as il is thought the girls will pass
through Paris.
a dispatch from Philadelphia, published
on Nov. 2. announced that two girls Kate
Boyle and Flora Preston. had started for
Macedonia with the idea of getting alb
Quoted by brgands. Possibly this was the
origin of the Porte's perturbation