davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Fergus County argus. [volume] (Lewistown, Mont.) 1886-1946, 1901-08-28

DESERT LAND FINAL PROOF-Notice
~ for publication-united States Land Office
at Lewistown. Mont. August ~, 1891.
Notice Is hereby given that
GEORGE S. kNERR.
~ Fergus county, Mont. has filed notice of
intention 10 make proof on his desert land
claim No. 2IS2. for the sls sell, sLe swia, sec
-, ~ Is n II e, Montana T.. NJ, before the
register and receiver NJ lewistowp, Montana,
on Thursday. the I'd day Of October, 1901.
He names the following witnesses to prove
the complete irrigation and reclamation OF said
land:
Peter Boy er. James Chamberlain. Levi
kneTr. Henry Nelson, all of Denton. Mont.
EDWARD BRAssEY. Register.
Isl. .,f l.a4s.. A.. d
Fergus County argus. [volume] (Lewistown, Mont.) 1886-1946, 1901-08-28

DESERT LAND FINAL PROOF-Notlce
~ for publication-United States Land Office
at Lewistown, Mont. August 81, 1901.
Notice is hereby given that
JOHN w. ARNOLD,
of Stanford. Montana, has filed notice of in
t%entionto make proof on his desert land claim
No. 1881, for the els nwi4. swA nwlI. nwL nell,
sec 3, tp IL n r ~ e, Montana y. M, before the
register and receiver at Lewistown. Mont, on
Friday. the 9TH day Of October. 1901.
He namcs the following witnesses to prove
the complete irrigation and reclamation OF said
land:
Bernard +. Stack. Mary a. Stack. Seymour
c. IlasI. Andrew NJ. Mathews, all OF stanford
Mont.
EDWARD BRAssEY, Register,
First uuh Ana -
Fergus County argus. [volume] (Lewistown, Mont.) 1886-1946, 1901-08-28

DESERT LAND FINAL PROOF-Notice
~ for publication-Unlted States Land ofdce
at Lcwis,own. Mont, August :, 1901.
Notice Is hereby given that
JAMES ETTIEN,
Of Utica. Fergus county, Montana. has filed
notice of Inter 'ion To make final proof on his
desert land claim No. $50, for the sell nwk.
swii neA. sec 3, tp IL n T IL {. Montana Il. NJ.
before the register and receiver az Iewistown.
Mont, on Friday, the 18th day Of September,
1901.
He names Ins following witnesses to prove
the complete irrigation and reclamation of said
land.
William EtIen. Wyman Winkley. Dick
Wright, Louis w. Peck. all Of Utica, Mont. :.
EDWARD BRAssEY, Register.
First publication Aug. Z.
The Dupuyer acantha. [volume] (Dupuyer, Mont.) 1894-1904, 1901-10-10

a ne" iemeoy LOT ~ no"
on SAFE a. mos p Nagee orug SUITE
II IS calleo Ohamoeflaih ; oColnacn auu
LIVER AaoAeVs, IL gives quicA f0Aiol ano
VIII prevent tne at1ack 7 gwen as soon
as the nrst %lnolca'ion oi 'he uiseaS0 ap-
pears, PRICE, - cents per oox' oam-
pies free'
j. w. Prophet returned last Friday
from a four years absence in Alaska.
Mr. Prophet left Dupuyer in the spring
Of 1897, and trayersed the "back door
route" by the way OF Great Slave Lake
The Dupuyer acantha. [volume] (Dupuyer, Mont.) 1894-1904, 1901-10-10
uluANIANuulu

charge of the hardware department of
the Y. A. 7. & Company, at Dawson.
"Geo. Croft, Of Great Falls. is mining
above Dawson. His wife and daughter
lately came TO Seattle.
"Joe Healy is mining on Silver Creek,
above Dawson and has at last struck it
rich. He has already taken out some
$4,000 this season and the prospects are
that he will make a big stake out Of his
claim.
I'D. ". Davis, formerly of Fort Shaw
and Fort Mcleod, is a collector of Gus
toms at Dawson and is reputed to be
worth a quarter of a million at least.
He has some rich mining ground.
"M. sF. Brown and wife, nee Miss
Grace Hamilton, are now 10 California,
where they expect to make their home.
Hel health is good and she is happy.
1T. F. Healy and wife are at the Hotel
Stephens, Seattle.
Mrs. J.,J. Healy, Miss Alfredo, and
Mrs. Mettler are in Seattle.
"Mrs. S. y. Heron and family and Miss,
Nellie Healy. are i'll Oakland, Cal.
"Sam Heron, Of Benton, has some
valuable mining property, near Nome
and is there looking after his interests.
81. N. Hazlett, formerly Of Helena, has
a fine saloon in Seattle ard is makin e
money.
John Tattan and Ollie Crane, of Ben
ton, are engaged in mining near Nome.
: and are said to be doing wellI
! "Chas. Thebo left Seattle about two
weeks ago with a lot Of beef cattle fol
Dawson; he is backed by an Englist
company and has made a great deal O
e money.
y captain j. j. Healey and J. Hamilton
$ Lewis, Of Seattle. president and vice
: president OF the Yakutat company, o.
Alaska passed Havre a few days ago Ell
e route to Chicago.
d "Al Lester, formerly Of Benton anC
Great Falls, left Rampant this summe
n for Gods country where he ex poets tc
x spend the balance Of his days. His hair
k is as white as Colonel ira Meyers.
n ct. G. Haaly, son of Captain j. j
Healy, died in Seattle about two month
g ago of assumption. About three week
IS later his little daughter, Tot died alsc
d tom Finnigan, Of Benton, is living il
Nome; he is city detective" Helen
Herald.
The Dupuyer acantha. [volume] (Dupuyer, Mont.) 1894-1904, 1901-10-10
LOCAL ITEMS.


Subscribe for the ACANTHA.
Tops for the boys, at the drug store.
Get your boots or shoes half soled at
the Dupuyer harness shop.
Mrs. J. v. Davies left for Chsoteau this
morning.
e. E. Leech has returned from a bust
ness trip to Great Falls.
A. NJ. Kennedy Of Choteau visited
Dupuyer this week, for the first time.
James Ferguson the Pondera sheep
man was in Dupuyer this morning.
Charlie English Of Choteau passed
through this morning, on his way to
Birch creeB.
Alfred Harris, Pondera's hustling q En-
chant is transacting business in Dupu-
yer, today,
Willis Nichols came down from Sweet
Grass station to look after some business
matters.
John Hagan passed through town this
week on his way TO St. Peters Mission
with his children who will attend the
school at that place.
Fifteen cars Of cattle we're shipped at
Baltic lrs5 week by the cattlemen Of
Dupuyer and vicinity, and were on the
market at Chicago, early this week.
Jacob Odenwald, for many years with
j. J. Kennedy in the meat market at TT.
Benton, has purchased the fixtures OF
: the City Meat Market, which ne will re-
open in about two weeks.
BIZ. Mathews is visiting with relatives
in Streator, Illinois, and will probably
remain there for some time as his siste r
is in poor health and be viii not leave
until she is out Of danger,
Nick Dodds and Frank Swanson have
returned from the mountains, whre they
made sveral quartz locations Nick has
+. been making great preparations in his
think tank to purchase a yacht in the
spring and take several of his friends a
trip around the world.
A bunch Of nearly 4000 sheep recently
purchased by Jos. Sturgeon from Lar
rabie Bros. of Deer Lodge, passed
, through this week on their way to the
Cut Bank strip where they will be win
tered. They are a fine lot OF sheep and
are in first class order in spite of theil
long journey.
When you have no appetite, do moi
relish your food and feel duh after eat
ing you may know that you need a dose
Of Chamberlain's Stomach and Liver
N Tablets. Price, % cents. Samples free
at Thos. B. Magee's drug store.
Losr:-One brown mare answering tt
the name of Fanny. When last seea, she
. was going toward Pondera with a maj
on her back and a buggy containing tw,
passengers trailing behind. Suppose,
to have passed the night of 9th inst, o.
bunch grass somewhere between j. {
McCuaig's and the Knee Buttes. I
found, put them off at Buff alo.
Phil Clack met with an accident las
week while hauling hay with Die
Shields. They had just thrown off
load and were returning to the iel
when a board upon which Phil was 81
ting, broke causing him to fall under tn
wheels which passed over his back IN
bruised him considerably. He came t
town and was examined by DR.. Wiz
who found no bones broker bat son
A. painful bruises.
The Dupuyer acantha. [volume] (Dupuyer, Mont.) 1894-1904, 1901-10-10
NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS.

Mr.. Richard #. Shields aud Miss Alice
Rutherford were united in matrimony
this evening at the home Of the brides
father, j. @. Rutherford. on Birch creek.
The bride was BORN in this county and
is a young lady Of education and OF more
than the usual natural ability, beloved
and respected by all who have the pleas
ure of her acquaintance. The groom
has lived in this county forthe past six
years and is engaged with j. H. Clack
in the cattle and ranching business on
Birch creek and is esteemed by his
~neighbors as an upright and deserving
young man. The AoANrHA extends its
congratulations to the happy couple and
bespeaks for them a happy and prosper
Gus life.
The Dupuyer acantha. [volume] (Dupuyer, Mont.) 1894-1904, 1901-10-10
DESERT LAND, FINAL PR~ooF.-NoTICE FoR
PUBLICATION.

United States Land Office Helena, Montana.
Sept. 16, 1901.
Notice is hereby given that John ID. Pearson
of Pondera, Teton Co. Mont. Las fled notice
of intention to make proof on his desert-land
claim No. 5121, for the se4 sec. 20, tp. 29n., +. ,
W. before M. S. Darling. u. s. Com'r. at Pom
dera, Mont. on the 1st day Of November, 1891.
John D. Pearson for Ii e No. 1864 for the NJ
sw4 sw4 nw4 sec. q, ne4 sci sec. g, tp. 29n., +.
, W, m. m.
He names the following witnesses to prove
the complete irrigation and reclamation OF
said desert entry and his continuous residence
upon and cultivation of said homestead entry.
George A. Woods. Barney J. Mathews.
James A. Hughes, Charles H. Pearson, OF Pom
dera, Mont.
GEORGE d. GREENE,
Register.
First Publication Aug. 10, 1901.
The Dupuyer acantha. [volume] (Dupuyer, Mont.) 1894-1904, 1901-10-10
Montana People In Alaska.


Many Montana people are living in
Alaska and have met with varying for
tunes in their quest for gold. A. B.
Hamilton at one time sheriff Of Teton
county and several times a member OF
the legislature gives some interesting IN
formation about Montana people in that
section of the world. Mr.. Hamilton has
for several years been associated with
Captain John j. Healy and expects to
leave Great Falls within a week or two
for Dawson City. Speaking OF the Mon
tana people in Alaska MIR. Hamilton
says:
ii cannot remember near all OF the
Montana people [ met during the time
that | was in Alaska, bat [ can remem-
Der a few Of the names and l can say
that Montana people were at the head OF
things everywhere they were found, and
the fact that a man came from Montana
was marked up to him as q credit IL the
land where the nights aud days divide
time and season. AS / say, l can only
remember a few OF those whom | mel
from this state, but their friends may bt
interested in knowing what they are
doing.
Frank Clark formerly clerk for Nc
Namara 6 NARROW at Big Sandy, ha
The Dupuyer acantha. [volume] (Dupuyer, Mont.) 1894-1904, 1901-10-10
First Publication Aug. 10, 1901.
Time to Get Cake
is When it is
Passing"

The time to take life insurance is
when You can get it. One day you are
insurable-the next you came secure
insurance at any prlce. Do you know
when your day will come? Do you
know that it isn't today?
For rates and full particulars apply to
The daily chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Ind. Ter. [Okla.]) 1898-1902, 1901-12-02

Fox Dannenberg and Fair McSpad
den represent Chelsea on the grand
jury list.
Buy a Round OAK Heater and save
fuel and keep warm. They are sold
by Sam r. Frazee & Co.
Ed Lunday, postmaster and mer-
chant Al Chleora, is here in the capac-
ity OF petit juror.
Why write. You can now talk TO
Gaiena, Joplin, Columbus, Baxter
Springs and Weir City over 1.-THE tele-
phone. u
G.. w. Green visited relatives at
Springfield last week, returning home
today.
Frisco Mill Co.'S whole wheat -four
Is the best that can be made, because
IL is made OF the very best wheat by
the latest improved machinery. II
4. w. Young, United States pen
sion agent, is here from Minnesota as
a witness in the Ward case.
Our car load OF heating stoves are
all sold, but have received shipment
by l0c& freight which we will sell al
our usual low prices. Darrough
Hardware Co.
Tne Home Missionary Society OF
the Methodist church will meet with
Mrs. G.. w. Clark tomorrow afternoon
at o'clock.
Don't fail to have your photo
graphic work done while George Il
Hughes are here. There is vast
difference 10 the work they do and
that usually obtained 10 the Indian
Territory. 4s
Dir. Caldwell Pepsin Syrup is pleas
ant 20 take. IL is pleasant laxitive
Sold by Peoples Drug store.
Mrs. ID. NJ. Mars returned from ST
loan Springs on the early morning
train.
The daily chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Ind. Ter. [Okla.]) 1898-1902, 1901-12-02

DO not take DR.. Calowell's Syrup
Pepsin unless You have Constipation
Indigestion, Sickheadache or some
form Of stomach trouble, such as
Dyspepsia, Billiousness or Heartburn
for these are what is guaranteed to
cure. Sold BY Peoples Drug store.
The daily chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Ind. Ter. [Okla.]) 1898-1902, 1901-12-02
A Poor Millionaire.

Lately starved iniLondon because
be could not digest his food. Early
use OF DR.. Kings New Life Pills
would have saved him. They strength
en- the stomgch aid digestion, pro-
mote assimilation, improve appetite.
Price 25c. Money back IL not salts
fed. Sold by Peoples and A. w.
F0reman's drugstore.
The daily chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Ind. Ter. [Okla.]) 1898-1902, 1901-12-02
Sayings.


Smoke McGowan's Cigars.
The last month in the year.
Holiday business Is now on.
Genuine country honey at Balen-
tines.
The Photo Carwas crowded Satur-
day
Keen Kutter Edge Tools at Dar-
rough's.
Take your second hand goods to
Swain's.
Full leather collar for 100 at Lee
Barrett's.
Corn, chops, bran and shorts at F.
G. Cowan's.
Work for Christmas presents at
Balentine's.
Fowler makes no trash, his photos
are the finest.
George & Hughes will be here only
week longer. 4s
Swain will buy your second hand
goods. Try him.
Chickens and butter always ON
hand at Cowan's.
Coles original Hot Blast Heating
stove at Ed Lees.
Edgar Mars returned to school at
Parsons yesterday.
Blanks finest candies at Silver
Moon Restaurant.
Large line Of stove boards, pipe and
elbows at Ed Lees.
The best meals in town are served
at hotel Bluejacket. II
The best hard wheat -four on earth,
Old Glory, at Cowan's.
Fresh bread on hand at lLtimes at
Silver Moon Restaurant.
Freshest fish aud best service at
the New Gem restaurant. u
Introduction prices on new style
photos, very low. Fowler.
John NJ. Taylor, jr.,' is here from
CIaremore as genial as ever.
Sam Frazier and family returned
from Sloan Springs today.
Sam II. Frazee s. Co. have the va
rietg OF goods In their lines.
The juries, both grand and petit,
are made up OF good material.
Elegant new line OF Witmarks sheet
music at the post Office book store
DIR. f. B. Frayser went to his cattle
ranch on upper Cabin creek today.
Joe Lahay, the Claremore attorney,
is among the court visitors.
Another new line OF iron beds just
received at Sam r. Frazee & Co.'S.
Try that Ralston Food az Zeno's,
10 hominy, grits and pancake -four.
Web Van and Watt Mayes we:e
here from Pryor Creek today.
Soft maple trees from 5 TO feet, 10
cents, delivered anywhere in town.
Oar oysters are the best, our service
unexcelled, New Gem restaurant. u
A full line OF Keen Kutter Knives
and axes at Darrough Hardware Co.
w. J. Strange. the Chelsea elevator
man, was among the court visitors.
Fresh fish aud oysters are received
daily at the New Gem restaurant. II
The Tahlequah football team left
big photo order with the Photo Car.
Lafayette Duncan was down from
Alton yesterday transactiug business.
Come and give US guess on our big
stick Of candy at Silver Moon Restau-
rant.
Sam McSpadden is here from Chel-
sea on the regular panel OF the grand
jury. I.
II you are thinking OF buying a
stove see the line at Ed Lees before
buying.
Fowler has ordered a lot more print
ing frames TO rush business that is
now crowding him.
When 10 town just call aud see how
nice and fresh everything looks at
Balentine's.
Cobb Welch, OF Grove. was excused
from service on the grand jury on ac-
The daily chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Ind. Ter. [Okla.]) 1898-1902, 1901-12-02


Want ads not to exceed five lines will be
for IS cents IL you want to buy or sell or
trade. or have lost or found anything. need
help or want work. IL will pay you 10 use
column.
The daily chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Ind. Ter. [Okla.]) 1898-1902, 1901-12-02

Finest selected oysters served ia
any style at New Gem Restaurant. If
The daily chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Ind. Ter. [Okla.]) 1898-1902, 1901-12-02

W. /. Jones, one OF the leading mer-
chants OF Grove, paid this Office
pleasant call today. Mr.. Jones was
excused from service on the grand
jury on account OF sickness in his FAM
f1v
The daily chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Ind. Ter. [Okla.]) 1898-1902, 1901-12-02

For Rent--A neat little four-room cottage
Is near completion on South Wilson street.
property OF Mrs. Ray Oborn. For particu-
lars inquire at silver Moon Restaurant. 81
The daily chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Ind. Ter. [Okla.]) 1898-1902, 1901-12-02

For sale--Three fine young Norman no ares.
with fOal--0ne pair matched. Weight. 1870
pounds about 1h i-2 hands. For particulars
Inquire OF j. b. Turner. 27-tf
The daily chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Ind. Ter. [Okla.]) 1898-1902, 1901-12-02
PROFESSIONAL CARDS.-<

nR. l.. BAGBY,
- PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON.
Office in New Ratcliff Building. Tele-
phone IoI. Vinita, Ind. Ter.
The age-herald., 1901-04-01

No. 2 solid vestibuled train carries Pull man Drawing Room Sleeping Cars Bir- mingham to Cincinnati and from Bir- mingham to New York without change Cafe and Observation Car Attalla, Ala, to Radford. Va, and Chattanooga to Gin cinnati.
 No. carries Pullman Drawing Room Sleeping Car Birmingham to Louisville and Pullman Drawing Boom Sleeping Car Chattanooga to CinciI-nati; also free Re- clining Chair Car Chattanooga to Cin- cnnati.
 No 1 solid vestibuled train has through Pullman Sleepers Birmingham to New Orleans and Birmingham to Shreveport Dining Car, serving meals a la carte. vicksburg to Shreveport. Direct connec- ton at Shreveport with lines diverginr for Texas, Mexico, California and the West.
 FRANK S. CANNON, General Mana
 ger, Washington. D. c.
 S. H. HARDWICK, G. P. A, Washing
 to1,. D. c.
 c. A. BENSCOTER, A. G. P. A., Chat
 tanooga, Tenn.
 J. C. LUSK. T. P. A.. Birmingham. Ala.
The age-herald., 1901-04-01
FEVER|SH TONE IN
 STOCK MARKET Violent Manipulation Was in Evidence Frequently SOME HEAVY REALIZING Tennessee Coal and Iron Made Sharp Advance, Together With Lake Erie and Western-Bears Sold
 the Market Heavily.
SOME HEAVY REALIZING

New York. March 30.-There was few erish tone in the stock market throughout todays two hour session, and violent manipulation was in evidence from time to time to check reactionary tendency. Heavy realizing was manifested in the opening deals, especially in Burlington, Northern Pacific and the United States Steel stocks. These stocks manifested their recent prominence in the trading so that their downward course had cor respondingly large effect upon the gen. eral market Burlington was bid up sud- denly to IF over last night, about midway of the session, touching record price or 176ih, but it quickly fell back under the flood of realizing offerings and closed with only fractional net gain There was violent rise at the same time in the local traction stocks. Lake Erie and Western and Tennessee Coal. Realizing has already affected these advances pe- fore the appearance of the bank state ment. The bears sold the market on the large inroads made upon the surplus re- serves of the banks, and caused declines
 
 porting orders were met and the rally was made effective by a sudden and violent rise in Rock Island to 136 an advance Of 6N points over last night Atchison was marked up 1N at the same time. A re- vival of old rumors of a combination De- tween the two systems accompanied the advance Rock Island fell back sharply ,,d fh. Of the mar ket was feverish and irregular; profit taking being noticed in force at some points in the list.
 There were wide advances in number of high-grade and usually active stocks during the week, including Lackawana' Morris and Essex, Pullman and Colo rado Fuel preferred, running from 3A to 10 points, the latter figure for Colorado Fuel preferred. The decline in the cash reserve of the banks was less than had been estimated, but the loan expansion of S6, 118, 800 made additional reserve re- quirements, and so encroached on the surplus.
 Another eventful week has passed in the stock market with very animated and varied speculation in full swing. The daily average of transactions has run well over a million shares of stock, and over $0,UUU,UU III par Ndiuc oi pohoo' AHSi has been a constant digestion of specula- ton profits on very large scale, and this has encouraged the bear party to go short of the market occasionally in the confi- dence that the continuation of the rise had been reached, and that they would have good opportunity to cover their short contracts.
 The strength of the bond market has not been so conspicuous and so general this week. but points of strength have continued to develop.
 United States refunding 2s coupon ad- yanced 1a, and the 3s, old and new As. A per cent over the closing call of last week.
 New York Stock Market.
 By Private Wire to Murphy & Co.
The age-herald., 1901-04-01

will not only save you distressing pam and valuable time. but will cost you less money. There Is also a satisfaction in knowing that the very best possible treat ment Is being given to you by compe- tent physician, who has experience m such matters, and is capable Of curlne you in the quickest and most perfect manner possible. I have treated private diseases as a speciality for the past III. teen years in the city of Birmingham ana am therefore known to great many But if you are not acquainted with me refer you with permission to First Na- tional Bank. Alabama National Bank: Jefferson County Savings Bank ana Steiner Bros. Bankers. as to my respoh- sibility for my contracts. I cure many patients by mail treatment, Write TOT prices and terms. Address Dr. T. E. Hoi- loway. 1s011k Second avenue. Birmingham Ala
 Office. Second avenue and Eighteenth, opposite postoffice.
 Office Hours-S:30 a. m. to 5:3o p. m. Sundays. 10 a. m. to 12 m.
The age-herald., 1901-04-01
Cotton Letter,

New York, March 30.-Cotton declined in Liverpool today 3-32d on spots, mid ding 1s-32d Sales 5000 bales. Futures were about 55sd lower and closed at tho lowest price. Liverpool advancedh point yesterday and this market closed at de- cline of to 10 points, and professionals expected about to points decline in Liverpool today.
 The Chronicle comes in sight September 1 with 8,75O,000 bales, against SIPS, 900 a year ago, and makes the worlds visible supply of all kinds 100000. against 2,5O0,- GOO last year and 5,250,00 the year before
 Cotton opened 10 to 16 points lower on disappointing Liverpool news and liQui- dating sales, but the decline was availed of for covering bear sales and also att tracted new buying hence the market gradually recovered. If the outgoing shipments in the near future are any where near as large as predicted our stock should run down considerably this srriny.
 Estimated port receipts 19,000 against 5000 last year. New Orleans expects on Monday 5000, against 1898 last year; Hous- ton expects 60O0, against 902 last year.
The age-herald., 1901-04-01
OIL IN KENTUCKY.
Company Has Made Big Strike In
 Wayne County.

Knoxville, Tenn, March 30.-A special to the Journal and Tribune from Somer- set Ky, says that company which has been prospecting for oil in Wayne Coun- ty, Kentucky has made a good strike at a depth of 500 feet. Two hundred bar rels overflowed rapidly and ran to waste before it could be stopped. The National Transit Company, who are on the Somer set and Slickford pipe line. have ordered a large tank placed at this well. The new pipe line is proposed to build from Somer set to Fentress, Tenn, and will pass through Wayne County. This new find, 1t is believed, will lead to its speedy con struction. Great excitement has been created by this recent find, and several local companis are being organized to sink shafts in that vicinity.
 The successful prospectors are of the opinion that there can be found at about 1000 feet a greater flow than has yet been secured. The oil is of good quality and is being taken by the leading oil companies.