davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Smyrna times., 1901-01-16
TWENTIETH CENTURY CLUB.
Addressed Friday Afternoon by Rev. Vaughn
S. Collins of Dover Conference Academy
on "Our Debt to Holland"

Despite the fact that Friday was a
rainy day. goodly number of men,
bers, including visitors, turned out to
the meeting of the Twentieth Century
Club, the principle feature of which
was the address: "Our Duty to Hol-
land' by Rev. Vaughn Smith Collins of
Wilmington Conference Academy,
Dover, Delaware. The program was
given as follows:
Vocal solo-"Scene of Boyhood Days"-Miss
Hette Megear.
Paper-"A New Year aud New Century"-Mrs
instrumental soio-"n pesidered," (Cramer)-
Mis-. COverdale
AddreSS-"Our Debt to HOLLAND" Vaughn
S. Collins Dover.
Rev. J. L. Estlin will address the
club upon the History of Holland, "
at the rooms of the Twentieth Century
Club next Friday, Jan. 18th, at 3.3
O'Clock. Admission Is cents.
The address of the afternoon "Our
Debt to Holland by Rev. Vaughn S.
Collins of Conference Academy, Dover,
was exceptionally fine showing schOl-
arly thought and careful research. 1t
was interesting to us in that it showed
how many of customs one derived from
the Dutch. Both in our homes and il
our Government do we show strong
evidences OF Dutch influence. Oul
Declaration of Independence bears
strong resemblance to one drawn III
in the Netherlands several centurie!
before.
The address was one of unusua
ability, and it was a universally ex
pressed regret that the inclemency o
the weather prevented large attend
ance.
Smyrna times., 1901-01-16
FOR IMPROVING DISTRICT SCHOOLS
State Principals Association Approves of
the Action of the State Board of Educa-
tiOn For Increasing School Funds.

At recent meeting of the Della
ware State Principals Association,
hearty approval was given to the rec
Ommendation offered by the State
Board of Education to the Legislature
now in session, for the increase and
proper distribution of school funds.
The following resolution was adopted:
Res0lCed, That it is the expression of the
State Principals Association of Delaware
that the recommendation offered by the
State Board of Education to the Legislature
now in session with reference to the increase
and proper distribution of school funds is
considered most satisfactory and desirable
and further, that our body do what we can
to secure the passage of the same"
The recommendation referred to is
to the effect that provision be made
for uniform distribution of the School
funds and that this distribution be
$235 for each teacher employed pro-
vided not less than an ambition of 800
be raised by each school for each
teacher employed. To make such dis
tribution it will be necessary to appro-
pirate $15,O or 100000 more than is
now appropriated and will enable any
school in the State to run at least 10
months.
Smyrna times., 1901-01-16
REV. VAUGHN COLLINS CALLED.
Asked to Succeed Rev. c. A. Hill as Pastor
of Asbury NJ. E. Church.

The members of the Official Board
of the M. E. Church, were called to-
gether Monday afternoon, at the in
stance of the committee appointed to
select pastor to succeed Rev. G. A.
Hill for the next Conference year. The
committee had been unable to fix on
man, but presented the names of sew
eral ministers for this place. After
discussing the especial needs of the
church at this time, a resolution was
adopted without dissenting vote in
the Official Board, directing the com
mittee to communicate with Rev.
Vaughn S. Collins of the Conference
Academy, Dover, and he was written
to yesterday.
Smyrna times., 1901-01-16
KENT RURAL DELIVERY.
Now an Assured Thing aud New System
Will Be Put in Operation Soon.

Rural free delivery of mails now as
surred, as w. c. Smith, one of the
Governments inspectors, is in Dover
now and several more inspectors will
be there in few days, to lay out the
routes, appoint carriers and arrange
all business connected with said de-
livery. There are to be fort three
routes in the county. Every farm
house will be served. One of the
most important rules is this: ''NO
mail shall be placed by the carriers
in box that is not weatherproof and
no letters deposited there for mailing
must be taken out of said box if said
letters are at all damp" Quite nnm-
Der of metal boxes have been devised
and some of them patented for use in
this line
Smyrna times., 1901-01-16
HIGH SCHOOL LITERARY SOCIETY.
Program Of Friday Afternoon as Reported
by Ayres J. StOckIy.

An excellent program was rendered
by the Literary Society of the Smyrna
High School Friday afternoon. The
program was rendered:
Reading-"My Wife's Jelly'-Lacey Herdesty.
Recitation Never Again"-Harry Garrison.
Readng-"Three Friends'-Miss Eva Foxwell.
Essay-aAn Old Attic'-Mss Fannie Cameron.
Recitation-"Only Song"-Miss Lulu Bobin-
son.
Essay-"Ink"-Baynard Fowler.
Rectaiion-"The Eye That Never Sleeps
Miss Bessie Jones,
The Paper-By Miss Gertrude Bell
The question for debate was: Re-
solved, "That more knowledge can be
obtained by travelling than by read
ing. 1st affirmative Miss Muriel Jan
uey, assistant, Miss Bessie Warner
LIST negative, Miss Helea Start, assis-
tant, Miss Irma Lewis. The debate
was decided in favor ef the affirmative,
Smyrna times., 1901-01-16
FAREWELL PARTY TO MRS. TRUAX.
Delightful Evening Afforded at the Hospital
ity of Mrs. Marion COyerdaIe.

Mrs. Marion Coverdale entertained
few friends on Thursday evening
last in honor of Mrs. John l.. Truax.
Mrs. Truax left with her husband and
son on Monday for Cambridge Mary
land where they will take up their re-
sidence. The party though limited
to few friends was enjoyable to the
extreme and served its purpose as a
parting farewell" Games and music
made up the entertainment after which
delightful supper was served in the
dining room. Those present were:
Mrs. John L. Truax, Mrs. Thomas
Wilson, Mrs. Marion Coverdale, Miss
Hilda Wells, Miss Nellie Taylor, Miss
Hettie Richards and Miss Elizabeth
Hall.
Smyrna times., 1901-01-16
PRETTY MIDDLETOWN WEDDING.
Miss Elizabeth Parker, Daughter of Mr.. and
Mrs. J. c. arker, Married TO Mr. Levi
G. Sterner-Smyrna Represented.

At the Bethesda NJ. E. Church,
Thursday evening at eight O'Clock,
Miss Elizabeth Clark Parker became
the wife of Levi Gundy Sterner The
bride is the eldest daughter of Mr..
and Mrs. Joseph c. Parker, and the
groom is leading merchant of Cam
den, Del. Rev. E. M. Caswell per-
formed the ceremony. Mr.. W. c.
Conwell, of Baltimore, was best man
and the maid of honor was Miss E.
Raymond Lank of Philadelphia. Miss
Anna NJ. Walton of Philadelphia; Miss
NJ. Edythe Beck and Miss Katherine
Beckett, of Smyrna; Miss Dora Price,
of Middletown, were bridesmaids.
Mrs. j. @. Sites was matron of honor,
and Esther Reed of Smyrna, was
flower girl. The ushers were Julian
L. Cooper, Philadelphia; w. A
Hukill of Middletown; Fred L. Clark,
of Camden, and Cornelius Frear, Jr. 3,
of Dover. Miss Anna Lambert of Cen
treville, Nd, played the wedding
march, using "Lohengrin" for the
professional and "Mendelssohn" for
recessional. During the service go
Promise Me" was softly played
The church was beautifully deco
rated for the occasion and despite the
inclement weather, many attended the
| aarapnOOu which v,oC ono Of tho Y1raf
tiest ever solemnized in Middletown.
The contracting parties being we'll
known throughout the State, made the
wedding of much social interest.
The bride was becomIngly gowned
in white crepe -de-chene with mouse.
lire and lace trimmings, en- train will
veil caught with hyacinths. She car
ried brides roses. The matron o
honor wore mousseline over white silk
the maid of honor, pale green lans
| dOwne, with velvet and lace trim
mings, and the two brides maids il
the lead, wore point d'esprit over
| green, and the two in the rear, poin
d'esprit over pink.
A reception was held at theresidenc'
of the brides parents, South Broat
street, where many friends gathered
to congratulate the couple and to wisl
them many years of happy life. Mr.
and Mrs. Sterner left on the 1875
train, ostensibly for a trip south, bu
instead got off at Wyoming and drov,
to their home in Camden.
Smyrna times., 1901-01-16
MISS HOFFECKER ENTERTAINS.
Evening Company Given in Honor of Miss
Caroline fioffecker OF Wilmington.

Caroline Hoffecker of Wilmington.
Miss Bertha Hoffecker entertained a
company of friends on Saturday evening
in honor of her cousin, Miss Caroline
Hoffecker of Wilmington. The enter
tainment was Novelty Party" which
in its different stages of progression af-
forded much amusement. There were
six tables. At the first it was ''Thrad-
ing Needles; second, Lifting pota-
toes with a Spoon; third, "Game of
Authors; fourth, "Anagrams"; fifth,
fSewing on Buttons; and sixth, Eat
ing Gum-drops," the latter suspended
OH string having to be drawn up
to the mouth without the use of hands
or any other agency. The contest.
ridiculous sometimes to the extreme,
ended in Miss Nettie Tschudy winning
ladies prize and Mr.. Clarence B. Ray
mond, gentleman's prize. 'Consola-
ton prizes" were awarded to Miss
| Caroline Hoffecker and Mr.. Harry g.
| Tschudy.
Among those present we're: Miss
Caroline Hoffecker, George L. Town
send, Jr., ESQ.,, of Wilmington; Mr..
and Mrs. Robert H. Denney, Mr.. and
Mrs. Harry G. Tschudy, Miss Nettie
Tschudy, Miss Elizabeth Denney,
Miss Katherine Beckett, Miss Bertha
Smithers, Miss Alyce Spruance, Miss
Eunice Anthony, Miss Mary Anthony,
Miss Ethel Cooper, Miss Bertha Hof-
fecker; Messrs. John LeFevre, Hirons
Denney, Clarence Raymond, Samuel
Hoffecker, G. Davis Brown, William
G.. Anthony, J. Newell Lloyd, R. d.
Hoffecker, Jr., and Charles J. Sudler
Smyrna times., 1901-01-16
GRAND ARMY POST INSTALLATION
0fficers.eIect of Hancock Post Smyrna take
the Oath of Office.

Senior Vice Commander John Garner
of Department Encampment of Del,
G. A. Il. installed the officers-elect of
Gen. w. S. Hancock Post, No. 30,
Department of Delaware G.. A. R., on
Thursday, Jan. 3, 1901, at the Post
Headquarters in Smyrna as follows:
Commander, L. T. Davis; Senior Vice
Commander, T. Davis; Junior Vice
Commander, VIM. Broadway; Officer
of-the-Day, S. W. Ransom; Oficer-of-
Guard, w. T. Tucker; Quartermaster,
J. Garner; Quartermaster Sergeant,
John Reihm; Chaplain, G. w. Tilgh-
man; AdJutant, c. B. Archer; Sar-
geant Major, Silas Thompson; Sur
geon, Chas. Shreff'ller; Sentinel, VIM.
Green. By order of Commander l..
! T. DAVIS and Adjutant C. B. Archer
Smyrna times., 1901-01-16
IMPROVEMENT OF SMYRNA STREETS.
Street Committee of Town Council Authorized
to Purchase Stone aud Oyster Shells.

Street Committee of Town Council Authorized
to Purchase Stone aud Oyster Shells.
At the regular NEE ting of the Town
Council of the town of Smyrna last
Friday evening, the Street Commit
tee, Councilman Joseph H. Wright,
chairman, was authorized to purchase
2000 bushels of oyster shells and one
car load of crushed stone for the i'm
provement of the streets and thorough
fares of Smyrna. The streets are in
comparatively good condition and the
sentiment of the Council was to con-
tinue to keep them so. The new
oyster shells and stone will be used
for filling the low depressions.
At the meeting, all the members
were present except Councilmen
Wright and Rawley. Alderman Grow
submitted his monthly report, show
ing $3.50 collected for fines and
passed over to the Town Treasurer,
E. V, Cooper. Bills of J. r. Hudson,
$16.66; Charles Warner Company,
$1O1. 40; and the Philadelphia, Will
mington & Baltimore Railroad,
$156.S3; a total of $274.99, were al
lowed.
On motion of Councilman Reynolds,
the secretary, was authorized to not
ify Mrs. John G. Stockly to repair the
pavement of her property corner of
Main and Mt. Vernon streets, tenure
of w. E. Hall & Son.
Smyrna times., 1901-01-16
LARGE SHIPMENTS OF POULTRY.
Q uantities are Shipped From This Section
Nearly Every Trip of Steamer Brady.

The Steamer Brady is taking large
quantities of poultry, mostly alive,
nearly every trip. The wonder is
where it all comes from. 1t is evident
that from the shipments of stock, poul-
try, calves, eggs, fruit &C., that this
section of the country is producing
much more than it used to. In the
old days of wheat and corn farming
the cereal crops were almost entirely
relied on except for what was traded at
the stores but now the farmers have
something to turn into money almost
every week. There is not near the
credit asked for as was formerly the
case, the best proof of this being in
terms announced on so many vendue
bills terms cash.
Smyrna times., 1901-01-16
ICE MEN ANxIOUSLY CONCERNED.
Winter Half Gone Without Offering a Much
Needed Ice Harvest.

The first of last week, on our ponds,
ice mode three or four inches but sof-
tened enough through the daytime
Monday and Tuesday as to be con-
sidered unfit for housing. The
warm rains of Wednesday, Thurs
doy and Friday entirely melted what
there was and the ice crop is matter
OF considerable doubt, seeing that the
winter is half gone and the days length
ening. At Milford 800 or 400 tons were
gathered the first two days of last
week.
Smyrna times., 1901-01-16

Col. Nelds. William S. Hilles, and
Judge G. Gray each received one vote.
The Democrats have finished, that is
they have resolved to act as a unit
The pledge guarantees that the TWEEN
ty-two Democratic votes are to be
cast as unit all the time and at no
time for two republicans. No deal
that does not embrace one Democrat
for United States Senator will be con-
sidered by the entire twenty-five men.
This is the verdict that came from the
last Democratic caucus held but there
is string hanging out which really
means they are ready to do business at
any time if the business means a
Democratic Senator.
The Union Republicans of the Gen
eral Assembly recognizing themselves
as the real Republicans of Delaware,
went into caucus Monday night and ar
rived at the following conclusion:
"That we will vote for J. Edward
Addicks for United States Senator for
either the long term or the short term
until he shall be elected.
Smyrna times., 1901-01-16
Revival Services In Progress.

Extra meeting are being held at
both the Presbyterian and Methodist
churches. At the latter three person
joined the church on probation Sun
da~.
Smyrna times., 1901-01-16
MRS. JOHN LOCKERMAN DEAD.
Funeral Largely Attended Monday Afternoon
Enterment Odd Fellows Cemetery

Mrs. Annie Lockerman wife of
John LOckerman residing near Green
Spring died on Friday age 81 year
and was buried on Monday afternoon
at Odd Fellows Cemetery Her
maiden names was Miss Annie Rawley
daughter of VIM. Rawley of Thorough
Neck. She acted as orgnIst of Friend
ship church during the pastorate of
Rev. l.. w. Layfeld who offiiciated at
the services Monday afternoon at the
home aud interment in Odd Fellows
Cemetery this town. Mr.. and Mrs.
LOckerman were married in March
last year: She leaves an infant 70 days
old which is being cared for by Mrs.
VIM. L. David. The funeral was very
largely attended.
Death of Gilbert S. Dawson.
Gilbert S. Dawson, son of Mr.. w.
H. Dawson of Philadelphia, and grand
son of Mrs. Elizabeth Smithers of this
town, died Monday afternoon in the
twenty-fourth year of his age. Death
was due to consumption. About a
year ago he was taken with the grip
which developed into consumption.
He was young man of sterling quail
ties and his death, coming as it does in
early manhood, is regretted by large
number of his relatives and friends.
Interment will take place in St.
Georges cemetery, near Kirkwood, to-
morrow, Immediately after the arrival
of the noon train south.
Mrs. James K. OrreII Dead.
Mrs James X. Orrell died at Middle
town on Monday after long sickness
with consumption. She grew mp and
was well known In this vicinity. The
remains will be brought down in the
train tomorrow. After funeral SER
vices at one o'clock at the residence of
her brother Geo. 7. Thompson, near
town, the remains will be conveyed tc
to Odd Fellows Cemetery for inter
ment.
Smyrna times., 1901-01-16
BALLOTING FOR. UNITED
STATES SENATORS BEGUN
DELAWARE REPUBLICAN FACTIONS FAIL
TO COME TOGETHER AT CAUCUS.
Vote in Separate Sessions Yesterday. Addicks
Gets Full Support of Union Republicans
Regulars Scatter Complimentary Votes.

Monday night was the time desig-
mated for the caucus of the two par
ties for United States Senators from
Delaware The two wings of Della
ware failed to come together at the Sen
atorial caucus and a deadlock appears
probable. Sixteen Union Republicans
met and voted for Addicks. Anti-Ad-
dicks Republicans held no caucus.
Democrats nominated Willard Sauls-
bury and Richard r. Kenney.
In the vote in the Legislature yes
terday the vote was as follows:
The vote for United States Senators
in the Delaware Legislature Tuesday
brought out no surprises except that
Richard Kenney lacked but two votes
of being elected for the long term and
Willard Salisbury was but one vote
behind KenDey. This state of affairs
was caused by the absence of three Re-
publicans, Senator McFarlane and Rep
resentatives Ewing and Kitchens.
L he vote for the full term to succeed
Kenney follows:
Smyrna times., 1901-01-16

Judge Spruance, Ex-senator Hig
gins, Levi G Bird each received one
vote i'll the House.
For short term:
Smyrna times., 1901-01-16

CONTINUED ON FIFTH PAGE.
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1901-03-24
WIND, FIRE AND A BOY.
navy the Elements Helped Tommy to
Effect "A Gallant Rescue.
I,r NJ Il Gaze

Effect n Gallant Rescue.
BY M. B. Cage.
.,1 recon that'n teach the old fellow a
thing or two"
YOU bety was the emphatic response
"Gentlemen," commented the third
member of the group in a tone of finality.
enough talk Let's ride. Eff we don't our
critters'n switch their tails off fighting
the flies"
With a generous discharge of tobacco
mice the three men got upon their feet
and lounged across the dusty grass plot
10 the hitching post.
The storekeeper, browsing with his
chair tilted back against the counter
,ut one foot to the floor as ne leaned
forward to watch their retreating figures.
II wonder what them boys been NUT
tering about" he said to himself Some
mischief, I'll be bound"
No sooner had the sound of creaking
leather given notice that the horsemen
we're in the saddle than An old trash bar
rel propped against the end of the store
showed signs of violent agitation, sudden
" rolling over on its side to disgorge
heterogeneous mass Of dead leaves
waste paper and small boy. There was a
gathering together of arms and legs,
scramble, a leap, the noiseless rush of
barefeet, and Tommy, with staring eyes
and a red face, was making time down
the road, putting all the space available
between himself and the disappearing
borsemen. To his frightened imagination
they doomed as giants at his back Anoth-
er boy trotted in the dust ahead of him.
He, Kissing from between his curved
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1901-03-24

ness was somewhat embarrassed in his
treatment of an old acquaintance. and
taxing into consideration the extreme
closeness of the day and the imperfect
ventilation of the prisoners quarters. had
geven him the run of the builidng-under
surveillance.
1hough, as country boy, trained In
the ways of riders and their mouths, Tom
my knew the rangers could not reach the
settlement before six O'clock, as trumpeter
Tor the Christian hosts,' he made fire.
quent expeditions to the top of the Hill to
search the perspective for hurrying horse
men.
The hill-it would have been merely
a mound in more rolling country-was
the only elevation for many miles. Wild
cat wood lay at the foot of the declivity
on one side; on the other, in a bend of
the creek, stood the settlement Stretch
ing around and beyond was the great fat
prairie, the southern horizon line black
with the cinders left by the fire, as the
names crept stealthily over the sun-dried
grass, and the smoke mounted lazily in
the still air.
with no wind and no likelihood of any
IRON dangerous quarter at this season
OF the year the settlement and it's ada
cent ranges lay in security behind the
barrier of the dry bed of the creek.
The stage from Eaglepass bringing the
weekly mail was due at o'clock. Long
before the hour the cowboys, who acted
as volunteer postmen for the ranches, had
begun to assemble in the neighborhood
or the store, for the storekeeper was post
master as we'll AS these stalwart, bronz-
ed Fellows, in their SLOUGH hats and fan
mel shirts, booted and spurred, with pis-
tolls in their hip pockets and oaths in
their mouths, dismounted hitched their
horses and gravitated into groups sur
rounding Jones or Thompson. Tommy 8
heart sank within him, the rangers SEEM
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1901-03-24

lie hung his head. dropping behind his
companions ~ the path through the
wood.
Dick. stopping 10 look back. glanced
from one ~ the othor Of the boys a. ha
asked. (which Of YOU youngsters n AZ
the bottom Of this bpEineaeY'
Tommy" shouted the other boy.
"ilOw old afe you, Tommy" asked
Doh
Most twelve" came the answer Ia a
Opposed Voice.
ny gum. kl5 Tor . yoarlinF. you've
done pretty well. You've stamDodcd ths
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1901-03-24

whole herd. Whom the boys get the bit
between their teeth they run further than
they mean 10 sometimes and there's no
knowing what might a happened n you
hadn't come up in dime. Hold up your
head Don't you ever be ashamed ~ try
ing 10 help q fellow critter, especially n
bes ola ana pore and got no friends. ANA
some ~ these days. when ! want 10 make
belirYf I'm a man ill borrer your name
90 Keep me- company"
Tommy threw back his shoulders as
h. WRksd
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1901-03-24

Called beyond The possibility Of endur
ance he pointed his chin ~ the oulprit
with "a sarcastic "smarticy'
Tommy deieoied M spirit. let the m
suit pass unn0tCod. Tine excitement 81
the DAY had ended in collapse IT'S giapts
had been only windmiia The o0w1oyd
had meant no harm hn0 be- had tried tn
Interfere with fhe legiimnte exercise n
their rights.
prclefsi.4i lynohings iN brighten rus-
D. rfel offender er 49, sthe community ~
bh.losinsis aa-sti~rs-'ys~rverot without He.
ctlenf. even m h.a experience,
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1901-03-24
DICK turned % him with a gin.

IA for you, yOungster, all that's the
matter with you is, you've entirely too
much human nature 10 carry around"
liy hiH time they had reached the edge
of tho wood. ana felt the fun force %
the wind. bot BIZ drops o. fuln wers
peltng back the duet clouds. II would
b. black n0rfher
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1901-03-24

Miss hing ia such . cultured glri."
"Why do yon cay thatf"
''fhe oan BE- 80 rude iu ths poiitcsi sag
you eyer saW.-cbicaG3 Record.
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1901-03-24
From Women Cured by Mrs. Pinkham.

"DEAR MRS. PNKHAM II write TO thank Won
for the good Lydia e. Pinkham's Vegetable
Compound and Sanative Wash have done mo-
1t is now six years since 1 was taken sick I
had falling of the womb and ovarian trouble
/ suffered untold pains; sometimes was so bad
that thought could not live. used the Vege-
table Compound steadily for some months and
am now well. If you like, you may use my
letter for the benefit of others MISS KATIE P.
JUNGLAs, New Salem, Mich.
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1901-03-24

PNKHAM:-I Of
praise valuable
tell what your medicine did my / weak
and would have bad hemorhag
for not attend family suffered beyond
scpon physician said could well without
which refused to have tried all kinds medicine they
good friend Pinkams Vegetable
the
Of health Ihope that all suffering will your medicine
MRS ELLA LoSG, 1888 Pearl Brdgetown N. J..
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1901-03-24

DEAR MRS PINKHAM:-I have been so delighted
with your Vegetable Compound thought | would
write and thank you. My system was entirely run
down suffered with terrible backache in the small
of my back and could hardly stand upright; was
more tired in the morning than retiring at night
Vegetable Compound have gained fifteen pounds,
and am gaining every week. My appetite has inn
proved, have no backache, and look better than
ever looked before. shall recommend it TO all my
friends, it certainly is wonderful medicine -
MRS. E. +. MORTON, s26 York St, Cincinnati, o.