The Montgomery advertiser., 1901-07-28
CORRECT ENGLISH
 AND HOW TO USE IT.
By Josephine Turck Baker.
ARTICLE II. The Norman Conquest.

py bUS thNoSeSaA SS s"-~
 under Julius Caesar o6 E. c. one hundred years later, 45 A. D., the Celts were conQuere0 by the Romans under Ciadius.
 The Celte were barbaric race, the infallible slgn or their barbarity being me tattoons of their bodies. At the time of the Roman conquest many CeIts ned to the mountainous regions or scotland and Wales. 1ne rest were subdued by the Romans, became civilized and adopted the language and the customs of the conquerors.
 In the nth century, England having been under Roman rule for over 4G0 years, the Roman troops were recalled to Rome to protect the western empire against the Goths and Vandais, who were threa ,enfng it's Instructions. When the Roman troops left England the descendants uf the barbaric Celts who had fled to Scotland and Wales at the time of the Roman conquest came down upon the Romanized Celts and endea- vorded to recover the possessions Of their ancestors. The Romanized Celts were unable to cope with them and So called for assistance upon Angles, Saxons and Jutes, the Teutonic tribes from Schleswig- H olstein, in the north ern part of Germany, and from Jut- land, now known as Denmark. Instead of assisting the Romanized Celts, they conquered them, drove back the bar barrie Celts to the fastnesses of Scotland and Wales and finally succeeded in es- tablishing themselves in England and is driving the Romanized Celts farther and farther west until those who were not extermniated were driven as far west as Cornwall, the most western section of England. The Romanlzed Celts dropped the Latin language, using in the main the Celtic. and until the present century the people of Cornwall spoke the Celtic language. The last person who spoke 1t was Dolly Fem | treath. who died in the early part or l the present century.
 Slight Influence.
 The influence was comparatively ! slight one-yiz., in the names of places. 1 Some of the places in England still ] bear the impress of Roman influence. Lincoln-"coln" Is from the l.aSin l colonia. meaning colony. Lancaster, | Worcester, Dorchester are from the Latin castra, meaning camp.
 The fifth century is the date of the advent on English soil of the Angles, l Saxons and Jutes, who subsequently adopted the name of the Anglo Saxon race. So the real history of the Eng fish people does not begin until tLe | fifth century, for the former inhabi- | tants of England, the Celts, were Tir- tually displaced by the Angio-Saxons. In the sixth century they were con- verted to Christianity by St. Angus | tine. who came from Rome, and, as Latin became the spoken and written language of the church and monastery, | ,,ooa,r f Tn vyordS yUora received at tha i time into the Anglo-Saxon language. The words related chiefly to ecclesias- tical matters. The following are some of the words referable to that period: Temple, from Latin templum; choir, | from Latin chorus; nun, from Latin l norma; saint, from Latin sanctus; chalice, from Latin calix; psalter, from Latin psalterum; tunic. from Latin tunica.
 In the ninth century the Danes in | vaded England, but owing to the valor of King Alfred were only able to make a temporary conquest. A slight in- fiuence was produced on the English language in names of places such as | Whitby, from the Danish Hvitby. Many names of places ending in by are referable to the Danish invasion.
 French Impress.
 1 " lllldUl IHG lLOIIl | Normandy, a province in the northern part of France. He entered England for the purpose of occupying the throne, it having been conferred upon | him by Edward the Confessor shortly
 before his death. The Anglo-Saxons contested the rights of William. which contest resulted in the famous battle of | Hastings, in the year 1865. in which
 William won and received the title of
 William the Conqueror. This was the final contest of England and Is known
 in history as the Norman conquest.
 When William the Conqueror came
 from Normandy he introduced into
 England French manners, customs and
 language. One hundred and fifty years
 before the Roman conquest the Morse
 men from Scandinavia descended upon
 the north part of France, conquered
 the inhabitants and gave to the country
 the name of Normandy CNorsemen) bu
 instead of imposing the Scandinavian
 language upon the conquered the con-
 Querors adopted the French language
 the language of the conquered. Sc
 when William the Conqueror entered
 England 150 years later French was
 the only language spoken by him and
 his retainers. For nearly 300 yeare
 these two peoples. the Anglo-Saxon on one side and the French on the other
 remained side by side without inter-
 mingling to any great extent, and in | consequence the Anglo o-Saxon language
 was but little affected by French !n- fiuence. The Anglo-Saxons felt bit | ter toward the Normans for usurpine
 their power and the Normans tell | superior to the crude Anglo SaxOns
 but after a time intermarriages took
 place, they began to have mutual in-
 terests, so the old bitterness wore away and in the course of tune the Anglo
 Saxons adopted a large number of | words from the French language.
 Added to Vocabulary.
 The consequence was that at the time of Chaucers s appearance in the held of | poetic literature we find vast number of French words in his "Canterbury Tales" It must be remembered that at no time did the English people adopt the French language, they simply 1 added to their vocabulary vast num- Der of French words.
 Thus the great majority of words of Latin origin are traceable not to the | Roman conquest, but to that of Will | liam the Conqueror, which introduced | Norman French. But 1t must be borne | in mind that the ancient French lan- | guage was simply a corrupt form of | Latin. The Romans, under Julius l Caesar, having conquered France, or what was then known as Gaul, impos- | ed their language upon the inhabitants. | These people were of Celtic origin, but called themselves Gauls, and in trying | to speak the Latin language they cor