The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??, 1901-01-01

est Need OF Southern Education" Prof.
Harrison Randolph of the College OF
Charleston. s. C.. on The Private Col
lege and Public School" and Chancellor
Kirkland. of Vanderbilt, on The State in
Education.
In the department Of norman schools,
Prof p. p Ciaxton. OF the State Normal
ana Industrial College OF North Carolina.
spoke on THE Function of the Normal
school"
Some of the departments did not hold
meetings.
when, tonight. the session con
vened in general session. the
largest crowd yet assembled was
present. Professor C. T Winston. OF the
North Carolina Agricultural and Mechan'-
cal College, spoke on industrial Educa-
ton a the South" And Dr.. Paul Bar
ringer, OF the University of Virginia. on
Education Of the Negro in the South.
PRESIDENT WINSTON'S ADDRESS
President Winston referred to education
and machinery as the two great forces OF
modern life. and said the South for one
hundred years maintained an INDUSTRIAL
system that rendered the full employ
ment of these forces impossible. The
long sectional contest that eliminated in
the Civil War was neither political. So
cial nor legal, but, at bottom, industrlal.
q struggle between the educated YANKEE
mechanic astride the steam engine ana
the educated Southern planter carrying
On his shoulders the ignorant negro slave.
Had the South possessed equal resources
and skill, he said. the boys in gray under
Lee and jackson would have been irwin
chile. not only by the North, but by the
world. He continued in part a. follows;
.Tlo of he
overthrow in war; the revival OF old IN
dustries and the establishment OF new,
the accumulation of wealth, and the null
tiplication Of schools, colleges and uni
versities are the admiration and the won
der of the world. But there is nothing
wonderful about it. The people who were
great with slavery and unskilled labor
are become greater with freedom ana
education The apparent emancipation OF
the negro slave was the real emancipation
of the Southern white.
| But the development of the South is
| only begun. We are travelling in the
right direction but we have not travelled
| far. We must quicken our pace, or we
| shall fall behind in the worlds Industrial
| race AS vet our products chiefly
| raw material of course and cheap fabrics.
| We are winning our way by cheap pro-
| ducts, cheap labor and long hours or
work; but the day may come when cheap
| er labor. and cheaper products, and lon
| ger hours elsewhere Will drive us from
| the field. Cheap labor is abundant in
! South America and in Asia is practically
unlimited in supply. Our safety is in bet
| ter labor and in better products.
THE labor unit of the South is still the
negro; emancipa ted, but ignorant, unam
| bilious and less trained than when
| slave. In his present condition he rem
! derS difficult if not impossible, the
changes requisite to intensive and diversi-
| fled agriculture; and retards the develop
ment of all Industries in which he is en-
! ployed AS race he is less skilled to
/ day than during slavery. The Industrial
| development of the South demands that
the negro be either improved or gotten
rid Of.
THE wasteful expenditure of money for
negro education in the public schools of
the South should be changed into profit
/ able and useful training in indus trial
/ schools, shops and farms maintained at
| public expense and under public direction,
! for negro education in each county or
| township of the South. The entire sys-
| TEN of public education for the negro race
| from top to bottom should be industrial.
1.-The educational system of the South
| needs to be greatly changed if not re-
| constructed. For lOU years our SCHOOLS
| have manufactured orators, statesmen,
| and universal geniuses. The supply now
| exceeds the demand and a change of
| industrial machinery is necessary. For
| defamation and dialectics we must sub
| stitute the microscope and the laboratory,
| the drawing board and the machine shop.
| The South needs workers, trained and
| skilled workers, in every department Of
! industry. Rude labor will not suffice,
| even in agriculture.
1.-THE South must follow the spirit Of
the age. She will do SO from necessity if
not from preference. Industrial comno+;
ton will force her to it. Her resources
are practically undeveloped and unlimited
She is amply endowed with all three re-
qusites for the production of wealth;
with natural resources, capital and labor
Her natural wealth is the greatest on the
continent.
THE thing lacking is Industrial
training and skill. Supply these and the
South will be the paradise of the world
the realization of perfect democracy
where labor is so productive and wealth
SO abundant that there is leisure anc
opportunity for universal culture and uni.
versal progress"
An address was delivered by Augusta:
S. Downing, Of the New York Training
School for Teachers. His theme wa
professional Training for Teachers fo
Elementary Schools
The question Of next place of meetin,
was referred to the executive committe,
for final action. 1t lies between Columbia
5. c.. Charleston. s. c., Asheville. n C
and Knoxville, Tenn. The following Off
GERS were elected:
President-Hon. G. R. Glenn, Atlanta
Ga.
Vice resident-Chancellor r 3. Full
ton mississippi
Observation-Disclosures P. p. Ciaxton
4 | Greensboro. N. c.
Treasurer-Hon. F L. Stuart of Knox
q Vile. Tenn.
Resolutions appealing to the people 0
the South to make greater efforts 70
educational advances were adorted. an
: at 12:35 the convention adjourned sine die
Tomorrow the members will visit New
| port News and HAMPTON