davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1901-10-03
Jury at Buffalo ConOicfs Him
of Murder in First
Degree.
DEGREE.

Leon F. Czolgosz, the anarchist as
sassin of President Mckinley, Tues
day was found guilty Of murder IN
the first degree after one of the most
rapid yet dignified trials in the history
of jurisprudence. Despite the eminence
of the prisoners counsel it was appar-
ent Tuesday when the alienists decided
that Czolgosz was sane that no de-
Tense was possible, and consequently
that any delay in the trial would be
vain. In period of eight hours and
twenty-six minutes the assassin OF
President Mckinley had been found
guilty and Judge Truman c. White
had announced that he would pass SEN
tence on Thursday afternoon. Remark
able as the trial had been throughout
for its dignity equally with its alb
sence of delay, not the least engrossing
feature of the day was the address to
the jury made by Loren l.. Lewis,
counsel for the prisoner. The vener-
able jurist explained the necessity of
a defense for the prisoner even though
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1901-10-03

Little does the girl of the present
day realize how much better off she is
than the girl in the early part of the
nineteenth century. Then she had to
submit to social restrictions too nu.
merous to mention; she was treated
with scorn and contempt il she once
expressed any desire to work or do
anything for herself and attempts to
think out a subject for herself was
deemed almost a sign Of ill-breeding
and lack Of refinement. Her lie was
spent in a narrow groove, and her
mind was not allowed to develop to
its full extent. Intercourse with the
other sex was carried on under the
rigid surveillance Of an austere and
elderly chaperon. Nowadays woman
has almost perfect freedom in what
ever she cares to do. Chaperons are
getting rarer and rarer, and social in
timacy with men is allowed without
one thinking it means aught beyond
pleasant and natural friendship
New York Weekly.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1901-10-03

"If wnen all the circumstances Of
the case are considered by you there
still exists in your minds a reasonable
doubt that the defendant is guilty you
cannot find this man guilty. The peo-
pie have submitted evidence tending to
show that this defendant committed
this crime; they have given evidence
tending to show that there was design
and premeditation, and, II in accord
ance with that generalization and de-
sign these shots were fired, then the
defendant is guilty of the crime of
murder in the first degree.
You must consider all this evidence
that the people have submitted to you.
You must consider it fairly ami with
out prejudice. You are the sole judges
of facts in this case"
When the trial was ended and the
verdict rendered, Judge Titus, at the
request of District Attorney Penney,
admitted that the defense had no sug-
gestion to make as to the time when
the final Judgment should be pro-
nounced. Justice White then said that
as it was the custom to give the guilty
murderer two days between the find
ing of the verdict and the sentence, he
would adjourn court till o'clock
Thursday, when judgment will be pro-
nounced.
The prisoner was then handcuffed to
his guards and led back through the
tunnel to Jail.
Length of trial-Eight hours and
twenty-five minutes.
Number of witnesses-For the prose-
cution, seventeen; for the defense,
none.
Actual time OF taking testimony
Four and one-quarter hours.
Time of the state in arguing for con-
viction-Fourteen minutes.
Time occupied by the judge IN
charging jury-Twelve minutes.
Time occupied by the jury in deliber-
ation-Thirty-fo minutes.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1901-10-03

ton for which all had been awaiting.
Judge Titus asked that the prisoner
be permitted to make statement in
exculpation of his act.
Czolgosz leaned heavily on a chair.
He then spoke. saying he alone COM
mitted the crime. No one had any
thing to do with his crime but himself,
he said.
Judge White-"Before the passing of
sentence you may speak on two sub
jects. First, you can claim that you are
insane; second, that you have good
cause to offer that judgment should
not be pronounced against you; third,
that you wish a new trial.
Given Liberty to Speak.
These are the grounds specified by
statute. You are now at liberty to
speak,"
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1901-10-03
Emma Goldman Out.

Anarchy took it's high priestess from
the prison to the hearthstone Tuesday
morning at Chicago. With smiles and
kind words for all Emma Goldman be-
came free woman shortly after nine
o'clock. Prosecutor John Owens said
there had been an agreement with the
attorneys for the defense that both
sides would abide in the Goldman case
by the decision in the cases Of the
men who were released yesterday. He
therefore would state that he would
interpose no objection to, her release.
Dismissed for want Of prosecution,
said Justice Prindiyille. Then the
woman with the stern blue eyes was
taken through the crowd, and few
moments later escorted to cab, which
was driven to the home of the lsaaks
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1901-10-03
FOR A PACIFIC CABLE.
Company to Lay a Line From California
to Philippines.


to Philippines.
Articles of incorporation were filed
at Albany having in view the laying
of cable from the Pacific coast to Ha-
wall and the Philippine islands. The
company will be affiliated with the
Commercial Cable company, and all its
incorporators are officials of that cor
poration. The length of the cable will
be about $500 miles. The part first laid
will be from California to the Ha-
waiian islands, distance OF about q
200 miles. 1t is expected tnat this por-
ton will be laid and in operation with
in nine months. The time required for
the laying of the remainder OF the
cable from me Hawaiian islands to the
Philippine islands will depend upon
how quickly the cable can be manu-
featured, but may be completed in two
years. According to the articles OF in
corporation the company's lines are to
begin in New York city, ai,h"ugh from
that point to The Pacific Goa the line
of other companies may be used. The
capital stock of the company is to be
$1,000 divided into shares of 500
eacn. The term of existence of the
company is fixed at 1000 years.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1901-10-03

His face paled at no time during the
proceedings. 1t was flushed with the
emotion it was costing him so much
strength to master. AS the prelimin-
airy to the pronouncing of sentence
many questions were asked by the dis
trict attorney. Czolgosz evinced the
utmost willingness to answer all these
questions, but his utterance seemed to
smother in his throat.
Lawyer Offers Aid.
1t was only after an effort that each
reply was blurted out. AS he stood his
breast heaved. his eyes blinked rap
idly and once he almost reeled, so that
ex-Judge Titus, his counsel, held up a
hand to support him.
He did not need the proffered aid,
but Strengthened himself up of his own
effort. 1t was with feeling of relief
that the assassin heard the words,
Remove the prisoner" pronounced by
Judge White. He heaved great sigh
as he was manacled and was led away.
Tells of His Life.
Stand up, Czolgosz, please" said
Mr.. Penny, turning to the prisoner.
Nudged by bailiffs, the prisoner stood
up, the center of all attention in the
crowded room.
In answer to questions put by Mr..
Penny, Czolgosz said under oath that
he was born in Detroit, that he was
educated in the common and church
schools, that he had been a Catholic.
that he was laborer, and that he had
lived in Cleveland and in Buffalo.
The court clerk then asked the ques-
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1901-10-03
Trial an Object Lesson.

rived at Buffalo from Cleveland Tues
day afternoon. Each member of the
Czolgosz family was put through
rigid examination Tuesday night by
Assistant District Attorney Frederick
Halter in the presence of Assistant SUI
perintendent Cusack and Detectives
Geary and Solomon of the police de-
partment. For an hour and half they
were under a searching fire Of ques-
lions, which resulted in the informa-
ton that they knew nothing about any
plot, that they came from Cleveland
to yindicate their own name, and. II
possible, to aid the authorities by Sc
curing from the prisoner some state
ment as to his reasons for the assas-
sination.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1901-10-03
THE ASSASSIN HEARS DOOM
Leon CzoIgosz Is Sentenced to
Die in Electric Chair.
SAYS HE HAD NO ACCOMPLICES.
Murderer of Mckinley Tells Judge No
One Else Was In Plot - Dramatic
Scene In Court-Falters While Making
His Statements to Judge.
History of the Trial.

Monday, Sept. 16. - Czolgosz ar
raigned in court before Judge White,
charged with the murder of President
Mckinley on Sept. Z. He refused to
answer the indictment.
Monday, Sept. 23.-Czolgosz placed
on trial. Pleaded guilty to charge. Plea
not accepted and trial proceeds.
Tuesday. Sept. 24.-Czolgosz is found
guilty as charged.
Thursday, Sept. 26.--Judge White,
who presided at trial, sentences pris-
oner to be put to death in the electric
chair at Auburn prison, sometime dur
ing the week beginning October 20.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1901-10-03


his guilt could scarce be questioned,
and made his address the occasion for
a criticism of lynch law, which, in all
probability, will go down in the an
mails of history as the most mastery
Sindication of the jury system and con-
demnation of mob violence ever ut
tered.
Prisoner Knows Chicago Anarchists.
Superintendent of Police Bull was
asked:
Were you present at headquarters
when the prisoner was brought there
on the night of the murder?"
YES"
Were any threats made against
him -
NO"
Tell us what Czolgosz said"
"He said he knew President McKin
ley. He knew that he was shooting
President Mckinley when he fired. The
reason he gave was that he believed
that he was doing his duty. He said
that on the day President Mckinley
spoke at the exposition grounds, the
day previous to the assassination, he
STOOD near the STAND on tne espiahaae'
No favorable opportunity presented it.
self.
..rI, ,o,,oa .,o o,;aor. - >r;or
- .s III, - pnsso,o oani,
e. 80 20 49, Ill ~ ,ooont,on r,aa
=. go. ~ - h. uoaohoa a.
piseat e. az go shots Col
80. ola No IN dotaiI tho Mans bo
aI"no va worLod ON co that tboro
nro,,Id ~ ~, liz q, his gor,or,s
,,sl,ad hin, ,,,h,, ha IiIIad ne nrosi-
aan, ana he roni;od that no ala 90 NO
- =. ~ 49,
..nid 10 80, 10 80 m rorohts.o,
..yasn
.n,s 49, 49, oro ~ ,ho ,,,h
,n ~ dis,riot .ttornau
..vo. 20 s.id that he hoa nod
.ho hoI;afs 90 ararohis,s ard
e., ro1;o,,o, - thai. -,
n,n,os The nrisonar also stated that
.ipies. ny 80 a,,oh t~sonr"o,,or
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1901-10-03

that the handkerchief was not tied
Charles Petit, a waiter who is EN-.
ployed at the hotel where Saftig board
ed, also has cast doubt upon the story
by affirming that Saftig stood with him
In front of the newspaper offices and
read the bulletins the night the presi-
dent was shot. Henry Schneider, the
proprietor Of the hotel, corroborates
the fact that Saftig was in St. Louis at
the time of the assassination.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1901-10-03
CASE AGAINST MOST DELAYED.


Trial Adjourned on Account of Anar
chist's Arrest In Corona.
The case against Johann Most, who
was to have been arraigned in the
court Of special sessions at New York
Tuesday for publishing an alleged Sc
ditious article in his paper, the Frei-
heit. has been adjourned indefinitely.
This action was taken because Of the
fact that Most Is in jail at Corona, L.
l., where he was arrested at So
called anarchist meeting last Sunday
night.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1901-10-03
Judge Whites Charge.

Justice White began his charge TO
the jury at 1929 o'clock. He arose
from his seat and stepped to the side
of the bench nearest the jury box. He
said:
Gentlemen of TIE jury:-In this
case the defendant has acknowledged
his guilt. Such an acknowledgment
under such circumstances cannot go
to the jury or the court. The law re-
quires that the defendant charged with
such crime must be tried. The law
says that all the facts must be OBJ
served and reviewed by you. The law
guarantees that the defendant shall
have a fair trial by twelve men, i'm
partial and fair, capable of taking the
testimony Of the trial and giving 1t
thorough consideration.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1901-10-03
ANARCHISTS ARE INDICTED.
Charged With Sending an Obiectionabis
Paper Through Mails.

Tacoma telegram: Charles Goyan.
James w. Adams, and James e. Lar
kin, members of the Home Anarchist
colony in this county. have been ar
rested under an Indictment found by
the federal grand Jury at Spokane
charging them with depositing in the
mails lewd, obscene and lasciyious
newspaper. The prisoners were brought
to Tacoma and committed to Jail pend
ing examination. An Indictment was
also returned against G. Morong, who,
1t is claimed, was the author OF the OBJ
jectionable article. Morong is now In
Massachusetts,, but will be arrested
and brought here for trial. The news
paper in question is the official organ
at the Home" and is called "Discon-
tent" and advocates anarchy and free
love.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1901-10-03
Pearls From the philippines.

Pearl is an important article of
commerce in the Sulu archipelago. Tia
Gazetteer Of the Philippine islands
gives these figures: The value Of this
product at Sulu alone since January.
1900, according to custom house re-
turns, was 222,sl4 pounds of mother
of-pearl shells, valued at s75,712:
black shells, Lila pounds, valued at
$40; and snail shells, 17,707 pounds,
valued at $500; total. ss1.76l. The
same amount was exported, approx
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1901-10-03
REMOVING HANDCUFFS FROM

Czolgosz-'I have nothing to say on
those things"
Judge Titus then consulted the pris-
oner.
Judge Titus-'I think he ought to be
permitted to make a statement in ex-
culpation Of his family, your honor"
Judge White-"The defendant may
speak in exculpation of his father and
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1901-10-03
Poisoned by Mosquito Bite.

Mrs. Thomas Eaves, living at
Fourth and Walnut streets, Gloucester,
N. Y, was bitten on finger of her
right hand several weeks ago by mo-
squito. Her hand became swollen and
she visited the Cooper Hospital, Cam.
den, where physicians found it neces-
sary to amputate the finger. 1t is sup
posed that the mosquito which bit her
had been on some poisonous weed.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1901-10-03
Zone of Counsel for Defense.)

zone OF Counsel for Defense)
gan summing up. He spoke in clear,
well-modulated voice and every word
could be heard in any part of the
room.
He said in part:
1T is hardly possible for any man
to stand up and talk about this case
without the deepest emotion. 1t was
the most awful tragedy that ever came
upon the world. We have shown you
how this defendant stood in the temple
of music that afternoon and shot down
our beloved President. We have shown
you how he deliberated on and planned
this awful crime. We have shown you
how he attended anarchistic and So
cialistic meetings, at which were sown
in his heart the seeds of his terrible
act.
This is no time for oratorical dis
play. Counsel for the prisoner and
myself have endeavored to eliminate
all sensationalism from this case. 1t
Is not my intention to indulge in ex-
tended remarks. You understand the
responsibility resting upon you.
National Heart Is Broken.
1T is great lesson that SO great
a man can stoop so low; that he was
SO great he could forgive his own as
sassin. He was the noblest man.
believe, that God ever created. A man
who stood near him in the temple of
music said to me: 4 have Travelled in
all parts of the world and have seen
people assembled to greet their rulers,
but when l saw people stand in the
railroad stations and along the coun-
try through which the funeral train
passed that they might get a look at
the casket of this great man, l was
convinced as never before that there is
such thing as national heart
THAT national heart was broken and
it will take Goes way and time to
heal it.
1T was broken by a class of people
who are coming to our country in in
creased numbers, and while harbored
by our laws they are propagating their
malicious views; a class of people that
must te taught that We have no place
for them on our shores, a class of peo-
pie that must be taught that they can
not take the life of anyone irrespective
| OF consequences"
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1901-10-03

Czolgosz was sentenced to death by
Justice Truman C. White in the Su-
preme court at Buffalo Thursday
afternoon. The assassin took advan-
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1901-10-03
President Llneoln's secretary Dl e..

Washington telegram: John George
Nicolay. private secretary to President
Lincoln, died at his residence here,
aged 70 years. after an illness lasting
many years.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1901-10-03

taye of the opportunity to speak, but
he confined himself to taking upon his
own shoulders the blame. for the great
crime of having murdered the presi-
dent of the United States. He advanced
no reason in justification OF his mon
strous deed. Not a word did he utter
of anarchy, of his enmity to govern
ment or of the motives which prompt
ed him to the commission Of his crime.
Hall Cleared by Police.
Greater crowds gathered for the SEN
fencing of the assassin than came for
any one session of the trial itself. Be-
fore 1890 p. m. crowd had gath
cred in the corridor in front Of Justice
Whites court room. BY l p. m. the
corridor was damned. Capt. Regain
then appeared on the stairs with a
squad Of 100 uniformed officers and
cleared the hall 1t was case of first
come first served after line was
formed, and the tickets OF admission
issued for the trial were worthless. 1t
took less than ten minutes for the
single file to fill the court room and
then the doors were closed to be
opened only upon the arrival of Off
Gals, counsel and others connected
with the days proceedings.
Dramatic Scene In Court.
In hush that was like the silence
of death Justice White pronounced the
prisoners doom. Physically tottering
under the ordeal, but sustaining him
self by sheer force of nerve, the muir
derer heard the words of death pro-
nounced, was shackled and quietly sub
mitted to be led away.
In no brazen fashion did the pris-
oner face the court. Swaying from side
to side, boyish looking, trembling with
nervousness, but held up by nerve, he
stood leaning on the chair in front of
him.
Falters in His Words.
Falteringly, hesitatingly, he spoke,
after having been asked each question
several times. He acted almost as If
the words were being wrung out of
him, 1t took him so long to find utter
ance, and he spoke so rapidly when the
first word left his lips in response to
question.
His voice was hardly heard ten feet
away, although every ear in the great
court room was strained to catch the
slightest sound from his lips.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1901-10-03
CLAIMS TO BE cZoLGOsZ AID.

Seeker, Alleges Plot.
Edward Saftig, who was arrested at
st. Louis, claimed that he had been
the prime mover in the plot to assas-
sinate President Mckinley. but this
confession is believed to be due to a
desire for notoriety or else that SAT-
tigs mind Is affected by recent fall
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1901-10-03

Careful measures taken to protect
Emperor William at his hunting lodge
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1901-10-03

state of things does not exist in our
community, but it does in some parts
of our state, as every intelligent man
knows.
Gentlemen of the jury, while I be-
lieve firmly in that, do not believe
it creates danger to this court equal
to the belief, becoming so common,
that men who are charged with crime
shall not be permitted to go through
the form Of trial in a court of JUS
tice, but that lynch law shall take the
place of the calm and dignlfied adj
minlstration of the law in our courts
of justice. When that doctrine be-
comes sufficiently prevalent in this
country. If it ever does. our institu-
lions will be set aside and overthrow.
Trial an Object Lesson.
This trial here is great object les
son to the world. Here is a case where
a man has stricken down the beloved
President of this country in broad day
light, in the presence of thousands of
spectators. If there was ever a case
that would excite the anger, the wrath
of those who saw it, this was one, and
yet, under the advice OF the President,
Let no man hurt him. he was taken.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1901-10-03
CzoLGosz's WRISTS IN COURT.

CzoLGosz's WRISTS IN COURT.
mately, from the port OF SLASH, In the
Tapul group. which would make an az.
gregate of 4SS242 pounds, valued AZ
$l4S,522, from the two Sulu points
alone. This does not include the value
of the pearls taken from the mother
of-pearl shell, the finest of which AZ
present go to the sultan of sulu a,
royalty.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1901-10-03

DID lhlCl AllORNE1 PENNEl.
(From a sketch made at Buffalo)
until two days before l committed IL
and never told nobody about it,"
Judge Lewis-"He says he did not
make up his mind to do it until few
days before its commission.
Judge Passes Sentence.
Justice White-"Czolgosz, in taking
the life of our beloved president you
committed a crime that shocked and
outraged all the civilized world. After
learning all the facts and circum-
stances in the case, twelve good men
have pronounced you guilty Of murder
in the first degree. You say that no
other person abetted you in the COM
mission OF this terrible act The PEN
atty is fixed by statute, and it becomes
my duty to impose sentence upon you.
The sentence of this court is that on
October %, at the place designated and
in the manner prescribed by law, yov
suffer the punishment OF death.
Remove the prisoner"
Considerable surprise was expressed
that Justice White did not pronounce
the customary appeal to the Almighty
in concluding his sentence. "and may
God have mercy on your SOUL"
The court quit at the middle OF the
customary formula in pronouncing the
sentence.
Manacied and Led Away.
The hush as the solemn words were
pronounced was like the silence OF the
tomb For several moments the silence
was unbroken. The click of handouts
put startling termination on the
strain. Like a great sob the emotion
of the court room welled up and were
lost in the shutting of feet The final
scene of the historic trial was con.
eluded.
Manacled to detectives who had
brought him into the court, the assas-
sin was conducted away. Between the
wall of bailiffs, policemen and specta-
tors the murderer passed. He looked
not into a single eye. Justified by him
self or not, his deed lay heavy on his
head. A groan of execration followed
him down the broad court house stairs
to the Jail tunnel below.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1901-10-03
brothers and sisters. II that Is what
he means to do 1t is proper"
Says He Did 1t Alone.

Czolgosz-"No other person had any
thing to do with 1t. No other persoi
knew Of this but myself; my fathe
or mother or no one else knew nothing
about it. / never thought of the crimi