davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Gilpin observer., 1901-07-18
Mr.. Cboafcs Foolish Hope.

Ambassador Choate, at the Fourth
Of July dinner in London, expressed
the hope that Americas present pros.
perity would produce young men who
would not need to work for living,
and therefore could devote themselves
entirely to the public service. In other
words. Mr.. Choate took the ground
that the future of this nation could
be worked out best by leisure class
The theory that men born to riches
and leisure make the best public SER
wants Is pretty one, but at most 1t is
only theory. That n prince of the
blood must prove n bad general has
been truism in European warfare
for more than 200 years. That the
highest European aristocracy furnishes
the worst cabinet ministers and am.
bassadors has been self-evident for an
equal length of time. The weakness
of leisure class MS public servants is
two fold. Its mem-ers do not feel the
sur of material necessity to urge them
on to achievement. Having seldom had
the discipline of obedience, they are
unfit to command. When nation
nowadays comes to depend upon its
men of inherited wealth or rank for
guides, It is indeed case OF the blind
following the blind. In nine cases OIL.
,f ten both fan into the dltch-Chica-
go InterOcean.
Gilpin observer., 1901-07-18
Many Females Arc Now
Employed as Clerks
In Cisar Stores.

An American woman with a cigar
ette in her teeth rarely il ever looks
fascinating, or even endurable. She
has difficult time. in the first place to
cover up the guilt, not to say the
shame, wnlcn CONSEQUENCES OF ner,
brazenness produces within her; and,
in the second place, she has not the
grace in her way of handling the cig-'
arctic that the women smokers OF,
over the sea exhibit. AS matter OF
fact, most of the women who smoke
cigarettes in the restaurants look and
act just as II they wanted to be ba-ad
and day-vilish enchanting and they
make a dismal hash of it.
And, speaking of women ald tobac-
co, the retail tobacconists OF this town
have been rapidly replacing their male
saiesmen with young women during
the past year or SO. PERHAPS one
third of the leading cigar stores on
Broadway now employ female clerks,
In all cases the young women behind
the counter are decidedly and distinct.
ly pretty-indeed, not a few of them
are absolutely beautiful. And the pret-
tier the girl in the cigar store the more
trade the establishment gets. The
cigar dealers have been quick to find
out that men rather like to be handed
their cigars by young women with
roguish eyes and pretty teeth. The
dealers have ascertained. moreover,
that they sell better class of goods
with young women statesmen in charge
than they ever did when their counters
were presided over by male salesmen.
The dealers attribute this to the fact
that no man likes to show himself
up" by purchasing n cheap cigar, say,
from pretty girl with a winsome. baf-
fling smile on her face.
Gilpin observer., 1901-07-18
Women SrnOk-
e1-s in New York

1t is not unusual in New York
writes a correspondent, to see women
smoking cigarettes in the best restau-
rants. They are not ostentatious or
obtrunivo about It, but thay- smnke
right along as a matter of course. with
all the nonchalance of the men accom-
panying them. Not all of them are Of
the flash sort, either, although the ma
jority Of them are women OF the
theater. They do not often produce
their cigarette cases before midnight.
But at the petit souper, when all hands
around the after theater tables are
more or less mellowed and indisposed
to be critical of their neighbors, olt
come the cigarette receptacles and
the ornate wax match boxes. and the
women who like that sort of thing get
to putting with all the apparent Zest
in life. The women who tried this
smoking business in the better class
restaurants of New York few years
ago were summarily sat down upon
by the proprietors of the establish
ments. They stormed and ravel and
declared that women were permitted to
smoke clay pipe II they so elected. in
the best eating houses OF London,
Paris and Vienna; but the restaurant
teurs calmly invited them in that case,
to repair to Vienna or Paris or London
on the earliest available steamer. True
for a great many years the frowsy
lot Of women who move about in the
society called bohemian circles OF
New York have been regaling them
selves with tobacco after their dinners
at the cheap tables d'hote; but 1t has
only been within the past two years
that the really high-grade restaurants
have tolerated such thing.
Gilpin observer., 1901-07-18
Workmen's Insurance in Germany

The system of workingmen's insur-
ance in Germany is n huge piece OF
state machinery. The magnitude of
the system may be estimated by the
fact that 1t pays out, in one way or
another. about 100000 marks (e5O,-
000) a day. The sick workman has
no longer to trouble himself as to how
he shall obtain money to pay for medi-
cal treatment, and what will become
OF his family should he himself be
rendered UNIT for work. The work
man whose earning power is reduced
by an accident connected with his en-
ployment now obtains just compensa-
tion, and the aged poor have the sat
faction of knowing that although they
can no longer work they can still. ow-
Ing to the insurance system. contribute
their share toward the expenses OF the
household, and are not Obliged to de-
pend on the earnings OF their children
or on ordinary public charity. The
system OF workmen's insurance has
been gradually built up within the last
seventeen years. but 1t Is admitted
that improvements are required and
gaps have still to be filled in.
Gilpin observer., 1901-07-18
WASHINGTON GOSSIP.

Predictions based ON the census of
1890 that the negro population of the
United States would gradually de-
crease in proportion to the population
are not borne out by the statistics of
the present cencus, me negro popu-
lation IN the United States In 1890 was
11.03 per cent. of the total, Il decrease
from 1872 per cent. in 1880. This year
the percentage will be somewhat less
than IL, though it is impossible to give
exact figures now. la some of the
southern states the negro population is
increasing faster iii proportion than the
white. In the border states there seems
to be little falling off and in the north
ern states, to which the tide of Euro
pean immigration flows strongest,
the white poulaton is increasing more
rapidly, though this does not hold good
in some special localities, such as cities
in which the negro servants, especially
in hotels, are rapidly displacing white
men and women.
The census Office has issued n bulle-
tin concerning the urban population
of the country. 1t shows that 2S,411,-
69S people in the United States live in
cities and towns of over 1000 popula-
tion. This is 3I.3 per cent. of the en-
tire population, a gain of almost hve
per cent. since the census of 1870,
when the percentage was 32.0. Com
pared with the census of 1850. the re-
port shows n gain in the urban popu-
lation of the country of more than
third i'll percentage and of consider
ably more than double in actual num-
bers. There We're in 1880 go places
of more than 1000 population each,
with an aggregate population of H.
936, 40, or 2J.S per cent. of the popula-
ton. About one-half of the urban pop
ulation of 1900 was contained in cities
of over 100000 people. There were
thirty-eight of those cities, with
combined population of II ,20S,37
There are now 1.15S places of over
1900 people in the country, as against
9OS in 1890. The population of the
District of Columbia is regarded as
urban. In the other states and terri
tories the percentage of people living
in cities and towns, as compared with
the entire population of the states,
ranges from 916 in Rhode Island to
% in Indian territory. The percentage
of the population of Colorado living in
towns of over 1000 inhabitants is 41.2;
Wyoming, 2SS; in New Mexico, 81.
Gilpin observer., 1901-07-18
MarriaGc Nor q Failure.

A New York minister says marriage
is not failure, and that more than
$500 OF the 3,0l2 couples he has united
are happy. His advice to those who
would wed and be happy Is largely
summed up in the following half dozen
don'ts: Don't marry when too young.
Don't marry until you can support a
wife. Don't marry n girl who can't
cook and sew Don't live in six rooms
when three are enough. Don't marry
unless you suit each other Don I eofAs
to ne for a divorce.
Gilpin observer., 1901-07-18
Western Army Posts.

According to n Washington dispatch
to the Tribune the tour of inspection
which Secretary Root is' making for
examination of the military posts at
Forts Leavenworth, Riley and Jeffer-
son Barracks Is in furtherance of one
of his most notable plans for the bet
terment of the American army system.
Forts Leavenworth and Riley are
within n few miles of the junction of
twenty railways, including all the
great lines of communication of the
continent, and 1t is intended that they
shall hereafter be improved and con
stituted the chief rendezvous of troops.
while at Jefferson Barracks there will
he established the principal military
supply depot of the United States.
At Forts Riley and Lcavenworth,
respectively, are the United States cav
airy and infantry schools for the army,
and II Is now proposed to materially
extend their scope by assigning to
them II greater number of officers for
instruction and n much larger force of
men for practical campaigning.
They are To be made practical post
graduate colleges for West Pointers,
and their prize graduates will he pro-
NOTED to course at the army war col
legc TO be established mt Governors
Island. Nearly n million dollars will
ne spent for new quarters and i'm
provcments at these posts In the
current fiscal year, aud In another
year from now 1t Is the intention to
make n start in carrying out co-opera.
tive maneuvers of large bodies of
troops, composed of regulars and Ma.
tional Guardsmen. by next winter IL
will be feasible, II is hopcd. to quarter
at least n regiment at each of these
posts. and n few months later brig
ndc. or perhaps n division can be mob
illzod for several months drill and ey-
oluiions under campaigning conditions.
by another year militia may be called
from various states, and extended field
evolutions by mn army corps may con
tribute to the higher education OF gen.
cral officers, subordlnatcs and enlisted
men.
Secretary Root heartily supports the
plans, and by personal inspection of
the schools and posts he expects to DO
In position 10 invoke the support of
Congress toward securing the ncces-
sary funds
Gilpin observer., 1901-07-18
KANSAS SUFFERS TERRIBLY
BOTH FROM DROUGHT AND HEAT

Topeka, July 13.-An records for heat
in the thirty-four years observations
kept by Chancellor Snow of the Uni
versity of Kansas were broken yester-
day, the mercury reaching n maximum
average for the state of 1855 degrees
In Fort Scott the mercury registered
l10 degrees.
The heat was accompanied by very
light breeze from the south which
lmme as breath from red hot fur
nace, blasting and whitening vegeta-
ton of all kinds.
careful perusal of crop reports
from all parts of the state indicate
that Kansas will not raise more than
O,OOO,OOO bushels of corn this year.
The crop will thus be less tim third
Of last years yield and less than IL
dfth Of 1899. The late corn is all that
will yield anything, the early product
being given up more than two weeks
ago. Late corn is just half as high
as it usuaSy is at this time of year.
This fact is proving its salvation. If
it had attained its growth it would
have gone soon after the early corn.
The fact that there has been no good
cain for three months has retarded the
late corn
Opinions and reports differ as to the
extent of the damage to the corn. Sec
retary COburn of the State Board OF
Agriculture, recognized authority,
Gilpin observer., 1901-07-18
Leyland Seventh
Among the Worlds
Steamship Lines.

English flag. 1t is said that of the 400-
odd steamships OF more than 5000 tons.
burden in existence more than 300 are
under the British flag. OF these eight
cen are in the Leyland fleet, which Mr.
Morgan is to control. Should he also
get possession of the Atlantic Trans,
port company's fleet the number would
be increased by several first-class ships,
two of which-the Minnehaha and the
Minneapolis-ar listed among the
half-dozen biggest ships in the world.
The gross tonnage of the seventeen
ships owned by the Atlantic Transport
company is 99,741. Six ships, includ-
ing two of 13, ,4O1 tons each, now build
ing, will add $1,000 tons to the total
capacity of this fleet. One is surprised
to find that only three of the big trans
Atlantic passenger-carrying lines are
in the list of big fleets. 1t will be OBJ
served that the White Star lines fleet
in proportion to its tonnage is small
in numbers. Eleven of its twenty
four steamers have capacities of above
10000 tons. 1t owns the Oceanic, the
biggest steamship in the world, and is
building the Celtic, launched a few,
days ago, which will have a gross tom
mage more than 5000 tons greater than
that OF the Oceanic. Steamship men
say that big steamship is much more
profitable than a small one to operate,
as it can be handled by a crew much
smaller in proportion to its size. OF
the steamship companies using Ameri-
can capital, and having their head Of
fees on this side Of the Atlantic the
one having the largest fleet is line
trading in the West Indies and Mexi-
co-the Munson line. 1t employs six
ty-three steamers, with a total capac-,
city Of between 100000 and 10000
tons. 1t owns only eight of these, the
others being chartered vessels. 1t isi
said to be waiting for the passage OF
the ship subsidy bill, when it will re-
place many of these ships with Ameri-
can-built ships. The International
Navigation company, which owns the,
American and Red Star lines, has a.
tonnage of 1876, divided among
twenty-one steamers, and is building.
four more, whose aggregate tonnage
will be $4,000. The New York and,
Cuba Mail Steamship company owns
seventeen vessels with tonnage Of
60.74O.-New York Tribune.
Gilpin observer., 1901-07-18

know. The Janice Meredith curl pre-
sented It's credentials to society few
weeks ago, and society. always eager
to welcome that which is new and fas-
cinating and well bred, took the lit
tie curl up and make II n pet OF
the monde. 1t is not such little"
curl. but II is so feminine. so dainty,
smacks SO strongly of the silver fitted
dressing table that the adjective "lit-
tie" is applied to 1t as 1t is applied to
anything essentially feminine. 1t Is
really large and well formed and regu>
lar, such as Oliver Herfords little
girl wears for the little mouse to hide
In. And the curl is brought over tho
left shoulder in caressing way; 70
peeps at you around a corner and In
vites your admiration and your COM
ment 1t Is distinctly becoming. Then
1t smacks strongly to the modern girl of
colonial days and the early heroines of
Jane Austen's novels. who always wore
such n curl.
Gilpin observer., 1901-07-18
NEW IRRIGATION LAWS
ARE TO BE ENFORCED

Denver, July 13.-Up to the pre- sent
time State Engineer McCune has heard
comparatively few complaints from
the ditch men on account of scarcity
of water, for the streams of the state
have been running fairly well Now
that the dry season Is at hand the
state engineer, in anticipation of the
trouble that IL bound to come to his of
lice, has sent 10 the water commission
ers all over the state II circular letter
calling their attention to the most re-
cent irrigation laws. Blanks for the
record of reservoirs in each district
are enclosed with the letter, n copy OF
which follows:
During the last Legislature four ir-
rigation bills only were passed: The
district irrigation L".. the Gunnison
tunnel bill. the law providing penalties
for not pnfting hendgatcs and meas
airing fumes. and the law making 1t
possible To convict any one for tnking
water contrary 10 the orders OF the
water commissioners.
Senate Bill No. 1S5 (Clayton) pro
vides, first, that good hendgates and
rating fumes he provided and main
tnined: then In cnse Of refusal the
state engineer or superintendent of irr!-
gatlon, after ten days notice. refuse to
bboW NUiNI ~ Futb III
applies to diiches or reservoirs using
the channel of n stream to carry the
water. except that only five days no
tice IL required. The state engineer or
superintendent OF irrigation Is to rnte
fumes.
"The impounding OF water needed
for direct irrigation il prohibited. and
gauge rods must be placed in rcser-
voirs before any water is stored. All
rating fumes and headgates are un-
der the control of the irrigation Oiii-
cials.
"a reservoir so situated that nat.
urnl stream flows through II must be
measured by means of contour 90 show
the capacity for each foot In depth.
The owners must pay the expenses
thereof to The state engineer. Upon
failure to have the measurements
made when required water must not
he stored.
"Senatc Bill No. 200 (Jcfferson) pro-
vices that any person changing or
auipering with n headgnte. wnier box
~ measuring device after the same
Gilpin observer., 1901-07-18
the maria ge wa

the marriage was solemnized in 1879
1t was one of the most brilliant society
events Cincinnati had ever witnessed
The young couple removed almost i'm
mediately to Paris, where they took
apartments at IA Rue Pierre Charbon
Deacon was immensely wealthy and
spent money lavishly. His home soor
became the center of attraction for the
American colony in Paris, and for. ten
years he was known as one Of the
most liberal of entertainers. During
that time four children were born to
the couple. Deacon. however, tired OF
society, while his pretty wife fairly
reveled in it. She soon drew around
her circle of male admirers, whose
adulation seemed to turn her head.
Among them was Emile Abielle, a
Frenchman, whom Deacon killed in his
wife's apartments in a hotel at Cannes,
France, in 1892.
Gilpin observer., 1901-07-18

school, from the kindergarten to and
including the university, shall be open
to every boy and girl of our country.
6-The liberality of men of wealth in
making large donations to institutions
of learning is to be strongly commend
ed and encouraged.
THE public school system of a state
should be unit from the kindergarten
to and including the university, and all
private institutions should endeavor to
work in harmony with the ideals of
public education so far as their special
purpose will admit them.
S-Legislation with respect to public
education must not wait for public sen-
timent. 1t should lead public scnti.
ment when necessary. School legisla-
tion should be under the general direc.
ton of educational experts.
9-The association recognizes the
principle that the child has the same
right to be protected by law from ig-
norance as from abuse, neglect and
hunger; and 1t therefore records with
approval that many of the leading
states of the Union have compulsory
education laws upon their statute
books.
10-While many cities have at least
partly solved the problem of school
supervision. in most rural communities
the problem is almost wholly unsolved
Close, constant, expert supervision of
schools in both city and country is i'm
peratively demanded.
1.-The association watches with
deep interest the solution of the prob
lem of consolidating rural schools and
transporting pupils at the public ex-
pense. now attempted in many of our
leading states. We believe that this
movement will lead to the establish
ment of township and county high
schools and thus bring more advanced
education to rural communities.
12-The state should support and con-
troll institutions whose object is the
preparation of teachers for the public
schools.
13-No one should be placed in
charge of school who has not been
previously trained for the work of
teaching.
live believe that the standards for
school architecture, including the prop
er seating, heating. lighting. ventila-
tion and ornamentation of public school
buildings should be as definite as the
standards for teaching.
Gilpin observer., 1901-07-18
CROP SITUATION GETS
WORSE AND WORSE

Chicago. July l3-B. w. Snow. statis-
tician of the Orange Judd Farmer, and
formerly crop expert in the government
service. who is regarded throughout the
West as an authority. to-day confirmed
The news of great crop damage. In Il
statement written for the Herald and
Republican, he said:
"A week of fierce heat and cloudless
sky, a week of blasting winds, wither-
ing vegetation, IA week of the worst
weather conditions on record in large
part of the corn belt. And the end Is
not yet. Under normal conditions ten
days of such pltiless sunshine ms char
acierized those jiist past would seri-
ously damage all crop growth. but
when. as this year. each period Is the
elimination OF II much longer period OF
drought, the extent In dAmage cannot
be measured by any ordinary rules.
The area In which drought dcstruc-
tion Is III progress IL widening rapidly
ana every day now without good gen.
crll rainfall over that territory west of
the Mississippi river costs the crop nit
lions OF bushels. Scattered showers
will not serve. The American corn crop
Is not made by local rains. The OH.
cial report July LIST gave the corn CON
di'ion us seventy in Missouri and sew
enty-four In Kansas.
within the present week the danger
line has been passed In central Nebras-
brnsia south of the Platte river and In
these important districts rapid damage
Is being done. Drought damage Is cu.
mulativc, and after deterioration be.
gins, the crop runs on ten. twenty or
twenty-five points almost before local
observers can realize 1t. In Indiana,
Iowa ana eastern Illinois the present
coop Is comparatively low on account
of the poor stnnt, inferior early growth
ana lack OF vitality, following the cold
weather eMrlY In the ScnSOnu
Gilpin observer., 1901-07-18
Merchant
* Fleets

The statement made in connection
with the announcement of the purchase
of the Leyland line by ]. Pierpont Nor
gan, that 1t was one of Great Brit
aims greatest shipping institutions,
came as a surprise to many people.
The name was an unfamiliar one. The
Leyland line is only one of several
great fleets which have been modified
to meet the demands of commerce. The
fleet Of the Leyland line, according to
Whitaker, ranks seventh in point of
tonnage, that of the Hamburg-Ameri-
can line being first. The Hamburg
American line fleet includes 202 ves-
sells, with tonnage of 541 ,0S3 tons.
OF these, however, a large number are
river steamers, tugs and lighters. The
steamships number ninety-five, with a
capacity Of more than 100000 tons.
The second fleet in point of capacity
also flies the German flag. 1t is the
North German Lloyd line, with nine
ty-one ocean steamers, having a ton
mage of about 100000. Three British
companies rank next-the British In
dia Steam Navigation company, which
has more than 100 vessels and capac-
ily VI uedTly fUU,OUU louSI lHe Teulu-
sular and Oriental, with a fleet of
more than sixty vessels and a capacity
of over 100000 tons, and the fleet of
Elder, Dempster & Co., ranking fifth
not only in point Of tonnage but also
in number of vessels A French line,
the Messageries Maritimes, occupies
the sixth place, although in point Of
tonnage it does not greatly exceed the
Leyland fleet, their respective capaci-
ties being given as 247, 1888 and 245,000
tons. A line flying the Italian flag,
the Navagazione Generate Italiana, is
placed next, with a tonnage OF 233,000
and fleet Of more than 100 steamers.
The Union Castle, with 10000 less
tonnage, has forty-one steamers. The
next place in the list is accorded to a
flag that no one would expect to find
among the number. the Japanese. The
Japan Mail Steamship company, with
its head Office at Toxic, has sixty-eight
steamers in its fleet. Then follow the
White Star and Wilson lines, the for
mer with twenty-four steamers and
the latter with eighty-seven vessels.
and with respective tonnages Of 10000
and 100000 in round figures. OF the
twelve fleets in this list seven fly the