The Marble times and Crystal silver lance., 1901-08-30
VACCINATION FOR
RATTLESNAKE BITE

Some scientific experiments that are
now being made regarding the possibil-,
ity of inhnuning animals and human
beings from the toxic effects of snake
bites, particularly that of the Ameri-
can rattlesnake, are of the greatest in
terest to those states and sections
where such dangers prevail. This is
true in Colorado in some sections.
The bites of rattlesnakes not only deci-
mate the herds of cattle and horses but
are standing menace to life. Some
Of the experiments are being made by
the government and some by private in
dividuals. A report on some of the ex-
periments will be made at the coming
convention of the American Association
for the Advancement of Science in this
city and the question will be freely dis
cussed, as the topic is one that admits
of number of views. In general it is
however admitted that horses can be
immuned from the bite and poison OF
q rattlesnake and thus is deduced the
theory that man can likewise. AS vet
no one has volunteered to be the horri-
ble example, but scientists are patient
and long enduring.
One great difficulty has stood in the
way of experiments of mmuning
horses from the venom of the rattle
snake. When the famous Calmette
made his experiments on venomous
serpents the American rattlesnake was
not on his list Had he used one of
these snakes he would have had Sc
riouS check from the start. In inject
ing the venom of a rattlesnake into the
veins of a horse it was found that the
greatest degree of local irritation fol-
lowed, which counteracted any good
that the experiment would disclose.
The experimenters then tried heating
! the venom. At 20 degrees Calmetti
found that all of the irritating effect of
the venom of a cobra was lost. The
same heating by the American expert
menterS of the venom of rattlesnake
disclosed the fact that it then lost all
its toxic properties. 1t was found nee
essary to inject the dried venom in it's
normally active condition. The injec-
tions We're given simultaneously and
were followed by enormous edemata,
necroses and sloughs, so that after de-
termining that no immunity to the
local action developed this method was
abandoned and the intravenous used.
1t has been shown that after this
| method the interior of the vessels
showed no signs of injury because the
well-diluted venom met with greater
| dilution in the circulating blood. No
local or other irritative disturbances
| followed the intravenous injection, but
| the nervous impression was profound;
| the horse often fell and remained un-
| conscious for several minutes Two of
| the three horses died before antivenine
developed from the damage to the tis-
sues as result of the irritation pro-
| duced by the subcutaneous injection
Antivenine was obtained from the
| third animal. 1t met death, however,
| from an occidental entrance of the
| venom injection into the jugular vein.
The antivenine obtained was injected
into rabbit, two centimeters, and it
| protected the animal against a full
| dose of the rattlesnake venom. From
this is deduced the theory that people
can be immuned from snake-bite poi
son. but the practical method of OBJ
tanning the antivenine with surety,
and the absence of practical expert
ments on a human being leaves the
matter in the ranks Of theory.