davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily journal. (Salem, Or.) 1899-1903, 1901-06-10
NrW OFFICES Arp NrW suRpENs

II any ons thing was solemnly promis'
I'D over and over by the Republican
candidates In Marion county In the last
state campaign, II was that no new Of
lea should be created, no new fees or
salaries imposed on shs people, and no
incFeasad appropriations passed By the
legislature. OF course, this was violated
by the legislature by direct increase In
appropriations Of about 100000. Two
men were made ehsIrmsn Of the Approp-
riatiops committees who had never saved
money Tor themselves and how could
they save for the state2 il was not 10
b expected and 90 the taxpayer must
pay.
Bat II was necessary 10 create the
Offics Of County Road Engineer and
increase the emolumonta and fees Of
the CouHty Surveyor 20 that II will be
one OF tho most lucrative offices In the
county. The preceding legislature had
just established the precinct road super
visor elected by the people. TbA, systsm
shoald have been fully put into effect.
A new official called County Road
EngIaser", is sprung on the people, who
takes away all tho authority Of the road
road supervisors elected by tho people.
That is not ell. The sAms powers and
duties are virtually conferred upon the
County Surveyor. The counties have
two knglneers.
This part will appear later and win
involve many counties in expensive liti-
CATION. Already there is the Benton
county court seeking legal advice with
reference 10 the new Surveyors Law, sn.
acted At the late legislative session, The
Law creates nsv duties and new emolp.
msnls for the surveyor Of each county.
FOR Instance, II makes u tho duty OF ihs
surveyor 10 make plans and speciaea.
lions Tor bridges built under the sathor-
iiy Of the court, aud indicates that he
ahall have the supervision u their con
struction. County surveyor wsEsonor
was present At this weeks session
oi the Benton county court
70 claim his rights under the
law. lie claimed Il 70 b hiaduly 10 have
supervision oi the construction Of the
construction u al bridges, even the oul-
verts. where no regular engineer Was ap-
pointed BY the court. TIE court, on the
contrary thought that tho assistance Of
lhs surveyor Wonld not be necessary at
eat not II the smaller bridges 70 be
,nilt. and ths court said lhAl all bridges
q ihs eounty we're buill an aboa, ths
ams principal, and that no added ca
The daily journal. (Salem, Or.) 1899-1903, 1901-06-10
Mhsn Cerk. FInat unrinht.

A cork which Is longer than Il is
broad, which Is the case with all ordi.
nary eorks. floats upon its side 80 20
speak. How can We make Il noat
upon It's headl
Place one ON end upon a table and
around Il place six others. Seize them
all together and plunge them under wa
ter 30 as TO wet them completely. Then
remove your hand gently and let them
take their own position In the water,
when you will nnd that they win stand
upright as n supporting one another,
This Is because the water that pene-
tptes the cork win make them cling
sosetneE
The daily journal. (Salem, Or.) 1899-1903, 1901-06-10
Easlly e1plAlnsa.

A Glasgow cabby once had as fare
an Inverness minister and his wife.
lie had 10 drive them through the poor.
90 districts OF the city, and on reaching
their destination the minister at tho
same time handing eabby his legal
fare. asked;
why are there 80 many poor people
IN this city, cabmanT'
Jehu looked hard az the parson for a
minute before ho replied;
We'll. SIR, I'm no Ferra SURE; but, ye
see maist o the poor folk drive cabs,
aud tips are scarce here."-I.ondon An.
aWenA
The daily journal. (Salem, Or.) 1899-1903, 1901-06-10

The nrst paper money used IN lnls
country was issued by Pennsylvania
In itaA In the early part Of that year
$4,000 were issued on the credit OF
the colony. and a few months later
$4,000 more followed.
The daily journal. (Salem, Or.) 1899-1903, 1901-06-10
The way 90 Force plants 90 Braneh.

There is only one way In which a
plant can be forced to branch. and that
is by cutting OF the stalk The plant
thus interfered with will make an ef
fort TO grow, aud either a new shoot
will be sent mp to take the place OF the
lost top or several shoots will be sent
out along the stalk. II but one starts.
cut 1t back. Keep up this cutting back
process until you have prepared as
many branches as you think are need.
ed. Persistency and patience win
oblige the plant TO do as you would like
to have II do.-Ladies' Home Journal
The daily journal. (Salem, Or.) 1899-1903, 1901-06-10
What 20 the Children Drink1

Don't give them tea or coffee. Have
you tried the new food drink called
GRAIN-O II Is delicious and nour-
lshing and takes the place OF coffee.
The more Grain-O you give the chill
dren the more health you distribute
through their systems. Grain-o Is
made OF pure grains, and when prop.
erly prepared tastes like the choice
grades OF coffee but costs about a as
much. All grocers sell IL. 15c. and
Oke
The daily journal. (Salem, Or.) 1899-1903, 1901-06-10

diagnosed my case as uterine trouble
tending 10 dropsy. Medicine seemed 10
do me no cool fingered between life
and death for quite a while, every day
growing weaker until could not walk
across the room. My friends were look.
ing for my death every minute. A friend
wrote and told me about Or. R.V. Pierce.
and l az once wrote 10 him for medical
advice, Tie replied immediately. giving
me tnll instructions as TO what 10 10. I
AZ once followed his advice, and when I
had taken his medicine about a SyeeS
iel' a good deal stronger. When had
taken Il about one month I felt a. s,,',,,,'
as l do to-day. / took four bottl.s -
each kind and two vials of sPlsss,n,
,s,ist@ = Many thanks for the medicine.
II has permanently cured me
The daily journal. (Salem, Or.) 1899-1903, 1901-06-10
: MInnesota FederatlOn Of LABOR.

MANEATo, MINS., Juue l0.-The State
Federation OF Lobor opened its regular
here today. There and about
$50 delegates present. The strike ques.
tion il the most important one before
the convention.
The daily journal. (Salem, Or.) 1899-1903, 1901-06-10
Reduced Rates

are now in effect to Buffalo, New York
10 You expect 10 attend the Pan
american Exposition?
II so do not buy your ticket mill vor
nave investigated the service of ,i' tha 'Tu ~
Nhols Central railroad. ~
a. Oqr acco9modations are the best that
can ,'. oe had, our trains are ALWAYS ON ON
comodating. 'N0"' anu So-
Through tourist cars from Pacific
coast TO Boston via Buffalo. A'''''
II you will send l5 cents in stamns
~ ~ Suusess given below, We will forward
70 you, by return mail, one ol onr
large S4x40 inch wall maps of the Tnitsj
states, Cuba and Porto Rico. '''N
any information regarding rates AZ.
S,ll Soll oaatlons, service, time, Connections
stoP'oVers, s etc, will be cheerlully mT'
nlshed by '' iuI'
b. IL. nuMRUu.
Coml Ag't, III. Cent. r. r
l42 Third st., Portland ORA
The daily journal. (Salem, Or.) 1899-1903, 1901-06-10
MA TAsyt

There Is n0thiUg much more dis.
Hessing than an unfinished story. A
aumber OF people IN London drawing
room were conyersing about capital
punishment when a lady remarked:
How strange Il must seem 60 be
sentenced 60 deathw
Not 80 very, very strange. l assure
you. | was myself once condemned
TO death In Africa" said returned
African explorer.
"lndeedF exclaimed the lady. "And
were you-dld they
"Dld they what. madameP'
why. did they execute you. you
know Exchange.
The sun., 1901-05-26
"

The most valuable chapters ofMr Sawyer's
hook nrc devoted 10 an exposition Of the agri-
cultural rorestal. mineral, industrial and
commercial resources Of the Philippines
our author has no doubt That the main source
of wealth In the archipelago Is TO be looked
for in the development " it, agriculture
The fertile land. the heavy rainfall and tho
solar heat may be turned to the permanent
enrichment Of the country The SOL is thore
and tho labor l. there. all that Is wanting il
captal and settled government that will
make roads and bridges and keep them In re-
pair clear the rivers Of distractions and I'M
prove the ports. and. above all. establish and
maintain trustworthy courts OF justice Mr.
SAWYER has no doubt TINT. under equally
favorable social and economical conditions,
a population equal 20 that Of Java could live
in nfruenco in the Philippines
At the time Of the first arrival Of tho Span
iards the agriculture Of tho Philippines con-
sisted mainly In the cultivation Of ri,o. II IL
TO the Spanard' that the natives owe the In
PRODUCTION Of maize, coffee. Cacao, sesame.
tobacco, the indigo plant. tho swcct potato
and many fruits II WAS the SpauardS also
who imported horses horned cattle and sheep
on the other hand, tho great development OF
the cultivation Of sugar and h"mp is due
almost entirely to British capital Tobacco
j. an import ant crop in the Philippines, md
from the year 1881 was cultivated IN laglynn
"a a Government monopoly, undor a system
Of forced labor which, however, was abolished
In lSs! The export of leaf tobacco from
Manila. the only shipping port for that pro-
duct, has increased from ?0i,j92 qulntals in
1855 to 2s7 isl uuintalS In l>07 while, during the
the same per the export Of cigars increased
from iOoiNo thousands - ~ 40 thousands
OF hemp In 1897, no fcwcr than 0l5,a bales
were exported, II We take the average prico
at that time - SIS per bale we get a sum of
over Sl3, ,73o 90 ~ the value Of that year's rX-
ports Of thut commodity
Tho spread 2f the sugAr cane cultivation
In the Philippines from the year 1870 was rapid
but recently n has suffered from compe-
tiion with the beet sugar product In 1893
tho export of cane sugar amounted tO 200
o"n tons ana even In 1897 20 nearly gOOO 900
ton1. The export Of coffee has almost on
trely c'0sci owing apparently 70 tho raw
ages of an Insect which DESTROYS The bushc,
The export Of the berry dwindlcd from lO;,-
?3H picnlS in 1884, 10 2.ili piculs In 1897 Mr.
SAWYER, however, is convinced that there il
an opening for coffee PLANTING on many of
'HP e!''.'Hi rldt"dus of the island, and that
the Application Of capital combined with
skill to this Industry would md It's reward
on me whole, our nuihor reaches the conchl-
sion mat with peace, honest government and
good Vssranoy law the export Of produce
The sun., 1901-05-26
The Peoples Of the Philippine Archipelago.

Pending tie appearance OF an English
translation uf the Jesuit history OF the Philip
pines, printed in spanish the best work on
the subject will be found in the volume COM
prising some 400 pages, and entitled the
Inhabitants Of the Philippines by FREDERIC
Il SAWYER tScribnersl This book presents
the outcome Of frSt-hand observation and
experience. and 1t may be added that tho
author was a well-qGalihed observer. lie
arrived in Manila with a thorough command
of the Spanish language, and soon acquired
a know ledge of the TaEll tongue His voca-
ton brought him into contact with all classes
or the community officials, priests. land
owners. mechanics and peasants For four
teen years he resided IN Lu2on, making trips
either on business or for recreation all over
the central and southern provinces OF That
island, also visiting tcbu, 1lOilo and other
places IN the NISayan Islands, "a well as tal-
amines. Cuyos and Pnllwan The writer's
estimate OF tho inhabitants Of the islands IL
moro favorable than that formed by many
other forei gncrs He tells us that he found
his clients puu,tual in their payments. and
his employees, whether wOrkmon or servants,
sklful. industrious and grateful A re-
CARDS the accusation Of bring savngeS and
incapable of civilization, an accusation made
by Mr. Whitelaw Reid and senator Bevordge,
Mr. sawyer reminds us that the TagalS can
claim 70 have treated their prisoners Of war;
both Spnniards and Americans, with hu-
manity and on this score may challenge
comparison with the Boer Mr. Sawyer
shows himself Just and equitable even In his
comments on the Spanish rule. Tie admits
that IL was corrupt and defective. and that 1t
was behind the age. yet he recognizes that
IT. was not without some good points His
observations and researches havo convinced
him that, until an inept bureaucracy was
substituted for the old pnternal regime, and
the revenue quadrupled by Increased taxa
ton, the Filipnos were as happy a com-
munity as could be found In any colony. The
people greatly multiplied they lived In COM
petence II not in affiuence; the cultivation
Of the soil was extended. and the exports
was steadily increased To the natives
was secured the perpetual usufruct Of the
land they TILED. and thcy were protected
against usury.
The sun., 1901-05-26
VII.

In the twenty-fourth chapter the author
discusses the characteristics Of the Tagnl
people Writing before the outbreak Of tho
insurrcctiOn against American authority, Mr.
Sawyer testines that the Tagals make good
soldiers and can march long distances bare
footed They gave proofs Of pluck and
endurance when assisting the French in
Tonqun. II well led they will advance re-
gsrdless OF danger; when once engaged they
become frenzied and bloodthirsty, most
difficult 10 restrain. They are not improved
by being made 10 wear gloves boots, helmets
and European uniforms" As sailors they
are unsurpassed In the East They navigate
their schooners and lorchas with much skill,
although the rigging and outfit are seldom
kept in thorough order. unless they have a
Spanish captain They serve both as sailors
and fremen In the coastwise steamers belong
ing TO Manila, and they manned all the smaller
vessels Of the Spanish Navy in the Philippines
Most OF tho British and foreign steamers in
the far East carry Manila men "a quarter
masters The Tagals are considered TO be
the most skilful hemsmen
As clerks and storekeepers MIR SAWYER
found the TagalS honest assiduous and wei
behaved A draughtSmen they were fairly
skiful in drawing from hand sketches, and
eXCelled in copying or tracing. but were quite
untrustworthy In taking out quantities and
computing When doing business with tho
Tagals our author found that the older men
could be trusted If | gave them credit.
says he, for one OF two years, which was often
the case could depend upon tho money
being paid when due. unless some calamity.
such "a a food or a couGagraton. had rem
dcred It impossible for them u find tho cash
In such mn event, which seldom happened
they would advise me Of their inability before
hand, and perhaps bring "a portion Of tho
money, giving nm interest hearing note for
the remainder, and never denying the debt
| never made a bad debt amongst them. aud
gladly testify to their punctilious honrsty
This idea Of the saCr"dncss Of an obligation
seems % prevail amongst many Of the Malay
race~, even among the Tagal savages-
When dealing. on the other hand. with tho
younger men. who had been educated in
Manila. in Hong hong, or even in Europe, Nlr
sawyer observed that tho idea Of the Sacrrd-
ness Of an Obligation had been cradicatod
been implanted in H. stead Il may NV
that whilst the unlcttrrcd ngrioulturi,t
with his od-fashiOned garb and uuot, dig
nih"d manner, inspired Hs with ,hc respect
due 70 an honest and worth" nam the feeling
evolved from discussion with the younger
and educated men, dressed in Europann
clothes. who had been pupils in tho Atenao
Municipal or in THE University of Santo
Tomas. was less favorable. and IL became
The sun., 1901-05-26

What was the kaupnnnn' This secret
society /. discussed IN u chapter which gives
an account Of 'hc Introduction OF IRE" Ma
apury into tn" Philippines lh" hr-i Masonic
lodge in the archipelago was founded at
CavItc about 1850 Two distinguished haNh
officers we're the founders soon aI'"rWhrd
another lodge was started IN HamhohhHd
also under naval auspices About 'NoN a
lodge as established IN Manila hy foreigners.
rich Filipino however. being so'r''ary
These lodges. and others subsequently,
founded, had ~ first only Peninsula Npnh-
iard- or other Europeans ~ mehher7' uH'
gradually creolcs, mesti1oS ihaII-"r''dH'
and natives ioincd tho brotherhood ~ 'h'
lodges IN the PHILIPPINES had been originated
by anti-clrrcal Spauiard~ of liberal views
tho FiNpinos who ioin"d them found brrthr'h
disposed 10 ,ympathiar with them ana u"
worl, with them against IN" frar' lher"
was no i.lcu. 80 far "a tho spanish NaNonH
were concerned. ~ revolving ngaihst 'h'
mother country. the aim wa> Simply '' "il"s
about n more liberal government ln''uo'hH
representation for the civilized provinces
In the Spanish Cortes Such repreeeht','""
had formerly existed. and only required 10
bc revived. There had been Filipino Deputies
The sun., 1901-05-26

A chapter ia allotted To the manufactures
and industries which are carried on IN tho
islands The making OF cigars and Ciga-
rcttcs employs some 3l,0)) people in tho Prov
incc Of Mnnila, tho vast majority Of whom
are women The best cigars, however are
made By men who have been trained under
skilled operatives brought from Havana our
author says that since the Government
monopoly wns abolished thu Manila cigars
are "a well made and put up Gs tlstcfully
as are tho cuban products Textiles are made
in and looms all over tho archipelago by
the women In their spare timo, but In cor
tain provinces large numbers Of women
are regularly employed ~ loom working for
thos' who make 4 business of II. In llocos
and Union excellent Covcrlcts. sheets, nap
hns. hnndkcrchicfS and toscS are woven
from cotton. blue cotton cloth called
guingo similar 70 what sailors call dun
garcc is pronounced suitable for military
OF naval uniforms In some OF the towns
Of Pampanga and Buacan excellent Nlk
handkerohiefs are woven. II IL, however.
especially from lloilo and the nelghborhood
The sun., 1901-05-26
Mr snrvcr refntcs tlto current helicf TINT

MIR SAWYER refutcs tlh current belief thnt
no advance was made, or could be made,
under Spanish rule The obstacles to prog
ress. indeed, are recognized II Is pointed
out that the Colonial Minister AT Madrid was
lmporuned on the one hand by doctrnnirr
Liberals. whose crude schemes of reform
would have spread confusion in tho Islands.
md on tho other hnnd he was confronted by
the serricd pha1ny Of the friars, who Ind
many literary bravo in their pay Even
under such adverse circumstances thc Spanish
administration could boast Of some reforms
md improvements slavery, for example.
Ind been nj o'ishcd in Cnguynn. the forced
cultivation Of tobacco had been rcnouuccd,
and throughout tho archipelago the corrcc.
or system Of compulsory labor, had boon
rendered less burdcusomo telegraph
rablo connecting Manila with Hong konE
and thus with the telegraph neyus Of the world
had been laid and subsidized Telegraph
" res had been extended through all the priu-
cipal towns Of Lu2on, and lines Of mail 'team-
ors to all the principal ports OF n" archl-
pclago had boon established. Under Govern
mont yuarautce railway 100 miles long
had been built from Manila to Dagupnn.
There were horse tram"ay7 in tho suburbs
Of Manila and steel trumw1y ran from tho
rapital - Mahhon The quay walls OF th"
pa-ig had been improved, and the river it'"lr
had been illuminated from il mouth 10 th"
bridge by powerful electric arc lights. Several
lrhthou-c' had been constructed and others
were in progress WatorworkS had been
completed at Manila and had sicnnlly re-
ducch the Cl'y's mortality The school" IN
Luyon wrro w"l attended. and large pro-
portion Of the population could read and
write Technical schools had been estab-
lshed in Manila and lolo and were eagerly
attended Mr.. Sawyer submits that some
The sun., 1901-05-26
THE SUN, SUNDAY, MAY 2s, 1901.

credit seems TO be duo TO the Spanish ad-
mnistration for these measures.
Our author thinks that even the religious
orders have been denounced too indiscrimi-
nately. They are not wholly bad and they
have had a glorious history. They held
the islands from 1870 10 1923 without any
permanent garrison OF Spanish Regular
troops. and from 1928 10 1898 with about
800 artillerymen They did not entirely
rely upon brute force" At the same time
Mr. Sawyer admits that the religious orders
are no longer suited 70 the circumstances
OF the Philippines. They have survived
their usefulness -They are an anachron-
ism. But they have brought tho Philip
pines a long way on the path Of civilization
Let us be just. what British French or Dutch
colony populated by :.1tives can compare
with the Philippines ns they were till 1882"
What regime would Mr. Sawyer recon-
mend? He comedies that three centuries
of Spanish rule do not constitute NJ prepa-
raticn for an independent government OF
the archipelago. He thinks, however, that
central and southern Luzon. with the ad-
jacent islands, might be formed into State.
whose Inhabitants would be all Tagals and
Vicols. and the northern part OF Luzon into
another State whose most important peoples
would be the Pampangos, the Pansasinancs.
tho llocalos and tho Cagayanes II is sug-
gested that the Igorrotes and other heathen
might have special protector TO look after
their interests The islands peopled by
Visayas might form third State. while
Mindanao and southern Palawan might he
governed like a British Crown Colony The
Sulu sultanate could be a protectorate. on
the model OF North Borneo or the Malay
States Manila could he made federal
district. and foreign Consuls could be ac-
credited 10 Preside mt McKinley's represent
atve. under whose exclusive direction might
be placed the foreign relations Of the whole
archipelago Mr. Sawyer Is convinced that
there should be one tariff for all the Islands
and that the Custom Houses. tecgraphs.
Post Offices and lighthouses should be under
the direct control of United States offlcials.
whether native or American. Under such
limitations our author is OF the opinion that
the Tagals. Pampangos and Visayas might
be intrusted with the Management Of their
own affairs In that event NJ garrisons
would need TO he maintained except In GER
tain selected healthy localities, though. OF
course. transports should be always at hand
TO convey troops wherever they should be
requisite.
The sun., 1901-05-26

from the Philippines might be doubled In
twenty years should capital be forthcoming
in sufficient amount
According to Mr. Sawyer. tho forestal value
or the Philippines has been grossly exag-
serated During the three and a quarter
centuries Of Spanish domination In the arch
ipelago the forests OF Luzon supplied enor-
nous quantities Of the finest timber for build
Ing houses, churches. converts. bridges. war
ships, lighters and canoes No care was ever
taken, however, to replant. and the result Is
that at the present day long logs OF the most
desirable kinds OF timber are not obtainable
In Luzon except In the most distant and least
accessible parts Of that island Only In the
fever-stricken island OF Mindoro and in GER
tain sections OF Tslawan and Mindanao are
large and valuable trees TO be met with in
considerable quantities IL 10 further to DO
noted that In the Philippines valuable trees
do not grow together In clusters as they do
In the forests Of California and Oregon. The
number Of logs derivabe from any given
district would be so small that a tramway
would be Improbable. As for exporting
the timbers Of the Philippines to the United
states or elsewhere there Is no need to do
that. inasmuch a. the demand for, timber in
Manila and other towns IL greater than the
supply, On the other hand. Oregon or Nor
way pine is useless for building purposes In
the archipelago innsmuch as IL Is devoured
within year or two by the white ant. II
seems that, in spite OF warnings, the United
States military authorities have constructed
stables and storehouses OF this timber. SO
far as Mr.. Sawyer could learn there Is no true
teak wood In the Philippines. neither is true
ebony found in the forests. The nearest ap-
proach to ebony is very handsome and
heavy wood called camason. The most USE
ful timber in the island Is molave. which is
proof against the white ant and almost i'm
perishable.