The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1901-01-22

the sap from the plant. For these
then, substances are used that will
kill by contact, and these are found
in whale oil soap, kerosene emulsion,
and crude petroleum, etc. Of these
we will consider only the first two,
as it seems that more experimental
ton is necessary to prove the safety
of applications of petroleum.
In the application of these, too,
the spray pump is essential. Whale
oil soap is dissolved in water at from
n pound to the gallon to two
pounds to the gallon, depending upon
the tree treated, and the pest to be
subdued. As this ~insectiCide must
be brought into immediate contact
with the insect itself, the greatest
thoroughness is essential in this
work. Applications for the various
species of scale insects are best made
during the winter, when the leaves
are off, and the trees in dormant con-
ditiOn. Application for the species
of plant lice must be made when
they appear in the spring or summer,
as they increase with such rapidity
that any delay is disastrous.
In order to apply whale oil soap,
it should be dissolved in the water
while it is boiling hot, and should be
applied while it is warm This is
somewhat trouble, but it is a safer
method than the use of kerosene
against the harder scale insects as
the San Jose scale, as the kerosene
must be used so strong to kill them
that there is some danger to the
trees.
Owing to the difficulty of procur-
ing and preparing the whale soap,
the writer for the present recon-
mends kerosene emulsion against
scale insects, at the rate of 30 per
cent. kerosene in water for a winter
wash on all fruit trees, except peach.
For the mere application of Paris
green and such other stomach pOis-
ons as are in use, a pump may be
procured at low cost, that will serve
| the purpose, but if a large orchard
is to be treated, it will be better to
buy a pump fitted into a barrel,
which is more expensive.
For general use ver small areas,
the writer would recommend a bucket
Dr knapsack pump that is provided
with a tank attachment, the amount
# which is regulated by an indexed
lever. The same pump has a place
for the water, and the operation of
pumping mixes the ingredients me-
chanically.
If kerosene emulsion is to be used
with one of the cheaper pumps,
which have not the tank for kerO-
Sene, the emulsion must be prepared,
which is quite hard work, hence the
recommendation of a pump with the
kerosene attachment.
Still another proposition is offered
in the case of insects affecting stored
vegetable products, grains, etc, and
these are vercom by the 8 of
poisonous fumes, as of carbon bi-sul-
phide or hydrocyanio acid gas.
To make a brief review of the
classes of insecticides, we find that
we have:
L. Stomach poisons, as Paris green.
2. Repellants, as tobacco dust.
8. Contact poisons, as kerosene.
4. FumigatiOn poiSons, as carbon
bi-sulphide.
LIST OF DEALERS IN SPRAYING APPA-
RATUs.
Goulds Pump Co, Seneca Falls,
N. Y.
Morrell & Morley, Benton Harbor,
Mich.
Deming Pump Co, Salem, Ohio.
Field Force Pump Co, Lockport,
n. Y.
P. c. Lewis Manufacturing Co.,
Catskill, N. Y.
StahI Pump Co, Quincy, Ill.
The writer is glad to correspond
with those interested in these mat
tiers. FRANKLIN SHERMAN, JR.,
Entomologist Dept of Agriculture,
Raleigh, N. G.