The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1901-04-12
FARM ! AN d GA RDENlI.,,
MATTERS OF rHTEREsr -
$s ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.
| zone Up-to-I3sts Hintss About curnvs-
s'oo OF the SOIL and Yields Ther.of-
sHortieolturs, sitinultnrs and Flor,cui-
tsrA

Black Knot OF Plum and Cherry.
We have received the following COM
nunication from the Indiana Experi-
ment Station:
Inc opinion is quite prevalent among
farmers and many fruit growers. that
the disease known as Black Knot. so
o1'en FOUND upon plum and cherry
1ees' Is caused by certain insects. It
10 eue that we may often find upon.
suetlng open these knots, the larvae
~ certain insects, but it is a univer-,
saliy recognized fact, among those who
nave given the matter careful atten-
'lon' That these unsightly, knotty ex-
slescences are due to a special funfus
wnlcn Is almost always confined to the
plun and sour cherry. The insects are
mere, because they find these knots
20 De good breeding places.
Inc swellings are first noticed in
eaf!y spring, often as soon as growth
| Deg!as. They are then of yellowish
w.. !" crop VI ~sl,ol si,--. u No.
' ~ 80 seeds in higher plants, apr4. Ny
-, -, Tue surface of the knots, .re.f anr
s 70 the naked eye soft dol
,uvetlng. This soon disappears, y lesen-
10 Knots continue to get darker Iowny
sinter. when they have the cha Wnen
efistlc black color, which makes d Until
= conspicuous at this season of arac-
ear. II examined carefully latI them
be fall, the surface ~ tho Lnnt the
. round to be covered with a lie IN
lany minute pfmples or elevate VIII
anh orr6af |
acn one OF which is fruit of the sle"'
~ IA which the winter spores a'ions'
gus IN which the winter spores are
contained. These are in turn distrib-
ueeo later on, and find lodging place
~ Tue crotches Of limbs and in the
openings OF the bark. and at the juno
LUIS Oh the annual growths AS these
spotes terminate they send their veg
'e organs into the growing It's
sues OF the branch, causing swellings,
WHICH often extend along the branches
iour or five inches. These vegetatiye
tissues 90 not all die during the win
Ter put some live over, and so new {
evenings at the edges of the old ones. {
may De seen the following year. In t
: .nie way the branch may continue to l
w INFESTED until finally it becomes
completely surrounded, when the cir a
S ~! Is cut of and the branch dies. Q
:" nen these knots appear upon several t
branches at the same time, it is only t
q question of very short time before u
The tree will die. n
treatment: The treatment generally II
recommended is to cut off the knots g
and ourn them, which is good thiue II
. oo' II 1t Is done before the winter n
spores nave been distributed. If not, "
nen some additional treatment will o.
'e necessary. 1t is recommended there q
ore tnat all knots" be cut of and
burned during the month (February) e.
ND IN addition to this, spray the trees ~
With strong solution of Bordeaux u
MIXTURE during the first warm days of q :,
pring. About the time that buds start, 81
pray again with the ordinary strength -
'oroeaux mixture. This ought to de- 49,
troy all OF the winter Spores Then -,
! case the branches may have been So
lreaoy infected the previous year. :.
ley should be sprayed again during ~,
le latter part of May and the first so s
June. The young knots NAV he 49,
sstroyed by painting them with chic ~
'-naphtholeum or with pure kerosene chi
!. Whenever these remedies are or
oroughly applied, there will be no
ouble in controlling the disease. pro- TO,
ding all old. worthless trees have va
en cut out and burned and proyid-
g also that the people of the entire
lghborhood cooperate in this plan +,
action. Wherever the Damson plum ~,
grown this disease is almost sure IN s sau
present; and as it is one of the ees'
1]urlous plant diseases referred to s en-
the Indiana inspection law, the by by,
cessity for prompt action on the part -
all owners Of infested trees. viii be 49,
dent to all. Troop, Horticul- ro1
list. 1ot
two
wat
ne Low Down Commercial Fertilizer. col,
The commercial fertilizer is again MA,
evidence. The barn door and the is :
IN a,,t, ~. oeam Win the adver- ing,