The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1901-02-10

'hs ,Hrtlpu nlHntsuf lamp hal hH~h Hh'l' ~"
i.ts ~ starr. IN ,mHrr en- WI" is-'rh"iin
q Hnu.h latent .I~ ih.a'I'n . iampin Nhhh
sis,t0, current pass~l thrpush q MN s'np
~ ,aftun ksrf 81 hsstsi shii" shsn ar
rounded by q sias- bun in Which . v''nnn'
49, mainfansi starr hpi ethihttTi ht-
t,mt- ~ f1-,day In inaiani AMI ras ~"
tanns ~ construct . yHamo- 10 furnish "i"'-
fds current fof thew IN pis'" ~ ha'i"fi'-
but srifisn hath pvt an ~nd ~ hi Iah"r-
mo sp.,lncttiuu ~d~-rrtfns ht= lang -
t~fhap- No e,fhs-, ds-'npn"n ~ ho in"sn
100. sut lamp ~ sny pfpmi-~ ant w" sub
~-.,pisntly 70 pf,l.l iira- ~ Inventors ~
~ f,s work - Isiispn s"sm NV slnn-' ~
the nature " fstrosrtds movements non"
- thsm ra- au~~r-sful commercially
starr. Who We pnly y, years - -" . -"
ppr'~d ~ have li~i ~ o%vefFofh 'nd sofrv
,p bi. Efforts ~ perfect hs invention We
ii.a. we're ev%tiontly 'sf ln advance ~ ht-
tune
Tho Iiison lamp offered from th"'"
vhllh pfcrnleI b. In tho extremely small
sao',up n tho rtfhon strip rendered boz Nv
the current and he tho perfection ~ no"
vacuum In vbt,h f vp- mounted IN"
fumen' vas 0rH' muln ~ C~ari'"nis"d
rrusr ant arcfyarl ~ bamboo carbon
Tho mYI.rn n,1ulcsr'ut lamp hpa f"r
years prst b..'n provided wtth q nlnm"n'
wpIr hy . chemical pru.csa Tho carbon
FORMED p eN.r-lIngly homogeneous AMI
~ uniform rlrrfr. resistance Illaon
nrat rsbilltsi his isnp iu hia laboratory
~ Ncnlp Park. Sew Jrr.rv. lu December.
1870 nu' before Do rpull boz properly utilized
an enormous amount of work hai hal 10
D." dome liia task vas not merely ~" i'm
ur.vppDnt NJ I'm art already existing ~
wa. tho creation ~ u new art Special
dynamo MACHINES had - D" invented AMI
constructed fur working th" Itmp~ sVi'che-
WEI" neried Tor connecting n discon-
ne, ting lamps AMI groups ~ lnmI-. meters
fur measuring III" consumption ~ electric
energy we're wanted safety fusoS and cut
ors had 20 he provided. oI"Ctroliers or
fixtures to support tho lamps were required.
aud. lastly. n complete system Of under
ground mains with appurtenances was a
requisite for city plants.
Even tho steam engines Tor driving tho
dynamos had 10 boz remodelled and I'M
proved for eL-tric work. and ten years u
electric lighting development did more
toward tho refinement and perfection OF
steam engines than Atty years preceding.
Steadiness Of lights meant the preser-
walton OF steady speed In the driving ma
chinery The Pearl street station In New
York city was the frat installation FOR the
supply Of current for incandescent lighting
IN a city district. The constant-pressure
I,-... ., .aN. . -
enlarged. The details Of all parts Of the
system were made more perfect. and
in the hands Of Edison and others the
~incandescent lamps. originally Of high cost.
We're much cheapened and the quality Of the
production was greatly improved. Lamps
originally cost 81 each. The best lamps
that are made can be had at present for
about one-flfth that price. Millions of in
candcscent lamps ara annually manufact-
ured. Great lighting stations furnish the
current for tho working Of these lamps.
some stations containing machinery aggre-
eating many thousands OF HORSEPOWER
capacity Not only do these stations
furnish electric energy for the working Of
arc lamps and incandescent lamps, but In
addition for iupumernble motors ranging
In size from the small desk fan Of one-tenth
horse power up to those Of hundreds Of
hors' power. The larger sizes replace
steam or hydraulic power FOR elevators.
and many are used In shops or factories
for driving machinery such az printing
presses. machinery tools and the like.
In spite OF the fact that II was well known
that u good dynamo when reversed could
be made a source OF power. few electric
motors were in use until q considerable time
after the establishment OF the first lighting
stations. Even In 1854 az the Philadelphia
Electrical Exhibition only a few electric
motors were shown. Not until 1855 or
thereafter lid the motor load Of an electric
station begin to be a factor In its business
success. The motors supplied are an adj
vantageous adj unct inasmuch as they pro-
vide a day load. increasing the output Of
the station at a time when the lighting load
il small and when the machinery in con-
sequence would. without them. have to
remain Idle. The growth II the application
Of electric motors in the closing years Of
the q ,tury has been phenomenal. even
leaving out Of consideration their use in
electric railways.
Twenty years ago an electric motor was
a curiosity; fifty years ago crude examples
run by batteries were only to be OCCASION
ally found in cabinets Of scientific appa-
ratus. Machinery Hall at the Centennial
Exhibition Of 1879 typihed the mill OF the
past. never again to be reproduced, with
it's huge engines and lines Of heavy shafting.
and belts conveying power 10 the different
tools or machines in operation. The modern
mill or factory has its engines and dynamos
located wherever convenient. its electric
lines and numerous motors connected there
TO and each of them either driving CON-
paratively short lines of shafting or at
tached to drive single pieces Of machinery.
The wilderness Of belts and pulleys which
used 90 characterize n factory IL gradually
being cleared away and electric distribution
Of power substituted. Moreover. the light
ing of the modern mill or factory is done
from the same electric plant which distrib-
utes pow y.
The electric motor has already partly
revolltionized the distribution OF power
for stationary machinery. hut ~ applied 10
railways in place Of animal power the revo-
luton il complete. tn" period which has
- in NH- a. -.