The Butte inter mountain. [volume] (Butte, Mont.) 1901-1912, 1901-09-06

trades. Even bricklayerS IN -soW AoTA
have increased their speed 30 per cent In
the last ten years. and a German Lilck.
layer lays SO per cent more brick than ne
did in Germany. A weaver now operatee I
twenty to twenty five looms where by hand
one was enough.
that 1t tntensiaes exertion or even that
it displaces labor, but that 1t cuts wages.
A certain tannery introduced macoane 20
take the place of men at lS per week
The men were forced to work for ~ week,
and then the proprietors threw out the ma.
chine because labor was cheaper. -almoat
universally employers hold 1T absurd that
they should be asked to keep % man on
the $3.50 machine which takes MS clac9
II such view succeeds. then machinery
does not stand on its own merits. Ameri- |
ca exceeds in the introduction Of machinery
because American wages are 50 nisn thAs
employers must seek machine substitutes
But plainly, If the machine Is used 10 cut
wages then the economic reasons for Ills |
introduction are gone. and II becomes
mainly q club to cow labor. contrast Inc
tannery machine above mentioned vain
the type setting machine. The compostto.s
when faced by this machine saw that OoyS
and women were likely to take the places
of men, and their wages likely 10 &c cut
and hours heightened. On the contrar2,
at the present time, these same compoSlto!s
who formerly set type by hand ten 70
twelve hours day at whatever they coulo
make paid by the piece, are now opera.."s
the machines six to nine hours oay az
minimum of SIS to $40 per week, ACCORDING
ito locality. paid by the day. Az the SIMS
time the cost Of composition TO the en-
ployer has been reduced two-thirds. here
It is plain machinery stands on Its merits.
1t has benefited directly both the worKmSn
and the employer. 1t has not peen q c-uo'
hut an economy. But notice, the only cen
dition that made the effect OF the typeset
ting machine different from that OF ma
chinery in other trades was the strs"S'"
and wisdom of the printers trade union
n NAV be stated as automatic that 'aooT
without organization will be reduced to
the lowest wages. longest hours. and naro-
est exertion that physical strength can en-
dure Lack Of organization Is the esscAco
of the sweating system. Appaien. uus ~" ~
real executions to this rule are members OF
those highly skilled trades or tnose 1nol-
viduals Of extra gifts who are advanced as
experts or as supervisors OF pacea ~"
for the less gifted mass. and those hoIi
union workmen in trades where union
exists. Setting aside these exceptions
which prove the rule, there Is no suDsetu-
ton for organization for the . sat na
| iority Of worlkingmen and WORKING women
except legislation, ana IN Propol ,,...,a
organisation falls the oenaho A"A ASe
While organization Is essential. It canno.
succeed If not rightly directed. For TINS
reason the old-time trade union Is saoa . =
GIVING way to the industrial union. AS =
Manufacturing establishment grows anu
MAJ. a trust. It can subdivide its opera
! tors and substitute automatic macnlneas
until It eliminates trade Sail: Ihereioi.
| tha union based on trade skill controaS
| sma,ler and smaller proportion or the en-
| nloves. although. on account OF the grown
| If the business. the absolute hu1nosi
| skilled men in the country may not oe ~
duced. This Is the reason a WHY .ae are non
| union. To an outsider Is seems Unfair
that 10 or 25 per cent of the workHen.
those who are skilled-shoulo oe a".e
stop the work of an entire lhous..s =. ~
dsr that they aleAe may get an increase VI
,,aees or the recognition of their union.
Another point, where the older trauee
union theory is giving way: Is IN l.s s
of restriction of output. Inese 20 ~
p ace with non-union shops where
aohinerv and division of labor are car
inca 70 their limits. This disadvantage ~
ohscured for time by the device ., ;n nc
label which has enabled enipio ~ cell their
workmen in certain cases 10 sen '" 90
rroduct at higher prices than those 70 :.
rafved by employers of non-unlon,s.s ~
tha label cannot be considered .ea.u' 80 =.
organization-it produces s nhu for
Use unionism: it is only supst0ute ~
billboard advertislhs' an"
scope. ,,rv.s a new union
tenn ia springing up which pids ialr , ~
} more for the Work'n ~ re- mast, mast This il
that mas oe ea,,ed Industrial unionism IN
n1ace of trade unionism. II taxes 4.as, o.
Forms. all the way from amaleanaa.'o. =. q
. in the case Of the mine wor aea =, the
. na Generation as in the case u .>
G1osS Garment Workers and Unlteo ma.
.ona The Mine Workers union Is no longs 80
rn,on of mine workers alone. ous 90
c,ufes day laborers. top men, ,..,,,, On
: n.ar. hlacksmiths. fremen. holstlils e. en-
p ems, fact, everybody who WORKS 4I,t TO-
s,,as In or about a mine. Inc onAe.s
Was workers in New YORK CITY az
l 1"w conducting for the hrst tiIne =,
: eral str.ne under a cSnsfn nart. covering
3 WI an+;re trade. except the ltalian woIae =
r w work at home. This new torM y. TO- q,
v NM is not necessarily an amalgamau 'sa
nor does it wipe out trace .1nIs, hut i
;. nttemnted. by the knights OF LABOR, ~ 49,
. aa t;rether all the trades ana an -. ~
s,.,,,eS workmen who work IN the ST. S.na
8 s',strv much as the United states 49,
e r,oration binds together us coaa.n osc
q corporations. Certain stront t hecanse the,
e nnnosed to making sacrinces ~: !"
, at associates, but In propot.,o'
We 600 these unskilled men WIN ~.
chinery taking their places nro,sct,nS them
= wakening to the neeo OF P'oeees
3 sa,ves by protecting them: obstruction
seNe nov unionism abandons res'lIe' ~
: inI w. emnloyer in the matters .. ' =,
,,orv diyision of labor. olscip~ ,rh
establishment and speeu arose his ow
r Employer becomes free as to m nny Economy
>, business ana "
Improvement. .,,,os ~ share the I'D
,,antares of machinery, DIVISION '..oot,rr II
snd 9ne BY hours Of iasq
~ a.,r Tho minimum day wages CIV
2 rals.s the niece prices. Shorter ILL., ~.
~ na,,re all the advantages hopeu ~ 90 =,
lon Of and io se;sss
q tensity Of exert aon: are controlled on II
Hours ns. ana on which they can tair.s- -
only Tas through conference" cenrt
tSe Of labor s and Compel
q sapta the for employer s%s alone
tive nc.a nr the labor union alone. either ..
them. nor ta 10 dsspotism but the repre-