davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-02-16
WILL BE INDEPENDENT.
AdOlph Segal to Build Sugar Re
finery at Philadelphia.

Philadelphia. Pa. Feb. 16-Adolph segal.
who . associated with him several
wealthy capitalists. viii build upon the Del
aware River front in this city one Of the
largest sugar refneries in the United States.
1t L. stated that the new refinery will be
operated independently Of the American
Sugar Refining Company, which controls
practically all Of the renneries now in op-
GRAFTON
Several millions of dollars will. It II said.
be expended upon the plant.
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-02-16
ssccessf.l Revival Meetins.

VIRGINIA. Ill, Feb. Kan unusually sue
cessful revival meeting 10 In progress at
the F1rgt n. e. Church, In charge Of Doctor
J. Burchett. assisted by Ensign Hale
y lady cadets and captains OF Saliva
ton Army prominence.
There were fifteen conversions last night,
making thtrty-four conversions within the
past ten Gays. The meetings viii close Sun
dry. Seven hundred persons attended the
evening meetings, and the greatest OF inter-
est prevails.
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-02-16

Fayette. Mo. Feb. 1.-THE marriage of
MI richard Perry Spencer, City Attorney
arc. St the home Of the brides parents. MT.
2 MA N: ". Leonard. OF this city, last
nlent, Was the social event Of the season.
Aoiei Leonard of Utah., uncle of the bride.
Many out.of-town relatives and friends were
present. The bride Is a member of one OF
the oldest and most prominent famiiis. in
miseour1, and the groom Is a son Of Mrx
Annie Spencer OF this city. They viii re-
side In Marshall.
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-02-16
Milwaukee SENTINEL SOLD.
Charles F. Pfster and Other Re
publicans Are Purchasers.

Milwaukee. Wis. Feb. 1k-Announcement
was made to-day that the Milwaukee Sem
unel has been sold to Charles F. Pfster ana
other Republicans Of this city. The terms
Of the sale a W not been made public.
Monday.
The Milwaukee Sentinel Is the oldest
newspaper In the State of Wisconsin, hay-
ing been established In 1857.
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-02-16
TO HONOR SENATOR DAVIS.
Minnesota Legislature May Appro.
pirate $4,000 for a Statue.

st. Paul. Mimi. Feb. Ex-senator Horton
to-day introduced a bill IN the Legislature
appropriating $4,000 Tor q statue Of the late
United States Senator Cushman KELLOGG
Davis. to be placed in Statuay Hall In the
National Capital at Washington.
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-02-16
NEW HEAD OF THE MAs0Ns.
Duke Of Connaught Unanimously
Elected Grand Master.

London. Feb. 15.-At . special meeting
Of the Grand Lodge Of Free Masons this
afternoon the Duke of C~ounaught was
unanimously elected grand master. in place
Of KIN Edward.
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-02-16
CHILD FATALLY BURNED.
Anton Stoltz Plays With Fire
With Terrible Results.

SPECIAL.
81 Charles, No.. Feb. B.-Anton, the
s-year-oid son OF Mr.. and Mrs. Anton
st0m was probably fatally burned early
tbs morning. While the family was down.
stairs the boy began playing with the fire.
f7lsEn1xnt Clothing. caught fire. His mother
child all die,
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-02-16

Bone Need Clauses Early in Life.
II you need glasses. DR.. Bond, expert op-
ttcian at Mermod q Jsccard's. Broadway
ana Locust. will examine your eyes without
charge and Mt you properly. Steel frames,
N.o and up: gold. 500 and up.
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-02-16
INTO ScALDING WATER.
Three Year-Old Child Meets With
a Terrible Death.

11ft6LaC efEC1AL
Pana. H.. Feb. 1k-Ths 3-year-oid child
Of Mn. George Williams. north Of this city,
ives scaided to death to-day by falling in q
tub Of boiling water.
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-02-16

Solid Gold Bfrth-Month Rings.
For February the stone is the garnet, sig
nifying Commandment" $50 to $15G. Mer-
mod 3 Jaceard's, Broadway and Locust.
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-02-16
FIRE AT CHARLESTON, MO.
Two Stores and Several Residences
Burned-Loss, $4,000.

REPCBLIe SPECIAL
Charleston, Mo-, Feb. 1a-E1re. the origin
OF which Is unknown, this morning de-
stroyed the stores of ]. L. Hewlett & Co
and Mrs. Risinser and the residences of the
latter and Mrs. Preuitt. The losses are
fully 5000. Insurance about half.
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-02-16

Via NJ, K 4 7. BY. Feby. 18th.
TO. D1liak, Fort Worth, Waco. Houston.
Galveston. San Antonio and Beaumont. TeT'
me Katy Flyer" leaves SIG p. M; through
FuIinan Sieepers: Tourist Sleepers and
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-02-16
CITY ITEMS.

CRAWFORD'S new carpets and mousse
hold Furniture for the spring are now in. a
selection o. goods such as 1t Is impossible
to ind elsewhere. all bought for the city
trade: chic, chaste. neat and beautiful III
design and workmanship, and in price much
below the prices of hayseed styles 10 DC
found elsewhere!! Terms easy on above
goods to responsible parties.
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-02-16

ert NJ. Haley and James Fitzgerald. the
Shanesyille bank robbers, were sentenced
by Judge Shotwell to-day. The former got
the penitentiary. Day pleaded guilty.
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-02-16

Through the medium of the Home School
YOU can obtain a thorough education at
home. Write for particulars to instruction
Department, St. Louis Republic.
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-02-16

EXCURSION TO WASHINGTON, d. c.,
via Vandalia-P Pennsylvania lines. March Il
2. 8. return limit March 8, 1901.
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-02-16

HO, GOlferssl
kansas are In splendid condition now.
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-02-16

Monticello. Mo-. Feb. 1k-Mr. Ham VIII
son. q prominent stock raiser, died at his
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-02-16

Always carry "~Orangeine" to offset Pain.
Fatigue and Exposure.
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-02-16

Thorough Instruction In 100 different
courses Il offered by the Home School.
Write FOR full information to I~ustructidD
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-02-16

Death Of Two Centralis women.
REPUBLIC SPECIAL
Centraiia, No, Feb. 1z-Nrs. Laura
Gooch, wife of w. H. Gooch of the grocery
nrm OF Gooch & Paxton, died at her home
to-day In this city OF cancer. Deceased
wan s. years Of age.
Mr. Nancy Bryson, widow of the late J.
II. .Bryuon. vice president Of the Farmery
last night agsd d ysasA
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-02-16

MALT WHISKY. And di be
looked it too. The rudy flush
Of health wasin hischeeks, the
youthful fire aud brightness
had returned to his eyes, and
In his walk there was all the
light hearted buoyancy and
vigor Of his early manhood A
miraclei No; that istustw what
PURE MALT
WHISKEY is doing every day
for the feeble and ailing who
use It e . tonic a~ndstimulant
n eunes ISke mnsfc
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-02-16

The best that can BE- said about Z medi.
cine ID said shout Hoods sarsaparilla.
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-02-16

"ffsel ike hoy asains" exclaimed Geo.
~Attridge. q man 81 years old, after Q
thru Weeks' coursA of pIIRE
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-02-16

! To Cure Headache In 10 Minutes
Take Parker's Headache Powders. They
are safe and sure. All ~druggists. Price Zoe
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-02-16
Colonel Needles Ce.v.iesei.s.

-vinita. I. T.. Feb. K-Colouel rboms. u
Needles. member Of the United STATE
Commission to the Five Clvilised Trfbes.
VINO has been sick In 81. Louis for some
to his home In Nashville. III, until he Is
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-02-16
BOY KILLED BY 4
TIGER IN A CAGE.
Entered the Beasts Den, Thinking
1t Was That of Lion Cubs
Terrible Fight Ensued.

indianapolis. Ind. Feb. 15.-Albert Neil
son, aged Is years, employed as an animal
keeper at the Geological Garden in thii
city. was killed BY . Bengal tiger to-day.
He entered the cage In which the tiger
was confined and was attacked by the
beast. A terrible struggle followed. In which
Nelson was torn in a hundred places. Red
hot irons were thrust into the bloodthirsty
animal. but not until seven bullets had been
fired into its body did It release Its hold
on Its victim.
Nelson was dragged from the cage more
dead than alive. IND was hurried to the
City Hospital. where he died as he was be-
ing carried In
The tiger was not fatally wounded. Neil
son lived at PiQua. o., and had been EN-
ployed by the Zoo company three years,
He was in charge Of the lion cubs, and II
is supposed opened the tigers cage by
mistake.
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-02-16

REPUBLIC SPECIAL

Jackson, Mo. Feb. K.-Bentamin II Ruw
weii-knovn salesman. who has been travs
cling for the Missouri Glass Compsny Tor
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-02-16

Special @1.@6 Box Of Ststis,ery.
100 sheets. fne writing paper and 70 en-
velopes. choice Of four tints. stamped with
your two-letter monogram. for nS, at
Mermod & Jaccard's. Broadway and Lo-
Gust.
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1901-04-18

work has never been so great as to be
cause for local boasting. Of sub
scriptons made for the current
year Il number are yet unpaid, as is
Indicated by the report of Tuesday
evenings meeting. but there Is need
for more of regular giving. as every
one who liz at all acquainted with the
work of the board Is aware.
There is u disposition in some quar-
ters to lose sight of the fact that the
Masters statement. "the poor We have
always with you" remains true for all
seasons of the year. The coming of
spring, even in its most halcyon as
pect. does not remove sickness, make
helpessness and old age things OF the
past like the winter itself. nor bring
work and prosperity as matter Of
course to every one. Neither is the
almshouse the place for u large pro-
portion of the poor needing help. 1t is
not the place FOR the poor who need to
he "tided over" to self help, nor for
little children. nor for the aged hus-
band aud wife who have clung together
separates as though they had com
mitted crime
IC there were but more general
thoughtrulness in regard to these
things, and to what the Board OF As
sociaied Charities does, there would be
no necessity for recurring appeals to
the public of Scranton to maintain that
work-and literally to do so.
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1901-04-18
NUBS OF KNOWLEDGE.

The people OF iceland are all poor but there
are M vuuprs, no dependents, alt arc self sup-
porting There is liltlc or no rrimc there.
\ private detective agency has been started IN
Zurich. This i the inst Of il> Kind in Swit@er-
land, where the Law ot divorce Is practically IN.
known.
In the village of Golodar,ka, in the district
of Tehenlnur, Russia, an interesting treasure has
been found, consisting OF 2l7 ancient silver coins.
among which there are about fifty spanish coins
of the drst QulItcr Of the nineteenth century
Tbs du>t-soring Of London is carried on by
women who handle the collected retu,r at the
whlNr,. Medical mcn have been tryng TO pre-
vent women from engaging in this industry, and
accordingly the Womcus Industrial council has
made an Investigation Of it. The women said
they liked the work and laughed al the idea OF
its being unhealthy.
1t Is thought by the officers in charge OF The
Yellowstone National Park that there are about
hity bison in the park Difficulty has been eN'
pclicnccd in dealing with poachcS, because OF
the fSt that the northwestern boundary OF the
park is not clearly defined. 10 correct this an
appropriation of 5000 was mldo at The last
session of congress for a survey.
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1901-04-18

Carpenter. esq, to the va
Il cancy on the local bench.
caused by the promotion of
Hon. Il. w. Archibald to the bench
of the new Federal court. is received
with expressions of favor by members
of tho Lackawanna bar and by ct
2ens generally. There is unvaried re-
Cognition of the fact that Mr.. Carpen
ter has not only the experience and
professional ability. but also the tenn
permanent essential to Il successful dis
charge of the judicial functions. His
record as an attorney is clean and
honorable: his habits of life and
thought are conservative ana well con-
Sidercd; he will assume Inc Office free
frCm obligation, and with every in
centive and every initial advantage
toward winning public favor by con-
sciontious service.
Although Il consistent Republican.
Mr.. Carpenter has not been a partisan
whose activities in politics would be
likely to embarrass him in the per-
formance of judicial duties. In cast Of
mind he is singularly free from preiu-
dIces. AS master or referee he has
shown ii thoroughness in analysis of
law and fact which leads to the belief
that his opinions as judge will take
high rank. With the single exception
uf former Judge Knapp. who would not
permit the consideration Of his name,
Mr.. Carpenter WAS easily the instinct
i've choice for the vacant iuloaShip of
vast majority of the Lackawanna
bar with whose members his citations
have always been most cordial.
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1901-04-18
The Associated Charities.

~HE REPORT of the Scranton
Board OF Associated Char
Il lilies at its Tuesday evening
meeting is Il distinct re-
hinder alike of its unfaiIing work for
good, and of The greater interest in
that work which ought 10 be taken by
the public.
THE Associated Charities, which pur-
posed at its first organization simply to
investigate poverty and professions of
poverty, and report 10 the various
churches or charitable bodies, very
early found itself obliged to administer
relief directly. II has done so, faith
fully and untiringly. 1t has also dis
covered imposture. obliged fraudulent
pauperism to so 10 work, so relieving
Taxpayers and easily deceived givers:
has found work for many who could
not procure IL for themselves: and il
has relieved accomplishing sufferers,
too proud to ask for help, OF whom it's
agent or its members have learned in
their quiet but unceasins work among
the poor.
The number of subscribers to this
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1901-04-18
OF Scranton'S Parks.

a M')NG the many points worth
studying in the table quoted
Il n in Wednesdays Tribune
from The Municipal Journal
ana Engineer, showing the park acre
age, annual appropriations and aver
age cost per capita in thirty promi-
nent cites, that of comparison Between
Los Angeles and Scranton stands ult
with great distinctneSs.
If either could Well do without ann
pie and we'll kept parks ii would be
Los Angeles. with its lovely climate
and wealth Of natural beauty. Like
Scranton, It is spread out over wide
spaces. It's population brings it near
enough to that of Scranton for close
comparison.
Los Angeles maintains 3.,3, acres of
Axquisitely beautiful parks in far apart
portions of the city. as against Sclan-
tons % acres, which are miles away
from a large portion of its people
who most need parks. Srrauton's aver
age annual park appropriation is 3d.
a69; over the great generosity" not
10 say "eXtravagance" of which sum
Asome of out city "step-fathers" make
great ado; while Los Angeles spends
81 l,500 annually. ungrudgingly, to
maintain hers. Fifty cents is the Los
Angeles average cost per capita: five
celEts is Scranton's. For no other OF
the thirty cities in the Municipal Jour
nails table is the cost per capita less
than fourteen cents, and only one ar
them comes down to that. What il
Scranton going TO do about 1t, either
for the city's reputation as Il pro-
gressive and desirable place of resi-
derce, or In justice to her people al
ready here?
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1901-04-18

The Democratic caucus at Harris
burg goes into the discussion of ballot
reform in d half f-hearted way. Any
sort of ballot reform that will not bring
additional votes to the trailing stand
ard of the Pennsylvania Democracy
will not be received with enthusiasm
by the remnants
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1901-04-18
NOTES ABOUT NEWSPAPERS.

The experiment "t Mo,>r>, Huu, and II"h",
publishers OF Public Opinion of thambcr-burg,
Pa, in issuing morning daily edition at one
cent u COPY has. they aruuuunC, been success
IT,. \ paving basis ha> been rrarhcd and tho
paper is certainly success in all other respects,
II i ono "t tur prctIicst and most readable
small diilir> on The rrihmr> cNrhaugc list.
The indianapolis Press "ca,rd publication On
TurSdJy. Thc mdinuprli, News succeeds 10
the hu,incs, and good will uf tho Press. b.
Loving that there Is room in indianapolis for
only one complete, nigh gridn two.Cent evening
newspaper, Mc.>r-. holiday ~ Richards ot the
Press, have suspended us publication and merged
its interests WIlh the News, witn which they
were formerly identified. Mr.. holiday becomes
member of the News roparinorsllip; Major
Richards preferably retiring from the newspaper
field The management OF the News of which
Dclavln smith aud Charlie, r. Williams have
long hccn principal owners, ruulu, unchanged.
Tie Press dIriu. H. existence oi little more
ncatc,t and uu,y miiunuN interesting ever
published IN tine Iuurd states It. las, effort
comprised a i~cu,icth Century edition Of thir.
tytwo pages, which thoroughly exploited In
,liauupoIi, ana the lion,icr state. Tine lndunapu.
liz New. THUS strengthened viii share with
line Chicago News. Washington NlJr and Brook
lyn Eanlc thr credit ot hring IN" best pal nS
afternoon new paper printed m tine world.
The contemplated project oi penny paper at
pittston. to compete with the Gazette, has
been, Tor the present at least, abandoned, and,
we think, Wisely. ,'linS ipr the mlurr Of the
Gazette have not been announced, but it is M
drrstlod that uo cha'pscs are in mind
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1901-04-18

The decision of the United States
Supreme court whereby q full pause is
given to the easy divorce and the
fraudulent divorce business is one
thoroughly in the interests of morality
and justice. 1t is "a long step, and an
almost unhonedfor one in the direc-
tion of individual and national right
ness of living.
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1901-04-18
TEN PAGES.
SCRANTON. APRIL IS. 1901.

The Cubans will probably never be
satisfied until allowed the opportunity
tn test the virtues of the element
known in advanced judicial proceed
inss as the Jury fixer"
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1901-04-18

AS an advertising agent for her own
lectures Mrs. Nation has been most ef-
fective, but the course has been trine
expensive for others along the route
booked.
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1901-04-18

% = IL
A child born on this day will cast brick at
the person who makes remarks regarding the
breaking OF the backbone OF winter.
Tie season OF sadness is here,
The ho,Ise.clcaninG season OF spring:
When weak must be Of good cheer
At luncl,-riinc. and always appear
TO relish most any old thing.
Recent Philadelphia advices Indicate that
"Ncwt'' Jackson does not propose to have the
people on this side OF the pond feel lonesome
in tho absence OF j. pirlpont Morgan.
When woman announces that She is not
pretty il is safe to wager that she thinks dill
rerently.
The good fellow OF the blr-room is often a
d>agreeable bear at home.
Adversely often develops ones perceptions.
Ajacchus' Advice.
In future do not imagine every gorgeous bit
OF color on the street walking hower-hcd. II
may bc the shirtwast ro-tmarI
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1901-04-18

existence. because human laws and
human punishrnents do not change hui
man nature II will probably never be
totally eradirated. but II might he
greatly lessened and its greater evils
abated If the Intelligence and enter
prise and res,lessness in which II has
its root could be guided into other and
nobler channels. When legislators and
moral reformers appreciate this fact,
and shape their action accordingly,
they may do more than simply to
change the habit from one direction
to another" r.
That is one more version OF the
Apostles direction TO Overcome evil
with good" AS for the gambling craze
In society" which has led to the
present outburst of moral Indignation
against itself and it's destruction of
social honor. that can hope for no
good except as IL can awaken the
moral SENSE of its votaries, and arouse
the God-givcn power of the will to
make them turn and devote themselves
to better things. for themselves and
others. Denunciation, alone is power
less for good
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1901-04-18

"The First Defenders" of the Union
in 1861. the Pennsylvanians who passed
four hours before the Massachusetts
troops were attacked in that city, are
holding their annual reunion this year
I'm Reading. Last year they assembled
in Pottsville Today the parade and
chief public demonstration is in prog
ress: but the Rlnggold Light Artillery
held u campfire on Tuesday evening,
the anniversary of their start from
Reading for the defence of the national
capital.
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1901-04-18

outside London similar concessions have been
made to women, and their interest in local gov
cinmcnt has been sluggish. The british sense
OF fair play required recognition Of a wonin's
political rights when she WIS a taxpayer,
Women bccdT.c hurgcsscs IN towns when they
were hclu, ot lairilicS or IN control pf n hls''
r",s and as ho,.scholders they were adn,itirl
to municipal franchise. hut not rendered clgih"
for office ~ councillors. A. ra,p.paycrs they hc
came parochiai electors and could serve as ,ncm'
bcrs of boards OF guardians. The school board
franchise was invariably tho hroadcsi. and ear
ricd with it eligibility TO election. Women have
been employed ~ inspectors ot tcncmcnis AMI
Visitors for the rolict of raupc.S in Glasgow
and other towns but apart from school admin
est in local government. whether in town or
country. Soichwomcn have made larger usr
OF their political privileges than Englishwoncn
In ireland until 1893 women could only vote Tor
poor law guardians. except in the cit, of Bel.
fast and IN the townships OF Baokiock and
Kings,own lat thcr rights have been consider
ably enlarged undcl the new local government
act. They are eligible as guardians, and,
except in bororghs aS district councillors, urban
and rural. While they cannot serve as county
councillors, they can he nominated A. cand
dates for local offices ut considerable rcspon>i-
hility. Thcy are also qualified for voting in al
local government contests under more liberal
conditions of registration than are known else
where IL The United Kingdom
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1901-04-18

Prospects of an early spring also
bring joy to the heart of the Pan
American boarding house keeper.
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1901-04-18

There seems to be an element in
Scranton thar no longer regards the
visits Of Mr. Wilson in the light of Il
i,l<g
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1901-04-18
Gambling and rlodern Life.

4 r THIS time. when the preva
~ lence of the gambling craze
Il n in what distinctively AFRO
gates the nume of nSOciekv"