davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1901-05-24
Cure When Others Fail.

Diseases of the Eyes and Ears, Granulated Lids
Cataract, Cross-eyes Strengthened without am
danger. DisCharging Ears, Deafness etc, Dis
eases of Nose and Throat, Catarrh, Bronchitis,
Asthma, Diseases of Stomach and Liver Dys-
eepsia, Indigestion, Headache, Billiousness,
Jaundice, Kidney and Bladder troubles, Blood
and Skin Diseases, SCrofula, Pimples, BlotChes,
Eczema, Ulcers, etc. Nervous Diseases, Head
ache, Hysteria, Insomnia, Lack of Vitality, Nerv.
BUSINESS, Rheumatism, Neuralgia, Functional
Heart Disease, Palpitation Dizziness, ShOrtness
of Breath, Heart Pains, etc. Glandular Diseases
Tuinors, Abnormal Growth, Cancers cured with
out pa1r-new method. Piles and all Rectal Dis
eases. Diseases of Women, Deformitles, Lact
Of development of any organ. Small and wGas
parts enlarged and strengthened.
MiddIe-A3ed and Young Men,
suffering from Lost Manhood, Nervous or Ply
steal Debility, Seminal Weakness, Lost Vigor
Decline of Manly Powers, Drains, Discharges
and Losses. VaricoceIe and all the train of evils
resulting from Excuses, Errors OF Youth, etc.
producing some of the following effects, as Nerv
business, Weakness, Emissions, PimpIes ano
Blotches, Debility, Dizziness, Defective Memory
Absence of Will Power, Confusion of Ideas, Aver
sion to Society, Sexual Exhaustion, Pain in the
Back Dreams, etc, blighting the most radiant
hopes, rendering marriage unhappy and bust
ness failure: sweeping thousands to an un
timely grave. No matter who has failed, consult
the doctor. He has cured thousands when they
had given up in dispair. A Perfect Restoration
Guaranteed. Consultation sacrsaly cNn6den,
tial. Delays are dangerous.
MARRIAGEt
rage, who are aware of physical defects or weak.
nesses which would render marriage disap
pointment would do we'll to call.
WEAKNESS,
In many cases drains occur unobserved by the
sufferer. To this hidden drain upon the vitality
may be attributed the cause of many diseases o,
the nerves, stomach, heart kidneys and bladder
LADIES.
We have long given careful attention to the
treatment of diseases peculiar to women and OUT
method of treatment has been universally sue.
cesstul. No lady, married or single, need hest
tate to call for consultation either alone with
a friend.
REMARKABLE Cures perfected in old cases
which have been neglected or unskillfully treat
ed. No experiments failures. Free Exami.
nation of the Urine, chemical and niicroscpica,
in all cases. Bring specimen of urine. Cases
and correspondence strictly confidential and
medicine sent to any part of the United States.
List of questions free. Address with postage
DR. DOWNING.
CHICAGO. ILLS
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1901-05-24
DR.. Downing, President Of the Downs
ing Medical Association and Ger
man Medical and Surgical insti.
tute, Chicago. Illinois.

This eminent expert specialist, well and favor.
ably known throughout the United States for the
many wonderful cures of all forms of Chronic,
Nervous and Special Diseases that bafled the skill
bv fnil STAFF Of skilled phvsicians and exDers
specialists, whose experience in the largest hos
pitaIs of both Europe and America, enable them
10 successfully treat obscure and chronic dis.
eases. Their long experience, remarkable ska.
and universal success entities them to the conf
deuce of the afflicted everywhere
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1901-05-24
Soliciting Aid for jacksonville.

Milwaukee, May 1S.-The Milwau-
kee chamber of commerce committee
for soliciting funds for the Jackson
vile fire sufferers has begun active
work. The result Of the first days
work showed q total subscription Of
about S400.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1901-05-24
REPAIRS AND SUPPLIES
DOD'tBuy 0BUggy Until
You See The CLARK. u
May, 10-17-24, 1901.
ORDER FOR HEARING APPLICATION FOR
APPOINTMENT OF ADMINISTRATOR.
GTATE OF MINNESOTA, County of Blu
- Earth. ssh Probate Court

GTATE OF MINNESOTA, County of Blue
q Earth, ss.-In Probate Court
In the matter of the estate of Henry c. Paff
deceased:
On receiving and filing the petition of Peter
Paff, of Rapidan, Minnesota, rep
resenting. among other things that Henry c.
Paff, late of Blue Earth County, Minnesota,
on the 4th day of May, A. D., 1901. at the
County of Blue Earth died intestate, and being
an inha bitant of this county at the time of his
death, leaving goods. chattels. and estate with
in this County, and that the said petitioner is
the father of said deceased, and
praying that administration of said estate be to
George 7. Barr granted.
1T is ORDERED, that said petition be heard
before said court, on Friday the 51st day of
May, A. D., 1901, at 10 o'clock a. M, at the
Probate Office, in Mankato in said County.
ORDERED FURTHER, that notice thereof
be given to the heirs of said deceased and 70 all
persons interested, by publishing this order
once in each week for three successive weeks
prior to said day of hearing, in the Mankato
Free Press a weekly newspaper printed and
published at Mankato in said county.
Dated at Mankato, the Sth day of May, A.
D.. 1901 49,
By the Court.
probate Court Seal VIM. F. HUGHES
Judge of Probate
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1901-05-24
May "a, 1901.
Ear Swearing At the Umpire.

Chicago, May 1S.-President John
son of the American league has is
sued a notice OF suspension to Man
ager John McGraw of the. Baltimore
team for period of five days, the
suspension to take effect at once. The
offense was the use of profanity
against Umpire Cantillion in the last
game played at Baltimore.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1901-05-24
FEARED MISREPRESENTATION.
China Would Not Accept Russla's Of
fer to Guarantee Indemnity.

fer to Guarantee Indemnity.
London, May Ism. de Giers.
learn, recently proposed to Ii Hung
Chang" says the Toxic correspondent
of The Times, that Russia should
guarantee the whole indemnity in re-
turn for important political conces-
sions. 1t is understood that Earl Ii
replied that such proposal would be
liable to the same Misrepresentation
as prevailed at Sian Flu over his own
advice respecting the Manchurian
convention, but that when the court
returned to Picking he hoped to re-
store intimate relations between China
and Russia"
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1901-05-24
223 North Front Street.

A Bargain. sale or rent, my
large house and barn at 1152e= Fulton
street, Mankato, near Pleasant Grove
school. See r. Geddes, attorney
at law, Mankato or address Jno. Law,
Merriam Park, st. Paul.
Clean faxseed for sale at Grannis' ;,
cor. Front and Cherry streets.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1901-05-24
Ninety Beers Surrender.

Petersburg, Northern Transvaal,
Wednesday, May S.-Ninety Beers,
including Barendvorster and Hen
stick, the former landrost and many
other officials, have surrendered. The
district is rapidly settling down to the
usual conditions.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1901-05-24
CANAL ACROSS FLORIDA.
VIII Connect the Atlantic With the
Gulf of Mexico.

Gulf of Mexico.
Tallahassee, Fla, May 1S.-A bill
was introduced in both houses of the
legislature Incorporating the Florida
Canal company to locate, construct,
own and operate a ship canal across
the peninsula of Florida.
The new canal is to connect the
Atlantic with the Gulf of Mexico,
commencing at a point on the Atlantic
coast at or between Amelia island
and Biscayne bay. thence across the
peninsula, termin asing on the Gulf of
Mexico at some point between Dead
Mans bay and Cape Roman.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1901-05-24
RICHER THAN BLACK HILLS.
Gold Discovered in the Vicinity OF
Woonsocket, S. D.

Woonsocket, S. D., May 1S.-Fred
Moulton, an experienced miner who
has been prospecting for gold in this
vicinity for the last six months, says
that in his opinion the country be-
tween the washington hills and the
James river is richer in gold than the
Black Hills. He has on exhibition
some samples of golden colored dirt
taken from different places. The rich
est strike, he says, is about quarter
of a mile south of town. He calls at
tention to the fact that the richest
gold mines Of the world, Cape Nome
and the South African mines, are on
prairieS.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1901-05-24
Another smeIter Shuts Down.

Butte, Mon, May 1S.-The Colorado
smelter has followed the example of
the Butte and Boston and shut down.
A meeting Of the Mill and Smelter
Mems union will be held and an effort
may be made to patch up the differ
ences between the companies and the
men
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1901-05-24
VIII Ask Roosevelt to Attend.

Milwaukee, May l8.-At a meeting
of the Wisconsin state board of agri-
culture it was decided to invite Vice
President Theodore Roosevelt to visit
the fair and deliver an address on
some day of the fair, which will be
held in Milwaukee Sept. 9 to 13.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1901-05-24
Goes 70 Waupun for Life.

Chippewa Falls, Wis, May 1S.-Ira
Steward was convicted of numbering
Henry Miller, farmer, who was killed
in cold blood last fall. Steward was
sentenced to life Imprisonment at
Waupun.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1901-05-24
A BARGAIN.

l have 140 acres left of fine land in
Cass county. Parties purchasing same
can make from So toss$5 per acre on
it before July LIST. Address
F. W. HUNT.
Mankato.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1901-05-24
RAY EXAMINATIONS.

Our Offices have the most complete electrical
apparatus in the west, including most power
full and perfect X Ray machine, with which the
innermost organs of the body may be readily
seen and examined. Obscure and difficult dis
eases nOSitiNel,r DIAGNOSED
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1901-05-24

Money to loan at per cent. No
commissions. Call at Mankato State
bank.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1901-05-24
FOR SALE.

A phaeton buggy, as good as new,
only used short time. Will sell very
cheap. Call on or address
J. B. MAYER,
002 North Front Straat
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1901-05-24
Apr19-2 5may3-10-17.24-31
SUMMONS.

THos. HUGHES. Attorney for Mortgages.
The morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1899-1930, 1901-10-29
With Astounding Bravado the Muir
derer of President rlCKinley
Expiates His Crime.
Walked 'JnfIlncbngy TO the Death Chamber, and,
Sitting in the Chair, Declared He Was Not
Sorry--His Only Regret Was That He
Had Not Seen His Father.

AUBURN n Y, oct so73o A M-wih anaehstic brayal
leon slayer Mckinney.
penalty pntentay here this Those VINO expected that
murderer death
uunnchuEy
penalty prisoner night displayed
ormaly through
collapse belief that the nnal
he completely resigned
shortly after O'Clock pt's1nsr prepared
chamber
presence deadly
him lie unhrsaingy directed 20 d.
Rtr. czpg@z said thar he
done hal
before surprisingly
calm and the
ho alsn baI, shoolel
himself his ana manifested cal Indifference
exception day
'hc ouvuc'ch~i hand nations
lips eSocp, father not vse him. he
lived anarchist 81 he
A. ' 80 the having strapped
turned and cgsz marking chapter
Il one OF The terrible all dramas.
The morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1899-1930, 1901-10-29
SCHLEY CLOSELY
CROSS EXAMINED
=aaas
LemIey Fails to Shake the Ad.
miral's Testimony.
GOOD WORK OF BROOKLYN
Served Ihirty'SlI Per Cent Of Hits on The
Eaemy and Received Seventy Per
Cent Of Hits From the Span.
lSh Ships.

WASHINGTON. Oct. 2s.-The cross
examination ot Admiral sehley began
today before the toBri Of inquiry and
hardly more ihan a third Of the ground
was covered when court adjourned.
When schlsy concludes tomorrow two
other witnesses viii be called In his be-
half. Admiral Barker and Captain
Borden. The latter was officer OF the
marine corps aboard the Brooklyn.
The Judge advocate will then call wit
nesses IN rebuttal. of whom there are
Understood 10 be more than Is. and it Is
probable that schley's counsel will call
witness 3 in rebuttal.
Nothing sensational occurred today
and the only Outburst in court oc-
CURED when Raynor, schley's counsel.
objected 10 the line Of inquiry Of Judge
Advocate Lemley. designed to criticize
schley's alleged failure to formulate a
plan OF battle, with the declaration that
as Sampson was in command his jun
Tor had no right to plan the order OF
battle.
schley concluded MS direct exam.na-
ton, which continued only about ten
minutes after court convened this
morning. with the statement of the ef-
feet OF the fire Of the respective fleets
az Santiago. showing that IS per cent
os the hits suffered by the enemy were
scored by the Brooklyn's ive-Inch guns
while his ship received 20 per cent OF
the hits from the Spanish ships Lem
ley's cross examination was very
searching. schley, however appeared
10 be unruffied throughout the examl-
nation. frankly admitting on several
occasions that he could not remember
little details after the lapse of three
years.
Judge Advocate Lemley in his cross
examination dwelt upon the interview
between Sampson and Schley at Key
West before the departure os the flying
squadron, at which the latter testified
that Sampson instructed him not to ex-
pose the ships 10 the shore batteries
until the Spanish fleet had been de-
Stroyed. on the fact that Schley is
sued no written order Of the battle; on
the question OF voaling of Cienfuegos
and the steps Schley took there to as
certain the presence Of the Spanish
fleet. He was cross examining the wit
ness upon matters connected with the
cruise Of the squadron from Cienfuegos
10 Santiago when court adjourned.
The morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1899-1930, 1901-10-29
SUPREME COURT DECISION.
Case Involving Insurance Policy After
Date Of Grace Expires.

WASHINGTON. Oct 2S.-only one
decision was rendered In the supreme
court today. The case involved the
questions as to wh;eher an Insurance
policy goes into effect on the date Of
application for 1t or when the policy is
delivered.
In this instance application was made
December >, 1885, and the policy was
delivered Dee mber %, 1898, when the
premium was paid. Provision was
made for grace Of one month later in
the matter OF payment Of the second
policy. The holder died January Is,
1895, six days after the expiration Of
the month Of grace II II was computed
from December u or eight days before
the expiration, computing from the an
nlyerSary OF the delivery Of the pre-
MUM. The supreme court decided tina,
grace began only after the delivery Of
the premium, thus holding the policy
TO be good
The morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1899-1930, 1901-10-29

ness that manifested itself in dllatei
eyes and the free flowing % perspira-
lion. Wh'n ;hsy finished cxlminati tion
thee prlson,r turned sullenly from
them and retired 20 the corner % the
cell. refusing 10 talk. They gave him
no treatment ana We're of the opinion
that while he was very nervous ne did
not show any signs Of absolute COL
lapse. The approach OF death seemed to
awaNen no greater consciousness Of his
position. He again turned his back up
IN the priest who came % urge him
10 confess and recant and was unde-
monstmti;e In the presence Of those o.
his kin who came TO say the las; fare
well TO him,
Czolgosz will be dressed IN a very
simple manner Tor execution. A par
of black ;rous -, gray shlr, and a pair
OF gray SOCKS completing the outnt.
He will Wear no under garments and
no shoes. The lef, leg OF the trousers
Win be slit az the bottom TO permit
the free adjustment OF the electrode.
and the shirt will be open at the neck
50 that the doctors can take the heart
count II there should be any after the
current has passed through the body.
The morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1899-1930, 1901-10-29
NEGROES SUFFER AT
HANDS OF WHITES.
Three NegrOei at Amlty City. La. Put
% Death BY an Ayenging
Crowd.

NEW ORLEANS. Oct. 2s.--Tne Plea
yunes. Anita CITY, La, special says:
Three white mea aud II negroes have
been Killed In a race riot In Washing
Ton parish. The scene ot the trouble
IL at or near Balltown. where A negro
was burned last week for criminally
assaultng a white woman. This was
not the cause. however, Of the murders
yesterday
A. 3 O'Clock this morning a posse left
Frankiinion FOR the scene II battle.
The trouble occurred at negro camp
meeting and the origin. az near as can
De- ascsrta!ned. was as follows:
Greer Lott. a negro. was running a
re,reshment stand and the constable
a white man, name not given. went 70
him and asked Cor his license. He had
none and became impudeni. cursing the
constable and defylng him. Th= consta-
bic withdrew and returned with sew
yral white men. when Lltt fired into
ma crowd. killing Joe Seals and Char!es
Elliott. The white men returned the
hre and killed Lott Then a Negro
preacher, named Connolly. rushed out
II A house with a gun In his hand and
WIS killed His daughter was also
killed The shooting which followed an
other white man was killed. II. rhomp-
son wounded. and seven or eight re-
groes killed.
Balltown Is about % miles from
FrankLnton IN a scatterllngly settled
section. Il Is almost entirely cut on
from the outside world.
The morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1899-1930, 1901-10-29
RELATIONS WE'RE STRAINED.
Commander Of Allies and French Gen
eral at Outs in Chinese War.

NEW YORK, Oct. 2S.-The Paris Ma
tin, says the Paris correspondent Of the
London Times and New York Times.
publishes three letters written by Gen
eral Voyron, who commanded the
French force In China, to Field Marshal
Count Won Waldersee. The letters show
now strained, during the entire period
Of foreign occupation, were the rela-
tions between the French general and
the commander-in-chief of the allies.
The morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1899-1930, 1901-10-29
LEFT WITH UNITED STATES.
WIN BE Sole Guirlntor of Neutrallza-
ton of Canal.

NEW YORK, oct 9S-Accordng to
the Paris corrcsp nd'nt Of the Herald
the Figaro publishes a dispatch from
It's London correspondent, stating that
the new treaty which is to be sub
ml,ted to the senate as the result Of
the conference Of Mr.. Choate and Lords
Lansdowne and Paunceiote. to take the
place Of the Clayton Bulwer treaty.
provides that the United states will be
the sole guarantor of the principle OF
the naturalization Of the canal and rec
ognzes the right Of the United states
to fortify the canal. The stipuladons
Of the new treaty viii apply not only
to the Nicaragua canal but to all 9TH
er canals taken up by the United States,
The morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1899-1930, 1901-10-29

The publication. remarks the CORE
spondent, " significant. because II must
be by the consent Of General Voyroa
or some authorized colleague OF that
general The first letter upholds the
French right to protect Catholic mis-
slons. which Count Won " Waldersee con-
tested. The second letter. replying 70
the field marshli's protests against the
numerous French flags run uD oetween
Pekln and Pa0 Ting Flu. says that che
French occupation does not exclude
other powers except where French
rights are exclusive. The third letter
critlcizes WaIdersee's scheme for or
ganzlng the government Of Pekin.
The morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1899-1930, 1901-10-29

money. and that large returns could BE-
expected, Pools were formed. and those
deslrous Of getting rich quickly we're
invited 10 remit After two Or three
weeis. Il II said. Investors would be
advised that a pol had been formed
on a weu-kn1wn stock, and that a. the
quotations had gone down the ma rgin
had been swept away. and that more
money was necessary Immediately In
order 10 save the stock. After having
pu; In tw0 or three times he original
amount, some investor became susp.c-
l1m ana called the attention Of the au-
thgritl,s 20 the matter
The morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1899-1930, 1901-10-29
VENEZUELAN AFFAIRS
VERY SATISFACTORY
Condition Of the Country Remains Nor
mai Despite Outward In
fiuences.

WASHINGTON. Oct. 2s--Mall ad-
vices, up to October Is. were received
today BY senor Pulido. the Venezuelan
charge here. Edward Blanco. minister
Of foreign afflires, reported that affairs
are tranquil there and the condition Of
the country normal. The situation on
the TachIra frontier where the armies
0t Colombia and Venezuela are facing
each other continue one OF expectancy.
The economic condition OF the country
Is reported good. though awaiting ami
nation that Will follow the movement
0f the coffee crop.
The morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1899-1930, 1901-10-29
THREE SOLDIERS KILLED.

BRUSSELS, Oct. ga conflict has
taken place between soldiers belonging
the to garrison Of Fort Waeslen near
Babinas and neighboring peasants, the
latter, armed with spades and pitch
forks, repuled the soldiers. killed three
and woundlng a number Of them.
The morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1899-1930, 1901-10-29
sHoUP RESIGNS.

SALT LAKE, Oct. ga special 10
the Tribune from Boise. Idaho, says:
Ex-senator shoup has resigned as an
Idaho member Of the Republican ma
tiona committee. meeting Of the
state Republican committee has been
called fO' the purpose Of recommend
ing the appointment Of a successor 10
Shoup.
The morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1899-1930, 1901-10-29
RUSSIA's GOOD SHOWING.

NEW YORK. Oct. 2S.-The st. Peters
burg correspondent OF the London ana
New York Times, commenting upon
the customs returns, says 1t IS inter-
estng to rote ,ha; while Russia import
"a from the United States in the first
half 4 this year goods valued at %
1900 rouhles, the value OF the .eturn
trade. consisting almost entirely OF su-
gir, is estimated at only 226IOUO rou-
Olts
The morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1899-1930, 1901-10-29
HOPEFUL FEELrNG PREVAILS,
Washington Ohlclals Believe Miss Stone
VIII Soon Re Rescued.

WASHINGTON. oct. Estate de-
parIment officials are more sanguine
than they have been Of late as to the
suNesSful outcome of the efforts being
PUT forth In behalf Of Miss Stone. So
FAR they have not succeeded In estab-
llshing communication with the kid
napers but The reports received from
spencer Eddy at ConsantInople, and
pr Dickinson, at SOFIA. encourage the
belief that they are about at the point
where direct negotiations can be open
90 with the hrlganis.
The morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1899-1930, 1901-10-29
TO ADJUST CLAIMS.

WASHINGTON. Oct. 2S.-As a quick
way Of adjusting the claims OF small
number Of American citizens who were
depOrted from South Africa and the
TransvaAl as a military necessity, the
British government has offered TO pay
a lump sum % $4,000 over to the state
department, which win distribute the
money among the claimants. The
proposition will probably be accepted.
The morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1899-1930, 1901-10-29
NEW WITNESSES FOUND.

NEW YORK, Oct. 2S.-Two new wit
aesscS have been found by the prose-
cu,lon in the case against Lawyer Al
bert T, Patrick, charged with the muir
der OF William Marsh Rice. The dis
;rict attorney refuses % give their
names, but that they will corroborlte
the testimony Of Valet Jones is no; de-
nial
The morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1899-1930, 1901-10-29
oREGoNs INDUSTRIES.

WASHINGTON, Oct. 2s.-The cen
sus bureau today issued a report on
Manufacturers OF Oregon. 1t shows FOR
1900 total OF BOSS establishments, ag-
grega.ing a capital Of S33, 42S. 393. The
capital increased four per cent since
1880 and production value increased IL
per cent.