davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The San Francisco call., 1901-12-04
Many million
acres of arid
/ n N q h a We
ID c c n + e.
claimed.

safely attempted, by the early efforts. which
must of necessity be partly experimental in
character. At the very beginning the Gov
ernment should make clear beyond shadow Of
doubt, its intention to pursue this policy on
lines OF the broadcast public interest. No reser-
voir or canal should ever be built to satisfy
selfish personal or local interests; but only in
accordance with the advice of trained experts
after long investigation has shown the locality
where all the conditions combine to make the
work most needed and fraught with the great
est usefulness to the community as a whole
There should be no extravaganza and the be-
levers in the need of irrigation will most
benefit their cause by seeing to it that it is
free from the least tafnt of excessive or recl-
less expenditure of the public moneys.
Whatever the nation does for the extension
of irrigation should harmonize with and tend
to improve the condition of those now living
irrigated land We are not at the starting
point of this development. Over two hundred
millions of private capital has already been
The San Francisco call., 1901-12-04

national needs forbid US to be niggardly in
providing whatever is actually necessary to
our well-being should make us doubly careful
to husband our national resources as each
Of us husbands his private resources by
sorupulous avoidance of anything like waste
full reckless expenditure. Only by avoid
ance Of spending money what is needless
unJustifiable legitimately keep our
income to the point required to meet our
needs that are genuine
The San Francisco call., 1901-12-04
1 r r 4 e n t 1 on
works should
he built by
the national
Government.

homes Ii.
To ACCOMPLISH this object water must be
brought within their reach
The pioneer settlers on the arid public do
main chose their homes along streams from
which they could themselves divert the water
to reclaim their holdinpS. Such opportunities
are practically gone. There remain, however
vast areas of public land which can be made
available for homestead settlement but only
by reservoirs and mainline canals impracti-
cable for private enterprise. These irrigation
works should be built by the national Govern
reserved by the Government for actual settlers
and the cost of construction should be so far
as possible repaid by the land reclaimed The
distribution Of the water. the division of the
streams among irrigators. should be left TO
the settlers themselves in conformity with
State laws and without interference with those
laws or with vested rights. The policy of the
tion in the several States and Territories in
local communities to help themselves and as
will stimulate needed reforms in the State laws
and regulations governing irrigation.
The reclamation and settlement of the arid
lands will enrich every portion of our country
just as the settlement of the Ohio and Mis-
sissippi valleys brought prosperity to the At
lantic States. The increased demand for man
duction, while wider home markets and the
trade of Asia will consume the larger food
supplies and effectually prevent Western COM
petition with Eastern agriculture Indeed the
products of irrigation will be consumed chiefly
in upbuilding local centers of mining and other
industries, which would otherwise not come
into existence at all. Our people as whole
will profit for successful home-niaking is but
another name for the upbuilding of the nation
The San Francisco call., 1901-12-04
NEED OF CABLE
TO THE ORIENT

Not a Day Should Be
Wasted in the COnStrltc-
tiOn of the Gable Line to
Ha1Vaii and the Far Phil
ibbineS.
The San Francisco call., 1901-12-04
Pre- ctical uses
of the ma
t1Onnl forest
reserves duly
strated


tain supplies. The fundamental idea of for
estry is the perpetuaton of forests by use.
Forest protection is not an end of itself; 1t
Is means to increase and sustain the re-
sources of our country and the industries
which depend upon them. The preservation
OF our forests is imperative business neces-
sity We have to see clearly that what
ever destroys the forest, except to make way
for agriculture, threatens our we'll being.
The practical usefulness of the national for
est reserves to the mining, grazing, irrigation
and other interests of the regions In which the
reserves lie has led to a widespread demand
by the people of the West for their protection
and extension. The forest reserves will inevit-
ably be Of still greater use in the future than
in the past. Additions should be made to
them whenever practicable, and their useful
ress should be increased by a thoroughly busi-
ness-like management.
At present the protection of the forest re-
serves rests with the General Land Office, the
mapping and description of their timber with
preparation of plans for their conservative use
with the Bureau of Forestry which is also
charged with the general advancement of prac-
tical forestry in the9 United States. These va
rious functions should be united in the Bureau
of Forestry, to which they properly belong
The present diffusion of responsibility is bad
from every standpoint. It prevents that effec-
tive cooperation between the Government and
the men who utilize the resources of the re-
serves, without which the interests of both
must suffer The scientific bureaus generally
should be put under the Department of Agri-
culture The President should have by law
the power of transferring lands for use as
forest reserves to the Department of Agricul-
The San Francisco call., 1901-12-04
Continued From Page Two.

ingly nischevous had il not also been entirely
ineffective. In accordance with a well-known
sociological law the ignorant or reckless agi-
tator has been the really effective friend of
the evils which he has been nominally oppos-
ing In dealing with business interests, for
the Government to undertake by crude and ILL
considered legislation TO do what may turn out
TO be bad would be to incur the risk OF such
far-reaching national disaster that 1t would
be preferable TO undertake nothing at all. The
men who demand the impossible or the unde-
sirable serve as the allies Of the forces with
which they are nominally at war, for they
hamper those who would endeavor to find out
in rational fashion what the wrongs really are
and TO what extent and in what manner 1t is
practicable TO apply remedies.
All this. is true; and yet it is also true that
there are real and grave evils, one Of the
chief being over-capitalization because of its
many baleful consequences; and a resolute
and practical effort must be made to correct
these evils.
minds Of the American people that the great
corporations known trusts are in certain
of their features and tendencies hurtful to
the general welfare. This springs from no
spirit Of envy or uncharitableness nor lack Of
pride in the great Industrial achievements that
have placed this country at the head of the
nations struggling for commercial supremacy.
It does not rest upon a lack Of intelligent ap-
probation Of the necessity Of meeting changing
snd changed conditions of trade with new
methods. nor upon ignorance Of the fact that
combination of capital in the effort to ac-
complish great things is necessary when the
worlds progress demands that great things
b done. It is based upon sincere conviction
that combination and concentration should be,
not prohibited, but supervised and within rea-
sonable limits controlled; and in my judg-
ment this conviction is right.
II is no limitation upon property rights or
freedom Of contract to require that when men
receive from Government the privilege Of do
ing business under corporate form, which
frees them from individual responsibility, and
enables them TO call into their enterprises the
capital Of the public, they shall do so upon
absolutely truthful representations as to the
value Of the property in which the capital is
TO be invested Corporations engaged in inter-
state commerce should be regulated if they
are found to exercise a license working to the
public injury. It should be much the aim
OF those who seek for social betterment to rid
the business world Of crimes of cunning to
rid the entire body polite Of crimes of vio-
lence. Great corporations exist only because
they are created and safeguarded by our in
stitutions; and il is therefore our right and
our duty to that they work in harmony
with these institutions.
The San Francisco call., 1901-12-04

ne necessary fOun-
dation has already
been laid for the in
auguration of the poll
icy just described. 1t
would be unwise to be-
gin by doing too much,
for a great deal will
doubtless be learned,
both as to what can
and what cannot be
The San Francisco call., 1901-12-04
Publicity is the
o N i y = u r e
remedy which
I IN e ID e Ople
can invoke.

corporatfons engaged in interstate business.
Publicity is the only sure remedy which we
can now invoke What further remedies are
needed in the way Of governmental regulation,
or taxation can only be determined after pub
licfty has been obtained. by process Of law,
requisite is knowledge, full and complete
knowledge which may be made public to the
world
Artificial bodies such as corporations and
Joint stock or other associations, depending
upon any statutory law for their existence or
privileges. should be subject to proper govern
rnertal supervision, and full accurate in
formation to their operations should be
made public regularly at reasonable intervals
The large corporations commonly called
trusts. though organized in one State, always
do business in many States, often doing very
little business in the State where they are
Incorporated There is utter lack of uniform
ity in the State laws about them: and no
State has any exclusive interest in or power
over their acts, il has in practice proved i'm
possible TO get adequate regulation through
State action. Therefore in the interest Of the
whole people, the nation should, without in
terfering with the power Of the States in the
matter itself. also assume power Of super
vision and regulation over all corporations do
ing an interstate business. This is especially
true where the corporation derives a portion
OF its wealth from the existence of some mo-
nOpolistic element or tendency in its business.
There would be no hardship in such super
vision banks are subject to it, and in their
case it is now accepted as a simple matter OF
course. Indeed. it is probable that super
vision of corporations by the National Govern
ment need not go so far as is now the case
with the supervision exercised over them by
SO conservative a State as Massachusetts. in
order to produce excellent results
The San Francisco call., 1901-12-04

only possible but eminently desirable, to COM
bine with the stability of our economic system
a supplementary system of reciprocal benefit
and obligation with other nations. Such reci-
procity is an incident and result Of the firm
establishment and preservation of our present
economic policy. 1t specially provided for
in the present tariff law.
The San Francisco call., 1901-12-04

mistress; and to the beautiful Queen of the
Antilles, as she unfolds this new page Of her
destiny, we extend our heartiest greetings and
good wishes. Elsewhere have discussed the
question of reciprocity. In the case of Cuba
however. there are wetghty reasons Of moral
1ty and of national interest why the policy
should be held to have a peculiar application
and most earnestly ask your attention TO the
wisdom, indeed to the vital need of ufoxfd-
ing for substantial reduction in the tariff
duties on Cuban imports into the United
states. Cuba has in her constitution affirmed
what we desired, that she should stand in in
ternational matters, in closer and more friend
ly relations with than with any other power:
and we are bound by every consideration OF
honor and expediency to pass commercial
measures III the interest of her material we'll
being.
In the Philippines our problem is larger
They are very rich tropical islands Inhabited
by many varying tribes. representing widely
diHerent stages of progress toward civilization
Our earnest effort is to help these people nm
ward along the stony and difficult path that
leads to self-government. We hope to make
our administration of the islands honorable To
our nation by making 1t of the highest benefit
to the Ffltpfnos themselves; and as an earnest
OF what we intend to do, we point to what
we have done. Already a greater measure Of
material prosperity and of governmental hon
esty and efficiency has been attained in the
Philippines than ever before in their history
The San Francisco call., 1901-12-04

LII CuOd Sucn progress
has been made toward
putting the- inderend-
ent government of the
island upon a firm foot
ing that before the
present session of the
Congress closes this
will be an accom-
plished fact Cuba will
then start as her own
The San Francisco call., 1901-12-04
The most vitaI nroh

The most vital prob
lem with which this
country, and for that
matter the whole civ
ilized world, has to
deal, is the problem
which has for one side
the betterment OF So
cial conditions, moral
and physical, in large
cities, and for another
The San Francisco call., 1901-12-04

W ISt IUTtSI DICLtC-
tion does not mean the
withdrawal of forest
resources, whether of
wood, water or grass.
from contributing their
full share to the well
fare of the people,
but, on the contrary,
gives the assurance of
The San Francisco call., 1901-12-04
p n t 1 e N G e,
strength, for
bearance and
resolution to
be desired.


years they have been slowly fitting themselves.
sometimes consciously sometimes unconscious
ly, toward this end. What has taken us thirty
generations to achieve. cannot expect to
see another race accomplish out of hand es-
pecially when large portions of that race start
vary far behind the point which our ancestors
had reached even thirty generations ago
In dealing with the Philippine people we must
show both patience and strength, forbearanca
and steadfast resolution. Our aim is high we
do not desire to do for the islanders merely
what has elsewhere been done for tropic peo-
Piles by even the best foreign governments. We
hope to do for them what has never before
been done for any people of the rropics-to
make them fit for self-g government after the
fashion Of the really free nations
History may safely be challenged to show a
single instance in which masterful race such
ours having been forced by the exieencies
of to take possession of an allen land
has behaved to its inhabitants with the 54s
interested zeal for their progress that our peo-
pie have shown in the Philippines. To leave
the islands at this time would mean that thev
would fall into a welter of murderous an
archy. Such desertion of duty on our mar.
woCld be a crime against humanity 'rhe
character of Governor Taft and OF his asso-
ciates and subordnates is proof, il such
be needed. Of the sincerity OF our effort 70
give the islanders a constantly increasina-
measure Of seif-government exactly as tasf
as they show themselves ht to exercise A.
Since the civil government was established
The San Francisco call., 1901-12-04
ARr1Y Is LARGE
ENOUGH FOR ALL
IT'S REQUIREMENTS
But Greater State of Efficiency Is
Desired by the Chief
Executive.

not an appointment has been made in the
islands with any reference to considerations
Of political influence, or to aught else savs
service
In our anxiety for the welfare and progress
Of the Philippines it may be that here and
there we have gone too rapidly in giving them
local self-gOvernment. 1t is on this side that
our error, If any, has been committed. No
competent observer, sincerely desirOus OF fnd-
ing out the facts and influenced only by a
desire for the welfare OF the natives, can as
sert that have not gone far enough. We
have gone to the very verge Of safety in has
! tening the process. To have taken a single
step farther or faster in advance would have
been folly and weakness, and might we'll have
been crime. We extremely anxious that
the natives shall show the power OF governing
themselves We are anxious, first for their
sakes, and next because 1t relieves us OF
great burden. There need not be the slightest
fear Of our not continuing to give them all
the liberty for which they are Mt.
The San Francisco call., 1901-12-04
GOVERNMENT AID
FOR AGRICULTURE

Preservation of Forests Is
Required and the Federal
Officers Should assist in
Reclamation of Arid
Lands BY Building Reser-
0oiyS.
The San Francisco call., 1901-12-04

ne OAAAy rear - lest
; in our Overanxiety we
give them a degree Of
independence for which
they are unfit, thereby
inviting reaction and
disaster. AS fast as
there is any reasonable
hope that in a given
district the people can
govern themselves self
The San Francisco call., 1901-12-04
OF COMMERCE
AND INDUSTRIES

Recommendation That There
Be a Ne7U Cabinet Officer
to Supervise Al Trade
Conditions, Merchant Ma
rne and Whatever Con-
Germs Labor.
The San Francisco call., 1901-12-04

In the ARID states lne
only right to water
which should be recOg-
nized is that of use.
In irrigation this right
should attach to the
land reclaimed and be
inseparable therefrom.
Granting perpetual
water rights to others
than users, without
The San Francisco call., 1901-12-04

IIC IFtIdIIId III'TI N
the unsettled arid pub
lie lands presents a
different problem. Here
ii is not enough to
regulate the flow of
streams. The object
of the Government is
to dispose of the land
to settlers who will
The San Francisco call., 1901-12-04
Great good is
accomplished
by assOcia-
[ 1 O N 3 O 4
WOrkingmen.


side the effort to deal with that tangle of far
reaching questions which we group together
when we speak of labor" The chief factor
in the success of each man-wageworker far
mer and capitalist alike-must ever be the
sum total of his own individual qualities and
abilities. Second only to this comes the power
Of acting in combination association with
others Very great good has been and will be
accomplished by associations or unions of
Wageworkers when managed with forethought
and when they combine insistence upon their
own rights with law-abiding respect for the
rights of others. The display of these quail
ties in such bodies is a duty to the nation
no less than to the associations themselves
Finally, there must also in many cases be ac-
tion by the Government in order to safeguard
the rights and interests of all Under our con-
sttution there is much more scope for such
action by the State and the municipality than
by the nation. But points such as those
touched on above the National Government can
act.
When all is said and done. the rule of broth
erhood remains as the indispensable prerequi-
site to success in the kind of national life for
which We strive. Each man must work for
himself and unless he works no outside
help can avail him; but each man must re-
member also that he is indeed his brothers
keeper, and that while no man who refuses
TO walk can be carried with advantage to him
self or any one else, yet that each at times
stumbles OF halts. that each at times needs
to have the helping hand outsretched to him
To be permanently effective, aid must always
take the form of helping a man to help him
self; and we all best help ourselves by
joining together in the work that is Of com
interest to all
Our present immigration laws are unsatis-
factory. We need every honest and efficient
immigrant fitted to become an American citi-
zen, every immigrant who comes here to stay.
who brings here strong body a stout heart
good head, and resolute purpose to do his
duty well in every way and to bring up his
children as abiding and God-fearing mem
Ders OF the community. But there should be a
comprehensive law enacted with the object of
working a threefold improvement over our
present system. First, we should aim to ex-
clude absolutely not only all persons who are
| known to be believers in anarchistic principles
OF members of anarchistic societies. but also
all persons who are Of a low moral tendency
or of unsavory reputation This means that
we should require more thorough system of
inspection abroad and a more rigid system of
examination at our immigration ports, the
former being especially necessary.
The San Francisco call., 1901-12-04

ID TO IIE NJ TASK
for a nation to achieve
the temperamental
qualities without which
the institutions of free
government are but an
empty mockery. Our
people are now sue
cessfully governing
themselves, because for
The San Francisco call., 1901-12-04

Cuba Will be
able to start
as her own
mistress In a
short time.
The San Francisco call., 1901-12-04

Storms are in
prospect In
e o vermment
of the Phil
ipp1nes.
The San Francisco call., 1901-12-04


will render effective the efforts of different
States to do away with the competition Of con-
vict contract labor in the open labor market.
So far as practicable under the conditions Of
Government work, provision should be made TO
render the enforcement of the eight hour law
easy and certain In all industries carried on
directly or indirectly for the United States
Government women and children should be
protected from excessive hours of labor from
night work and from work under unsanitary
conditions. The Government should provide
in its contracts that all work should be done
under fair" conditions and in addition to
setting high standard should uphold, it by
proper inspection, extending If necessary to the
sub-contractors. The Government should for
bid all night work for and children,
as well as excessive overtime. For the District
Of Columbia good factory law should be
passed; and a powerful indirect aid to such
laws provision should be made to turn the
inhabited alleys the existence of which is
reproach to our Capital City, into minor
streets, where the Inhabitants can live under
conditions favorable to health and morals
American wageworkers work with their heads
as well as their hands. Moreover, they take
keen pride in what they are doing; so that
independent of the reward. they wish to turn
out a perfect job. This is the great secret of
our success in competition with the labor of
foreign countries.
The San Francisco call., 1901-12-04

expended in the construction of irrigation Works
and many million acres of arid land reclalhneo
A high degree of enterprise and aollity nas
been shown in the work itself, but as muen
cannot be said in reference to the laws Ieldl-
ing thereto. The security and value OF tns
homes created depend largely on the staplIty
of titles to water, but the majority or these
rest on the uncertain foundation OF court uS-
cisons rendered in ordinary suits at law Win
a few creditabe exceptions the arid states
have failed to provide for the certain ana Just
division Of streams in times Of scarcity. Lax
and uncertain laws have made II ooSslDie "
establish rights to water in excess Of actuaI
uses or necessities and many streams nave al
ready passed into private ownership or a con-
troll equivalent to ownership.
Whoever controls a stream practically con-
trolls the land it renders productive. and the
doctrine of private ownership Of water apart
from land cannot prevail without causing en-
during wrong. The recognition Of such owner
ship, which has been permitted to grow up IN
the arid regions should give way TO more
enlightened and larger recognition Of the rights
of the public in the control and DISPOSAL or
the public water supplies. Laws founded upon
conditions obtaining in humid regions, where
water is too abundant to justify boarding II,
have no proper application in a dry country
The San Francisco call., 1901-12-04

r. e c 1 d rOcity
m u $ t ID e
treated as the
n a ndmaiden
of protection.
The San Francisco call., 1901-12-04
The first essential in

I ne IIISL tsStILIdl III
, determining how to
deal with the great in
dustrial combinations
is knowledge of the
facts-publicity. In the
interest of the public
the Government should
have the right to in
, spect and examine the
workings of the great
The San Francisco call., 1901-12-04

Reciprocity must De
treated as the hand
maiden of protection.
Our. first duty is to see
that the protection
granted by the tariff in
every case where 1T is
needed is maintained,
and that. reciprocity be
sought for. so far as it
oap falv hn done
The San Francisco call., 1901-12-04

DeveIOpme n [ $
of the past
Justify extern
sion of Gov
ernment aid.