davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Gloucester County Democrat. (Woodbury, N.J.) 1878-1932, 1901-06-06
News and Notes.

Vineland On. j. sweet potato growers
expend about $15 per acre for CONNER
cial fertilizers. When stable manure is
bought, the cost is greater.
The New England sugar season has
been short and the yield, with some
exceptions, below the average.
Gas lime literally applied as a dress
ing has been reported a preventive for
onion maggot and wireworm.
Partial irrigation is now largely en-
ployed as supplement to rainfall in
regions where the need of irrigation for
deciduous fruit trees was formerly
secuted.
The Pan-American exhibit of tobacco
includes all types and grades and
shows the wonderful progress made'of
late years in the tobacco industry.
Australia is said to possess a new
vegetable. the asparagus pea" which
combines the deliciousness of the two
popular vegetables.
Gloucester County Democrat. (Woodbury, N.J.) 1878-1932, 1901-06-06
Agricultural Brevities.

New Jersey growers have created a
reputation for their sweet potatoes
and now more Jersey sweets are sold
than that state produces.
Palmetto and Argenteuil asparagus
are varieties generally recommended as
resisting rust.
Air dried swamp muck has a high
value both for the nitrogen it contains
and for its power to absorb and retain
liquid excrement when used for bed
ding animals.
All winter grain is reported by the
crop circulars in good condition in New
England, grass wintered well, and
prospects are for an early and large
crop.
Gradus pea is called one of the finest
on the market, a great bearer, with
peas large and smooth.
Gloucester County Democrat. (Woodbury, N.J.) 1878-1932, 1901-06-06
SHEEP TICKS AND LICE.
Treatment For These Pests-How t
Make Din Mixture

Treatment For These Pests-How to
Make Dip Mixture.
Two insects may be included under
the caption sheep ticks or lice-the
sheep tick (Melophagus ovinus) and the
sheep louise CTrichodectes sphaeroceph-
alus)-says Professor Herbert Osborn
in American Agriculturist The former
is Wingless, somewhat fiattened crea-
ture, with a large abdomen, which
pierces the skin and sucks the blood,
the latter small reddish louise which
feeds on the epidermal scales and ex-
cretions of the skin. Both may be
treated by means of dipping and the
use Of sheep dips Is effectual against Ell
Their.
The treatment is best applied at time
Of shearing, as then the dipping solu-
ton most readily reaches the insects
and can be applied with greatest econ
omy. Wool clipped from infested sheep
should be stored far enough away from
the pens to make sure that no insects
can possibly find their way back to the
sheep. 1t is also safer to turn the dip
ped sheep into a new inclcsure and not
place them in the pens they occupied
before the treatment for at least
week or ten days, long enough so that
any insects that have been secreted in
litter, cracks or posts or other retreats
will have died.
For dipping there are a number of
valuable solutions. Some of the prep
arations on the market are doubtless
excellent, though more expensive than
when prepared from ingredients pur-
chased at commercial prices. Kerosene
emulsion made by boiling one half
pound hard soap in one gallon water,
adding this to two gallons kerosene
and churning for eight or ten minutes
till thoroughly emulsified and diluting
with eight times it's quantity of water,
makes an effective dip. This would
give "a gallons of mixture. About so
gallons is said to be sufficient for 80
sheep and 10 gallons for 100 sheep.
This is considered perfectly safe to
sheep and WOOL The tobacco dips,
zenners zenoleum and the carbollc acid
dip are also considered valuable.
Gloucester County Democrat. (Woodbury, N.J.) 1878-1932, 1901-06-06
Historical Divisions of Time.

For convenience time is. by his
torians. usually divided into three
great eras-ancient. medieval Tor mid
dle) and modern. The ancient period
Is considered to extend from the earli-
est times down to the fall of the Ro-
man empire in the west in A. d. 47G:
the medieval from that date to the
discovery OF America by Columbus in
1892 and the modern from that time to
the present. Some historians prefer to
put the end of the medieval period at
the capture of Constantinople by the
Turks. about 40 years earlier than the
Columbus event. The dark ages are
often held to be coeval with the me-
dinval era. but some authorities think
that the term should be applied only
to the part of the era extending from
the downfall of the empire of Charlie
aagne, in the ninth century. onward.
Gloucester County Democrat. (Woodbury, N.J.) 1878-1932, 1901-06-06
THE TOMATO.
Pruning to Single Stem-Commer-
ciaI Growers Favor 1t.

Pruning to a Single Stem-Commer-
cia1 Growers Favor 1t.
Where the system of pruning to a
single stem is followed two plants are
sometimes tied to a single stake, the
two plants being set about is inches
apart, with wider spaces between each
group of two. In all cases the stakes
should be driven as soon after planting
as possible. If this is delayed till the
roots get started, some damage may be
done to them.
BY pruning commercial growers mean
the pinching out of all lateral branches
as soon as they appear, thus combining
the growth strictly to one stem. When
about three clusters Of fruit are set, the
vines are topped, thus stopping all fur
Their growth of vine and turning the
energies of the plant entirely to the
growth and maturing of the fruits that
are already set. The advocates of this
system claim that it greatly increases
the size of the individual fruits and
that the bulk of the crop ripens several
days earlier than on unpruned plants.
OF course each plant produces fewer
fruits than when allowed to grow I'M
checked, but this is partly compensated
for by increased size and by the closer
planting that is possible on this sys-
tenn. In several of the more important
tomato growing regions this system is
very widely followed.
A few stations that have experiment.
ed with this method of pruning all re-
port earlier maturity as the result, and
the opinion of commercial growers who
have practiced it is so in its favor as to
seem to establish the fact that pruning
is profitable and advisable wherever
earliness and size are of more advan-
tage than total weight of crop.
1t is still perhaps an open question
whether or not under southern condi-
tons pruning does not really increase
rather than decrease the total yield.
To secure the best results from prun-
ing it is necessary to go over the plants
as often as once in five or six days in
order to remove the laterals before
they get more than an inch or two long
and when they can be pinched out by
the thumb and finger. If they are al
lowed to remain until they develop
leaves and woody tissues, it is of
course done at the expense of the other
parts of the plant, and we have in part
defeated the very purpose for which
we prune.
There is often great complaint among
tomato growers that the early clusters
of flowers do not set fruit. This is very
apt to be the case where plants are
making rapid growth and the wealth
er is at all unfavorable. On pruned
plants this loss is very largely avoided.
The first clusters almost always set
perfectly, and this probably explains in
part at least the heavier early pickings
as the result of pruning.
Gloucester County Democrat. (Woodbury, N.J.) 1878-1932, 1901-06-06
USING HIS WITS.
Showing How People Mny BE Guide
Inv Infaronco

Showing How People Mny BE Guided
by Inference.
"You see," said the man with the
bullying forehead and prominent nose,
''if people would only be guided more
by inference it would save lots of use
less trouble"
II don't understand YOU" said the
man who had been tickling pimple on
his chin.
'fWhy, for instance, passed Il frozen
pond one winter day. On the ice saw
a pair of skates, boys cap and a nit
ten. Out in the middle of the pond the
ice was broken. Did jump to the
conclusion that boy had been drown
ed and raise great hullabaloo about
it,"
"Of course you did. or else you ought
to be prosecuted. You don't mean to
say you passed on and said nothing?"
81 do calmly replied the man of the
forehead. Il inferred instead of jump
ing to a false conclusion"
But you had to infer that the boy
was under the Ice" protested the 9th.
er.
mot bit of it. If the boy had fallen
in, the skates and cap and mittens
would have gone with him. simply
inferred that he had seen a rabbit and
given chase. / was right too. In the
course Of five minutes met him on the
road"
"Oh, you did! And maybe you infer
red something else"
"Of course did AS he had the nose
bleed. inferred that he had fallen over
a log in the chase and got left, and he
admitted that such was the case"
'Then you ought TO have wound up
the performance by inferring whether
it was male or female rabbit
1T wasn't necessary. my capticus
friend. As I passed on found the
rabbit dead from overexertion, and it
was male. - Washington Post.
Gloucester County Democrat. (Woodbury, N.J.) 1878-1932, 1901-06-06
SHORTHORN CATTLE.
VALUE OF THIS BREED ON RANGES
OF THE WEST.

Would IInpnrt Just the Qualities
The Hereford a Worthy Rival.
Demonstration of Their Worth.
In an address before the Central
Shorthorn Breeders association F. d.
Coburn of the Kansas state board of
agriculture said in part:
In the work of advancing the herds
of the ranges and farms to a higher
and more profitable grade the Short
horn breed has made a wonderfully
notable record. 1t was the pioneer i'm
proven first to color the cattle red,
broaden their necks and shorten both
the horns and legs of the brood herds
Of Kansas, Colorado and adjacent ter
ritory on the south. Unfortunately,
much of this good missionary work is
lost to us today by the discontinuance
of careful breeding and the conversion
of a majority of these herds into beef
and has to be done over again. AL
over the west and south there are now
being gathered the nuclei of a thousand
COW herds of high and low degree. The
progeny of these herds will need shap-
ing and coloring. Here is the oppor-
tunity for the Shorthorn missionary to
do in larger way what he has so well
done before-make his mark by paint
ing the prairie pastures red and roam.
The Shorthorns have in so many con-
tests demonstrated the stuff they are
made of that | welcome rather than
deplore the stimulating rivalry with
other beef breeds that have followed
these pioneers into the wilderness to
help in the work of reclamation. There
is still missionary work and room for
them all. and the Shorthorn is more
than ever needed. What one of the
beef breeds is better qualified to ex-
pand the ribs. broaden the hips and
shorten the horn and legs of the
straight Texan than the lordly Short
horn? For the Shorthorn is most po
tent just where the Texan is most de-
fective. He breeds for the scales; he
breeds for the butchers block; he
breeds to tempt the appetite of the cpl
cure.
In demonstration of this it is only
necessary to refer to the records of the
American fat stock shows in Chicago
during their II years history. where,
according to the official reports, the
honor of being the champion beef steer
Gloucester County Democrat. (Woodbury, N.J.) 1878-1932, 1901-06-06
THE WEEDER.
Stirs Every Particle of Soil and Kills
Millions of Weeds.

Stirs Every Particle of Soil and Kills
Millions of Weeds.
Farmers have learned lesson in re-
gard to cultivation and found that it
is not necessary nor even desirable
to turn the world upside down every
time a corn crop is to be cultivated,
and the weeder has found favor with
farmers who have studied the subject
of shallow cultivation in connection
with the advantages of this new tool.
In general appearance it is machine
not unlike the sullzy rake, but instead
of having one row of long steel spring
teeth it has several. In passing over
the ground it easily stirs every particle
Of the surface. 1t kills millions of
weeds, puts the surface soil in fine
filth, breaks up crusts after heavy
rains, and for much of the cultivation
that is necessary in growing crops it
is about as near a perfect implement
as we have.
1t is a ve-y useful tool to go over
corn before the plants are large enough
to cultivate with any other tool It
destroys ali the weeds in it's path,
leaving the deeper rooted corn plant
uninjured.
We have seen this implement at
work under many varying conditions,
and so far as we are able to judge,
after trying all the various tools for
cultivation that have been in vogue for
almost 40 years, it is one of the best
cultivators we know of.
1t has the further advantage of get
ting over the ground rapidly. A IS
foot weeder, for example, will cover
any field needing surface cultivation
in a very short time, and the fact en-
ables the farmer to give that frequent
cultivation that is necessary to break
up crusts after rains and to keep the
upper inch of the soil in condition
that will make it an effective mulch
for the conservation of moisture DUR
ing dry weather.
We are satisfied that trial of the
weeder will convince any farmer of it's
value, and those who have not investi-
gated it should inquire of their dealers
about it, says Iowa Homestead.
Gloucester County Democrat. (Woodbury, N.J.) 1878-1932, 1901-06-06

[Jerseys-A, dairy type; spare and deep body,
well sprung ribs, large udder development. B,
beef type; large frame, small udder development,
taking flesh easily, smooth and plump.l
upon breed or size. The records also
indicate that COWS of the spare and
angular type remain in good service
for a much longer period than cows
having tendency to lay on flesh.
During five years of careful inves-
tigation in regard to the cost of pro-
duction of butter between cows spare
and angular in form and cows carry
ing considerable superfuous tissue
and having an inherited or acquired
disposition to convert feed into flesh
the records show that in every in
stance the COW that carried the least
flesh charged the least for butter, and
just in so much as one COW was little
smoother and plumper than the other
would her butter product cost more
than the other.
Gloucester County Democrat. (Woodbury, N.J.) 1878-1932, 1901-06-06
THE coWPEA A SUCCESS.
A Good Point That Has Been Gener-
ally Overlooked.

ally Overlooked.
The cowpea when properly under.
stood needs no one to champion fits;
cause. Merits it has in plenty, but be,
ing pasture crop before maturity Is
not one Of them, and am very much
inclined to doubt its utility as soiling
crop unless partially cured. 1t is best
for all concerned that this should be
known in the north and east at the first
rather than Mt the last, writes CORE
spondent to Country Gentleman.
The cowpea as catch crop Is pre-
eminently a success. You can SOW on
wheat stubble and be assured Of good
yield if you will roll the land after the
seeding, or you can drill it in the corn
at the last cultivation with like sue
cess, but don't expect the pea to come
to the front much until the corn has
about matured unless it is wet sea-
son, as the corn will appropriate nearly
all the moisture to it's own use.
1t seems to me that one of the best
points of the pea has been almost en-
tirely overlooked, and that is it's excel
lence and convenience as swine food.
The amount of protein it contains
makes it when fed in conjunction with
corn a well balanced ration, but for
pigs under 5 months old we leave off
the corn.
The method practiced here Tennes-
see) by our best farmers when growing
the pea for hogs is as follows: About
May they make their first planting.
This is done with Whippoorwill, me-
dunn early maturing variety. The
grain should be about all ripe before
the hogs are turned on. This will be
about the Goth of August. About June
10 second planting is made with the
Black pea, which is later maturing
variety.
The practice is to turn the hogs on
the Whippoorwill field and let them
stay until the peas are all consumed,
then change them to the Black. By
this means they prolong the pasturing
season frequently until March, the
Black pea keeping in almost perfect
condition until that time.
This is the most economical way to
produce pork that 1 know of. Now, I
think that with the addition of about
two weeks of corn feeding to finish off
you would have a bacon hog after the
English notion. 1 know by experience
that it contains larger per cent of
lean than the corn fed hog
Gloucester County Democrat. (Woodbury, N.J.) 1878-1932, 1901-06-06
POTATO scAB.
You Can Encourage or Discourage II
with Soil and Fertilizer.

Blackened pockftlike cavities and
roughened corky spots are Characters
tic of scab on potatoes. On beets it
does not lead to pits, but results in
rough, corky elevations which are usu-
ally more extensive on the upper half
of root
Every potato grower knows that
some soils are more favorable to scab
than others. Chemist Jones of the Yer
mont station says: General experience
indicates that heavy soils, whether
they are of clay, muck or humus, are
of the favoring class. This may be be-
cause they are moister.
There is ground for the statement
sometimes made that the soil best fit
ted for large yield of potatoes is also
most inclined to scab.
Experiments at the Rhode Island sta
ton show that an acid condition of the
soil checks the development of the scab
fungus, and Professor Wheeler sug-
gests that blowing under green crop,
such as clover, will check the scab
fungus, since this green matter while
decomposing will render the soil tenn
porarily acid. On the other hand, fer
tilizers or manures which tend to de-
stroy the natural acidity of the soil or
to increase it's alkalinity may thereby
render conditions more favorable for
the fungus.
1t is the common experience that
lime and ashes are apt to favor the
scab. The Rhode Island experiments
showed that this is attributable to
their content of carbonate Of lime
which renders the soil favorably al
kaline. Similar increase of scab fol
lowed the use of soda ash carbonate
of Soda, potash carbonate of potas-
sium) and magnesia. Stable manure
of all kinds fayors the scab develop
ment, probably for similar reasons.
Fertilizing materials which do not
tend to increase the scab and which
may even check it are enumerated as
follows: Common salt, land plaster,
most commercial fertilizers Gncluding
superphosphates), sulphate of ammo
MIA, nitrate of soda, kainit, muriate of
potash and sulphate of potash.
Gloucester County Democrat. (Woodbury, N.J.) 1878-1932, 1901-06-06
NOTHcE.

In the matter Of The improvement Of the public road
kROWlt as the Woodbury. aud GIdssboro rodd
Notice of the assessment of benefits conferred
by the Improvement of said road upon the lands
fronting or bordering thereon.
In obedience to order of the Gloucester
County Circuit Court, made on the seventeenth
day of May, nineteen hundred and one l. the
subscriber Collector OF the Borough of Wenonah
in the County of Gloucester do hereby give,
notice to the owners of the lots and tracts of
land and real estate, in the said Borough of
Wenonah, fronting or bordering on the public
road, known as the Woodbury. and Glassboro
road, that the several amounts following, set
opposite their respective names, have been by
the Commissioners appointed by the said Court
for that purpose, assessed for the peculiar bene-
fits conferred by the improvement of the said
road upon their respective lots and tracts of
land fronting bordering thereon, as appears
by the report OF the said Commissioners, by the
said Court duly confirmed and on file III the
Office of the Clerk of the said County of Glou-
cester; and that the said several amounts so
assessed will be due and payable to the under
signed, as Collector of the said Borough of
Wenonah, within six months from the date
hereof.
Names of Owners. Amounts assessed.
Thomas w. Synnott SO 90
H. L. taf 90 OO
Geo L. GO %
Stephen ITO DC
Total assessment. ..................... $40 OF
David o. Watkins, GEORGE BUZBY,
Attorney. Collector,
Dated May 18th, 1901 Wenonah N j.
Gloucester County Democrat. (Woodbury, N.J.) 1878-1932, 1901-06-06
sHoRrHoEN COW.

In each year went eight times to the
grade Shorthorn, four times to the pure
bred Shorthorn, twice to the crossbred
Hereford Shorthcrn. twice to the pure
bred Hereford and once to pure bred
Angus In the feeding contests for
weight and gain per day the records of
the same exhibition show that the aver
age gain per day of 3-year-olds of all
breeds for 10 years was 1.5G pounds, of
Shorthorns 1.59 pounds. The average
daily gain of 2-year-olds of all breeds
for Is years was 1.S1 and of Shorthorns
Isl pounds. The average daily gain
of yearlngs of all breeds for - years
was 212. of Shorthorns PA. The
Aberdeen-Angu is the only one of the
pure breeds that exceeded the Short
horn on the three ages for the Is years
and is. according to the test and these
fat stock show records, the Shorthorn's
greatest rival in the feed lot and may.
over at least part of the range coun-
try, be also its rival in the pasture.
If, however, I read the agricultural
press Alright. the breeders of Shorthorns
regard the Herefords. numbers and
quality considered. as their only really
formidable or dangerous competitors
In the territory west of the Missouri
and southwest of the Platte; likewise
the Hereford breeders look similarly
upon the Shorthorns.
Members of the Shorthorn Breeders
association, your opportunity is before
you. Put no limit on your outward look
westward and southwark this side of
the Rocky mountain summit ard the
gulf of Mexico. A quarter of billion
acres of grass, nurturing 100000
head of cattle, today worth $200.000,-
600, alone by such agencies as yours
can be doubled in value in single dec
ade if only pure bred sires are used in
all the COW herds during this time.
Likewise so per cent can be added to
the value if pure breds only are used.
It is a limitless market for the mis-
sionary bull. and it is your privilege TO
demonstrate to the beef producers Of
this great domain that you are public
benefactors when you Introduce better
blood. whereby the ranchman may re-
dllZG Ell tGAuA AOA lis S5itAoSs tht
feeder more profitable prices for his
grain and the consumer, wherever it
may find him. in America or the antip-
odes. a more wholesome, palatable. di-
gestible food. Work for this, contrib
ute to this, and whatever the label or
trademark your instrument may bear
you will have lived to purpose. The
Shorthorn business was never before
ON so high a plane as 1t is today.
There were never so many meritorious
animals and never such small proper
ton of weeds among them as today.
never so much substance, never so
much prepotence. never greater posi-
bilities for their doing good. never
time when they were SO in condition TO
hurry all competitors.
Gloucester County Democrat. (Woodbury, N.J.) 1878-1932, 1901-06-06
NOTICE.

In The matter Of the improvement of the stbtic road
knotcn as The Woodbury. aud GtdSsboro road.
Notice of the assessment of benefits conferred
by the improvement of said road, upon the lands
fronting or bordering thereon.
In obedience to order of the Gloucester
County Circuit Court, made on the seventeenth
day of May, nineteen hundred and one, l, the
subscriber Collector of the City of Woodbury.,
in the County of Gloucester, do hereby give
notice to the owners of the lots and tracts of
land and real estate, in the said City OF Wood
bury fronting or bordering on the public road,
known as the Woodbury. and Glassboro road
that the several amounts following, set opposite
their respective names, have been, by the Com
missioners appointed by the said Court for that
purpose, assessed for the peculiar benefits CON
ferred by the Improvement of the said road
upon their respective lots and tracts of land
fronting or bordering thereon, as appears by the
report of the said Commissioners, by the said
Court duly confirmed and on file in the Office of
the Clerk of the said County of Gloucester; and
that the said several amounts so assessed will be
due and payable to the undersigned as Collector
of the said City of Woodbury., within six months
from the date hereof.