The daily morning journal and courier., 1901-02-20
FORMER SUPV. BROCKWAY
OF ELMIRA STATE BEFORMATORY
 DELIYERED ADDRESS
Last Night in Sheffield Course of Lec- lures On the Genesis of Crime and Measures for Reform-Beiieves Morfhi Exhoi tation for the Most Part Useless
 Praises the Effect of Parole Laws and
Indetermtnnte sentences.

pr. Zebulon B. Broadway, former su-
 perintendent of the Elmira state re-
 formatory, last night delivered in the
 Sheffield lecture course in North Shelf 1 field hall an interesting address on the
 genesis of crime and the methods for reform of criminals.
 MT. Broadway in opening reviewed
 rapidly the history of the movement toward prison reform during the last
 century which began with separate
 state societies during the period from
 1S40-1S70. At the latter date more
 weight was given to the movement by
 the formation at Cincinnati of the Ma
 tionaI Prison association, and soon af- ter this the International Penal Conn.,
 mission was founded.
 From the organized effort continued
 since 1870 very marked improvements
 have been made in the penal laws of
 EnglaI% and America, and in prison
 systems. The latter part of the century
 has seen a wave of public opinion and
 sentiment in regard to leniency in the
 punishment of prisoners for their
 crimes, and sometimes even undue len
 iency.
 A good result, however of this public
 sentiment was observable at the meet
 ing of the International Penal assocla- Nion in Brussels last month, where the fact was brought out that the world over the average duration of imprison- ment has been diminished, suspended sentences have been much more com ;,,+ te,,, of Y,r tinY1 which shortens the term consequent up- on good conduct; and more broad minded and intelligent treatment has toned up the discipline of the prisons. The old methods of fixed and arbitrary statute penalties applied to the fact of the crimes and not to the temperaments of the prisoners are in measure done away with. In New York the first pa role laws were enacted, and in 1898 the American Bar association published a statement that twenty-five states had followed the example of New York, with a list of several states that were then | considering such enactment. To-day | nearly all the states in the Union have | parole laws.
 MT. Broadway then related some of | the peculiarities of the criminal classes. | Criminals as a rule are more youthful than is generally known, the age of ranging from sixteen to thirty years The criminal is inferior and mentally to the normal type; he is devitalized in constitution, under sized, and with decided symptoms of degeneracy. The average criminal has a congenital defect which appears as blending of sex, male criminals tending to be effeminate and female be- ing more of the masculine aspect and habit. There is a genuine criminal type observable in the features and contour of the body, of which the marks Ire the receding forehead, the large nose more or 4ess defecting to one side, out standing ears, recading chin, short legs md long arms, etc. Actual measure nents have been taken of the physical variation from normal types in crimi lals. They average from ten to eigh- cen pounds lighter than the weight of students of Amherst college, with cor diminution in lung capacity md in tests of strength. It is signifi- ant that the criminal equals the nor- nal type in strength of legs.
 l Broadway characterized as wofully de- lcient, only 161A per cent. being com nonly educated. and but per cent yell educated men. During all my ex- ,erience," he said. T have met with 'ut one who had a full college educa- lon."
 The only manifestation of intelligence n the criminal Is of a shrewd and cun- ing, but~unwise character A lack of impulsiveness, both mind nd hand untrained, and all improvi- ent disposition marks his character. per cent of the class is 5orthless for industry.
 In regard to the discipline of this lass MT. Broadway believes that moral and appeals to reason are l, or the most part useless. Religious ess and criminality, two contradictory lements exist in criminals uncon-