davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bamberg herald. [volume] (Bamberg, S.C.) 1891-1972, 1901-03-21
Ehrhardt EtchingS.

EHRuARDT, March 1S-Many farmers
in this section are in need of fertilizer,
and are put out with the railroad for not
being able to furnish cars for their sup
ply.
Mr.. J. c.. Nesterland is building an ice
house near the railroad and will furnish
the public with fresh ice this summer.
Mr.. and Mrs. l. D. Copeland spent
Sunday with the latter's parents near
Clear Pond.
Miss Corribcllc Spcights left Ehrhardt
Sunday to visit her cousin, Mrs. Hutto
at Branchvillc.
Misses Iris Carter and Lou Smith were
the ruests of the Misses Chisolm Satur'
day.
Mcssrs. Howk Fender and Lewis
Kinard, of this section, and Mr.. Tom
Fender, of Branchyi!le, spent one night
this week on the Edisto fishing ut Fen
der's scin yard and caught four shad and
| ten red horse.
Misses Willie and Della Jones, popular
young ladies of Hopes Lodge, spent
Saturday with the family of |. ". Garter
Miss Addie and Mrs. ]. ID. Jenny, O
Jenny, were the guests of the latter's pa
rents, Mr.. and Mrs J. NJ. Dannelly, Sat
urday.
J. ID. Quattlcbaum, with several assist
ants, left Ehrhardt with about twenty
FIVE head of horses and mules one da,
last week for WATERFORD.
4. c. Reynolds has opened his sod;
fount, and is dealing out the cold drinks
Many of our young folks anticipate
pleasant evening at the ball to be g'vel
in Lodge hall the 26th instant.
| Don't forget the animal picnic at Ciea
Pond on Good Friday
/ Hnr
The Bamberg herald. [volume] (Bamberg, S.C.) 1891-1972, 1901-03-21
Ulmer Locals.

UI.MER, March 1S-If some of oul
citizens would put up some nice houses
we're sure they could rent them to nice
people.
A paint brush would do wonders here
Our little town was livened up the past
few days by the telephone boys. They
are putting some more wires on the long
distance line. We were sorry to see them
leave this morning.
The Seaboard Air Line railroad had a
bad accident three miles above here
Saturday. One of the freight cars ran
off the track, completely tearing up the
track for three-quarterS Of Il mile and
running about six cars. No one was
hurt. They had it passable by Sunday
morning.
On account of the wreck there was
no preaching at Saltkehatchic church
Sunday.
Rev. 4 H. Wilson, of Ehrhardt, visited
Mr.. and Mrs. P. NJ. kearsc last Thursday.
Messrs. P. NJ. and j. O. kcarsc boarded
the train here this morning for Savannah.
Among our visitors recently were seen
Messrs. o. +. Kcarsc, Otis Deer, W. G.
Best, Mrs. S. E. Timer, Misses - Week
ley, Emma Gray, Lille and Viola Week
ley, and others.
Mrs. Julia Halford is still i'll, but glad
to report is improving. QUAKER.
The Bamberg herald. [volume] (Bamberg, S.C.) 1891-1972, 1901-03-21
Clear Pond Dots.

Some of the farmers have planted corn
If they don't mind they will have te
plant over,
We are sorry to hear Of the illness o
Mrs. Frank Zeigler.
Misses Belle Sandifer and Gillie Smoak
were the guests of Miss Josephine Garter
last Sunday.
Mrs. Alice Smoak and son, Bennie
visited her brother in Orangeburg las'
week.
Quite surprise Saturday night wher
a crowd of young folks gathered at tho
home of Mrs. Ellen Mitchell, although i,
was enjoyed by all who were present.
Miss Florrie Mcmillan, who has beer
very sick, is improving.
Mr.. Eugene Hutto, of Midway, who
has been very sick, was able to attenC
Sunday-sch Sunday afternoon.
Miss Ottry Sandifer was the guest o
Miss Stella Folk Saturday and Sunday.
Mr.. and Mrs. r. F. Mcmillan visited
his mother, Mrs. J. R. Mcmillan Sunday
March IS, 1901. F. S.
The Bamberg herald. [volume] (Bamberg, S.C.) 1891-1972, 1901-03-21
BuIOrd's Bridge Breezes.

On Saturday, the 10th instant, a freight
train on the Seaboard Air Line, between
Roby switch and Saltkehatchie swamp,
was wrecked. There was some heavy
machinery in q car that caused the
trouble. Two boxes, one oil tank, and
one coal fiat were totally wrecked; three
baggage and express cars were derailed
There were several holes knocked in the
oil tank, which contained cotton seed oil,
and the contents, 4,G35 gallons, ran out
in the ditch 1t ran for 100 feet or more
and was from six inches to two feet in
the bitches. The company did not object
to any one getting as much as they wanted:
1t was carried off in cans, buckets, and
barrels all day Sunday. There is oil
enough in the neighborhood and to spare
lust now. The tracks were cleared and
trains passed Sunday.
Mr.. Geo. Moore and Mrs. R. G. Kirk
land, of Rarnwell, spent last Tuesday at
DIR. n. F. kirkland's.
Misses Florrie Brabham and Carrie
Kearse visited Bamberg last Saturday and
Sunday.
Rev. T. J. Sandifer, of Bamberg, spent
last Monday night at Mr.. o. G. Rhodes.
Mrs. II. NJ. Graham and daughters,
Jennie and Carrie, of Greenwood, are
visiting at her fathers, Dr. n. F. Kirk
land, Sr.
Mrs. jamie Brabham and son, Josie,
visited on Colston Friday and Saturday.
Our school will be out in about two
| weeks.
Rev. J. G. Beckwith preached q very
fine sermon at Mizpah Sunday afternoon
Mr.. Ewart Brabham and sisters, Misses
Adelaide and Sarah, of Kearse, spent
Saturday night at Mr.. T. Il Kearse:s.
The Bamberg herald. [volume] (Bamberg, S.C.) 1891-1972, 1901-03-21
Death of Mrs. SMOak.

HARTzoG, March 1S.-On the 10th in
stant our beloved sister, Mrs. Mary
Smoak, died at her home, and her re-
mains were taken to Hunters Chapel
Sunday afternoon for burial. She was a
steadfast friend and a loving mother,
and as she lived so she died: armed in
strong faith in the son of God. She was
a member of the Hunters Chapel Bap-
tist church. A precious one from us is
gone, a voice We loved is stilled; va
cant place Is in our church, which never
can be filled. We extend our sympathy
to the bereaved ones. A MEMBER.
The Bamberg herald. [volume] (Bamberg, S.C.) 1891-1972, 1901-03-21
Death of Mrs. Maggie Shipes.

Mrs. Maggie f. Shipes, wife Of MIR. D.
c.. Shipes, died at their home few miles
above town last Wednesday, the 18th,
after long illness. The burial took
place at the Lee graveyard at Lees last
Thursday, and the services were conduct
ed by Rev. W. d. Rice, D. D.
Mrs. Shipes was daughter OF MIR.
Louis Lee, and was forty years old at the
time of her death, being born in 1860.
She was married in 1876 to Mr.. >. L.
Shipes and ten children and her husband
are left behind. Two children are dead.
The bereavcd husband and relatives desire
to express their gratitude to the many
friends who were so kind to the deceased
during her long illness.
The Bamberg herald. [volume] (Bamberg, S.C.) 1891-1972, 1901-03-21

Miss Emile Cole, with the Alba Hey
wood Company, is the kind of singer the
public delight to listen to and honor
Her voice is sweet and sympathetic to a
degree, her articulation as distinct as
though speaking, so that at no time does
one lose word of the story. Miss Cole
is pupil of the celebrated Swedish sing
er. Mile. Lime. Her home is in London
but since coming to the States four years
ago she has met with unqualified success
Her two years as under study in the
"Bostonian Opera Company has thor,
ouehly schooled her in the art of ballad
singing, until there are few that can
equal her. These qualifications, com:
bined with her personal charms and
beauty, bring to hax the highest artistic
success. Miss Cole will be heard here on
the evening of March 3Oth with the Alba
Haywood company.
The Bamberg herald. [volume] (Bamberg, S.C.) 1891-1972, 1901-03-21
HartzOg Happenings.

HARTzoG, March 1S-The young peo'
pie of this community are very anxious
for the Good Friday picnic to take place
as they expect to attend.
We were grieved to learn of the death
of Mrs. Mary Smoak, which sad event
tpak place last Saturday. She had been
sick for some time.
The cold wave which came last Friday
was unexpected, but We can only say
like the old darkey: "Dere's tings ahcad
dat people neber did study bout"
The Bamberg herald. [volume] (Bamberg, S.C.) 1891-1972, 1901-03-21
Honey Ford News.

Mrs. Sallie Sandifer had some good ant
bad luck Saturday night. A mink killec
seven of her incest chickens and she killed
the mink, and l guess she had 4 chicken
pie Sunday.
We are glad to say that Spring Brancf
is improving little by little.
We are sorry to hear of the illness O.
Mrs. Lucy Clever.
We are glad to say Mrs. Mary Besinger
who has been very sick, is improving.
Little Marie Smoak was the guest o.
Lille Sandifer Sunday. n.
The Bamberg herald. [volume] (Bamberg, S.C.) 1891-1972, 1901-03-21
G.. A. p. Writes About Whiskey.

EDITOR THE BAMBERG HERALD:-ln
your last weeks paper was an article
from Clod Hopper on whiskcy and pis-
tolls and the ones that drink it. Now
want to ask Mr. Clod Hopper few ques-
tions. | wish to ask if our friend never
took drink of whiskey. He don't leave
no gap to get out; he puts in every man
that takes one drink, just one little
drink. Now know that whiskey is i'll
directly responsible for many crimes
committed in our fair land. but | cannot
agree with Clod Hopper when he says
that every man that takes drink is on
the road to destruction, or that whiskcy
is responsible for all the crime that is
committed. Now l want to call your at
tention to one instance Here at How
ellis old mill u few days ago three men
seemed to be very hungry after fish; came
down there and asked the miller about
fish; he politely told them that he had no
fish, but they insisted that he must get
them some fish, and again the old darkey
told them that it was impossible to get
them any fish. With this denial to fur
nish them fish they all three went to
beating the helpless old darkey and beat
him numerically. Not being satisfied
with beating him with their fists they
took their pistols and beat their victim,
knocking out four or five of his teeth.
Now, Mr.. Editor and Mr.. Clod Hopper,
these men were sober; they had no whis-
key, and yet they would have overpow-
cred and taken the life of an inoffensive
an harmless old darkey. We have this
much to say, however, that we hope the
way of the, transgressor in this case will
he hard. G.. A. p.
The Bamberg herald. [volume] (Bamberg, S.C.) 1891-1972, 1901-03-21
Personal Mention.

H. F. Rice, Esq, spent Monday il
Columbia.
Mr.. ]. F. Morris, of ColSton, was hero
Tuesday.
Mr.. P. NJ. kearSc, OF Timer, was in
the city Tuesday.
Miss Cornelia Barton is visiting
friends at Williston.
DIR. A. J. Harter, of Timer, spent
yesterday in the city.
MIR. w. Fl. Warn, of Colston, was IN
the city last Thursday.
e. T. LaFittc, Esq, of Denmark, was
in town last Thursday.
> Mr.. Charlie Adams, of Waltcrhoro,
was in the city last week.
MIR. T. A. Green, of Spartanburg,
was in the city this week.
Mrs. Mary E. HartZog, of Denmark,
is on visit to relatives III town.
MFR. Eugene Weissinger, Of Black
Vile, was in town last Friday.
-Messrs. Daniel 0. Hunter and John
Cooner were in town yesterday.
MIR. Eugene c. Hunter, of Branch
vile, was in town last Monday.
Mrs. A. II. Bruce visited relatives at
Branchville Monday and Tuesday.
The many friends of Mrs. T. J: Counts
will regret to learn that she is quite Ill.
DIR. E. H. Bowling is still right sick.
Mrs. Bowling and Miss Lima are better.
Mr.. L. w. Ritter, of kearse, was in
town Monday and paid US a pleasant
CALL
Miss Gussie Adams, who has been
visiting her sister, Mrs Stokes, at Wal
terboro, returned home last week.
Mrs. S. H. Saunders and children, OF
Florence, arrived yesterday morning on
a visit to the family of Col. I. j. Counts.
Rev. R. p. Walker, of Allendale, will
preach in the Presbyterian churdh neNt
Sunday morning Thepuhic is cordially
invited to attend the services.
Mrs. I'M. Graham and children, of
Greenwood. are on visit to the family
of Mrs. Graham's father, DIR. N. f. Kirk
land, ST., at Buford's Bridge.
Mrs. ". P. Smith, Of Bronson, Fla,
who has been visiting her sister, Mrs. Z.
r. Calhoun, for the past week, has gone
to Orangeburgto see other relatives.
DIR. NJ. r. Lewis left last Thursday
afternoon for Baltimore, where he VIII
take a special course at Johns Hopkins
hospital. The Doctor Will be absent
about month.
The Bamberg herald. [volume] (Bamberg, S.C.) 1891-1972, 1901-03-21

A dutchman was asked why he had
employed a certain member of the bar to
defend him, who was noted for his high
c. voice and loud speaking. Dutchy re-
piled: "Ach, dots der kind of lawyer to
haf, yet"
Why: he was asked. The reply was
Because he hollcr so loud ven he
schpeak he scare dot jury"
The Bamberg herald. [volume] (Bamberg, S.C.) 1891-1972, 1901-03-21
The Jury.

The April term of court will convene
here Monday, the Sth, Judge o. W. Buch'
anan presiding. The juries were drawn
yesterday morning and are as follows:
GRAND JURORS.
n Crider, Jr., Bamberg.
E. F. Mcmillan, Ehrhardt
Allen Gillian, Lees.
John Cooner, Fishpond.
G. G. Fender, Ehrhardt.
W. L. Mitchum, kearse.
W. j. Rogers, Goyan.
T. A. Hutto, Govan.
Chas. Ehrhardt, Ehrhardt.
W. l. Rice, Olar.
J. J. Fogle, Denmark.
ID. r. Morrow, Midway
The following hold over from last
year:
T. c. Tant, Bamberg.
W. r. HERS, Ehrhardt.
d. F. Hutto, Denmark.
W. NJ. Raysor, Hartzog.
f. F. kinard, Kearse.
r. S. Simmons, Bamberg.
PETIT JURORS, FIRST WEEK.
Henry Fail, Govan.
J. w. Ray, Govan.
H. E. Gibson, FiShpond.
j, W. Lancaster, Govan.
NJ. C. Chitty, Olar.
c. +. Rentz, Ehrhardt.
j. A. Spann, Bamberg.
r. E. Steedly, Hartzog.
A. H. Nicely, Denmark.
f. D. !. Summers, Fishpond.
+. H. McCrae, Denmark.
S. l.. HERS, Ehrhardt.
J. F. Jones. Bamberg.
l.. W. Abstance, Denmark.
n. 4. Bellinger, Bamberg.
J. A. j. Rice, Bamberg.
G. L. Bishop, Ehrhardt.
L. L. Ellzey, Midway.
W. d. Rice, Jr., Denmark.
J. c. Shipes, Bamberg.
S. c. Williams, Midway.
J. T. Smoak, Bamberg.
J. F. Copeland, Ehrhardt.
II. II. Nimmons, Govan.
c. I. Barton, Bamberg.
D. N. Rhoad, HartZog.
G. w. Bessinger, Govan.
NJ. J. Ray, Govan.
J. B. Zorn, Govan.
J. A. Mccormack, Fishpond.
E. NJ. Sandifer, Denmark.
R. c. Jones, Bamberg.
J. S. Fields, Govan.
c. r. Carroll, Bamberg.
J. P. Collins, Olar.
j. l. Reid, Denmark.
The Bamberg herald. [volume] (Bamberg, S.C.) 1891-1972, 1901-03-21

A Kansas editor apologies for saying
bride appeared in her "shirt sleeves" D."
I'VE wrote short Sleeves" says the
editor, "as plain as we know how"
The Bamberg herald. [volume] (Bamberg, S.C.) 1891-1972, 1901-03-21
FOUND!

After 25 years of thought and study
to discover, an article indispensable
to all civilized mankind. That never
wears out, is as new after so years of
constant use as the day made, sur
passes in utility anything ever at
tempted for ingenuity, novelty and
usefulness. No such inTention ever
before offered. Merchants, ministers,
teachers; scholars, young or old, sick
or well, can easily earn good living
in their locality, and not interfere
with their vocation. Samples by
mail 15cts or full particulars free.
Only one agent in section. Address
w. B. BURKE, Charleston, s. C.
NIB, Please mention this paper.
The Bamberg herald. [volume] (Bamberg, S.C.) 1891-1972, 1901-03-21
MRS. NJ. l.. COUNTS.

Mrs. Counts invites attention in this
issue to the dates of her spring opening,
which will take place on Monday and
Tuesday, April 1st and I'd: A special
invitation is extended to visit her store
on those days, when beautiful line of
dainty things for women's wear will be
displayed. Especial attention is called
to the lines of white goods, laces and
embroiderieS.
A. c. REYNOLDS.
Notice the change of ad. in this issue.
He always has something new to say.
His store is always kept fully up-to-date.
The Cotton Oil Co.-Notice.
w. B. Burko-Found.
DR.. NJ. r. Lewis-Notice.
The Bamberg herald. [volume] (Bamberg, S.C.) 1891-1972, 1901-03-21
New Advertisements.
MRS. 4. 7. SHUCK & CO.

Your attention is invited to the new
advertisement in this issue. The spring
opening days will be Wednesday, Thurs
day and Friday, April Srd, 18th and 9TH.
A full line of the latest styles in milli-
merry will be shown, as well as summer
dress goods, laces, ribbons, etc. You are
cordially invited to visit their store ON
the opening days, as we'll as at all other
times.
The times., 1901-03-24

be installed before the year is out. But
il is not the intention of the authorities
to burn all the waste paper. 1t VIII be
utilized in two ways: First, by the sort
ing and saving of that which is marheta-
Bile.
While the worth of clean paper and
rags depends upon the demand and the
price upon the market quotations, yet
the records of the past few years show
the average would be about $S per ton
the season through for good quality of
stock. and the poorest quality, about Sc.
Assuming the above figures to be cor
rect and taking into consideration the
fact that the waste would be disposed OF
at a much less cost per ton than by the
present system, more than $3e0 900 would
be saved to the city in this item alone
But after dispOSing of the Salabte part
of the rags and paper there remains tle
combustible part to get rid of, which, by
following the practice of foreign cues
can be disposed of at a profit by convert
ing the heat obtained from the combus-
tion into horse power.
This forms the second method of utii-
iZing the waste paper, rags. ana otheT
CombuStible waste. OF the grand total
of rubbish collected about 80 per cent Is
good only for combustion, and is, there-
fore to be used as fuel IT has been dem
onstrated that this class of garbage IN
the moderniZed furnace for its combuS-
tion and for utilizing the heat units for
the creation of steam, has in it one-tenth
the value Of coal. This means that New
York city tOwed out TO sea last year more
than $500 tons of coal, which had 4 mon
ey value of $35 600 This rubbish was
worse than wasted, for after being dump
ed into the sea it was blown, drifted and
tossed about by wind tide, and waves,
much of it landing on the shores and
| beaches OF the health resorts, there to be-
come q nuisance and menace to humanity.
The times., 1901-03-24

Taken altogether, the ceramic phe-
nomena Of the Southern States seem to
, indicate pretty much the degree of in
tercourse between the nations occupying
the neighboring land areas as would be
expected OF enterprising peoples well
enough advanced il maritime mat
ters TO navigate the wide straits
with considerable ease. yet de-
cidedly attached through long oc-
cupation to definite traditional seats OF
hahitaJ<n the tendency being under
such conditions Of association for culture
elements TO pass by infltration from the
higher TO the lower culture groups.
Mr.. CUSHINC'S INyESTIG ATOMS
The most significant archaeological in
vestigatious however in his connection
were those Of Mr.. Frank Hamilton Cush-
ing at San Marco. in southwestern Flori-
da. and the explorations Of Mr.. Clarence
Moore in the sand mounds Of Florida.
The latter has clearly revealed culture
not akin to that Of the Indians found
upon the spot when this region was first
visited by Ponce de Leon. but Mr Cush-
ing's explorations in the old canals ana
artificial IagO0ns reveal wealth of
archaeological treasures, all OF which
show that the ancient people Of southern
Florida were allied 10 those Of the An
TILES and Of Middle and South America.
Columbus knew Porto Rico as a place
Of mystery, where religious rites Were OBJ
served. Herrera, one Of Columbus his
tOrians. mentions that a sailor from the
discoverer's ship reported seeing a man
on the island with a white tunic down TO
his knees and an old Indian reported a
cacique. or priest. who was clad like q
Catholic priests Of Spain. The history Of
the strange race which peopled the island
centuries ago IS all but a closed book
10 the scientists Of antiquities. and they
VIII enter upon their Investigations in
Porto Rico with the keeuest zest
The remarkable beauty and finish Of the
stone implements OF Porto Rico and 9TH
81 Of the Antilles Islands were not Y hol-
ly- unknown TO students Of American ar
chaeolOgy prior TO 1876.
Now and then small collections had
found their way 10 London. Copenhagen.
OF New York but they had never be
collected ia sufficient numbers for a cum
-parative study until the Latimer conec-
ton was presented 70 the Smithsonian
Institution This collection. the finest
known. has only served 10 increase the
interest Of archae0logists in the lrrehis-
tpric inha bitauts Of Porto Rico
The times., 1901-03-24

stone collars and the mammiform stones.
Some OF these collars are in a rude and
primitive state, indicating a stage OF
manufacture Others are highly polished
and beautifully decorated. They are right
and left shouldered as though to be used
In pairs.
The decorations or designs on these col
lars are placed only on one side. the
outside. They closely resemble a horse
collar. and were used, so Prof. otis L
Mason. one of the curatOrs of the Nation
al Museum ard an archaeologist OF inter
national reputation. thinks as regaila,
such as odd Fellows use when on parade
Professor Mason is enthusiastic over
the possibiiti-s $ for archaeological re
search in the practically uneXplored field
Of Porto Rico.
Porto Rico. said Prof. Mason, TO
Times reporter. lis a veritible paradise.
1t is destined TO be the ideal winter re-
sort for the rich. The island is mountain
Gus. the mountains having rounded tops,
few being headed The foot of one moun-
tain almost touches that of another. The
island is of volcanic origin. 1t seems TO
have been regarded as an ideal spot for
religious festivals by the prehistoric peo-
pies who lived on the adjacent islands
and coasts of the Northern, Middle, and
The times., 1901-03-24
ened birds.

A new era was now born. A change had
come demanding modification in the
animal form and habit. Most of the
forms Of animal life were adapted so
completely TO the conditions which pre-
vailed before the elevation of the earth S
surface that new adaptation was i'm
possible with them and they persisted and
became extinct. For a time, however
they remained confined in the pockets
formed by the mountains when they
arose. These pockets or valleys continued
damp and marshy but so limited IN
area, as compared 20 the pre-mountAln
period that the unadaptable animals per-
ished by the score. This fact explains
why so many fossil remains of prehis-
tcric animals are found in limited areas
and In large numbers.
of these prehistoric animals only three
have left descendants which are represent
Ell by living creatures today. These are
the tapir the rhiuoceros, and the horse
For some unknown reason they were en-
abled to adapt Themselves to the changed
conditions and thus were saved from 'ex-
tinction. or the three types the tapir
and rhinoceros remain but little changed
They live under conditions similar to
that which surrounded their origin.
They still haunt low marshy spots in
hot countries. Their bodies are adapted
to such an envis,onnent. The tapir has
changed the least, the rhinoceros slightly
more than the tapir,5 but the horse has
undergone such "a radical change as TO
mark him the one Creature possessing the
potentials necessary to survive. He was
the animal Noah whose ark of potentiai-
ty saved him when the flood of change
covered the earth and all living forms
perishcd.
Let him who bewails his dimlnutiEe
stature take heart and learn or the niue
four-toed horse, for ii was because OF ms
littIeness. in part that he was saved ana
was enable to surround himself with the
condition which would make hlm Dig be
ing a little animal his means OF prolec-
ton from the onslaughts OF his larger
neighbors was flight He must run away
from them. Speed then was what he most
needed When the earths surface was
flat and low he could not nope 10 Ilhu a
spot where he would not be found Dy ms
enemies. But when the Iahu aIose ne
found land condition ~heFe ne couiu
be practically undisturbed py lile H,dI9a- H,I.
dwelling Titans. To the Aisl'aIiua' nus
therefore. he went. But the chaIlSe @ @LIpin
moist yielding sell to nTm uilS teiu.iis Us
ground demanded a modification IN the
feet and legs of an animal whose iIIilps
had been nodded to suit the iorinef con-
ditions.
Vegetation was rot so rank an9 F
ab""d4n au the highlands