New-York tribune., 1901-09-28

scribners Sons.
When CulIoden put bloody period TO the
hopes of the Jacobites the people of Scotland
entered. not military necessity alone. upon
a new life. To the fond partisans of the Stuarts
IL may still seem an open question as TO whether
or not the hour had then struck for the emer-
genoe OF constitutional fabric out Of conditions
so chaotic as 10 imDeratively demand a com
plete change. To the dispassionate historian,
looking back over accomplished facts, the course
OF things wears the air of the inevitable Sif
Henry Craik may not explicitly confirm TINS
view of the matter. but the whole DRIFT OF ms
deeply interesting story testifes TO his tacit ac-
septance Of IT. Scotland could not have gone
on indefinitely subsisting the ideas which suf-
feed for the turbulent lords of the feudal times
for while they satisfied the social instincts of
the chief and the clan which he held sway
they kept both clan and chief in poverty Inc
.eturn of the Stuarts might have helped in some
ways TO bring about better conditions. yet III is
highly improbab BILE that they would have COM
muncated quite much of an impetus to the
development of the country needed 1t
is a significant fact that the enthusiasm of the
Jacobite was rooted far more in sentiment in
romahtic attachment. than in craftsmanship;
and there is certain clinching force in the
closing sentence of the following passage in Sir
Henry Craik's book:
The history of Scotland for the first half of
the eighteenth century is history of obstinate
rebellion. often, indeed. slumbering, but never
dead and now and then bursting out in open
war During all that period the fundamental
question of dynastic allegiance overwhelmed all
other interests. and gave its own color TO all
other divisions and disputes There We're many
important side issues involved, but they were
all for the time forced to appear as aspects OF
the one dominant struggle, and to rise and ran
with the fortunes of the side which espoused
them As years went on 1T became evident tnaI
an the strongest forces of the nation-its grow
,0ia al
irs essential prudence and Tnoderation-were
gradually cast into the scale of the party whlcn
supported the HanoVerian Settlement
The glamour of a romantic loyalty, he adds.
cannot blind US this last fact Loyalty sur
z-ired. There is a pathos in the spectacle pre-
scented by those long suffering lairds, who pa
riently swallowed the impertinences of the
French King who sought to benefit them only
in SO far as the act could benefit himself. They
submitted for the sake of a cherished ideal Yet
they were bound to be reconciled in the long
run to regime under which, as Sir Henry
Craik pointedly remarks. they We're bound to
thrive Dynastic arrangements suited TO their
tastes would have meant much; but economic
improvement meant more, for it was needed
more Our author quotes the story of High
land proprietor whose domain measured about
sixty by about forty miles. and contained two
million acres. which he offered to sell at three
pence an acre The man who received this Of
fer was naturally astonished but his astonish-
ment lessened when upon more careful cal
cuIation he found that the rental of f90o repre-
sented a sum of about e. 600 less than he in
terest of the sum for which the estate was Of
fered on the scale of eighty acres to the poundf'
Deriving this information from the same sound
authority, Burt, the English officer, who left a
careful record of his impressions. Sir Henry
Craik gives this picture of the country:
and repulsive surroundings was not of a kind 10
attract the LoYland traveller. On its first as
pect it little removed from that of the saw
age. The habitatons formed of peat and
moss supported by few unhewn branches 1t
rare 10 find any bed but one of fern or
heather and neither chimneys nor windows
were ordinary aDpurtenances of their abodes.
Cleanliness, either in person or in dwelling, was
utterly unk known and disease in its most deadly
and uncouth forms rife The poverty Tas
everywhere such TO bring the inhabitants 10
the very verge of famine-if. indeed, that is not
famine itself which gave neither to nor
beast the pittance necessary TO support life with
a semblance of health and ygor. Tillage Of the
soil. in any but the most primitive forms, was
unknown. and the cattle subSisted such
scanty forage might be found on the noun
tainside in summer. and in winter shared the
habitations and grew lean upon the diet Oi
starvation which was the lot of their owners
There opportunity encouragement tC
Industry, and bodies so insufficiently fed were
only likely to sink into lethargy 9nd half
inaninlate sloth Even among those who Were
more well to do fresh meat hardly used
rare and almost unknown luXury-for some
three or four months of the year.
Even where there was outward appearance
Of greater plenty il was not Of a kind that de-
noted wealth. comfort The chief main
tafned around his dwelling a numerous horde o.
dependent clansmen who owed TO him implicit
obedience but who looked to him for sustenance
The most meagre fare alternated with bouts O.
ostentatious and wasteful hospitality, the law!
OF which demanded A brutal excess The large
tai" following. of the chief did not imply
that he possessed wealth. could count or
any hat moderate rental, paid chiefly in kind.
Hanoverian times changed all this; not sud
denly. and with wise paternalism the par
Of the government-for as matter OF fact. tn
Kings ministers We're long in finding out thei
duty toward Scotland. and longer in doing it
Put through the healthier process of closer in
tercourse between the two peoples. Attend
ence at court gave the members of the uppe
class new opportunities and new influence; hes
of all, il gave them ideas; the rnassS
prohted by relations which became mor'
fruitful in practical ways. however much tn
srnouidering embers of political hatred inter
fered with the growth of mere friendliness. A
agriculture, industry and commerce drew fresl
life from a more settled system of government
The romantic dreams fostered so devotedIy III
70 the disastrous day of Culloden slowly re
ceded into the past, IL they did not altogethe
fade. Those who drank. in the company o
their boon companions. to the King tn
water quite aware that he likely t.
remain there, and would have been much per
piexed by his sudden temperance on thei
shores" Perplexed and. perhaps none too wei
pleased, and the reflection implies no suspicion
OF the loyalty in the hearts OF the once des
perate defenders of Quxotic cause. The in
stinct of national self-preservation n
work. They loved the king the water
bat they loved their land, and they could SCI
that for that land time of regeneration hat