davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1901-02-09
A z RAIEWAY.
the Four.Thousand-Mu, Road mat Runs
Through Siberia.

The Four-Thousand-MIls Road That Runs
Through Siberia.
The most interesting portion OF
Russia's great 4,O0O-mile railway is
the steam ferry across Lake Baikal in
central Siberia. The lake, says the
London Sphere, has an extent Of over
thirteen thousand square miles. and
Is more than twice as wide as the Eng
lish channel at Dover. In places 1t Is
as deep as $500 feet, and parts Of it
have eve been plumbed. It is sur
rounded by some Of the hardest noun
tains which a railway engineer could
encounter. The official plan of the
Transsiberian railway includes a rail-
way round the southern end Of the
lake, to connect the two lake shore
termini, but the enormous difficulty
and expense, which is an important
matter to Russia at the present time.
of constructing such a line conspire to
~indefpitely postpone its completion.
At present, therefore, the railway ia
broken in two by this huge Lake Bal
kal, the western shore terminus be-
ing at Baranshiki, and the eastern at
Misovaya To link the two ends, with
a steam ferry which would be able to
break through the ice which overs the
lake from the middle of December to
May was doubtless suggested by the
excellent work of the Yermak Ice
breaker in the Baltic. Sir William
Armstrong, Whitworth & Co., of New
castle, were the constructors Of the
Yermak, and to the order Of the Rus
sian government, they; constructed q
second and larger ic~e-breaker, which
was christened the Baikal. The parts
of the vessel were put together on the
shores of the lake by the firms en-
gineers. It Is curious that a railway
first suggested to the Russian govern.
ment by an E~nglishman should owe
its most vital part to an English firm.
The Baikal has three lines Of rails
laid upon her main deck to carry one
passenger and two goods trains across
the lake. The trains enter the ice
breaker at the bow, which is run up
against a pier. The rails are connect
ed and the trains run into the vessel.
With this load she will crush her way
through three feet Of ice at a speed Of
thirteen knots an hour. A screw at a
bow with a separate engine sucks away
the water from underneath the ice at
the bow, which. thus splits from its
own weight; the two stubby bladed
propellers at the stern at the same
time force the vessel through the bro
ken ice sheet. The actual track of the
Baikal measures thirty-nine miles.
There is a harbor and lighthouse at
the southwestern end of the lake, but
there Is no dock where the Baika]
could be repaired in cas- of need. AT
present, therefore, Russia's 4,000-mtle
railway is absolutely dependent for a
through journey on the reliability o.
a Br%itish-build railway ferry.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1901-02-09
Deafness Cannot Be Cured

by local applications. as they cannot reach the
diseased portion of the ear. There is only one
way to cure deafness; and that Is by consti-
infamed condition of the mucous lining Of the
Eustachian Tube. When this tube Is infamed
me- Ena and and wheni II is Entirely ttiiuliy Closed deafness is
the result, and unless the Inflammation can be
taken out and this tube restored to it's normal
condition. hearing will be destroyed forever;
which is nothing but an inflamed condition OF
the mucous surfaces.
We will give One Hundred Dollars for any case
Of Deafness Caused by catarrh) that cannot
be cured by Halls Catarrh Cure. Send for
'uH' IF FL CHENEY & CO., Toledo, O.
Sold by Druggists. 75c.
2 HALLS Family Pills are the best.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1901-02-09
unletterea Polifenrs..

He was q poor but honest working
man, on his way home in a Broadway
cal. As the a proceeded down town
It was Allied with passengers. and soon
the aisle was crowded, some swinging
on the straps. The laborer got UP from
his seat, touched his hat, and motioned
to a well-dressed lady to take 1t.
"Don't let me deprive you Of your
seat, my poor man." she said.
He touched his hat again, and re-
piled:
"Oh, take it; that's all right. No de-
pravity at all. woman, nc .%depravity at
ALL"
And he wondered why everybody
smiled.-Louisville Commercial.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1901-02-09
Necessary to Proper Counting.

"A Glasgow servant girl went home a
few evenings ago with her head
wrapped up in a shawl.
Her young mistress asked. her what
allied her, and was told that she was
suffering from a bad attack of tooth
ache, brought on by sitting in the park.
But you ought not to sit on such a
cold chilly night as this" said the mis-
tress. "You should walk at a smart
pace"
I The girl looked at her a minute. as
though plying her ignorance, and then
answered.:
"You Gamma coort right walking; you
must sit doon."-London Spare Mo-
ments.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1901-02-09
A poverty-stricken Crowd.

Visitor lat a poorhouse)-Where did
that ~fne-looking pauper come FROM? /.
Superintendent-The city. He owns
the st. Fashion Flats.
MY goodness! Why Is he here?"
"He charges such high rents that
they have been empty since the second
year."
Hun! He seems to be on familiar
footing with a good many of the other
,paupers.'
YES; they are the people who were
his tenants the first year.'-New York
Weekly.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1901-02-09
mo Pover of the Press.

II a common expression. but few realize
Its actual power. Great as is the fnfiu.
ence Of the press, 1t cannot begin to equal
the power OF Hostetter's Stomach Bitters
over disease. The Bitters strengthens
dyspepsia, indigestion and constipation.
It will tone up the nerves, stimulate In
active kidneys, and as an appetizer, 1t is
u%neQualed. II you want to get well. and
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1901-02-09
1t DeDends.

Wiggles-It must be In awful thing
to be deaf.
Jiggles-Oh, I don't know; does your
wife ask as many fool questions as my
wife?-Ohio State Journal.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1901-02-09
Her Comment.

IT notice that Prof. Dewar says that
If pure helium could be produced a
temperature reaching to within five
degrees of absolute zero might be eN-
p%ected."
That's funny. The name helium GER
tainly doesn't suggest cold at ALL
Cleveland Plain Dealer.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1901-02-09
Secure in His Record.

$50 We are going to marry Garrity's
wildly, ar yez?"
"Oi am"
"And fwat will yez dc twin she takes
to tellin' yez how much the better mon
her first mon was?"
"she won't. Didn't OF used to be
lickin' Garrity-God rest 'im-about
once a fortnight for tree years?"-In.
dianapolis Press.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1901-02-09

300 yearly to Christian Man or Woman ns
Manager of our growing business in your Home
County. Position permanent. Enclose self-ad-
Insurance Exchange Building, Minneapolis.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1901-02-09

TO CURE A COLD IN ONE DAY.
Take LAXATIVE BRoMo QUININE TABLETS. AL
druggists refund the money II it fails to cure.
+. w. Groves signature is on the box. Csc.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1901-02-09
Erect NJ naa He-

Eject Of Dad News.
Bacon-I understand q member Of the
Anti-Imperialist league had a bad
fainting spell the other day.
Egbert-Indeed?
Eyes. He heard his wife was about
to appear in an Empire gown"
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1901-02-09

Don.t drink too much water when cy-
Gins. Adams' Pepsin Tutu Eruta II An
excellent substitute. y
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1901-02-09

4 church bell has an empty head and
q long tongue, but It is discreet enough
4 o to speak until tolled. ESs
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1901-02-09

The odors of the dead letter office
are not caused by the exhibition Of bad
sense.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1901-02-09
He was Right.

. he W00 ktlBUts 1900 $50 81
Mr.. Newlywed-I actually believe you
like your pet poodle better than you do
Mrs. Observation-Disclosures. George.
You know I would do as much for you
as I would for the dog.-ohio, State
Journal.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1901-02-09

when the hair 10 thin and gray. PARxER's HAN
BALsAx renews the growth and color.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1901-02-09

We refund 1oc for every package Of
PUTNAM FADELEss DYES that fails
to give satisfaction. Monroe Drug Co,
Unionville. Mo.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1901-02-09

Ousht to Have Damares. W
simmons-He says he met his wife BY
accident.
Jimnnons-I hope he was carrying an
accident policy at the time.-smart
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1901-04-01
CHARLES wIrrER

Charles witter. the nominee for
school treasurer is a young business
man of most sterling qualities. Every
one in Guthrie kno1s Charley and
they know him to be honest. capable
and absolutely reliable. He Is not a
chronic Office seeker, and only at the
earnest request OF some Of the best
citizens OF Guthrie to allow his name
to be used did he consent to il. The
school treasurership is an important
position, and the election OF Mr.. wit
ter means the safety and security of
every dollar OF the school moneys.
The young men OF Guthrie should raj
ly to his support in solid phalanx.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1901-04-01
WHo Viii aE eovERNoR9

The speculation still grows apace as
to who sha.l or may. be governor. AS
an impartial witness to the contest,
without prejudice or sympathy, con.
trolled and influenced by neither
heart or conscience, as Indifferent and
stoical as an iceberg at Point Barrow
in December neither caring or hoping
standing entirely aloof and absolutely
free and untrammeled 20 express our
opinion, we honestly and fearlessly
with the possibilities of the future
spread out inyitingly before us. with
no strings reaching out anywhere or
in any direction 10 be snapped aaunder
in the moment of apparent victory,
declare upon our conscience that we
do not know who will be governor OF
Oklahoma after next May.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1901-04-01
vorE rAla ~ ToMoARoM.

VOTE THIS WAY TOMORROW.
Vote for E T.. Blincoe.
Vote for An Dewitt for city clerk.
Vote for Joseph WHISKY forc city at.
torney
Vote for Frank Hlndman for city
marshal
Vote for Frank olsmith FOR police
Judge.
Vote for NJ Collar for city treasurer
Vote for Chas Witter for school
treasurer.
Vote for w. D. Williamson for street
commissioner.
Then vote for these councilmen:
J. M. Brooks and j. r. Kerr in the
First ward.
Paul Newman in the Second ward.
II. ID. Bowden in the Thir ward.
VIII Blesh in the Fourth ware
J. w Snyder in the Fifth ward
And for the school board members
and vote for:
j Dolph in the First ward
Dan Morris in the Second ward.
T. NJ. Clark IN the Third ward.
J. o. severns in the Fourth ward.
Sam Warren In the Fifth ward
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1901-04-01
GUSHING ON lie SURVEYS.

Secretary Hitchcock says that every
effort possible Is being made TO per-
feet the plans for the opening Of the
kiowa and Comanche reservations in
August next TIE resurvey is being
pushed forward as rapidly as condi-
tions win admit and the land is being
surveyed and plated into quarter sec
tion lines, county lines, county seats
and school lands
Three thousand Indians will be al
lotted 100 acres each, besides the ra@-
ing lands which must be SET aside and
marked The whole reservation in
cludes $4,000 quarter sections.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1901-04-01
E. |. aLlNcoE lie Man.

Everyone comedies that the election
Of L. l.. Bllncoe as mayor Of Guthrie
would not be to her hurt Why not
elect him then? This is a big conces-
sion from those politically opposed to
Blincoe, and since they know what a
detriment to the city's progress ma
cnine politics has been in the past.
and freely admit IT, why not derail
politics for the once and elect Bin
coe?
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1901-04-01
MONDAY. APRIL /. 1901
DEMOCRATIC CITY TICKET.

For Mayor-E. l.. Blincoe.
For Clerk-Alfred S. Dewitt.
For Attorney--Jos. vi. Wisby.
For Marshal-Frenk Rindman.
For Police Judge-Frank Olsmith.
For Treasurer--M. Collar
For School Treasurer II Charles
Witter.
For Street Commissioner-W. d
Williamson.
For Aldermen.
First Ward T. Kerr and ]. NJ
Brooks.
Second Ward-Paul Newman.
Third Ward-H ID. Bowden.
Fourth Ward--will Blesh.
Fifth ward--J vi. Snyder,
For School Board.
First Ware-J Dolph.
Second Ward--Dan Morris.
Third ward-F. NJ. Clark.
Fourth WARD o. Severns.
Fifth Ward Sam Warren
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1901-04-01
oUTHRIE RAILRoAp pEpoT

Il was determined III Topeka last
week by the Santa Fe Railroad com
pany to commence at the earliest prac-
tical moment the erection OF the long
promised passenger depot at this city,
and orders were given to have the
plans and specifications for the struc-
ture prepared and the work to begin
without delay 1t is stated that the
depot win be equal TO that of any on
the system in the Southwest and on
a scale large enough TO meet the in
creasing demands OF the road
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1901-04-01
ANENIA

is little red in the blood.
The red in the blood is
the oxygen-carrier Better to
breath with half Of one lung
than not have enough red ia
the blood.
The blood IS full Of digestcd
food but it can't build muscle
and nerve and bone without
oxygen.
scotts emulsion tf cod-liver
oil puts red in the blood the
oyygcn-carrier ltis like build-
irg q railroad into 2 famine
country
Wc.Nund 3qa li.efo in. soeIle.
sCOIf boWNh, ~ re-ll sueet Nse Yort.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1901-04-01

Business men and tax payers should
no longer bow the knee to the mud
machine which runs Guthrie in the
interest of machine politics. 1t costs
entirely too much. Vote for the men
who will run the government in the
interest of Guthrie and the people and
not in the interest of the machine"
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1901-04-01

Flynn has succeeded in landing
John Oliphant and John Trotter as
register and receiver Of the Mangum
land office They succeed II. d. Nc
Knight and Jas. Kelly-Chandler
News
Yes. and It appears he landed some
thing else, if the words of Kelly who
was slid down the gang plank mean
ANYTHING.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1901-04-01

AS The Leader stated the other day
elect the ticket headed by E. /. Blin-
coe for mayor, and if at the end of
their terms they have done no better
than their predecessors, it will help
you turn them out.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1901-04-01
FRAUDULENT VOTING.

The friends Of the ticket headed by
~ l.. Blincoe should watch the polls
from the opening to the close in every
voting precinct in each ward. They
should have trusty men there to take
down every suspicious voters name
for future investigation.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1901-04-01

when men get so low down in the
scale Of moral obliquity as to resort
TO the assessment and collection Of
political tribute ia the shape of cam
paign funds from the members OF a
supposedly non-partisan fire depart
mcut. on threats OF being discharged
from their positions, It is quite timo
for the people to cali a halt and turn
the prcstitutors out.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1901-04-01

Leading Populists over the country
are discussing the question as to the
best policy for the Aparty to adopt.
Some insist that the only sensible
thing to do is to go into the Demo
cratic party, and others want TO 80 it
alone as Populists.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1901-04-01
LOW RATE EXCURSION
HOT SPRINGS, AK.
VIA
THE cHoCTAW ROUTE.

Travel over the New Line and visit
Americas greatest health and pleas
ure resort.
Tickets on sale March 18th, 1901
and good for return until March 18th
An extension to three weeks Will be
granted upon payment Of amount
equal to price Of ticket.
All particulars on application to any
agent c. o. & G. R. r., or
c. b. Hart General Western Agent
Oklahoma City, Okla.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1901-04-01

slxto Lopez has cabled Aguinaldo
TO ask leave to visit the United States,
and tell the people his side Of the
story Of the war. In part the cable
gram says II believe It is the wish
OF the American people to know the
truth about many things connected
with this war, as well as 70 obtain an
authoritative statement Of the atti-
tude of the Filiplnos toward American
soYerelgnty.n
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1901-04-01

Don't forget You tax payers and
business men. the dissraceful confes.
aions m the council chamber last week
Of the Gre chief that he was assessed
and paid SIS 20 keep the machine
ia power 80 he could hold on 70 his
job for II It was not for that purpose
wyatt was the Sl5 paid forg
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1901-04-01

Idle labor tomorrow have the op-
portunity 10 say whether Il shall re-
main idle Vote for the men who will
dispose machine politics and give
omployment % idle labor.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1901-04-01

The SHOWS OF last week greatly de-
layed traffic over the trunk lines IN
the North and Northwest and on many
Of the roads trains We're caught and
could not move until the snow was
removed.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1901-04-01

Il didn't take long for Mckinley to
recognize Elgland's ownership and
Sovereignty over the Transvaal. Il
was done IN a sort Of snap shot,
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1901-04-01

Is it true that the members Of the
fire department pay TO the chief month
~ assessments out of their salaries,
and If it is so, who gets it?
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1901-04-01

j. E. Ball Is a good man. everyone
win admit that but he is the candi-
date of the machine and in its hands
viii be as pliable as putty In addi-
ton to this he hasn't the hgst element
man the SORT Of man for mayor de-
manded by this crisis in Guthrie's his
tory.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1901-04-01

Tomorrow the best and pushing ele.
ment have the opportunity TO kick into
the gutter the machine politics which
has so long been curse 20 Guthrie
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1901-04-01

The old saying thas new broom
sweeps clean is true, and It is true also
that old as we'll as new brooms made
by the Guthrie Broom works sweep
clean AL the time and last much longer
than other manufacturers.
1856 times a year.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1901-04-01

A complete change In the control of
Guthrie city affairs would have most
nealthful and rejuvenating effect at
home and abroad Don't you think so,
tax payers and business men? Then
vote for the change Don't think one
way and vote the other. That Is
neither sensible or business like.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1901-04-01

Remember there was no reglstra-
tion Of voters and frauds win attempt
to vote stop them swear out war
rants and have them arrested.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1901-04-01

There Is no doubt Of the fact that
to continue the present regime of the
city is TO clog the wheels Of progress
aud increase your taxes.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1901-04-01

FUNSTON A sRloADlER GENERAL.
The president has h0nored General
Funston by making him brigadier
general In the regular army
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1901-04-01
BARRETT BROS, Cash Grocery. Phone
No 24 E Ok Goods delivered all parts City

Second ward Democrats should be
able to know what is going on in their
ward
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1901-04-01

Il is impossible fc= Kansas to be
without 4 sensation First, Carrie Ma
tlon. the smasIer Now it is Freder-
ick Funston What next?
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1901-04-01

DO the citizens Of Guthrie want a
fire department run Ia the interest OF
machine politics or do they want it
run IN the interest Of the people OF the
city and for the protection Of their
property According 10 the disgust.
ing disclosures at the last council
meeting the chief is running it IN the
exclusive interest of the machine.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1901-04-01

Mauiire y uc-a the actor. has
been co4aaed n tae Bellevue Insane
hospital. HIS son says his fathers
real name is Blye
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1901-04-01

General 10 Wheeler praises General
Funston and says he regards him as
a brave and itrepiJ general"
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1901-04-01

Is Fire Chief Gruber playing double
with some OF the chief candidates on
the Republican ticket?
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1901-04-01

r. +. Blincoe for mayor viii throw
new life into the business interest sp-
progress Of Guthrie.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1901-04-01

For Memphis and an points East and
Southeast take the Choctaw route.
Two daily fast trains, yestibuied, Pull.
man sleepers, free reclining chair cars,
gas lighted and steam heated.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1901-04-01

pOnuCnCC pTlVlIe. AuuTcss Dr. K v
Pierce, Buffalo. N. Y.
Before commenced 10 use your medicine I
was IN a bad condition lfor eight years) aud
four doctors treated me. - writes Mrs Bette
Askewi ~ carsburg Northampton Co., N. C.
"Tb.y, Of course, gave me At the time some re-
lief but 4 did not last long I was some days
IN my bed and some days ! dragged about the
house have used Eve bottles 81 DR. Piercc's
Medical Discovery, and four viais of the Pei
lets Now feel like new woman, aud want
the world 10 know A."
The action of the UFavorite Prescrip-
ton - is assisted by the use of pheasant
Pellets" when the bowels are irregular.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1901-04-01

The penalty for fraudulently voting
or attempting to vote win be en-.
forced
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1901-04-01

Vote the Blineoe ticket aud push on
the city.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1901-04-01

What is that report about the Sec
ond ward,
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1901-04-01

OF life a woman may find herself fading
snd failipG She doesn't understand N
She goes TO doctors, who treat her for
stis or for that. but she gets no better.
She growa frail and pale. She can Just
rdrag about the house, but has no
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1901-04-01

Stand BY The men on the ticket with
Blincoe.