The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1901-12-16
LESSON VII.

and pronouns, singular and plural, and u
few with verbs, infinitives and parti-
ciples.
(a) The following list contains the NEST
frequently used simple propositions ana
one at least of Their meanings:
AO, to; ante, before, in front of; bajn,
under; con, with; contra. against; de Of,
from; desde (rare, dende), FROM since:
durante, during; en-, ill., at, on; entire, be
tween, among; excepto except; hacia(0,
towards; hasta, to, as far as, till; meai-
anto, through, by means of; menos CD,
except, but; no obstante, notwithstand-
ing; para, for, to, in order to; por, by,
through. for; sacado (rare) deducting;
salvo. save, excepting; segun, according
to; sin, without; SO {rare), under, on;
sobre, on, upon, about; tras, after, be-
hind.
Examples Of the simple propositions in
use: Las ventarss dan al jardin, tie
windows open upon tie garden. Voy al
correo todcs los cias, I go to the post
office every day Busco al (see section iS)
muchacho. l seek the boy. Vengo de Ia
tienda, l come from the shop (store).
En- la ciudad J en- 81 campo, in the city
and in the country. No me acuerdo de
csc asunto, l don't remember that mat
ter. I'm biEete de ferrocarril, a railroad
ticket. Tn reloj de ORC. a gold watch.
Una cuchara de plata. a silver spoon.
Estaba entonces de embajador en- Madrid
Ell poeta Lowell, the poet Lowell was
then in Madrid as ambassador.
BESIDE AID Hasta, Desda la manyana
hasta la noche, from morning until night.
BESIDE Ell Prince haSta los COS mares,
from the PyreRnes to the two seas.
Por and Para. ELanyana por in many
ana tomorrow morning. Manyana por
la tarde, tomorrow afternoon, evening.
Extra por IL puerta Y sale por Ia VEN
bv the window. lie han despedido por
una falta muy leve, they have dismissed
him for very sEgAt fault. Fsta Erase
Sc traduce palabra por ralabra, this SEN
tence is translated word for word. fel.Se
aQ) este hombre por enteadido, / regard
this man as intelligent. LIE doy mi perro
por su escopeta, 1 give him my dog for
his gun. Aquel caballo es para mi hi o.
that horst is for my son. Amigo mic, no
estoy para reir, 1 am not inclined to
laugh. See below G6, g for por and para
with the infinitive.
Sobre. Ell sombrero estaO sobre la
CANA, the hat is on the bed. La carload
es sobre todas las virtudes, charity is
superior to all virtues Sobre ser pobre,
no quiere TRAFALGAR, besides being poor
he won't work.
Tras. Yo vengo tras clos, I come after
them. Viene ell verano tras la primavera,
summer comes after spring.
Oo> The compound propositions are
more numerous, though we can mention
here comparatively few. Most of them
are formed by combining aO and de
with adverbs or nouns, as the following
lists show:
Acerca de, about, concerning; ademas
de- beside; alrededor de. around; antes
de, before (of time); en- casa de, N the
house of; confornle ADD, according to;
delante de- before (of place.; frente ADD,
opposite, juntamente con, together with;
tocante AID, concerning.
OF a more complex kind, and contain
ing noun. instead OF an adverb, we
have the following:
A causa de, on account of; a eXcep-
cion de, with the exception of; 1uerza
de- by dint of; al cabo de, at the eX-
piration Of; a peSar de, or deSpecho de-
in spite of; al travesO de, across,
through; de aQ, of, at-each; en- lugar
de or en- veZ de, instead Of; mas auaQ),
de, beyond; por razon de, by reason of;
sin embargo de, Notwithstanding; en-
cuanto aO, with respect to; para con-
towards, to (of moral direction).
Co The proposition used most often
before the infinite are aQ, con, de, en-,
para, por, sin, and the compounds end
ing in de, etc.
Examples: Estudio por ser sabio. or
para ser sabio, l study for the sake OF
being learned, or in order to be learned
Sc come para vivir, no Sc vive para
conner, one eats to live, one does not live
to eat. Habla, solo(2) por hablar, he
talks merely for the sake of talking. Con
ser soldado, no manifesto mucho valor,
though he is a soldier with being
SOLDIER he does not show much courage
Els de deSear que no venga, 1T is to be
desired that he may not come. Sc
echaba ADJ reir he was beginning to
laugh Vuelve a venir he comes again
Che turns to Gomez Voy verlo, am
going to see it. Aprende ADJ leer
escribir 1 learn to read and write. Acabo
de llegar, 1 have just arrived q finish
to arrive).
(d)Prepositiens with the participles Oc-
casionally we meet en-. in, with the pres
ent participle, and with the past parti-
ciple antes, de, despuesO de, luego de,
meaning respectively before, after, as
soon as.
Examples: En- diciendo este, me quita
TODD, Gn) saying this, he took from me
everything. Antes de llegado ell tren or
antes de llegar ell tren, before the train
arrived, etc. DespuestO de recibida la
carta after receiving the letter, etc.
Luego de terrninada la ceremonial, as
soon as the ceremony was ended.
g.. Class OF the peculiar verbs. This
class numbers ffty-three verbs, all of
conf. III, with or for the stem
vowel.
Three stems are used: The unaccented
weak stem; the unaccented strong stem;
the accented stem. The latter diphthong
ICES or expands the vowel to lie and
to ue, as in class l (see section So. But
before an accented ending beginning with
a or the diphthongS lie and 10, the unac-
cented strong stem is used, The stem
vowel changing from e to i. or from
to u. The unaccented weak stem is the
general verb-stem as it appears In the
infinitive, etc.
AS models of class we take sentir, to
feel or regret The lenses are grouped
according to the stem that prevails. 9th
er verbs are represented by their prin-
cipal parts only.
1a) Conjugation of sentfr, to feel, etc..
conf III, class 2. Principal parts-Sentir
sintiendo sentido, siento, sentisO.
Present group faccented stem prevails).
Pres. Ind feel, etc. Siento, sientes,
siente, sentimos, sentisO, sienten.
Pres. Subj may feel, etc. Sienta.
sientas, sienta, sintamos, sintais, sientan
Imperative-Siente, sienta, sintamos,
sentid, sientan.
Impf Ind was feeling, etc. The ac-
cent on / throughout. Sentia, las, Ia
iamos, -iais. Ian.
Preterit group (unaccented strong stem
prevails).
Pres. Part-Feeling sintiendo.
Pres Ind felt, etc. SentiO, sentiste,
sintioQ, sentimos, sentisteis, sintieron.
1. Impf. Subj felt, or might feel
ETC. Sintiera, -ieras -iera -ieramos(3l,
-ierais -ieran.
3 Impf subj.-I felt, or might feel
etc. Sintiese, -ieses, -iese, -iesemos(3)
-ieseis, -iesen.
Fut Subj shall or may feel etc. SIN
there, -ieres, -iere. -ieremos(), -iereis,
-ieren.