davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1901-06-27
FLOOD VICTIMS, SO.
LATER ESTIMATE OF DEATH LOSS
NOT so FEARFUL.

Newspaper Correspondents Collect
Facts Regarding the Storm In West
Virginia and Describe the Scenes In
the Devastated District.
Bluefield, w. Va, June 26.-The sit.
uation in the Elkhorn valley is great.
ly improved today. although it marked
the first time that reporters We're able
to get into the area II the food dis
tricts. Many newspaper correspond.
ents went into the center of the dev.
astated districts and it was evil
dent that the facts were not eXagger-
ated so far as property loss is con-
cerned. From Ennis down, the loss
was the worst. Cars were wrenched
to pieces and piled UP in ruins. The
track for several hundred yards was
many demolished and many coke
ovens We're ruined. At Powhattan the
railroad suffered greatly.
At North Fork Junction the double
steel bridge was washed away and the
60-pound rails of both tracks were
snapped like threads. Thousands of
tons of driftwood, remnants of houses,
logs and trees were piled up. Many
of those drowned on the North Fork
are supposed to be buried in the
debris. The iron bridge between
North Fork and Keystone was under
mined and the rails bent like hairpins.
Five bodies lay with the coffin lids
washed away and exposed to the gaze
of the curious at this point. They had
been buried on the river bank, but
We're washed out.
The loss of life. it is now conserva-
lively estimated, will not exceed so.
keystone, town of 1000 inhabitants,
was torn to pieces. Thirty buildings
were deluged and greatly damaged.
The contents of many other houses
We're seriously damaged. The rail
road bed was washed out to depth of
25 feet. The loss at keystone was
immense. The huge drift west of the
town cannot be described. 1t had a
house with a tree driven into the door
on it's top. Many dead bodies are sup
posed to be confined in this immense
pile of debris.
At Shawnee, where the beautiful
homes OF the officers of the Shawnee
| Coal company We're located, with their
splendid lawns and tennis courts, the
river is now running. Vivian Yard is
q complete wreck.
Between Welch and Vivian all the
bridges are damaged and several Of
10 sy,y, ~
Superintendent j. B. Connors of the
Scotio division, with large force Of
men, is working at the extreme west
end of the flooded district and has
the track clear as far east as Prather.
Trainmaster Johnson, also of the
Scotio division, has large force of
men at work on this line The pas
senger train which was overtaken by
the flood at Vivian, from which so
many passengers made miraculous es-
capes, has been reached by the rescu-
ing party and will be brought to
this city today.
The Clinch valley division is open
and the first passenger train arrived
at Z p. m. yesterday. Trains brought
stories of damaged crops, destroyed
homes and loss of life. The drowned
Gil this division will not amount to
over Is, former reports being verified.
Hcn. William Jennings Bryan has
telegraphed the Y. NJ G. 4. that he
vii, deliver a lecture at Pocahontas
cn the night of July 2. the proceeds
to be given for the relief of the desti-
fnfe
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1901-06-27
TEXAS MAN HUNT ENDS.
Prisoner at Laredo Identified as
Gregorio Cortez.

Laredo, Tex, June 24.-Sheriffs
Avant and Kinsel and Deputy Sheriff
Choate, with several members of their
various posses, arrived here to iden-
tify the man captured by Captain Rog-
ers and R. P. K Merriam about 40
miles above here yesterday. Among
the men who arrived were two who
knew the prisoner. They both posi-
lively identified the prisoner and said
there is absolutely no doubt that he
is the man whom they have known all
these years as Gregorio Cortez, and
killed Sheriff Morris of Karnes county
and Sheriff Glover of Gonzales county.
The identification is complete and the
alleged murderer will be surrendered
to the officers from the interior
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1901-06-27
Boer Invasion Is Serious.

London, June 24.-Recent events in
Cape Colony seem to prove the Boer
invasion OF that country to be serious.
A letter to the Daily Mail. dated Cape
Town, June 5, confirms the pro-Boer
report and says the invaders number
anywhere from 1000 to 10000, that
they are swafming all over the east
ern and middle districts and getting
recruits and horses.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1901-06-27
Lone Wolf Denied Special Appeal.

Washington. June 26.-The court of
appeals yesterday denied the motion
of Lone Wolf and other Kiowa and
Comanche Indians for special ap-
peal from the decision o. Judge Brad
ley refusing an injunction against the
secretary of the interior and other Off
cials, to prevent the opening of the
Kiowa lands. The court held that
the case did not justify special ap-
peal
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1901-06-27
Cummjns Gets Marion county

Des Moines, June 21.-The Marion
county Republican convention yester-
day instructed for Cummins for gov
ernor by vote of 121 to 49, Keokuk
county elected delegation about even
~ divided between Cummins and anti
Cummins,
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1901-06-27
Massacre Of 300 Converts.

Victoria, b. c.. June 26.-The steam
er kakamara Maru arrived, bringing
news OF the massacre of over 800
French converts at Quelparl Korea.
The converts attacked meeting of
natives, wounding one and carrying
off six and then invading Saishifu.
The natives, when their forces were
larger, returned and massacred the en-
tire number.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1901-06-27
pennison,s Body Is Found.

Dubuque, Ia, June 26.-The mys-
terry surrounding the disappearance of
Leonard Dennison from the steamer
Lotus was cleared yesterday by the
finding of the body floating in the river
at Muscatine.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1901-06-27
Kansas City Live Stock.

Kansas City June Observation-Disclosures
5000 natives. 700 Texans 200 calves; ma.
tive and Texas fed steers steady to strong,
others steady: choice dressed beef steers.
So.45M59O: fair to good. Sj.1005. 40; stock.
ers and feeders. $3.5064.9O: western fed
steers S4.laN5.15: Texans and Indians.
Si.3oHlao: Texas grass steers. S3.GGI4 / o:
cows. $2.S503Oo: heifers. sa75m5. 40; can.
ners. S2,oo12.15; bulls. S3.35tl4. 50: calves.
S3.I5d5m. Hogs-Receipts 10000: 56lOc
higher; top $500: bulk Of sales, S5.95d
6.l5; heavy. S6.1oT6.oO: mixed packers,
S5.95@615; light. S5.sOmG.05: pigs. 5000
90. Sheep-Receipts. 5000; 2O63Oc high
er; western lambs. St50@5.15; western
wethers. S3.5OM4.5O: western yearlings.
S4,OO@4.TT:': ewes S3.5O0490: culs. $2.25d
800: Texas grass sheep, S3.5063.90: spring
lambs. S4.7Jtd5.2 %
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1901-06-27
rat Cattle BRING Sc.

Sioux City, June 25.-Sixty-three
head of fat cattle, averaging 1,424
pounds, brought Sc per 100 on the
Sioux City market yesterday, Armour
bidding them in. This is the highest
price paid on the Sioux City market
In ten years.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1901-06-27
Freioht Train Is peraiIed.

Denison, Ia, June 25.-Six cars of
special freight, west-bound, We're de-
rallied by the breaking of car wheel
between this place and Vail about 8
O'Clock last evening. Two hoboes
were killed in the wreck.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1901-06-27
CIVIL GOVERNMENT JULY q.
New System to Be Soon Established !

NeW system to Be Soon Established In
PhIlippInes-Judge Taft at Head.
Washington, June 21.-Civil govern
ment VIII be established in the Philip
pine islands on July 4. Judge William
II. TAFT will be designated as civil
governor. He will remain at the head
OF the Philippine commission, which
is to be continued. The order Great.
ing him civil governor will be issued
by the president through the secretary
of war.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1901-06-27
Senator Penrose Is Out.

Toledo, Ia, June Ex-senator E. G..
Penrose of this city has withdrawn
his name as candidate for lieutenant
governor before the Republican state
convention.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1901-06-27
MUST ANSWER TO GRAND JURY.
F. G. Thiele Held at ViIlisca Without

F. G. Thiele Held at ViIlisca Without
Bonds for the Killing of His Wife.
Red Oak, Ia, June 21.-F. G. Thiele,
who killed his wife on the streets of
Villisca last Friday by stabbing her
three times in the heart with knife,
was yesterday given preliminary
hearing before Justice Watson. At
torney r. w. Beeson assisted County
Attorney Greenlee in the examination
and c. e. and p w. Richards appeared
for the defendant Thiele was held to
the grand jury without bonds and was
taken back to Jail. 1t is said the de-
fense will be emotional insanity.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1901-06-27
low A HAPPENINGS.
" Prostrations at pubucu,

BY Dubuque, Ia, June 25.--Y Yesterday
was the hottest day SO far this season.
The mercury was 94 to 81 in the shade.
There were several prostrations.
Audubon County journal. (Exira, Iowa) 1884-1993, 1901-06-27
RLAckLIsTs THE DRuNkARDs

i Mayor of Waterloo Dcsignates Those
to Whom Liquor May Not Be Sold.
Waterloo, Ia, June 20.-The hand
ling of the liaaor question here has
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1901-08-31

licly expressed opinions on the con-
duct of the battle of Santiago while
serving as commandant at the Boston
navy yard shortly after the result OF
that engagement was known.
1t has been impossible for me to
avoid the visits and questions of repre-
sentatives of newspapers.
At the Boston station during the
Spanish-American war, the navy YARD
was seldom without newspaper report
ers.
The enthusiasm of the population In
praise and honor for the officers and
men engaged at Santiago lasted for
some time, until later when the trou-
bles commenced as to where the credit
and honors should go for the success
of this engagement.
II is no news to the navy to say that
where all do their duties, the first hon
ors for success go to the oHleer IN
chief command. Censure for failure
also belongs to him.
This newspaper cutting in question,
contains a statement in which IL Is
said that | made a comparison betweeh
Schley and Sampson, unfavorable to
Schley.
The word respected as used by the
reporter is seldom or ever employed by
navy men in comparing the qualities
possessed by officers, and | am sure
A,ould never have said this as he re-
norts. nor said mat Schley had the
reputation o. being nervous and not
headed in the naval academy.
One may say an officer stands higher
In his class. if true; another may stand
higher in scientific attainments, while
another be distinguished for eminent
diplomatic and social qualities while
all under discussion are of good stand
ing and proficient in their necessary
professional calling.
have no recollection of the gentle
man representing the Boston RECORD
and | do not approve Of his public
statement as mine. | cannot say that
have not discussed with %acquaint-
auces matters published ! n the newspa-
pers relating to our navy's success as
we'll as the unfortunate disputes so
widely commented on.
However. | wish to say to you person
allv three things, viz:
1st-To reassure you that l am not re-
sponsible for and did not give out such
an interview as is alleged In the dis-
patches from Boston, and as stated IN the
newsnapers to nave been mentioned by
Admiral schley in a recent letter to the
department.
end.-If. however, the department feels
that the cause of the navy and OF justice
will be better served by relieving me from
duty on the court of inquiry, l am entire
" ready to withdraw voluntarily, or TO
have the department relieve me upon its
own initiative.
sd.-1f, on the other hand. the depart
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1901-08-31
ON AN AMERICAN SHIP.
Pleasant Visit Made by n High
French military Authority.

PARIS. August S0.-The visit yes
terday OF Gen. Andre, the minister of
war. to the L. S. Training ship Hart
ford. which had put into LaRoeheile
TO witness the western army manoeu-
vres. was the occasion OF a little Fran
eo-American demonstration.
After an inspection of the cadets,
who were drawn up on deck. and being
shown over the vessel. General Andre
was entertained at luncheon. He ex-
pressed Keen satisfaction at being
aboard an American ship and said he
hoped the visit would contribute to the
tightening of the bonds of friendship
uniting the sailors OF the tive nations.
Commander John NJ. Hawley, OF the
Hartford. in response. thanked General
Andre for the honor of his unexpected
visit and promised to inform his gov
eminent OF Il. The ships band then
played the "Marseillaise" and "Ameri-
ca"
A banquet was given In the evening.
at which all the admirals and generals
were present, and to which the Ameri-
can officers wer. invited. Gen. Andre
sat with Admiral Menard. commanding
the Northern squadron, on his right
and Commander Hawlay on his left.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1901-08-31
A FEW TABLE NAPKINS
Caused George Klein to Murder His
Wtfc's Stcpmotbcr.

Caused George Klein to Murde His
Wifc's s~tcpmotncr.
BALTIMORE. August 30.-The con-
sideration Of a few table napkins was
the incentive for the murder to-day of
Mrs. Craloine Klein In her home 9l6
East avenue. this city. George Klein,
whose first wife was the murdered wo-
mans stepdaughter. committed the
deed. Klein had been OF bad terms
with the murdered woman since his
second marriage several months ago.
This afternoon he Wen to the East
venue house and began to abuse Mrs.
Klein for not sending him some nap
kins which belonged to him. A quar-
rel ensued during which Klein seized
the woman and pushed her against the
stairway. A daughter-in-law ran out
to summon assistance and during her
absence Klein threw the elder Klein
woman to the floor and kicked her re-
peatedly with his heavy brewers boots.
He then went to his W home, where
he was arrested shortly afterward.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1901-08-31
LIVES
Lost In the Delaware River Disaster.
Boiler Supposed 10 Have Been

bOiler upposeu 10 nave Deeh
Dry.
PHILADELPHIA, August 3o.-It is now
reasonably certain that at least rs per-
sons persisted as a result of the explosion
of one of the boilers of the steamer City
of Trenton on the Delaware river above
this city on Wednesday afternoon.
This conclusion is reached by police
authorities from the fact that seventeen
persons who are reported by their reia-
tives or friends to have been on the steam
er have not yet been found.
These missing persons, with eleven
bodies already recovered, make a total of
twenty-eight.
Ten persons are still In a serious condi-
ton as a result of the disaster, of whom
four are in a critical condition and may
die. The search for the victims has been
kept up necessarily since the explosion.
Two bodies were recovered from the river
to-day and were taken to the morgue.
Up to a late hour tonight they had not
been identified. Presuming that these two
bodies. along with the two others in the
morgue that are charred beyond recogni-
ton, are four Of the missing persons. this
would reduce the missing list to seven
teen.
The city and federal boiler inspectors
are rigfdly pursuing their Investigation,
but they cannot accomplish much until
the exploded boiler. which was blown
clear out of the vessel into the middle of
the river, has been recovered. The owners
of the vessel have consented to raise and
place 1t as the disposal of the authorities.
The theory that water let into the boiler
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1901-08-31
PERSONS KILLED
IN PENNSYLVANIA WRECK.
THREE OTHERS IN 4 ROCHESTER,
HOSPITAL WERE NOT EXPECT
ED To ARVIVE THE NIGHT.
THE REV. A. PARK BURGESS,
A FAMOUS ANTI-SALoON MAN.
AMONG THE VICTIMS OF THE
DISASTER.

NEWARK. n. Y, August S0.-The
wreck Of the south-bound passenger
train on the Sodus Bay division OF the
Pennsylvania railroad tNouthern Cen
trail last night. has resulted up to to-
night in the death OF eleven persons.
Following is a corrected list OF the
dead:
Rev. DIR. A. Park Burgess, Syracuse.
Mrs. A. Park Burgess, Syracuse.
Francis Burleigh. Newark. n. Y.
Mrs James w. Ford. Newark. n. Y.
Mrs. Anna Kane, Elmira.
William Meagher. Sodus Point.
Howard Tubbs, Elmira.
Mrs. l.. II. Hood. Seneca Falls,
Mrs. c. II. Bradley, Seneca Falls.
Mrs. Elizabeth Todd. Newark, N Y.
Mrs. c. G. Edwards. st. Paul.
The injured in this city are doing
well as can be expected.
Mrs. A. d. Burnham and Mrs. Will
liam lie Munyon, OF Port Gibson, and
Mrs. Rose Edwards, of Newark. are
very low.
The death OF Rev. A. Park Burgess.
OF Syracuse. occurred at the home OF
his son. w. C. Burgess. this afternoon.
He was widely known throughout Cen
trail New York as a great opponent OF
saloons. Mrs. C. G.. Edwards, of st,
Paul, Mimi. who was badly scalded
about the face and chest. died at the
Homeopathic hospital in Rochester to-
night. It is understood Mr.. Edwards
is on his way from st. Paul. Mrs. Ed
wards had been to Sodus Point and was
returning to Newark, whore she had
been visiting relatives this summer.
OF the remaining injured In the hos
pital in Rochester, it is feared three
cannot survive the night. They are
4. II. Bradley. Seneca Falls; Mrs. Il
A. Hare. Greenfield. Mass, and Mrs
Elizabeth White, Newark.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1901-08-31
OHIO RIVER RAILROAD
TO LOSE ITS IDENTITY
BECOMES MERELY 4 DIVISION OF
~ BALTIMORE ~ ouIo
SYSTEM.
GENERAL MANAGER POTTER
ASSUMES COMPLETE CONTROL.
GENERAL MANAGER HURT
GOES AuROAD.

Special to the Register.
PARkERsBURG. W. Va, August 30.
Announcements will be posted to-mor-
row stating that e.. l.. Potter, general
manager of the Baltimore 4 Ohio rail-
road. will be the general manager OF
the Ohio River railroad after to-mor-
row, and that u. f. Maroney. general
Manager of the Pittsburg division. Will
be the general superintendent of tho
Ohio River railroad after tomorrow.
This will mark the passing of the Ohio
River railroad into the hands of tho
b. Il O., and the loss of it's identity as
"A separate road, +. II. Blazer. rew
general superintendent, Will remain
with the road as division superintend-
ent, Col. George III. Moffett Will re-
main as associate counsel and superin-
tendent of real estate. II. z. Camden
will remain as chief counsel.
Vice President and General .aanager
Burt. who has been for some years In
the employ of the Standard Oil Com
pany. will sever his connection with
the Ohio River railroad tomorrow. He
will go abroad In a few weeks to rep
resent the Standard OIL Company IN
Europe and will return to Parkersburg
in the spring. .
The auditors Office will be CLOSED
here Tomorrow. and many OF the
clerks will leave tomorrow for Balti-
more.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1901-08-31
HON|SON HAS No DOUBT
WHERE CREDIT BELONGS.
SAYS ALL THE NAVY KNOWS
FIRST HoNoRs GO TO THE
COMMANDER IN CHIEF.
DOESN'T FATHER INTERVIEW
AND SAYS HE DID NOT MAKE COM
PARSONS BETWEEN sCHLEY
AND SAMPSON.

WASHINGTON. d. c., Aug, 30-Act-
ing Secretary Haekett has made public
a letter received from Admiral Howl
son dated Yonkers. n. Y, August 24th.
denying the authenticity of the inter
view attributed to him in which he is
made to comment adversely on Admir-
al. Schley. The acting Secretary has
therefore continued Admiral Howison
of a member of the Schley court of in
quiry. leaving the court itself to deter
mine any further question as to his
competency.
A copy OF Rear Admiral Howison's
letter has been sem to Rear Admiral
Schley. II is in part as follows:
Owing to my detail as a member of
the court of inquiry. ordered to meet
on September 18th next, find that in
many newspapers | am thought to be
Objectionable as a member OF this court
of inquiry. it being stated that | pub
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1901-08-31
AT THE crescent.

A~uaIramated Men Said to he nc
turning to Work-The Report De-
MED.
CLEVELAND, O., August 30.-The
local managers of the Crescent mills
of the American Tin Plate Company
claim that the assertions ron the
ranks of the Amalgamated strikers are
increasing daily. To-day, they ala, they
had 80 of their old m" employees
at work. The strikers say that only
about half of the 80 men h have
gone back to work were members OF
their union.
supt. Button, of che Crescent mills
said to-day hat the picking and an
healing mills would be started next
Monday. We are working about ninety
men in four mills of the hot mill de-
oartment, he said, and from now on
these mills are n%on-union. In a snort
time we will have the whole pant run
ming. cold mill and all.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1901-08-31
IN T r

ROME, August 30.-The Pope has
celebrated in Latin verse the Inaugural
ton yesterday on the summit of Mount
Capreo, near Carpineto. his birthplace,
OF a gigantic cross. The ceremony took
place in the presence of Monsignor
Tornielli, members of the Pecci family
and numerous spectators.
His Holiness has telegraphed to the
committee at Carpineto VOWS he had
formed that the symbol Of redemption
should be a guarantee of protection
and prosperity to his native land.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1901-08-31

PITTSBURG. Pa. August 3l.-A de-
cided change has come over affairs at
Duauesne. At Z O'Clock this morning
the day turn men in the open hearth
department of the Duquesne mill are
expected to stay out, and the night
men to go out on strike, adding $500
men to the strikers.
When the night turn went on at z
o'clock last evening a committee Of
open hearth men at once waited on the
foreman and told him that they, the
men, would not charge any heats after
s o'clock and If the officials Or fore
men did so they would act or their own
responsibility.
They proceeded with their work as
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1901-08-31
FOUND o BASS.

embc of Grover Cleveland Fish
Ing Party Arrested and Fined.
P~IrTSFIELD, Mass, August 30
The arraignment OF Cassius Scranton,
of New Marlboro, in the district court
to-day on a charge of fishing bass less
than eight inches in length, brought
out the announcement that deputy hsh
and game keepers had interrupted a
fishing party composed of ex-President
Grover Cleveland, DR.. Bryant, OF New
York. and Mr.. Scranton on Lake Gar
field. Wednesday. The deputies found
q sbort BAGS in the boat and upon be-
ing informed by Mr.. Scranton that ne
had taken it, he was summoned INTO
court to-day and fined 81. No com
plant was made against Mr.. Cleveland
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1901-08-31
CUT WILSON'S THROAT.
Devil Tom .B~InnIsenship Adds An
other to His List of crimes.

Devil Tom .BInnkenship Adds An
other to His List of
Special to the Register.
BLUEFIELD, w. Va, August 30.-A
bloody ARRAY occurred at Raven, a few
miles south of here, last night. VIM
son Wilson and Devil Tom Elanken-
ship, while drinking together, became
involved In a difficulty. Words led TO
blows and in an instant Blankenship
drew q dirk and slashed his opponent
right and left. One cash across Will
sons throat made the others unneces-
sary, and with a groan he fell to the
floor dead.
Bl%ankenship escaped and has not
been ~apprehended. The fact Is there Is
hardly anyone who dares to cross his
path. He is a desperate character n
his reputation as a bold, bad man has
been augmented by the fact tina every
where he boasts that 1t was he who
tied the hangman's knot and adjusted
the noose around the necks OF the hve
negroes who were lynched In Rich
lands, Virginia, in February, 1893.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1901-08-31
AT DUQUESNE.
Amalgamated Men Succeed In Gripping the
Big Plant They Have Been Working on so
Long.

usual. Shortly after s o'clock the mas
ter mechanic and labor foreman eharg-
ed four heats.
The officials Of the company. who
had FASTENED to the mill upon learning
the mems demand. went from n to
another Of the workmen and demanded
that they take up the work.
They were met with a positive refus-
al. One by one, the thirty-one men
who refused 10 work, were discharged
and escorted to the gates by a Police
man.
A complete tie-up Is now predicted
by the Amalgamated people within
f%orty-eight hours.
This afternoon an open air mass
meeting will be held to celebrate the
break in the ranks.