The sun., 1901-09-08

| he also appcafr to nhN~ s'' "s
society soma 81 .h. swkwsrdness due
10 his boyhood's isolation. AcOfding To
! himself. the greatest advantage whioh
he derived from his sojourn In france
was his having breathed for whole year
the free and genial atmosphere OF Con
tinental life He could not then, n he
remarks la his autobiography. have known
much Of English society. He did not KNOW
he says, it, .low moral tone. the absence
Of high feelings and -sneering depreciation
Of all demonstrations Of them. and u"
could not. consequently. perceive the con
trast with the French, who cultivate -eh-
timents elevated. by comparison at least
and who. 10y the habitual eNercis" "i the
feelings, encourage also cultur" OF uh"
understanding that descends TO the le--
educated classes still he was impressed
by French amiability and sociability. con
trasted with the English habit of acting
a. II everybody else was either an enemy
or a bore Mills appreciation OF French
courtesy fell In with n marked tendency OF
his thought Of course, at the age oi ~
h. had only laid the foundation OF an
acquaintance with France and frenchinen
which WAS 1, lrcoua closer ia Subsequent
wears He ultimately acquired cordial
sympathy with the French Liberals. grew
20 be throughly familiar with French pol
itic- and followed the later history OF MS
friends with interest and admiration IN
his early essays he constantly insists upon
the merits of French writer's. and laments
the scandalous ignoranc" OF their achieN-
ments prevalent in England. The French
philosophes of the eighteenth century
b..cam. his model lie himself thinks
that he pushed his zeal IN this direction
even TO excess and there l. no doubt that
some contemporary French writers es-
ercis..d an influence OF the highest impor-
tancc upon his views German he did not
learn until some time later. nor did he ever
become profound student Of German
literature and philosophy. France. on
the other hand. was kind of second country
20 him. and excited what may almost bo
called "A patriot' sentiment The fact
contributed for many years To make him
somewhat Of an alien in his native land
John Stuart Mill returned 10 England
In July. 1921 There he took up his old
studies. read Condillac. and a history Of
the French Revolution. about which. in
spite Of his previous stay In France. he
had known very little. Being Intended
ltf lilf bA iif INV NF'kaii w NANN'
law under John Austin. He set to work
upon Bentham and the reading Of Dumonts
Trditss d. Lfgisid,ion formed an epoch In
his life His botanical studies had fostered
Mills early taste for classification. already
awakened by his previous logical studies.
He was now delighted To find that human
actions might be classified as well ~ plants.
and, moreover. classified on the principle
of utility. that Is Ia say, by reference To
guiding rule for all known conduct. 'ttil-
ity- took i,s place As the keystone which
held together the detached and fragmen-
ary parts NJ his knowledge and beliefs
He had now a philosophy, and even. he
saws, in one Of the hest SENSES Of the word.
a religion. the inc,ilcatlon and diffusion OF
which could bc made the principal outward
PURPOSE of a life His religion was strictly
scientific. IL did not regard A. possible an
abrupt regeneration Of man. IL recognized
the necessity 81 slow elaboration, hut
offered a sufficiently wide vista Of CON
tinuous Improvement TO be promoted by
unremittins labor. At this time the boy
enlarged his philosophical reading, studied
Locke. Helvetius and Hartley. Berkeley
and Hume's -E~say-. besides Reid. Dugald
stewart and Browns e-Say upon Cause
and Effect The-e studic- were carried
on while he was reading his fathers -Anay-
sis Of the Human Mind in manuscript.
and no doubt discussing with his father
the points raised by the arguments. The
last book which he mentions in his auto
biography a. affecting his carly develop
ment is Philip Beauchamps treatise
t.inn the utility Of religion. the treatise In
which B-nii,sm's views upon the subject
were -st forth 10y Grote.
In 1872, being then 10, Mill began 10 com
pose 'argumentative' essays. and was
already beginning To take a position In
the Utiltarian circle John Austin was
his tutor. a. We have said. in Roman Law
with him and with Grote he held much
.sympathetic communion hut his first
ally among men whom he could feel To be
contemporaries. was Austin's younger
brother Charles He was, SAYS Mill,
the really influential mind among those
intellectual gladiators,- the young Cam
bridge orators John Mill visited Charles
Austin at Cambridge in 1872. and greatly
impressed the undergraduates by his CON
ycrsat ional power The elder Mill was
urged 10 send his son To Trinity College.
, Cambridge. hut. apparently. he feared
! ,o expose the youth to Anglican contagion.
John Mil himself long held the English
universities to he mere institutions for
! supporting the established creed, we
regard the system Of these institutions.
! he said in Isas. as administered for two
centuries past. with sentiments little short
Of utter abhorrence Meanwhile, he
| formed in the winter Of is22 II a little 80
! cieiy of his own. which he called the Ctili-
tartan Socie,y lie mentions among it's
members william Ey,on Tooke, son Of
/ Thomas Tooke. the economist; William
| Ellis. known for his etertion- in the direc-
ton of promoting the study of political
economy In schools. George John Graham.
af,erward an official in tho Bankrupt cy
! Court. and Graham's special friend. John
Arthur Roe5uck. who was to he one
! Of the most thorough going Radicals Of
! the following period, though in the end
he hecame Tory With these youths
all apparently John Mills seniors by a
few wears. he discussed the principles Of
the sect. and became, a. he says. "A sort
| OF leader