The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1901-12-02
AN INTRODUCTION TO spANIsr
LESSON ".
The Relative Frcnoun.

S. The following table shows the
English equivalents, the kind of ante,
cedent whether person or thing) being
distinguished in most cases.
(a) PronounS used of persons only
Sing, mase. and fem, que, quien; plural,
masc. and fem, que, quenes; who, that.
Sing, masc. and fem, de quien; plural,
masc. and fem, de quienes; of whom,
whose. Sing, maSc. and fem, a qulen;
plural, masc. and fem, quenes; to
whom. Sing, masc. and fem, que or a
quien; plural, masc. and fem. que or
quienes; whom, that.
CD Pronouns used of persons and things
Sing, masc., ell cual plural masc., los
cuales; who, that which Sing, masc.,
del cual; plural, masc., de los cuales;
whose, of whom, of which Sing, masc,,
al cual; plural, masc., los cuales; to
whom, to which. Sing, masc., ell cuai or
al cual; plural, masc., los cuales, a los
cuales; whom, that, which. Sing, fem,
la cual; plural, fem, las cuales; who,
that, which. Sing, fem, de la cual; plu
raj, fem, de las cuales; who, of whom,
of which. Sing, fem, la cual; plural.
fem, las cuales; to whom, to which.
Sing, fem, la cual, la cual; plural,
fem, las cuales, las cuales; whom, that,
which.
Co The neuter, 10 cual, that which,
which, which fact, ETC., is found only IN
the singular and refers to something very
general. thought or statement. Elk
ample: Lo cual acepta, which thing ne
accepts: hecho 10 cual, which being done
cd Pronouns used of persons anu
things-Sing masc., ell que; sing, fem,
la que; plural, masc, los que; plural
fem, las que; who, which, that. Sing
nlasc. del que; sing, fem, de la que;
plural, masc, de los que; plural, fem.'
de las que; whose, of whom, OF Whlch.
Sing, masc, al que; sing, fem, Ia
que; plural, masc., los que; plural
fem, a las que; to whom, TO WHICH
Sing, masc., al que, ell que; sing, lein.'
la que, la que; plural, masc.. los que
los que; plural, fem, las que las qoe
whom, that, which.
(el The neuter 10 que Gnuch more fre-
ouent than 10 cuaD, that which, what'
which fact, etc. employs 10 in the sense
of demonstrative (see section 46, a.,
but in ell que, la que, la que, etc. as
treated above, both parts often form one
relative unit. The two uses need to ne
distinguished in many cases Examples
-el fue ell que Cor quien) escapoQ) oe Id
carcel he was the one who escaped from
tho n,ison. Tn incidente con ell que no
habia contado, an incident on which he
had not counted. o,
IT The relative words so far treateo
are pronouns, except ell cual, etc. wi M
sometimes appear as an adjective. ihey
agree with the antecedent IN genoer anu
number. They vary in form except quel
TO distinguish number, and Except aulen)
gender also They serve in all the usual
moun-constructlonS.
Ia The simplest and most frequent Iela-
tive pronoun, que (Which must not NC
COMPOUNDED with the conjunction que,
that is used in all construcuons VI
things. It is used of persons only as sun
iect and object, but never OF persons altei
prenositions. Isxamples--el libro que estaD
cerca de ", the book which IS near you,
Ia huelga de que Sc habla, the strike OF
which people Cthey) talk; la casa que veo,
the house (Which see; dos n1nyos que
iugaban en- la Gale, two boys who were
n1ayins in the street; ell muchacho cue
Cor a ouien) busco, the boy (whom)
seek: en- ell estado en- que Sc hallan las
cosas in the condition in which Things
are, or as things stand
7 Cb) In less simple sentences ana Always
of persons we find quien, which may De
replaced as subject or object twlthout
q preposition) by que. 1t IS oIteh le
nlaced in any construction by el cual'
atc which is more formal and free from
onhie1,itv. since it denotes the gender
of tic antecedent. Another substitute
for ouien is ell que, etc, which is also
free from ambiguity. Note that, Whlie
ouien is used of persons only, the others
1n1ne. al cual and ell que) refer to persons
and things. Example-na llegado un sol
6ado Ell cual Cor ell que) me ha entregaao
ma carta a soldier has arrived VINO
has delivered to me letter; encontre(p
q mos muchachos los cuales (qulenes OF
oue) me han hablado, l met some boys
who have spoken to me; el MILO de Id
senvora a la cual busco, the son OF the
lady (wnom) 1 seek.
5S There is one relative ao1ectlVe-
cuyo. cuya, cuyos, cuyas, meaning whose,
Of which. 1t always agrees with the
ua,son or thing possessed, not with the
possessor Example-la mucnacna Guy
padre estaba enfermo, the girl whose la-
ther was i'll; por cuya causa, 1or whose
coIse. va SOW ell extrangero cuyoS llDroS
Sc yepden ahora, / am the stranger whose
hooks are now being sold; es Ell redactof
c1yo periodico(3) v. estaO leyendo, IL
ia the editor whose paper you are redu-
ing. o,o+,,,a ox
n,essions-he who, the one who or Wnlcn,
etc. see sections 46, a, and 3d. G, q, e.
Note besides the following example,
an1:elIos con Quienes anda those WIN
whom he goes; aquel a quien estoy pus-
condo the one whom l am seeking; quI;h
noc0 tiene POGO teme, he VINO mas litIie
fears little; quien mucho hapla mucuo
verra he who speaks much errs mucc
A. the last two examples show, qu1an
cnrtains antecedent and relative and is