davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1901-05-24
che Settlers Wln..
Judge Sanborn, Of the L. S
Court Of Appeals, Reverses
Judge Lochren
EN- ELY LAKE LAND CASES.

After several years of expensive
litigation the famous Cedar Island
or: more" commonly known,, Ely
lake land case, involving about loco
acres of valuable lands, has at last
been decided in favor of the. home
stead settlers, Judge Sanborn, ,of the
United States Court of Appeals, sit
ting at St. Paul, on Monday hand
ing down his decision in the case,
which in effect confirms the settlers
titles, the decision being a: direct
reversal of the decision of Judge
Lochren, of the United. States dis
trict court, render about a year
ago, says the News Tribune.
The case was entitled p. H.. Kir-
wan, as surveyor general, repre-
senting the settlers, VS.. J. Murphy,
who claimed to be one of the own
ers of the disputed tract. Lhe point
in the case was peculiar one. It
appears that when Cedar Island, or
Ely lake, was surveyed, it was done
in very slipshod manner, the lake
being made to show on the official
government plat as about a half
mile larger all around than it really
was, leaving about one thousand
acres of land where officially there
was nothing but water.
AS soon as the plat was thrown
open to settlement nearly all the
land around the lake was secured
by Murphy & Dorr, two wealthy
Michigan lumbermen, who in turn
sold the timber on it to the Cloquet
aad Northern Lumber companies.
According to the plat they were en-
titled to all the land to the waters
edge. In the meantime, however, a
number of other men had discover
ed that the lake was smaller than
shown on the government plat, and
they settled on that portion between
y y r. - q.
4 1der line inade ,by the government
surveyor, and asserted their righ,
to this land when the tract was
thrown open. The men who had
purchased the land and timber tc
the waters edge according to plat
contested this claim, contendine
that they were entitled to everything
to the water line, and that if the
government surveyors had made
an error it could not be recttfed.
Mr.. Kirwan, who was surveyor
general of the Minnesota district a
that time, opposed this view ant
endeavored to re.survey the land
which would have the effect of Civ
ing the settlers title to their home
steads, but Murphy & Dorr and thu
lumber companies objected ant
suits were commenced, which have
been in the courts for several years
While the justice of the settlers
claims can scarce be questioned b,
any honorable, fair-minded man, i
is not improbable that the case ma
be carried to the United States su
preme court by the losing side.
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1901-05-24

,foi he head Of the lakes IS being
done and shippers have secured op-
stions on come boats at 40 cents.
Charters, ore-Pickands, Marquette
to Ohio, 20; Eifin- Mere, Ashland to
Ohio, so. Coal-Roby, Sauber, Ohio
to Portage, 60; Gogebic, Biwahik,
Toledo to Duluth, 40 cents.
The Virginia enterprise. [volume] (Virginia, St. Louis County, Minn.) 1893-19??, 1901-05-24
1pNTHdCT FOR TONNAGE.


ThU. S. Steel corporation Mon
day ssntracted for season tonnage
to nRHe about 100000 tons of iron
ore. he charters were made on a
basiAf 80 cents from the head of
Lakenperior. About half OF the
milll tons will be carried in ships
of tMGilchrist fleet.
Thstrust managers offered vessel
men cents for season charters
runnaag up to October which is a
fortn3Hht earlier than the other Of
fers, d vesselmen do not appear
to be fry sanguine over fall rates
and kferred to tie their boats up
to th Hose of navigation.
We little chartering has been
dond + the short term. Wild car
goes Y plentiful at the head of
Lake Rperior, but Escanaba ship
pers - unable to take care Of the
boat fered. Coal rates remain
E00&S ~
New-York tribune., 1901-01-06

development of the machine mechanically as wei
with great energy and persistence.
. Inc old No Remington had one serious defect
II wrote In capitals only The first notable sten (,
advance was made when the No. 2 model OF ths
inventors had succeeded in making the mschi1s
write capitals and small letters also. and that
complicating the machine. From this dated a new
tunities One hundred thousand Of the No Be1,
lngtons found ready sale in the Of the year
stopped and in due course Of time the No r56 nSssr
which was first placed upon the market in 1854 az.
The great success Of the No. ? model and the
time spread 10 foreign lands and trade beSs1
WiliGn i mas develoRed 70 important proportions. a
prepared and the manufacturers foIio1s 7 49, STs
campaign OF education across the seas unpI nj O5 ~
Remington typewriter was made familiar to an the
nations of the earth. This finally REQUIRED tEs
adaptation of machines to many EuroDes1 Ian
suases which has been successfully accomplished
French, German. Spanish. Italian. Portusuese
rian. Polish. Russian. SeTvian Greek as we'll s.
combinations OF several Of them tOgether TSe
write any European language which employs ths
Ronan character Many other strange and Un-
for among them recent order for a machine 10
able cacophonOUs cIick-a-ty-cIacI dialects Of on q
he tribes @ OF North American Indians located IN
AS AS may De expected, the development of this
lnqustry. 1q IRON an lneonsiderable corner Of the
old gun works at lion, y. Y. to a great factory OF
ground
employing one thousand skilled men, is the record
or tne remington typewriter industry. This great
plant Is equipped with an abundance of cOnlpli-
Gated machinery, much of it specially devised for
tne work IN hand. and not be found arvwheTs
else. Even the processes employed and the very
materials themselves the outcome OF the skill
cOncentrated there. The for perfection in
every feature extends even 10 the preparation Of
special alloys for certain parts Of the machine In
one OF these largely employed in the working parts
or the machine, the strength and stiffness OF steel
with the good working qualities of brass with
some Of the Hghtness of aluminium. are skflfuIlv
blended This material cannot be duplicated else
where. as the secret belongs the Remington fac
tory exclusively.
No surer more unfailng test of the merits or
0efner1ts OF RemingtOns compared with other
typewriterS, can be imagined than the general
verdict OF the great army OF workers who earn
their bread by using them, 10 whom a good ma
chine may mean butter their bread, while a moor
machine would leave even cry crust in doubt
Take for example. the EredOminauce OF the
Remington in the principal cities OF the United
New-York tribune., 1901-01-06

chine the characters upon dies arranced I'm
pairs IN circle and swinging TO a common centre
iiuch as IN q common typewriter. After this pa
tents We're issued in 1885, 1859 1860 and so on up 10
suits or furthered the advance OF the typewriting
machine -
This long list of faiIures disappointments and
IcNeraes brings tne story of the typewriter up
H. During the winter of S66-'ST two friends a.
Latham Sholes and Samuel W. Soule, were engaged
In the city OF Milwaukee i'm perfectine n rnachine
ior numbering the pages OF books which they had
lnVented AT the suggestion of a third person. also
an inventor. one Carlos Glidden they turned aside
from this work to experiment with the producfion
oi writing machine, associating Mr. Glitlden with
them i'm the enterprise VIZ"
Az that time they We're not aware that ANYTHING
OF TINS sort had ever been attempted before some
machine when they were spurred TO renewed
EFFORTS by a newspaper article describing the ar
tempt or another inventor in London produce n
hiacine Tor the same purpose. Some editorial com
ments upon this article alluded the immense
Held OF usefulness for practical machine of this
character VA '1h7
The first crude model completed about SEN
tember, 1861 In 70 found some OF the salient
FEATURES which exist ~ the Remington typeWritcr
OF to-day. Glidden's chief share Tn the matter was
suggested the piyoted types in a circle wbil.
Sholes developed the letter spacing mechanisn,
The machine was success in far as in was
capable OF writing accurately with fair degree, of
long process of development followed Model sftsr
model was banged To pieces by the severe tests
made practical workers. stenoaraphers .anI
Others ~ whom they We're used TO tieterruinc fha
value OF the machine Soule and Gdden lost in
terest and finally dropped out of tho enternris ava
Others became associated with the principal Inycn
tor. Sholes, In the the Further ,levaIon
ilent OF the machine. Even the patience of Sholes
New-York tribune., 1901-01-06

himself exhausted by the constant exhth,.,
OF practical defects revealed by the of each s
ceedfng model His associates insisted hoysvs.
tlar machine to be Of real value must be SO a.
signed and constructed that anybody could use :,
With this purpose in view. successful effor. ~,
made early IN 1913 70 interest the great gun ma
facturers- e. Remington & Sons. Iiion. n ~,
the manufacture OF the machine In spite Of All -
ingenuity and money that had already been snsr, ~
upon 1t. the machine still showed many faults En
over year che skilled mechanics OF the Rsmng,ow ~
about the middle OF the year 1874 the first raj.
practical writing machine known on the rrarksq -
the No. I Remington typewriter. was offered a.
sale. "A somewhat improved model was exhihg-ss
at the Centennial Exhibition in 1876 and arfrsr,si
much attention although but few sales W..
effected "enc
Thus began the history Of writing machines a.
industry. peculiarly American which was dsS5,,'!
70 work revolution little short of that eTarfs5s
the art of printing. the full effects of which W. Ca
scarcely gauge yet
For many years the history of the develoun,sr.
OF the writing machine is the history OF thz Ean,
Ihston typewriter. The machine naturally foos ~
name from the great factory where il was frs,
also as THE typewriter in the absence OF ssr
other machine for a similar purpose. These ysars
We're employed TO good purpose in perfecting Ths
lhdchhe ihe services of many skilled r!acha nic,
ana noted inventors enlisted TO remedy ~
acknowledged defects OF the machine. In the naao
uhie vigorous efforts 10 promote the sale OF fha
machine We're also made Progress was very SLOW
dt hrst Inc public We're more disposed to regara
4t as a curiosity than practical working ma
chlne Few believed IL capable Of general use Ir.
promoters had faith in its future and pushed th
New-York tribune., 1901-01-06
FROM SIX WEEKS TO SIX DAYS.
A CENTURY OF ALMOST INCREDIBLE AID
vANCEs IN OCEAN NAVIGATION
SAFETY, CERTAINTY SPEED
AND COMFORT ASSURED
TO TRAVELLERS
TO TRAVELLERS.

From an uncertain six weeks a certain six
days-frcm the sailing packet of a few hundred
tons to the express twin-screw steamer of 5000
tons-that is the achievement of the nineteenth
century in transatlantic voyages
In 1919. only about dozen years after Robert
Fulton had startled the world by sending his
steamboat ClermOnt from New-York to Albany in
thirty-two hours. little sidewheel steamer, the
Savannah, sailed from the port of that name an
adventurous voyage to Liverpool. and actually made
her destination in twenty-five days She in strict
fact composite ship such call
Hilary steamer. fully rugged with sails and ready to
take advantage of any favoring slant of wind,
While trusting TO her paddles to add to the speed
or TO propel her in adverse winds. Although
her performance marked epoch in the worlds
history. yet the recital of the measurements may
well provoke a smile in these days She was 100
feet In length and of 800 tons burden.
In 1870 one Cunard started the Britannia. pioneer
of fleet of four sister ships. 207 feet long. 35lk
broad, 22l5 Deep LISA tons burden, S1a knots sea
speed. Several other companies took up the busi-
ness some achieving success, some failure The
cessfu ones. adding ship after ship TO their fleets
and employing the highest engineering talent
Joined to unlimited capital scored new triumphs
with each addition their fleets.
Up 10 1870. thereabouts. sfdewheelers were the
accepted types of seagOing ships, but slowly the
light broke upon shipowners that this form Of ap-
New-York tribune., 1901-01-06
SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT.
LEADING FEATURES SUGGESTED
RATHER THAN ASSERTED

An attempt recount the social development
of the nineteenth century within the compass Of
this article would recall the prepOsterous de-
mand for a history of the world between the
courses of dinner. All that is possible is a
mere reference to some conspicuous features
and that rather by way of suggestion than as
sertion.
The first thing that TO the mind in ap-
preaching the subject is the luxury of the period
accompanying what preachers lay and clerical
are fond of describing the mad race for
wealth" But it is judicious at the outset to
distinguish between the luxurious spirit and the
appliances of luxury. The latter have multiplied
amazingly, through the application of human
ingenuity to the conquest of natural forces but
1t may at least be asked whether the former has
not existed much longer than century in de-
gree comparable with that manifested to-day.
There is considerable reason for supposing that
the more fortunately placed men and women of
preceding generations usually surrounded them
selves with as many of the good things of life
as they were able to obtain. The jewelry and
laces and silver transmitted from the last CEN
tury to this, and authentic records of acquisi-
tions which have perished been consumed
testify to a state of society which In
trinsically luxurious one so far as it could be-
New-York tribune., 1901-01-06

engines, which utilized the steam over and over
again. Ihese changes wrought another revolution,
ana IN the light of past experience can now
De FOUND bold enough TO set limit TO size. speed
power or comfort of the future transatlantic liner
Ihe marine engineer of twenty years ago would
nave nave SAID that our present ships were beyond the
Rather more than representative exponent Of
the leaps and bounds by which the ocean grey
100 feet long, of 300 tons burden to the Deutsch-
land OF 1900 6S61z feet long, of 5000 tons burden
with twin screw engines of 1000 horsepower and
an average speed of q knots. stands the Hamburg
modest statement this company, Established in
lSi7 is the oldest German line and the largest
ocean steamers, twenty-five of which large
new twin screw passenger steamers; this is a
larger number than any other line possesses"
Inc steamer Deutschland cited above the
gers sailing in her from New-York reach London
or Paris in six days Hamburg in days She
In size and power, but 10 afford to her passengers
luxures equal to those obtanable only in the most
magnificent homes and hotels. II addition the
grand dining saloon, ladies' parIU. and smoking
room, there is playroOm for children, and
on the promenade deck a grillroom. The state
rooms have been so arranged to meet the
ingenious appliance for their comfort has been
carefully thought out. There are staterooms de
luxe in suites, parlor. bedrooms and bathroom.
The best time made by this steamer. and the
fastest trip across the Atlantic, occupied days Z
hours and 80 minutes from New-York TO Plymouth
on course of 1852 miles. This is equal a cross
Queenstown.
The table by this line has long been celebrated
for It's exquisite neatness, excellent cooking and
the admirable quality and variety of the viands
ser forth TO the proper enjoyment OF these good
things the fact that all these ships fitted with
bise keels which greatly reduce the rolling motion.
Associated with the Deutschland in the weekly
express service are the magnificent twin screw feet
New-York tribune., 1901-01-06
HUNDRED MILE AN HOUR TRAINS.

DR.. Louis Bell in The Street Railway Journal
The sole vital question is the commercial one.
whether there is a sufficient demand for fifty
minute train from New-York TO Philadelphia a
ten hour train from New-York Chicago. TO
make II pay. Commercial Judgment IS the court
of last resort in these matters men do not build
roads 10 substantate theories OF engineering.
That there will be n demand for such rapid trans
pOTtation In the future seems highly probable
Railway speeds steadily creep up mile by mile. and
will continue to do. The first high speed electric
road has yet be built. but whenever It Is shown
that there is a probable demand for the kind OF
carrying out the project TO operative success.
What Will be the limiting speed 10 be reached II
Is impossible to say, but-for long time TO come II
viii be set by commercial rather than by engineer
ing. considerations. One hundred miles hour
WILL think, be regarded conservative speed
within the lifetime OF men now living How much
further the limit will be pushed knows
There seem, however. serious difficulties 20 meet
until that limit has been left far behind.
Whether the ultimate speed will be fixed by COM
mercial requirements only by the tensile strength
OF the whirling steel I'm the driving wheels. Is a
New-York tribune., 1901-01-06
MINERAL AND METAL OUTPUT.

"The Engineering and Mining Journal IN IT'S
issue OF January gives a summary OF the nliherd
and metal production of the United states io' 'is
year 1900 This summary has been complied from
advanced figures furnished by producers ana from
official sources, and gives complete statehie"' "
the gold production of the world for the year Jus'
closed The total value of the metals produced /"
the United States i'm 1900 s5O9 SO09s2, as COM
pared with si9s 1899 The value of the out
put of non-metac substances was s10S6sossi' as
against $685. SO5 in 1s99 The total value for the
two years. after allowing for Implications was re-
spectivey 81, ,157 .1621s2 and 81 o92So5si
The more important items of this production IN
metals were gold valued SIS 65S155; silver valued
at sS7Os5 24S 61556SO2 pounds of copper. valued AT
500 25l 7s1 tons of lead valued at s22O0oos
$50 tons of zinc valued S107S6 0 and last but
not least 1S.914596 tons OF pig iron. valued at
s2Ss 07s,7S7.
OF the non-metac products by far the most I'M
portant was coal of which the United States pro-
duced no less than 274,si7.779 tons-the greatest
quantity ever produced in one year by this or any
other country. In 1899 the United States was the
largest producer of coal in the world and this pre-
emincnce was increased in 1900.
Other important products of this class included
cement of which 17.S2 SOS barrels made; salt
copper sulphate. mineral paints, phosphate rock
New-York tribune., 1901-01-06

Auguste Victoria. Columbia and Furst Bismarck,
ranging from $500 TO 12, 500 tons.
The sailing day for this line is Thursday, and
passengers may count upon being In London or
ing Thursday, and in Hamburg day later
Not content with mastering the regular ocean
travel and commerce, the Hamburg American
Company each year carries out more and
more extended scale a series OF excursions In
either one of their many magnificent express
steamers IN the Prinzessin Victoria Luise.
gigantic steam yacht especially constructed to
their order for this work She is 450 feet long, A
feet beam and 30 feet deep.
The summer cruises have been to the North
winter cruises made to the principal Mediter-
ports, the Black Sea and the Orient
to the West Indies. In fact they follow Just the
routes that we'll informed gentleman would map
out were he taking party of friends on his own
yacht 10 the most interesting spots I'm the world.
Another and very successful cruise that made
last summer In the Prinzessin Luise starting from
Hamburg and then going around the world, TAX
ing in the Mediterranean ports, Greece, the Holy
Land, India, China, Japan and TO San Francisco.
careful management IS provided on these cruises
and for those suffering from brain fag. from pull
monary troubles, from ennui, those merely i'm
search OF pleasure, they have never been equalled
thority says: 1.-The Hambure-American Line the
greatest steamship combination In the world e.
owns lJi ocean steamers, aggreRating $50. .olS
tons, about 80 per cent more than the entire
tonnage of the United States registered in the
foreign trade
The magnitude OF such business is almost be-
yond conception, and yet perfectly is IL man
aged in all It's pettiest details that for comfort,
safety and speed IL fears no competitors. They
NAV do tomorrow what the Hamburg-Amercan
not be allowed 10 grow under the bottoms OF the
Hamburg American fleet
New-York tribune., 1901-01-06

industry. 80 ~
Steel pens. with occasional gold pens for those
VINO could afford and who fancied them, held com
piete sway for almost fifty years. Then for the
hrst time the typewriter began make itself felt
as practical substitute for the more labOriOus and
chine Is not a new The records OF the british
Patent Ofice show that January Z. INA. hum
grant.f 10 certain Henry Mill for a machine
intended 70 do writing. Ii is described a device
Tor the mpreSsing or trarscrbing of letters singy
or progressively, one after another, as In writing
so neat and exact as not to be distinguished from
print Nothing ever came OF il, however and
with the death OF Mill the secret. IL any existed
bossing on paper printed characters for the use
tne biind. Thts. too came 20 naUghu
the invention of William Austin Burr or De
trOit. who In 1s29 took a patent for IL AL
though working typewriter, il excecG,y.giN
crude IN design and rough in construction, Both
the patent record and the model We're DESTROYED
by fire i'm the Patent Office in 1896 Undoubtedly
10 Burt belongs the honor OF beiHg tee inventor
OF the first American typewriter.
Several other abOrtive attempts ia this direction
We're made. both In France ard England tEsre be-
ing an additional Incentive in the deIhar0 tor a
typewrittng machine for use In connection with the
telegraph Not until lsf5 Was a really complete
machine invented. In that year Charles Thurber
q resident OF Worcester, Mass, secured patent.
capable of fairly good work An interesting fact
shown in the model Is that the letter spacing was
chimes
At the Worlds Fair in London. in lss1 :, blind
frenchnan. Pierre Foucault. gained applause by
machine that printed, successfully. raised let
ters for the blind. In 1850 Oliver Eddy OF RaIti-
more secured a patent for machine sad 20 have
work, but exceedingly cumbrous and fntricate
Eddy died in poverty after years OF labor devoted
We're taken out. worthy OF mention here eN-
cept that Of "A. E. Beach. dated 1856 In this ma