davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1901-03-10
IN The CHURCHES
LARGE CLASSES F'oR CoNEIRAIA-
TIoN IN EPISCOPAL CHURCHES.
PREPARING EASTER MUSIC.
THE MUSIC ON THAT OCCASION THE
MOST ELABORATE OF THE YEAR

Rev. j. E Kirbye of Charleston, who
Was to Preach at the independent
Presbyterian Church Has POST
poned His vdsit-Rev. DIR. Finn of
Columbia VIII Preach There To-
day-Rev. vanDeventer to Begin a
Series of sermonS-Dr. Jordan to
Begin a Series of Sermons on
"Women"-Rev. Anthony to Ad-
dress the Y. NJ. C. A.
There has been little out OF the or
binary in church circles since the advent
of Lent. Services are being held. not
only on Sundays, but also during the week
in the Roman Catholic, Episcopal and
Lutheran Churches. In the Episcopal
Churches large classes are being pre-
pared for the rite OF confirmation, which
viii be conferred by Bishop c. X. Nelson
about Easter time.
The choirs of all the churches, too, are
busy with preparations for Easter Sun
day, when, always. the music is more
elaborate than on any other church festi-
val OF the year
Rev J. E Kirbye, pastor of the Cir
culaz Church of Charleston. was to preach
in the Independent Presbyterian Church
to-day, but at the last moment had to
postpone his trip TO Savannah because of
the death of a member of his congrega-
ton. 1t is likely that he VIII be heard
here later, however, as a return courtesy
TO DR.. Fair, who, a few weeks ago
preached the anniversary sermon Of the
Circular Church.
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1901-03-10

Instructions have been sent Qua by the
holy synod to every Russian Bishop to
insure the full effect of Count Tolstoi's
communication. The priests are for
hidden to offlciate at his obsequies, or to
solemnize requiem mass for the repose OF
his soul. The interment of the body in
consecrated ground is also prohibited.
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1901-03-10

The American Baptist Missionary Union,
the foreign organization of white Bap-
lists North, seems. financially, to be fall
ing farther behind than any other mis-
sionary society. 1t was only a few years
since that John d. Rockefeller and other
Baptists helped it out of debt. but last
year it fell behind, and it is now expected
that its Indebtedness next May will reach
the large total of $4,000. The Rev. DR.. E.
f. Marian, for many years editorial sec
rotary, has resigned 10 become part own
er of the Waterman, the Boston organ.
The senior secretary. the Rev. DR.. Henry
c. Mabie, who has been i'll from over
work, has returned to his desk. The cause
of the increase in Indebtedness is declared
to be an inability to curtail work, or even
to stop il from increasing, while the re-
ceipts do not grow.
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1901-03-10

The Rev. DR.. c. B. Galloway, Bishop
of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South
has been invited to preach the opening
sermon before the Methodist World Ecu
menical Conference, which is to assemble
in Wesley's Chapel, London, next Sep
TENDER. This is the third such confer
ence to be held. Among the topics of
general interest that are set for discus
sion are 1.-The Influence of Methodism in
the Promotion of International Peace"
us Methodism Retaining Its Spiritual VII
tality?' and THE Neglect OF Family Re-
ligion and Worship"
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1901-03-10

Religion was not taken up by the pro-
moters OF the Pan-American Exposition
at Buffalo as early as some other mat
tiers, but now that the subject is up,
rapid progress is being made. About thir-
ty different religious bodies, big and lit
tie, have planned to hold annual meet
ings during the time the exposition is
open. Part of them will hold their ses-
sions in the halls in the city and in
churches, but large tent is to be pro-
vided to be used by all such meetings in
so far as will not conflict with a regular
religious course which is to be given in
the tent. and which is to form one of
the features of the exposition. This tent,
one of the largest ever used for such
purposes, is to be made the center of
religious work having three phases, as
follows: Prayer meetings of the usual
sort and held at sunrise; teaching SER
vices, which will include lectures on Chris
tian education, Bible school work. Bible
study. etc, and vesper services. The
last named are to last for one hour, and
to be held Immediately before the cleo
trical exhibition, which is to form such
a prominent feature of the exposition at
night. The preacher at these vesper SER
vices will in every case be a divine of
national reputation.
A part of this religious effort will be a
committee whose special duty consists of
looking after the interests of visitors and
exhibitors from Cuba. Porto Rico, Next
co and the Philippines. Attendants who
can speak Spanish are to be provided, and
their work will be, not including Spanish
visitors to attend religious services, of
course, but social, hospitable and other
forms of welcome which the exposition
i. 1vaA 10 f-fA Ore
from Spanish-American countries.
Opinion is pretty widespread that there
will be no revision of the Westminster
confession by Presbyterians. This opinion
is based on the fact that little real inter-
est is manifested in the subject. Ten
years ago. when the topic was up before
and was side-tracked by the Briggs here
sy trial and the excitement attending the
same, so deep was the interest that Chi
cago St Louis, Pittsburg and many other
presbyteries were canvassed in the cleo
ton of commissioners to the general
assembly. Written appeals were made,
and tickets sent out inviting support on
| behalf of the opposing parties. Now moth
| ing of the sort obtains. And yet it is felt
| that some pressure must be brought in,
else existing conditions will not be
changed. The committee appointed by the
last general assembly to find out what
the denomination wants, has held its final
meeting. and will present majority and
perhaps minority reports at Philadelphia.
The May general assembly will act upon
the matter, submitting 1t to presbyteries
or rejecting it, and then the whole denom-
ination, through it's presbyteries, must
vote. So little interest is shown that the
predictions are many that nothing will
come of it all.
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1901-03-10

Services VIII be held o. the southsIde
Bsptist Church a. ~ o'clock =. M. ard az
q q. %. BY the pastor. Rev y. s. Eden
field. The euDoaY-Echool viii meet ~ $40
y. "a Prayer meeting viii be held on
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1901-03-10

The services at Grace Methodist Church
will be held at IL o'clock a. m. ana at
Sis D. m The pastor, Rev. osgood f.
Cook, will preach both morning and even
ing. The evening sermon will be pre-
coded by a song service.
The Sunday-school will meet at p. m,
the Epworth League on Tuesday at S15
p. m. and the prayer meeting Wednesday
at the same hour.
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1901-03-10
Episcopal.

At st. Johns Church, Rev Charles H.
Strong, rector; Rev. ]. Herbert Wood
ward. assistant. There will % morning
prayer and sermon at IL O'Clock a. m.
Sunday school at 4:30 p. m. and evening
prayer and sermon at 8 p. m. Services
will be held every afternoon in the week
at 4:30 p. m. Celebration of the Holy
Communion will take place Sunday morn
ing at o'clock.
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1901-03-10

Al the First Baptist Church there will
be public worship az II O'Clock a. M. ana
at D. m. conducted by Pastor John ID.
Jordan The subject at night will be
Women"
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1901-08-18
THE HoLLERITH, ELECTRIC TABULATING MACHINE.

So, II a card tells of a female under
eighteen years of age having a family
of children, the machine will throw out
the card for further investigation. In
constituencies of all sorts, anything
which would attract the attention of
an alert clerk or arouse suspicion and
call for verification, is Immediately de-
tected by the tabulator and is tempo
rarily rejected. Thus, If 1t is recorded
that the occupation of a man is mil
linery or that of a woman blacksmith
ing, or that a person has lived ten years
in the United States and can not speak
English, the cards are rejected for Veri-
fication. In some cases it is found that
mistake has been made in copying
the record, and in others the facts are
discovered to be true: and the cases
are put aside for classification by
themselves.
1t should be stated that, in detecting
and challenging these Inconsistencies,
the machine does not use it's own
judgment. Like a good clerk, it does
as it is told. The brains of the ma
chinese to speak-are at the back,
and the man who understands the
mechanism takes off the blackboard and
makes certain electrical connections.
He can so connect it that a card will
be received and counted which reads
,, that the citizen is naturalized, though a
resident of another country for only
four years. Sosit might be so connect
ed as to approve of cards which tell of
| sixteen years old mothers, men millin-
ers and female wheelwrightS. BY
making the electrical connections there
are established certain fixed ideas-if
| such an expression may be used of a
| machine-and the machine acts in ac-
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1901-08-18

divided into many different items of
information, each item being a unit
of that vast system of information
known as the census. The machine
which disposes of you is the Hollerith
Electrical Tabulator, and it performs
work which, in past years, has been
regarded as clerical in it's nature.
and which, without the machine, would
require hundreds of men and women,
working with eyes, hands-and brains.
1t does the work better, because more
accurately and rapidly. 1t might be
called a mechanical clerk.
In the first place it reads-not every
thing-but it reads, in its own way,
all the facts which the enumerators
have gathered about the population,
the property and industries of the
American domain. The facts come in
on sheets of paper, written out with
pen and pencil on certain lines. and in
certain columns. From these they are
transferred to cards, incidentally, In
the process of transfer the record on
the card is translated into language
which the machine can understand.
Instead of being inscribed with pen and
pencil marks Of certain shapes, the
card is punched in certain places.
When a record of a white person is
made hole is punched in the upper
left hand corner of the card; If the
person is a male, another hole is add
ed on the same line and a quarter of
an inch to the right; and so on for the
fifteen or twenty facts which are re-
corded on the card. This language 81
holes is understood by the machine to
which reference has been made. The
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1901-08-18

be necessary to "set" the apparatus
that is, to wire it up-for the combina-
ton of facts desired and dump the
cards into a hopper to be fed through
like corn in a mill. When this is ac-
complished the saving in time and ex-
pense and the increase in the volume
of labor which may be accomplished
will be enormous.
Herman Hollerith, the inventor of the
machine, had a curious experience in
his effort to perfect his invention by
adding a feed apparatus of the kind
mentioned. He worked on the problem
all last summer, incidentally spending
ten thousand dollars, and thought he
had accomplished his purpose. The
feed worked perfectly. He gave 1t all
kinds of tests: and still there was no
failure. The months went by and the
winter came, and with 1t came a test
upon which he had not counted. sta
tic electricity" undid all his labors
In the cold, dry air of winter there is
more electricity lying about loose than
in the warm, damp summer. Every one
has noticed 1t when combining the hair
OF walking on a brussels carpet. Eric
ton causes 1t to collect, and when II
collects on a mono conducting surface,
like paper, it causes an attraction be-
tween similar cards stuck together
The static electricity was too much for
the apparatus, and Inventor Hollerith
had to begin his task anew.
The great task of the census In past
years has been "digesting" the facts
received from the enumerators. The
schedules come in, literally by the mil
lion, and on each schedule are answers
to scores Of questions. The information
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1901-08-18
UNCLE HAS YOUR RECORD.
HOLES, WHICH ARE READ BY
A MACHINE.

This Mechanical Clerk Reads the
Holes as n Man Would Read Print,
Records the Information Thus De-
rived, Tnbulates 1t and Sums Up
the ResuItS--If There Is an Error
or Apparent Discrepancy. This Is
Promptly Noted, and the Card Is
Thrown out for Investigation.
How the Apparatus Does Its Won
derfuI Reckoning-An Improve
nent which Worked Beautifully
i'm the Summer, but Went Wrong
when winters Snnppy Cold Filled
the Air with Static Electricity.
Washington, Aug. 16.-Somewhere In
the Census Bureau of Washington. there
is a card punched full of scattered
holes; one of seventy-six million cards
similarly perforated; and that card
represents you, whoever you may be
that read this, while the holes are all
the information which your Uncle Sam
has collected about you through the
efforts of patient questioners, and filed
away for reference. In the course of
time you-as represented by this card
are fed into a wonderful machine,
which reads, writes, selects, counts,
checks errors and rejects inconsistent
cies; and when you come out you are
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1901-08-18

cordance with those ideas. Certain
groups of facts, when presented to the
machine in the form of perforations in
a card, permit the harmonious work.
ing of the machinery. The absence OF
an essential fact will mean the alb
sence, or displacement, of perfor-
alton in the card, and the result is
lack of hamony-a lack of approval
rejection.
While the details of this complicated
piece of mechanism would hardly be
understood by a person not having a
technical education, the principle is not
hard to comprehend. over the card,
when it is inserted in the machine, is
brush of needles. Each needle is adj
tusted to a light spring, so when the
point meets any resistance the needle
will give way and not puncture the
card. When the handle is depressed
all the needle points come down upon
the card and wherever there is a hole
punched they go through. Wherever
they go through a hole they extend in
to a cup of mercury and complete an
electrical connection. That is all there
is to it. When the. connection Is COM
pleted, an adding machine-on the
principle of the cash registers oper-
ated. The needles are the machines
eyes. They do, in a mechanical way,
what the human clerk does with the
eye. They pick out from the card
the facts desired; the electrical
connections are completed, and the adj
ding machines makes the tally. This is
repeated for every card put through
the machine. All the operator has to
do is to feed them in and pump the
handle up and down. In a short time,
it is predicted, even this part of the
operation (the pumping part) will be
performed by mechanism propelled by
electricity or steam. Then it will only
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1901-08-18

mechanical clerk reads the card so in
scribed, just as a human clerk would
read the tracings of pen and pencil.
These card records are handled as
intelligently by the Hollerith electric
tabulator las the machine is called as
] they could possibly be handled by men
| and women. The machine not only
reads what is recorded on the cards,
but it will do whatever may be ordered
in the way Of picking out and counting
persons of a certain description.
1t will read any set of facts from
the card records; it will keep
tally; and when the last card has been
examined by the apparatus it will
have the total added up, and showing
on the figures of a dial. 1t viii do
more. 1t will add up thirty-two col
umns simultaneously-each column
representing a different fact, or combi-
nation of facts-in one column. it may
be, summing up all the male inhabi
tants of the country; in another count
ing all the males who happen to be
white; in third finding out how many
white males are married; and so on
through their age, nativity, occupation,
and all the rest. Thus the machine
reads, selects. counts and writes-that
is, records with figures on dial.
But it does even more. The machine
VIII re1uSe TO DelleVe Wnat appears on
it's face to be inconsistent. A card
which seems to bear an erroneous rec
ord will be thrown out. The machine
refuses to count it. For example, IL
card is reached on which it is recorded
that a man has resided in the United
States less than five years and that he
is a naturalized citizen the machine
will reject it. The two facts are in
cohsistent-for to become a natural
lied citizen the person must have lived
in the United States five years or more.
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1901-08-18

is all there, but to get 1t QUITO count
all the separate items, and then to
combine all the items In all the diff
ferent ways and to count all these com
binations-has presented a task OF her
culean proportions. This is what is now
done by machinery. The force at work
in Washington, the hundreds of
'punchers," as they are called, nave
really learned a new language. For all
the information which has been gath
cred by the census takers there are
arbitrary symbols; each fact may be
expressed by figures or letters. The
puncher has a card on which are fig
uTes and symbols in different columns,
and the clerk will instantaneously
translate the information on the
schedule into the figure language and
punch out those figures in the card.
Thus, No. 354 punched in a card means
that the farm represented by the card
grows gooseberries, that the quantity
of gooseberries has been reported in
denominations of quarts. Certain other
figures added indicate the number of
quarts.
Every person is represented by a
card. Therefore, there are 76,303, 1897
cards representing people; each con-
tains all the government wants to
know about that particular individual.
linen every farm III the OHlleu OldlSS
is represented by a card, which con-
tains, in the hole symbols, the COM
plete story of the farm-its value, its
area, whether owned or rented, the
value of the products fed to stock, the
amount paid to labor in working the
farm. There are something like seven
million of these cards. Then, for every
farm there are about twenty other
cards, each representing one of its
crops, and containing vast amount of
information as to its quantity, value
and manner of raising. So, altogether,
there are over two hundred million
cards, answering several billion ques-
tions.
Every time the cards are put
through the machines some new detail
Is brought to view; and when the
work has been completed the published
volumes will present a complete pic
ture of the numerical and industrial
condition of the country.
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1901-08-18

monies of San Ciriaco's christening
took place in the church of the Pan
American Filipino Colony.
There are about twenty-five other
youngsters in the Philippine village.
ranging in age from year and half
to twelve years. A peculiar old car
riage, a sort of two seated, two-wheel-
ed surrey, is the delight of these young
sters. Four or five of them pile upon
the rear seat and are driven about the
village and out into the street" The
little ones enjoying their ride never fail
to attract everyone within sight.
The Oriental colony has no such
young children within its gates as some
of the other foreign colonies, but even
there is a youngster of only six
months. It's name is most imposing
Ben Mohammet Soussouz. Its father
is an acrobat and its mother a dane
ing woman-Isha. With youngsters
that have passed the mark that divides
babyhood from childhood, however, the
Orient of the exposition is well sup
piled. There are forty of them rang
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1901-08-18

ing in age all the way from six months
to sixteen years. A school is maintain
ed in the Orient for their benefit. There
are Turks, Moors, Asyrians, Egyptians
and Armenians.
The denizens of Darkest Africa in
clude two children about six months
old. These youngsters seem to pay lit
tie attention to the war dances and
wild African chanting that goes on
when the dusky tribesmen are enter
tanning visitors after their own peculiar
fashion.
In fact, the children sleep in blankets
slung over the mothers back, not even
waking up when she Is doing a turn
after the forest fashion of carrying
their offspring-they pass a blanket
under the child and draw the ends
against the back instead Of upon the
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1901-08-18
EXPOSITION BABIES.
Many Mites ON the Midway of the
Pan-American.

Buffalo, Aug. 17.-"Have a looki Have
a look at the baby!" This enticing in
vitation was first sent out along the
Pan-American Exposition's popular
Midway through a megaphone. Since
the time it was first heard it has be-
come one of the best-known by-words
of the Street" There is something in
the word baby that always gets the
crowd, and babies in plenty are to be
found on the Midway.
The Infant Incubator is all babies,
but all the babies are not in the incu
bator. ALI the babies In the incubator
are human babies-doing well-but the
babies on the street" aren't all human
babies. There is the baby ostrich, the
baby kangaroo, the bay lion tiger, and
other babies galore.
The Indian Congress has been very
fortunate in this respect. The first
baby was born almost contemporaries
ously with the exposition itself. The
child became known to fame on
account of having been named by Vice
President Roosevelt. 1t was named
Pan Anna Etseeda. Little Pan Anna
is a Navajoe princess. Her parents
are very proud of the distinction of
having the first child born at the ex-
pOSlIlOH VI udNlllS HdQ HdIIlCO
by so distinguished a visitor.
But another Indian child has been
| born in the Congress-this time an
Apache. The child has not become as
famous as its predecessor and 1t miss
es getting its name in the paper be-
cause it hasn't yet been given name.
| The Apache baby slumbers peacefully
in the infant incubator where 1t was
| taken to save its life. 1t is a most re-
markable youngster in that 1t weighs
only two pounds two ounces at birth,
but with the care and scientific treat
ment of the incubator it will doubtless
gain weight and strength, and when
| it is returned to it's parents in the In
dian Congress, there will be appropri-
ate ceremonies in honor of the event.
Besides having these notable babies
the Indian Congress Is rich in pap
pooses of all ages, from those who are
strapped to board and slung across
| the mothers back, to little youngsters
who toddle about and shoot arrows into
the dark covering of the ghost-dance
hall. There is certain "acuteness" or
some other attractive quality about a
| pappoose that makes it and it's parents
the center of a curious circle when
ever they are discovered either in their
own stamping ground in the Congress
or making a little journey along the
Midway or other parts of the exposi-
ton.
Although the Filipinos are about the
last people to establish themselves In
the Pan-American colony, they have
The Savannah morning news. (Savannah, Ga.) 1900-current, 1901-08-18

already had one addition to their num-
Der since their arrival. The little on2
was born June 81, and is the daughter
of Mariana Tabeveno. The name of this
youngest Filipino at the exposition in
San Ciraco. In accordance with the
Philippine custom, when child Is
named, the calendar of the saints is
opened at random, and the first name
that the parental eye hits upon is chos-
en-. That is not the only name the baby
has, however. The middle name Is
Buchana. San Ciriaco Buchana Table
vena promises to be a most attractive
host as soon as sufficient days have
passed over the little ones head for u
10 be able to receive. The mother holds
n daily reception in the somewhat
restricted limits of the little house
where the baby was born, The cere-