davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-09-15

an additional tax on incomes. At present
there are about 1900 acres leased out in
that way, and it is the only way that and
can be secured. Since 1876 the Government
has not alienated any land in this island.
and at present there are little over 2ooo.0oo
acres owned by the Europeans and less
than half q million acres owned by the
Chinese" =
The conversation hero turned 10 law.
anese as compared to- the Filipino4 and T
told his Excellency that our people were :
telling the Filipinos they were our equals. +,
He replied:
TN that you are making q mistake. They
are not your equals. They are children and
you are doing as much wrong to tell them
that as you would IL you were to tell your
little boy that he Is as strong in body md
brain as yourself. The Filipinos will not
understand you and you will do yourself
and them a damage which will take years
to repair. We try to impress Dun SUPERIOR,
ity on the natives. They have been accus-
toned to look up to their chiefs and va
try to have them do the same to US Il
may be that they will so advance In time
that we can treat them differently. At
present they are as happy as any people OF
their kind anywhere. They do not suffer.
and travellers say they are the happiest and
most prosperous Of all the natives Of tho
far East" FRANK G. CARpENTrp
Copyright. 1901. by Frank q. Carpenter.
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-09-15

the cinchona bark. 1t merely takes toll for
its work. The bark is delivered in bales of
200 pounds each. These are carefully ana
lyzed by the Government chemists to find
the percentage of :quinine which each bale
contains. After this the planter gets a
check for the value of the bark less the
toll. and the bark is now thrown In with the
other bark In the warehouse I went with
Doctor Van Linge through the different
branches of the factory, watching the proc
ess Of reducing the bark to quinine. AS It
comes from the tree it looks not unlike or
binary bark. but when you taste 1t it is
like biting into a pill. Much Of 1t comes to
the factory in dust. and 1t is all reduced to
dust before 1t is carried into the mill.
The dust looks like cinnamon ground fine,
1t is reddish brown, but each brown grain
i~ncloses some OF the white atoms we know
as quinine. The process is to get the white
atoms out. This IS done by mixing the dust
with water and boiling 1t in mineral oils.
The boiling is done in great watts of steel,
in which a sort Of kerosene refuse Is put.
There are steam pipes running through the
watts which keep the oil Just at the boiling
point. or at almost 200 degrees Fahrenheit.
At this point the dust is dissolved. and the
quinine atoms separate from it and go
into the oil, being soaked up as water
soaks up salt. After twenty hours all the
Quinine has left tha dust and become a
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-09-15

and contains mountainous regions not I'M
like Preapger. If the Secretary of Agricul-
ture should establish an experimental GIN
chona. estate in the mountains near Fam
boanga or Davao, the matter could be
easily tested. and 1t might result in ex-
ports of enormous value.
At present something like 100000
pounds OF quinine are used in the world
every year. This is about 1900. ono, 400
grains. or enough to give every man. wom-
an n child three two-grain pills. an
amount which is manifestly not enough to
counteract the malaria, and the mosqui-
toes. An allowance OF one dozen pills per
person would quadruple the demand. re-
quiring a product Of $500 .oOO. 900 grains, or
enough to build up quinine fortunes in ev-
cry part of the Philippine Islands
MOSQUITOES AND MALARIA.
The scientists here are inclined to the be-
lief now current at home that the mosque
toes communicate malaria. They tell me
certain kinds Of mosquitoes are full of ma
Iarial parasites. germs so small that It
takes a billion Of them to give a man a bad
case Of fever. and a quarter Of a billion to
produce a chill. These parasites breed so
rapidly. however. that a few hours, or at
most n few days, after being bitten by the
mosquitoes the man is full Of them and he
soon comes down with malaria. The only
thing poisonous to the parasites so far df,
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-09-15
THE QUIN1NE FACTORY AT BANDoNG.

covered Is quinine. This kills them, the
blnod throws off the organism, and the man
grows well again.
1 came near dying while in Ecuador not
long ago from the hites of such mosquitoes.
I had gone up to the foot of the Andes
through a vast tract of flooded country
which swarmed with malarial mosquitoes. l
rode for about two days in a canoe through
the tops of the trees, being bitten by these
insects and upon my return to Guayaauil
was taken Town with a bad case of perni-
cioso, something like the Chagres fever.
/ had a native doctor, who gave ME from
thirty to sixty grains of q%uinine at a time,
and the qufnine, l believe. killed the organ
isms and saved my life. Later on I met
in Argentine one of our Consuls. a Doctor
Ayres, who has been stationed for some
years in the city of Para, at the mouth OF
the malarial Amazon. 1 told him of my
experience with the fever and also that l
was going up the Amazon. He thereupon
warned to s~aturate myself with quinine
before / got there, saying that the fever
germs could not live in cells which contain
quinine. I did 50, and though I Travelled
1900 miles among the mosquitoes OF the
Amazon. I had no sign of malaria.
GOVERNOR VAN Den BERG.
During ms stay here I have called upon
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-09-15


do not care IL the natives are impoverished.
They will establish stores on their lands
and keep the laborers in debt by giving them
credit and paying them in store orders.
This would mean the practical ensiavement
of the natives. You see, the Javanese are
much like children. They have no care for
the morrow and no idea whatever of ac-
emulation. We protect them by holding
on to the lands. II we allowed them to
have the lands they would sell them to the
Europeans. and they in turn might resell
to the Chinese.
GOVERNMENT Land LEASES.
1T was a good deal of a question with
the Government as to how to manage the
lands" continued Lord van Bethem van
den Berg. "and I think you will find it quite
a problem in the Philippines. When we
took hold of this island there was much
wastc land. and it was undecided whether
1t belonged to the Government or the ma.
tives. Thereupon the Government advanced
the theory that the lands originally came
from God to the Kings of lava and to the
Dutch Government as the heir to those
Kings.
THE Government now leases its lands
for terms Of seventy-ive years at about a
gulden. more or less. per acre. This rent
takes the place Of taxes. although there is
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-09-15

third year. and the cutting continues until
the tenth year. when the trees are full
grown. In taking out the trees both the
roots and branches are saved, for they both
yield Quinine. although the best quinine
comes from the bark Of the stem. The
bark IL dried IN the sun or in evaporators
ana Their packed up and sent to the fac
tory to be made into %quinine.
Doctor Van Linge tells me that about a
Thousand trees are planted to the acre and
that on the Government plantations there
are single trees which will yield as much
as ISL worth Of quinine. AT this rate a
thousand would yield $4,000. the greatest
profit per acre perhaps of any crop known.
Even though 1t required ten years to grow
the whole crop this would be equal to $500
per acre per year. Divide this by four and
you would still do well. You could have
$l.Soo per acre, which is by no means a bad
yield In these days Of 8 per cent interest
and 70-cent wheat.
IN A QUISINE FACTORY.
The biggest quinine factory of the world
Is situated in this city Of Bandong. 1t Is
under Government supervision. but is run
as q private enterprise in the interests of
the planters. although I believe they have
no STOCK In It The factory does not buy
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-09-15
"CIGAREI,TE BEETLEs A MENACE
TO TOBACCO MAUFAoru1ERa.

WRITTEN FOR THE SUNDAY REpr,BY1c
A new and dangerous tobacco DESTROYING
insect has just been reported on by the
Government chronological. department, Il
IS called the cigarette beetle. II bores Into
and out of manufactured cigarettes and
| cigars.
II Is stated In a recent report that. Of tina
insects injurious to cured tobacco, none ap-
proaches In economic Importance the pest
which has become known as the cigarette
beetle.
working as It does in all kinds Of cured
tobacco. and living in this substance during
all phases OF its existence. It damages treat
quantities OF cigarettes and cigars, prtnci-
paiiy by boring out of them, making round
holes In the wrappers so that they will not
draw"
The cigarette beetle Is practically cosmo-
poiitan. and occurs in most tobacco facto-
ries in the Southern States. In the far
South this insect multiplies rapidly
throughout the greater part Of the year.
ana Its development Is practically continue
Gus In artificially warm factories further
North.
The larva, when full grown, spins q fair
~ compact cocoon of a silky substance. Z
From this cocoon 1t soon emerges into an
adult beetle. 1t has been found that in q
warm room the entire life round may b
undergone in forty-seven days.
1t is only within a year of 80 that the
cigarette beetle has become serious to to.
bacco manufacturers in this country, but
1t has been increasing and spreading Of late.
and at the present time 1t is found not only
in factories. but in many retail establish.
meGts.
When the cigarette beetle has once oh.
tanned a foothold 1t is a matter OF time, q.
pense and energy to get rid Of 1t. Taking
n room at a time, the floor and walls must
be thoroughly cleaned. the walls white
washed and all beams and floor cracks sub.
jected to steaming. together with a thor
ough spraying of kerosene or benzine. With
such a treatment as this the insect can b.
exterminated.
The insect became the cause OF a curious
litigation regarding the rejection of a large
cargo of tobacco from this country by the
French Government. The tobacco In ques-
ton. in numerous hogsheads, was receives
in france. and upon examination It was
found to have been perforated ty nurnberS
OF the beetles. which had burrowed into the
tobacco for a considerable distance. b
entire cargo was rejected by the French
Government. and returned to America, and
the litigation which ensued was through IN
enaeayor to place the responsibility for the
entrance of the insect upon either the ship
pers or the carriers
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-09-15

which raised and lowered Quinfne prices at
will. Then the English Government de-
cided to introduce the trees into .Ceylon and
India. and the Holland Government planned
similar experiments for Java.
Both countries sent scientists to Peru and
Bolivia for seeds and plants. The natives
there. got track of the matter and impeded
their mission in every possible way. The
Peruvian Custom-house officers would not
let the English specimens leave the country
for weeks, and in the meantime one of the
Boiivians poured some boiling water over
the seeds. After a time. however, both
seeds and plants were secured for Ceylon
and Java. The English set out large PLAN
tations in Ceylon, and also about Madras.
They chose about the same latitude and
Innate as those in which the South Amer
lean trees throve. and succeeded in produc-
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-09-15

part OF the oil. while the residue sinks to
the bottom.
EXTRACTING THE QUININE.
The ell is now drawn of into other watts,
where 1t settles. 1t now looks for all the
world like clear water. 1t Is really kero-
sene oil soaked with qulnine. The next
thing is to get the %quinine out. This is done
by introducing, s%ulphuric acid and water.
The acid takes up the oil. but rejects the
quinine. and when the oil and acid are
drawn Off the bottom of the vat has a sed;-
ment OF dirty white sand. This is crude
quinine. II is clarified or refined much az
We refine sugar, and at the end comes out
In the frosted silver. fiaky powder known
as pure qufnine. II Is now packed into tins
of one hundred ounces and thus shipped to
New York, Amsterdam. London and the
other great drug markets Of the world.
Doctor Van Linge tells me that IS per cent
OF all the worlds quinine comes from Java.
and that 66 per cent OF this is from the
neighborhood of Bandong. He says that a
large amount Of that made here goes to the
United States. and hat the demand from,
there steadily increases.
Our Government might easily set out
plantations in the island Of Mindanao,
That island is almost as large as Java. It
has some Of the richest soil Of the tropics.
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-09-15

mfr. Ho Vow. you call for '125 China" or
whatever the number may be. Instantly a
mellow voice with an Oriental accent and
never a hint of 4 letter ''r" answers you
and gives you. swiftly and with never a
mistake. the number required.
The principal stores in Chinatown. the
restaurants and the c~lubs-mostly gambling
resorts. It must be confessed-have the con-
venient telephone line. which apprises them
of custom or gives warning Of raids. All
are ind... dual lines. and over most of them
Chinese is spoken entirely.
The manager of the Chinese telephone
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-09-15

and tobacco are furnished at the c%ompany's
expense for this purpose. and when the op-
orators are not answering calls they are
brewing scented cups Of amber liquid.
A change is shortly to be made in the
Chinese station, and then Chinese girls will
be substituted for the male operators. The
Increasing volume of business requires lar ,
ger quarters. which have already been pur-
chased, and the company finds that girl OPP
orators, of whatever race, serve their pur-
poses better than men.
Every little while some difference of opin-
lon between operator and subscriber is set !
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-09-15
MAKING A SWITCH.

system is Loo Kun Shu. He has six OPP
orators, all Chinese men-the only men EN-
ployed as operators in San Francisco. The
Chinese hello boys" are Ching Soy n
Albert Rue, Bling Gay, Chin Ii. Ching Sing
and Vie Park. Three operators are. on
duty during the day and three during the
evening, and one stays all night. The little
Chinese Mercury who carries the messages
is Wick Chun.
The custom of the Chinese requires that
all visitors and customers who call to use
the telephone must be entertained while
waiting for the public telephone booths. Tea
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-09-15

Special Correspondence Of The Sunday Republic.
.Bandong. Java. Aug. 10.-The United
States Government should investigate the
possibilities Of cinchona plantations in the
Philippine Islands. The climate and soil
are about the same as those of Java, and
the Dutch are making fortunes out of the
business. They began to plant trees only a
few years ago and they are now producing
more than four-ffths of all the quinine and
eincona bark used in the world. Last years
crop amounted to more than 1906, coo pounds
Of quinine alone. and the output is steadily.
Increasing. The demand is also increasing
and the plantations promise to be more and
moro profitable in years to come. AT pres
emit they are paying from 80 to 40 per cent
dividends and are. / am told, all doing
well.
The cinchona plantations of lava are
managed by the Government, by syndicates
and BY individuals. The syndicates have
most trees. They have eighty-three
great Quinine estates which are bringing
in al together about S,00o.oW a year. The
most OF these estates are on lands leased
from the Government for a term of seventy
nse yeafs. The planters agree to make GER
tain developments and to pay certain rents
In lieu Of taxes. and they have to carry on
their work after the rules laid down by
the Government. The private plantations
are managed to some extent the same way.
They are well cared for and three of them
each Yield about 100000 pounds of quin;ne
annually i.
The Government plantations are conduct
ed more with regard 10 the study of the
cinehona tree and the extraction of the
Quinine from its bark than for profit, al
though I believe they pay. They are now
raising about 5000 pounds of quinine a
year. and in addition to this are supplying
all the Quinine needed for the Dutch army
and navy.
WHERE QUININE ORIGINATED.
But before 1 describe the Government OK
.periments. let me tell you something about
the tree whose bark supplies the little pill
that takes away the fever. The cinchona
tree comes originally from the eastern side
of the Andes. There is a strip of country
about a hundred miles wide and over two
thousand miles long, running along the
slopes Of those mountains from Venezuela
as far south as lower ~i'pl!y!a, which IS
spotted with quinine groves. The trees arr
far in the interior aud hard L r.>--E
saw something cf itssr. 1ssr;.is n -.
IN South AaSa.cu. n .AaiI. 'css sAr. !: ::
IN - forsSts "a hapss .As -a.-ry nilr,
On So 1sS c.dsssre~ - re rivers o,
the . .pofts. I saw a great deal Of it. at
La Pas. where it was brought to; be shipped
by stage or rail to the coast. A donkey
lead weighed from one TO two hundred
pounds. ana So worth was about all one
donkey could carry. One of the BoliviaIs
offered to sell me a forest of 10000 trees
for $4,000. or 8 cents. a tree. and others of
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-09-15
:sENDING OUT MESSAGE.

and as many of these do not speak English
at all. or at best imperfectly. the girls who
handle the business of the generaI public
found themselves unable to cope with the
foreign tongues.
The result was the establishment Of the
Chinese exchange. by means of which all
the Chinese business is handled. For in
stance. If you desire TO talk with a Chinese
silk merchant or with the courtly Consul,
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-09-15

WRITTEN o THE SUNDAY REPUBLIC.
What is probably the most curious te1e-
phone ONCE in the world is maintained by
the telephone company of San Francisco.
This ofhce is a branch. and is located in
the heart of San Francisco's extensive Chi
nese quarter. 1t was made necessary by
the fact that the Pacific States and Sunset
Telephone Company has more than 80 Chi
nese subscribers in San Francisco alone.
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-09-15

The Great Cinchona Estates of the Dutch East Indies-They Make
From Thirty to Forty Per Cent a Year-How They Are Man
aged and the Chances for Quinine Raising in the Philip
pines-Big Government Piantations-Visit to a
Quinine Factory-Mo squitos and Malaria
Chat With a Resident Governor.
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-09-15

tied at arms length after office hours. This
mode of arbitration disturbs the equiii-
brium of the service. and never happens
when the operator and the subscriber are of
different sexes.
The Honolulu republican. [volume] (Honolulu, T.H.) 1900-1902, 1901-01-08
aER SOUL is FIRED
With TEMPERANCE ZEAL
MISS MuRcUTT HAS WORKED
FOR AMELloRATiON OF MAN
KIND SINCE sABYHooo.
Delivered Her Heart-Stirrine Address
Sunday at Theater-Has Travelled
in Many Lands and Spread Her
Cause Far and Wide.

Miss Ada l. A Murcutt, who ad-
eressed the people of this city in the
Hawaiian Theater Sunday on the sub
ject "Honolulus Greatest Need" is
one OF the most interesting women
that has favored Hawaii with visit.
She is an Australian and graduate
of the University at Melbourne. IN
her youth her heart was early imbued
with an interest in the woes and suf-
ferings OF mankind. and her mind was
directed to a study OF the great move
ments for the amelioration of hui
manity. As a woman. she allied her
self with that great aud uplifting or
Eanization. the Woman's Christian
Temperance Union, and for eight
years has labored with zeal that has
placed her in the front rank of the
women reformers OF the world.
Miss Murcutt is one of those rare
women. possessing magnetism which
when bestowed upon public men make
them great. She has the deep. ear
nest eye Of a Francis E. Willard. the
devotion OF Jane Adams. the i'm
agination and assurance of Mary
Ellen Lease. the heart of Sister
Mary. and plenty of courage besides.
She went>with the first rush of the
gold hunters into the wild camps Of
Coolgardie and was true teacher
OF temperance and Goodness among
the rough Australian mountainee~s.
she has lived among the slums OF the
East End in London and witnessed hui
rnauitv at It's worst. She has Travelled
in many lands and now is stopping NJ
Honolulu as way station in her pres
enf trip around the world
She is not carried away bv the
hlina zeal OF the idealfst and the
preacher. but carries with her heart
sympathy well balanced head. While
she IS not preaching moral reform.
her pen is busy writing Of the econom-
fcal and sociological conditions with
which she meets in her travels. She
Is an adepf I'm the latest theories OF
social science. and her mania for cox
iecting statistics and observing actual
facts makes her competent TO Judge
the value OF social theories as they
spring from the schools
Miss Nurcutt Is accompanied on her
present trip by Miss Alderman. who
is also noted woman worker in the
fines OF temperance reform. The tive.
while doing incidental work under the
auspices Of the International woman's
Christian Temperance Union. are pri-
Harfly newspaper women on this
around-the- globe trip. They are in the
employ az the Lewis Syndicate and
their writings are printed in the lead
fng daiiies OF the United States and
England.
As might be inferred from her.
chosen calling. the burden of Miss
Murcuft's soul is the prevalence OF i'm
temperance in al lands. She spoke
Of her experiences among the slums
Of London with shudder, and de-
The Honolulu republican. [volume] (Honolulu, T.H.) 1900-1902, 1901-01-08
Beat Out of an Increase of His
Pension.

A Mexican war veteran and promi-
rent editor writes: Seeing -Ae adver-
t.sement of Chamberlain's Collie, Chol-
era and Diarrhoea Remedy, l am re-
minded that as soldier in Mexico
in AZ and AS l contracted Mexican
diarrhoea and this remedy has kept
me from getting an increase in my
pension. for on every renewal dose
of it restores me-" 1t is unequalled as
a quick cure for diarrhoea and is pleas
ant and safe 10 take. For sale By
Benson. Smith & Co.. general agents
for Territory of Hawaii.
The Honolulu republican. [volume] (Honolulu, T.H.) 1900-1902, 1901-01-08
Charles Hartwell's Sickness.

The illness of Charles Hartwell, who
recently underwent an operation at
Cambridge, Mass, where he is at
tending Harvard college, has caused
much apprehension upon the part Of
his parents. A. S. Hartwell. father of
the young man. left on the Zealandia
Saturday in order to ascertain the ex
act condition of his son, not having
heard from him for the past ten days.
The Honolulu republican. [volume] (Honolulu, T.H.) 1900-1902, 1901-01-08
TO TRY NEW PASTURES
Continued from First Page

rim Andrews. which sum was at his
disposal for the purpose of influencing
the legislature. A deposit of $4,000
was also said to be awaiting him at
Bishop & Co.'S Bank. Luaus and hula
kuis were to be the order of proce-
dure. Luce called upon Mr.. Andrews
who promptly denied all knowledge of
the affair.
Two reporters and deputy sheriff
were at the wharf when the Zealandia
sailed but if Darlington went on that
steamer he covered his tracks well.
The Honolulu republican. [volume] (Honolulu, T.H.) 1900-1902, 1901-01-08

Foster. the defendant in the Kamalo
Sugar Company case, has been allow
ed five days to answer on his own be-
half. The circuit Judge has set March
14th for final adjudication