The Washington times., 1901-11-25
METHODS EMPLOYED
IN TROPIC COLONIES.
PROGRESS BY OTHER NATIONS.
Solutions of Administrative and Com
mercIaI PrObIems-Home Rule
Under Limitations "A Civil
izing Factor.

Colonial Administration" is the title
of publication which will be issued by
/ the Treasury Bureau of Statistics as
/ part Of the October number of the
Monthly Summary OF Commerce and FL
nance" 1t is understood to be the per-
sonal work of the chief of the bureau,
| Mr.. Austin, who recently visited the cap
itals of colonial departments of the Eu
ropean Governments with the purpose of
( obtaining information regarding the
( methods applied In the government OF
colonies.
/ The work is devoted especially to the
government and development of colonies
in tropical and sub tropical territory, and
the method by which this relationship
between temperate zone nations and
tropical areas becomes mutually bene
fetal tc the people of both communities.
The Executive Officials.
1t has been assumed in this study that
the chief purpose in the management of
colonies is the development and advance
ment of the people of the colony and the
territory which they occupy. and that
when this is accomplished the result will
be beneficial to the commerce of the
mother country and the world.
All nations now attempting the gov
ernment of communities differing In race.
! customs. and climatic conditions from
those OF the home Government appoint
from their own people a governor and
/ other executive officers and these Off
cials, with others named by the home
Government, form the lawmaking body in
the colony though in the more advanced
colonies a popular branch of the law
making body is also elected by the people
of the colony.
The more important Of the laws and
regulations formed by the lawmakng
! body are submitted TO the home Govern
] ment and are subject to its final action.
but the details of framing and adminis-
tering the laws and regulations are left
/ to the representatives in the colony Of
the home Government.
Home RuIe in Details.
! The general administration OF govern
ment in the colony is performed by the
! Governor and other executive officers. and
| the lawmaking is by the legislative bodies
/ above described, but the details OF ad-
/ ministration are largely carried out by
1 the natives, in conjunction with, ana
under the supervision Of, the direct rep
| resentatiyes Of the home Government.
/ Local and municipal legislation and ad-
U
/ wherever practicable.
The first and most important steps
/ after the development of order are the
| creation of roads. railways, telegraphs,
| steamship lines and other methods Of
/ communication and transportation by
! which the natural produces of the colony
can be sent TO the markets OF the world
/ where they will find ready sale.
With this the native finds his earning
/ power increased. and with this increase
/ of earnings comes increased desire for
/ the comforts and ConvenlenCes OF clVlll-
| zation, which in turn are followed by
better homes. education, newspapers,
schools churches, and increased powers
| of self government.
| Methods of Raising Funds.
The public works for the development
and improvement OF the colony are
usually created with funds raised by local
| taxation or loans based upon future
| revenues, and not with funds supplied by
| the hoEle Government.
The funds for the conduct of the colony
| are raised by methods similar TO those
utilized in the more advanced communi-
ties of the world. In most cases customs
| duties supply larger share of the rev
| enues than any other single item.
In Il few instances, notably India and
| Java, the awnership OF the land is re
| tanned by the Government, the land being
| leased to the natives at a low rental
under leases usually renewable perpetu-
ally and large share of the revenue is
| obtained from these sources.
The principal productions Of the colony
are usually raw materials and natural
food products, and these are usually the
principal importations Of the mother coun-
try The principal productions of the
mother country are manufactures and
prepared food products and these are also
| the principal imFortattons of the colony
A free Interchange of products between
the two communities thus mutually de
| pendent upon each other for necessary
/ supplies and necessary market for the
| surplus of each is therefore. essential
! Specific articles. however, such as sugar
| for example which the mother country
| produces or may produce, are excepted
! from this general system This IS espc-
| cially true IN countries having Il higG
| tariff.