davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Globe-republican., 1901-10-24
- HOW CzOLGOSz WILL DIE =

he was fat and seek after his two
weeks of rest and good food and look
ed much better than he did when ne
was arrested
May Make Trouble at Execution
But since his sentence he has chang
ed his denleanor. Realizing that MS
clumsy efforts to feign insanity were
deceiving no one, he deoppSd them
after the trial and conducted himself
in a quiet ode 1y way, as tough
he were quite resi- gned to his ia e and
wanted only to have it hurried along
and get it over with But the iucf1efl
at Auburn, when the mob clamo- ed for
his blood. worked mplet- c1anss
in him and seemed to take away what
ever spirit of bravado he had uo d
that time. He has been trembling.
whinpering wretch ever since and the
chances are that he will be led to the
execution shrieking with terror O.
practically unconscious from fear
But in that event the re1eemi e
feature is that the spectacle II not
last long. At a hang ng when a pFis-s
oner faints st ugg1es there is al
ways painful seem, as it is cess
sary to have him his feet in G sr
10 place the moose around his neck
With the electrocuion chair this
trouble is obviated. The most weak
kneed and trembling of condemned
men can be p1ac in the chair and
bound in the usual way without the
slightest muscular aid on the own
part The urrent can be flashed
through them and the crime has been
expiated-
The Globe-republican., 1901-10-24

Courage and confidence, not terror
and doubt, says the Chicago Record
Herald. have been the most u1y re-
marka be and persistent things in the
background of our national sarrow-
The confidence was perfect and it was
illustrated in the facts of our daily life
when the doubt expressed in intemper-
ate dec1amations was 1oudest. Except
for the day of public mourning the pei
pie went about their business as usual.
and there was not the slightest s:gn Of
actual apprehension anywhere. 1t was
assumed as matter of course that tn 2
vice-president would succeed to th ;
Presidency without any disturbance.
that there was no IS b,e chance OF
national insecurity, that the ordinary y
affairs of life would go without in
terruption. 1t was felt that the founda-
tions of the republic were as firm a
the foundations of the everlasting hills.
What stung the people was the out
rage upon humanity, the cruel personal
aspects of the sa sination, the wan
ton nature of the assault upon their
own sovereignty, which incens ed
though it did net terrify them. They
never really thought that they had
anything to learn from Russia on the
mai king and the administration of laws
and that civil liberty and self-gov vern-
ment had suddenly become a failure.
They never thought of furnishing an
archy, with anarchy, and they knew
that a great democ- attic republic lik-
this with its equal love for liberty and
order does more to elm nate the
causes of anarchy than any other P3-
1itical institution known to history
The Globe-republican., 1901-10-24

assassin of ruler was dragged TO
pieces by four horses attached to his
four limbs and driven in opposite
directions. In some OF the oriental
countries to this day the most cruel
and revolving tortures are reserved
for those who even attempt the life OF
a potentate or are suspected OF com
p1icity in plots against him. BOILING IN
oil, drawing and quartering are among
the least terrible of these punishments,
while the looping off of single mem
bers from the living body until death
relieves the victim is common pun
ishment for notable crimes
Means OF Death Humane.
In China to this day criminals sus-
pected of plots against the emperor
other high officials placed in
bamboo cage and kept constantly
awake by their guards until death
from fatigue ensues. They are prod
ded with sharp instruments on the
least sign of sleep and their sufferings
are impossible to ds sscribe after three
four days of this torture But Czol-
gosz, who WOULD have INST fate
mitted a like crime in an oriental
country, or even in many European
countries, is to meet death in the form
declared to be most humane and Prac-
tica11y painless by medical men. A
current of electricity is to be shot
action instantly and causing death in
a fraction of a second In the familiar
phrase of the street, "he viii never
know what struck him. after the cleo
trician concealed in an inner room
moves the fatal switch which will send
600 or more volts OF the mysterious
current through his body.
Result Long Agitation.
More than ten years ago the agita-
tion looking to the abolition of hang
ing was begun in New York state.
After several magazine and newspaper
articles had been published expressing
the opinions of eminent physicians and
criminologists on every phase of the
subject, commission was appointed
by the legislature to make an exhaus-
tive inquiry into the subject This in
vestigatfon dragged along for several
years, during which time the matter
was thoroughly exploited in the news
papers, and at last a favorable report
was submitted recommending that
electricity be substituted a death
agent for the time honored ropes end,
which had been used in most English
speaking countries for hundreds of
years A bill was passed by the legis-
lature authorizing the change in 1897
and it was ordered in the law that all
executions should take place in the
state peniten1iarfes- Eleetrocution
chambers were constructed at Sing
Sing and Auburn, equipped with the
death chair which superseded the old
RaIlows, wires which took the place Of
the rope and an electric switch board
which performs the functions of the
old trap
Death Is Instantaneous
Several executions have taken place
The Globe-republican., 1901-10-24

under the new conditions and with re-
suits which more than verified all the
claims Of the physicians AutopsIes
were held on the bodies of the first
criminals executed in order that the
surgeons and officials might learn ex-
act1y what effect the tremendous cur
rent had upon the tissues and organs
of the body, and discover If possible In
that way whether death was instan-
taneoJs- 1t was found that the blood
was coagu1ated and other indications
went to prove that electrocution was
a certain. instantaneous and practi-
caI1y painless form of death This is
what awaits the assassin who murder
ed President Mckinley and plunged the
nation into grief. Under the law he
has an interval of twenty-one days be-
The Globe-republican., 1901-10-24
Az Ordeal no BE ENcoUNrEREp By THE AssAss1N

There was some further converse
ton with his wife in the way of leave
taking, but this should not be repeaf
ed About an hour later he said to his
wife-
Nearer. My God. to Thee, e.en
though it be a cross. has been my con-
stant prayer
He tried to say something more.
but could not catch it. / gave ouf a.
the time the first sentence as being the
most appropriate to be remembered as
his last words. wrote them down A
the time. SO that there can be ne ouer-
ton about it,
The Globe-republican., 1901-10-24

tween the date of his sentence and his
execution in order that any legal stays
Of proceedings may be brought by his
attorneys before the higher courts, but
IN the present case, of course. nothing
cf the kind will be attempted.
The Chair Death.
The condemned man will be led by
guards into the death chamber in the
Auburn penitentiary. Near the wall
at one end of the room is an oak chair,
constructed something after the man
ner of an easy chair, with broad wood
en- arms. It rests upon a rubber mat
ting, which insulates it completely. At
tached to the back of the chair is an
adjustable board, against which CzoI-
gosz will rest his back, and this board
is equipped with a sliding rod to which
Is attached the death mask a strap
which can be fastened around the head
at the forehead. On the inner side of
this strap two small sponges
which press upon the temples and
which are connected by wires with the
rod in the back of the chair This rod
carries the electricity, conducted to it
by heavy wires from the wall. There
are straps fastened to the back of the
chair to pass around the upper arms of
the condemned man and holding the
arms securely against the chair, other
straps on the arms of the chair itself
binding the forearms down and pre-
venting the least struggle. Another
stout strap or belt attach to the back
Of the chair passes across the abdomen
of the prisoner and binds him securely
to the seat His ankles are also strap
ped to the foot rest at the bottom of
the chair.
When all is in readiness two small
electrodes fitted with moist sponges
like those pressing against the fore
head are placed against the bare calf
of each leg, the trousers either being
slit for the purpose or turned up as far
as the knee When these electrodes
are fastened into place the body of
Czolgosz will form part of circuit
from the wires at his head to those at
his legs, and any current entering the
upper wires must pass from the cleo
trodes attached to his legs and thus
back to the dynamo.
Method Simple.
The execution itself these details
being attended to, is exceedingly sim
pie Upon the wall of the death cham
Der is a large switch board and a num-
Der OF gauges which register the num-
Der OF volts OF current passing over
the wires One of the officials selected
for the purpose, either the sheriff or
some other officer legally charged with
the execution, pulls down a handle on
a switch, which completes the circuit,
and in f1ftieth of second about 200
volts OF the deadly electricity leaps
through the body of the murderer and
passes on through the wires. In that
fraction OF time 1t is ali over He is
dead as certainly as though a guiIIo-
tine had descended upon his neck The
current is usually allowed to remain
at that intensity for about ten seconds.
The Globe-republican., 1901-10-24

in the fact that their endeavoTs were
driving sleep from the brain of the
murderer mild form of the Chinese
torture which keeps criminals awake
until they die. But as soon as the
sheriff heard of this he put stop to 1T,
largely because he did not want Czoi-
gosz to appear in cou.t thin, drawn
and haggard as though he had been
prosecuted In the jail In the eyes of
the law he was still innocent until he
had been proven guilty. and orders
were issued to feed him well and let
him have plenty OF Sleep The re-
suit was that when he came into court
The Globe-republican., 1901-10-24

Dr. Matthew D. Mann, the eminent
Buffalo surgeon who attended Presi-
dent Mckinley, thus describes his last
moments and words:
LAS President Mckinley was dyin.
1 stood behind a screen in his room
and heard him say his last words. His
wife came into the room and he said
to her:
Good by, all; good by. 1t is Goa 5
way. His will be done, not ours
The Globe-republican., 1901-10-24
Scene of Horror Expected.

But the people of Auburn had heard
that he would arrive that morning, and
a mob of about 800 had assembled at
the station When the train pulled in
there was an outcry from the mob for
the murderer's blood. AS he was
hustled from the train to the prison
fists struck at him and hands reached
over the officers shoulders to seize
him. hmm media te1y he COLLAPSED and
became panic-stricken. Falling upon
the floor of his cell, he screamed with
fear and agony and begged the officers
not to give him up to the mob That
seemed to be his greatest fear-that he
would be 1ynched. AS the days passed
he grew bit quieter, but it is appar-
ent to his guards that he has lost his
nerve. and they fear he will make
pitiab1e spectacle of himself when the
time comes for his last march on
earth-that from his cell to the death
chamber.
An arrant coward, the chances are
that he will be paralyzed with fear
when he views the apparatus prepared
for his death-the gris1y chair, the
head piece and the straps. 1t is, in
deed, a spectacle which might make
the most clustering braggart quail, and
in the case of a pitiful coward like the
man who mur dered the president the
effect will probably be distressing in
the extreme to the sheriff and other
officials charged with his 1sga1 execu-
tion- But they have little pity for
him. Indeed, at the start before his
trial the sheriff discovered that the
guards stationed outside his cell were
practicing a mild form of torture by
keeping him awake at night. They
managed to make noises which startled
him every time he went to sleep; they
talked or sung or whistled and gIoried
The Globe-republican., 1901-10-24

when it is reduced to ISo0 volts After
several seconds. in order to make as
surance doubIy sure, the current is
again Increased to upward of 1000
is over in less than a minute, the pen
atty demanded by the law has been
paid
Death Is Painless.
This method of exscution has met
with so much favor from criminolo-
gists, physicians and humanitariansz
that it has been adopted by several
other states, notably Massachusetts,
and Ohio 1t Is an improvement in
hanging from several standpoints, be
ing swift, sure and painless, and the
removal of the body within a minute
after the current is turned on is
great advance from the old method.
where man was allowed to hang for
from ten to fifteen minutes slowly
dying, while jury of doctors counted
his failing pulse beats and finally pro-
nounced him dead There are no
pulse beats in the electric-chair execu-
ton The movement Of the handle on
the switch board is practically stimuli
taneous with the stoppage of the heart,
the ob1iteration of all sense and feel
ing and immediate death.
Since the imposition of sentence
Czo1gosz has lost the nerve which
carried him through the ordeal of the
trial and has collapsed a most com
p1etely- The chances are that by the
time the day of his ex cution arrives
he will have to be dragged or carried
to the chair. His collapse occurred on
his arrival at Auburn pen -t7ntiary at 8
O'Clock on the morning after his SEN
tence was pronounced in Buffalo. Up
to that time he had carried himself
marvelouS1y we'll. He stood the tryfn o.
test in the courtroom and even the
imposition of sentence without a Wis
ible weakening and marched back to
his cell almost as jauntiIy as though
he had been acquitted.
The Globe-republican., 1901-10-24

several executions have taken place
Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1901-04-15

1t is difficult to realize what the
pressure at the ocean bottom really
means; how enormous it is at three
miles in depth. 1t is greater by sew
eral times than the pressure eXerted
by the pistons of the very greatest
steam engines. Scientific men ascer-
tain the temperature of the deep sea
by sending down thermometers in
closed in small, strong thick glass
tubes. Sometimes these tubes sud-
denly collapse TO fine powder under
the enormous pressure of several
miles of depth. Indeed one may say
every hollow, man-made thing that
sinks in tie deep sea is crushed be-
yond recognition before it reaches the
bottom. The strongest steel ships are
hardly more resisting here than paste
board boxes.-McClures Magazine.
Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1901-04-15
The Power of Artillery.

The power of artillery, properly
handled and sufficiently numerous. is
now so great that it is impossible to
conceive an enemy capable of main
tanning an aimed fire against it at all.
If 100 guns concentrate their shrapnel
on front of trench of. say 500 yards
extent, the number of bullets delivered
is so great that every mans head and
shoulders showing above the crest
will, on an average, receive four hits q
minute. and. if that is not sufficient
to hinder steady aiming, the binding
clouds of dust. and smoke from the
bursting shells effectually screen all
the attacking objects from the occu,
pants of the trench. and under such
conditions it is absolutely immaterial
what formations they adopt, or what
colored uniforms they wear. They will
meet storm of bullets certainly, for
the enemy will contrive to fire at
them somehow. but their fire will be
so absolutely random that the number
of hits will vary simply as the amount
of square feet of vulnerable area ex-
posed and the duration of such expos
ure. The longer you are out in the
rain the wettcr you will get, and you
viii he Just as wet in khaki as in
scarlet.-The Contemporary Review.
Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1901-04-15

A recent European invention Is a
process for making artificial sponges.
The method is based on the action of
zinc chloride on cellulose, by which
spongy compounds similar to starch
are produced. These products when
placed in the water swell, and, and IN
an atmosphere sufficiently dry, soon
become hard again. The formula for
making the sponges is given as fol-
lows: One hundred grams of cellulose
are treated with four Kilograms of a
concentrated solution of zinc and So
dunn chloride. This results in plas-
tic mass, slightly viscous, to which is
added kilogram of coarse bay salt.
The substance is then placed in a
specially constructed mill and pierced
with two or three hundred holes, to
form canals, and is then placed in 4
bath OF alcohol and water for "a hours.
These sponges can be produced quite
cheaply, and possess great durability,
though they are said to be harder than
the natural substance.
Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1901-04-15
PEARLS OF THOUGHT.

Brutes leave ingratitude to man.
Cotton.
Discretion in speech is more than
eloquence.-Bacon.
They that know no evil will suspect
none.-Ben Jonson.
The root OF all discomfort is self
love- j. F. Clarke.
No man is happy who does not think
himself so.-Marcus Antonius.
Delicacy is to the affections what
grace is to beauty.
He that takes time to resolve gives
leisure to deny, and warning to pre-
pare.-Quarles.
When desperate ills demand a speedy
cure, distrust is cowardice, and pru-
dence folly.-Johnson.
A word of kindness is seldom spoken
in vain, while witty sayings are as
easily lost as the pearls slipping from
a broken string.-Prentice.
There is a department which suits
the figure and talents of each person;
it is always lost when we quit it to
assume that of another Rousseau.
Persons extremely reserved and diff
dent ere like the old enameled
watches, which had painted covers
that hindered you from seeing what
time II was.-Walpole.
Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1901-04-15
WHERE POLlTENESS COUNTED.


Courteous Conductor Receives Good Po-
sition Through Trifing Action.
"It's astonishing how few people
realize the value of politeness." said a
gentleman today. in speaking of the
opportunities for young men.
Il come into town every day on the
Ellicott City cars" continued the gen.
every day. 1t seems to me that the
conductors on that line are. as rule,
very courteous and accommodating, but
there are few exceptions. For sew
eral months a very pleasant young
man was in charge of the car l used
in the morning. but after New Years
day | missed him. and unon inquiring
for him found he had left the road.
His politeneas had secured him bet
ter position.
1T seems that during the brisk shop
ping times Just before the holidays
this conductor had as a suburban pas
senger one rainy day lady who was
encountered with number of parcels
and an umbrella. When the car ar
rived at the lady's stopping place the
conductor sprang off the car. raised
the lady's umbrella for her. assisted
her with her packages, touched his cap
and went on his way, thinking nothing
more of the incident.
Not so with the lady. however.
That night she mentioned the circum-
stance to her husband. who is a large
wholesale merchant. and requested
him, if possible, to give the young con-
ductor a better job than ringing up
fares and eXpostulating with truck
drivers. The husband is one of those
model men who live only to please
their wives. and the result was that
work at a salary considerably better
than that paid him by the railway com
pany and with almost unlimited op.
portunities for advancement
But mark the difference in men,
/ The terminus of the Ellicott City line
is at Charles and Lexington streets
but if the cars are little ahead oftime
they must wait at the corner of Sara
toga and Charles streets. which is a
| convenient passing point for the cars
of the Edmonson avenue line. Our
polite conductor had always called
cherrily out. on reaching this point
Two minutes to wait or Going right
down. as the case might be. The first
morning I came in with the new con
ductor he pumped right down in q
seat when the car reached Charles and
Saratoga streets. and when. after q
slight pause, passenger ventured
mildly to inquire how long the wait
would be. the conductor replied an
grily, Bout five minutes All the pas
| sengers got of. and then. on looking
at my watch, found there were really
only two minutes to wait. Before We
got to Charles and Lexington streets
the car overlook us. That conductor
| will never rise any higher, and it is
doubtful whether he will even hold
his present position long. Baltimore
| News.
Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1901-04-15

Apropos of runs on banks, a story is
told of an Irishman who had heard
reports affecting a bank in which he
had deposited his savings.
Presenting himself at the paying tel
ler's window, he said, peremptorily:
81 want me money!"
The official thus addressed quietly
took his book, counted out the cor
rect amount and handed it out.
Then you've got it?" exclaimed the
depositor, his ire subsiding.
There it is replied the teller.
81 don't want it! You may keep it,
And he went away satisfied of the
banks solidity.-Baltimore Sun.
Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1901-04-15
Mans Days to Be Lengthened.

The American will be taller by from
one to two inches in the next hundred
years. His increase of stature will
result from better health. due to vast
reforms in medicine, sanitation. food
and athletics. He will live SO years
instead of 35. as at present-for he
will reside in the suburbs. The city
house will practically be no more.
Building in blocks will be illegal. The
rip from suburban home to office
will require few minutes only. A
penny will pay the fare.