davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Kootenai herald. [volume] (Kootenai, Idaho) 1891-1904, 1901-12-13

WANTED SEVERAL PERSONS OF CHAR
acter and good reputation in each state Zone in
this county required) to represent and advertise
old established wealthy business house of solid
financial standing, Salary $500 weekly with
expenses additional, all payable il cash each
Wednesday direct from lead Offices Horse and
carriage furnished when necessary. Rcferen-
cos. Enclose selfaddressed stamped envelope
Manager, Sl6 Caxton Building, Chicago.
The Kootenai herald. [volume] (Kootenai, Idaho) 1891-1904, 1901-12-13
FALLS
= & NORTHERN
RED MOUNTAIN
RAILW A Us.
NELSON & FIT.
SHEPPARD

The only all-rail route between
all points east, west and south to
Rossland, Nelson and intermediate
points; connecting at Spokane with
the Great Northern, Northern Paci-
fic and O. r. q n Co.
Connects at Nelson with steamer
for Kaslo and all Kootenay lake
points.
Connects at Meyers Falls with
stage daily for Republic, and con-
meets At Bossburg with stage daily
for Grand Forks and Greenwood.
Leave, DAY TRAIN. Arrive.
900 a. m Spokane. 1885 pm
1925 p. m .Rossland. 4:10 p. m
1910 4. m. Nelson . sos p. m
Buffet Sleeper run on passenger
trains between Spokane aud North
port. Fl. A. JACKSON, G. P. A.,
Spokane, Wash.
The Kootenai herald. [volume] (Kootenai, Idaho) 1891-1904, 1901-12-13

Notice for Publication.
United States Land once, Coeur d Alene
Idaho. October 5, 1901.
Notice is hereby given that in com pliance
with the provisions OF the act OF congress OF June
3, 1873, entitled IAN act for the SAFE of timber
laLds in the states Hf California. Oregon. Nevada
and Washington Territory" extended to all
the Public Land states by act of August 4, 1892,
JOHN CHlCKERING,
OF spokane, county of Spokane, state of WASH
ingtOn, has this day filed in this office his sworn
statement 40. no Tor the purchase of the -
of NE14, 81 NWl4 Sec. No 20. in TIP No 81 n.
range No W. b. NJ. ard will offer proof to
show that tn" land sought is more valuable
for its timber or stone than TO. agriC ultural
purposes, and to establish his claim % said
land before the Register and Receiver of
this Office at Occur a. Aleue, Idaho on Satur-
day. the Dist day OF December 1901.
He names as Witnesses:
jerome b. Shoemaker, of Naples, Idaho, and
Deane p. Mitchell, Jirah b. Moseley and Myron
A. Folsom, OF spokane.
Any and all persons claiming adversely the
abOve-described lands are requested to lle their
clnims in this office on or before said 2lst day of
December, 1901 ID. IL. BUDLONG,
1O-il-l2-l3 Register
The Kootenai herald. [volume] (Kootenai, Idaho) 1891-1904, 1901-12-13
Timber Land Act, June 3, 1873
Notice for Publication.

United states Land Office, Occur d Alene'
Idaho, Oct 10TH 1901
Notice is hereby gwen that in compliance
with the provisions of the act of Congress of
June B. 1873, entitled can act for the sale of
timber lands in the states of California, Oregon.
Nevada, and Washington Territory" as ex-
tended to all the Public Land states by act Of
August 4, 1892
BART V. GEARY,
of kalispel county of Flathead state of Mon
tana, has this day filed in this Office his sworn
statement No. 724. for the purchase of the SCI
OF Section No, in Township No 63 Range No.
ana viii offer proof to show that the land
sought is more valuable for its timber or stone
Than Tor agricultural purposes and to establish
his claim to said land before the Register and
Receiver of tins Office at Occur d Alene Idaho
on Monday the 9th day of january, 1902.
He n7mes ms Witnesses Andrew J. Kent,
william EldertOn, both of Boomers Ferry. Idaho
Coleman King, james Hogan both of Kalispen.
Montana.
Any and all persons claiming adversely the
Shove-described lands are requested to file their
GAINS in this Office before said 9th day Of
Jan n ~ 1902 ID. IL. BUnLONG.
lO-lS--2-2O Register.
The Kootenai herald. [volume] (Kootenai, Idaho) 1891-1904, 1901-12-13
HECTOR CHISHOLM.
IOTFCE FOR PUBLICATIONS

NOTICE FOR PUBLICATION
II Timber Land. Act June 3, 1878
United States Land Office, Occur
d. Alene, Idaho. Oct. 10th, 1901.
Notice is hereby given that in com
phance with the provisions of the
act of Congress of June 3, 1878, en-
titled can act for the sale of timber
lands in the States of California;
Oregon, Nevada and Washington
Territory" as extended to al the
Public Lana States by act of Aug
ust 4th, 1892, COLEMAN KING,
of Kalispell. county of Flathead,
State of Montana, has this day
filed III this Office his sworn state
ment No 725, for the purchase of
the SEA of SW4, Section No. 8, in
Township No. SO n, Range 3 E,
and E4 NW4 ard SW4 NV
of Section No. II, TIP SO n r 3 e
and will offer proof to show that
the land sought is more valuable
for its timber or stone than for ag-
ricultural purposes, and to estab-
lish his claim TO said land before
the Register and Receiver Of this
office at Occur d, Alene, Idaho, or
Monday, the 9th day of January
1902. He names as Witnesses:
Andrew J, Kent, William El1erton,
both of Bonners Ferry Idaho, Bart
V. Geary, James Hogan, both of
Kalispell, Mont. Any and all per-
sons claiming adversely the above
described lands are requested to file
their claims in this office on or be-
fore said 9Th day of January, 1902.
ID. H. BUDLONG,
1O-1S-12-20 Register,
The Kootenai herald. [volume] (Kootenai, Idaho) 1891-1904, 1901-12-13

ANTED-sEVERAL PERSONS OF CHAR
acter and goo" reputation in each state zone in
tins county rcquircd) to represent and advertise
old established wealthy business house OF solid
financial standing. Salary $500 weekly with
expenses additional, all payable in cash each
Wvduesda, direct rom head offices. Horse and
carriage furnished. when necessary. Rcferen-
ccs Enclose seli-addressee stamped envelope.
Manager $40 CnxtOn Building, Chicago.
The Kootenai herald. [volume] (Kootenai, Idaho) 1891-1904, 1901-12-13
CASTORIA
For Infants and Children.
The Kind You Have Always Bought
Signature ssass ses Of GEzHAZzz1l
Health and Beauty

A poor complexion is usually the
result Ct "A torpid liver or irregular
action of the bowels. Unless ma
lures refuse is carried off it will
surely cause impure blood Pim-
pies, boils and other eruptions fol-
low. This Is natures method of
throwing 1tf the poisons which the
bowels failed to remove. DeWitts
Little Early Risers are world fa-
nous for remedying this condition.
They stimulate the liver and pro-
mote regular and healthy action of
the bowels but never cause gripping.
cramps or distress. Safe oil :.
jon Is, DIuggi t.
The Kootenai herald. [volume] (Kootenai, Idaho) 1891-1904, 1901-12-13

Nobody need have Neuralgia Get DR.. Miles
Pain pills from druggists. "One cent a dose "
The Kootenai herald. [volume] (Kootenai, Idaho) 1891-1904, 1901-12-13
Notice for Publication. Depart
ment of the Interior.

Land Office at Coe ur d Alene, Idaho, Novem-
Der 10, 1901.
Notice is hereby given that the following
named settler mas filed notice OF his intention
to make final proof in support of his claim, and
that SAID proof Will be made before Chas. O'Cal
laghan, U 5 Com. mt Bonners Ferry, Idaho, on
January g, 1902, viz
HECTOR CHISHOLM,
Ed 26lO for the SWl4 NE14, E15 NWlf and Lot
sec Is Twp GA n K l f B NJ
He nqmes the following witnesses to prove
his continuous residence upon and cultivation
of said land. viz.
James r. Eckert. Henry Guthrie. OF Cope
land, Idaho. william NanGaskeI., George X.
Gray of Bonners Ferry
H-29-l-3 D. II. BUDLONG,
Register.
The Kootenai herald. [volume] (Kootenai, Idaho) 1891-1904, 1901-12-13
ONLY LINE EAST VIA
Salt Lake and Denver
TWO TRAINS DAILY
SPOKANE
TIME SCHEDULES.
Effective Nov. 8, 1901
745 a m

AS m Fast Mail-For the Occur
d. Alenes, Pennington,
Garfield, ColfaX, Pull
man, Moscow, PomerOy,
Waitburg Dayton, Walla
Walla, Peudleton, Baker
City and all points EAST
FastMail-From all points
EAST, Baker City, Pen
dletOn, Walla Wnlla,
Dayton, Pullman, Pom
erOy, Waitsburg, Mos
COW, ColfaX, GARFIELD,
Pennington and Occur
d. AleDes.
3 10 p. IN. -FoTFarmington,
Garfield. C0lfaX, Pull.
man. Moscow, Lewiston,
Walla Walm, Portland,
Baker City SanFrancisco
and allnOlnts EAST
Express From all points
EAST, Baker City, san
Francisco, Portland,
ColfaX. Garfield and
Pennington.
The Kootenai herald. [volume] (Kootenai, Idaho) 1891-1904, 1901-12-13

G. c. Clemens, of Topeka,
The Kootenai herald. [volume] (Kootenai, Idaho) 1891-1904, 1901-12-13
IOOk Carefully
To Your Kidneys
DR.. .Jenner'S
Kidney Pills

cause the kidneys to work as
nature intended they should.
They build up the shruuken
walls of the kidneys, as no
known remedy has been found
to do before.
AS a cure for urinary trouble
they have no equal.
The Billings gazette. [volume] (Billings, Mont.) 1896-1919, 1901-08-02
ALL WILL Be BLANKS
IN THE GREAT LAND LOTTERY
AFTER TOMORROW.
But Each Person Registered Will
Receive a Postal Card Show
ing Number Drawn.

H. @WEaAn yt-w. II El4H#M ElE
El Reno, o. T., July 31-Two thou
sand one hundred anne were drawn
from each wheel in the great United
States land lottery today, making the
grand total $500. Tomorrow the list
of prize winners will be completed.
The drawing of numbers will contin-
ue until about 1000 names for each
district are drawn from the wheels,
making a total of 10000 names. AS
there are about $500 claims in the
new country the drawing Of 10000
names will go beyond the point where
persons above $4,000 can get land.
The remaining envelopes will draw
blanks. AS the commission desire to
impress the public with the fairness
and honesty of the drawing every one
Of the $4,000 envelopes will be drawn.
When the names entitled to home
steads, however, have been exhaust
ed, the work that follows will be mere
ly perfunctory and will be done as
rapidly as possible. Each person who
registered at Ell Reno Or Lawton will
receive a postal card showing the num-
Der of his Identification card as it
came from the wheel.
The Billings gazette. [volume] (Billings, Mont.) 1896-1919, 1901-08-02
Boston Wool Market.

Boston, July 31-The American
Wool and Cotton Reporter will say
tomorrow of the wool trade: The mar
ket continued on IN even keel with
continued cheerfulness, and a more
or less uniform amount of business,
and with a stronger conviction that
the market is to sell higher in the
future than prices of the present. The
fact that buyers have been paying
high prices out west shows that they
expect to sell at better prices here.
Buying is, on the whole, distributed,
that is to say, buyers from medium
sized mills are here as well al the con-
slant visitors from the larger ones.
The smaller buyers are here because
they have orders to all. Mills gener-
ally have orders enough to keep their
running through August
and September and they have had to
The Billings gazette. [volume] (Billings, Mont.) 1896-1919, 1901-08-02
BY ENGLISH COMPANY THAT
DEALT IN STOCK.
SHAREHOLDERS ARE EXCITED
Want to Lynch Directors But Are
Finally Quoted BY Re
ceiver's Promises.

London, July 30-At the first meet
ing of the creditors, today and at q
meeting of the share hold
ers Of the Standard Exploration COM
pany, one of the mining nee
known as the "Whittaker-Wright
group the official receiver made such
astounding revelations that he drew
from the excited share holders de-
mands for the lynching of the persons
implicated. The receiver said that
the estimated assets were farcical.
The IA mines, valued at $4,000 had
earned nothing. The company start
ed with a cash capital of $500, 900,
but the directors took little interest in
the company's mines and devoted
themselves to stock exchange specula-
ton. "And that is where your money
is gone" said the receiver, "G228,000
was lost in differences in Lake Erie
preferred and e225,OOO pounds was
lost in differences in Caledonion Cop
per. The total profits from specula-
ton are e3S,OOO and the losses are
6 536. 0OO.'
After a few more such statements,
which, a shareholder said, would
"stagger humanity" all other share
holders asked the receiver to prevent
the directors from making away with
their property as it was reported they
were doing.
"Are these men still at larger"
shouted another share holder. Eyes
they are" came the answer, and i'm
mediately those present at the meet
ing sprang to their feet, somebody
shouting Lynch them" It was an
exciting moment for Lord Pelham.
Clinton, General Gough-Calthorpe and
others, who were attending the meet,
ing. A storm of angry cries and
Kisses broke out but the receiver
finally succeeded in calming the
share holders by promising them
every protection possible.
The Billings gazette. [volume] (Billings, Mont.) 1896-1919, 1901-08-02
RAIN MAKER is WORKING
SPECIAL VIBRATION THEORY
BEING TESTED.
Trying to Bring Down Moisture
By Bombarding
Clouds.


Lincoln, July 31-Four miles north
east of the city tonight "a mortars
posted on a 20 acre tract are being
fired at minute intervals in the hope
that the result will be a downfall of
rain. w. F. Wright, former deputy
state food commissioner, is the pro-
motor of the enterprise. Wright is
the originator of the Special Vibra-
several years has uns%uccessfully
sought a legislative appropriation to
put his theory into practice. He will
continue bombarding till rain comes
OF. until his ammunition is exhausted.
The sky is clear tonight.
The Billings gazette. [volume] (Billings, Mont.) 1896-1919, 1901-08-02
buy wool in order to be able to ex-
ecute these orders.

Boston, July 30 There was a firm
tone to the wool market here this
week, with values well maintained
and the general situation is harden
ing. There has been an absence of
speculative feeling as far as buying
is concerned, but the demands Of the
mills are large. Territory woods n
tinue to lead the sales. Fine medium
and fine staple is quoted at 44@45
cents, while the strictly staple article
calls for 46@48 cents. Fleece woods
are quoted firm but the arrivals Of
new washed fleeces are only moder-
ate, as yet.
Ohio and Pennsylvania fleeces x
and x above, 23@24; Xxx and Xxx and
above 26; delaine %; No. l combing
26@2S; No. 2 and three-eighths blood
25; coarse and braid washed 23@24.
Michigan, Wisconsin, ETC.: Michi-
gan x, 20@21; No. / Michigan comb
ing 23@24; No. 2 Michigan 23@24;
G#S $50 r4G4J-E EEEN5g& I-.Iaa%
coarse and braid washed "a; fine de-
laihe, 23@24. Unwashed medium,
ETC.: Kentucky and Indiana quarter
blood combing 20; three-eighths blood
20; Missouri quarter blood combing
10; three-eighths blood 10; braid
combing II.
Territory, secured basis: Montana
fine 14@16; secured 44@46; fine me-
dunn 14@16; secured 42@43; staple
16@17; secured 46@48; Utah, Wyo-
ming and Idaho fine 1904; secured
44@45; fine medium 1904; secured
4o@43; staple 1906; secured 400
433; staple 1906; secured 46@47.
Australian secured basis spot prices
combing superfine H@75; good $50
70; average 65@67.
The Billings gazette. [volume] (Billings, Mont.) 1896-1919, 1901-08-02
SUCKERS DIDN'T BITE
PHILLIPS & COMPANY RE-
CEIvED NO LETTERS
Containing Subscriptions to Two
Million Dollar Grain
Pool.

New York, July 31-The Herald
prints the following concerning the
movements of the person or persons
whose alleged attempt to organize a
grain pool has attracted the atten-
ton of Geo. H. Phillips and the pos
tai authorities:
"a young man applied Thursday to
John l.. Coady, of No. 6 Wall street
for desk room. He gave the name Of
Phillips and said that he had come
from Manila, Canada West, as a repre-
sentative of a large manufacturing
firm. Being a stranger in the city he
could give nj references, but paid
Mr.. Coady SIS for a months rent in
advance.
"He brought nothing with him and
Mr.. Coady has not seen him since.
People called frequently for Phillips
mail, saying that he was ill at the
Grand Union hotel, but no mail came
for him and no such man is known at
the Grand Union.
"a package of stationery came c.
o. D. for Phillips, but was sent back
by the same boy"
According to George E. Phillips of
Chicago, the persons attempting to
organize the $4,000 900 pool in Sep
TENDER corn sent out circulars under
the title of Phillips & Co., bankers
| and brokers, No. 6 Wall street."
The Billings gazette. [volume] (Billings, Mont.) 1896-1919, 1901-08-02
TOTAL IS. I5,344,4 58
The Increase Amounts to 2 1-2 Per
Cent Over Last Years
Valuation.

Helena, July 30-The state board
Of equalization this afternoon determ.
ined upon railroad assessment, which
it raised 2k per cent over last year,
the total being SIS, 344,485. The North
ern Pacific main line was fixed at
$5,945 per mile. Great Northern, $5,-
432. so; Montana Central, $7,687.50;
Oregon Short Line, $6,662; Burlington
$3,5S7 and Butte, Anaconda & Pacific
$4,000. There are 1888 miles Of
road in the state.
The Billings gazette. [volume] (Billings, Mont.) 1896-1919, 1901-08-02

this city. as the n now in progress
at San Francisco is to trade there, is
imminent in Seattle. The men say
the reason for a strike is that the
Metal Trades association will not al
low their former employees to return
to work on any kind of a reasonable
basis, and have simply done this to
destroy the benefits of unionism.
The Billings gazette. [volume] (Billings, Mont.) 1896-1919, 1901-08-02
VENEZUELAN UPRISING HAS
ENTIRELY COLLAPSED.
WARsAIP MAY Be SENT
to Unsettled Condition Of
Affairs in Two South
American Republics.

Willemstad, Island of Curaco, July
31-Dr. Ragel Girdiras, at the head
of 5000 men, has revolted against
Castro Of Venezuela. The
situation is grave, and other out
breaks are feared. The whole IL
try is ready to rise against President
Castro. Constitutional guarantees
have been suspended and complica-
lions with Colombia is feared.
Washington, July 31-Senor Pulido,
the Venezuelan charge, this afternoon
received a message from Gonzales,
the Venezuelan consul general at New
York. stating that the revolutionary
movement, headed by Dr.. Ragel Cir
diras, has entirely collapsed.
Up to the hour when the depart
ments closed today the state depart
ment had not called on the navy de
partment for a ship to go into Vene-
zuelan waters. In view of the serious
condition of affairs there, and the I'M
settled condition in the neighboring
republic Of Colombia, it is not I'm
probable that an American var ship
will be sent to the Ger of trouble
for the protection Of American inter
ests. If a. ship is called for some
difficulty might be experienced in
finding a suitable vessel for the mis-
sion. About the only ship available
at this time is the small gunboat
Machias, fitting at the Boston navy
yard. That vessel, however, would
not be ready to sail for about 10 days
There is not a single American wal
ship in southern waters. In cas- Of
extreme urgency, one of the battle
ships now in commission, Of course
could be sent.
The Billings gazette. [volume] (Billings, Mont.) 1896-1919, 1901-08-02
RUM0RS FILL THE Air
STEEL STRIKE SETTLEMENT
AT STAND STILL.
But as Neither Side Will Make
Anything Public All Is
Conjecture.

Pittsburg, July 31-The second
day of the Amalgamated association
executive boards deliberation was
notable for the many rumors in cir
dearth Of results. The absence of
three of the principal members of
the board from the scenes, today,
gave rise to the story that the mem
bers were divided in their ideas of
the peace proposals and that in oruer
to satisfy all, Secretary Williams had
been sent to New York to seek modi-
fications at the hands Of Messrs. Nor
gan and Schwab, while Assistant Sec
rotary Timhea and Trustee Morgan
had received a commission to visit
Senator Hanna to secure his aid in
bringing about an amicable arrange
ment. Nothing tangible could be
learned concerning the supposed trips
and all talk in relation to them must
remain merely conjecture until the
return of these members. Orders
were ISSUED that reporters should not
be admitted to the building during
the sessions of the board. The con
dition of affairs tonight may be
sumed up in this paragraph:
The Steel workers strike against
the United States Steel corporation
is still unsettled. The status of the
contest is unchanged, the men are
fighting for every advantage while
the companies involved are strength
ening their positions as much as pos
sible. The conference of the mem
bers of the general executive commit
tee of the Amalgamated association
which was expected to settle the
treble n way or the other today,
adjourned at 6 o'clock without &C
complishing this purpose.
One who claimed to be among the
| oldest members of the Amalgamated
association and who has passed
through no less than four great
strikes, said he hoped the strike
would not be settled on the terms Of
fered. He wanted the issue fought
to a finish now. He said that there
was no use in temporarizing in this
matter and if a settlement was made
now it would only mean that it would
have to be fought all over again al
some future time. While. this strik
er spoke u~nof1cially, he seemed wei
posted on the situation and gave whai
appeared to be the best evidence Of
the cause of the holding up Of the set
Element at this time.
Confidence raj felt in some circles
today that the strike would eventu
ally be settled on the propositions
made by Morgan. Officials of The
Steel companies, who have been act
ing for the United States Steel cor
poration IN the matter .appar
emily hopeful and light hearted. Tht
delays in the settlement r fully I'm
derstood by Morgan representatives
and while all maintain the strictes
silence regarding the matter they arr
not able to conceal their feeling o
contentment and satisfaction at tn,
way things are going. One Of thes'
oflcials remarked to q fri2nd toda!
| that IL the strike was not settled b,
would be mqse than surprised.
The Billings gazette. [volume] (Billings, Mont.) 1896-1919, 1901-08-02
in POOR HEALTH.
Admiral Kimberly Asks to Be Excus
ed From schley Court.

Washington, July 3O-A letter has
been received at the navy department
from Admiral Kimberly, asking to be
excused from the Schley court of in
quiry on account Of the state of his
health. The admiral is understood
to be suffering from heart trouble.
The application will be placed in the
hands of Secretary Long who will dis
pose of the matter from his home in
Higham Mass.
The Billings gazette. [volume] (Billings, Mont.) 1896-1919, 1901-08-02
Sick Headache

Absolutely and permanently cured by
using Moki Tea. A pleasant herb
drink. Cures constipation and indi-
gestion, makes you eat, sleep, work
and happy. Satisfaction guaranteed or
money back. Is cts. and SO cts. For
sale by Chapple Drug Co.
The Billings gazette. [volume] (Billings, Mont.) 1896-1919, 1901-08-02
Family Burned Is Death.

New York, uJly 31-James Mccoy
and his children, William, aged 16
and Edna, aged Ia, were burned to
death today in a fire in their home
in Brooklyn. The mother is probably
fatally hurt by falling from a window.
The Billings gazette. [volume] (Billings, Mont.) 1896-1919, 1901-08-02
Splitting Blood

used to
cough q great
deal and spit
blood, and
my neighbors
in Day n,
Ohio, where
II live, said
among them
selves that /
b a d CO
sumption, al
though they
did not tell
me SO to my
fnno eEor Ena~
The Billings gazette. [volume] (Billings, Mont.) 1896-1919, 1901-08-02
UNDER STATE SUPERVISION.

Pays q per cent on savings depos.
its. interest compounded quarterly.
Pays 6 FER cent on time certificates
of deposit, not subject to check.
Issues savings certificates on bu1ld-
ing and loan plan with definite time
of maturity and definite payments.
Loans money on real estate to be
repaid on monthly installments rum
ming from one to ten years, to suit
borrower.
The Billings gazette. [volume] (Billings, Mont.) 1896-1919, 1901-08-02
Trustees.

Trustees.
Lee Mantle, president; Chas.
schatzlein, viee-president; Frank W.
Haskins, treasurer; A. B. Clements,
secretary, Charles R. Leonard, ..
Aug. Heinze, Henry Mueller, James II.
Monteath.
The Ellensburg dawn. [volume] (Ellensburg, Wash.) 1898-1914, 1901-07-27
New Market Report.

A spokane editor who prepared
the annexed market report had a
happy conception of life and good
tab Oh things as they are:
Young men, unsteady; girls live
!y and in good demand ; coffee, con-
siderably mixed; fresh fish, active
and slippery; eggs, quiet but will
probably open in few days; whis.
ky, steadily going down; onions,
strong and rising; boots AID shoea,
all soled and steadily going up and
down; hats and caps not so high as
last fall; money, close enough to
get hold Of; feathers, light, butter.
growing stronger every day; advice
good but not in demand.-Paha
Hub.