The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1901-05-18
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} Non Members, Ffance HaHHalf :.
N'.,.ssse-1s II tt,t.ys little AeyiaA44
Uhions Are fragreseins-1n A..tria
tAt2Un.oa. seear<@ the ai1ht. Of
tshef r. Hat, &; !, j. :::3 23, x; c:
1Hes1as Shad, p,ae.li In my:hkaas re-.
Gently q large Anot1nt OF informa tion
concerning trades-anionism, In Europe
I have thought 1T desirable to place
SOME abstracts before the readers Of
the JJo.!!rrnal. says Henry N, Ja1nes Ii.
the Typosraph,dal journal: In. Europe;
az in the United states, labor. rnniona
have in some cases become important
factors IN Politics and ipthe stFfnuasanl Y.
life generally: They are here to stay.
Some countries haze been omitted in
this compilation, statistics being too
utd to be- OF practical service. or because
9 Ct. t. !s in them may be
said to pc nonzexistent. Where .unions
do not exist. their places are filled by
guilds or similar trade corporations OF
by the ,cartel :sys tem, as In: Russia:
i: :~ s':: :, AUsfRIIA;|:#', y
Professionalism and social democ-
racy aresy=praetieally interchangeable
terms in Aqstria.. Ninety pei, cent Of
the members 81 trades-unions may be
ranked as social democratic The latter
have no less than a political ana .
i, trade papers at--their command. The
Gerrman-speaking Austrians have. 1899
unions, &: with 100000 mem bers; the
Czechs have $50 untbns with $1,000 mem
berS;; tie other paetilfe9n|aslltttla{s show con
bly, less. ~.--,. =; ~. =
On the whole unions have done much
for the workman: They have 'gaine:1
for him the right to vote, they have
compelled the =. government to deal
equitably with the labor organizations,
and they haze improved in great meas
IRE, the material condition Of the work.
c's IN he way OF better MaSes and
shorter Working hours: j; ;.
There has beer Of late 2 PRONOUNCED
tendency to striking B, but il has been Of
benefit to the men and has placed pro
excessive ideas in heads that formerly
ara not dream Of SUI Oh things. The tend
fnlsY :referrrSd to has been largely at
tr1pnted to the discomfort Of the social
democrats with ext sting conditions ana
the cons tant endeal or to securesa bet
terment Of their sthte.i A., -:
: In 1888 there were 25s strikes, inyolv-
ling 1868 strikers, who lost $53, ets work:
!: ing days Among the 'printefs~ there
We're six strikes aft ctin l2Q men. Tile
strikes were nearly ali Of short dura
an.Ihe causes for the strikes among
the printers were for increase Of wages
for discharge of-~obnoxious foreman
against discharge Of employees and
against. obnoxious rules: Three sue.
ceeded, two Succeeded partly, and one
failed. The most. frequent cause OF
strikes was the demand fer more l@r money
next In Importance be reduced hours Of
labor. Of the number of Strikes report
ed e s4 9s}3si{ 49, partly saeessasa
The Vienna Printers Society, the
largest branch of the Austrian Printers
Union. containe asp', It 1920 members
ins}halas Commentators, REsssmsn l. and
=..z ni ii 1 q s.. : :s.,.
{ It has -Peen' l0ng known. that Relglal
workmep receive miserable wages, thai
they are Nigh, ,inderpaid when comnpparr:
ison~ Is made With the Vases paid, K
American, and English " WorkipEinep
and So it has come about Mat the Bel:
gian has realized the good that there is
in trades-uniQns. Unions have beer
! formed with the customary obtects-tht
! improvement Of the workmans condi
ti6n the shortening Of hours "a and IL:
increasing Of wages: In these effort:
they have bssn. assisted ffFEeatly~by tn
socialist members Of the chamber O.
deput tes..s Each year secs some import
ant advance It was through the work
+ tngmen that a ministry Of labor va!
added to the cabinet. ~ ""'''> '''
The Belgian Workman bel iieyess tina
he can a. much by parllmen ttsary meth
DDS, md to this: end aims constantly t
return men who witt represent Hin AM
not, otl1srs. In this ne is::succseding
and his ..object-lesson IS worthy Of at
tentten3 and emulation: III 'sr3 =.
Not .hsylnt run lte tllt.ep Of the mum
bAts spf Antopli IA 5tha1 eevhtfy Ian, com
psiled % fali baek ~ Z report eohSotn
Linz 1hanhu xAata, o,,eA or6aalsa&ianAA 90,
stronger than Ia Any other part of nj
sttinn. 4Aere- are HI that" town So union
with over lz,Qao::s t,zy5
The Danish unipns NUMBER, 1856, witt
an Aggregate, mtlssmherspip of 9e, $3.50
and 50 central federaattpna, l,l5d union
being affillated. The remaining 40 un
ions are denendent : local societies
There is also general federation, deal
ling with all trades, tia :tod.arwfkieh 1914. un
ions, with. q tQtal t11ambership of s2,14l
are affiliated. In the printing, pape
ana aEr1fsdd trades there are 81 unions
], With 422554 .H1sqphersv T. "is estimate.
that so fan AZ concerns the workpeopl
temployed in Industry and handicraf
rather more thap three out of four men
and nearly one woman II four, ar
mebers ofiunlons. while in some trade
fully IS per cent Of all the warkRe9pl
are ''*aH 91e FRANCE. !
In RESTLESS FRANCS the number Of un
ions, ana iconseahently Of unionists
grows apace. The number q trades-un
ions was in 1889, according to the AN
nuaire.. des4.I sXndtcats- PROFESSIONALS
before,) ana their Total membershi
492,e7 (ap compared with 41S, 7s1) "a
increase rs 1s7 Tt ths number q ard i,