The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1901-11-10


out OF the way before any advance can be
made In the discussion OF the theme; the
distinction. namely, between Democracy
as an instrument Of government. and De-
mocraoy as an instrument, like religion
Of social regeneration and the furtherance
OF morality In the broadcast sense OF that
term. For IL Is evident that. II the progress
of morality and Of social justice be the end
Of all political and social institutions; IL II
I've In this progress Of social morality that
all progress In civilization consists. all
else being but means and temporary scaf-
folding TO tina end-if this be true. II is
evident that, however unsatisfactory
Democracy may be In many ways as an
instrument Of government, II viii still
ave 10 be upheld II II be absolutely essen
tial to the furtherance OF that social morality
by which, In the last resort. all forms OF
government must submit TO be judged.
The question, then, to he first determined
Is whether Democracy Is absolutely essen
tial TO the progress Of morality among the
great masses of men. VIII no other form
Of government answer as well for this
purpose, and II not, why notf
II.
Mr.. Crozier comedies that this inquiry
requires come bordering. for, inasmuch
as Democracy Is Of recent growth In the
great States Of the world. and these States
had previously made great strides In social
morality, It may be asked not unreason-
ably why they absolutely need a Democ-
racy for the further evolution OF their
social morality in the future. No form OF
government. 1t will be said. In an end In
itself. All forms Of government are but
means; some are better adapted TO one
people and one stage OF society, Others
20 another; here despotism, there limited
monarchy. and there, again, military rule
Neither Is the same form OF government
equally adapted TO the same society at
different stages and periods Of It's develop
ment: a Democracy, for example. which
would be best In peaceful times being out
Of plaoe in a purely warlike %age-and so on.
Mr.. Crozier acknowledges that all this Is
true, and that without doubt social morality
will advance in the future, as II has done
in the past, whatever the form Of govern
ment that this or that State may adopt.
The admission Is qualified, however, by
the assertion that only of the world in gen.
eral can this be said; Il cannot be said OF
any particular State. The world. we may
be sure, will get its own somewhere and
somehow, but, il a particular nation Is TO
attain to It's highest plane OF social prog
ress. our author Is convinced that, In
the twentieth century at least, the plane
must be attained through Democratic
forms. The reason he gives for this as
sertion is that, as he endeavored 10 show
in his earlier work on Civilization and
Progress there can be no advance In
social morality-that Is TO say, in justice
between class and class, In equal oppor-
~tunities for persons Of all classes. n in
the elevation OF the deals Of the nation
as q whole-until the effective powers Of
the different classes In the State are nearly
eoualized: this can only be done In peaceful
times by the franchise. that Ia to say by a
government democr ratio In form, The
reason given by our author IN his earlier
work for morality. thus defined. not being
able TO advance until material n social
conditions were more or less . rualized,
was this-that when the powers of d 9ferent
classes are unequal. the relation Of those
Glasses TO each other are regulated by the
law OF might. but. when th"y become moro
nearly equal, they are regulated by the
law of reason and Of right.
IN N CDutltTN N Etrcia' fhcV "hV
the Emperor is so strongly intrenched in
law and public opinion that he can do h
he chooses, he can hold the balance even,
a. 1t were. between the people and the
nobility: and 80. 10y artifcially equalizing
the powers. can partially ecure an equality
Of rights 70 the great mass OF the people
relatively to the mobiles. their natural OPP
pre-sors, ever although all alike are sub
iect 10 the Cars will. In no other Euro
pean State. however. il either King or En-
peror 50 firmly seated h a he can dare TO
intervene TO alter and unsettle the relations
existing between the different GLASSES Of
his people, and so. II the people anywhere
are 20 achieve an equality OF rights for
themselves, they must get the necessary
equality OF power 10y their own efforts,
Nov, without q civil war. this can be done
only through the suffrage, that IL To say
through the form ~ a democracy. or. az In
England. through . government which
IL monarchical only In name, but In, po-
hticaIly speaking. democratic In essence
and spint. MIR CroNer maintained that we
may 60 further. and say that, nov that
zklll.d wage-earn-rr are ~evorywhere oaas-
ing 20 u the mere tools Of the industrial
world working for sases which oen L. put
w OF down at the caprice II the employer.
nov that thso AIs gradually coming "a lie
r~rpgninrd. though slowly, ~ cO-partnsrs
Ia the world ~ industry NOT % IL bought
of sold 81 a market rate. like gpods and
olAtLrb. hat wlth a first lien on the prod
yet II all Industrial ent"Tpnsa ~hAtso-
oyof nov that he pfuoe-s q otnAnniI@tipn
q the w~orkiEgman has tngun. DemnaTsoy
mt4ri d. IA. fJun e government Ia all
masisrn stats until las aman"pau"G 4
contaminated. whatever difficulties 90
dangers may attend OUf Authof syur
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