The sun., 1901-11-26
SECRETARY WILSON'S REPORT
EFFECT OF ANIMAL INsPEOTION
on OUR EXPORT TRADE.
During the Year Exports or Animals ana
Their Products Exceeded 10000.
600 In Nalue-Durezu OF Plant
Industry Importance OF irrigation.

600 In VaIue-BureAu Of Plant
Industry Importance Of irrigation.
WASHINGTON, Nov. 25-A large part Of
tho annual report Of the Hon. James Wilson,
Secretary OF Agriculture, Is on the subject
Of animal industry. He says thatthe grand
total of animals and animal products
exported during the year exceeded $780,
600 600 In value. This vast foreign mar
ket is only preserved 20 our producers
by the indefatigable Efforts Of the Depart
ment and the rigid inspection exercised
through the Bureau Of Animal Industry
This bureau inspected for export ssS,oo0
cattle, 22s,O0o sheep, and 5000 horses
and mules. and nearly 1000 vessels carry
ing live stock. Imported animals were
also inspected 70 the number OF $4,000,
and, where necessary, quarantined. The
Secretary suggests that with the enormous
interests our stocltraisers have at stake,
and inspection or quarantine ahording,
after all. a relative, not an absolute guar
antee of protection, II might be well for
this country TO follow the example OF Great
Britain and exclude live stock from other
countries entirely.
The meat inspection service involved
the inspection at time OF slaughter OF nearly
37,OOO0OO animals. OF the more than
100000 cattle inspected, the condemned
carcasses were about One-fourth OF l
per cent. of the 6.JO0O00 sheep, one-tenth
of per cent. and Of 24,OOO,cO0 hogs, one
third Of per cent. In the control OF in
digenous diseases, 100000 inspections
were made and over 5000 cars disinfected
In the Texas fever service alone.
The Secretary points out the serious
evil resulting from a system Of State in
spection which, il it became general, would
effectually prevent the marketing Of live
stock in some sections and would destroy
much of the usefulness Of the Federal
inspection. He regards the present con-
ditions as 20 monacing to the interests
of the cattle industry in the West and
Southwest that he has requested the At
torney General TO cooperate In bringing
the matter before the Supreme Court for
decision as to the Constitutionality Of these
State laws. This request has been favor
ably received and the assistance OF the
Department of Justice promised.
fhe organization Of the Bureau OF Plant
Industry Is reported. 1t has brought to-
gether In one group Investigations in plant
physiology ana pathology, botany, grasses
and forage plants, ponology and the ex-
perimentll gardens and grounds, including
the experimental farm at Arlington and the
introduction OF foreign seeds and plants.
Investigations in plant physiology and
pathology have been lately devoted 20
the study Of cotton diseases diseases OF
orchard fruits and Of forest trees and con-
struction timber. An Interesting discovery
10 cotton growers IS reported OF a cowpea
resistant 70 the fungus that destroys the
cotton roots. The cowpea being used
in rotation with cotton, the securing a
resistant cowpea will be Of the greatest
possible value to cotton growers he
markable success Is reported in expert
ments in plant breeding TO secure samples
Of cotton resistant TO wilt and other dis
eases Numerous valuable hybrids have
also been developed One from an Ameri-
can up'and cotton and an Egyptian variety
promises TO be greatly superior TO either
parent The Department has been for
several years trying TO secure by breeding
race OF oranges resistant TO frost. A
cross OF hardy Japanese with the Florida
sweet orange has resulted In the hardest
evergreen orange known, and there Is
promise OF ultimately securing fruit both
hardy and OF good quality. Considerable
success has also been attained in breeding
raisin grapes resistant 70 the disease known
as 'coulure
In botanical Investigations important
work has been done on seeds, improve
ment Of crops, and methods OF crop pro-
duction Ia our tropical poesessions. and
from eating poisonous plants.
The Secretary asserts that much loss
has resulted TO the cattle industry In the
West In recent years owing 10 the injudi-
cious management Of ranges The Depart
ment = experiments show that much could
be done. under proper control, 70 restore
the ranges 20 their original condition, and
he recommends action 10y Congress, giving
the President authority % secure for the
erperimental needs Of his Department
4 - f.ttllfe - "a Ia apdg uz la
necessary
The report SAYS that the introduction
Of valuable seeds and plants from abroad
have been attended, with most satisfactory
results. The Development Of the rice
industry in Louisiana and Texas since
the Introduction 10y the Department of the
Japanesa rior during the pact three yaafs,
has been remarkable Al The same TINS
our iInp0rts ui tAis product have decreased
from I5l.OJO.OD o. 7a.ODO.yO pounds Tho
United Slat.s impIrts yearly nearly $50 90
worth oi macaToui. AlafafJni ~haats have
hsan iutroduo"d ih the past Two yuaTu very
eilO,..-- fully mt tlr DsiA Jts,s and alsJ iutO
khus.s and Ntyi .l,i.a. Fully w por cent
at the dats pali.a intruduo.d Ia foount
years from AinDa arc EoS growing NlEor-
olnly n AIEaua aud nputlrru tali oruia.
1llls ysaf a coolest .tluu ul lAr ohJloust Nan.
tlss M lgyIH have uunu uhttluDI Progress
ls reported lu thr lutfuulH.lIu ~ LgS ptian
outiou lhr lupYrtH ut tale pf.durt uos
amount t1 about g. .tn.wS yualy
tho e.H'u.iaff 4rNHI.r "a Ffual drsl ~
sfanr q. "a ui- .laalYu pt ifuEalIn lnNusu-
/. .ifIlfr IIs.rr lIHfu tHHru conducted
0lf1ugH tlr UIiIUv ul taIsflliT.i htati InH.
AI4I suluFaHr NI riu,llun ui uusailun Las
sisd u.r rs.aI au4 l.i4.Iua ulaiituiluia
q ti.s mr,.l.l. uy sL.Uh eatoi !. 100.
IAtd ula.U.a..a aul aHii
AtlrHH.H b. N.n. ..l lI iuu Ffurih =
HusaliaH m u.H iH.H4I fHs.fis. ai.l 'i'o