davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1901-06-06
TWO MASKED ROBBERS BEAT
MAN TO DEATH, AND ESCAPE

struggled TO est free. The robbers
Kicked him in the stomach and
lead. and hit him on the head with
e heavy pitcher They became
frightened AT their deeds, and tried
10 revive him Ly pouring water on
bis face, but h was dead. Finally
they fed
The woman freed herself and gave
the alarm. There ia no clues 10 the
murdarera.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1901-06-06
81. PAUL OVERDUE.

Ssnsrnus Inquiries ara being
- q the once Of the harbor
rzrw for Information concerning
y skerwahouts % TIRE steamer st.
al Row two days overdue frcm
h Francisco.
~ tks otrscs Of the Empire Trans
E-zti1n Co. agents for tbs boat.
xss ascsrfained. that no alarm ts
= trr her. the strong wtnds blow
= fom tbs northwest having. IL Is
A1x1f- inpefsd her progrezs. -hs
: hzl Il Advertised TO sail on SAT-
ray for Nome-
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1901-06-06
IAyLICK
| BURGLARY
ks)isnce OF ]. G. Barnes
Entered Last Evening.

=. -...sence 81 J. q. narnes, cos-
Z IAkeview and helieXiew ave-
wss robbed shortly before 6
~ asst evening. Although the
- secured no money. q guam
- vafizbIe articles were stolen
4. skievas evidently catered the
~ ne Kitchen door IN the
4 4 he Building. The family
sxxy wnen the work was done.
- he articles taken we're two
[-.r ornausentA clocks. a pearl
q -. handled pen. a vRlsse and n
Il <.xer triukets. A suit - almost
"A rlrthsnw and several books %
T. ar ccnmutatioa tickets were
N zssr.
n. relics are working on the case.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1901-06-06
KEEPS DEATHLy
PROMISE

ST. LOUIS. June IA compact
made years ago by two school girls
was fully carried out yesterday aft
ernoon, when Mrs. Ella Rurch end
ed her life by taking carbolie acid
In the presence o her husband
The agreement was made between
Lena Mertz and Nellie Baker that
they should end their lives when the
future looked dark.
Both married. the former to Au-
gust Seidel. scion OF a wealthy fam
ily. seidel drank and the couple
separated. The wife took carbotlc
acid a few weeks ago.
Since the suicide Of her former
friend. Mrs. Burch had been down
cast.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1901-06-06

CANTON, o. June g.-christian
stahl. AZ, unmarried, was murdered
by two unknown masked men at bis
farm house, near Navarro. Tie iiY-
ed with an unmarried sister, and
was reputed 10 have money In hla
house. A rap ~ the door was an
swered.
Two masked men forced entrance.
They demanded supper and cash.
They tied their victims. Stahl
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1901-06-06
PULLS TRIGGER WITH TOES

the trigger with his toes. fifs head
VAS blown nearly from ia ioiv.
The tragedy has created ininnfs
excitement In the region q Macon
ia miles from which town tie crime
vas committed The Stacey n ma ~
Vas prominent. wealthy anf well
connected Etaeeys home life had
afways been most pleasant
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1901-06-06
SOLEMN

VIENNA. June Corpus christi
Thursday. a Roman Catholic esias
hratiou. vas aaiemnfEed here today
A procession ONE mile ionE lnrlud-
tnz Emperor Joseph. ~ HfchdukeN
and the archbishop - Vienna. pro-
ee9desi through the city to the aitaFs
At street corners. where mass va
azii Thousands ~ psoris iinsf The
streets AL frafiice was HuHpt ode 1.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1901-06-06
SAILINGS TODAY

Eaiiinrs for today ere advertised
as follows: city 81 Topeka Tor Hkag
way and pyca. leave ocean dock at
2 =. VA
D0lphln Tor Ekagway and inter
mediate ports; leaves tehwahachsf
dock AT , p. ~.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1901-06-06
BAD FORTUNE
PURSUES THEM

Henry Walters was arrested by
Ofiicer Tom Brown last evening as a
suspioionable character lie is sup
posed 60 be implicated in a robbery
that recently occurred.
Dora Stevenson. a disorderly per-
son, was taken into custody last
evening by officer Hubbard.
Peter Crusin was piolssd up In the
lower part Of the city last night by
Ofaeer Mayou. He 10 thought to be
insane.
NJ. Cain was arrested last night by
Officer Mayou for carrying conceal
ed weapons.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1901-06-06
Dead at 100 Years.

OLYMPIA, June 0.--samuei n.
French, estimated Go be 100 years
old, is dead ut his home In this city.
He was the oldest man I'm the state
OF Washington, and probably the
coast. -. -,-.-.-..
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1901-06-06

whom the board refused TO re-eleet.
be allowed 70 deliver them. When
Carnagy appeared at the exercises
he wos cheered 20 the echo, aud pre-
scented with gold X. Of =. badge.
After the exerciHea, 200 students
surrounded May and John stobn,
two members ~ the board, and
jeercd and hooted them.
CarnaRy presented the diplomas at
the alumni reception afterWard.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1901-06-06
IN PRIVATE

1AAII4A. Jan s.-Gen- Chaffea
e ashore today and conferred IN
-lt4is with Cen Macarthur con-
Ing the military situation ia tho
nsnD5;nss.
- Cha1se will succeed Gen.
s<AThur ~ soon as civil govern
1snt d inauRurafed.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1901-06-06
HERE ON BUSINESS

SIR. J u. walker. publisher ~ the
Tfhdeaman a Commercial Record u
n Seattle today on business. Af.
walker. who made many friends IN
Western Washington while connect
81 with the Tacoma Evening News
hs advertising manager. - now
rrominsnt IN Portland. Or. huHi-
ness circles
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1901-06-06
MILL EMPLOYEES
GIVE SYMPATHY

Resolved. That the Puget sound
Lumber Mil Employees union here.
by extend our heartiest sympathy TO
our brothers Of the MachiniHts
union in their strike for e-h6ur
work day. and pledge our support to
the full extent Of our ability"
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1901-06-06

ST. LOUIS. Mo. June s-James
Stacey. 81. engineer. while temper
arliy insane from oxerwork asf IN
somnia. killed his wife ana iS-yrar-
Old daughter ~ striking them en TIE
temples wlth u heavy clock weiEht.
lie then placed ths rzux<ia 81 n had-
"a shot gun In hia mouth and pulled
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1901-06-06
% HIGH SCHOOL BOYS IN LIMBO
FOR KICKING UP A RIOT.

eoLUMBUs. Ind, June e.-Forty.
~ students o. the Columbus High
80 were arrested By the town
'hal' charged with rioting. The
ElAl commencement exercises had
nsld the night previous, and
stedents refused % accept d.
~.4s from Vim. May. n school
s.g.4 member. The scholars had
80 That Supt. j. A. Carnagy,
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1901-06-06
SHOOK HIM, AND BLOOD
GUSHED FROM HIS MOUTH
Nal Arthur. u. a.. Dies Strangely in Chair In hots!
oHfee-hight Clark vsinly Tried to Wsken
the Officer.

CLEVELAND o.
A. Arthur. chief Of the brotherhood 81 Loco
wedden this
at
shook and attempted
blood sashed his mouth
like Of poisoning but
Ms watch
diamonds
a a raymaster n
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1901-06-06

The BalnbridRe. Peter Bauman.
master. put into port last night, and
today Shipping Commissioners r. =.
Dow paid on the crew. The vessel
left San Francisco Oct. 2. 1900. ana
since that time has touched overall
Of the principal ports os South Am
erica and also Hawaii
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1901-06-06
'LURID TRASH

srno e1eroy Groves ia literature
- rl~As death ha and stransed
@ared brother Melvin Tasu sons the barn.
Z -. Asnssli te death
4 IL Assv was found ia the ruins badly charred.
= Nv evidently intended hla aiva for
u s.rsed an the house.
s eve south awakened tse arc
|. grad the alarm.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1901-06-06

Next Sunday the steamer Cottage
City viii sail for sitka and ports en-
route. going via Victoria. Ketohikan.
Wranael. juneau. skaRway and
Uyea. She viii have on board the
FIRST exeursionists Of the season for
Muir Glacier.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1901-06-06
Boy M urderer.

SANTA IF. y NJ. June tie
cause she did not have his dinner
ready FOR him on the Instant. Mari
nua Quintanu. a Mexican boy. aged
10. shot and killed his younger sis
ter az san dcroaimo.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1901-06-06
Mrs. Ruhlen III.

Friends OF Mrs. Ruhien. wife
of Major Ruhlen, tlh local quar-
termaster. win be grieved 10 learn
Of the ladv's serious illness at her
residence, b02 Terry avenue.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1901-06-06
$4,000 In Smoke

.hlAH, Cal, June s.--Firo de-
= the entire business portion
NlhsftH. a town Is miles north
- here. Total property loss. $40. :
10 lives were lost,
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1901-06-06
WIPED OUT

FkNssyTLLE. Mich. June a.
~ business portion OF this city
- xipef out this morning By FIRE
s4'ca started IN Dickinson ware
is1&e The property ioss IL heavy.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1901-06-06
TROUBLE

hAFANAs June ss-Rsporta from
y hls o. Pines indicate disorder
-<FA but the nature Of the trouble
~ net been learned.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1901-06-06
WEATHER FORECAST.

Seattle and vicinity Tonight and
Friday. showers fresh south 20 vest
winds
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1901-06-06
$SO,OO0,OOO MORE!

the company for the purpose OF pur-
chasing the noston a Montana arm
thu Butte 4 Boston Mining ecmpan-
les.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1901-06-06
MRS. M'KINLEY POISONED

EksHrSGToN p. 1.-TWO noted microscopic making
McEineys blood Il understood that
indication 81 blood poisoning
rrs McKIneys condition today.
usf i very
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1901-06-06
Eve YOUR
| OLD BOOKS

N b sharp Barton. Of Green
La ) collecting books for the use
& - prisoners n the penitsutlsry
y W4lz4 WallA. Volumes can be
II ssr her az the star cfrco.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1901-06-06

rasEY CITY. ~. Y. June s.--Ths
rpsss1ssrs 81 the AmaiKAnastet
,pr~ CO. today voted an Increase
NJ - &c in the capital stock Of
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1901-06-06
SAILED

SYDNEY. Australia. June e.--Ths
Duke and Duchess of Cornwall sail.
I'd az noon for Auckland.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1901-06-06
FLAMES EAT 100000

ANTWERP.
this city was By Loss. noeomo.
the people the thiciiy settled dis
tact adjacent 10 of connagraon
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1901-06-06

~ sailing % the steamer Charles
i l'sne, which was advertised for
f,.'m.Ifew. has been postponed until
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1901-06-06
VERDICT p

s..nlcAGO. June s.--Ths taking Of
s~...1nohy IN the noted insurance.
TPlfacy case against DR.. UnRer.
.-sI,ald Brown and Frank Smiley
49, $3.50 today, and the addresses 70
MY we're begun.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1901-06-06

mi Only Paper in
! seattle That Dares
mint the News {:
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1901-06-06

PAY ONLY ONE CENT
A COpY-That's the Price
The Billings gazette. [volume] (Billings, Mont.) 1896-1919, 1901-03-29

Continued ON Fourth Page.
The Billings gazette. [volume] (Billings, Mont.) 1896-1919, 1901-03-29
NEBRASKA DEADLOCK COMES
TO ABRUPT END.
WILLARD AND DIETRICH
Election Made Possible Only by
Thompson Setting Pace
for Withdrawals.

Lincoln, March 28-A After a dead
lock of two and one-half months, the
republicans Of the Nebraska legislature
nominated J. H. Mlllard of Omaha
and Governor Chas H. Dietrich Of
Hastings for the long and short term,
respectively, in the United States
senate.
A joint session of the legislature
was held at noon and the caucus nomi-
nations were ratified and senator's
elected, each receiving 70 votes. Mil
lard will succeed Thurston, while Diet
rich is successor of the late Senator,
HAYWARD.
Repeated caucuses and daily bal
lot for two months and half tells the
story of the struggle for the two va
can't seats Of Nebraska in the United
States senate. When the republican
caucus adjourned late last night the
deadlock was apparently as firm as,
ever. On reassemb bling this morning
the men who had probably prevented
the nomination several days ago of D.
E. Thompson began coming over to
Crounse, but could not muster enough
votes to reach any solution Of the diff
Guilty. Thompson finally arose and
announced his decision to withdraw
from the contest for the short term
and suggested that his followers take
up Governor Dietrich. Immediately
Edward Rosewater of Omaha, candi-
date for the long term, announced his
withdrawal and suggested to his fol-
lowing the name Of Millard. Meikle-
john also withdrew. Two ballots were
then taken. On the first Governor
Dietrich received 81 votes and his
nomination was made unanimous.
Crounse received 35 and Millard 80.
When the second ballot was half fin
ished several changes were made to
Millard and when Crounse finally
withdrew before completion of the
vote, Millard's nomination was de-
clared unanimous.
The Billings gazette. [volume] (Billings, Mont.) 1896-1919, 1901-03-29
LINERS CLOSE CALL
Ocean Steamer Has Extraordinary
Escape from Destruction
by Storm.

Plymouth, March 2S-The Ham
burg American line steamship Graf
Waldersee, commanded by Captain E.
Kopff and carrying over 100 cabin pas
sengers for this point, Cherbourg and
Hamburg from New York, arrived
here this evening with heavy list to
star board.
The vessel had an extraordinary es-
cape, having faced hurricane from
the 18th to the 23nd instant, during
which at times she was nearly on her
beam ends. Immense seas boarded the
liner, finding their way below and do
ing considerable damage. Many of
the deck fittings were demolished,
several members of the crew were in
jured and portion of the cargo
shifted,
The Billings gazette. [volume] (Billings, Mont.) 1896-1919, 1901-03-29
HIS STATUS NOT DECIDED.
Military and Civil Law Quoted Which
May Be Applicable to Him.

Washington, March 28-The war de-
partment has not had time as yet to
consider the exact status Of Aguinaldo.
whether he is to be tried, and what
punishment, if any, is to be melted out
to him. But there are certain general
principles which are said to be clearly
established and the first question
asked was as to whether Aguinaldo is
to be tried as military or as civil
offender. If he is regarded as having
committed reasonable acts, or foment-
ed an insurrection against the United
States, then the trial would be of a
civil character, for these are political
offenses against the authority of the
United States government and are not
offenses under the articles of war to
be tried by court martial or military
commission.
It is hardly expected that the rig
orous procedure for treason would be
adopted. If it should be, section 5332
of the revised statutes provides that
every person guilty of treason shall
suffer death, or, at the discretion Of
the court, shall be imprisoned at hard
labor for not less than five years, and
fined not less than $4,000.
Another section provides for melting
insurrection, short of actual treason,
and specifies the punishment as fol-
lows: Every person who incites,
sets on foot, assists, or engages in any
or insurreotion against the
authority of the United States shall
be punished by imprisonment not more
than ten years or by a fine of not more
than $4,000, or by both"
The foregoing, however, are politi-
The Billings gazette. [volume] (Billings, Mont.) 1896-1919, 1901-03-29

OFFICIAL ACCOUNT BY MACARTHUR.
The Billings gazette. [volume] (Billings, Mont.) 1896-1919, 1901-03-29
WRONG PARTIALLY R1GHTED.
Caleb Powers and James Howard Granted
New Trials

Frankfort, March 28-The court of
appeals today granted new trials to
Caleb Powers and James Howard,
sentenced in the lower court to life
imprisonment and death, respectively,
in connection with the shooting Of
Goebel. In the Howard case the en-
tire court concurred, but in the Pow
ers decision Hobson, Painter and White
dissented.
The Billings gazette. [volume] (Billings, Mont.) 1896-1919, 1901-03-29
|ACU|NAL DO
| is PRISONER
FUNSTON'S DARING PROJECT
SUCCESSFUL.
REBEL CHIEF At MANILA
Arrives On Gunboat Vicksburg in
Charge of His Dash
ing Captor.

Manila, March 28-General Fred
erick Funston's daring project for the
capture of Aguinaldo in his hiding
place in the province of Isabella,
island of Luzon, has proved completely
successful.
Aguinaldo was captured there
March %.
The United States gunboat Vicks-
burg, Commander E. B. Barry, with
General Funston and Aguinaldo on
board, arrived here this morning.
New-York tribune., 1901-02-10
PLAN TO HoUsE THE POOR IN NEW-TORK
Bill. AUTHORIZING CITY TO ACQUIRE PROPERTY
AND ERECT MODEL HOUSES TO BE
INTRODUCED.

The question of housing the poor IS just now
occupying the attention OF many cities both in the
United States and England The League for So
cial Service. No. To- East Twenty -second-st-. OF
which DR. Josiah Strong is president and Dr. VIII
lam H Tornan is secretary. Is taking active in
terest I'm this work
petition signed by prominent men OF this city
IS about be presented 10 the Legislature urging
that body 10 enact legislation which will result In
acquiring one block OF ground the East Side Of
Nevy-York 10 demonstrate the feasibility of build
ing model houses for the people The block OF
buildings. II is proposed, shall be owned by the
city and rented prices which will pay the legal
rate OF interest the investment and the cost Of
keeping the homes in first class condition The
plans embodied in the petition follows The
plans for such homes TO include the block as a
whole buildings be hreproof with every
modern Improvement that can be advantageously
used. and the city 20 be forever debarred from
renting any such property for the purpose OF sell
ing intoxicating liquors therein.
These recommendations are made in the belief
that they will furnish homes for the people who
otherwise would never have them: furnish employ
ment for mechanics laborers and tradesmen and
thereby benefit the whole community. and do way
with the present unsanitary tenement houses. which
are menace 90 life and health. - -.,.,.
Among the names Of the signers 90 this petition
the Rev. r. Heber Newton. the Rey Madison
Sork DC Insurance Compsny: j g Phelps stokes
DR. Josiah Strong. Miss Younger. OF the College
Bentley. No. 80 East one-hundred- and seventy
sixth,st & H. s No ;, 22 rNsb MeSt y nheII
ST: Robert Winston, Mornay Williams. Thomas A
In Connection With the housing Of the poor. the
building OF public bathhouses by municipalities 10
BrfaIo Is in ADVANCE OF many cities in the United
states in this field The second OF the pubic 20 bath IN,
public on January 2 This bathhouse Including the
,tdes twenty-nine baths, and has two apartments
one for and one for women The baths are
absolutely free including soap towel ana attend
New-York tribune., 1901-02-10

When brainy like David BelascO. the
brilliant adapter OF "Zaza.' the teacher OF its
leading actress, Mrs. Leslie Carter: the author
of season after seasons most successful plays.
The Heart Of Maryland" Hearts OF Oak etc:
the hardest worked and the ablest stage director
in America
When such wide awake manager Of his own
and other peoples affairs deliberately turns 70
Paine's celery compound as the one safe and
SIRE invigorator for his overwOrked nervous sys-
tenn. only willful preiudices can hesitate To give
fun credit 10 this greatest OF remedies.
Il have used Paine's celery compound" saws
Mr. Beasco. and found it Of great benefit after
hard work"
MI Brlasco has managed more actors who
have become famous and taken charge OF more
big theatres from san Francisco to New York
than any living person. He has seen time and
again members of the profession who We're
run down and on the verge of nervous ex-
haustiOn. gain in strength and vigOr as soon as
they began the use Of Paines celery compound.
theatrical people, a body have learned that
the best way to keep their nervous systems
strong and capable of doing the hard work de-
manded OF them is TO use Paines celery COM
New-York tribune., 1901-02-10
4 GIFT no WFLLESLEY COLLEGE.

Wellesley. Mass. Feb. tSpeciaD-At the winter
meeting Of the Wellesley College trustees held on
THURSDAY announcement made by President
Hazard OF a gift Of a library Of Italian literature
from George A. Pmpton. Of New-YOrI City, In
memory of his wife. Frances Taylor PlimptOn,
who died on December Mrs. Plimpton was
graduated from wellesley In 1854 and had been re-
Gently elected president Of the NewYork Wellesley
Club. This memorial library embraces the prin-
cpal authors OF Italy. from Dante and his
temporaries down to the present. and far y
possible composed of first editions In addition
the printed books the collection contains fifty
more manuscripts There four conditions at
tached to the gift-that suitable building be pro-
vided and that In suitable alcove OF the building
this library shall be kept intact. and that II shall
bear the name of The Frances Taylor Prnpton Lii
brary of Italian Literature: that the library shall
a all times be open to scholars. that il shall be
stipulated that certain volumes be taken
from the building. and that i'm each book subse-
quently purchased the book plate of Mrs. Plimpton
shall be inserted
In the last year Wellesley has been the recipient
of an unusual number OF gifts which came at a
most welcome time I'm the history of the college
John ID. Rockefeller's endowment of 100000 was
paid over I'm September, this gin having been con-
pleted by alumna efforts. In December the first
department endowment was received from an un-
named friend, $4,000 TO endow the work in Biblical
history and literature: also from another friend
$4,000 TO endow the Ktmball professorship of art.
and from friend the first 5000 toward a new gym
nasium. In January an endowment gift of SIS 600
was received from Hollis III. Hunnewell of Welles-
ley for the botany department and this chair will
be known as the Hunneweli professorship of bot
any by vote of the trustees. In honor of Mr. Hun
newes gift and his long continued interest in the
college.
ence building are now Wellesley's most urgent
needs.
New-York tribune., 1901-02-10
THE PRINT CLOTH MARKET.

Fall River Mass. Feb. (SpecaD.-The sales In
the print cloth market during the week amounted
10 between $1,000 and 5000 pieces. all odds. No
regulars were called for in that time. The weeks
sales small that II was scarcely possible
TO obtain estimate of the amount of business
transacted brokers not caring report such
small quantity was disposed of. The total Of the
January sales is the smallest In years. and the
outlook for further business is apparently
all promising The most hopeful features of the
situation the knowledge that buyers are IN
need of the finished goods and the hrmness of
manufacturers in maintaining the prices quoted
As cotton has again fallen In price " Is believed
that the weakness I'm the market conditions for the
raw material after the high prices of the squeeze
has affected the print cloth market. No authort-
tatve talk is heard the Street indicating
change in the plans OF manufacturers. although
the Selling Committee has the situation well In
hand being fully conversant with its demands and
Is prepared TO meet them when conditions call for
action. Regulars are held nrm ~ 3h csntA and