davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1901-02-28
Hahn,s Peak Railroad.

Denver, Colo, Feb. "a special 10 the
News from Cheyenne. Wye, says: The
Laramie, Hahn's Peak & Pacific Railway
company filed articles of Incorporation
here To-Day, with a capital stock OF Si0.4au.-
coo. The company Will construct a narrow
gauge railway southwest from Laramie
City. ninety-siX miles, tapping the Cen
tennial and Gold Hill mining districts of
Wyoming and North Park and the Ham S
Peak sections of Colorado The incOrpO-
ratOrs are Boston capitalists, Isaac Van
Horn being at the head, VI tn headquaf-
tiers at Laramie City The construction
of the road will be begun as soon as the
season permits
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1901-02-28
Yerkes Sells Street Car Lines.

Chicago. Feb. ZI-Charles T. Yerkes to-
day stepped down and out of the con-
trolling ownership and. mana cement of
the Northwestern Elevated, the Lake
Street Elevated and the Union Loop COM
panies, transferring his interests to east
ern capitalists. At the same time steps
datiOn under one management of all the
elevated traction systems in Chicago.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1901-02-28

ing. He then left the bridge, but re-
appeared in a few moments. He then
gave the first officer orders to heave
up. The captain, who had been up
and gone down again, did not give
the order to the first officer. The pilot
did that. The captain came up after
the anchor was hove up.
1t has been my experience in en-
tering the harbOr that the pilot issues
the orders, though I would not say
that such orders are absolute
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1901-02-28
ANOTHER VICTIM DIES.
Suceumbs to Wounds Inflicted by the
Danver -Fiend

Denver, Feb. 27.-Nrs. Josephine Inter
mahrer, one of the three women struck
down by heavy blow on the head last
Friday night on Capitol hill died this
afternoon IN St JOseph's hospital one
OF the others, Mrs. Mary short, died on
Saturday. The third victim, Miss Emma
johnson, may recover from her injuries
Albert COWan, who is charged with the
murder Of Mrs Snort and suspected OF
beng the highWayman who has attacked
many women in this city during the past
year, was identified today Dy BarIhDlO-
NEW Juu, foreman of the Union Pacific
car inspectors, as the man whom ne saw
running away from the place where Miss
Annie McAtee was knocked down and Sc
riOusly injured on the night of Oct. 4 last
When confronted with Julien and Albert
Frederick who says he saw CovVen knock
down Mrs Short the prisoner accused
them of lying
Dr. II. T. Pershipg, an insanity special
list, said today that he treated Coweu for
paranOia six years ago at the county hos
DifaH
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1901-02-28
TO PUNISH THE LYNCHERs.
Members of the Mob at Terre Haute
May Suffer.

Members Of the MOD at Terre hauIe
May Suffer.
Terre Haute. Ind. Feb. 27.-Indigna-
ton is generally expressed here over
the hanging and burning yesterday OF
George Ward, the negro murderer OF
Miss Ida Finklestein, and the judge OF
the circuit court has promised to take
prompt steps TO ascertain the identity
OF the lyncherS. The grand jury VIII
meet in a few days, and, under IN
structions from the court, the lynchlng
will be made the first order of business.
Citizens generally deplore the tfag-
edy. and particularly the savagery eX-
hibited by the crowd in burning ana
mutilating the dead body. Sheriff Faslg
today mailed a full report OF yeSter-
DAVIS events to Governor Durbin, IN
which he shows that ne swore IN d
large force of deputies and took every
precaution. possible to prevent the
lynching.
The funeral of Miss Finklestein = as
held this morning, and the rabbi VINO
conducted the services strongly con-
demned the conduct of the mob.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1901-02-28
Y M C. a. strengthens Team

Hugh RippetO, manager of the Y. NJ
Q. A. basket ball team, announced last
evening that he has secured & new player
ia the person of Emery. This gentleman
was one OF the main standbyS of last
years team and vii! play q guard in the
contest between the Christians and l. D.
$ 2 week from today The Y. NJ. c. A
viii make the fight Of the season IL this
game, as the winner carries the city
championship.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1901-02-28

the Y. II c. A viii have to defeat the
All sfall0ws in order to be on even terms
with the L. D. s. The =. D. S. and Ham,
iltou girls teams have both played two
games and won and this evenings con
test viii be doubly interesting on this ac-
the league.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1901-02-28
Smallpox Reports.

Two of the five cases of smallpox re-
20 ed o the health departm Mt yesterday
were those of Mrs. Jennie Sprague and
her 13-year-Old son, residing at $50 South
Eighth East street. There are seven un-
vaccinated children in the family The
other three are Joshua Salisbury. aged 80
years, and his little daughter, Stella at
20 South Eighth West street, and Josie
Haisett. aged - years. at 642 South
Fourth Vest street.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1901-02-28
10 80 Fighting III Kansas.

Topeka, Kan, Feb 27.-Acting upon
message from Governor Stanley late yes
terday afternoon a bill was rushed
through the legislature prohibiting prize
fighting.
A penalty of one year in the county jail
is provided. The present anti-prize tight
ing Jaw is practically invalid since the
decision Of the supreme court in the Pad
dy Purtell case.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1901-02-28
voting for a Senator.

Helena, Mont, Feb. 27.-The Repub-
Hcans today again voted for Senator
Thomas H. Carter for the short term
The vote follows: Carter. 81; Frank
fusion. %; MACHINES, Is: Cooper, s;
Conrad. 8; Clements. 1: TOOle, l.
Lincoln, Neb., Feb 27.-The thirty
first ballot on United States senator
today resulted as follows: r. L. Met
calfe. fusion, 80, Allen, fusion, AZ; w
H. Thompson, fusion, II; Perge, fusion
=. d. Z. Thompson, 80; Meiklejohn, 80
Crounz s; CurTie, IA; Hinshaw, 10
Rosewater, %; scattering, %.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1901-02-28
ABOLISH MARTIAL LAW.
Resolution Adopted in Caucus by Flu
sionists at Boise.
Especial to The Herald. )

Boise. Ida, Feb. 27.-Twenty-fOuT Of
fOrty-three fusion members of the legis-
adjournment this evening and took up the
question of martial law in the Occur
d Alenes. A resolution was adopted in the
nature of a recommendation to Governor
Hunt, asking him TO abolish martial law
in the Occur d Alenes and withdraw the
troops
This resolution. it is said, was adopted
unanimously, with the understanding that
it was not to be reflected in any action
on the floor of both houses, being simply
understood more radical action was
urged. but it was seen it could not be
carried out.
There may or may not be any cOnnec-
ton between this action and the arrival
in the city of Ed Boice, president of the
Western Federation of Miners, who is a
guest at the Idaho
Double Suicide in Colorado.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1901-02-28

Boise, Ida, Feb. Z7.-5y the washing cut
of a bridge on the o. r. & n. at Burnt
river, triIfic on the line is interrupted
The conditions are such that they cannot
transfer and there will be no through
train until tomorrow evening
All trains were stopped today but the
Oregon short Line is running specials cas-,
from Huntington.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1901-02-28
New Eks.

City Recorder r. B. Morris, Con-
tractor John CurIey and Frank Car
they of Carthey & Dumbeck were ini-
tiated into the order of Elks at the
usual Wednesday night session last
evening.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1901-02-28
Ieague &C Tonight.

The All Hallows and Y NJ. c. A. and
Hamilton and I. ID. 5. girls basket ball
teams win III ct this evening in the league
series for the city championship The
mems clubs is becoming interesting AMI
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1901-02-28

You can help anyone whom you find
suffering from inf1ameG throat, laryn-
geal trouble, bronchitis, coughs, colds,
ETC. by advising the use of BAL
Price, % and so cents. Van Dyke s
drug store, corner Main and Third
South.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1901-02-28
Junior Game Tomorrow.

The Junior league will open the season
tomorrow with q game between the sec
ond teams of the =. ID. S. and HamiltOns
The game viii ~ played at Social hall
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1901-02-28
BASKET BALL GAME.

I. D. S. Teams Won Both Contests
Last Evening.
The L. d. S. juniors ard Lowell bows
and the l. d. $ and Webster girls basket
bali teams met at Social hail last evening
The college wen out in both contests. the
boys by a score of y to 8 and the girls bv
a score of TO o. Edna WOrthen. the CEN
ter of the J.. D. S, again proved her tIeie
as The best basket thrOWer in the citv
by shooting five baskets from foul out Of
a possible nine The game between the
boys was very rough and the umpires
were busy calling fouls on both teams
The poor guarding of the Lowell backs
was responsible for their team losing the
game. The following was the Hne-up
score and officials OF both contests:
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1901-02-28

G OpenshaW .-...R. F....-------... Young
J. Openshaw /. F.. Richardson
Price .....-........C Center. simmons
Arnold -..--.-.....-.R. B.-....-...-.. Daynes
Parkinson ...........1.. B.. Gibbs, Hansen
Goals from fietdt j. OpenshaW 3, G. Open
shaw, Young Richardson, goals from
foul Price 8, Simmons ., G. Openshaw.
Officials for both games: Referee Shep-
ard: umpires Angel and Taylor; cine
keeper, Phippen.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1901-02-28
Girls, Game

/. ID. Sc. Position. Webs.er-0
Emma Morris ----.R. F. Blanch SparHng
Rosa Hicks IL. F..-.Beth CritchloW
Edna Worthen &C. COrneHa CleOphas
Florence Lloyd R. B.. Ida Jaenich
Emma FrewiI Il. B.. Bertha CrOzier
Goals from field, Emma Morris. Rosa
Hicks goals from foul, Edna Worthen, 5
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1901-02-28

Double Suicide in Colorado.
Pueblo, Colo, Feb. PA special to
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1901-02-28

White House,. b FoueTs and VIE
Charleston: e NJ johnson. St. Johns: J.
". GIanviiIe. W Glanville, Mercur;. 3
r. Whitmore, A WhitmOre, Warwick,
Tcueland: A. Jensen, p. S. Johnson, Mer-
r1irs w Y. Murray, Denver; w. D. Clays
and wife. Bingham; 7 T Iioldaway. yer
nal; b F. WhitmOre, woods Cross Frank
he Lamar. Bingham; s f. HalverSon,
OGDEN: w. L. Harris, Springville; James
L. Wraithau, GrantsvillIe9; Geeorge Hall Han
Park City; II. s. Russell, J. ) RuSselI,
I4eber. lanes Richards, Ed Cunningham,
Iobn F. osborne. w. w. Gear. Miss Min
ME Hooking Bingham; 2. Priest, Park Park
city; George T. RlchaTdss ROBERT WIS
TOoeIe: J. a. Johnson, Ogden
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1901-02-28

Kenvon.-J. K. W Bracken. CaTghurst,
J. A. Dahlman. Milwaukee; G. T. Daven-
port, Chicago; Willard Scowcroft, Ogdel;
Louis: II G. Williams, Castle Gate; L.
McMahon, r. Forester, Chicago; William
s. Mercer, san Francisco; w @. Maho-
ney. Chicago; a. B. MacCaughey, St.
Paul; c. c. Colt, New York; Mrs. J. r
Rhodes, Miss NJ. Rhodes, Price; w. NJ.
Elliott, G. A Wright, @. II. Wright, Chi
cago Heights: NJ. Q. Jones, Omaha; F A
Baggs, New York; c. w. Osborn, West
field Mass: Trabue Van Culin, Denver;
b. w Cressy, Chicago.
New-York tribune., 1901-06-30

and We're thought 10y many to preclude any
chance of either fraud accidental deception
And number Of experts who undertook TO
study the scene and subject independently
reached conclusions similar 20 his They in
oined TO believe that there was evidence Of
mans having lived ages before the period rep
resented 10y the Neanderthal and Spy skulls
And II thus appeared that the human race in
America greatly antedated its existence ia
Europe.
THE RESEARCHES OF PROFESSOR HOLMES
Recent inquiries by still other ethnologists and
seulogists have thrown fresh light upon the
question. The latest volume OF Smithsonian
pots contains paper by Professor William ii.
Holmes, in which he describes his
searches, undertaken in conformity with the
wish Of Professor Langley. secretary Of the
Smithsonian institution. Professor Holmes was
fortunate enough to be accompanied during his
visit to California by Professor w ]. Niece. a
recognized authority in geology. Ard although
he does not regard his report finally clearing
up the mystery in which the Calaveras skull
has been involved, ne supplies information Of
value.
AS 10 the age Of the gold bearing gravels
themselves Professor Holmes entertains no
doubt Many geologists have reviewed the sub
ject, and they are unanimous in crediting those
DEPOSITS 70 the early part Of the Tertiary perioc
and with being from a hundred times
old as the glacial gravel of this continent But
the Smithsonian expert offers reasons for doubt
New-York tribune., 1901-06-30
BRIGHAM IotAG's CARRIAGE.
AN HISTORIC EccIpAGE ONE OF THE FIRST IN
THE WEST. ~ 4 MONTANA SCRAP HEAP.

=
THE WEST IN 4 MONTANA SCRAP HEAP
From The Montana Record.
In a scrap heap IL the back yard of old
stable in the southern !aIt If the city lie the
rusted and decayIng remnants of carriage
that once upon tim Csol To trundle through
the broad streets Of Salt Lake conveying Brig
ham Young and as mary Cf lis wives as could
be conveniently crowded into Il t. church or cut
10 the suburbs after air. II fine hack
and the envy of all the ether fine traps OF the
day in tkt city of Zion.
1t came tc Butte in lSS., with lot of second
hand rUmR3aGe that CRAZE. Of Salt Lake. sent
w here "a te disposed Cf.
Charles Palmer mounted the box day down
in front % Domans feed store. in Park-st..
where tn" Curtis hiCck now stands. and sci i the
hack 10 the highest tiCder. There several
81 wealth who wanted the hack, but their
limit was from 5000 II 5000. Finally J. A. Muir
ray took il for Siii.,.
Fat Jack the veteran of all the hack drivers
of Butte. and Tom" Mays, then a hack driver,
now millionaire once opened spirited con-
test for the temporary possession OF the coveted
hack. Mays WAS willing 10 pay Slbt d month
for the of il. bCt Jack oEthid him, and he
offered IL give Mr.. Murray 50 in gold every day
for the use of i, which ofer was accepted.
Jack pac s., q day fer i ror six years. in
all H..N, which Il viii bc nC:ed at a glance
sG7.L
One day Jack" met MI. Murray a street
corner ard said: Say. Jim amt | paid you
about much as that buggy is worth III rent?'
'Dh. l don't know. Jack replied the mill
ionaire mine owner That's pretty fine rig;
besides Brigham Young used own il and his
wives used TO ride IN IL.
We'll. I'm going to cult renting it. I'll turn it
over To you tonight.
''Al right. and James a. Murray claspod his
hands behind his back ana walked slowly up the
street past King q Lowry's. looking in that
place as Ia passed. At Ciarks bank corner Mr.
Murray met Tom" Mays. who promptly rented
the hack that Fat Jack had turned i:ito
gold mine for the owner, and for many months
Uncle Tom Mays sat upon the low under
the roof Of the pioneer cab. and collected many
many fares.
The hack made at Brigham YounSs order
in 1861 in the East and cost 5000. Ii car
ried across the plains irom Chicago in sections
freight wagons. and its arrival at the Young
residence marke ! by much grateful express
sion On tha part of MeSdames Young, who had
been walking all the years since 1850 to church
ard TO market IL was Cne of the first hacks if
not the first that came to Butte, and il was the
first piece of junk that Charlie Palmer sold at
auction n Butte.
New-York tribune., 1901-06-30

i'iieS' Matthews. a business nartnar %
WAS instrumental in making the Gift
-, ANU as ne is known to have been both
- - Ni mixer and much given to playing tricks
.'e uoe'or' 1t is deemed possible that the
"""ie performance was a joke. and that Whit
my was un~ittingiy deceived II is NOT ir,i
mated that any deliberate design to fool the nro
i'Ssor was cherished, hut it NAV be that the
''''s 'oid 10 him was not altogether correct
DIGGER INDIAN SKULL?
Professor Holmes lays great stress on the
'act that the implements exhibit a high degree
"I SIKH and represent an advanced stage of
clNlization But from the extreme antiquity
imputed to them, would expect much more
IIolhentary art. Again. careful measurements
oi the skull show that it strongly resembles
mat of the modern Digger Indian. and reveals
much higher development than the skull found
ia Java 10y Dubois. The latter was taken to be
long io the missing link between the ape and
man The finder named the species to which
Il belonged "Pfthecanthropus erectus," or the
eIect man-ape. Geological evidence places this
creature back in the Tertiary period but not so
lar hack as the gold bearing graves OF Califor-
ma Yet II one will compare the fofeheads of
the two skulls he will perceive that that cf the
calaveras skull is much higher and brainier
IMAM taat Of Dul.ois's missing link Conse-
SucnliE, Professor Holmes fines IL hard TO be-
lieve that the California skull really antedates
the other. on the other hand he feels that It
bears intrinsic evidence Of being exceedingly re-
cent.
After Professor Whtney's death the Gala
Ncfas skull anne into the possession of the Pea
body Museum. at Harvard The curator IF that
institution. Professor +. W. Putnam, ranks high
among American ethnologists and archRC CGIsts
The following reference 10 the subject made in
= recent report by him VIII be read With IN
teresI:
Continuing my trip to California, l passed a
week in careful study of Bald Hill and lis
roundines in CalaNeras County. At this
time | am only prepared t. state that after a
careful sitting and croSS-questoning IN regari
10 the several stories told at Angels Camp. both
Pre- and con. 10 the finding Of the skull. ]
convinced that they are not worthy If Consid-
GRAFTON evidence. IL may be impossible ever
Ia determine to the satisfaction of the :rCtist
ologist the place where the skull was actually
found. have. however brought from the old
Mattson mine samples If all the materials
passed through in sinking the shaft have
also gathered gravel from several places in the
neighhorhoCd II Bald Hill and IN Salt Spring
Valley for comparison with the gravel taken
from the skull. An expert investigation of the
materials VIII be made. and the results Viii in
time toe Announced.
New-York tribune., 1901-06-30

ing whether the skull is equally ancient.
one theory proposed is that il got into the
mine by accident. IL has been noticed that in
that part of California the Digger Indians have
fer centuries laid their dead, not in tombs. but
in hollows in the rock and they select burial
places near the crests Of ridges. The sides OF
these slopes have been excavated by hydraulic
mining and Il would have been an easy thing
for modern human remains to become dislodged
arG roll down into mine Such probability
is stronger in the OF tne implements than
the skull because Professor Holmes himself dis
covered a large number of mortars, pesiles and
ofher bits OF Indian handiwork near and above
the particular mine where the skull is supposed
10 have been found But he does not report
finding a burial place the same ridge.
According 10 Whitney, who is now dead. the
skull was taken from the gravel 10y mine
owner Mattison, who sent itto Scribner, an
.xpress agent at Angels. Scribner passed il
along to his friend, Or. Jones, at Murphys,
twelve miles away. Not until Jones discarded
IL did the relic come into the possession OF
New-York tribune., 1901-06-30
TOO GOOD TO BE WELL.
HOSPITAL DOCTORS EXPERIENCE WITH AZ;
OUT PATIENT.
From Macmillan's Magazine.

OUT PATIENT
From MaCmillanS Magazine
There is an int trrval of silence; then a sudden
moment an agitated parent is seen running
down the passage with child tucked under her
arm. its bare legs streaming behind Il in the
wind of Its mothers rapidity.
WHATS the matter. missis? Has she swal-
lowed some poison?'
No sir: II ain that she pants but I'm
that scared. l dent know 'ardly which way
to turn"
Well but what's happened? Has she hurt
herSef?'
No. sir; and 'er father e's that upset e
couldn't do nothink, else / amt used to running
like that, and ed ave brought 'er up. hut ne
says as Ow = daren't touch 'er, and I've run
all the way, an me cart
Come now. mSSiS JUS tel me quietly what's
the matter with the child"
The patient, pretty little thing of four. looks
inquiringly at her alarmed parent; there seems
to he little The matter with heI.
Its all very We'll yer a-Sittin there and a-tell.
in Of me to ne quiet" cries her mother: IF yer
'ad any children of yer own. yer wouldn't like
ter see 'em die afore yer EYES Oh, dear, OF
dear, and the. amt orly two more and the
baby
The doctor in despair examines the little girl
but fails to discover any thing wrong Now
look here says he firmly, Il can't find any
thing the matter with your child, you'll have
10 go away unless you tell me why you brought
her up tn the hospital
Wei, doctor. al a-haVin' tea a
minute ago as it might he and 'er father
eatin' nice bit Of tripe over from din
ner. when Susy, that's 'cr. says as 'ow she loved
God and goin' to 'eaving when she doied.
What in tones OF horror, 'ain't Yer goin to
give 'er no incidence
New-York tribune., 1901-06-30
THE CALAEERAS SKULL
FRESH INFORMATION ABOUT A FAMoIrs
RELIC.
REASONS FOR DOUBTING THAT 1T REPRESENTS
PREHISTORIC MAN

Among The many discoveries genuine and
spurious, which have suggested the probability
that The human race originated more than six
thousand years ago Was the finding Of an inn,
perfect human skull in Caiaveras County. Cal
in February. 1850. The story told to Professor
James u. Whitney, then State Geologist Mas
that this interesting relic was picked up in
gold mine, in deposit OF gravel which Was
hHoWn 10 be very ancient A large quantity of
Indian implements was found under somewhat
similar circumstances, and was suspectaa of
being Intimately related to the race and nerio5
represented 10y the now celebrated Calayeras
skull.
An announcement of this kind thirty-five years
ago was calculated To produce a more lively
sensation than il would to-day Public opiniop
had not then crystallized on the subject of
mans antiquity. Even among paleontologists
however, the genuineness Of this relic xas no,
universally conceded, although whitney's own
Investigations We're intelligent and thorough
New-York tribune., 1901-06-30
i GRorP or ROYAL THIRD COUSINS.
From The Montana Reco rd.

From Tnc London News.
The Queen OF tie Netherlands, her husband
Prince Henry, and their present host, the Ger
nan Emperor all third cousins. all three
being great great gra ndchildren Of King Frede-
rick William IA OF Prussia. Prince Henry is
also descended from Frederick William III. 50
that he is the Emperors second cousin. The
Queen is also somewhat nearer than a third
c:usin to the Emperor, through their descent
from the Emperor Paul Of Russia
New-York tribune., 1901-06-30

and the Martha, may call them, of Con
tinental travel Martha for weekdays and
Mary for Sundays is the recognized rule in
such case; and as there six times many
weekdays as Sundays, Martha is little apt to
get the better of ii. Baedeker, at all events
seems lately to have poached very successfully
on the Murray preserves. But the two series
or handbooks are really good within their
respective mts that the world of tourists would
be sorry to either of them disappear.
New-York tribune., 1901-06-30
ETIQUETTE OF COINAGE.

From The London Courier.
In he coins the Kings head will look
from left to right; Queen Victoria is represented
looking from right to left. According to very
old custom the new sovereign must not look tho
way as his predecessor