The evening times. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1895-1902, 1901-03-06
THE WIRELESS TELEGRAPH
Brussels Expert Says It Can En-
circle the World in Two Hours.
Valuable Information Regarding the
Various Inventions for Sending
and Receiving Messages
Great Advantage in Times of War.


and Receiving Messages 4
Great Advantage in Times of War.
George w Roosevelt the American Con
sui al Brussels has transmitted to the De
partment of State a most interesting re-
port on the present condition of wireless
telegraphy. He .eueleses valuable. data on
the subject prepared by Emile GuaFini the
inventor Of the automatic repeater Mr.
Guarini says:aJ
More or less erroneous accounts OF Won
derful results obtained by wireless teiegFa-
ply have appeared in many of the daily
papers. Readers have accepted these &C
counts as journalistic canards. which, in
view of the style of some OF them, is eX-
cusable Others more CTedal9aS were
startled by the results obtained. which ap-
peared almost like witcheraft- In the tur-
mol of business and progress in which We
live 'sayants have made wonderful re-
search during the last century. in the 81
fence of their LABORATORIES, in the science
of optics. elasticity. and electricity. and
have. through ardent and laboTi0aS- study
erected one of the most admirable monu-
ments of human genius the electro-Uag-
netic theory of light e@inS its origin to
three great men-F,resnel, Maxwell. and
y
theory seemed bound to remain the pre-
negative Of a few philosophers; bat now.
practice has mastered the essential results
of these high conceptions and mas made
an instrument capable OF great number
of applications.
The trials of wireless .teIegrapIy- are
not new. Asr. Preece,s the chief engineer
of the English telegraph Office. made eX-
perimentS in 1892 and 1894 in wireless teieg-
raphy, utilizing what electricians call IN
ductiQn effects There is also some rea-
son to believe that the first experiments
of wireless. tejegraphy ate from 1876 The
system at present most popular employs
electromagnetic oscillations Of ether.
This invisible medium. according to sci
entists. penetrates all bodies, the osciiia-
lions being only distinguished from lumi-
nous rays as -quantitatiYe. the electric
rays being in reality many millions of
times longer than the luminous rays. AS
the luminous rays streaming from a can
die or from an electric lamp are equally
divided in space, electric invisible rays
spring from one electric spark. spreading
! into space in all directiG"s. TechniCiSIS
! have proved that the discharge o.. an. cleo
! trio spark. such as lightning is effected IN
! oSclilatlnS- moTeFnentS-aSS The string of q
violin which has just been strunmed on
yibrateS successfully until in cornplete re
pose And as the string transmits TO the
{ surrounding air escIilating -Yibratory
/ movements which We ind in sound the
| ether IS transformed III uRdulatiRg move
/ meulS DN the electric spark W. cannot
/ perceive these movements. but that which
| human organs can perceive is what q
very simple little apparatus. called .cOhe-
Eror or radiOconGuct0r can do This
/ small apparatus Is in general not formed
OF anything but z little glass tubs con-
talng metallic powder and terminating on
each side in a good conducting electric
I EVlrG This QEh4rlr u
resistance TO the electric current IN 9th
! er terms. the space between. the two con-
I ductOrs occupied by the file dust must be
considered as an interrupter- But this re
/ SiStanCe Is reduced TO a minimum as soon
as an eleetro-mag netic ray, spreading
| from al electric spark producer. reaches
the tube IN other terms. the electric con-
tact is esta blished- Thus. without going
farther. the possibility Of regular te!eg-
! raphy is admitted.
| Here il is Interesting TO remark that
! there is no sort Of connection between the
| energy put into liberty by the electric
! shark and the one that causes the Morse
! apparatus TO play. The energy emitted
I BY the spark and ,aiat Influences the. tube
/ OF file dust only serves rs protector: il
I 4IiiS the same role as the mechanics hand
that opens q tap and puts a powerful
machine into motion And for the same
! reason that is is not the mechanic who
furnishes the necessary power TO put the
| machine into motion. so it is true that the
| Morse apparatus is not put into action by
! the transmitted gay of the spark pro
Queer. bat by the current CT galVanic
| local battery. mis- remark is indispensa-
! bic
The idea of utilizing the power of cleo
/ tric rays for the transmission of signals
seems to belong TO the English scientist
/ DR.. Lodge. who, in q conference which
took place in 1894. eXpEeBed The idea that
A.! the presence Of the electric rays might be
/ discovered by means of the Branly tube
| up 10 distance Of half a mile from their
starting point But no experiments We're
l made IN E-eriTl- he In 1875 and l<5
| Mr. Popoff used has continuance IN trials
I of communications by wireless LeleSEa-
phy- About the same time. another Rus
[ Sian-3ir. Nasckvltch iodko-EIstce indie
( peudently of AIr- PopOn analogous expert
/ ments In 1886 Ar. Marconi undertook, in
! his tu-n. essays or Geographic coEnmuni-
| cation by "hertzienne' rays. The meas
ures he took at that time. analogous 70
| the course adopted by PopOff, are actually
/ the same as those now employed But
important improvements in details have
/ been steadily made in the Popen con
/ triyance by the young Italian
THE GUARINI IMPROVEMENTS
| The transmitting and receiving ma
| chimes that Mr. ,fuarini viii use at the
Antwerp station and in Brussels are in
| principle analogous to the above-mention-
| ed ones: but Mr. Guariu has made nu-
| meTOus Improvements in detail
"From the beginning Of experiments
I made with the wireless telegraph, 1t ~as
! discovered that 4 tTanSrnitter could -WOrk
! several receivers al TIE same time. ana
/ il was lurth her remarked that If q recipient
was worked by several transmitters, issu-
Z ing different signals, these signals were
/ quite uD-eacab!e and Impossible 70 MAKE
! out Many experimenters. Il obvlate this.
! have had recourse TO d continuance called
/ accord or specialization which consists
/ Of the following
/ In acoustics there exists phenomenon
/ called resonance Let US suppose three
| diapasOns. TWO Of which, IN vibrating,
produce so vibrations per second and the
/ OF her only go The duration OF the OScll-
IatiOn otherwise called the period of the
first TWO diapasOns. IS one eisbt-huHdredth
{ OF second. and that of the third one FIVE
huIdredth of Il second
| With the apparatus Of wireless tele-
graphs the same phenomenon can almost
/ equally be proved Let US state at once
that the length of an electric ray. and
therefore what is termed period of OscIl-
lation. depends on three cOefficientS-the
! -capacity,' resistance and 'self-induction-
I Of the electric circuit from which the
spark is produced, called discharge by
specialists When two apparatus are put
in accord. the cOetiicients may be varied.
Each experimental obtains the effect de
sired-that. is. according 10 his own style.
IsThus we have the Marconi, Slaby-Arco
kBIondel Tommasi JegOn systems without
naming others. Mr. Guarini will also use
the syntonizatiOn system. This Is neces-
i.sary if great distances Of transmission ara