davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1901-11-23
TRIAL OF MRS. BONNIE
A CORY EXHIBIT ExCITEs EMO
TION IN PRISONER
Proprietor of the Kenmore Hotel
Gives Testimony That the
Defense Considers
Important.

WASHINGTON, Nov. %. = Five wit
nesses were heard today in the trial of
Mrs. Julia Ida BONNIE for the murder of
James S. Ayres Jr -Four of these wit
nesses were police officers who had gone
to Ayres' room after discovery of the
body by employees of the Kenmore hotel,
and the fifth was W. W. Warfield, who
was proprietor of the hotel at the time
of the tragedy. The policeman testified
to details of the wounds, position of the
body and arrangement Of the furniture
in the room.
Mr. Warfields testimony was very
brief. In response to a question by At
torney Fulton, of Mrs Bonine's counsel
he said that Mrs. Bonnie had made ar
rangements to leave the hotel before the
tragedy, but both question and answer
subsequently were ruled out. 1t is under
stood TO be the intention of the defense
to recall Mr.. Warfield later for the pur-
pose of ehciting information from him on
this and other important events in Mrs
Bonines behalf
Only once during the day did Mrs b.
nine display emotion, and that was when
the bloody undershirt which had been
worn by Ayres Gu the night of the killing
was identified by officer Brady.
The court adjourned until Monday.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1901-11-23
Saltwater News

Judge Wiliston. adjourned court at
noon yesterday without completing the
hearing of the action of the saltwater
Water company against H. c. Farmer.
Supt. Harrison was still On the stand
when court adjourned. The nearing WIFI
not be resumed until after. all jury cases
are disposed of, and the hearing OF the
jury cases will be commenced when court
eonvenes next Monday. Judge Williston
filed orders yesterday denying the motion
to submit the case of George Hill against
Maurice Malone as executor of the estate
of John Sinnott, deceased, to a jury, and
also denied a motion for judgment on the
pleadings The case of Caroline Radloff
VS.. The Staples-Atlee Sawmitl Company
was stricken from the calendar because
of failure to serve notice of trial.
The information of insanity filed against
Annie R. Newman has been withdrawn
and no effort will be. made to have her
Erwin, of st. Paul, who was engaged to
take charge of her part Of the proceed
irgs, explained to the court that Miss
Newman did not intend to threaten War
against him for an alleged conspiracy in
sending her to the Rochester asylum
when she was serving term in prison,
and threatened that unless he settled the
matter amicably on the day she came to
Saltwater she would bring suit the next
The Bons Amis and the Kegel spielers
We're defeated in the first series Of games
in a bowling tournament held Thursday
night. The Nemos won three games from
the Bons AmiS, and the Crescents won
three from the Kegel SpielerS.
Winifred, the six-year-old daughter of
Mr. and Mrs. Alexander McAffee, died
Thursday of pneumonia.
The steamer Jessie B., Gazelle and
Bun Hersey, owned by the Staples Tow
ing company and engaged in towing logs
from the st. Paul boom to Prescott the
past season, have been taken to Waba-
sha, where they will be repaired at the
boat yards.
Myron l. McKusick, of saltwater. is
very seriously Ill at Phoenix, Ari..
whittier he went for the benefit of his
ceived a day or two ago states that he
cannot recover. Mr.. McKusick is a well
known young man, and is an attorney by
profession.
Mrs. .Dorothea Evans, formerly of Still
water, died Wednesday at, Brule, Wis,
where she resided with her daughter,
Mrs. Jacob Brown. Deceased was one
was eighty-fve years of age.
William Sauntry, a well known reside Mt
of Saltwater has offered to give $500 to-
wards purchasing a site for the new
Carnegie public library, provided the
Charles Bean site on North Third street
is selected This site is the choice of
citizens who We're present at the public
meeting Thursday night. and is offered
for $500. which amount Mr.. Sauntry offers
to donate.
A large delegation of Saltwater Elks,
some of them accompanied by their
wives went to Hudson yesterday after
noon to assist in dedicating the new
were followed by dance in the Hudson
arnOrV
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1901-11-23
PANAMA IN DANGER
LIBERAL FORCES ONLY TWELVE
MILES DISTANT AND AD-
VANCING
GAINING RECRUITS RAPIDLY
Defenders of the Capital of the
Isthmus Are Expecting Attack
at Any Hour, and Fear
the Result.

COLON, Colombia, Nov. %, 5 p. M
The latest news obtainable here is TO
the effect that the Liberal general, Lugo
has arrived at Empire Station, distant
about twelve miles from Panama, with
a force said to number 1000 men. The
Liberals are gaining and arming many
recruits along the entire length of the
railroad and now control the line up to
within a point two miles from Panama.
An attack on that city is expected mo-
mentarily and much uneasiness is felt
there. The Liberal leader. Domingo
Diaz, is expected shortly to arrive at
Colon.
1t is rumored here that Buenaventura
a Colombian port on the Pacific coast,
about 400 miles south of Panama, has
been taken by the Liberals. Confirma-
ton of this report is lacking.
Marines from the gunboat Machias still
guard the station and property of the
railroad here, and the battleship Iowa
will land forces at Panama when the
necessity arises.
The Liberals here have already given
notice that the advalorem duty on goods
disembarked at Colon will henceforth be
10 per cent, not 20 per cent, as formerly.
All the stores in Colon are open today
and business has been resumed.
The Colombian gunboat, General. Pin
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1901-11-23
Assessment for slopes on Gernnium
street, Between Rice and Western.
Office Of the Board Of Public Work.

OT1ce or the Board or PUBLIC works,
City of st. Paul. Mimi, Nov. 81 1901
The Board of Public Works in and for
the corporation Of the City of ST Paul.
Minnesota, will meet at their Office in
said City at 2 p. M, on the 9Th day of
December A. d. 1901, to make an assess
ment of benefits damages, costs and
expenses arising from condemning and
taking an easement in the land abutting
on Geranium street between Rice street
and Western avenue In said city,
necessary to construct the slopes
for cuts and fills in grading said
Geranium street between Rice street
and Western avenue to the established
grade thereof as shown by the profile
of said grade on file in the office of tho
Register of Deeds in and for Ramsey
County, and in the office of the City En-
gineer said slopes to extend IL feet on
said hand for every foot of cut or fill
as Indicated ON the plan of said slopes
on file in the Office of said Board, in said
city, on the property on the line of Ger
aDium street from Rice street to West
ern avenue and deemed benefited or
damaged thereby.
All persons interested are hereby not1-
fed to be present at said time and place
of making said assessment, and Will be
heard.
President.
official: c. II. BRONSON.
Clerk Board of Public Works,
Nov .2S-190l-lt.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1901-11-23
REYES CAN END FIGHTING
is ACCEPTABLE TO ALL FACTIONS
OF CoLOMBIANs.

MEXICO CITY, Nov22-Gen. ospina,
late minister of war of Colombia, states
that in all probability matters will be
arranged whereby Gen. Reyes will return
to accept the presidency of Colombia,
Gen. Ospina brings with him a letter
from San Clemente, the legal president.
Marroquin, rendering his resignation.
Gen. Reyes last night received cable
gram from Marroquin saying he intend
ed to resign and asking Gen. Reyes to
place Gen Reyes in Office, declare a
general amnesty and make up a cabinet
composed of all of the various factions.
This, it IS believed, would end the revolu-
ton
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1901-11-23
News OF THE NORTHWEST

of this city, and Mrs Maria Parker Gee,
of Centerville, D., were married m
that city on the evening of the 18TH
They will visit friends I'M Chicago and
other Illinois cities and will 20 at homo
in Huron after Dec.
James Stirling, of Mellstte. arrived here
Tuesday in time to meet Miss Jennie Nc
Bride. Of Des Moine.s, Iowa. Half an hour
later they were united fnesmarriage by
Rev r. A. Wander Las. at the Presby-
terrain parsonage, and the following day
departed for the grooms farm house in
SPHINX county.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1901-11-23
Another Matrlmonia1 Trust.

RED WING, Nov 22-The marriage of
Rev. Carl T. Clauson,> of Granite Falls
Mimi, to Miss Caroline Bjergo, daughter
of president K. Bjorgo, of the Norwegian
Lutheran synod, was solemnized at the
Trinity church in this city in the pres
ence of a large number of people. Among
those present from other cities were:
Prof. John Yivisaker and Miss Tora
Vivisaker of Robbinsdale, Mimi; Rev.
and Mrs. D. C. Jordahl, of Norway
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1901-11-23
An Unfounded Fear.

SIOUX CITY, Iowa, Nov 22-Col. II.
M. Chittenden, the government engineer
here in charge of the upper Mississippi
river and Yellowstone Park. is getting
some amusement from letters of alarm
received from Bismarck, N. D. Citizens
think the Missouri river there is
giving unmsta kabIe evidence of drying
up. and the opinion of the engineer Is
solicited. Col. Chittenden says so long
as the Rocky Mountains stand the Mo
souri, will rum.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1901-11-23
Assessment for slopes on Dellyvood
Place, From Cable to Margaret.
. nf the BOARD of Puhltc works,

Office of the Board of Public WORKS,
City of St. Paul. Mimi, Nov. q, 1901.
The Board of Public Works in and for
the Corporation of the City of St Pau,
Minnesota, will meet at their office In
said city at p. M, on thaL9th DAY or
December, A. D. 1901, to make an assess
ment of benefits, damages. costs and
expenses arising from condemning and
taking an easement in the land AUDITING
on Dellwood place between Gable ave-
nue. and Margaret street, In said city,
necessary to construct the slopes for cuts
and fills in grading said Dellwood place
between Gable avenue and Margaret
street to the established grade thereof
as shown by the profile Of said grade on
file in the office of the Register OF
Deeds in and for Ramsey County, and
in the office of the City Engineer, said
slopes to extend lie feet on said land for
every foot of cut or fill as Indicated on
the plan of said slopes on file In the Of
fee of said Board, in said city, on the
property on the line of Dellwood place
from Cable avenue to Margaret street,
and deemed benefited or damaged thera-
by.
All persons interested are hereby no.
titled to be present at said time and
place of making said assessment, and Will
F. o. HAMMER,
President.
oficial: c. H. BRONSON,
Clerk Board of Public Works.
Nov. %. 1901-1t.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1901-11-23
THOUSANDS FAMISHING
STARVATION AND sCURvY DECI-
MATING RUSSIAN PROVINCES.

ST. PETERSBURG, Nov %. = 1t is
becoming more apparent that the fam
inc and epidemic of scurvy is worse than
the means now available will suffice for.
The Zemstyos Cocal government boafds)
of many provinces and provincial dis
tricts are sending in daily re
ports of deep and increasing. distress and
an appalling scarcity of grain and prov
ender. Not one-half the demands that
are made upon the central government
can be met from the funds that have
been assigned for relief work and re-
Gently there has been a large increase
in the number of petitions.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1901-11-23
INTERNAL IMPROVEMENT.
Ditch Costing S75, VIII Drain
10000 Acres of Land.

ALBERT LEA, Nov 22-One of the b g
gest jobs undertaken in Freeborn county
in many years hassbeen decided upon by
the county commissioners in the deter
1nination to construct, or have cons
structed, a ditch through certain parts
Of the towns of Geneva, Riceland and
Moscow, the distance to be about nine
miles, and the excavation must be nearly
or quite sixty feet on the bottom and
eight or nine feet deep some of the dis
lance. The cost of this immense under
taking is estimated roughly at SIS, 600, and
it will affect in more or less degree
from Is 600 to 10000 acres of land.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1901-11-23
UNABLE TO MARBLE
ST. LOUIS SUED BECAUSE OF IT'S
SMOKY ATMOSPHERE.
Special to The Globe.

Special to The Globe.
ST. LOUIS, Nov. % Because the throat
and lungs of Ferdinando Avendano,
leading tenor for the Southwell Opera
company, We're so irritated and injured
by ST. Louis smoke that he was unable
to sing his part in the opening perform
ance of, La Giocanda," the city of st.
Louis and Charles H. Jones, chief smoke
inspector, are sued in mandamus pro-
ceedings asking that they be compelled
to abate the nuisance forthwith.
The smoke inspector is charged iii the
petition with "recklessly and negligently
permitting the said nuisance.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1901-11-23
The Hunters Return.

GRAND FORKS, N D., Nov. 22.-The
party of hunters which left here two
weeks ago for the West returned yester-
day, after very successful hunt. The
members of the party were A. F. Tur-
ner. William Bulge, s. Collins, E. c.
Cooper, H. P. Ryan w. f. Perry, s.
OVERLY, George B. Winship, of this city,
and Sam Bowers, who acted as cook
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1901-11-23
beaten by a Maniac.

FERGUS FALLS, Mimi, Nov. 22-John
Butas, a Finlander, living in the vicinity
of Deer Greek. this county, became vio-
lently insane this morning. His wife
started for the home of neighbor, but
he overlook her and struck her with a
heavy club, breaking her arm He tnen
proceeded to pound her about the head
and body, breaking several ribs and dis
figuring her in horrible manner. Her
screams brought neighbors to the rescue
and she was taken to the nearest nome,
and later committed to the hospital. His
wife wife is in critical condition. Butas fell
from a wagon, striking on his head, a
few DAYS ago. and his arrangement IS
supposed to be the result OF ms injuries
Miss Mcbride Becomes Bride.
'l HURON, S. D.. Nov. 22.-H. S. Mouser.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1901-11-23
POWDER HOUSE EXPLODED.
Disastrous Fire in the FayaI Iron
Mine Results.

EvELETH, Mimi, Nov. 22-Fire broke
out In the powder house of one of the
drifts in No. shaft at the Fayal mine.
A large amount of powder was exploded,
resulting in the death of Flemish
miner. An alarm was turned in and
responded to promptly by the fire de-
partment, but, owing to the fire being
zoe feet under ground, they were power
less to check it. The frame work and
t:mbers are still burning, there being
no way at present to check the fire,
which will undoubtedly have to burn out
completely before it will be safe to enter
the mine. The loss will reach many
thousands of dollars, but the Fayal Iron
company feel satisfied to stand the loss
as long as there are no lives lostu. The
origin of the fire is at present unknown
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1901-11-23
Steamer Released.

LONDON. Nov. 22.-The steamer Ban
RICH. which was detained here this week
by the British authorities on the suspl-
cion of being a Beer flibuster, has been
released and will proceed to Hamburg.
A member of the vessels crew is author
ity for the statement that the Banrigh
will then proceed to Colon, where she will
be used by the Colombian government
as a gunboat
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1901-11-23
Iowa Harness Dealer in Luck.

Special to The Globe.
MASON CITY, Iowa. Aoy. ?z.-Willian N
w. Taylor harness dealer has peen in
formed that he is one of the heirs to
the $2,5OO,OO0 Flagler estate. TAYLOR
came west about twenty years ago with
a carload of New York children, was
adopted by Steven Cogswell, we'll raised,
and is an Industrious business man. He
has not yet been apprised of his share of
the estate. 1t may possibly be divided
between twelve heirs.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1901-11-23

Lake, Mimi; Rev. and Mrs J. N. Yivir
saker, A. c. Yivisaker, Mr.. and Mrs
A. c. Erstad, of Zumbrota; Miss Estvem,
of Willmar; Mrs Noben, of Lake Park,
Mimi. Mrs. Wevly, of Highlandville
Iowa; Mrs. A. C.. Luros and Miss Luros,
of DEBORAH, Iowa; Rev. and Mrs. A K.
Sagen, of La Crosse Wis; Rev. and Mrs.
L. ]. Jerdee and Prof. J. L. Hort, Of
Minneapolis.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1901-11-23

OTTAWA, Ont, Nov. 22.-The story of
the plot, based upon official reports to
the minister of the Interior is as fol-
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1901-11-23
Roosexelts Take a Cruise.

WASHINGTON, Nov. 22-President
and Mrs. Roosevelt, accompanied by their
children left here this afternoon on the
yacht Sylph, for brief cruise down the
Potomac A presidential salute OF
twenty-one guns was fired as the prest-
dent went aboard the yacht The pres
ident and his family will be gone day
or Two.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1901-11-23
chief DeYery AppeaIs.

NEW YORK, Nov 22.-Deputy Commits
<s!oner of Police William Devery today
filed in the supreme court notice OF
arneal to the appellate division from the
decision of Judge OGorman denying the
writ of prohibition to prevent Justice
William drawers Jerome from holding
the hearing on the charges of oppression
preferred against Devery by Policeman
O'Neill
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1901-11-23
Chamber1ain saving Himself.

LONDON, Nov. 22.-The friends Of
Joseph Chamberlain, the colonial secre-
tary, have for some time been concern
ed with regard to his health. Today
Mr.. Chamberlain wrote the Handsworth
school. declining to distribute prizes at
that institution because as he said, it
is absolutely necessary for me to confine
mySelf to public work
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1901-11-23
OCEAN LINERS.

New York-Arrived: Graf Waldersee,
Hamburg. Boulogne and Plymouth.
ST. Vincent-Arrived: Belgian King.
San Francisco via Montevideo for Ant
werp.
Que enstown-Arrived: Lucania, from
New York for. Liverpool Sailed: Waes-
land, Philadelphia; Island, Boston (both
from LiverpooD.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1901-11-23
,.,ehiaan selects Orators.

ANN ARBoR, Mich, Nov. PIN the
interrdepartment debate held here tonight
L. O. Meigs won first prize; ii. Sonnen-
schein second: A. j. O'Connor third.
These three men will represent the
with Northwestern university to be held
here Jan. 10, 1902 Mayor Maybury, OF
Detroit presided.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1901-11-23
BEYOND DOUBT.
THESE FACTS MUST CONVINCE
EVERY ST. PAUL READER
That which follows is the expert
ence of resident of st. Paul. In
credu1ity cannot exist about the
statement, because it can easis.
be inyestigated

Capt. J. J. Mulcrone, Of Hook and
Ladder Company No. l, Fort street, cor
ner of Ninth street, says: The value
of Doans Kidney Pills is beyond ques-
ton. A diserdered condition of my kid
neys was made manifest by pains in my
back, which at times were SO severe as
to interfere with my sleep. Learning
about the merits of Doan' S Kidney Pills
I procured them at F, M. Parker's drug
store, opposite the posioffice. 1t did not
require quite all the pills in one box
to entirely end the pains, and my sleep
was rendered restful and refreshing. "
For sale by all dealers. Price so cents
FOSTER Iilburn Co., Buffalo, N Y, sole
agents for the United States.
Remember the name Doan's and take
no substitute.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1901-11-23
LAID THE PLOT
FOR THE PROPOSED OVERTHROW
OFF CANADIAN AUTHORITY
Mounted Police sIeaths Given Credit
for Unearthing the Plans of
the Censpirators and
Polling Them.

VICTORIA, B. c., Nov. 22.-There was
an organized conspiracy to seize Dawson,
secure the barracks of the Northwest
mounted police, with their arms and am
munition, loot the banks and pillage the
property of the rich Northern gold field.
These facts are confirmed by James
Seeley, formerly of this city, now head
of the secret service of the Northwest
mounted police. He is now in this city
and says that not only was there con-
spiracy to overthrow Canadian rule in
the Yukon and loot Dawson, but the
scheme Matched by the conspirators was
a very feasible one and had it's existence
not been discovered by the secret service
of the Yukon and nipped in the bud the
conspirators could have accomplished
their purpose and after taking Dawson,
could have held that place and the Yu-
kon for six weeks or two months
The conspiracy was born at Dawson
and had branch at Skagway, but no
existence In any point to the south OF
Skagway. although efforts We're made to
secure the assistance of pre-Boer sympa-
thizers in Seattle and other points in the
United States. The plot was laid last
summer Several American Fenians who
had drifted to Dawson, got together and
formed an organization which was called
the "Order of the Midnight Sun. A
number of others were gathered In and
the order grew until there were several
hundred adherents in September, when
the members of the secret service in the
Yukon became aware of it's existence.
OTTAWA, Ont, Nov. 22.-The story of
the plot, based upon official reports to
the minister of the Interior. is as fol-
lows:
About three weeks ago the police at
Dawson, under the direction of Supt
Wood, Swallowed a man whom they
deemed suspicious character The pe-
lice got into this mans confidence, and
he finally disclosed a plot, which he said
had been formed by people at Skagway
and Seattle. The headquarters of the
conspiracy was located at Skagway and
it was ascertained who the chracters as
associated with it,, were, and where the
papers bearing upon the plot were kept
There was nothing, however, to show any
overt act of treason to the United States
or Canada, consequently the authorities
could not take any proceedings. In the
meantime the parties connected with the
plot are closely watched.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1901-11-23
minneapolis Gets N. E. A.

WINONA. Mimi, Nov. 22-The exeeu-
tive committee of the National Educa-
tiona1 association has selected Minneapo-
lis for the next annual convention, July
to IL, 1902 The railroads of the West
ern Passenger association have granted
the usual rates and ticket conditions.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1901-11-23
Semi Up for Five Years.

BENSON, Mimi, Nov. 22.-Judge Qvale
Yesterday sentenced Henry Reed and
Henry johnson to five years each in
the penitentiary for robbery. The case
of Hosea Hayes against Dr.. McCabe
for $500 damages; as the result OF Nc NC
spring, is now on trial.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1901-11-23
necora Ga. Gusher Tapped.

Upton, Ind, Nov. pa $4,000, O00-foot
gas well came in today on the Hobbs
farm. near here. The well is equal to.
if not larger. than the celebrated w al
lace well, discovered near Fostoria, Ohio,
seven years ago. at that time said to be
the biggest gushel on record.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1901-11-23
EFFORT TO BAR CROWLEY.
Pastor of Holy Name Cathedral Goes
Into Court.

CHICAGO. Nov. PA bill was filed in
the Cook county circuit court here 10
day by the Rev. Michael J. Fitzsimmons,
pastor of the Holy Name cathedral ask
ing that Rev. jeremiah J. Crowley, the
communicated priest. be restrained
from entering the cathedral or attend
ing divine worship in that edifice. The
bill states that every time that the ie
posed priest has entered the church since
his accommodation the services have
been interrupted.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1901-11-23
MI. phillips Gets a Job.

Special to The Globe.
SIOUX FALLS, s. D, Nov. PIT was
announced today that Nye r. Pnliiips'
ey-warden of the Sioux Falls peniten-
tiary has been selected as private Sec
rotary to United States Senator Kilt
Tedge.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1901-11-23
Iron Pine Foundry win Run.

WEST SUPERIOR. Wis, Nov. PIT
his been announced that the local steel
plant will be run during the entire win
ter. and viii employ a force of over six
ty-fiye men. This is the first winter IN
several years that the plant has been
operated.