The Montgomery advertiser., 1901-09-15
CORRECT ENGLISH
 AND HOW TO USE II
By JOSEPHINE TURcK BAKER.
 ,s Lesson TX.

By JQ8EHAlNG IOHsNAN- P<SSNNNN''
 " Lesson TX. Writers of sorrsss Eaflisn For thIs reason students are invariably adviser to read the best works of the best writers h order that they psy acquire proficiency impossible to learn to speak or to. write correctly by reading the works ef good writers as it Is to learn to paint fine pie great painters. Before one can attain to any art one must first understand not only the, rules and principles of the art, reason why students do not receive the full benefit from the reading of standard authors Is because they have not mas- apt to commit rules to, memory with but ittle eognizance of their full significance, and, in ,consequence. with 1but little un- derstanding Of their application. Many pupils complete courses in grammar ana rhetefic and give but little fyidence, eith- erln speech or in writing. Aat they have any practical knowledge of the correct usage of the language. It Is utterly use less to learn rules unless one learns how to apply them. By reading models of to dis5ern a work which has literary value from one which has none in the same way that one can discern a fine painting from an inferior )6ne., but one cannot learn to write correctly any more than 2ohe can learn to paint artistieaiiy unless one understands exactly how.
  The following study In srammaticai construction with appended notes, is giy- en so that the attention of the reader forms but to the rule which is ln each case the criterion of examinations E Study in Grammatical constraction. From Cicero's Arraignment of Catiiine,) How far, o Catiline! wilt ql thou abuse Gsf 6ssp psisaifs iasies in aoS tSy 0ns mad what extreme wilt t0 thoJ carry thy Paiatiam?' i' Nothing by the city guards! ! Nothing. by the assembling ef the Senate averted looks of all here present?
 Seest thou not that all thy plots are ex- posed d?-that thy wretched conspiracy is here in the Senate2--tfat we are well aware of the proceedings of last night of the night before the place of meet Ing, the company cenvoked. the measures o. the times! o. the morals of the times! The Senate understands all this. lives. Lives? Ay, truly. and cofffonts Us here in council-presumes to take part in our deliberations-and, with his us for slaughter! And we. the while duty to the state # we do but succeed s,sa e in wsrding off this madman's sword and Long since. o Catiline! ought the Consul to have ordered thee to execution and ton thou hast been plotting against oth- CTS! There was in Rome that virtue once that 8 wicked citizen was held more execrable. than the deadliest foe. For thee, Catiiine, we have still law Think not because we are forbearing that we are powerless.
 among our archives like a sword in It's scabbard-a statute which makes thy life the forfeit of thy crimes. And. should t6) put GrSsF tc O 0a O dou hs st.if M os men would say that the punishment, in- stead of being too cruel. was only too But. for sufficient reasons I will (6) 8 while postpone the, blow. Then will I doom thee when no man is to be found thyseif that he EilL %t,'S Rcs;, sdmit ths sebt man who ventures to defend thee. live!
 But thou shalt @ live so beset. so hem med in. so watched by the vigilant guards have placed around thee, that thou shalt O not stir foot against the re- shall be eyes to detect thy slightest move ment and ears to catch thy wariest whis- per. Thou shalt be seen and heard when thou does not dream of witness near. The darkness of night shall S) not cover thy treason; the walls of privacy shall not stifie It's voice.
 Bafied on all sides, thy most secret projects clear as monday. what canst thou now devise? Proceed, plot, conspire as thou wilt. there is nothing nsd thou canst cans, not promptly be made aware of. Thou shalt soon be convinced that l am even more active in providing for, for the tn ,:. preser- The figures, 1. 2 3. etc.. refer 4d the fol- lowing notes: III I'll
 Explanatory Notes. ct
 1. How far. O CatiIine, wAEy thou correct. because it expresses S4lAgghessi on the part of the person addressed; Thus: How far Q Catiline, is, it thy will 99.nth9u or th99 art willing to abuse our pa- If Cicero had, asked, How far, Catt- line, shalt thou abuse our patience?' he would have used an incorrect form, for shalt thou abuse our patience?. means TSast How fsf 2 Sstili9ss. 2, art thoa go, that Catttfe would have been unable to Ahswct, for the reason that he would havs been unable to determine the limit of the speakers patience.
 ,. How long shalt thou baftie justice In thy mad career?' The use of shalt is GSrrec because it means ,nS srt thou thou s0 iHg to -bafie justice in thy mad careerP' If Cicero had asked How long wilt thou baffie, justice in thy mad careerr he How. long wilt thou bafife lTsticer means How long art thou willing to baff1e 1usticeE AS Catlnne would Ilave been willing to baffle justice indefinitely the question would have been futile.
 S''To what extreme wilt thou carry thy audacfty?'' The use of wilt is cor rect, because it expresses willingness on the part of the person addressed: ITO what extreme is 1t thy will or art thou willing to carry thy audacityg' If Cicero had asked ITO what extreme shalt thou carry thy audacity?' he would have used an incorrect form, because shalt thou carry thy audacity'' means "art thou go- ing to carry thy audacity" Either shalt or wilt could have been used with equal propriety.
 And we,- rfIe while think we have amply -dischaFkedVo Votf duty to the State," etc. This form Is correct. because amply Is properly placed. Rule: The adverb Is placed before the transitive verb on ac- count Of the object following. but when an auxiliary is used the adverb is placed between it and the principal verb.
 Note-In compound lenses. the adverb comes after the first auxiliary if the verb Is In the active voice, and next to the principal verb If it Is in the passive voice. s And should I order thee" etc. Should frequently expresses a supposi- tion. Rule: Should IS properly used when were-to can be used inIits steadC S. r will while postpone the blow" Will in the first person expresses a reso- lution or a promise. It -expressessa a prom lse in this sentence. -s STss -,
 l. Shall in the second person expresses