davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-03-25
HISTORIC Fl. CLINTON
TO Be DESTROYED.
Famous in Revolutionary Annals
and as the Pugilistic Court for
West Point Cadets.
REPUBLIC SPECIAL

fSEfl lblLC SfEClAlA
West Point, N. Y. March A-Alumni of
the United States Military Academy have
learned with sadness that, included in the
appropriations for the maintenance and i'm
provement of the academy made by the
''billion- and "a -half-dolar" Congress. recent
ly adjourned. which amounts to more than
$500 900. is an item of 5000 for the demoli-
tion of old Fort Clinton. This sum has
been allotted for filling in the bitches and
ieveliug the parapets Of this Revolutionary
relic, whose innumerable associations, his
torical and academic, have made 1t especial
ly dear to all students of West Point.
Fort Clinton. built In the early days of
the Revolution. was one Of the most sub
stantial of the many redoubts and small
forts located in this region. 1t commanded
a clean. sweeping view of the Hudson and
at the base of the hill on which its walls of
masonry now crumb!ing to dust were built
was fastened one end OF the famous chain
stretched across the river at West Point to
keep back the ships Of King George. 1t
was originally named Fort Arnold, after
Benedict Arnold, then patriot leader and
afterwards traitor. After Arnods treason
Washington changed the name Of the fort
to Clinton.
In it are stored old trophies of war and
many relics of Revolutionary times, and a
resting place within its old-fashioned en-
placements. The very chain spoken Of
above is among the many memorials housed
there.
Aside, however from its value as relic
of revolutionary days, 1t has place in the
heart of every cadet ever graduated from
the military academy. Within its sturdy
old walls many cadet H.eetings. both Of .
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-03-25
AMERICAN TRACT SOCIETY.
Review of Work Done in Army
and New Possessions.

Washington. March 24.-The Washington
annual meeting of the American Tract So
ciety was held to-day in the Gunton-Temple
Memorial Church, the Reverend Masa S.
F'iske, pastor, presiding. The Reverend Jud-
son Swift, field secretary of New York.
presented a brief report Of the society's
work.
General o. o. Howard delivered an earnest
address. setting forth the object and needs
perience a somewhat detailed account of
the Tract Society's work In the army, en-
phasizing how much good it accomplished
during the recent Spanish war. He also told
about what was being done in our island
possessions. General Howard is the So
ciety's president. and is deeply interested
in its work.
The secretary's report stated that the
society was organized Ito diffuse knowledge
of Christ as the redeemer of sinners" In
this work 1t has issued between thirteen
home and in the foreign field. The society
through its system of colportage strives to
carry the Gospel message to millions that
are unreached by the church. During the
fifty-nine years Of colportage over 1900, 900
family visfts have been made and nearly
15.O0 900 families have been prayed with or
spoken to in person on religion. while 16.-
0Co. 500 pages of Christian readings have
been left in their homes. The society has
languages or dialects, and has aided the de-
nominational mission boards in their work
at home and abroad. During the year be-
tween four and five million pages of Chris
tian literature in the Spanish language have
been distributed in our island possessions.
and 100000 pages of selected reading have
been distributed to the army and navy.
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-03-25
DIED AT AGE
OF Iol Years.
Mrs. Reinstaedler, Mother of City
Marshal Reinstaedler, Succumbs
to Severe Cold.

Mrs. Catherine Reinstaedler died at St.
Mary's Intirmary. Sixteenth and Papin
street. Sunday night, at the age Of 1O1
years months and IS days. Until two
weeks ago Mrs. Reinstaedler enjoyed per-
feet health. never having oeen sick; she
was able to read without glasses and took
an active interest in the affairs of the
world.
Henry Reinstaedler, City Marshal is a
stepson and the only living relative, so far
as known, in st. Louis.
The aged woman was well known in Ger
man circles, and many prominent persons
North Sixteenth street, to discuss current
events.
Mrs. Reinstaedler was a remarkable wom-
an, not only for her longevity. but for her
and events which now so to make up musty
history. She well remembered events con-
nected with the regime of Napoleon and
contemporaneouS European rulers.
Mrs. Reinstaedler was born In Reisten-
felde, Germany. in 1900. Her maiden name
was Maria Katherine Mstze. Her fist hus-
band was a Mr. Fran. Seven children were
born to the couple. and one OF them Is an
inmate Of a soldiers home in California.
One child died and the five daughters dis
appeared. She had not heard from any OF
them for fourteen years.
She came to st. Louis in 1871, and her
husband died shortly after. Two years
later she was remarked to. Ludwig Rein-
staedler. She has been a widow for twen-
by her stepson. City Marshal Henry Rein
siaedler. She lived alone at the house at
No 10l1 North Sixteenth street, and, on the
occasion of her 100th anniversary, large
number of acQuaintanceS called to wish her
happiness.
Two weeks ago Mrs. Reinstaedler con-
tracted cold which. On account of her
age, caused her to take to bed. She was
few days she was unable to talk, and she
gradually grew worse until the end came
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-03-25
NEW YORK PREACHERS
LAUD ANDREW CARNEGIE

vading our American capita lists will stop
the quarrel between labor and wealth."
Carnegie 81 Revolutionist.
Andrew Carnegie is a revoiutonist, de-
clared Mr.. Frank, in Carnegie Lyceum, Sun
day morning. with one bold stroke he has
uptorn by the roots one OF the vested ideas
of the race. 1t has always been assumed
that he who acquired wealth was it's only
ri.htful owner and possessor, despite the
claim Of all contestants. But this prince OF
industrials, whose wealth has almost
reached the top notch of human achieve
ment, seems to have discovered new gos-
pei and fearlessly procaims its principles.
Mr.. CarnegieS philanthropic chef
o'oeuvre has created genuine CONSERVATION
in the ranks of the Bourbon rich. The old
school millionaires who either devoted them
selves to narrow environment of the busi-
ness office or squandered their wealth in
lavish expenditure and luxurious abandon
ment, frequenting the cafes, emblazoning
on the air their jeweled splendors, surround
ed by their women attired in decolette at
tire. who sought little more in life than
either the delight of industry or the fasci-
nations Of dissipations. find in this Indus
trial hero 4 silent rebuke which must In
time force them to the recognition of their
folly and the pursuit of sturdier ideals.
Let it not be forgotten that Mr.. Carne-
gie's benefcence has been displayed just
in the nick of time. The strain between
the upper and neither classes. SO called, be-
tween the capitalistic powers and the toll
ing masses. has of late been so intense that
it must soon lead to serious consequences
unless it is relaxed"
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-03-25
TOO GENEROUS FOR ROBBERS.
Man Who Gave One a Cigar Was
Assaulted.

E. G. Winter. Postmaster at Jefferson
Barracks. received blow on the head Sum
day night as a reward for his generosity in
rendering a highwayman cigar when he
asked for match.
After assaulting Mr.. Winter. the two
highwaymen, who had surrounded him, evi-
IDENTIFY lost courage, for they made no effort
to rob him. and the only plunder they Sc
cured was map Of the Buffalo Exposition,
which one Of them snatched from his hand.
Mr.. Winter was on his way to his home
at No. 1902 South Eleventh street, and when
ne reached the southeast corner of Eleventh
and Marion streets he was stopped by two
young men, who were standing on the cor
ner: One of the men asked him for a
match Mr.. Winter reached in his pocket
ano nanded him cigar and while he was
screening for a match the other robber
struck him on the head with a blunt in
strument- Mr.. Winter screamed, and the
man who had delivered the blow snatched
away. followed by his partner.
MI, Mr. winter hurried to the Third District
H0nce station and reported the hold-up. Mr..
Winter sustained only slight confusion on
the top Of the head ''1
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-03-25
Ill Health and Alleged Financial
Reverses Supposed to Have
Been the Cause.
LIFE WAS SAVED BY HIS WIFE.
Mrs. J. George Smith Was Former
ly a Physician and Dressed
Her Husbands Bullet
Wound.


| REPUBLIC SPECIAL.
Chicago. ILL.,. March 24.-Despondency on
account of Ill health and alleged financial
reverses is supposed to have caused j.
George Smith to attempt suicide early Sun
day morning.
He Is head of the ]. George Smith Com
pany. manufacturers of Stoker boilers and
experlmenters in patents. He lives in one
of the handsomest residences in Chicago
Heights.
The attempt at suicide occurred shortly
before o'clock in the morning. Mr.. Smith
arose early before any other member of the
family and was heard by his wife walking
in the basement. She paid no attention to
him for a time. as she thought he had gone
to attend to the furnace. A little later she
was startled by a revolver shot. She hur-
ried to the basement and found her husband
lying in a hallway in front of his desk.
Blood was flowing from bullet wound in
his side and he was unconscious.
Mrs. Smith WAS formerly a physician, and
she hurriedly dressed the wound. pending
the arrival OF a physician who had been
hastily summoned. Mr. Smith has been
resident Of Chicago Heights for two years.
Besides a wife his family consists of two
daughters known in the social circles OF
the village.
Mr.. Smith was for many years engaged
IN business III Sl LOUIS he was d
of the firm of Smith & Davis of that city,
and was successful in business until a few
years before he left to move to Chicago
Heights. He Is said to have lost heavily
before he left the Missouri city in expert
menting on patents. and the fortune which
he had accumulated is reported to have
dwindled until little was left.
When he moved to Chicago Heights he
formed the ]. George Smith Company, and
l,y 10
the village that the concern was successful.
1t is said however. that his reverses
weighed heavily on his mind. He had also
be en- Ill for several weeks
He is 60 years old and. while his wifes
ministrations saved his life, 1t is feared
that the shock. coupled with his declining
years, may result fatally.
J. George Smith and H. n. Davis found
ed the Smith & Davis Manufacturing Com
pany here eighteen years ago. Six years
ago Smith sold out to c. e. Curly and
moved to Chicago. Davis has since To-
Gated In California.
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-03-25
WOMAN SERIOUSLY
WOUNDS A BOY.
His Skull Is Fractured and He
May Lose Sight of
One Eye.

August Diesedheim, Is years old. who
lives with his parents at No. 1l6 Russell
avenue. was struck on the head with a
brick thrown by Mrs. Martha Link Sunday
afternoon and is suffering from a fracture
of the skull. He may lose the sight of his
left eye.
Mrs. Link lives at No. 215 Lafayette ave
nue.. She Is under arrest and admits the
assault. She says that she thought the
boy and his companions we're members Of
crowd that had been calling her names
and throwing stones at her. She said that
earlier in the day some boys had tormented
her and she thought when she saw three
boys coming down the street that they
We're returning for the same purpose. She
came out of her house and struck Diesed-
helm with the brick.
The injured boy was removed to the office
Oscar Otto of No 1721 South Second street
and Spencer Rainey of No. 1904 South Sec
ond street when the assault was committed.
The three boys declare they were in no
way implicated in the trouble referred to by
Mrs. Link.
The injured by was removed to the Office
of Doctor Schmidt. No. 2121 South Broad
way. who pronounced him in a serious con-
dition. He was removed to his home by his
brother and friends,
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-03-25
TO.DAY'S NEWS IN BRIEF.
LOCAL AND SUBURBAN.

The suicide of H. Charles Humphrey. the
tenor, and the death of Miss Katie wright
a music teacher. are subjects of sermon
by the Reverend Doctor W. w. Boyd Oh
Second Baptist Church. which both at
tended
Former Mayor Walbrdge and professor
II. c. Ives speak at Temple Israel on mn-
nicipal problems.
Secretary McElwee of the State Board OF
Health advises those who have mumps not
TO worry. but stay indoors.
Representatives of all the negro Demo.
cratic clubs meet and organize central
auxiliary Of the Jefferson Club.
Judge B. r. Burroughs of Edwardsville
receives strong support for the Democratic
nomination to succeed Judge philips on the
Illinois Supreme Bench.
Mrs Martha Link seriously wounds
boy.
Mrs Abby Smell Burnell, a missionary.
tells in an address Of the hardships OF a
high caste Hindu woman.
Democrats plan great parade and mass
meeting for next Saturday night as a clos
ing event Of the campaign.
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-03-25
REPUBLIC SPECIAL.

REPUBLIC SPECIAL.
New York, March A.-Doctor Madison y.
Peters of the Sumner Avenue Baptist
Church, Brooklyn, and the Reverend Henry
Frank of the Metropolitan Independent
Church, both referred to-day to Andrew
Carnegie's offer Of s5.20O.000 to New York
City for sixty-five library buildings.
MIR. Carnegie, by his benevolence, has
clipped the wings of riches SO that they do
not fly away" said Doctor Peters in his
sermon. while at the same time he has
sweetened the breath of society and de-
prived the agitator of his stock in trade
when he infuriates the mob to deeds of vio-
lence and confiscation.
when the rich men Of America and all
other lands shall stretch out to the strug-
Cling masses of humanity the kindness of
Mr. Carnegie, they will do what shot and
shell cannot do; what severe laws severely
executed cannot; what armies with bayonets
cannot do-end the age of dynamite.
Every one who has srudfed the condition
Of the people must certainly know that the
masses are restless. restlessness which
threatens to overturn the present condition
of things and not until the spirit of Mr..
Carnegie somes down to the bank stocks
and railway stocks and the securities and
the great business houses will that disaster
be averted. The spirit Of MIR. Carnegie per-
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-03-25
,aceful and hostile character. have taken

place
The marble shaft standing high on the
northeastern corner of the parapet sur
rounding Fort Clinton and erected to COM
memorate the deeds of Thaddeus Kosciusko
must be removed to some other position on
the destruction of this part of the fort. It
occupies a most conspicuous place In the
old fort plainly to be seen from the Hud-
son. Within the shadow of this monument
is another secluded spot where many a
plebe went forth to be Inundated" in his
encounter with the upper-class men.
1t is said that this spot was the battle
ground of the fight which Cadet (now Lieu
tenant Deem fought during his "plebe"
year. when he fought fifty-eight rounds to a
draw with the upper-class man chosen to
defend the honor of the corps. Lieutenant
Deem graduated last month and was the
only cadet who acknowledged before the
Investigating Committee that he had hazed
former Cadet Booz.
Every June. just a day or two before the
graduation. Of the first class. the whole
corps has been accustomed to meet at twi-
light under the sturdy elms. now grown
within the inclosure and settle differences
as to class distinction in friendly man.
ner. Then the "plebe" begin to breathe
life anew. Old books are burned and class
songs SUNG.
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-03-25
Art Needlework.

Pillow Tops.
Japanese Crepe, Oriental designs,
in green; also French squares, in
assorted plaids.
25c each.
Stamped and tinted, in assorted
patterns, including Poppies. Roses,
French Feather, Automobile In
dian Heads, etc,
White or Ecru, Honiton, Renais-
sance and Arabian Lace and fancy
Gold and Silver Braids for Bole-
ros, Jackets, Collars and Dress
Trimming.
Lace Patterns.
Outlined designs for Boleros, Jack
cts, Collars, Handkerchiefs, D.
Oyleys, Curtains and Dresser Scarfs
Sc to SOC each.
rlaterials
For Fancy Work
In extensive variety, consisting of
Canvas, Embroidery Silks, Mer-
cerized Cottons, Jewels, Wools,
Laces, Japanese Coins, Spangles,
Beads, etc.
Asbestos flats.
Embroidered Linen, Asbestos
lined-square, oval or round-va-
ried sizes,
zoe to 81 each.
For office, cottage or library, in
large and varied assortment of
entirely new shapes and color ef-
fects, 60c to 81 each.
Lace Curtains
In Varied Selection Of Entirely New
Patterns.
Brussels, Renaissance,
Arabian, Cluny,
Nottingham, Marie Antoinette
Irish Point, Ruff1ed Net,
Csc to $500 per Pair.
Special.
ITS pairs Colonial Stripe Swiss
Muslin Curtains, with 6 ruff1es of
the same material, desirable for
bedroom or cottage furnishings,
Sl.4S per pair.
Usual retail price, $3.50.
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-03-25
Imported Model Hats.
London Styles.
White Goods.

White Goods.
Fancy Madras, imported goods. Csc
Regular Retail Price 4Oc.
Plaid Madras, varied styles rs
Regularly Worth Csc.
India Twill, 4 different styles. .15c
Usual Retail Price Csc.
Linen Department.
Towels.
At Less Than Regular Prices.
Huck, Hemstitched, size 17x32
Regularly Worth 15c.
Huck. Hemmed. size 20x40
inches. .15c
Usual Retail Price 2Oc.
Huck, Heavy All-Linen, Hem
med, size 21x43 inches .......21c
Instead of 25c.
Huck, Fine All-Linen, Hem
stitched, size 20x39 inches .25c
Would Be Good Value for 30c.
Huck, Fine All-Linen. Hem
stitched, size 20x40 inches. %. SOC
Regularly 40c.
Huck, Fine All-Linen, Hem
stitched, size 22x41 inches. ..3Sc
Usual Retail Price 45c.
Huck, All-Linen Birds
Eye, Hemmed, size 20x4O in. Csc
Usual Retail Price 3Oc.
WOmen's Kid Gloves.
Spring Weights, Spring Colors.
Clasp or Lacing.
$1.OO per Pair.
Our assortment of Kid Gloves for
the Spring and Summer seasons of
1901 is now complete; it includes
the ''Duprez" in all sizes and col
ors. Sl.OO Per Pair.
Quality of material and work
manship considered, the Du-
PREF is the best dollar Glove on
the market.
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-03-25
Catholic Mission Begun.

Mattoon. H.. March 24-sunday two Paul
ist priests. the Reverend Fathers Francis
B. Doherty and Bertrand L. Conway. of
New York City, arrived from Chicago,
where they have been holding special serv-
ices with great success. and began a two
weeks mission service at the Church of the
Immaculate Conception. aided by the rector
gins and Kelley. The Paulist fathers will
devote one week to special instructions Of
non-Catholics
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-03-25
HAILSTORM IN ILLINOIS.
MANY Window Panes and Fruit
Trees Destroyed.

REPUBLIC SPECIAL.
Windsor. ILL.,, March 24.-Farmers in East
Shelby County had thousands Of dollars
worth of young fruit trees and shrubs de-
stroyed this evening, the result of terrific
hailstorm, which came up from the South
west about $50 p. m
Young stock suffered much. and such as
could not obtain shelter will die.
Hailstones as large as the TRADITIONAL
hens egg fell until the ground was covered.
and not house in town escaped with whole
window-panes
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-03-25
Marine Intelligence,

New York. March 24-Arrived: Etruria.
Liverpool and Queenstown: Britannia, Mar
: Kinsale, March 24.-Passed: Steamers
Pennland. Liverpool and Queenstown for
Philadelphia; Tauric, New York for Liver
pool.
Liverpool. March A.-Arrived: Umb-ia,
New York, via Queenstown.
Queenstown. March H.-Sailed: Steamer
Lucania 0rom LiverpooD New York.
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-03-25

Eton and Mess Coats.
Taffetas Silk, Newest Partisan Ef-
fects, elaborately tucked and hem
stitched, collarless or with large
sailor collar,
$l2. 50 to $4,000.
Broadcloth, Cheviot or Kersey, in
entirely new effects, with plain
collar of same material; also Lace
or Batiste collar, white or black
lining,
SS.75 to $500.
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-03-25
RAILROADS.

Another report is current that the Louis
willie and Nashville is after the Seaboard Air
Line
Construction will begin soon, 1t is said, on
the Springfield, Jefferson City and Chicago.
An engineer has devised an appliance to
prevent train robberfes.
Some more points are given about that
fast run on the Savannah. Florida and
Western.
1t is said the Erie Railroad Company has
consummated deal to get into Erie. Pa.
The Leckawanna has expended 2,Hb,S26
on Improvements during the past year.
The New York Central will erect two new
steel draw bridges.
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-03-25
Paris Styles.
Wash Goods.

Wash Goods.
One of the most interesting depart
ments in our entire store. We have
added to stock several lines of I'M
ported Cotton Dress Novelties at
exceptionally low prices.
English Madras.
$50 pieces of Book Fold Madras in
assorted solid colors and fancy
stripes, desirable for Shirt Waists,
l5c per yard.
Scotch Ginghams,
200 pieces of Plaids, Stripes,
Checks, solid and blended color
ings.
Csc per yard.
Anderson's Madras
90 Styles
OF Fancy Stripes, in blue, pink,
lavender, red. heliotrope and
black; also Roman Stripes and a
full line of solid colors.
40c per yard.
r1orrc celiue do Snie
In solid colorings, including pink,
blue. red, tan. gray, marine and
royal blue, yellow and black, with
embroidered rings of self-color,
SOC.
Canvas de Sole,
Solid CoIors.
In stylish shades OF gray, hello
trope, pink. red, etc.
SOC per yard.
Silk Gingham, Pongee,
Sateen, India Dimity,
Irish Linen Lawn, Costume Linen,
Chambray, Ponginelle,
Embroidered Swiss, Satin de Lyon,
French Pique, Foulardette,
Mousseline de Sole, English Galatea,
Homespun Linens. Grass Linen,
Punjab, Batiste,
English Madras, English Oxfords.
In designs and colorings not OBJ
tainable elsewhere,
lOc to $500 per yard.
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-03-25

and Door Company. CT which Charles ii.
Huttig is president, Saturday notified its
employees that an advance Of per cent
Zig said Sunday night that the company
had decided that Its business and the faith
full services ct its employees had justified the
increase in wares.
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-03-25

cldOOIdCS 6u0CCS.
Tail0r.Made Dress Skirts.
Canvas, Cheviot, Etamine, Gran
lite and Broadcloth, made over
silk,
$500 to $4,000.
Dress Skirts.
Lace. Net, Chiffon, Taffetas, Silk
and Crepe de Chine, each one an
exclusive model,
$1,000 to $500.
Taffetas Silk, trimmed with Vel
vet Ribbon and Ruching, unlined,
$3.50 to $500.
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-03-25


English Box Coats.
Unfinished Worsted, Covert or
Whipcord, lined with Taffetas
Silk and Satin,
$500 to $500.
Louis the XIV Coats.
Made of Special High Grade Taf-
fetas and Peau de Sole,
$65.O0 to $4,000.
Capes.
Broadcloth, black and assorted
colors, Applique on Silk and Net,
$3.50 to $4,000,
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-03-25
KRUGER TO VISIT AMERICA.
L His Health Permits He May Do
So Next Month.

London. March 1-The Geneva corrs-
spondent of the Daily Mail says it is re-
ported there that Mr.. Kruger II hts health
month.
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-03-25
REMOVAL NOTICE.

We viii move on or about April to our
new building at s15 Locust street. Bud
weiser Beer and Wine Co.. I3-l5-17 North
The St. Louis Republic. [volume] (St. Louis, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1901-03-25
TO PUT DOWN REVOLT.
Whole Southern Region Of a Turk
ish Island in Rebellion

London, March A-The Ottoman Goven-
respondent Of the Times, has sent warship
to Marathooampos, Island of Samoa, off
the west coast Of Asia Minor, the whole
southern region being in rebellion.