Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1901-02-05
JOHN MARSHALL.

The one hundredth anniversary of the induction .ato office Of John Mar shall as Chief Justice Of the Supreme Court of the United States, was fit tfngly celebrated and commemofated thro aghout the country on Monday. he 4th inst. John Marshall is chiefly known to history as the great Chief Justice but he vas also renowned as a soldier. statesman and historian. He Was a9sa in FaGQater County,Eirginta ia6735 aad Was the eldest of a family ef fifteen children de never attended "a college. but acquired } knowledge of literature at home and under private tatorship. At the age of IS ne began to study law. but gave this ap in t775 at the breaking cut of the Revolution afv war.and distinguished himself as young office Tn t788 he was 2 mem. Ber of the Virginia convention to con- sfder the new American constitution in which he proved himself q strong supporter Of the new document, and. with Madison. secured it's ratification over the eloquent opposition Of Pat rick Henry.
 Washington tendered Marshall -an appointment as United States District Attorney and also a place on the Su preme bench, both Of which he deelif ed. h 1798. however, he accepted ap- pointment with Piciney and Gerry as envoy te France, which lie and Pick hey were ordered to leave on account Of their Federalistic views The fol olwina year he was elected to Con- greEs and was q strong Federalist In 1S00 President John Adams appointed him Secretary of War, and later See retary Of State, and one of Adams last acts was to appoint Marshall Chief justice Of he Supreme Court iii lS0t
 This f4et with the bitter opposition dt ffers3n. who had incurred great sszzfiI5fz-for Marshall 1t aot only de. uag1d Jefferson of the privilege Of making the appointment. but placed me of fhe bitterest and most formfd- aH1e opponents of his theories on tho SHefeaee Bench to construe the con stitHtan Marshall did not qualify ea- 1T the very day of Jeffcrson's inauep- ration and his first official act was to administer the oath of office to the uaw= President.
 Marsf1alfs decisions have pla.ed his name among the eminent iurists Of neW. constitution to define and develop, he proved the right man at the right time While a Federalist he believed in giving no implied powers to the new instrument hrt it's expressed powers an dtae machinery to execute the pnr- poses for which the constitution was created Nerc vigorously enforced It was Marshall who declared the right of He Supreme Court to declare nn- constitutional tho acts of Congress: it a2s he Hho held that tha Federal coy e1nment had absolute power ovor com mer6e. foreign and intorstato; it was be who held that the State govern ments could not tax Federal bonds and securities; it was he who prevented state officers from tntcrferine with Federal officers; it was he who held that tho States could not nHllify Fed eral laws and it was he who declared the Federal courts superior to the State courts. But for his firm stand and holadecisions, always fortified and justified by clear, cogoNt and convinc- ing logic and arguments at critical time in the history of an infant na- ton, the United tSates would have been embroiled in countless conflicts of authority between the representa- tives and officers of the several States and the National government man like Marshall was needed to give force