The Hawaiian gazette. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1865-1918, 1901-06-14
THE MOSQUITO, MUST GO SAYS
UNCLE SANS ABLE SCIENTISTS

4
other southern States in South Africa.
the iowlAnds 20 Italy, India, south Amer
Boa and china malaria has ne strong
holdr
ON, - the most mAlanous districts in
th" world IL M. Roman Campagna, in
I Central Italy Up 20 year or two ago
any one who spent any length OF time
or who ever slept Tor a night IN that
section was sure TO contract malaria
THE ITALIAN EXPERIMENTS
Dr Patrick Manson professor OF msdi-
cine ia the School Of Tropical Diseas
! London. carried out IN 1890 a series o.
/ experiments in Italy which demoustrtt-
| ed that the mosquito ~ responsible TOR
ninc-tcnths Of all the malaria in ire
world
/ Or Manson. as early as 1854 while a
resident at Annoy. china began invcsti-
eating feyers and their causation nnd-
ing even then that mosquitoes were one
| or the principal causes OF various fobrile
diseases. To Or Manson Is, therefore,
due much OF the credit OF finding the
connection between malaria and the mos
quito.
| II WAS through DR.. Mansons efforts
/ that In 1900 a remarkable experiment was
carried out IN Italy. The British Govern
/ inent equipped an expedition for the pur-
u
mosquito
A small house was built IN the most
malarlouE section OF the Campagna. IL
was low-lying, single-story structure
with numerous doors and windows. All
these had mosquito-proof netting, there
being seventy neshes 20 the inch.
Underneath the caves OF the house an
open space ran parallel with the top OF
the windows This space was likewise
covered by netting.
This opening was made so that the IN
mates of the cottage would not suffer
from the heat Of the country during the
hot season, lasting from June to October
HOW NOT TO HAVE MALARIA.
The house on completion was occupied
by Drs. O. c. Low and Louis Sanborn,
also by Sig. Terri, an italian investiga-
tor A retinue OF servants was In at
tendance upon the investigators
The scientists did not live In the cot
tage during the entire course OF the ex-
pertinent. They only entered the screen
house at night. IT was the rule that
every one should be indoors an hour be-
fore shutdown and that no one should go
out until an hour after sunrise.
Free access to the Campagna swamps
was had during the day. No medicine of
any kind was taken by any of the party
during the experiment.
At the end Of the allotted time-from
June to October-not one of the party
had contracted the least sign of rHalarial
infection.
TO clinch matters some night flying fe-
male malarious mosquitoes were caught
and sent to London in a box. Dr. Man
sons son allowed himself, for the sake
Of science, 10 be bitten by these insects.
In three days time he had incipient ma
10 nj n. b.
malady was in full swing.
The Campagna experiment proved a
complete success. II not only demon
strated that the mosquito caused ma !
laria, but 1t fastened the crime upon the
very species and even the sex RESPONSE
bic for the disease.
IN TROPIC COUNTRIES.
Independent Investigations were con-
Quoted by Major Ronald Ross. an Off |
Ger In the East India service of the Brit
ish Army Major Ross work also de-
monstrated the malaria mosquito theory, |
and the British Government. through its |
School for Tropical Diseases is estab-
fishing mosquito-proof houses in all
places where malaria is prevalent
But long before the time OF I.ayeran.
Manson or Ross recognized the fact that
malaria, or a kindred disease under an
other name, prevailed In swampy places.
Greeks and Romans drained their
swamps and lowlands In very early
times. Before their time Eastern ma
uons fought fevers by draining off stag
nant water from unhealthy places and
purifying drinking water.
Not all mosquitoes cause malaria
Though there are upward of $50 known
species. II is proved that only those of
a single genus are malaria making These
are the anopheles. There is another ge-
nus-the culex-which is still under sus-
picIon.
The dangerous anophele U.s. however
widely distributed-in fact, malarious
are mixed up with the others
to an extent which makes one suspicious
Of anything in the mosquito line.
HOW TO TELL A MALARIA MOS
QUITO.
Here Is simple way in which a ma.
Iarial mesquite may be distinguished
from harmless one. Anopheles, when
sucking blood. hold themselves at right
angles to the surface from which they
are drawing their supply. their hind legs !
sticking straight up In the air. Harm
less mosquitoes rest on all their feet,
holding their bodies parallel 10 the skin.
Male mosquitoes are not blood-guckere.
The female Is the one that does the mis- {
,hief =,
Anolh'r noteworthy fact: Toe wing of
he h1IE 'ul mosquito IL distinguished by
our snail black specks In the shape of
cIoss
II you rec mosquito IN yOr~ LGnd !
Flth f,nr hlTck spots on IT. M. whoss
l"'d Hth'Dg attitude cOnsltrI M stand )
~ on l's head, do not perm MIN 10 =
rNnt ~ bill II may be iuI n ma :
HIll, ana Doctors bill mlggl follow !
Inc Bu' klnE apparatus OF uIJsiu 20 /,
b a f'Harka bic anair. Ins-4s of one )
ong probe u consists Of seven distinct =
'Afis Ihey are technically known as !
he hnirunnr, tho palp, labTum, hypO- =
'harynN, mandibls maKilla ana lablum. q.
me aforementioned member makes up /,
hn principal part ~ the sucker ana i
lrrrts the Insertion ~ some Of tbo other !,
'Arls through me hhn
low 4 MOSQUITO DOES Hls WORK q
When q mosquito bas found suitable u
lbyl VOL De ulHHrb tHs lHhlum over A