The Montgomery advertiser., 1901-07-13
The ADVERTISERS
 M HOME STUDY CIRCLE

begun with capie3ls only when efn- ployed as nouns of persons.
 B., The noun, article. adjective. pro- noun and verb are variable, or capable or infection, and must have much at tention from beginning to end, with frequent review. The invariabIe parts of speech are the adverb. proposition. conjunction, interject!on.
 9. The articles agree in gender and number with their nouns, except when for euphony's sake el replaces la before feminine noun beginning with &C., eented a.
 10. The forms of the definite article are in the singular el for masculine and la for the feminine: in the plural the masculine form is los, the feminine las The English word the translates all these forms.
 a. A neuter article, To, which has no plural, is used with an adjective con- sldered as an abstract quality--lo bue- no. To verdadero y 10 bello, the good. the true and the beautiful.
 b. One form of the definite article el, is contracted with the propositions de, of, and a, to--del zapatero, of the shoemaker; al zapato, to the shoe.
 c. The deanit earticle is widely eni- ployed where English omits 1t, as with general or abstract nouns-la fe, la es. peranza la caridad, faith. hope and charity: also with most names of coun- tries In formal or precise style-el em- bajador de la Francia, the Ambassa- dor of France; la Espana meridional. Southern Spain.
 II. The indefinite afticle un, una, 6 or an. IS used with singular nouns only. The forms unos unas, meaning some or several are indefinite pronouns. not articles.
 ta) Thefndefnite article is generally omitted before an appositive and before an unmodified predicate noun of na- tionality or profession after ser. to be: Vera Cruz, puerto de tMejico, Vera Cruz, a seaport of Mexico; yo tam bien soy pintor. I. too. am painter.
 F. The noun is infected only in taking an s or es at its plural ending It takes S, If it ends in an unaccented vowel or other than y: or in an &C., cented vowel other than ..
 (s) The grammatical gender of nouns depends chiefly on natural gender. but partly on the ending. Thus the endings and or mark the masculine gender. while the endings a, dad, tad, tud, ion. un.bre and is mark the feminine. Latin and Greek masculines and neu- ters have mostly become masculine,
 
 mon constructions: subject, object and predicate after verbs. and object of propositions. But the proposition a serves not only in the sense of to. but also as mere sign (not to be trans lated) that the noun following Is a di- rect object and represents a definite person, or an animal or thing personi- fled.
 The following sentences illustrate the peculiar construction just mentioned, as we'll as the preceding rules concerns ing nouns and articles. The figures in parenthesis refer to the rule which the preceding word illustrates: the brackets enclose words to be supplied in translation:
 l. In buen padre quiere a f13) sus hijos, good father loves his children. ?. Busco a (1S) mi caballo. am looking for my horse. 3. veo al (10 b and 1S) hombre, I see the man. 4. Tengo el libro del muchacho, have the boys book, 5. Fl ferrocarril de Mejico, the : Mexican railroad. Tengo una yaca y un caballo, I have a COW and horse. 1 :. Quiens( 5, 2 b) tiene al (13) perro? ? | Who >ilas the dog?. $. Fl hombre habla SUI hijo. the man speaks to his son. 9. Fl idioma de la niujer es el castel- lano, the woman's language is Spanish. 10. La mujer habla el ingles. the wo- man speaks English. II. Busca la lana el limo y trabaja gustosanente. con sus manos (she) seeks wool and flax and works willingly with her hands. F. Su modo de hacer negocios habla muy alto en su favor, his way of do- ing business speaks very loudly in his favor. 13. La profundidad del Q9, ex- ception) agua es de siete brazas, the depth of the water Is seven fathoms. 14. Las noticias de las colonias causan | mucho desalieuto, the news from the colonies causes much Encouragement. 15. Obra empezada. medic acabada, work begun 0s) half done.
 Copyright, 1900.)
 Editors note-This Is the first of a series of twelve lessons in the Span ish language which Professor George F. McKibben is writing for The Mont