davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The herald-advance. (Milbank, S.D.) 1890-1922, 1901-12-06

. A few OF the Western states have al
ready recognized this and have incorpo-
rated in their constitutions the doctrine
Of perpetual state ownership of water.
The benefits which nave followed the
unaided development of the past justify
the nations aid and cooperation in the
more difficult and important work yet to
be accomplished. Laws so vitality affect
ing homes as those which control the wa
tie" supply will only be effective when
they have the sanction of the irrigators;
reforms can only be final and satisfactory
when they come through the ~enlighten-
ment of the people most concerned. The
larger development which national aid in
sures should, however, awaken in every
arid state the determination to make it's
irrigation system equal in justice and
effectiveness that of any country in the
civilized world. Nothing could be more
unwise than for isolated communities to
continue to learn everything experiment.
tally instead of profting by what is al
ready known elsewhere. We are deal
Ing with a new and momentous question
In the pregnant years while institutions
are forming, and what we do will affect
not only the present but future genera
lions.
Our aim should be not simply to re-
claim the largest area of land and provide
homes for the largest number of people,
but to create for this new industry the
best possible social and industrial condi-
tons, and this requires that we not only
understand the existing situation, but
avail ourselves of the best experience of
the time in the solution of it's problems.
A careful study should be made both by
the nation and the states of the irrigation
laws and conditions here and abroad.
Ultimately it will probably be necessary
for the nation to cooperate with the
several arid states in proportion as these
states by their legislation and admin
tstration show themselves fit to receive 1t.
The herald-advance. (Milbank, S.D.) 1890-1922, 1901-12-06
kEClAIM ARID LANDS.

ldent Recommends the EN-.
Tia "ent OF Irrigation Laws.
reserves WISE sn administration of the forest
fSosa which depend on water than m ~
The vs "acn depend on wood and grass.
Forest a' ia supply itself depends upon the
land, uh IN the arid region it is water, no
Fwestern nhcn measures production. The
lus a,n half Of the United States would
|our wbo, population greater than that Of
that r nou country to-day if the waters
used for ,r run TO waste were saved and
|prnh,a~ui irrigation. The forest and water
|ternal are perhaps the most vital in
certa5,u questions of the United States.
also be- =, 81 the forest reserves should
|ereatnraln made preserves for the wild forest
|bsttsr ! All Of the reserves shon,d he
|assd snao;e, eteo from fires. Many of them
|ssrea. iniurn protection because or the
~ sheen, rs lone by live stock, above all
|sthsr h increase in deer. elk and
|sAev, N vhn in the Yellowstone park
may be expected when other
The herald-advance. (Milbank, S.D.) 1890-1922, 1901-12-06
INTERSTATE COMMERCE.

p.oxisiCns Of the PreH-
ne IL. should lie Changed.
ent u,oasrre was enacted for n
1901 - interstate railways, COM
tuiation &c the interstate m
3niy oordinal provisions OF that act
ivy uailvav rates should be just
e tha. ahIe and that all shippers, 10
reasnS commodities should be &C
fties a treatment. A commission
}oed ~ "a and endowed with what were
cree ~ he the necessary powers to
pposeu nrovisions of this act.
cute Wv was largely an experiment.
nav has shown the wisdom of its
peiiel but has also shown possibly
Fpos.-, of its requirements are wrong,
SUM nat the means devised for the
talny of it's provisions are defec-
those who complain OF n manage
i. - the railways allege that estab-
VA rates are not maintained, tnat re-
~ md similar devices are habitually
[orted to; that these preferences are
VIZ ~, IN favor of the large shipper; that
II drive out of business the smaller
%.retitor: that while many rates are too
many Others are excessive n that
mreferences are made affecting both
/ ~tit;os a nd COInHlDulllSS. pPoh tAC vi
YbanA. the railways assert that the law
". verv terms tends to produce many
|these illegal practices by depriving ar
= Of that right of concerted action
Iich they claim is necessary to estab-
I and maintain nondiscriminating rates.
Fhe act should be amended. The rail-
= il a public servant. It's rates should
inst TO and open to all shippers alike.
y government should see to 1t that
Ithin its jurisdiction this is so and
ruld provide a speedy, inexpensive and
Isctiye remedy to that end. At the same
"a It must not be forgotten that our
|lvays are the arteries through which
I commercial lifeblood of this nation
vs. Nothing could be more foolish than
! enactment OF legislation which would
necessa rily interfere with the develop
Int and operation Of these commercial
kencies. The subject is n of great i'm
Srtance end calls for the earnest atten-
bn of the congress.
The herald-advance. (Milbank, S.D.) 1890-1922, 1901-12-06

NO competent observer sincerely deStr-
Gus of finding out the facts and influenced
only by a desire for the welfare of the
natives can asscr. that we have not
gone far enough. We have zone to the
very verge of safety in fastening the
process. To have taken a single step
farther or faster in advance would have
been folly and weakness and might we'll
have been crime. We are extremity anN-
ious that the natives shall show the
power of governing themselves. We are
anxious first for their SAKE and next
because it relieves us of a great burden.
There need not be the slightest fear Of
our not continuing to give them all the
liberty for which they are fit.
The only fear is lest in our over anx-
iety we give them a degree of indepen-
dence for which they are unfit, thereby
inviting reaction and disaster. AS fast
as there is any reasonable hope that in
a given district the people can govern
themselves Self-government has been
given in that district. There is not a To-
cality fitted for self government which
has not received it. But it may well
be that certain cases 1t will have to
be withdrawn because the inhabitants
show themselves unfit to exercise it. Such
instances have already occurred. In 9TH
er words, there is not the slightest chance
OF our failing to show a sufficiently nu-
manitarian spirit. The danger comes in
Tho nr,nCjtn ltrAatinn
The herald-advance. (Milbank, S.D.) 1890-1922, 1901-12-06
TRADE WITH CHINA.
"Open Door, idea IL Considered an
Admirable One.

"Open Door, Idea IL Considered an
Admirable One.
Owing to the rapid growth Of our power
and our interests on the Pacific, whatever
happens in China must be Of the keeneSt
national concern to us.
The general terms of the settlement OF
the questions growing out Of the anti-for-
eign uprisings in China of 1900, having
been formulated in a joint note addressed
to China by the representatives OF the in
jured powers in December last, were
promptly accepted by the Chinese govern
ment. After protracted conferences the
ple~nipotentiaries of the several powers
were able to sign a final protocol with the
Chinese ple~nipotentiaries on the 7th Of
last September, setting forth the meas
ures taken by China in compliance with
the demands of the joint note and ex-
pressing their satisfaction Herewith. It
will be laid before the congress, with a re-
port Of the plenipotentiary on behalf Of
the United States, Mr.. William Woodville
Rockhill. to whom high praise is due for
the tact. good judgment and energy he
has displayed in performing an exception
ally difficult and delicate task.
q The agreement reached disposes in q
q a manner satisfactory to the powers q
q Of the various grounds Of complaint q
q and will contribute materially to .
q ma and the powers.
Reparation has been made by China for
the murder of foreigners during the up
rising. and punishment has been inflicted
on the officials. however high in rank.
recognized as responsible for or having
participated in the outbreak. Of1cial ex-
aminations nave been forbidden for a Pc
Rod Of five years in all cities in which
foreigners have been murdered or cruelty
treated. and edicts have been issued max
ing all officials directly responsible for the
future safety of foreigners and for the
suppression Of violence against them.
q We advocate the 'open door" with q
q all that 1t implies; not merely h .
q procurement of enlarged commercial q
= opportunities On the coasts, but ac- .
. cess to the interior by the water .
. ways with which China has been 50 =
q extraordinarily favored. .
Only by bringing the people of Chin..
into peaceful and friendly community OF
trade with all the peoples Of the earth
can the work now auspiciously begun be
carried to fruition. In the attainment oc
this purpose we necessarily claim parity
of treatment under the conventions
throughout the empire for our trade and
our citizens with those of all other pow
erS,
The herald-advance. (Milbank, S.D.) 1890-1922, 1901-12-06
GALL THE WORLD AKIN
Expressions Of Sorrow Over thu
Deaths Of Great and Good. 4


The death of Queen Victoria caused the
people Of the United States deep and
heartfelt sorrow, to which the govern
ment gave full expression. When Presi-
dent Mckinley died, our nation In turn
received from every quarter of the Brit
ish empire expressions Of grief and sym
pathy no less sincere. The death OF the
Empress Dowager Frederick of Germany
also aroused the genuine sympathy Of the
American people. and this sympathy wal
cordially reciprocated by Germany when
the president was assassinated. indeed
from every quarter Of the civilized world
we received, at the time Of the presidents
death, assurances Of such grief and re-
gard as to touch the hearts OF our people,
In the midst Of our affection we reverent-
ly thank the Almighty that we are AZ
peace with the nations of mankind. ana
we firmly intend that our policy shall b.
such as to continue unbroken these inter-
national relations of mutual respect ana
good will. -Theodore HooseVeit.
White House, Dec. 5. 1901.
The herald-advance. (Milbank, S.D.) 1890-1922, 1901-12-06

oNer the entire Woflu OF recent years
wars between the great civilized powers
ave become less and less frequent. Wars
with barbarous or semi barbarous peo-
pies come in an entirely different cate
CORY, being merely a most regrettabie
but necessary international police duty
which must be performed for the sake of
the welfare of mankind. Peace can only
be kept with certainty where both sides
wish to keep it, but more and more the
civilized peoples are realizing the wicked
folly of war and are attaining that con-
dition of just and intelligent regard for
the rights of others which will in the end.
as we hope and believe, make worldwide
peace possible. The Hague gave definite
expression to this hope and belief and
marked a stride toward their attainment.
The herald-advance. (Milbank, S.D.) 1890-1922, 1901-12-06
ACROSS THE ISTHMUS.
Construction of the Canal II Urgent
-Iy Recommended.

Construction of the Canal In Urgent
Iy Recommended.
No single great material work which re-
mains to be undertaken on this continent
is Of such consequence to the American
people as the building Of a canal across
the isthmus connecting North and South
America. It's importance to the nation is
by no means limited merely to its mate
rial effects upon our business prosperity,
and yet with a view to these effects alone
it would be to the last degree important
for us Immediately to begin it. While it's
beneficial effects would perhaps be most
marked upon the Pacific coast and the
gulf and South Atlantic states, it would
also greatly benefit other sections. It is
emphatically a work which 1t is for the
interest of the entire country to begin and
complete as soon as possible; it is one Of
those great works which only a great ma
ton can undertake with prospects of sue
cess, and which when done are not only
permanent assets in the nations material
interests, but standing monuments to it's
constructive ability.
q am glad to be able to announce =
q to you that our negotiations on this q
Q subject with Great Britain, con- .
. Quoted on both sides in a spirit Of .
Q friendliness and mutual good will =
q and respect. have resulted in my be- .
Q ing able to lay before the senate a .
q treaty which, il ratified, will enabl .
The herald-advance. (Milbank, S.D.) 1890-1922, 1901-12-06
vour attention to the

- Recommendations ,.ea .,
~ n.o spen in expenditures lures i, The 10 f1 ct
4 our naNnnv,dine whatever II actu-
rssdly IN to our we'll being should
i necessaly careful to husband our
Re US douo. as each Of us husbands
Eonal resource resources by scrupulous avoid
private I.s sine like wasteful or eek
Y Of any.n Only by avoidance OF
expenoay on what is needless or
pding moe can we legitimately keep our
|ustifaO,.sh ne point required to meet our
pms .hat are genuine.
The herald-advance. (Milbank, S.D.) 1890-1922, 1901-12-06

dignity Of the nation abroad combine to
make It essential that our consuls should
be men OF character. knowledge and en-
terprise. 1t Is true that the service Is now
in the main efficient, but a standard Of
cannot be permanently main
tanned until the principles set forth in
the bills heretofore submitted to the
congress on this subject are enacted into
law.
The herald-advance. (Milbank, S.D.) 1890-1922, 1901-12-06

The increased demand for manufacture
articles will stimulate industrial produce
tion, while wider home markets n the
trade of Asia will consume the larger
food supplies and effectually prevent
Western competition with Eastern agri-
culture. Indeed the products of irriga-
ticn will be consumed chiefly in upbuild-
ing local centers of mining and other in
dustries which would otherwise not come
into existence at all. Our people as q
whole will profit, for successful home
making is but another name for the up
building of the nation.
The necessary foundation has already
been laid for the Inauguration OF the poll
cy just described. 1t would be unwise to
begin by doing too much, for a great deal
will doubtless be learned, both as to what
can and what cannot be safely attempted,
by the early efforts, which must of neces-
sity be partly experimental in character.
At the very beginning the government
should make clear, beyond SHADOW of
doubt, it's intention to pursue this policy
or lines of the BROADCAST public interest.
No reservoir or canal should ever be built
to satisfy selfish personal or local inter-
ests, but only in accordance with the ad-
vice of trained experts after long investi-
cation has shown the locality where all
the conditions combine to make the work
most needed and fraught with the great
est usefulness to the community as a
whole. There should be no extravaganza,
and the believers in the need of irriga-
ton will most benefit their cause by see
ing to 1t that it Is free from the least
faint Of excessive or reckless expenditure
Of the public moneys.
Whatever the nation does for the q
q extension OF irrigation should har- q
. monte with and tend to improve the .
. condition of those now living on irri- .
= gated land.
80
We are not at the starting point of this
development. over two hundred millions
OF private capital has already been ex-
pended in the construction Of irrigation
works and many million acres Of arid
land reclaimed. A high degree of enter
prise and ability has been shown in the
work itself, but as much cannot be said
IN reference to the laws relating there
TO-. The security and value of the homes
created depend largely on the stability of
titles to water, but the majority of these
rest on the uncertain foundation or court
decisions rendered in ordinary suits at
law. With a few creditable exceptions,
the arid states have failed to provide
for the certain and just DIVISION or
streams in times of scarcity. Lax ana
uncertain laws have made 1t possible
to establish rights to water in excess
of actual uses or necessities, and many
streams have already passed into private
ownership or a control equivalent to own
ership.
Whoever controls a stream practically
controls the land it renders productive.
The herald-advance. (Milbank, S.D.) 1890-1922, 1901-12-06

Gus anarchy. Such a desertion OF duty
on our part would be a crime against hu-
manity. The character of Gov. Taft II
of his associates and subordinates is a
proof, If such be needed, of the sincerity
of our effort to give the islanders Il con-
stantly increasing measure of self-gov-'
eminent exactly as fast as they show
themselves fit to exercise it. Since the
civil government was established not an
appointment has been made in the ISL
ands with any reference to considerations
of political influence or to aught else save
the fitness of the man and the needs OF
The herald-advance. (Milbank, S.D.) 1890-1922, 1901-12-06
AS TO THE ISLANDS.
LeGfslatiOn Is Urgently Recommend
ed-Frecdom for Cuba,

LeGfslatiOn Is Urgently Recommend
e~d-Frecdom for Cuba.
In Hawaii our aim must be to develop
the territory on the traditional American
lines. We do not wish a region of large
estates titled by cheap labor. We wish a
healthy American community of men who
themselves till the farms they own. All
our legislation for the islands should be
shaped with this end in view. The we'll
being of the average homemaker must
afford the true test of the healthy devel-
opment of the islands. The Ian policy
should as nearly as possible be modelled
on our homestead system.
1t is a pleasure to say that it is hardly
more necessary to report as to Porto Rico
than as to any state or territory within
our continental limits. The island is
thriving as never before, and it is being
administered efficiently and honestly. Its
people are now enjoying liberty and order
under the protection of the United States,
and upon this fact we congratulate them
and ourselves. Their material welfare
must be as carefully and jealousy consid-
cred as the welfare of any other portion
of our country. We have given them the
great gift of free access for their prod
vets to the markets of the United States,
I ask the attention of the congress to the
need of legislation concerning the public
Ia pdS Of Porto Rico
The herald-advance. (Milbank, S.D.) 1890-1922, 1901-12-06

mere VIII De q transition period during
which the funds will in many cases have
to be held in trust. This is the case also
with the lands. A stop should be put
upon the indiscriminate permission to
Indians to lease their allotments. The
effort should be steadily to make the
Indian work like any other man on his
own ground. The marriage avs of
the Indians should be made the same
rs those of the whites.
In the schools the education should be
elementary and largely industrial. The
need of higher education among the In
dams Is very, very limited. On the res
ervations care should be taken to try to
suit the teaching to the needs of the par
ticular Indian. There is no use in at
tempting to induce agriculture in a coun-
try suited only for cattle raising, where
the indian should be made a stock grow
The herald-advance. (Milbank, S.D.) 1890-1922, 1901-12-06

mountain forests are properly protected
ny law and properly guarded. Some of
these areas have been so denuded Of sur.
race vegetation by overgrazing that the
ground breeding birds. including grouse
and quail, and many mammals, including
deer. have been eXterminated or driven
away. At the same time the water stor-
ing capacity of the surface has been de-
creased or destroyed, thus promoting
hoods in times of rain and diminishing
the flow of streams between rains.
In cases where natural conditions have
been restored for a few years vegetation
has again carpeted the ground, birds and
deer are coming back, and hundreds Of
persons, especially from the immediate
neighborhood, come each summer to en-
Joy the privilege of camping. Some at
least of the forest reserves should afford
perpetual protection to the native fauna
and flora, safe Ravens of refuge to our
rapidly diminishing wild animals of the
larger kinds and free camping grounds
for the ever increasing numbers of men
and women who have learned to find rest,
health and recreation in the splendid for
ests and flower-clad meadows of our
maintains
The herald-advance. (Milbank, S.D.) 1890-1922, 1901-12-06
-

I liz ltIlcS dlu
mischief is proverbial, and the opportu-
nifty to do remunerative work is one of
the surest preventives of war. OF course
no business man will go into the Philip
pines unless it is to his interest to do so,
and it is immensely to the interest Of the
islands that he should go in. 1t Is there
fore necessary that the congress should
pass laws by which the resources of the
islands can be developed, so hat fran
chises (for limited terms of years. can
be granted to companies doing business
In them and every encouragement be
given to the incoming business men Of
every kind.
the Philippines. The franchises must be
granted and the business permitted only
under regulations which will guarantee
the islands against any kind of improper
exploitation. But the vast natural wealth
of the islands must be developed and the
capital willing to develop it must be
given the opportunity. The field must be
thrown open to individual enterprise,
which has been the real factor in the de-
velopment of every region over which our
flag has fown. 1t is urgently necessary
to enact suitable laws dealing with gen.
eral transportation, mining, banking,
currency, homesteads and the use and
ownership Of the lands and timber. These
laws will give free play to Industrial en-
terprise, and the commercial development
which will surely follow will afford to the
people of the islands the best proofs Of
the sincerity of our desire to aid them.
q I call your attention most earnest q
ly to the crying need of a cable to q
q Hawaii and the Philippines, to be q
. continued from the Philippines to .
q points in Asia. q
We should not defer a day longer than
necessary the construction Of such a ca
BILE. It is demanded not merely FOR COM
mercial. but for political and military
considerations
Either the congress should Immediately
provide for the construction Of a govern
ment cable or else an arrangement should
be made by which Nike advantages to
those accruing from a government cable
may be secured to the government by
contract with a nriYate ca BILE comnanY.
The herald-advance. (Milbank, S.D.) 1890-1922, 1901-12-06

1t must continue to a greater or less
degree as long as tribes are herded On
reservations and nave everything in COM
mon. The Indian should be treated as an
Individual. like the white man. During
the change of treatment inevitable hard
ships will occur. Every effort should be
made to minimize these hardships. but we
should not because Of them hesitate to
make the change. There should be a con-
tinuous reduction in the number of agen-
cies.
In dealing with the aboriginal rates few
things are more important than to pre-
serve them from the terrible physical and
moral degradation resulting from the liQ-
uor rattle. We are doing all we can to
save our own Indian tribes from this evil.
Wherever by international agreement this
same end can be attained as regards races
where. we do not possess exclusive control
every effort should be made to bring it
about.
The president recommends that the GEN.
sus Office be made a permanent govern
ment bureau.
The remarkable growth of the postal
service is pointed out, and attention 10
called to the benefits derived from the
rural free delivery.
The herald-advance. (Milbank, S.D.) 1890-1922, 1901-12-06

. adequate to existing CONDITIONS.


The int crest shown by so many COM
mercial bodies throughout the country
in the reorganization of the service Is
heartily commended to your attention.
Several bills providing for a new consular
service have in recent years been sub
mitted to the congress. They are based
upon the just principle that appointments
to the service should be made only after
a practical test Of the applicants fitness;
that promotions should be governed by
trustworthiness, adaptability and zeal in
the performance Of duty, and that the
tenure Of office should be unaffected by
partisan considerations.
The guardianship and fostering of our
rapidly expanding foreign commerce. the
protection OF American citizens resorting
to foreign countries in lawful pursuit OF
their affairs and the maintenance Of the