The Republican journal., 1901-01-03
THE NINETEENTH CENTURY.

WdNC1IAS pOIlOy, cIINA lAOOAoloA"AAy W.
veloped rupture between the two
nations He thwarted Prussia's attempt
to unite the remaining German states
into North German Confederation.
He offered to restore the Electorate of
Hanover to England without consult
ing Prussia, to whom he had given it as
a reward for neutrality during the
Austerlitz campaign. Though Prussia
had lost the confidence of Europe by
her oscillating course, she issued an
ultimatum to Napoleon demanding re-
dress of grievances. Without waiting
to reply Napoleon appeared in Thuringia
and Saxony with 100000 troops to cut
off the communication of the PruSSianS
with the Russians After defeating
the Prussians i'll several engagements,
the great battle of Jena and Auerstadt
occurred Oct IA, 1906 Prince Hohenlohe
commanded the Prussians at Jena and
Duke Ferdinand Of Brunswick at Auer-
slant Napoleon was assisted at Jena
by Marshals Lannes, Augereau, Soult
and Murat. Marshal Davout command
ed the French at Auerstadt The
French loss was H. 900 and the vanquiSh-
ed Prussians lost 10000 troops and 300
cannon. Various divisions of the scat
tered Prussian army were easily capt
ured at Mollendrof, Erfurt, Halle, Prin-
Sah 10 nd t1n a,,tv tc
The fortresses surrendered SO easily
that the Respondent cammandants were
suspected of treachery. Napoleon en-
tered the Prussian capital Oct. %. 1906,
secure dthe sword of Frederick thee treat
and sent it to Paris His famous Ber-
lin decree was issued from the royal
palace in Nov. The british Isles were
declared blockaded and British goods
were excluded from continental ports.
The British Order-in-C Council declared
the blockade of ports from which the
British flag was excluded. Napoleon's
Milan decree threatened to contiscate
any vessel submitting to English search.
The French swept on VIGOROUSLY.
King Frederick William Ill fled to Ko-
nigsberg, where he vainly sued for
peace. He then solicited the aid of
Russia. and powerful army under
Bennlngsen was sent into Prussia to
guard the Vistula. Napoleon appealed
to the oppressed and wronged Poles in
kosciuskoS name to fight for their
liberty and independence. They re-
Sponded with heroic soldiers under
nomhroWski. Kosciusko had accepted
the Cars protection and not caring to
change tyrants he easily discouraged
the Polish rising when they discovered
that Napoleon cared more for his own
aggrandiZement than for the indie
pendence of Poland. The French
ambassador Gen. Sebastian had great
influence at ConstantinOple, and Napo-
leon used this influence to prevent the
Sublime Porte from renewing the
treaty of alliance with England.
Turkey declared war against Russia
because the troops of Emperor Alex
ander l. had occupied her tributary
provinces of Moldavia and Wall
achia. Mr.. Arbuthnot, the British
ambassador at Constantinople was un-
able either to renew the alliance of
England and Turkey or to secure the
expulsion of the French ambassador,
and retired from the city. In Jan. 1907,
A acknowledgements appeared before the
Turkish capital and demanded the sur
render of the Ottoman fleet and forts
of the Dardanel1es, the alliance with
Bonaparte to be terminated and. the
cession of Moldavia and Wallachia to
Russia. BY the Admiral's delay the
Turks made such preparations under
the direction of Gen. Sabastaini that
the English We're obliged to withdraw
within week. At Malta Admiral
Duckworth took aboard 5000 British
troops and landed them under Gen.
Frazer at Alexandria, Mar. 90, 1907, but
they were obliged to surrender the city
to the Pasha of Egypt months later
Sir Home Popham took Buenos Ayres
from the Spanish. When the city had
been regained by the inhabitants, the
British Gen. Whitelocke failed to re-
capture it. Thus British arms were
unsuccessful during the years 1906 and |
1907. The Russians gained an advan-
tage over the French at Pultusk Dec. |
rs, 1906. At Eylan in East Prussia both |
Napoleon and Benningsen lost 10000
men out of 100000. Both claimed the |
victory and Napoleon offered peace,
though he remained in possession Of |
the field Though King Frederick Will |
liam Ill. desired peace, he had just |
made treaty with Russia and was too |
honest to desert his ally. He had also |
received q 100000 from Great Britain
Is a subsidy. Cowardly fortress COM
mandants on the Oder surrendered to
the French. Dantzic on the Baltic,
with 1900 men under Kalkrenth and
100 cannon, surrendered to the French
under Marshal Lefevre. The French |
were repulsed at Hielsberg, but at
Friedland Benningsen was defeated