The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1901-08-11

was nevertheless, extremely rare. and we
were at liberty in considering our prac-
ncal measures to leave that form of or
lglnatlon5'entTeIy out of account.
IS INCEPTION DERIVED FROM AN
-. 4MAI1S.
But another possibility of tubercuIar in
lection existed, as was generally as
sGmed, in the transmission of the germs
OF the disease from tubercuIous animals
10 man. This ,Inanner of infection was
generally. regarded nowadays as proved.
and as so frequent that it was even
looked upon by not a few as the most
important and the most rigorous meas
tlres We're demanded against It. In this,
congress also the discussion of the dam
ger with which the tuberculosis Of ami
mails threatened man would play an i'm
PoFIdnt part Now, as his Investigations
~nau lea nm to form an opinion deyiatine
from that which was generally accented
ne begged~th permission in consfdera,
1tlon-of the great Importance. of this oues-
tlon, TO discuss it a little more thorough
| ~, -(Cheers.) Genuine tuberculosis had
Ateheflo' been. observedsin almost all do
~mestlc animals, and most frequently in
poultry and cattle. The tuberculosis of
poultry, however,, differed so much from
I human tuberculosis that we might leave
II out OF account as a possible source of
injection for man. So, strictly speaking
the only kind of animal tuberculosis re-.
naming to be considered was the tuber-.
cuIosis of4cattle, which, if really trans.
IeIFaole TO man, would indeed have fire.
queIe opportunities of injecting human
beings through the drinking Of the milk
and the eating of the flesh of diseased
animals. Even in his first circumstantial
Pupncatlon on the ethnology of tJbercu
Iosls, he expressed himself Regarding the
identity of human tuberculosis and no
vine tuberculosis with reserve. Proved
facts which would have enabled him
Sharply to distinguish these two forms
OIL the disease were not then at his dis
p0S&l, Out sure proofs of their absolute
Identity were equally undiscoverabIe and
he therefore had to leave this question
undecided. In order to decide il. he had
repeatedly resumed the Investigation re
iatIng to 1t, but so long as he expert
nehted on small animals, such as rabbits
and guinea pigs, he failed to arrive an
any satisfactory result, though indica
lions which rendered the difference Of the
e"o IofTes OF tuberculosis probable were
rot wanting. Not TIN the complafsance
OF the ministry of agriculture enabled
him to experiment on cattle, the only an
lmals really suitable for these investiga-
tlons, did he arrive at absolutely con
elusive results.
IMPORTANT EXPERIMENT
or the experiments which he had car
RED out during the last two Years along
with Prof. Schultz, of the veterinary col
lege IN Berlin. he would tell them briefly
some Of the most important. A number
IL young cattle which had stood the. tu-
pefcuiln test. and might therefore be re-
saroed as free from tuberculosis, was
injected in various ways with pure cuI-
lures Of tuberele bacilh taken from cases
or human tuberculosis: some of them ao+
the tubercular sputum of consI1nrtIva
patients direct. In some cases the tn
percIe hacil1 or the sputun1 were m
Jected under the skin, in others into tho
perltoneal cavity, in others into the ing
uIar vein. Six animals were fed with tn
percuIaF sputum almost daily for seven
or elght months; four repeatedly inhaled
5iedt quantities OF baciLi which were
dlstrleuted IN water and scattered with
1t in the form of spray None of these
cattle there were nineteen of them
showed any symptoms of disease and
lney gained considerably in weight From,
SIX to eight months after the beginning
OF the experiments they were killed Tn
thelr internal organs not trace of tl1-
! perculosis was found. The result was u+-
Terry different, however, when the same
experiment was made on cattle free from
tuberculosis with tuberele baciIli that
came from the lungs of an animal SUI
1erlng from bovine tuberculosis After
an incubation period of about a week
the SeVerest tubercular disorders of the
internal organs broke out in all the in
fected animals. After death extensive
tuoereular infftrations were found at the
place where the injections had been
made, and in the neighboring lymphatic
s!ands,and also far advanced alterations
OF the Internal organs, especially the
I lungs and the spleen. The difference be-
tween human and bovine tuberculosis an
peared not less strikingIy in a. similar ex-
pertinent with asses, sheep and goats
INTO whose vascular systems the two
Kinds of tubercle bacilIi were infected
Iheir experiments, he must add, were not
the only ones that have led to this re-
suit. If one studied the older literature
OF the subject, and collated the reports
OF the numerous experiments that were
made in former times by Chauyeau
Guhther and Harms, Bollinger and 9th
eFss who fed calves, swine and goats with
tueercular material one found that fha
animals that were fed with the milk and
pieces Of the lungs of tubercular cattle
Always fell i'll Of tuberculosis whereas
those that received human material with
their food did not. Considering all these
faets, he felt justified in maintaining that
han1an tuberculosis differed from bovine
and could not be transmitted to cattle
. 1t seemed to him very desirable. how
ever, that these experiments should ba
repeated elsewhere, in order that ALI
DOUBT as to the correctness Of his sssarE
ton might be removed (CheersA Ha
Wlshed only to- add that, owing to the
great Importance of this matter, the Ger
man government had appointed com