davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1901-12-24
NOTES ON SCIENCE
CURRENT NOTES OF DISCOVERY
AND INVENTION.
Curvature of the Spine, Its Causes and
Symptoms - An instruments Which
simpnhes Instruction In Photography
Photographing "a Dragon-EIy.
CURVATURE OF THE SPINE.

In infancy and childhood lateral
curvature of the spine develops very
readily. In some cases, as will be
presently shown, the causes are very
slight; SO that, to use the words of
one Of our most eminent medical au-
thors, 1T is really wonderful that
most of us are tolerably straight"
A slight asymmetry of one of the
vertebrae of which the backbone is
built up, or an abnormal development
or lack of development, of one of the
muscles which hold it upright, is sufti-
cient to produce a deviation from its
proper position.
This of itself would be of compar-
atively small moment If the organs
contained within the trunk were not
affected by any considerable change
from its proper upright position. A
lateral curvature cannot exist without
a shortening of the trunk, just as a
bow when bent measures less from
tip to tip than when it Is unstrung.
This shortening in turn necessarily
Implies a crowding together of the or
gans contained within the trunk.
Constitutional weakness naturally
tends to make lateral curvature of the
spine more readily acquired. OF spe-
cific disorders which produce the same
effect, ricketts, is perhaps the chief.
With the knowledge that lateral de-
Walton is thus easily caused, it is not
to be wondered at that causes appar-
emily very slight are frequently the
only ones discoverable to account for
certain of the many cases coming I'M
der the physicians notice. A baby
can scarcely support its back before
it is three or four months old. Yet
the proud nurse or mother not infre
quently sets it erect, or carries it on
her arm without a proper support, at
a much earlier age.
Children who go to school at six or
seven years of age are often compelled
to sit on badly shaped bench, some
times with no SUPPORT for the back,
during school hours. The muscles be-
come tired, and the child leans to one
side, usually to the right.
A narrow space between the seat
and the desk obliges the child to push
between them, so that, in girls partic-
ularly, drag is exerted on one shout
der; or the skirts form an uneven
cushion, fitting the spinal column out
of the perpendicular Even in grown
men and women occupations requiring
a one-sided muscular action affect the
vertebrate, and therefore the shape of
the spine. In children the much softer
bones are still more readily affected.
Parents may therefore be pardoned
If they insist on abundance of room
and considerable lack of restraint for
young children in the schoolroom.
Teachers have frequently to take the
initiative in matters of school hygiene,
especially when their pupils are from
homes in crowded, unsanitary city
tenements.
Lateral curvature is rarely congeni-
tai. 1t is in most cases preventable,
and cases taken in hand early are usu-
ally checked by strict observance Of
hygienic measures.
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1901-12-24
ELECTRICITY IN MAIL TUBES.

Experts appointed to investigate the
workings of the pneumatic tube sys-
tenn of carrying mails in cities report
that on the present basis of cast the
system is too expensive. 1t adds that
a system to be operated by electricity
is in process of development and bids
fair to be successful. This is simply
a three-rail trolley road, operated in
a tube. The tracks would be laid, in
sulated and bonded before the top is
fastened down. The carriers would be
built with slightly rounded corners, so
as to conform to the turns made at
street corners. The carriers and. their
motors would be operated between
guides. By cutting the tracks and the
introduction of system of looping,
we'll understood by electrical engin-
GERS, the speed of the carriers could
be lessened at corners and also when
approaching stations. Electrical en-
gineers say it is feasible and could be
operated for any distance.
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1901-12-24
S. B. NEEDHAM.

Jewish Prophet, Who Holds Negroes
in Missouri Under a Spell.)
his age by going to Windsor, Canada.
His mission Neednam announces to be
to deliver the natives and to establish
universal brotherhood of man and
fatherhood of God, and says the thing
is to be achieved in his day and gen.
Grafton.
While not prepossessing in appear
ance, the prophet talks with some
fiuency and much animation. He an
nounced that he could repeat any
verse in the Bible correctly offhand,
and his frequent use of the scriptures
to prove his peculiar teachings i'm
pressed his hearers. He says he is in
the seventy-fourth year of his second
earth life and has lived number of
years in Kansas City, Mo-, where he
opened universal mission" in 1899.
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1901-12-24
swEDENs SCHOOL GARDENS.

Scientific gardening is taught in the
national schools of Sweden and in the
seminaries for the education Of nation
al school teachers. There is a school
garden in nearly every rural school
district in the kingdom. The garden
is placed near the schoolhouse, and
the children receive practical instruc-
ton in the cultivation of plants, ber-
ries, flowers, herbs and fruits; the
management of hotbeds, greenhouses,
and so forth. The parishes are re-
quired to furnish the necessary ground
for the gardens. and trees and shrubs
are annually given to the children to
be planted at their homes.
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1901-12-24
THE oMNIGRAPH.

to impart in a comparatively short
time a complete knowledge of the
Morse alphabet, has recently been in
troduced by an inventor of New York.
Patents have been applied for. The
Omnigraph, as the instrument is call
ed, consists of a Dashboard on which
are secured an ordinary key and
sounder, between which a disk is
mounted, formed on its periphery
with teeth. A spring contact adjacent
to the wheel engages the peripheral
teeth of the disk. Although irregular,
the arrangement of the teeth is arbi-
trary. For If the disk be rotated by
means of a small crank shaft geared
with the disk shaft, the spring con-
tact is forced outwardly by the teeth,
but drops back by its own elasticity,
and thus makes and breaks the cir
cult. The experienced telegraph oper-
ator detecting these makes and breaks
at the sounder, recognizes them as the
dots and dashes of the Morse alphabet.
A close inspection of the disk would
reveal to him that the teeth are so ar
ranged as to spell the sentence, John
quickly extemporized five tow bags"
If the disk be rotated forwardly, this
sentence, thus oddly worded to include
every letter in the alphabet, is licked
off at the sounder; if rotated in the
opposite direction the sentence will be
telegraphed backward.
The disk is completely under the
control of the students. 1t can be ro-
tated as slowly as desired; or it can
be so rapidly turned that its curious
sentence will be received at the sound
er with speed that would open the
eyes of good operator. Moreover, the
message on the disk is transmitted
with a distinctness and faultlessness
which the most perfect operator can
never hope to attain. At first blush
it might seem that the student simply
learns one sentence forward and back
ward, and that the instrument is a
good teacher only within very narrow
limits. But this disk can be partially
rotated forward and backward any
number of times, in any place, sc
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1901-12-24

back upon the mountain. AS it now
lies, its height exceeds that of man
standing beside it, and its estimated
weight is thirty tons. Mr.. Manteucci,
the geologist, says that the energy of
the explosion of steam that threw this
huge projectile must have equaled
about 100000 horse power. When the
masses Of partially fluid lava from
which such bombs are formed rise in
the air they rotate, and are thus
caused to assume more or less glob-
ular shape.
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1901-12-24
Sympathy and BuSfneSS.

President Kruger is not aware of
the fact that sympathy must not be
allowed to spoil good trade. He has
heard about American sympathy for
the Beers. Evidently he does not take
much stock in it. The message which
he has sent by the pastor of a Boer
church in Pretoria, who is now in this
country asking aid for the women and
children in foreign prison camps is:
"Tell the American people they are
helping to murder us by sending mules
and horses to the British generals"
Americans have sold several million
dollars worth of these animals to
British purchasing agents, and to
certain extent have contributed to the
subjugation of the Beers. Without
these animals the British would not
have made the Roadway they have.
Nevertheless, it is safe to say that in
nearly every instance the men who
raised and sold these mules and horses
sympathize with the Beers, but they
did not let their sympathies interfere
with the sale of their live stock, nor
are they supposed to know for whom
they are purchased. For all that they
are aware they may be for the Beers.
President Kruger's message was not
tactful one. He would make a poor
solicitor for contributions. But the
need of the women and children in the
prison camps of the Transvaal is great,
and President Kruger's ungracious re-
marks should not deter Americans
from giving for the relief of these suf-
ferers.-Chicago Tribune.
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1901-12-24

At the beginning of the new fiscal
year the pneumatic tubes which have
been employed in the postal service of
New York, Brooklyn, Philadelphia and
Boston went out of operation, and the
mail wagon has taken their place. This
looks like step backward. 1t is prob
ably only temporary Congress seems
to have refused to continue the APP
preparation solely on account Of its
unwillingness to foster priVate
monopoly. Doubtless pneumatic tube
service built and owned by the gov
eminent will yet be established and
maintained in all large cities, although
several ingenious rival contrivances
for doing the same work deserve con-
sideration before a final decision is
made.
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1901-12-24

An order has been given for the
erection OF a monument to Jennie
Wade on the battle field of Gettysburg.
Jennie Wade was a young Iowa wom-
an who was visiting at the home of
her sister in Gettysburg when the bat
tie began. Her fiance was in the
Union army. and was killed. She
and her sister were in large brick
house almost within the Union lines
On the morning Of the third day word
came to the house that many of the
soldiers were suffering for want OF
food, and the women set about MAX
ing biscuits and bred for the soldiers.
Jennie was engaged in this task when
a musket ball went through the kitch.
en-, killing the young woman.
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1901-12-24

An atrocious murder was committed
recently at Puy-Saint Gulmier, near
Clermont-Ferrand. France. A young
man of twenty-seven, named Jean
Baptiste Gometon. after shooting at
his father with rifle, followed him
into the street, and in the presence
of the neighbors chopped off his head
with Ratchet. Jealousy was the
cause of the crime, as both father
and SON were in love with the same
woman.
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1901-12-24

The New York Experiment Station
cheese at different temperatures. A
bulletin on the subject says in part:
Pure milk handled with the greatest
care to avoid dirt and odors, and
rtpened, set, cooked, drained and press
ed after the most approved methods,
was made into Cheddar cheeses. Diff
ferent lots of these cheeses were made
at various times through two seasons,
the lots for each test being made from
the same vat OF milk II possible or
made from milk OF the same herd at
very short intervals, in order to secure
cheeses of uniform quality for COM
parison when cured at different tenn
peratures. These cheeses were then
placed In the station curing roor s,
where the heat is under automatic con-
troll and can be kept uniform at any
degree between 40 and 80. The diff
ferent rooms were held about 5 de-
grees apart; so cheeses we're cured at
55, 80, So, 20, rs and 80 degrees f.
The curing was continued from two to
FIVE months or more and cheeses OF
the same lots. cured at different tenn
peratures. were scored at the same
time by unbiased experts.
Fourteen comparisons were made
between cheeses cured at high and low
temperatures, five comparisons includ.
ing all the temperatures given and
four, all except the two very high tenn
| peratures.
In, every case the cheeses cured be
low go degrees scored higher in flavor
and texture than those cured at high
er temperatures, the deterioration IL
quality at the high temperatures being
very marked in some cases. The av
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1901-12-24

The Crandall toy works of Pennsyl-
vania have bought a large tract OF
lumber and mineral land In North
Georgia. a short distance from Chat
tanooga. The company is having a
railroad line built through the center
of this tract. In the centre OF the
tract the company will erect town
OF its own. A large factory will be
built at this point. and houses for the
workmen. The town will be built and
operated after the manner of Pull
man, Ill. Surveyors are at work sur
veying branch lines OF railroad
through the tract. Coal mines will bs
opened and fuel and raw material will
be supplied in abundance to operate
one of the greatest toy concerns in
America.
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1901-12-24

hiDlteu u series OF
photographs which
s h o W e d ever !
ctage of the pro-
cess of metamor-
phosis by which
the dragon fly
energies from the
form of the nymph
and which in this
particular case oc-
cupied six hours.
But at one period
the emergence was
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1901-12-24
As the World
RexjOTx,eS
NeSroeS As0ed by Prophet.

NegrOeS - cOed ~ EropOebs
Simon b. Needham, who claims to
be the Hebrew prophet referred to in
the Bible, the seventh child of Judah,
born to be a priest and king before
the Lord of Israel, is holding the ne
groes and superstitious whites under
a spell by his street corner talks in
Macon. Mo. He is remarkable per-
sonage He says that his mother was
born at Richmond, Va, in the year
1900 Her maiden name was Julia
Judah, the daughter Of Emanuel
Judah. She was left an orphan at an
early age, kidnapped by slave dealers
and sold into bondage. This enslaved
Jewish woman then became the moth
er of thirteen children-eleven black
and two white. The prophet claims
to be one of these two white children.
The daughter was bought out of slav-
cry for the sum of $500 and he freed
himself in the twenty-fourth year OF
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1901-12-24

that the letter to be transmitted car
not possibly be anticipated. Thus the
student learns how to receive ciphei
message. the meaning OF which he car
not know.
When sufficient proficiency has beef
obtained in receiving messages from
the sounder. the student can learn ia
transmit messages in the regular
method by means Of the key which
forms part of the apparatus.
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1901-12-24

so rapid that three photographs had
to be made within six seconds. In the
larval form, called the nymph, the
dragon fly lives at the bottom of ponds
and streams, but as the metamorpho-
sis approaches, it climbs up the stem
OF a plant, hooks its feet fast, and
awaits the inevitable change.
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1901-12-24

Mr.. Justice Brown of the Supreme
court, once said, In addressing a class
OF young lawyers. that verdict OF a
Jury in a criminal case is a decision
not upon the question whether the
man on trial is guilty or not, but upon
the question whether he shall be pun
ished or not. An important dlstinc-
ton. 1t shows the element of human
interest, Independent of legal SUBTLE
ties, which the jury system secures.
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1901-12-24

There are six surviving governors OF
New York-Cornell, elected in 1879;
Cleveland. elected in 1882; Hill. first
elected in 1885; Morton. elected in
1894; Black, elected in 1896, and Roose-
welt, elected in 1898. Three of the six,
after having been governor, attained
honors in the field of national politics
Cleveland as president, Hill as sem
ator, and Roosevelt as vice president.
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1901-12-24
FIRE FROM WASTE PAPER.

The deterioration in the quality of
paper increases the liability of fire
wherever waste paper is accumulated
in any quantity. Most modern paper
is made from wood and other vegeta-
BILE fibres which chemically are not
very different from the component
material of hayrick. If the waste
paper is stacked in large quantities
and especially if it happens to be a
little damp, heating takes place just
as with a prematurely stacked hay
rick, and spontaneous combustion may
at any time break out in flame, as it
has often been known to do in the
farmyard, and of late years the great
est care and vigilance has been neces-
sary to guard against it.
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1901-12-24
.sYenkietyicz on Metz .Nox,eL

Henryk Sienkwiewicz author of Quo
Vadis" and the greatest living Rus
sian author, is engaged in the prepara-
ton of novel that promises to equal
If not surpass anything he has yet pro-
duced Sienkiewicz is one of those
few writers who can outline and per-
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1901-12-24

Japan is the country where the cre'
nation of corpses is practiced ON tho
largest scale. The custom dates back
about 1900 years.
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1901-12-24

A runaway horse in Denver the
other day finished a flight by landing
in the interior of a rapidly moving
trolley car, where he rode for nearly
block before the vehicle could be
stopped.
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1901-12-24

Canoe-building is one of the indus
tries of Kennebunkport, Me-, which
used to build great ships, and even
now launches an occasional schooner.
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1901-12-24

Mary Clark, who had spent most of
her rs years in one of the cotton mills
of Manchester, N. H., died last week
as the result Of the extreme heat. Miss
Clark was supposedto have had little
money laid by, but superficial search
brought to light only four SIS bills. In
looking about the room policeman
picked up pair of corsets. They were
suspiciously heavy, and he ripped them
open and found $500. The money
weighed 31zpounds. Miss Clark had
worn the corset in the mill every day,
being afraid to trust her savings to the
banks.
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1901-12-24

A French writer. Henri Coupin. says
that the fact that, Notwithstanding
their simplicity, the songs OF the birds
cannot be initiated with musical in
struments arises from the impossible
ity OF reproducing their peculiar
timbre. The notes of birds, while cor
responding with our musical scale,
also include vibrations occupying the
intervals between our notes. The dur
alton OF birds songs is usually very
short, two or three seconds for thushes
and chaffinches, four or Ave seconds
for blackcaps. but from two to FIVE
minutes for the lark. Monsieur Cou-
pin remarks that while one In every
ten species OF European birds is tune
full, the proportion diminishes to only
one In a thousand among the gor-
geously clad birds of the tropics.
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1901-12-24

OF the volcanic
bombs hurled sky
ward, and the larg-
est one observed,
attained an eleva-
ton of a third of a
mile and then fell
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1901-12-24
DAIRY AND POULTRY.
INTERESTING CHAPTERS FOR
OUR RURAL READERS.

How Successful Farmers Operate This
Department of the Fsrm-A Few
Hats as to the Care of Live stock
and Poultry.
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1901-12-24

Unreciprocated love can't kill man
who has healthy liver.
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1901-12-24

How is it that "a bad beginnin,
makes good ending" when it is ,
I'd" that ends them both?
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1901-12-24
THE oMNIGRAPH.

An instrument which is designed to
simplify instruction in telegraphy, and
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1901-12-24

A party of Suffolk, England, farm
ers have gone to Denmark to secure
hints on dairy farming.
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1901-12-24

Very few people seem to know how
to cleanse dairy tinware. Using scald-
ing hot water seems to be popular, but
this is not the best way. The tins
should first be washed in warm water,
and not till all the milk has been re-
moved should the scalding process take
place. After being wiped dry they
should be placed where the air will cir
culate through them.
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1901-12-24

PHoTOGRAPHING A DRAGoN-FLY.
At recent meeting Of the Royal
Microscopical Society Mr.. Enoch ex-
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1901-12-24

feet work in a crowded summer hotel.
He spends much time at Ragatz,
Switzerland, where, as his translator,
Curtin, has written: There is a
great charm in the freedom and lone
illness of crowded hotel with all COM
forts of the century. 1t is also good
place for work" Sienkiewicz was born
In 1s4S.
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1901-12-24

A stockgrower says: The purchase
of coarse, ill-bred cattle for the feed
lot is a factor that almost invariably
results in loss, for such cattle cannot
be bought low enough to insure a
profit in the feed lot.
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1901-12-24
ONE OF vEsUvIUs, BOMBS.

During an explosion in the crater Of
Mount Vesuvius on May 9, 1900, one
The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912, 1901-12-24


should be placed where the air will cir
culate through them.
We see that some eastern man thinks
he has found a way of getting rid of
all kinds of bacteria in milk. His plan
is simply to freeze it, and he fondly
imagines that the germs of disease and
Of every kind of ferment are to be thus
exterminated. If the gentleman will
look the matter up he will find that
very severe tests have been made In
the way Of freezing germs to death but
without much result. True, good
many germs are destroyed, but they
are for the most part those in which
we have no lnterest-being harmless.
The disease germs are those for which
we care most. and they are the hardest
to exterminate. Heat is about the only
agent that will touch most of them.
We are glad to know that the gov
eminent of the United States intends
henceforth to inspect all dairy goods
to be exported. We have not yet
learned the details Of the inspection or
whether 1t Is to be compulsory on all
dairy goods sent out. Unless the latter,
1t would appear to be little effective.
Some time ago an inspection was
talked of that should be made only
when the men doing the exporting
should ask 1t, and the inspectors brand
on the goods was to be sort of carte
d'entree into good society on the other
side. We do not see how the United
States government in that case could
prevent all kinds of goods being sold
as inspected goods on the other side of
the water. Certainly American laws
could not be enforced there, and we
could hardly expect the foreign gov
ernments to be benign enough to en-
force them. Let all the goods be in
spected and permit no butter or
cheese to leave the coast without the
brand of the government upon it.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1901-06-04
Yesterdays Temperatures.

c. +. r. WAPPENHANS.
Local Forecast Official.