davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The suburban citizen., 1901-07-13
ONE OF THE CREW is A DOG
Ha Does His Share of the Work on Board
Provincetown Fishing Schooner.

PrOvincetown Fishing Schooner.
One of the crew of the schooner
Isaac Collins. of Provincetown, Cap
tain Joseph Bragg, is a Newfoundland
dog. That is, he is one Of the crew by
common consent, for he makes him.
self useful as we'll as ornamental, and
certainly earns his salt.
This NewfOundlander, Bobbie by
name, holds the office Of chief high
bell ringer of the Collins, and during
thick weather when the men are scat
tered away taking in cod off the Grand
Banks, Bobbie keeps the great bell
aft giving loud tongue across the lead
colored sea, that the men may keep
the vessel in range of hearing. And,
further, on any occasion wien not
otherwise occupied he will grip in his
mouth the dOrys painter and hold her
alongside while the men get aboard
and take in the days catch.
Captain Bragg takes considerable
satisfaction in the work of his dog,
and says that he thinks that others
might find the race equally useful in
their business.
He came upon Bobbie when East on
one of his trips in the Collins, when
the dog was a puppy. That was six
months ago The men all liked the
pet, and they began to fool with him,
One of the games that Bobbie enjoyed,
in common with most other little
dogs, was to take a ropes end in his
teeth and tug and tussle with It, One
day the captain, with an eye to the
economy of nature, decided that Bob
bic should be made useful. He was
getting along to the age when no
ought to be made to learn the bus-
ness. With ingenuity that seems to
have passed by others he rigged up
the great bell to the main boom, just
aft the companionway, attached
bit Of rope to the tongue Of the bell,
and told Bobbie by well.known signal
to "Sick him."
Bobbie did as he was hidden, and,
at the first cry of the great bell, was
fairly intoxicated with his efforts. 1t
beat playing with the men all out Of
sight, and he couldn't get enough Of it
and hasn't been able to get enough
ever since. One day recently, when
the Collins tied up at Il wharf, Cap
tain Bragg fixed up the bell so that
Bobble might be heard anu sketched.
The recital was a new experience for
Il wharf with It's ever-present crowd,
and among the men who worked there
usually blase enough for most that
goes on, however new and strange it
might seem to the visitors, there was
wonder and admiration.
Bobbie could hardly wait while the
bell was being attached, ana wanted
to take hold right away. And when
finally all was ready he took the
ropes end in his jaws, and there was
rare music for the waterfront. It's
a bell that sounds far, as there is, in
deed, plenty of occasion when the
wind sweeps strong ana the fog Langs
thick on the lumpy sea waycs.-Bos-
ton Herald.
The suburban citizen., 1901-07-13
ALEXANDER NJ, HOLMES,

Among the energetic members of the
organization is Mr.. Alexander M.
Holmes, who for twcnty-one years has
served the Government as letter car
rer, and who has the good viii and
confidence Of the people OF the large
territory which he daily traverses. Mr.,
Holmes is the owner Of a charming
residence in the northeast section ana
no man takes a deeper interes. in the
advancement OF the work OF the associa-
ton. Like all OF his associates who
are known to the Suburban Citizen. he
The suburban citizen., 1901-07-13

is enterprisng, painstaking and courte-
GUS And this leads the Citizen to say
that during an experience OF fifteen
years in dealing with the Postofiice De-
partment not one single complaint con-
cerning the service has reached this Of
nee Il has never yet happened that a
subscriber or advertiser has found it
necessary to complain on account OF
failure to deliver his letters, and, on the
other hand, not one, SO far as known,
has ever been sent out which did not
reach its destination. So excellent a
service is due in large measure to the
efficiency OF the local employees. of
which Postmaster Merritt has abundant
reason to be proud. The honesty,
iaithiulness and uprightness OF the local
force OF letter carriers is just simply
marvellous.
The suburban citizen., 1901-07-13

In his address as retiring President
of the Iowa Academy of Sciences, pub
lished in Science, Professor w. H.
Norton gives a timely and interesting
resume Of the various social services
rendered by science. Near the end Of
the address occurs the following pas.
sage: THUS has science been an ac.
celebrating force in the evolution Of
society. Increasing food supply by
means Of scientific agriculture, length
ening life by the repression of dis
eases, and introducing a thousand new
means Of livelihood, it has made possi-
bic the extraordinary recent growth Of
civilized nations. 1t permits the pop
ulation Of Europe to more than double
since 1900, and enables England,
which in the seventeenth century men
thought too small for its scanty popu-
lation, to support more than 3S,OOO,OOO
people in comparative comfort. 1t
lends some encouragement to the san
gulne prophecy Of Albert Bushnell
Hart that the Mississippi Valley will
sooner or later contain a populat,-a
Of 95O,eOOOOO."
The suburban citizen., 1901-07-13

Thos z. Young. Geo. Dorr. Geo. N.
Holland J. A. Rupert Thos. Hanra-
han, VIM. 9, Dunno. j. NJ. Burns, II.
J. Senay Dr. l.. ID. Walter. w. S.
Clark, J. J. West, c, A. Holland. ]. A.
Raymond Albert Buecheler, Robert
Bowdler, John c. Miller. Jerry Wilt.
Chas. r. Talbert, Amos f. Souder. Ed
ward Refill X. Z. Dittoe. Geo. Lauer.
J. J. Sweeney Otto c. Rupert, Geo.
T. Adams. Victor Fl. Esch. Geo. +.
Seufferle Otto Herzog, A. /. Levy. II.
NJ. Phillips, Geo. W. beavers. Chas.
II. Martyr. VIM. Osborne. Clarence f.
Norment, John W. Hodkinson, l.. Cos
grove.
The suburban citizen., 1901-07-13
Atchison olrls of ExporIence.

An Atchlson girl WHO is in love for
the seventh time says she doesn't
notice any difference in the attacks,
except that she calculates more than
Sle used TO If the trouble in curling her
hsir Is going to ay.-Atchlson Globe.
The suburban citizen., 1901-07-13

is the nearest approach to excusable
and beautiful dream life for il seems
amid such scenes we hear more plainly
the beating of The great heart of tho
Infinite and feel that we can no. ex-
press yet can not all conceal
The suburban citizen., 1901-07-13
OFFICERS OF THE ASSOCIATION.

The following is a complete list OF
the officers, committees and members
OF the East End Suburban Citizens
Association:
President, Wm. II. Ernest; Ist Vice
Pres. Hugh A. Kane; I'd Vice Pres,
c. A. Holland; Secretary J M Wood;
Ireasurer Aupust w. Stubener.
The suburban citizen., 1901-07-13
STANDING COMMITTEES.

Executive and legislative committee
VIM. II. Ernes, Chas X. Talbert, J. NJ.
Wood, August W. Stubener Robert
Bowdler, J. II, Rupert and J NJ.
Burns.
Committee on streets, roads and
brdges-J NJ Burns, J. A. Rupert,
J,J. West, John G. Miller and A. NJ.
Holmes
Committee on police, fire and lights
--Chas. r. Talbert. Geo Pollock. J.
NJ Burns, A. F. Souder and J, A.
Rupert.
Committee on railroads-August w.
Stubener Santus Auth, ]. w. Brawner,
c. A. Holland and W. S. Clark
Committee on sanitation-Robert
Bowdler Chas. r. Talbert, Jerry Wilt.
Dr. /. d. Walter and r. +. Dittoe.
Committee on street extension-J. II.
Rupert, Geo. J. Seufferle. Santus
Auth W. s. Clark and Hugh A. Kane
Committee on manuiactories-J NJ
Wood, Nicholas Auth, August w. Stu
bener, Saml, A. Coombs and w. G..
Dunno.
The suburban citizen., 1901-07-13
supsoR1PrIoN RArps !

ErterOd al 6ss Pest eftee for traRsSatsstoS
Are,.rh iAs sARilt sf seoeRd-ol0ss rGtes-
The suburban citizen., 1901-07-13
MEMBERS

John i. Waggaman. Hugh A. Kane.
Aug W. Stubener, VIM. II. Ernest.
Sam'l A. Coombs John w. Brawner.
J. NJ Wood c. Phelps Santus Auth,
Geo. II. Pollock. Nicholas Auth, Peter
Grove, Alex NJ Holmes. Frank Err
nest Leopold Lucks, J. II Rupert
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1901-06-13

L OR sALE-THE TWO THREE STORY
IL brick houses Nos. 85l and 853 Church ST..
Apply AT 1914 Adams street, nils. .l3teodS
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1901-06-13
MARRIED
AT LAST.

Cleveland, Ohio, June l2.-Mrs.
Anna Il. Galloway was today married
to W. J. Kilbourne, wealthy Louis.
lana planter.
More than forty years ago they
were schoolmates at Columbus, Ohio.
When they grew up kilbourne was a
sutor for the young woman's hand,
but she married W. G. Galloway and
moved to Day ton. Kilbonrnc then
went to Louisiana.
7When the civil war broke out both
enlist Kilbourne was leuten-
ant in the Confederate army, while
Galloway commanded company In
an Ohio regiment.
At the battle of Shiloh the two
rivals met face to face and engaged
in fierce duel with swords. Both
were seriously wound ed but recover.
ed. Soon after the war Kllbourne
married. Six years ago his wife died
Mrs. Galloway was made widow
and came to Cleveland to live.
Recently Kilbourne heard Of CAL
loway's death and instituted cor
respondence with his former sweet.
heart which eliminated iE the mar.
riage today.
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1901-06-13
BRANDYWINE
SPRINGS PARK.
Several Trolley Parties
Spent the Evening at
the Popular Park.

Brandywlne Springs was thronged with
visitors last evening and WAS the scene I
much merrinent. Several different troll
ley rides were given TO the Springs and as
the evening was warm the visit was much
enjoyed.
The band and the Roof Garden did their
share OF entertaining and the performances
at the latter which lasts for one hour was
mnch enjoyed.
Mecks and Mara one of the fines sketch
seams In the country received several en-
cores and 1T was with much difficulty that
they finally left the stage for Franklin
and franklin to go with their act. Frank
lin and franklin are well known to the
amusement loving public of this city ami
need no applause from us. The rsmain-
der of the show was very good. superin-
tendenU Crook, has made arrangements
Tor new manager to take hold of the the
atrica!s mex " EEK and the show after that
date will be kept up TO the standard.
Yesterday the Sixth street line OF tho
Peoples hallway Company was placed on
five minute schedule. I he other line
put in operate was from Seventh and
Butto. ..wO ID to Poplar, to Second, to Clay
ton. and thence to sixth and return. In
u short time this line will be continued
ami Jefferson streets will be tlni-hed
today and it is hoped to have the belt line
in operation. Transfers will bs given on
all the lines.
Mr.. Crook said yesterday that some per
son or persons have been pulling up fares
on cars that have been crowded and as the
conductors did not get the names OF the
parties or witnesse. to the occurrences and
would NJ t pty for The fares rang up they
were discharged
The railway has lost several OF its best
men in Chis way, but it cannot be helped,
rs every man must produce the amount
OF money his register calls for or two be
suspected OF thieving, or perhaps dis.
charged. The official have determined to
ferr,t ou the parties and make an exam.
pie Of heln and In this way put stop to
the practice.
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1901-06-13
Exercises at Co,ference Academy.

Dover, Del, June Ia Glass day exer-
cses were held at the Wilmington Con-
ference Academy this afternoon and were
participated In by the four members Of
The class OF 'Ol-Oliver j. Krause. of Sails
bury, Md; Harry R. Is9acs, of okel. pei;
Mary E Friedel, Of Viola, Miss Keller
made the opening address, Miss Friedel
read the class poem, Mr.. Kreuse gave the
class ode and Miss Keller and Mr.. krause
the class history and prophecy. The
closing address was delivered by Mr..
lsaacs. the valedictorian. The middle
class oratorical contest for tho Levin $
Nelson prizes of SO and IS was held in
Academy Hall tonight and was particlpat
ed in by four members OF the class.
Rev. Vaughan $. Collins, former prin
cipai of the academy, will doiiyer an ad-
dress at the commencement exercises In
Wesley NJ. Il. Church tomorrow mo; n
ing, The members Of the graduating
class arc Oliver }. krause, Harry IT,
Isaacs, Miss Lizzie Keller and Miss Mary
Eyiedel
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1901-06-13
ITEMS FROM
NEW CASTLE.

The assessment list was hupg
up yesterday aud to many 1t was
a big disappointment. Alter the
assessor was elected his salary
was increased 10 order that ne
would make a twentieth century
assessment. He neglected to do SO
Tor the assessment contains the
names OF people who have not lived
in New Castle for number OF
years as well as the names OF dead
men. The books can be inspected
for ten days and then City Council
will sit lor three evenings to hear
appe ala. There are sure to be
large number OF appeals as several
properties are assessed higher than
can be obt aimed Tor them at pres
ent.
A force of men are at work maxi
ing repairs to the river bank oppo'
site the works Of the Delaware
Terra Gotta Company.
Miss Stckney, The assistant
principal OF the High School, was
summoned to the bedside OF her
mother at Big Rapids, Mich, yes
terday. Miss Stickney lett lmme'
dlatcly after receiving the telegram
and will not return lor the coh-
mepcemeut exercises
Albert Wilson of Denver, COL,
is visiting his parents. lie will be
married 10 New Haven, Conn, on
next Monday. Mir. Wilson says
that Miss Bessie kuntz is lying at
the point OF death and cannot pos
sibly live over few days.
The game of base ball between
the Pennsville and New Castle
fishermen was an up-to.date one
and the $50 spectators enjoyed the
exhibition. Pennsyllle won be-
cause several of the New Castle
men were at work aud could not be
present. The phenomenal catch IN
deep center field by DEM was the
feature of the game.
Rag carpet, Csc, ingram, 2oc',
window shades. l0c., window and
door screens. Stoops.
George Sattertield Of Coolsprlng
was taken very sick here on Tues
dav night. He was sufficiently re-
covered 10 attend the Wawaset
aces Yesterday. He is the owner
OF Harry s. Years ago he pur-
chased the horse which had been
known as Billy B, as he had been
bred by William Porter and an ef.
fort was made to fine Satterheld
for running the horse under an
assumed name. But Billy p. was
on a track that was not governed
by the National Association, while
Happy S. has record OF 232 on a
circuit track.
AT the game Of base ball to be
played on Saturday, Willis will be
in the box. Manager Shearer SAYS
that with Willis and Mcguire and
a fair umpire there will be good
game.
Friendship Concl ave, No. 81.
will have royal good time tonight
in the lodge room. Visitors from
out of town lodges will be present.
A trolley party of about thirty
persons went to Red Liob last
evening.
Mrs. Mary Konitzer OF Wilmi ng-.
ton, visited New Castle friends last
evening.
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1901-06-13
70 FIGHT MACH|NISTS.
Newport News Shipbuilding Company
Will Close Plant.
ACTION BY METAL TRADES.
Delegates to the New York COnyen-
ton Have Decided ON II "NO
Surrender" Policy In
the Struggle.

New York. June 12.-The situation in
the machnists' strike is becoming more
acute. A special dispatch from New
port News, Va, says:
at Is announced that 1000 men will
be laid off at the yards Of the Newport
News Shipbuilding and Drydock COM
>pany on account of the machinists
strike. This will make total of 1000
men idle. 1t Is expected the entire
plant will be closed by Saturday night
ut is the understanding here that all
the shipyards in the country are de-
tcrmined not to accede to the demands
Of the machinists."
Three hundred delegates at the con-
vention of the National Metal Trades
association, in convention In the Gilsey
House, have indorsed the recent action
of the administrative council of the as
sociation in asserting Its independence
of the International Association Of Ma
chinists, and have decided on policy
of mo surrender in the pending strike.
The proceedings were secret, but a
statement has been issued defining the
attitude of the association i'll the pres
ent dispute with the union.
What Employers Claim.
Officers of the latter body are accused
of having broken faith with the asso-
citation by ordering the recent strike in
defiance of an arbitration agreement
made between the two organizations a
year ago. The union, therefore, is de-
cIared <espbe IAN irresponsible body
with which we can make no contracts
that will be binding upon it,
The national unions officials are
charged with having suppressed in the
statement issued by them to the local
lodges every point in the agreement Of
1900 which might be construed in favor
Of the employer.
1t is asserted by the employers that
the union agreed to place no restric-
tions upon the management or produc-
ton of shops. that in exchange the cm-
ployers granted Il 81 hour week, be-
ginning on May 20 last, and that this
issue was not one for the machinists
to strike upon. Production, it is de-
clared. has been in many cases "tla-
grantly restricted" The question of
wages, the statement declares, is local,
hot national.
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1901-06-13
WILL DO GOVERNMENT WORK.
Tacoma Machinists Not to Delay the
Repairing of Transports.

Tacoma Machinists Not to Delay the
Repairing of Transports.
Tacoma. Wash, June 12.-All gov
ernment work on ships, according to
arrangements made by the local union
of machinists and Bremerton union.
may be done at the Bremerton drydock
without interference from any union
on Puget sound.
The committee of machinists and
boiler makers who went to Port Or
chnrd have returned to hold a meeting.
at which the order to quit work was
rescinded. An officer of the local union
said:
"The Tacoma and other unions on
on Puget sound We're aware that the
movement to take the government YES
sells to the drydocks was intended to
involve the Puget sound machinists'
unions with the government. Therefore
we were prepared to meet this move
ment and have authorized all strictly
government work to be done there.
"The decision will permit the Rose
Grams and the Bear to go TO the dry
dock to complete repairs, and local men
will be given work there
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1901-06-13

Lancaster, Pa, June ia dastardly
tempt to wreck fast express train Of
Chrlstinna early this morning Two 40
Quart milk cans filled with 400 pounds of
Big iron we've laid horizontally across the
tracks near the station.
The intention was to wreck the Phila-
delnhia express, very fast train that is
due AZ the place at 8 o'clock. But the
miscrean's made miscalculation as to
the time, as the express was preceded ny
n through freight. Tho latter was run
ming at q rapid ratio to keep out of the
way OF the express, and struck the OBJ
structions.
The engine was almost derailed and was
badly damaged. During the delay the ex-
press arrived and its narrow escape GREAT.
a,ed a sensatlon among the pnssengers
The iron was stolen from freight
sta n6ing near the station and was Drok-
en- in 10 small pieces. Railroad anthori-
tics are making every effort to apprshend
the guilty party,
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1901-06-13
THE DAILY REPUBLICAN
VOTING COUPON.
Buffalo.

John Boyle, 42O King, 3l,ss9
Uncle Billy Heal 81, 335
J. II. Wigglesworth, 80 5French 22,476
Miss Thielman, 1925 W. 9th 11,O27
VIM. Sitter, 1904 French 1890
Prof. Whitehead, High School 6sl2
James Watson, Penny Hill $685.
w. lIewes, 2305 Tatnall $500
Rev. John Shape, Del. Ave. Bap't 1904
Mrs. L. B, semple, High School 1850
Geo. Fighter, s27 Locust 3O53
j. A. Dance, I'll Pine 1920
j. G. Strong, 18th and Walnut 1872
Harry Keen, 1905 Kirkwood 1880
Lewis Ellison, 70S W. llth 1886
Rev. +. G. McKinsey, Christiana lO4O
Harry Evans. 23S Rodney 1915
Wilmer King, Newport 1861
.. Edwards. 724 S.,.Harrison 1000
W, d, Henry, 1910 Bennett oil
T. GIasco, 405 French S75
Sydney II. Green. l0l2Bennett ssS
Roland Welsh, 1907 W. 7th 1877
Earl Alliason, Marshallton TAI
James IIargis lmpd o. R. NJ. SOL
II. Clarks on, 1884 w. 18th 338
II. Grissom, Oil Church 260
James Alexander, 1903 Chestnut lS4
II. S. Gilbert, 800 e. 3rd l6l
Olen Phillips, Sl3 Bennett 265
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1901-06-13
CREDIT MEN IN
CONVENTION.

Cleveland, o, June 12.-The National
Association of Credit Men began its an
nual convention at The Colonial Hotel 10
day with go delegates present represent
Ing an aggregate capital of $1,000, 100000.
The convention CLOSES to morrow after
nocn. John Fleld, Of Philadelphia, tho
President, called tho delegates to order.
Mayor Tom johnson delivered an ad-
dress Of wclcomo on ibohalf Of the city
and A. L. Somers welcomed the convent
tion on behalf OF the local ASSOCIATE ID,
while Richard Hanlon, OF St. Louis, re.
sponded. The report of Secretary WILL
liam A. Prendergast, Of New York. show.
ed 3570 members In the association, an in
crease of ga in a year. Tho Delegates
present repressntentcd every State in tho
Union.
Resolutions were adopted re.indorsing 6
the national bankruptcy law and recon-.
mending the Ray bill for passage. 1t
was also decided to publish Business
Topics monthly in addition to tho month
ly bulletins. William Hotnhkiss, che
referee in bankruptcy at Buffalo spoke
OH The Business Of Making Laws He
said too many lava were passed and
that bu incss men should enter mora ac
lively into politics. The afternoon sess-
ion was devoted to trade conferences OF
the various lines represented in the asso
cietion, after which the delegates went
sigh seeng. The 100 ladies who accom-
panied delegates to the convention was
entertained at Dover Bay Park.
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1901-06-13

New York, June l2.
FIOUR-State and western weak Al Yesterdays
decline, with trade dull Minnesota patents, $500
a4l5; winter strsights, IS 45as55; winter extras,
s.. b0a2 s5; winter patents, sS. S.65aS,so.
WHEAT-Opened firm on cables and foreign
buying, but broke sharply under heavy July
liquidation; July. 7t7sa77Ac.; September 14ss
1880.
nYE-Quet: state, 6bsb6c., c. |. t., New York,
carlots; No . western, SOC, I. o. b., ahoat
CoRN--Dull and about steady on rumors Of
further export business July. 47c.
OATS-Slow. but steady; track, white, state,
s2lba37c.; track white. western 80 2a37c
PORK-Firm; mess, Sl575alG.75; family, sl5 30
al6.
I.ARD-Firm prime western steam, ssbc
BUTTER Steady; state dairy, liI2a ls' &C.. ;
creamery, 1Sha19izc.
CHEESE Irregular, fancy. large. colored sSsa
s&o: fancy, large white, sSsc.; fancy, small,
colored, &c. .; fancy. small white, &c.
EGGS-Dull and weak; state and Pennsylvania,
lSc western, eanded and selected, l212al"c
SuGaR-Rsw steady; fair refining, "9s2. rrr-
trifuesl, 90 test, Ne; refined steady; crushed,
6.05c powdered, 5s5e.
TCRPENTINE -Frmer at 25a95gc.
MOLASSFS Steady; New Orleans. 32a+hc.
RICE Quiet; domestic, S&aBc.; Japan. ana
4Hsc.
TALON Quiet; city, i7sc.; country, 5a5'ac.
HAY S,eady; shipping, 70a'2'2c' good to
choice. 90aG2lot.
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1901-06-13
Brothers Shoot Brothers.

Memphis, Tenn, June l.. Great
excitement prevails at Pine Buff over
the murder Of +. L. and solomon
Tlunkcr, negroes, by Rol trt and
Thomas n Clegg, brothers, white,
and there is strong talk of ynching
tonight. The Jail is gaurde by an
extra force Of armed deputies.
The men engaged in Guc with
pistols. Some claim the negroes were
Shot down in cold blood, Waile the
Cleggs maintain they were justified,
The Flunker brothers were leading
lodge men, and almost $4,000 has been
raised to prosecute the prisoners.
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1901-06-13
Got lier Letter After 40 Years.

Allentown, Pa, June ia let
ter containing money, sent from the
front by her husband during the
civil war, was delivered to Mrs.
Wright Of North Whitehall township
only a few days ago.
The post Office at Rising Sun was
discontinued during the Rebellion and
the postmaster packed the letter
with other mail matter in room
and quit the place in anger. The
Post ONCE Department never took
the trouble to claim the contents of
the office which included not only
mail but stamps as well.