davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1901-04-13

Mrs. Mart Shell Of Fessehden met
with a serious misfortune from an ex-
plosion Of dynamite. It seems that the
explosive, was used In excavating IN
the. cemetery. and that q piece was
lost. Mrs. Shell found it in the street.
took It home and attempted to dag
nose it with q PIN, with the result OF
feceiSfng q shattered thumb and The
Rw6 hrst. fingers of the, right hand.
me shattered members swer ,aHnpu y!
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1901-04-13
.seho,l Teacher Makes Money.

Miller, g. D.. April Edith Camp
he'll. 4 young school teacher here has
lust cleaned up $3.50 on a land sale.
She wal undecided some time ago
whether to invest her savings In q
quarter section Of land or In a piano.
She bought the land and sold it for a
$3.50 advance. The has since entered
the Huron college where she will
finish her education.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1901-04-13
yIctorx for NIneral

Victory for Miners
Springfield, ILL.,, April 9. = The con-
ference of the miners and operators of
the Springfield subdistrict succeeded in
reaching an agreement. The agreement
reached amounts to a practically COM
plete victory for the miners.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1901-04-13
Raided by

Kenosha, Wis, April s.-A gang Of
Chicago porch-climbers dropped in on
Kenosha Saturday night, and as q re.
suit four houses were burglarized and
jewelry and diamonds to the value of
nearly a thousand dollars taken.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1901-04-13
QUARREL OVER A WOMAN.

Albert Lea Citizen Stabbed by a Nor
ristOyvn Man.
Faribault, Mimi, April 9. Fred
Schultz, son of Albert Schultz, was
stabbed by Charles Hoffme!ster of
Morristown. The wound, which mar
rowly missed the jugular vein. re-
quired five stitches. He also received
two wounds in the arm. The quarrel
was over a woman. Hoffmeister is
under arrest. Schultz will probably
recover.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1901-04-13
King otto Dying.

Paris, April 9.-Two Paris specialists
on insanity have returned from Ger
many where. they were summoned for
consultation In the case Of King Otto
of B&VViaria:s They consider he will die
within q few weeks.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1901-04-13
stabbed to Deatb.

Memphis, Tenn, April 9. = At an
early hour yesterday morning Dan
Mcintyre. a we'll known man about
town, was stabbed to death by Thomas
Allen, a steamboat mate. 1t is said a
woma was the cause.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1901-04-13
Miners May str :

Altoona, Pa. April 1.-TWO thousand
miners In the Lilly and Bens Greek
lneld have taken action by resolution
that they will strike Tpril 10 unless
the full scale adopted at the Altoone
convention Is granted by that date.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1901-04-13
M.raerer captar4d.

Mena, Ark, April 10.-Lathe Hem
bree, the murderer Of NV. Willis. tie:
inspector and paymaster. Of the Ham
mond signer Tie company, who es-
capped from jail last month, was csp-5
tured seventeen miles from Mems.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1901-04-13
police Judge IN Trouble

Omaha, April 9.-Police Judge Gam.
uel I. Gordon was suspended by the
city council for the second time on
charges sof malfeasance In o1ice. IN
illegally suspending fines and SIN
tencet
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1901-04-13
serious Cuttinx ARray.

Grand FoSss. N. p, April Q. ~ ~
Oberon George Wagner and Charles
Gilligar. Northern Pacific section fore
a engaged In q fight and. Wagner
was seriously cut. Gilligan vas ar-
rested.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1901-04-13
FLOODS IN THE EAST
aEPoRrs OFF LOSS OF LIFE AND
PROPERTY.

Various Points in New England in
Great Danger-Rivcrs Swollen by
Recent Rains and he Unusual
Amount Of Snow in the Noun
tains-Police sound the Flood
Alarm Along the Merrimac, and
Business Men Make Energetic Ell
forts to Protect Their. Property.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1901-04-13
Killed by . Tooth.

Milwaukee, April s.-Mrs. Annie OLE
son, a cook, inhaled a tooth which
lodged In the lower lobe Of the left
lung. causing her death.
The Butte inter mountain. [volume] (Butte, Mont.) 1901-1912, 1901-12-21

the richer and heavier concentrates fall
below and by their sluices eventually
find their way to the saving tanks.
The saving of the finer concentrates,
one of the most important and diff
cult tasks OF the process is done by
means Of several styles Of tables. The
product then is passed on through the
other various departments of the
smelter and finally ends UP at the re-
finery, where the various metals are sep
arated and made ready for the market.
The general office building of the COM
pany, a commodious two-story brick
structure, is located near the upper
works where the chief officials of the
company have their offices and where
they transact their business.
Large boarding houses and dorma-
tories are located at the lower works;
accommodations are there provided for
several hundred men. but the major
The Butte inter mountain. [volume] (Butte, Mont.) 1901-1912, 1901-12-21

portion Of the employees make their
homes in the city and go to ana from
their work each day upon the electric
street cars or by means of bicycles. In
good weather great many walk.
This is the story. briefly told. of the
early history Of the old works, their
growth and workings up to the present
time. i
For IS years these works were under
the personal direction of Marcus DAILY.
His identity with the management or.
them and with the Anaconda mine only
ceased when he disposed of controlling
interest in the stock of the Anaconda
Copper Mining company, and when the
affairs Of that corporation became.
vested in the present corporation.
The Washoe Copper Mining company
was also creation Of Mr.. Daily, but
like the Anaconda company, 1t, too, be-
came the property of the Amalgamated
Copper company, which absorbed them
both.
The new works located just east of
Anaconda, distance of less than three
miles and upon which the finishing
touches are rapidly being made, were
originally planned as the property OF
the Washoe company: but since the
amalgamation the affairs of the Ana
conda company and the Washoe COM
pany have been and will continue to
be operated under one head. with Will
lam Scallon of Butte as the present
chief executive in Montana. The chosen
subordinates who looked after the man.
agement of the older plant have their
Jurisdiction extended to the new.
It is difficult to describe the new smel-
ter. buildings as they are today. but
some idea Of their colossal dimensions
can be formed through the medium Of
figures.
The structures which constitute the
smelters proper are six in number, the
converter, concentrator and bins. blast
furnace. reverbatory, power house and
machine shop and roaster besides many
others Of a supplementary character.
The Butte inter mountain. [volume] (Butte, Mont.) 1901-1912, 1901-12-21

"a lower grade than that which goes tc
the blast furnace. On being brought
from the mines of Butte over the Butte,
Anaconda & Pacic railway, the ore
laden cars are landed on the top OF the
ore bins. 80 feet from the ground; there
the contents are dumped into the bins
provided for them.
/, On being let out Of the bins the ore
then passes through the crushers and
when pulverized to required ftneness
reaches the two step jigs. the concen-
tration tables and on through all the
processes until the metallic particles, or
concentrates, are finally landed in the
Stun bins at the lower end OF the con-
centrator building.
From this point, the concentrates are
removed by means of miniature cars,
pulled by compressed air locomotives
and delivered to the rooster building,
who're the product Is unloaded ana
passed through the MacDougal furnaces,
here it becomes converted into calcine
and is again loaded into the little steel
cars and rapidly transferred to the
reverbatory where it is reduced to
matte; this done, its next destination Is
the converter. to which 1t is transferred
without cooling, where the metals are
rim into mOlds and formed into bullion
or annOdeS.
When this process is finished its next
destination is the refinery; there the
metals are separated whereupon they
become a commercial commodity.
To the blast furnace the very rich
ores, which do not require concentration.
are put through an entirely different
process and pass directly from there to
the refinery. Near the blast furnace
have been constructed four sections OF
wooden bins. into which the higher
grade ores are dumped from the cars
upon which they journey from the
mines. Each of these bins has the
dimensions of $50 feet in length and 25
feet in width. The ore is taken from
the bins as it is needed in the blast
furnace.
In smelling plants Of the past it has
The Butte inter mountain. [volume] (Butte, Mont.) 1901-1912, 1901-12-21

installed. and from this central point the
electric fluid will be generated and dis.
tr1buted to the arteries of the street rails
way and electric lighting systems Of An.
aconda. The power for the electric rail.
way Will all come from the concentrator
building dynamos, and the old water
power plant located west of the city will
De abandoned or retained as an auxiliary
or emergency plant.
Likewise all the electric lights furn-
ished to the citizens Of the city will
have the same source of supply and
the service greatly and materially inn
proved.
The Norberg engines used in the con-
centrator building are gigantic in size;
it is doubtful if any as large can be
found in the Rocky mountain regions;
they are beyond question the largest
in Montana and believed to be the
largest anywhere in the West
There are three of them, each having
a capacity of 5000 horsepower. One of
them was on exhibition at the Chicago
Worlds Fair. The machinery of the
concentration building is the only part
of the entire plant that will derive
its power from these enormous engines.
The machinery of the various other
= buildings will derive it's power from
the power house and machine shop
building. This building contains the
huge blowers, a necessary thing around
smelling works.
1t was on June Is, 1900, that the first
ground was broken for the gigantic
Washoe works. Only few we've pres
ent on the occasion and thousands Of
people who made Their homes in the
city up the valley could not realize
! then what an important epoch in Ana
conda's history that really was.
Even today there are people in the
Smelter City who do not comprehend
what the Importance of the enterprise
means in contributing to the permanent
prosperity of this place.
The first sod turned and the first twig
of sage brush uprooted for the new
structures was on the spot where the
rooster building now stands. In the
following August the first structural
iron Uas raised under the direction of
John r. Keers, local representative Of
the Brown Ketcham Iron works. which
was awarded the contract for the erec-
ton of all the larger buildings save
one.
Mr.. Keers has had charge of this
structural work devoting his personal
attention to 1t from the start and has
| received many words of praise from his
employers, also from officials of the
Anaconda company, for efficiency shown
in every detail.
The general supervision of the entire
works of construction, covering all de-
partments, has been in the hands of
Charles H. Repath chief engineer, and
F. HI. Collins assistant chief engineer,
! aided by a competent staff who have
| faithfully carried out their orders.
The Washoe plant was in contempla-
| ton for several years prior to the first
breaking of ground, but the drawing
of the plans, accepted later, was not
undertaken until April, 1900 when w. S.
Sample of the Brown Ketcham company
began on those of the buildings. He
completed his labors In September Of
| that year.
On the premises about the new smell
] ter buildings is a net work Of railway
The Butte inter mountain. [volume] (Butte, Mont.) 1901-1912, 1901-12-21

this great undertaking. They, in turn,
had only master builders in their en-
ploy. and through the exercise of their
mechanical skill every portion of the
big plant is so complete in every detail
that it is almost impossible for any par
ticle of the metals contained in the ores
to get away; if any do escape. it Is
by the merest chance; anyway. the per-
centage of losses Is mere nothing.
In the converter, rooster and blast fur
mace buildings are constructed large dust
chambers, the purpose of which Is to
catch the metals carried towards the
stacks in smoke. The dust chambers are
so arranged that their contents can be
automatically loaded into the little steel
cars which perform various functions
about the premises and conveyed to the
'briquetting plant" located just to the
east of the power house and south Of
the blast furnace, where the substances
caught in the dust chambers are put
through especially provided machinery;
then undergoing various processes.
The product is finally formed into small
bricks. in which shape they are re-
smelted, and their precious contents
saved. The "bricquetting plant" is one
of the most important parts of the works,
and it is claimed that the savings made
by it goes a long ways towards paying
operating expenses.
In the building of the great Washoe
plant compressed air has been an i'm
portant factor. 1t was used as the pro-
polling power for almost every mechan-
ical device known to modern builders.
and by it's application in all departments
of construction, a work which otherwise
The Butte inter mountain. [volume] (Butte, Mont.) 1901-1912, 1901-12-21

Total of structural steel, pounds. %, S07 900
Total number of tons steel...... 11,40S
It took more than 500 cars to bring
these structural parts from the factories
of the East. Besides these, were 80 car
loads of corrugated iron used as cover
ings.
1t is estimated that the tonnage of the
machinery used in the new shelters
amounts to about three times that of
the buildings themselves, or about 35.-
900 tons, or 100000 pounds.
Nothing has yet been said about the
great stacks which will carry the smoke
and fumes off into space. There are
Ave large ones all told. None are less
than 200 feet high; some are more, and
have diameter of "a feet inside the
steel walls. There are two smaller
stacks, which stand only 1856 feet above
the ground. There is also a small one
at the briquetting plant, hereafter de-
Scribed. which has an interior diameter
oF6 feet and is 125 feet tail.
with the exception of the latter, each
stack was built where 1t stands; each
section was put in place piece by piece
and securely fastened by rvets battered
down by the employment of compressed
air hammers.
II took weeks to build them and was
atruction found about the works; it was
d dangerous task for the men who con-
trfbuted their labor to the building of
them, but happily, accidents of serious
nature We're comparatively few.
The stack at the briquetting plant was
built on the ground and was then
raised to its position by means of der
ricks. In the Innings of the larger
stacks 100000 bricks We're used in each.
It would require much space to de-
scribe scientifically the treatment the
ore receives from the time it is unloaded
from the cars in the crude until the
metals it contains come out in refined
state. ~. 'E
Only person thoroughly posted on
smelling matters rcould do the matter
Justice and even then the average reader
would be but littles the wiser. The tech
nical terms used would not be under
Stood, their meaning vague. SO it is
thought best to follow only the general
course of the ore as it passes from one
place to another on it's journey toward
the refinery.
The ore fed to the concentration Is of
The Butte inter mountain. [volume] (Butte, Mont.) 1901-1912, 1901-12-21


has run about per cent ~ copper, but
ores of much higher gradkls handled.
The output for the f1sca anding
December l. 1901. is placl e ween
$50, 100000 and $40. 900, 600; Athe at pro-
ceeds about $4,000, 900. These figures
are based on estimates.
On account Of the long service of the
upper works, and the approaching COM
petition of the new Washoe plant 1t has
been decided to put them out of commits
sion entirely, at least a part of them,
the concentrator; unless it is decided in
the future to remodel and convert them
tor at these works was closed down
some weeks ago and such parts of the
machinery as could be used was trans
ferred to the new works.
The lower concentration is equipped
much the same as was the upper be-
fore it was closed. Improved crushers
and steam stamps are used and after
going through that process the coarse
ORE not rich enough to be sent to
matte, is crushed by means of auxiliary
rods, and still finer by passing through
several kinds of mills The general and
primary work of separating the rich
ore from the poorer is done by two step
jigs.
means Of streams of water, while grav-
ity. working in conjunction with the
jerky motion of the jigs, the Lighter and
less valuable concentrates are carried
off into reservoirs provided for them;
The Butte inter mountain. [volume] (Butte, Mont.) 1901-1912, 1901-12-21

plored, the producing capacity of the
mines was steadily increased, Butte
achieved more fame as great mining
camp and in due time the necessity
came Of enlarged facilities for reduc-
tion; this led to the building later OF
what is commonly known as the Lower
Works.
More extensive than the upper and
Including the converter building, in adj
dition to many supplementary struct-
ures. all thoroughly equipped with
everything necessary to the systematic
and economical conduct of the function
assigned to them.
AS the works were enlarged, it was
the policy of those in control to in
troduce every improved piece of ma
chinery or device that would lessen the
cost of extraction or better the facilities
for handling the product of the mines.
II any new system or advanced ideas
The Butte inter mountain. [volume] (Butte, Mont.) 1901-1912, 1901-12-21

ton at the beginning of the twentieth
century of being The Worlds Greatest
Copper Smelling City.
But the pages of history have so
recorded, and it is source OF great
pr'de to every resident of Anaconda
ana Deer Lodge county to point to the
neiShborng foothills, dotted with high
stacks belching forth their volumes of
smoke and fumes and say: There is
located the largest copper smelling
plant on earth; there is produced
large percentage of the worlds output
of copper: there thousands of wage
workers find lucrative employment"
When Marcus Daily decided that the
ores of the Anaconda mine should be
smelted elsewhere than Butte. he was
ever mindful of the fact that an abund-
auce Of water was the first matter of
Importance to be considered in the
DAILY hc had not reached this work: he
then haze in view. Many places were
considered, but none of them seemed
to meet all requirements quite so we'll
as the one which he finally decided upon
and from which the building of Ana
conda resulted.
Warm Spring creek canyon furnished
a supply sufficient for all needs for
time: but far up in the mountains We're
other streams and lakes which he had
the forethought to secure title to, SO
that when the city he founded grew to
large proportions, when the smeIters he
established became enlarged and i'm
proved, the waters of Warm Springs
creek cou 4 be reinforced from a source
irexhaustible.
There We're Storm lake, Brains lake,
Lake Hurst. Silver lake, all of which
coiild be tapped and their waters d.
Nerted from their natural channels and
conveyed into Warm Springs creek.
When the control of the Anaconda
mire passed from the hands of Marcus
LAZY he had not reached this work. he
had planned to do it, but While the
management of the Anaconda Copper
Mining company's affairs was in his
hands it was not necessary to make the
enormous outlay of money which the
contemplated improvements meant.
His ideas We're carried out, however,
1y the management of the present COM
pany and the showing made along the
lines mapped out by Mr.. Daly are evil
dent at the present time.
Anaconda came into existence IS years
ago, in 1888; at first it was village of
tents. but before the close of that year
many homes We're built, substantial bus
ton of the building of the first smell
tioin of the building OF the first smell
ter here, which followed the next year.
The first smelter building construct
ed was what is now known as the Upper
Works. The machinery installed then
wa1 the most modern that could be
obtained at that period. but crude COM
pared to the productions of this time;
the result of the pronounced advances
made since in the science of smelling
ores.
These works met all requirements for
a time, but the development of the Ana
oonda mine was pushed steadily and
energetically forward. New and extern
rive ore bodies were discovered and eX-
The Butte inter mountain. [volume] (Butte, Mont.) 1901-1912, 1901-12-21

been difficult matter to save! all the
values; in fact, the losses in metals
which escape in one way or another are
heavy. If they did not get away in the
smoke and fumes they did in some other
manner. But when the new Washoe
plant was designed 1t was the aim Of the
builders to let nothing of value escape.
The science of smelling has advanced
so materially in the past few years they
were enabled to do so.
Only men of great competence and a
high quality of worth in the smelling
world were chosen by the management
of the Amalgamated company to conduct
The Butte inter mountain. [volume] (Butte, Mont.) 1901-1912, 1901-12-21

operated extensively to pull the calcine
cars. Stag cars and the dininutive trains
here and there about the works. At the
Washoe plant compressed air will do this
important work
1t must not be understood from this
that the use of electric power is to be
curtailed. On the contrary electricity
will be employed in many ways where 1t
Is not in the older smeltors across the
valley. Electric cranes will be operated
for doing heavy lifting wherever re-
quired.
At the concentration power house soma
Of the largest dynamos in the West ars
The Butte inter mountain. [volume] (Butte, Mont.) 1901-1912, 1901-12-21

Quarter of a century ago no one ever
thought that the little valley near the
mouth of Warm Springs creek canyon
would be the home of thousands of in
dustrious citizens; no one realized then
that a city of great importance in the
commercial world would be built here;
no one ever dreamed that it would be-
come famous because of it's enormous
smelling plants and win the distinc-
The Butte inter mountain. [volume] (Butte, Mont.) 1901-1912, 1901-12-21

of treating ore were sprung upon the
mining world it was experimental with:
mining world they We're Experimental
with: if the method proved advantageous
it was adopted.
So it was that the Anaconda conf
pany kept abreast with the times and
established here the largest and most
complete copper smelling plant on the
earth. The buildings of the old works are
The Butte inter mountain. [volume] (Butte, Mont.) 1901-1912, 1901-12-21

would have taken a term of years to
accomplish. perhaps never undertaken.
has been done within a comparative few
months.
6 The employment of compressed air was
most noticeable to visitors, perhaps most
wondered at by them, when they heard
the rapid "pity-pats'' as the great steel
beams constituting the skeletons of the
buildings were raised into position. The
frame work as it was raised piece by
The Butte inter mountain. [volume] (Butte, Mont.) 1901-1912, 1901-12-21

tracks. The B., A. & p. lines are in
evidence everywhere. also those upon
which the trains operated by COM
pressed air will run; many of the tracks
are built on high trestles, and into the
various buildings: some are laid along
the surface of the ground and others
in tunnels under the surface.
All the way from 1000 to 1900 men have
bee.l kept constantly employed at tho