davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1900-02-19

best sea9or OF IN ttsse, tut Il all do
pends upon the position OF the troops
and the urgency ~ the fight which Will
do the most execution The British
carry ten shots In the magazine and
the Beers FIVE.
General Siclsles Is not alone I'm wish
Ing for moro complete data OF the fight
ing IN South Africa before expressing
opinions as 10 the lessons 10 be learned
by military men. Two sets OF figures
nave been made cut for the British
losses az Spiou kop. one set places II al
7S4 and another az S2s. The number OF
troops engaged there has been set down
as 1900. Increased 10 5000, and General
Butler stated that the casualties were
40 per cent Al the same time the gen,
eral mentioned but five commands az
having fought splendidly. and the cas-
ualties IN officers referred to but five
commands, which probably carried into
battle not over 1000 men.
Being myself a veteran soldier fainfi-
lar with the difficulties OF close fight
ing, II is with reluctance mat I state
that accounts from South Africa show
that British soldiers as mass do not
fisht 10 n finish. The British themselves
go out Of their way 10 praise the te-
nacity and valor Of the Beers. but on
reading between the lines il is evident
from the accounts of British CORE
spondents and official dispatches that
Tommy Atkins does not stand 10 his
work in the supreme moment. Methuen's
casualties at Magersfontein were less
than 10 per cent and II transpires that
his army backed away from the Boer
position before IL had half tried
STRENGTH ha ho
counts stated that the Black Watch got
within 200 yards of the Boer works An
officer OF the Guard brigade wrote that
the Highlanders got within 100 yards ot
the enemy. but an officer OF the Black
Watch places the distance at 500 10 900
yards. 1t is plain, from British ac-
counts, that the Highanders stampeded
At the first fire. They also led off i'm the
retreat. and the other commands fol-
lowed
At Tugela River, where Butler lost IL
guns. the Beers shot down the horses
and oxen OF the batteries at 450 yards.
Then the gunners abandoned their
pieces. In the civil war IL was a COM
mon occurrence for the battery horses
TO be shot down, but unless the eunners
fired until the enemy swarmed into the
batteries and then defended their pieces
with handspikes, rammer STATS and
even stones, IL was not called good
fighting. Spion Kop was a forlorn hope
equal TO the Confederate assault on
Little Round Top. But IL transpres
that, after 1000 men had lost 40 per
cent and there were 5000 fresh supports
at hand, the captured ground was
abandoned without orders.
Nothing less than a fight TO finish
between formidable bodies Of combat
ants can determine the effectiveness OF
the weapons and projectiles now in use
II armies cease TO fight upon losing 10
per cent of the total strength, then that
percentage represents the limit of hu-
man endurance In modern warfare.
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1900-02-19

ketry fire. Instances might be cited to
show that, under certain circumstances,
artillery fire was still more deadly dur
ing the civil war. IL must be taken for
granted that such was the case when
ever solid bodies OF troops marched up
20 the cannon's mouth. In Pickett's
charge. when the assaulting column
closed in on the Federal works. the
Federal batteries stationed there in some
instances used double charges OF cam
lister at ten PAGES: that means that the
assailants who had the courage TO
march up 90 the muzzles were swept
from the ground by iron hail At the
battle OF Franklin. Tenn. the slaughter
Of the Confederate columns upon the
ground where the heaviest fighting took
place was frightful I'm the extreme.
Much OF the execution at that fight was
due TO cannon fire. The Confederate
army was about 40, 900 strong and began
the attack on the Federal fortified po-
sltion at the close OF November day.
probably as late as 4 80 .. m. so that
there was not two Hours OF daylight
for fighting. only one corps Of the
ConfeGerates actually closed in on the
Federal works. and its strength was
probably not over 5000 men. In the
battle there were GOOO Confederates
killed and wounded. among them ls gem
eral officers The officers who fell were
found close 10 the Federal breastwOrks,
in some cases In the ditch. where they
had been shot from their horses white
attempting TO ride over the works at
the heads Of their columns. The scenes
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1900-02-19

, two days OF battle Longstreet's corps OF
Is. 900 lost 1000 men killed and wound
ed. a percentage, you see, about equiv
alent 10 the loss OF my own corps.
Much has been said about the prob
able superiority OF British artillery.
This superiority has not been demon
strated up TO this time. but. even II the
xsRritish should be better supplied with
modern long range cannon than the
Beers. IL may not prove TO be great
advantage for them. Artillery Is, Of
course. effective 20 break up solid lines
Of infantry. Naturally, i'm assaulting
positions held by artillery the columns
OF assailants must be deep for the rea-
son that thin line Of troops would be
blown from the ground and could do
nothing: but N there are several lines.
then the men Of the third or fourth or
fifth lines viii close mp the gaps I'm the
first and second lines. and, II they are
persistent they viii be able TO DO some
thing against the heaviest artillery ~
is impossible 90 make artillery FIRE ef-
fective against troops who are covered
behind a height. for instance or by the
lay Of the land or by rocks and trees.
Il never had much faith Iva the ef-
feetlvencss of long range weapons. for.
once you teach troops that they can
send bullet mile. u takes away their
intrepidity. Napoleon I'll demoralized
his army by causing the soldiers TO
think that the long range breechload-
ing chassepot and the mitrallleuse
would defeat the enemy. II took all the
elan out Of them and made them mere
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1900-02-19

OF these casualties came from bullets
fired from the stone wall. This loss in
officers killed was never exceeded but
once in the whole civil war. and that
was i'm the case Of the Seventh New
Hampshire at the storming Of Fort
Wagner. In that affair IL officers OF
this regiment We're killed outright
In the attack upon the stone wall
the Seventh regiment fought with Han
cocks division. This division as al
ready indicated. was brought in as a
supporting column 10 the initial attack.
II consisted of rs recipients. and there
were 10 regimental commanders shot
down and disabled in one hour. Others
were hit, but kept the field. In the
brigade OF Colonel Caldwell 90 which
the Seventh regiment belonged, there
were 1i6 officers present. So OF whom
were killed or wounded. General Han
cocks division lost 2029 killed and
wounded out Of Asa paper strength;
that equals ~ per cent. Caldwelfs bril-
gade numbered 1887 on paper. and lost
s52 killed and wounded-that Is 60 say.
so per cent
It might be said that the attack ~
Hancooks division. coming after other
troops had been repulsed. was Ia the
nature OF a forlorn hope. but the cas-
ualties In South Africa. which have
been made the most OF as having been
heavy. were sustained i'm actions which
should be looked upon as forlorn hopes
for instance. the charge OF the High
land brigade at Magersfontein and the
attack upon Spion kop. In a forlorn
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1900-02-19

fighting right through at San Juan hill.
tnc percentage of loss in the cavalry di-
Vision was "a per cent and that OF the
infantry 10 per cent. This includes all
OF the infantry and all of the cavalry
on the field of battle
The partial returns Of casualties from
South Africa seem TO apply. whenever
percentages are hinted at. only 10 the
troops Immediately engaged. The per-
centaCe OF officers shot down in the cav
airy and infantry at Santiago runs as
follows, from the highest to tie lowest:
Tenth cavalry, so per cent; Ninth, 80
per cent Third. % per cent; Sixth. 25
per cent rough riders. "a per cent !:
Sixth infantry. 3S per cent: Thirteenth.
~ per cent. Tenth 2S per cent; Six
ieenth. 26 per cent. Twenty-fourth. 26
per cent Second. % per cent. In the
fight on San Juan hill, which was bat
tie OF less than day there were SO off,
GERS shot down.
The effectiveness Of tile long range
weapons used I'm the South African war
and the mortality which is looked upon
by the lnymen as something excessive
attract the notice Of military men who
have had actual experience i'm war.
When tho dispatch was published re-
Gently stating that General Buffers
army was again I'm close touch with
the Beers" the attention OF General
Daniel +. Sickles was called TO IL. "Ha.
ha'" said he. and then. reading on
further he saw the statement that the
distance between the opposing lines was
1900 yards. Well" said he. that may
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1900-02-19

machines. The Germans. who. by the
way also had their breechloadlng. long
range rifle, the needle gun, rushed 20
close quarters, and the result was dis
astrous 20 the French"
General Nelson a. Miles said recently,
apropos OF the subject OF modern inn
proved weapons and projectiles In rela-
tion 20 battlefield casualties, Losses
diminish in proportion as man killing
devices progress" This Is fact as
shown by figures, and is well known 10
close students OF warfare. Examples
OF the kind cited by General sickles
i'm the case Of his own regiment and
brigade might be found In scores from
the records OF the civil war Take, for
instance, the Federal attack upon the
Confederate stCne wall at Fredericks-
burg in iS62. The experience OF the Sew
enth New York (Steuben) regiment in
that charge is typical. The Seventh
went I'm after other brigades had been
repulsed in front OF the stone wall so
that IL did not receive the fierce out
burst Of Confederate fire. but I'm 20 min
utes. or at the outside 30 minutes, out
Of q officers In the regiment 10 were
killed and wounded. and out OF $50
men 2iO were killed and wounded. All
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1900-02-19
WASHINGTON a CENTURY AGO.

On Feb. 20, 1900. a century ago. the
obsequies OF George Washington were
officially celebrated at the national cap
city Of the nation. The greatest Amer
ican was also the subject OF eulogies
throughout the civilized world. Wash
ington died on Dec. IA. 1879. after a
Few hours OF great suffering. He pass
ed away at half past 10 o'clock In the
evening. and by his side were his devot-
ed wife. his secretary, Colonel Tobias
Lear. and his two lifelong friends and
physicians, Drs. Dick and Cralk. The
last words he spoke were 1T Is well"
In these days. when Washington's
memory is revered by every one. 1t
seems strange to read that on his birth
day anniversary in 1896 motion was
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1900-02-19

yards. and may close down 20 1,lO0 or
1000 yards. At the latter range the fire
is supposed 10 be very effective /
should very much like to see the official
records OF the Boer losses in the recent
attack upon Ladysmith. IL is said that
the fighting there was at 900 yards
range. and the Beers being tho assall-
ants. the losses sustained by them. IL
they can be ascertained. would be q
test for the effectiveness OF the modern
weapons. OF course. there has been no
fighting by large bodies OF men in South
Africa-that il 10 say, large bodies such
as we were accustomed TO marshal in
The battles OF the civil war. Take my
corps at Gettysburg. numbering from
$500 20 1000 men, In the course Of a
three hours fpht we lost A.2il men
killed and wounded. The casualties
were chiefly bullet casualties. IL is true
that the Confederate opened the bail
that day with about 90 pieces of artil-
lery. and during the fight l brought up
nearly ~ many cannon. My opponent
Longstreet. fought me that day with
about 10000 men i'm two divisions. The
next day Lopgstleets third division
General PicHotts-had a night all by it
self en Cemetery ridge, and in these
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1900-02-19

witnessed at the battle OF Franklin
have seldom been equaled during the
century.
Theory figures out what weapon
can do against given target. One en-
thusiast. writing OF the Creusot gun
now heard of I'm South Africa. says.
with such pieces one can i'm seven min
utes put hors de combat three-quaTters
OF the effective Of the troops or a cover
ed campaign battery at a distance Of
more than two miles" OF course. that
would be possible. provided the SOL
diers were inclined TO stand up and be
shot down without an attempt to get 20
cover This would not occur one time
i'm hundred. Hundreds Of thousands
OF projectiles have been rained upon in
closed positions with only trihing cas-
ualties. The better the weapons an
army is going TO be called upon 10 face
the closer viii he the attention paid TO
securing cover for the troops while un-
der FIRE. " is only IN cases Of accidental
miscalculation or rare foolhardness
that a mass OF troops is exposed 20 the
murderous fire Of breechloaders or OF
quick firing cannon
II was supposed that the British army
would be supplied with the latest forms
of weapons. Their machine gun is the
Maxim with certain notifications. and
II seems that the Beers are supplied
with the same piece. At Tugela river
Colonel Long found that his guns We're
outclassed by those Of the Beers, and
for that reason he pushed them dan
gcrously close TO the Boer position. and
lost them in consequence.
Since the Franco Prussian war there
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1900-02-19
As Effectiveness Of Weapons Increases,
Fatalities In Battle Appar-
emily Decrease.
BY CAPTAIN G. l. KlLMER. LATE u. S. v.

n DER and Briton have demonstrated
~ in the -four months OF South Az
rican warfare some things about
: mp TO date fighting machines. One Inn
portant fact brought out is that, for
creating extensive cemeteries and MAX
ias bloody history. the old fashioned
fighters, with their old fashioned short
RANGE weapons, still hold the champion
ship Dynamite bombs and lyddite
shells. bullet sitting machines and long
range smokeless powder guns have not
feazed the worlds record for carnage
nm iota. The civilized nations stand
aghast at the fail OF few score OF Off
GERS in a single fight as though II were
an unheard OF thing and that science
had rendered warfare too frightfully
cory for it TO be tolerated among hu-
man beings. Probably the almost
bloodless victories of our navy at Ma
Mia Bay and Santiago have led people
20 look for enormous gains on a mimi
mum Of investment These were mar
vclous exceptions.
War means fighting, and fighting In
war worthy OF the name means killing
on both sides The casualties among Off
ccrs are reported promptly. and at first
blush seem to be excessive but when
the returns are Officially made up IL
often transpires that the percentage Is
no greater than would be expected from
the more exposed positions that brave
officers Will take in a fight and the fact
that the insignia on their uniforms
make them exceptional targets. Lock
ed at alone, the losses OF officers at
Santiago were exceptionally large. We
have no percentages Of the officers. kill
ed i'm the South African war; but, judg-
ing from the proportion OF officers TO
men, IL may be believed that the losses
among British officers up 10 this time
have not been as great under similar
circumstances as they were at Santiago
For instance. the Sixth United States
infantry, which charged on the San
Juan blockhouse lost % per cent OF its
men killed and wounded in a fight last
ing not more than two hours and 3s
pcr cent of it's officers. Taking the
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1900-02-19

nope attack upon hos breastworks at
Petersburg in 1861 the First Maine
heavy artillery carried S32 men IN line
and lost G32 killed and wounded i'm a
rush that kept them under FIRE not TO
exceed seven minutes. ~ Gettysburg
during a crisis. the First Minnesota was
called upon 20 chargc "a moving line or
Confederate and capture its colors, In
order 20 stlgger the assailants, who
were marching upon Federal batteries
The Confederate held their fire until
the daring Yankees were close up. and
2l5 OF the Mianesotans out OF 262 were
struck down upon a few square yards
Of earth. just at the point OF contact.
In the second battle Of Bull Run. 1862.
Duryee's zouaves stood up m front OF
a battery which was being mobbed by
Confederate troops and left 1l9 dead
companions stretched in regular rows
around wheel ruts and trail prints on
the spot where the ans had stood. The
regiment numbered 40 at the beginning
Of the fight
The heaviest losers at the battle Of
Gettysburg were two opposing reg
iments-the Twenty-fourth Michigan
ald the Twenty-sixth North Carolina.
They fought in the first days battle al
most man for man i'm the dueling con-
test which took place In McPhersons
woods. At the end OF the day nothing
remained OF either regiment except
their nags and two pitiful squads OF
battle grimed soldiers. The Mchigans
lost S97 out Of 1876. and the North Car
olnas 6Ss out OF $50.
The casualties sustained by these
troops were almost entirely from mus
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1900-02-19

be called being in touch with the en-
envy but in our time we should consid-
er 200 yards as simply long artillery
range"
long range weapons and the methods
OF warfare introduced by them general
ly. General Sickles said To the writer
that SO far he had seen nothing TO CON
vince him that warfare under present
conditions is exceptionally fatal. Take
my own regiment which was with me
as part OF my brigade at the battle OF
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1900-02-19
WASHINGTON.

Transcendent mani His mortal part
Has long since passed our ken,
Yet face and form, by painters art,
Are made to live again.
What majesty imbued that forni
What grandeur marked that browt
Sure Nature never did perform
Her noblest work till nov.
She lent 10 Il her utmost skin.
Her touch. frm, but elastic.
And, as her crowning act OF viii.
She used her choicest plastic.
The people leaned on his great arm;
he bade the nation live.
He was their rock in wars alarm,
Their safe alternative.
lie moved through scenes of waste and wtrs
Plying yet serene;
Heart wrung was he, but vet needs wore
frn and stesdfast mien.
When peace ensued. the wasted land
Involved cen greater care;
tn appalling task made stern dsman3
For all his wisdom rare.
This nation is an object proof
OF what the man has dones
= vi what he was Il 10 enough
IL Rame g. "Nsshineten~'
on. rrandest life. subIimer sodi
Oh. proudest mortal namsi
Through coming time. ss sges role
They carry down thy lame.
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1900-02-19

made in congress TO adjourn In his hon.
or. but was lost because a few disaffect-
ed members declared that II would be a
bad precedent" When the crowd out
side heard the news. such shouting
ensued that the speakers could not be
heard. and an adjournment was forced.
Washington's birthday is now legal
holiday in the District OF Columbia and
in every state in the Union except six.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1900-02-28
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The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1900-02-28

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The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1900-02-28
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The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1900-02-28
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