The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1900-07-08
WINTER IN THE ANTARCTIC.
BOECHGREvTNK'S EXPEDITION TO
n SOUTH MAGNETIC POLE.
Reached - Degrees SO south. Fifteen Minutes
Farther Than Ro.slsnd at Foot Of Mount
TsrrOr-Unable to Penetrate Mountains

Farther Than R0ssland at root OF mount
Tsrror-Unable to Penetrate Mountains
Tho fact that nothing had been heard from
Mr.. l.orchgrevink' s par ty on the Southern Cross.
aftei the cablegram from New Zealand that le
hnd axed the position of the south magnetic pole.
arc, ed the suspicion that the expedition had
not net with the success II anticipated. This
sus, aion is confirmed by Mr., Borchgrevink 8
acc, mt OF his adventures delivered before the
Royal Geographical Society on June Is, which
we r print from the London Times!
i. .nething has been added to our stock OF
Lno' ledge without doubt. Human beings have
10 whit red for the first time on the Antarctic Con-
y tine :, and a push has been made Il few miles
/; iurt,i " south than has been trav"rsed before.
The xpedition, however, was unable to leave the
hen, and on which IL had been landed, and Its
ma uetic observations might have been taken
juSi Us we'll without wintering on Cape Adare'
TIL Whole Antarctic problem remains therefore
still u, be solved by the expeditions now being
fori ID. This IL Mr.. Borchgrevink story;
~ was on Dec. 30. 1898. that the southern
Cros~ first struck the scouts of the Antarctic Ice
pach IN latitude 81 SO south and Longitude 1898
east The appearance Of the first pack took
him = y surprise. but he regarded II as a promis-
ing On of early Antarctic spring The vessel
eli d the ice pack, and on Jan. Ia high, snow
SlGd and was discovered TO the south, This
prov, d TO be Balleny Island. A time OF great
any, ty followed. and ii was only on Feb IL
thai Robertson Bay was entered. The low
lyiEr peninsula OF Cape Adare was only sighted
whe they were close to the shore. The anchor
VIZ, Popped in ten fathoms of water and a salute
fred. The cape and Its surroundings seemed
ire-r rom ice and snow than on the occasion OF
- - A.. ....s .n 1904 1hAV fhn
cap had several feet of ice and snow on the
toy low 1t was absolutely bare. Arrangements
wer. at once made for landing the stores. in
strur ,ents, dogs. and outfit required by the
par, who were TO spend the winter in the Ant
arcl,a. Although the bay was at first Tree from
Ice strong gale from the southeast placed the
vcsS, In great danger. On March l the Union
JAG. presented TO the expedition by the Duke
OF ! rk was formally hoisted on Victoria Land
an Il loud cheers from those on shore and a
saluis from the Southern Cross. which left next
Ga, IN its return to New Zealand.
IT,, members Of the expedition who were
left, he first men to winter on Antarctic land.
werl ten in number. Besides Mr.. Borch-
gre, ak there were Lieut.. ". Colbeck. R.N. r..
ma letic observer; Mr.. Nicholas Hanson.
ZOO. sist taxidermist, Mr.. Louis Bernacchi.
liiN opCti " oae lhDO
gra, her; DR., II. kloostad. NJ, A., NJ. D.; MIR.
Hug Evans. assistant z~oologist; Mr.. Anton
Fou. uer. factotum; MIR. Colbeln Ellefsen. cook;
thu rim savio. and the Finn Must. The first
tash was to carry up the various stores landed
from the ship TO the camping place. some 800
yar's from the beach. On March IL. accom-
palu ID by Mr.. Bernacchi. Mr.. Borohgrevink
a., AIDED Cape Adare to the height Of 1870
feet. They found traces Of the pengulns as
far u loo feet. But on the l4th all the pen
gums had left and the skau gulls began to get
SEA- 10. A magnetic observatory was estab-
lisi d, and also "A meteorological observatory
soia, 800 yards away from the huts. A heavy
gaze which came on gave the explorers some
idea of the climatic conditions which they
hal to expect, At Camp Ridley 1.-THE name
given by Mr.. Borchgrevink to the settlemenu
the wind attained a velocity OF eishty-seven
mil 3 an hour. Meteorological observations
wrro taken every two hours, day and night,
anil magnetic observations whenever the con-
dit ons were favorable. Geological specimens
were collected from Cape Adare. and the doctor
mate microscopic Investigations Of the blood
Of ,he members Of the expedition. On April 20
Mr.. Borchgrevink made the first attempt TO
was there about ~ feet thick. All round
the bay the land rose in sheer cliffs several
tho usand feet high, The expedition almost
ended in disaster. and II was only with the great
-t,yceeded In returning to Cape Ridley. The
dAnovery that fish could be caught was welcome.
ar FISH and seals formed an une1pected ad-
Rnlss, and the difficulty Of taking meteorological
oh ervations proved almost insuperable, the
Oh server finding : necessary TO visit the station
with a rope round his waist. ON one occasion
Mr.. Evans was lost in the binding snowdriit
for three hours. and men and dogs alike SUI
fered greatly from frost bites. During July
several small sledge Journeys were accom-,
plished on the coast Of Victoria Land. and
dcpots were made at several places along
IN one Of these expeditions over the Ice an
4 and was discovered. which Mr., Borchgrevink
NJ med Duke OF York, leland; The coast line
vs investigated and a valuable geological
G lection made. on the journey back to
C,imp Ridley in August the lowest tempera-
r~.rature was recorded, So Fair, August and
September were spent IN e S.p,sh, on ,h IN Lang ,nSS
n sde 1t impossible to reach the interior; near
Robertson Bay. for example, II reached nearly
1000 feet, Immense glaciers precipitatsd
Il emselves into the sea, sometimes at an angle
OF 50 degrees, crossed by innumerable Gre
vrsses. making the coast expeditions both
I . camp was established in the nelghborhood
az Mount Sabine, and great difficulty was ex-
IHrienced in maintaining, communication be-
lost his life by falling into a crevasse. on one
Of the glaciers Of Victoria Land, With In
credible difficulty, however, and the aid Of a
i've Ice. he managed to reach the top. Both
Duke OF York Island and a district OF great
geological interest which Mr., Borchgrevtnk
afneu lrelkle ldlu proven W nc ich III ulin-
erals. Soon after his return from one Of these
expeditions, on October Is, Mr.. Hanson died.
Tn that day the first penguin had returned.
Qnd on Nov. 3 the party enjoyed their first
fast of eggs. The peninsula by that time was
warming with penguinS, Of which a constant
,Ieam could be discerned far out on the ice.
With short Interruptions, heavy gales, some
reaching a velocity Of l0S miles an hour. were
experienced. In the Antarctic. the explorer
Il without many Of the aids on which the Arctic
explorer may reckon. There are no bears,
foxes, musk oxen, or reindeer, and accord
ingly nearly double the quantity Of provis-
ions must be taken on an expedition Of a given
not only impossible to travel for long periods.
but difficult To exist at all, The great heights
Of Victoria Land and the enormous glaciers
present almost insuperable difficulties TO ex-
Vibrations Of the interior.
I'D to the middle Of November very little
chang. was to BE- seen in the general Ice pack,
although some open channels were met with
and one OF the / inns To the east OF Cape Adare,
principally for the purpose Of studying the Ice
conditions. The channels, however, closed
again, and il was not until the end Of November
that aly noticeable change took place in the
ice rack. Immense numbers of birds were
magnificent collection Of eggs was made. The
small party, after it, long detention, now began
20 look forward to the return of the southern
Cross. Preparations made for taking obser-
vatiOns OF the total eclipse Of Dec. 3 were rem
drred useless by tn, day being overcast.
The last sledge expedition started on Dec. 10,
mainly for the purpose II collecting eggs. The
by DR.. Kloostad, who found among the MOSES
on Uoikic Land n number Of insects Of three
distinct types, of which on his return to Camp
Ridley he made some excellent microscopic