Arizona republican., 1900-08-25

thousands of them are being taken out. Although fragments of greater size have been found, thise recently dis c5Verld are comparatively small none being larger than fourteen inches in length. There has also been found an other species, which looks like the mod ern sword fish,"
 Were they like modern fish?' the visitor asked. Prof. Smith smiled and replied:
 Unlike modern fish they possessed no interior vertebral skeleton: in oth- CT words. they had no bones. They were, however encased in an armOr of bony plates, synetricaily arranged, like fish scales, but were unlike them, as the pieces of plate interlOcked in one another and yet permitted great feXibility of the body. The ganoids developed from an unvertebrated spe- cies allied to the modern crab and lob ster. They possessed both lungs and gills. Dissimilar to modern fish the tail was unsymmetrical, one half being larger than the other half, the body extending into the larger portion of the caudal fin.
 They lived during the latter part
 
 placed at 4.OOO,OOO years ago. At that time the entire state or New Jersey, except a strip of highlands in the north ern part, was submerged under the At lantic, and the southern Atlantic states were all under water.
 The scales of the ganoids Were bright and shining, but there is no ev- idence of their original color. A few imperfect specimens have been found in Durham, Conn.,, and in South Caro- lima, places which bordered on the sea in those times. At that time this re- zion was a place of great volcanic ac- uvity. Great quantities of black lava flowed forth from the earth and rolled down into the sea, forming the pali- sades of New Jersey, and the Orange mountains. When a stream of molten lava poured down on the ocean beach it gathered up the pebbles and formed what is known as puddingstone or con- glomerate rock. A layer of this con gloml rate is found in the shades which contain the fish, thus proving that this particular region was then in a state of volcanic activity. | is highly prob able that this was d time of mighty earthquakes. and huge, high rolling sea W SiN SS SiGNblIlpdllltu lH6Se ear Almost all the specimens taken out show unmistakable evidence of having died a violent death. The fins are wide ly distended and the bodies are twisted in every possible form as if the fish had died in great agony"
 A large layer of shale about 90 by 100 feet which has been found carefully uncovered, shows on it's surface the tracks of gigantic birds which at that time stalked across the shallow mud flats in this regi5n. The markings are three-toed and of about the size of a mans hand. From the fact that the right and left foot prints are about three feet apart the huge size of this bird can be readily inferred. The slab of rock is crossed and recrOssed in ev- =ry direction with the tracks of these birds, which evidently walked leisurely about, as the equal spaces between the footprints attest.
 Prof. Smith was born in Pittsburg 5n August G. 1873. He obtained his larly education in his native city and was graduated with the highest honOrS from the Pittsburg Central High school. He entered Cornell in the class of '9j, Ob- taining several scholarships for his work in mathematics. Later he took d three years graduate course, de- voting his studies principally to geolo- BY and physics.-New York Tribune.