The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1900-03-11

Of the trunk and II the limbs; on the leg with
poorly developed cali, and the foot with a promi.
nent heel, which are observed among certain no
Cr'es, but no, among all; or on the more or less
d~iverging big toe. which is remarked among
the majority Of the peoples ot India, Undo China
and the insular world dependent upon Asia. from
I Sumara 10 Japan, The breasts Of women pre-
sen, certain ethnic variations Of form. It IL cs-
peCially among negresses that We NEE, with
conical and pyriform mamma and digitiform
nipples. while mimmr shaped like the segment
Of a sphere predominant among Monaghan women
and among European women Of the fair race
Women Of the southeast of Europe, and Of hither
ASIA have. for the most part, hcmispherical breasts.
II We pass 10 physiological characters. we
find comparatively few by which races may Iva
distinguished. The activity Of transformation
In the system presents differences according
toclimate but not according TO race. Thus the
all mental supplyis conditioned solely by the heat
required The temperature of the body hardly
vares Two or three tenuhs Of a degree among
peoples so different rs regards both ethno-
logical type and mode Of life as are the French
Of the north and the Fuegians. Among negroes
the temperature appears 20 he a little lower than
that ot Europeans Frequency Of respiration
seems 10 he greater among unCvilized peoples
than with the inhabitants u Europe. For the
circulation Of the blood there are a few scattered
data. The pulse ~ the sam among the Iur-
glans and the karantChi Of Chinese TurkeStan.
az among Europeans. 1t is a little faster among
the whites and the negroes Of The United States
and much faster among the red Indians OF America
than among the khirshiZ The number Of red
g,obuleS In the blood yanes but little according
70 race Europeans have. on an average. five
millions Of them 10 the cubic %millimetre, llinduS
and negroes half a million less. The difference
seems insignihcan, when Wa call to mind that
the number Of these consu tuents Of the blood
may vary by a million I'm thu same subject, nc.
cordiHg 10 the state Of his health or Of his NUN
ton. Certain travellers have asserted ha, they
could recognize a population by It's odor, and
the authur II this book comedies that some ethnic
groups, and more particularly the negroes and
the Chinese, have their specific smell. which gets
fainter with scrupulous cleanliness. but never
disappears. In the vase Of the negro, the odor is due
princi pally to the abundance Of the secretion from
his very ~voluminOus and numerous sebaceous
glands TWAS on this property that the planters re-
lied for putting their dogs on he scent Of fugitive
blacks The odor Il musk eyhaled by the Chinese
is attested by a great amount Of evidence. the
specific smell Of the Australians and New Caledo-
mans, also, seems to he duly authenticated
In the chapter on physiological characters
our author has occasion 10 discuss the in
fucncr Of environment upon race. and in conncc
ton with this topic he is lei 10 consider the adapt
ability Of the white races To the tropics. We
l-All a., e, 49,, a.. IT., q .., 49,. -.
has been greatly exaggerated. Negroes ar, not
black because they inhahit tropical countries,
seeing that tn" indians Of South America, whpIive
in the same latitudcs, are yellow; Notwe-iaus
and Great Russians, who are fair anil tail, live
side by side with the Laplanders anl The Samuyels
who are dark and II very low Statlr'. II has
been frequently alleged that the Jews who emf
grated 10 India after the destruction of Jerusalem
by Titus became as black as the indigcnuu,
Tamils among whom they lived. This is So far
from being true that. In India, the name Of white
Jews is given 10 the descendants Of true Jews
twho really are white) 10 disting uish them from
the Black Jews" or Tnmils, con verted 10 Juda
ism. The assertion was reproduced by Darwin,
and has since been often repeated, that the Wur-
tpmburgers Of blond type who emigrated 10 the
Caucasus in 1915 had become black. As a mat
ter Of fact. they are az fair as their compa-
riots who have remained IN Germany. The
question whether every race of mankind can live
and reproduce itaelf, or, In other words. become
acclimatized, on any point Of the globe, can only
I've resolved when systematic observations have
been undertaken by each race and pursued during
several generations. At present there are no
exact data on this subject, except for the white
race, and, In some measure. for the negroes.
without reckoning peoples admitted 10 he cos
mopolitan, like the Jews and the Gypsies. our
author deems II certain that the majority Of Euro
pean peoples can. as a race, get acclimatized In
the most diverse regions, as the English and
French have done in Canada, the Portuguese and
Germans in Brazil, the Spaniards In Mexico,
Central America and the greater part Of South
America, the English In Australia md the lol-
landers in South Africa, The alleged failures
Of acclimatization have taken place in countries
where there has never been any systematic Eu-
ropean colonization. as In India and In Java;
even In those countries, II IL known that there
have been isolated cases OF the collective accli-
ma,ization Of several families.
According to Clements, Markham and Elises
ReClus, the Fnglishmnn, not only a. an individ.
ual, but AZ a race, Is able TO live in the ~Cisgangetic
peninsula Many generations Of EngIiShmen
have fourshcd in various parts Of India, Num-
erous examples could be cited Of children being
accli ma,ized without detnment u ther health
~ strength. According to Francis Gallon, the
mortality in 1877 q European soldiers in India,
az ! per 1000 was less than that Of native sol
diers O3 y and much less than that Of Hindus
in general, which Is -. In the Dutch Indies,
Dutrhmen have kept themselves in health for
several generations. AS ~ the fertility Of aCcli-
maun d families. this has been established out
side Of LIBERALIZATION. II has been possible 10
trace back certain English families in Barbados
for six generations As much may he said II
the French in tho Islands II Nautilus and Re
union. In the Brazilian province Of Rio Grande
d. Sui, that is in a sub-tropical region, IL has
been ascertalned that there are three or four gen
cratlons 81 German coioniStS who's children enjoy
very good health. In Mataheleland. which -
almost tropical, there are already two or three
generations Of Dutch When IT IL said Of certain
regions that they are not colunizable by Euro.
psans il is merely implied that the sacrifice Of
life en,ailed by decentralization Is out Of proportion
70 the advantages 10 be gained BY colonization.