davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1900-11-10
16odJ SoaJab0,iM

;l.E;i q D
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1900-02-07
A Boom In CourtshIp.

Talking of mercenary marriages,
oye-making has been going on SO
briskly in the Choctaw nation, that
nearly six thousand white men have
won Choctaw brides, and the land
and money that accompany them.
The Choctaw girls are rather pretty
and some are highly educated.
Those who are not fullbloods refuse to
marry Indians, hence there is great
demand for whites. Choctaw girls
marry at the age of seventeen. Be-
cause of the five hundred and fifty
acres of land (equal amount being
given to their husbands) no trouble is
experienced in finding a suitable COM
panion. Their complexion is clear
white. AS rule, the eyes and hair
are black, although some are perfect
blondes. They are of a kind and low
ing disposition, and are said by the
white men who have tried it to make
excellent wives. To avoid trnmps
and degenerates marrying these girls,
the Choctaw laws provide that all
white men, before they can be admit
ted to the tribe, must produce recon-
mendation of good character from the
county Judge of the county where
they last resided. Waverley Maga-
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1900-02-07
Rest Snakes Come From India.

Snakes and birds form large part
of the animal importers business.
These creatures come in great numbers
from India, Africa and South Amer
lea. The public Is peculiarly fascinated
by snakes, and they are among the
most popular creatures exhibited. The
best specimens of reptiles come from
India, and snake twenty feet or more
in length is worth considerable money.
In q cage it is the size of the snake
more than its venomous qualities that
attract, and a large boa constructor or
python is worth more than rattle
snake Of smaller size.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1900-02-07
Slang of ,h. English Smart Set.
Never slE:y3J:lIifg5@

/ have spoken before Of the craze
there Is among certain section Of
so-called smart society in England for
the use Of slang that practically be-
comes language all to itself. We have
the thieves language, and the Romany
dialect, and various other methods Of
deforming the English tongue. But
surely the society slang" Is the worst
of the lot. 1 was given the other day
n list Of words that are quite new to
me. All persons like the butcher. or
your cook, or your coachman, or the
milkman, are "gemptcs" and "ladoes." !"
linus the dustman Is the "dust-dcmp-
tic" the butcher the "meat-demptic," "
beggar "beggar-ladoe7 or beg
gar-gemptic," while the postman Is
known as the 'postie.' A policeman,
for no very obvious reason, is called
the "peacenan," q brougham is q
cart and horses are Of course "gee-
gees" A piano is ''pranne." Medi-
cine is "mettic." and when you SO to
bed you 60 to ''bee." No one who uses
the society slang ever thinks Of speak
ing of Kensington. They say "Kensie." j"
while Belgrave Square and Belgravia
generally are called "Belgy."-Chicago
Times Herald
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1900-02-07
brackish. These middleveldt pans,

tbrackish. These middleveldt pans,
ARE numerous in Bloemfontein, ia
Ecobsdal, Faursmith and Boshof dis
ttricts. One of these depressions, the
lHagans-P Pan, is worked by large salt
company, which exports its product
Ito johannesburg. This salt, ac-
tcording to Professor Hahn's analysis,
Ills the best in the world. The pan
from which it is taken is about two
Dmiles across. 1t is located about 26
Emiies from Bloemfontein. The salt
from it is made after this fashion: A
trench eight or ten feet deep is made
! in the pan. The brine percolates into
Bthis trench from which it is suisse
qaently pumped up on huge buck
Tor tent rails. Here the water evapor-
5ates and the salt sediment is left de-
posted on the soil surface.
While the rivers of the Orange Free
|:State are not navigable, they are we'll
Estocked with fish, some of which are
peculiar to them. The barber (Clari-
us capensis) is only found in the Or
ange river and its tributaries. This
fish is as long as seven feet 1t has
very few bones and no scales. The
barber has large and ungainly head
with eight cirri-feelers on the lower
Zip. The yellow fish is found in all
Isthe Free State waters. 1t sometimes
weighs as much as twenty pounds.
Among the more important of the
other fish are the whitefsh, calves
head and the undermouth. The igu-
ana aud the river turtle also abound.
The Free State is not notable for
fierce or dangerous wild animals. The
chief animals are antelopes, wilde
bests, olesboks, auteaters, wildcats,
smiercats, porcupines, hedgehogs,
|iackals, hyenas, wild dogs (the last
three being almost extinct, and ar
madillos.
The Orange Free State has a sort
of Maine liquor law. 1t was passed
in 1889. This statute absolutely pro-
thibits the sale of alcoholic spirits OF
any kind to the tribesmen and to peo-
pie of color generally. Itprevents its
sale to anyone exceptin towns. There
is no license granted for the sale ol
strong drink outside of municlpali.
ties
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1900-02-07
!. Effects of War on Game.

I heard two South African sports
men discussing tIa other day the pos
siple effects campaign spread over a
large area might have on the dwi9-
ding big game of that region. The con-
clusion they arrived at was that the
game had already receded beyond the
possible sphere of influence Of such
operations. At the same time war has
before now had strange and far reach
ing effects on the distribution of local
fauna, as for instance, when the can
nonading in1S70-'71 drove great bus
tards across the seas and into our
eastern counties in numbers unprece.
dented since that magnificent bird
forsook this island for good and all
many years ago.--London Leader.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1900-02-07
New York city.s Fine Morrue

New York undoubtedly possesses
the finest morgue in the world. 1t
was built two years ago. nd has o
capacity of 125 bodies, which a"e kept
in cold storage. The bodies ure not
made q grewsome exhibition as il
Paris, and the room in which they are
kept is not more repulsive in appear.
ance than safe deposit vault. There
are from twenty to fifty arrivals day,
and in 1898. 1922 bodies passed
through the morgue. The bodies ot
unclaimed persons are photographed
and their clothing is preserved for
period of six months.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1900-02-07
Rivals in Arms.

Four of the FIVE most prominent
figures in the Transvaal at present
Kruger. Joubert, Schalk Burger and
Kotze-must be accounted rivals rath-
or than friends. Paul Kruger is Pres
ident and Gen. Joubert would like to
be. The latter came desperately near
success in the elections ur 1893. There
were three candidates in the field
Kruger. Joubert and Kotzc. The last
named had no chance, and only polled
16 votes, but between the other pair
it was a neck-and-neck race, and Mr..
Kruger only won by S12 out OF total
of nearly $4,000, the actual figures be-
ing: Kruger, 1881; Joubert, 1908. By
the time the elections came on again
last wear the situation had altered
greatly, and Mr.. Kruger was hot fn-
yorite. There were again three con-
estants, and the General came out
last, result being: Kruger, l2,s5S;
schalk Burger, 1888; Joubert, 2,eol.-
Golfers Weekly.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1900-02-07
Is the KIoudlke Growing Warmer

Prospectic visitors and gold seekers
In the Klondike region may extract
some comfort from the discovery,
made by the Hartman Alaska expedi-
ton, that most Of the glaciers which
abound in that territory are receding.
The fact is an indication that the aver
age weather there is growing warner.
If it were growing colder the glaciers
would be advancing; while If 1t were
about the same one year with another
they would maintain the same. general
position, neither creeping nearer to the
sea nor melting away from their ter
minal moraines. The rate Of glacial
recession is so slow, however, that fur
overcoats and Wa I'm sleeping bags are
likely to remain as 4 part Of the nec-
essary equipment Of Alaskan travel for
some years to come. Nothing, 1t may
be added, is slower than the movement
of q glacier except the settlement Of
the Alaskan boundary dlspute.-l.es.
lies Weekly.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1900-02-07
Elephants Tobocean Slide.


'sIn India, where I was cornet
of her majesty's hussars, I gave good
deal of attention to elephants" said
Murray Garde, salesman of automo-
biles the other night to Philadelphia
Record writer. "What particularly
interested me was the bold, original
method nm elephant has of getting
down hill when the gradient is too
steep for walking. He sits calmly
down on his hinderlands, you know,
pushes off, and-bzz, bzz-he's at the
bottom. 1t hurts, though-the fric-
tion, the inequalities Of tue descent,
the tenderness of the hide, don't you
know.
''But I only speak Of this because
the bears of your country remind me
of it. The bears of Utah and Wyoming
are the cleYerest wild animals have
ever seen. They, too, slide down the
precipices and the mountains, but
they are more tender of themselves
than the elephants. They cut bark
from a tree with their teeth and claws
in strips big enough to be sat upon
comfortably, and on these toboggans
they coast down the sleeps of their
wild country without any evil effects.
A strange sight it is, I tell you"
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1900-02-07
PEARLS :. OF THOUGHT.
children are born; men are made.

CnllQren are pOfA, m6u aIo maue.
Homeless boys make lawless men.
To be always bold, is not always to
be brave.
The higher you sit. the better you
can drive.
A good boy is worth far more than
bad man.
The home is the headquarters of the
Irmanities.
Faith is the souls ballast in the
storm of fear.
A golden chain may chafe as badly
as an iron one.
Sacrifice in the home, sends the in
cense of JOY through the house.
The shingles you are going to buy
are not keeping you dry today.
Some people continue to be often
sive, even when conferring favors.
A mans prosperity can only be
measured by its effects on his heart.
The memory of yesterday will often
furnish the best prophecy of tomorrow.
The measure of mans goodness is
not the i'll he avoids, but the good he
does.
The prizes men pursue, are often
but the bubbles blown by their own
breath.
The value of the artificial light is
dependent on the vanishing of the
sunligh.
In the mathematics of souls, you
can never be sure how many two, and
two may make.
When you hear most noise about
religion, you may remember that the
propeller is not heard save when it
churns out Of the er.-Ram's Horn.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1900-02-07
Catarrh Cannot be Cured

With local applications, as they cannot reach
constitutional disease. and in order to cure
it you must take internal remedies. Halls
Catarrh Cure Is taken internally, and acts di-
rectly on the blood and mucous surface. Halls
prescribed by one Of the best physicians in
this country tor years. and is a regular pre-
scription. 1t ;s com posed OF the hest tonics
known. mbined with the best blood purifiers.
acting directly on tho mucous surfaces. The
perfect combination of the twoingreGientsi is
what produces such wonderful results in cur
ing catarrh. Send for testimonials. free.
F.J. CHENEY & Co.. Props, Toledo, 0.
Sold by Druggists. price T5c.
Halls Family Pills are the best.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1900-02-07
Government Printing once.

The new government printing office
will cost about 1000, 900, and it is
said that even after its completion it
viii not be large enough to meet the
demands upon it. The new building
will be eight stories in height and its
floor space will be about nine acres.
The floors will sustain a load of 3d.
600, 900 pounds.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1900-02-07

France is absolutely dependent upon Eng
land for news OF tho Transvaal war, because
the cables are under her control, and she is
ready to spend q vast sum OF money to free
herself This is like many people, who, alter
allowing dyspepsia to settle upon them, spend
fortune seeking deliverance. Save your
money and try HOstetter's Stomach Bitters,
The medicine which never fails to cure dys-
pepsia, constipation, biltousness, malaria,
fever and aguc
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1900-02-07
Beauty is Blood Decp.

Clet.n blood means clean skin. Nc
beauty without it. Cascarets, Candy Cnthar.
tic clean your blood and keep it clean, by
stirring up the lazy liver and driving all i'm.
purities from the body. Begin to-day to
Danish pimples, boils. blotches, blackheads
and that sickly bilious complexion by taking
Cascarets, s,--benuty for ten cents. All drug.
Gists, satisfaction guaranteed, 10c, 25c, Soc
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1900-02-07

Cont tobacco Spit and Smoke Your Lie Away.
To quit tobacco easily and forever, DO mag
netic, full OF life, nerve and vigor, take No-To-
Bac, the wonder-worker, that makes weak men
strong. All druggists, Soc or 81. Cure guaran-
iced. Booklet and sample free. Address
Sterling Remedy Co., Chicago or New York.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1900-02-07
Al,raYa on Hand.

"Witness, we're you the first person
to arrive at the scene of the riot?"
.sNo; yer honor, there were woman
with q baby buggy got there afore
me.',--lndianapolis Journal.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1900-02-07
Wasted,

.Don'tkeep tellin' POI folks how sorry you
is you can't help EN-" Uncle Eben. "Dey
has too much trouble Of der own. to stop an
sympathize wild ou.n--W Washington Star.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1900-02-07
-, --.-----
s Refrigeration Up to Date.

An entirely new method of domestic
refrigeration Is shown among the ex-
hibits at the National Export E1posi-
tion. Instead of delivering blocks OF
Ice to put into house refrigerators, the
company having the exhibit delivers
galvanized sheet iron can filled with
water and sealed up. The water Is
frozen when delivered, and the COM
pany replaces 1t with q similar can
the next day, taking away the first one
to be refrozen. The advantage claimed
is that the ice melts more slowly, and
that the ice water, which Is retained,
instead of running away as soon as
melted, remains to keep the refrigera-
tor cool. For ice pitchers small nick
ell plated balls or shells, like eggs, are
filed with water and frozen in like
manner and kept In the refrigerator
until wanted for use. One advantage
claimed is that the refrigerator is kept
dry at all times. The moist air quickly
condenses it's moisture on the surface
of the cans.-Philadelphia Exposition
P,11lotin
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1900-02-07

TOMMY bought this dog to make money
out of him.
His Sisters Beau-How's that?
TOMMY expect you to give me ten cents
for tying him up ever time you come to see
sister. He's awful savage.-Ohio State Jour-
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1900-02-07
"a Miss IS As
Good as a Nile. "

IF you are not entirely eucA, you are Ill.
illness does not mean deaths door. 1t is
\ sense of qveariness, tired feeling a
life filled qDith nameless pains and suffer-
ina. in 9G% of cases the blood is TO blame.
Hoods Sarsaparha is Natures correafue
for disorders of the Blood. Remember
16odJ SoaJab0dM
-c6CIT1:7V7.ys3aYY.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1900-02-07

VITALITY low, dcbilitated or exhausted cured
by DR.. Klines Invigo-atIng Tonic FREE 81
trial bottle for 9 weeks treatment. DR.. Kline,
Id. .031 Arch ST., Philadelphia Founded 1871.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1900-02-07

There is no genins in life like the genius of
energy and activity.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1900-02-07

Mrs. Winslow's Soothing Syrup for children
teething, softens the gums, reduces infamma-
tion allays pain, cures wind collie. 2oc. bottle.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1900-02-07

We have not been without Piso's Cure for
Consumption for 90 years.-LIzzIE FERREL,
Camp St., Harrisburg, Pa. May 1, 1884,
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1900-02-07
A Youthful Scbemer.

Thirty minutes Is all the time required to
dye with PUTNAM FADELEss DIES. Sold by
all DRUGGISTS
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1900-02-07
A Man of Breeding.

She-You are tho most exasperatlng man
on earth. Here scold you for hale sn hour.
He-I never use strong language in the
presence of lady.-lndianapolis Journal.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1900-02-07

To Cure Constipation Forever.
Take Cascarets Candy Catharttc. 1Oc or 9'c.
II Q. T.. e. fail 10 cure, druggistsr refund money.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1900-02-07

In Westminster Abbey lib bodies hav'
been buried.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1900-02-07

Give ME health and day. and Twill make
ridiculous tho pomp of emperors.-Emerson
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1900-02-07
Getting Up Socially.

"She Is certainly rislng IN inc socIHI scaIe.,
"Yes."
"O'. yes. indeed! She if snubbed by bet
ter class of people each succeeding year.
Detroit journal.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1900-02-07

Educate Your Bowels With Cascarots.
Candy Cathartic, cure constipation foreye
1Cc. s5c. II c. c. {. fail, druggists refund none
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1900-02-07
Her Definition.

He-What is fiirtation7
She-Attention without intention.-Chicago
NeHR
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1900-02-07

How Arc Your Kidneyse
Dr.. Hobbs sparagus Pills cure MI kidney Ills Sam.
pie free. Add Sterling Remedy Co., Chicago or n z.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1900-02-07

was for eight years from that most distressing OF
all diseases Eczema of the best physicians in the
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1900-02-07
MILLIONS OF MOTHERS


the skin which purify and beaaay
and ua9ns cued itching @
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1900-02-07

Hands and Limbs Covered with Blisters and
Great Red Blotches. Scratched Until Almost
Wild. Burned Like Fire. Sleep Impossible
CUTIcURA Remedies Bring Speedy Relief
and a Permanent Cure at Cost of Only 81.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1900-03-16
Guildhall.

County Court finished up its business
and adjourned last Saturday morning.
Ernest Harris had his foot iammed
Thursday OF last week while driving
team for Frank Hall
Cape Horn Grange holds a regular
meeting Friday evening OF this week.
Rufus X. Poole is recovering from his
sickness.
Mrs. Hattie Nelson of Concord, Rob-
ert Pike of Waterford and George y.
Pike of West Stewartstown, y. H., We're
visiting at Rufus X. Poole's last week.
At the annual town meeting the fol
lowing officers were elected; Clerk and
Treasurer-Robert Chase. Selectmen--
James Morse, Charles Hill, Bella Wealth
erspoon. Overseer of the poor-W. W.
Fitch. Constable and collaboration.
B. Stevens. Listers-George \. Hub
bard, lloyt Marshall, Nelson Call. Fence
Viewers-Alson Gray, Frank Matthews.
Road commissioner-Napoleon Hardy.
Auditors-Geo. A. Hubbard, Charles
Shoif. Pound keepers-Nelson Call,
Geo. +. Fellows. Town agent--Frank
Hall. School director for three years
Fred l.. Follanshy, to fill an unexpired
term. Amasa Carleton.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1900-03-16
Colebrook, n. n.

The youngest child of Mr.. and Mrs.
). Il. Ramsay is very sick.
Charles French accompanied Rev. W.
I. Carter to his appointment at Stew.
artstown last Sunday afternoon.
John Spencer is able to be out again :;
also Mrs. j. ID. Annis who has been very
i'll during the past two weeks.
Mrs. Addison Frizaell has been very
i'll the past three weeks.
The infant daughter of Mr.. and Mrs
Edward Scott died last week.
Fred Stevens recently purchased the
Coates house on Pleasant street After
repairing and furnishing it ready for oc.
cupancy, Rev. W. +. Carter and few
friends were invited in, March :, to wit.
ness the marriage OF this sensible and
industrious young man with Miss Flora
Powers, very estimable Young lady
who is we'll known in town. The Young
couple have the good wishes and hearty
congratulations of many friends.
Mr.. Elliott has taken for one wear
VIM. Mackey's farm, about Il mile from
the village.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1900-03-16
East Charleston.

The Dramatic Club will present the
PLAY "Uncle Ruhe" in Nestry hall Fri.
day evening, March l6. One-halt OF the
proceeds to pay for singing school and
the remainder to buy chairs for the
vestry.
Mrs. Lottie lde OF Boston, who was
called here recently by the illness Of her
mother, Mrs. Bouton. has returned to
her home,
ii. J. Hudson has gone to Rutland to
visit his sister.
Mrs. Andrew Cloud is quite i'll.
The Ladies Aid will meet at the par
! sonage "Wednesday March 2l. Dinner
will he served in the League room.
Mrs. G. O. Goodwin has returned from
Boston.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1900-03-16
AMONG OUR NElGhBORS
Bloomfield.

There was large turn out at the
STAFFORD, y. H.. annual March meeting
last Tuesday. We noticed that the
moral rclormcrs (3 did not show up
worth cent. Henry Kimhall, Charles
Z. Clark and Edward Fuller We're
reelected 10y nearly an unanimous vote.
j. c. Hutchins was elected school direc
Tor.
To accommodate lodge members
prayer meeting evening has been changed
from Thursday to Wednesday evening.
Frank Anderson Of Granny made a
flying visit in town Monday.
The W. {. +. L. met with Mrs. }. ii.
Dautorth last Tuesday afternoon.
Mr.. and Mrs. Joseph Lombard, who
have been spending the winter with
their daughter in Rumford Falls, Me-, re-
turned home last Friday evening.
NJ. {. Fuller was in Lexington and
Colebrook last week.
Mrs. r. II. Mayo of Stewartstown, y
H., who has been sick at the home OF
her daughter in Coos is improving
Willie Walling recently went to Wis
cousin.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1900-03-16

The dramatic performance at the
opera house last Friday evening attrac-
ted large audience, and il "time is
money" those attending had the worth
OF their money for it was nearly mid
night ere the curtain went down on the
final act The play was good, but lit
tie more vim on the part of the actors
would have been decided improvement.
A social dance followed the entertain :
ment, participated in by some twenty
couples.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1900-03-16

Col. ?. II. Dale and Mr.. John W.
Thurston went to Montreal last Friday
night TO arrange with the management
of the Grand Trunk Railway System re-
garding the purchase of lands required
here by the Railway Company III the
prosecution of their work at this point.
Nessrs Dale and Thurston were very
successful in their errand, and returned
home Saturday night Monday agents
of the Company came here to purchase
the property, deeds for the transferring
of the same to the Company have been
prepared by Gov. Dale, and he by tele-
gram from headquarters has been III
structed to close the matter this week
In all about $4,000 worth Of property
will be so transferred.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1900-03-16

The funeral of Mr.. q. {. Huntington.
who died on the 10th inst. occurred from
his late home la>i Monday morning, con
Quoted 10y Rev. T.. j. Gale. pastor of the
NJ. T.. Church. Mr.. Huntington having
been mrmher OF this Church since its
organization in this place His family
are very grateful for the kindly aid ex-
tended and sympathy manifested. \
brief tribute to the memory OF the de-
ceased. furnished hy friend. is given
elsewhere IN this issue.