davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1900-08-25
A IhInese Mode of Revenge.

Frequently 4 person in China
avcnges himself by dcfacing a pre-
sumcd tomb of his rival, or some tree
connected with the spot. This effect
ually breaks the luck of that person or
family. A man convicted of attempt
ing to break fung-shway is severely
punished, as it Is one Of the gravcst
crimes Of which person can be ac-
cusCd.
lung -shwuy keeps many a corpse
from being buried for years, and the
whole family in perpetual whirlpool.
Tho place of honor is on the left side
OF the tomb, and Is intended for the
first son, the nearest place on the right
is for the second son, and so on. Now
the position on the left may not be so
prOpiiOuS as the one on the right, and
so there is perpetual quarrels between
the two sons as to which each Shall
occupy. One is rs DESTROYS Of sccur-
ing certain place as another is OPP
posed TO 1t. One person may Insist on
having the burial postponed for a GER
tain period because the year of the
Chinese seXagenary cycle conflicts
with his horoscope. Sometimes the
burial does not take place for the rca.
son that that particular year is one in
which it would not be advisable to
build tomb fronting in certain di-
rcction. there is no trouble in keep
ing the corpse unburicd for an indcfi-
mite period, as 1t is safely slowed away
in an Theoretically sealed coffin.
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1900-08-25
A Peculiar Fish.

Shooting and Fishing is responsible
for the following story:
There was a man once who believed
habit governed everything, and so one
day when he caught fish he thought
he would make an experiment to prove
his theory. lie put the fish in tub of
water, and every day he would go
there and put in n spadeful of dirt,
making the fish less and less accus.
toned to its native element. Finally
the tub was full of dirt but by that
time the fish was so accustomed to dirt
that it was not only still alive, but very
vigorous. BY and by the fish had got
so in the habit of being out Of water
that it spent its time Hopping around
the yard and about the house and slept
in box on the porch. 1t grew very
fond of its master, and when he went
out would follow him, Hopping along
the street and attracting cverybody's
attention. The fish followed him so
much that the man began to get tired
of it, and tied the fish up at the house
to keep it from Hopping along behind
him. One day he started out from
home and had gone good ways when
he heard the fish Hopping behind him.
At last he came to creek over which
was foot log, and the fish Topped
upon It and started over When 1t got
middleways it Topped overheard, and
was drowned.
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1900-08-25
y 9ezn
We azsS
ain

"s ara q school teacher;
have suffered agony
monthly for ten years.
MY nervous system,
was a Ws'eoks = suffered
wfffa pain Ess ss,y SIDE sssses
had almost every i'll
Known. Trad taken treat
s,ssssf fr'osss n number of
physicians who gave mo
no s'alSef,
"One specialist saSa no
s1seasi8isse could heEs me,
4 must submit TO an
operation
I" wrote to Ms,s. Fink
ham, stating sssy case, sassaf
received q s,s'0sa1ysf s'sHiy.
4 took Lydia e Pisskfs,asss's
Vegetable Compound anu
followed Dire aSvsce givon
me aSsH now { suffer no
sss0res IF any one cares
to Know sss0s'e about my
case, 3 will cbeerfuAIy
answer an sesfers.''-
MISS EDNA EIkES, HiH-
csfnsss0sss, Chic,
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1900-08-25
A Domestic Coach.

He was riding on the elevated on his
way from his home in Oak Park to his
office in the city when he remarked &
a friend:
81 am going to an intelligence Office t.
look up a tutor
"You will hardly find one there"
answered his friend, "you should go
to a teachers bureau. Boy home from
college that you need tutor!'
"No, it's girl"
"But l never knew you had n
daughter?
81 haven't. This is a young woman
employed in our domestic department
for whom we need tutor"
"You don't mean the hired girl?"
"H-s-sh! Somebody might hear you
and think you had lived in the dark
ages when such anomalies existed.
-the-young lady is highly accom-
plished, keeps her own bicycle, plays
the mandolin and sings in two Ian
guagcs. But her domestic education
has been neglected. and must find Il
tutor who will coach her in making
bread and give her a course in washing
dishes"
But can you afford all that and the
girl too?'
Eyes, the firm very kindly raised
my salary when they heard we had en-
gagged hclp."--Washington Star.
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1900-08-25
THE HORSE IN BATTLE.
How Those That Are Killed Are Dis
posed or.

The thousands OF horses killed In
every important battle lave to be dis
posed of; they are either buried or
burned, according to the climate, says
n writer in Parsons Magazine, IN
South Africa burial Is always resortcd
to, but in some of the northern parts
of India the carcasses are left where
they fall, and in less than eight hours
aftcrward are picked clean by the vul.
lures. This is by far the best way
from unitarian point of vlew,for the
bones may aftcrward be collected ant
ground down for manure. The inter-
mcnt of slaughtered animals Is always
left to the burial parties, and can
scarcely be said to be any part of the
veterinary surgeons duties.
In n cavalry charge, especially when
the firing is mt long range, 1t Is practi'
cally impossible for the enemy to aim
Mt so small figure rs n human being
with any certain chance of hitting him.
and so, the horse presenting the larger
target, the list of casualties among
horses UllutE llltsc tiltuIiS'th'tS 10
naturally greater than among men go
At Talavera 300 horses We're killed
and 24O men, while at the famous
charge of the Light Brigade ut Bala-
klava the losses among horses were
800 and among mon $50.
The horse is more liable to suffer
from hunger and want of rest
than a man, and consequently we find
that in all protractcd wars the loss in
horses from disease is terribly heavy.
In Napoleon's campaign across the
Nicmcn out of G00O0 horses no fewer
than $4,000 succumbcd in six months.
At the siege OF Plcvna the Russians
lost over thirty per cent, OF th'ii
drnught animals, and in the Egyptian
war of 1882 hnlf the English horses
were disabled, of which GOO died from
sickness and only sixty Oh the field Of
bottlp
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1900-08-25
Virtues OF Sits.

Shepherds in the south OF France
have long been noted for tilrlr us" oi
stills In their occupation. The peasant
of the "LanDes" with pair Of Stll''
securely fastened to his legs, standing
frequently NOR" than six feet from Tue
ground will move about with Erch'
rapldity. I,rcoutly the military value
of these stiit4 has been recognized,
After SDmc drill on these nrtiii"ln'
supports. French infantry were able
to move very rapidly and lay telc'
graph lin" guickcr than can he done
hy soldiers ON hDrsrbacii. Once the
men acquired tl2 art of walking SS
feet above the Ground they were able
to employ their hands rs people or
diunrly do IA walking ana covering
the ground in giant strides soon nc
complisl,d n distance which would re-
uuirr much longer time on FOOT. Tht
ADVANTAGE Of these stills IN military
operations having been demonstrated
in France, ii is probable other nations
may also apply III" novel idea. The
utility of this apparatus IN crossing
rivers or in mHrshy lands Is Obvious
and ii might not be II bad idea FOR the
American army in the Philippines to
take to the "stilt drill
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1900-08-25

Our lcn, in rorrt spcndcnt has been
informed by rviinhie Chinese tliend
that II decree has just come down from
Pckin, saying that in the coming
literary examinations essay writer's
must refrain from using certain
characters. AmGng those thus pro
scribcd are the characters used as the
Chinese equivalents o! England, Rus
siu, France. Italy, America aud Japan,
rcspcct;v yy. No essay with any o!
these ,|luinctcra in it will b.
received. This locks ns though
the authorities in p"l;in were taking
n new mrthod 10 display their hatred
of the forcigncr.-Nolth China Daily
NnWS
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1900-08-25

A new canvas boat for sportSmen's
use is treated with waterproof
composition to fill the pores Of the
threads, to preserve the cloth anil keep
it soft and pliable. The gunwalcs are
made of sccond-growth ash. The rods
are scyen-cighths of an inch in diane
ter, joined with brass ferru!cs, the out
side ones of unusual strength and
thickness. The ribs and crOss-bars are
of ash. the braces Of steel with all
metal parts timed. Tit bottom Is of
pine or California redwood, which Is
joined with tight galvanized steel
joints, and stif'encd by bars that are
held in place by mallcable iron staples.
The bottom is made up of Il central
board to which wings are hinged on
either side, which fold under in pack.
ing. The ribs are folded down close on
the bottom, to which they are perma-
ncntly attached. The point is made
that there are no loose pieces except
in the gun alcs, so that nothing can
be left behind when the boat reaches
the water. The canvas entirely COW
ers the framcw work, and is formed with
out seams. 1t is fastened to the gun
wales by rdwhide straps tanned In oil,
furnished with timed buckles. This
mode of fastening takes up all the
slack canvas. The bottom Of the can
vas ends of the boat is protected with
brass shields to prevent tie wear of
the canvas by gravel in landing. The
boat en- be set up in five minutes.
When folded 1t occupies eight by thir-
teen inches of floor space and is forty
four inches high. The boat has great
carrying capacity and is Of extremely
light draft. Its solid bottom affords n
firm footing for casting aud shooting.
The boat is unsuitable.
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1900-08-25

What was said to be the smallest
dog in America died recently In Chi
cngo. 1t was Il Yorkshire terliernamcd
Cuba, and was owned by Civil Service
Commissioner John w. Ludwig. Thl
dog weighed one and thrcc-quartcl
pounds. and could be held in TIL
palms of the masters two handsplaccd
together. Cuba was most int"lli
gent dog. and $1,000 had been refused
for him by his owner. His hair was s.
long that it reached the ground and
covered legs no larger than ones
little finger.
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1900-08-25
EXPERIENCES OF A pYsPsPTlc.
The Test of Food Is How You Feel Two
Hours After Eating.


Hours After Eating.
IL don't believe II man ever rightly
appreciates life until he has suffered
tortures from dyspepsia ana finally
found something he can eat said II
man recently. "ln my experience, the
principal thing to look out for is white
bread. But rye, graham or pumpcr-
nickel can be safely eaten. That mrlr
of whole wheat is still better. Hot
breads of all kinds are, of course, tab
coed.
POTATOES will make trouble for
dyspcptic every time, unless butter and
pepper are used on them, or, better
still, horscradish. But II he wants
something that is really delicious, let
him spread his potato with fresh pot
cheese. My wife thinks that is Il dread
full combination, however, ana
wouldn't taste it for worlds.
Roast beef, particularly If 1t Is
cooked rare, is always good, but all
veal, however tempting, must b. os-
chewed. I'm sure I'd die in two hours
if were to eat it.
"One of the things that will fool Il
dyspeptic every time is the tempting
inslnuating and, if eaten, annihilnting
pudding. In any gu,sr it is an enemy,
and bread pudding is the worst of all
"The why's and whcrriorcs of the
effect Of the various dishes upon Il
dyspeptics comfort are past finding
out. For instance, can cat with per-
feet safety boiled apple dumping.
while the same connection baked Will
totally eclipse all my hopes and aims
for the next n hours. Pies of all kinds
kill ut short range, and cold milk is Il
bette noir."
"Cucumbcrs will make trouble IN any
family. They ought 10 DC Forbidden
by law. Some fool writer not long ago
suggested that tomatoes were delicious
fried with bcefstcak. AS means OF
Kidding ones self of the cares and per-
pleXitics of this planet, ! should think
that mixture would be most success
| full.
"FOr breakfast, there Is nothing like
oatmeal every day in the year. To
vary mine, sometimes put fresh fruit
| in it--peacheS, bananas or berries. My
| wife accuses me of hanging out crank
notions before company and disgracing
the family. as well as being bad cX-
ample to growing children. But she
never had dyspepsia. Cheese is barred
from my diet of course, but | remem-
| Der n tOOthSOme sandwich that | in
vented in the days before the malady
overlook me, and my mouth waters for
it yet. 1t was thnly cut French bread,
spread with butter, and had English
cheese and apple bctwaen-thc slices.
My favOritc sandwich now is made Of
bananas. which have been sprinklcd
with Il few drops of lemon juice. spread
between the slices of rye bread. My
desserts consist chiefly of fresh fruits.
A delicious muskmclon filled with
cream is one of my favoritcs.
"Onc day accidentally made the dis
covery of a delicious combination. |
was in n restaurant and didn't know
what / wanted. so | ordered bowl of
milk; then had some cream put into
it. Next, | sent for hucklrberries and
ice cream. When they all arrived an
inspiration siczcd me and l dumped
them all into the bowl of milk. That
was fine scheme.
"Of course the test of everything is
how you feel two hours after you have
eaten it."-New York Tribune.
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1900-08-25

lie Is wise candidate whose speech
is shorter than people thought 1t would
be.
A man never loses anything by Civ.
ing his adversary credit for being hon
est If there is no proof that he isn't.
The politician without q nickname
has much to overcome.
Few people think they are getting
their moneys worth at joint debate
that Is not Il jawing match.
In the opinion Of the multitude n
strong argument cannot come from the
mouth of a man with weak voice.
The man whose shout is loud can
vote no ortcncr than he that merely
thinks.-Chicago Times Herald.
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1900-08-25

The Church of Snlvor0v, in the VII
lage of Kotcliansk, near NovEorCd has
just been transported bodily to st
petcrsburg Russia. The celebrated
preubrusirnSki regiment wished 10
POSSESS the church, Which contained
many souvenirs OF the famous Marshal
SolvorOv. II WAS accordingly removed
from its foundations and carried to the
nearest railway station by means Ct
33O MnGONS.
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1900-08-25
The Origin of Grcenhouses.

William Watson, of Kew, says that
the first greenhouse erected In Eng.
land was in the Apothecaries' Garden,
at Chelsea. in 1854. 1t merely had
glass sides, and was heated by kind
of oven. In 1T17 glass-roofcd house
was built by the Duke Of Rutland at
Bclvoir Castle for foreign grapes,
heated by furnaces placed Mnder the
floor of the house. Steam was first
used in 1TSS; and hot water soon af.
forward was applied to small holse
in the Jnrd'V DIES Plantes ut Paris
Meehan's Monthly.
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1900-08-25
A New Scheme.

"IIcr marriage seems to be happier
than the majority Of that kind
"Ycs, and it's all owing to the WIS
dom Of her father. Instead of settling
fortune upon them, he gives his IT,
tied son-in-law an allowance that Is to
cease If they ever separate"
"Oh, see. Instead of buying a hus-
band for her, he has secured one on
n salary "--ChicHgo Post.
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1900-08-25

At Cape Town the land lmmt diately
adjacent to the terminus ana the
castle is incumhertd with traction en-
gines, steam plows, balloon lmprdl'
mcnta. and other warlikr implements,
awaiting their turn for transport up
country. The tramp of men ana the
wmnbing of artillery are seldom an
sent from our streets. while the side.
walks are throngod with soldiers of MI
arms, who jostlc with the r3tug rs,
both rich aud poor. whose battle they
have come to fight. They vanish, no
one knows how and no on knows
whittier, since 10y desire OF the mill
tary authorities. little, or no record Is
kept 10y the newspapers OF the pas aE'
OF troops. Enormous temporary camps
have been erected in the nc'Ehborll1"i
of the town--onc fer Infantry on Green
Point Common and another for cavalry
ut Maitland, willie yet third. for n
regular mounted corps, Is established
ut Roscbank.
On landing, men and horses alike pro
cccd to one or other of these camps 10
recover from the effects of the sea roN-
age, and in Il few days they are seen
no more. Possibly Il brief notice In The
newspapers says that they have gone
to the front" or to the NORTH Eut
never where. Pvrchuncr they are next
heard of in the ghas.ly list of casual
ties supplied by the censor from >omr
L.. 4. AL. Il Ia,
One shuddcrs as, continually. the hos
pital train. with its dreadful freight,
rushcs through ut express speed 10 III"
Rondrbosch and WynhrIg hospitals,
having Travelled down from iii? front
with the wounded and the sick, not Il
few of whom have expired upon I'll"
journey. Good Words.
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1900-08-25
IIia Remarkable Birds.

Prospective Purchaser Ito Bird Fan
cicr)--I should like those pigeons aw-
fully, but Pm afraid II l sent them up
miles from home they'd never get
back, WHAT"
Bird Fancler-"ThatS all right,
Guv'nor. You sec l crosses my pig
cons with parrots, so that If they do
lose their way they can ask!'
A deal at oncc.-Moonshine
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1900-08-25
A lleasOncr.

"NIrs. Featherwelrs new hat Is the
very latest STYLE isn't it:' remarked
Mr.. Blykins.
YES" answered his wife. but how
did you know it? You say you pay no
attention to fashions
"rhcre couldn't be any mistake In
this case. If it weren't in the latest
style she wouldn't dare to wear any
ching so ugly."-Washingo Star.
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1900-08-25

One of the Mnnchu tribes who dwell
along the banks of the Iungari river
and the tsnri depend for living en-
tircly on the fisheries. They catch
sturgeon, smaller fish ana salmon.
The latter are plentiful and of so fine
Il quality and large size that those
tribes use their salmon skins IL! sum,
MGR clothing. The Mauchu women rX-
c"utr elaborate embroidery on the
Sn!mon-skin garments. For this rca-
son the Chinese call these tribes til,
"t'iSh Skin People"
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1900-08-25
Benefit from SinudCes.

A curious bit of adaptation to cir
cumstances may be seen in summer
among the cattle of the swamp lands
along the Mississippi. From July to
mid -Septpmber understanding insects
mosquitoes, flies. gnnts and so on
are so bad there cattle are sometimes
in danger of their lives. SO are r"o'
pie unless they make smudgcS-that
Is to say, fires so thickly Smotli"rrd
they fill the air with clouds of smoke
and thus drive away the pests. The
cattle soon learn the use and value OF
the smudgcs.
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1900-08-25
Rice in .Japan.

japan has for the past five years
been having good rice harvcsts; ana
last year the crop yielded l95.0oO,oN)
bushels, as against 235 100000 bushels
in 1893. when there was an OK
ceptional harvest. The average an
nunl yield during tho last qunQurh-
mum has been 19O,000,0O0 bushels.
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1900-08-25

LUCAS COUNTY. -,
FRANK j. CHENEY makes oath that nc Is th'
senior pnrtn2rot the firm OF +. j. tnhSLf y
20 d Ding husincssin the tityot locno, Com,
ty and STAT aforesaid, ana that said Irm WI
pay the sum of one HUNDRED DOLLARS foi
each ana every case of rtTAtWH Lhht cam II
be cured by the use of HALLS CATAnEu tFR"
FRANK j. tHENEY.
Sworn TO before me ard subscribed in 'ny
- presence. this 9th day of lrccmhc
SEAL a. ID. 1885. \. W. GLEASON,
| ~ NntufH ftlti"
Halls Caia,rh Cure is taken internally, anC
acts directly Oh the blood aud mu"uuS surface"
of the system. send tor t"sli ouitls. ir,r:
+. j. CuESEy n CO., lolcdp, q.
Sold by d lGgists. 100.
Halhs Family i'ils are the best.
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1900-08-25
What Compound in China Is.

The word "compound' which is used
frequently in the dispatches from Chi
ma, means an enclosure. In that coun-
try and in Japan it is customary TO
build high brick walls around fac
tories, business houses, banks and
residences for protection, and these
are known as compounds"
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1900-08-25
Vocal Possibilities.

"Do you think, professor" said mu-
sically ambitious youth, "that l can
over do anything with my vOicc|
"Wcll." was the cautious reply, at
may come in handy to holler with in
case Of 1irc?'-Answcrs.
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1900-08-25
Failed 10 l;uioy II.

AcQuaintance-"IIow did you enjoy
your trip on the lake,
Mrs. Upjohn (who had been violently
scAsicS)-"Not at all. 1t is such an
undignlicd way to travel"
Tribune
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1900-08-25
Park SCniS AlWmYS Dry.

Park seats can be used Immediate
ly after Il rain when provided with II
new English covering device, formed
of IN endless sheet of fabric, which
passes across the seat aud around Il
pair of rollers underneath being re.
volved until the dry portion covers
the seat
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1900-08-25
THE MERRY SIDE0F LIFE.
STORIES THAT ARE TOLD BY THE
FUNNY MEN OF THE PRESS.

Golf Whore the Difference Comes In -
Taking No Chances - Unnecessary -
Nearer Mt Hand - Fully Prepared -
Failed TO Enjoy II, Etc, Etc.
\ whang---a whirrng thro' the air
Two hundred yards TO walk.
another whang--an hours search
Made warm with low.brcathed talk.
\ replication of the whang-
The walk and talk the sumo
The grccn-a prctensc at croquct--
And that's the goliing game.
Life.
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1900-08-25

"pun't goa uai. hiss ms" nhe criod
wmningly.
'Why, l wasn't thinking of such 4
thing" he said.
"Wcll, l was" she replied firmly
Answers
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1900-08-25
The Inpossible Against Him.

"Did the doctor say what made poor
Billy Jopps lose his mind?'
"Ycs, he has been trying to construct
m autocab SO light that he could carry
1t home on his back If it got balky."-
Chicago Record.
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1900-08-25

In the parish Of WESTMINSTER, Lon
don, is located the bunk prison.,
said to hr "thr largest p1ual establish
mput IN England" II was begun IN
lSl2, and is som,Itmvs referred to rs
the English RastIlr,
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1900-08-25
A Safe Guess.

81 waited for three solid hours for
that palm reader to get around to me-"
well"
ale told me I didn't get on in life
because OF my tendency to fool away
time"
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1900-08-25
His Great Falling.

"Clarcncc," she said, you don't love
me as you once did"
How do you know" demanded
Clarence, iicrcely.
Because you try to make up to
me by politcness and consideration
what you lack in real feeling.
"A curse upon the artlcssness and
transparency of my naturc!" groancd
the young man. "Shc has fn"nd me
OUT
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1900-08-25

\ young woman who visited fNris
after spending several mouths in learn
ing French iruH hooks declares III
dlgnAntly that the lhrrrh Il" not know
their own language.
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1900-08-25
Incredulous Sometimes.

Mrs. Chattcr-"Do you believe all the
disagrccablc things you read in the
papers about people,"
Mrs. Tattlc-"Oh, dear, no - only
when they are about people know
Chicago News.
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1900-08-25
Tho MniOr'n ScarR.

The major had rolled up his sleeves
to howl.
Major" inquired one of the players,
chow did you get all those little scars
Oh your arms:''
"Duels," responded the major, "duels
I fought in France"
And I suppose that large scar was
acquired in some particularly fierce
combat?'
NO, sir, that is where I was vaccin-
atcd when a Chicago News.