davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Missouri Valley times. [volume] (Missouri Valley, Iowa) 1874-1931, 1900-11-22
Victims Awful Agony.

"Oh, my God, let me go, men. I've
got something more to tell you. Please
let me go. O, my God, my Cod"
In terrible screeches these words, the
first he had uttered aloud. came from
the negro. A terrible Juggling at the
chains, succession of awful groans
and screams, the negroes agony was at
last breaking down his sul!en compos-
ure.
Not an oath escaped him, but he
begged and pleaded to be shot Sudden
ly the rope holding his hands burned
through. Then arms, head and Shout
ders slipped through the chains. For
an instant the body stood erect, the
arms We're raised in supphcation, while
burning pieces of clothing dropped from
them. The body then fell away from
the fire, the head lower than the feet,
still fastened to the rail. The body was
then in such a position that only the
legs We're in the fire. The cries of the
wretch We're redoubled, and he again
begged to be shot. Some wanted to
throw him over into the fire, others
tried to dash oil upon him. Boards
We're carried, and large pile made
over the PROSTATE body. They soon
were gnited, and the terrible heat and
lack of air rendered the victim uncon-
scious, bringing death a few moments
ldtel. IHlS leIfiD!e ceremony OUT upon
the rolling prairie concluded the second
tragedy upon that spot, the terrible
aNenging of the first.
Through the entire affair but little
was said. AS they had calmly prepared
for the avenging, so the people of the
eastern part of the state carried out
their plan cooly and delibe rately.
There was not a hitch in the entire pro-
ceedlng. Not a weapon was drawn,
there was no angry discussion. After
the fire had burned low, they told each
other good night. and they went home.
They did not stop tosdiscuss the affair
Taken From the sheriff,
The train bearing the negro, IN Gus
tody Of Sheriff Freeman and his depu-
ties, arrived in Limon at 3:45 p. m. The
cars We're crowded with newspaper re-
porters and people who We're curious to
see the negro executed. r. w. Frost.
the murdered girls father was one of
the passengers. When the train
stopped sixteen men, who had been Sc
iected by the vigilance committee, en-
tered the train and demanded the pris-
Missouri Valley times. [volume] (Missouri Valley, Iowa) 1874-1931, 1900-11-22
OUR SOUTHERN VENTURES.
American Capital L. NfonopoIixing venrs
yuela and Mexico.

Venezuelan Herald: Tho perusal Of
The following lines will furnish lnfor-
alation to those persons in Venezuela
who smile when American capital and
enterprise ere spoken, of. Let them
know that the Moniteur Office! du
Commerce Trancais says of the 1920
kilometers of railroad II, 400 are Alneri-
cam; that of the 1880 mines In eNp.oita-
ton, l,5o0 are worked with capital of
the same nation; that of the $500 em-
ployes of the American railroads, only
1,030 are the sons of Uncle Sam, and
the others are natives of the country;
that one bank III every three is Ameri-
can; that the commerce which used to
be moaopo!i2ed by the French, Spanish
ard Germans is now being fought for
by the Americans. The following are
the words of NJ signoret, councillor OF
the French board OF foreign trade:
French, English, Germans and
Americans, we shall all find ourselves
competing harder than ever.
We have on cur side past success.
acquired strength; the Germans and
especially the English, have at their
disposal enormous capital and great
audacity. As to the Americans in adj
Gition to these elements, they have in
their favor the proximity of their coun-
try--fiNe days-the facilities offered by
their low tariff, their enterprisng spirit
and Ihe resources which the CONNER
cial ard industrial American people
shower o!l t!lcii; pioneers abroad. They
have also another enormous advantage,
namely, that in the United States Mex
lean business is sought for this they
understand quickly. Investigate and
execute, In France months and some
times years, elapse before hearing or
Investigation can lie ol,tsined for q
Mexican affair.
I'm q word, Mexico has been made
known and developed by the A.neri-
cans. Who, thanks to their II, 400 llilo-
meters of railroad, have enabled the
wealth of the country to be exploited.
The day General Porfirio Diaz and hts
minister Pacheco, gave them 100 con-
oessicns, of which only 107 have seen
the light, he served his country, for he
encouraged q practical people, who
have sowed the country freely with
gold What Portirio Diaz did for the
Americans lie has tried to do OH many
nccasiol.S for the French, but they have
turned q deaf ear TO him and have pre-
ferred tie Transvaal, but they have
time yet to show little initiative."
Coming from Frenchman, clothed
with an official character, these words
Should cause reflection in certain gov
Hcg:.laent officers Who believe that up to
tie present time the United States
have NOT gone out of themselves nor
Invested their capital abroad. May
these lines, reproduced in the interests
Of their country, not allow them to re-
main any longer i'll ignorance.
Missouri Valley times. [volume] (Missouri Valley, Iowa) 1874-1931, 1900-11-22
FOR poMbRoY WOMAN.
Gov. Shaw Refuses to Honor Wisconsin
Requistion for Her Arrest.

Des Moines. Ia. Nov. 21.-Governor
siaa" refused TO foiior a requisition
ilom Governor Schotield of Wisconsin
for the return OF Irena Pearce, who
Was wanted by Sheriff Faweett. of
Grant county. Wisconsin. on the
charge of kidnapping. Richard NJ.
Pearce came to Iowa from Wisconsin
several Years ago. bought farm in
Calhoun county and was married
there. He did not agree with his wife.
separated from her and returned to
Wisconsin, having made contract
with his wife that She should retain
custody OF their child pending the de-
eision of the court. He managed to
carry the child away with him, and tho
mother. getting no satisfaction, went
TO Wisconsin, stole the child away and
brought 1t back to Pomeroy Pearce
then swore out warrant for her ar
rest on the charge of kidnapping. Gov
erno1 Shaw refused to send the woman
back TO Wisconsin because of the eX-
iStence of the contract
Missouri Valley times. [volume] (Missouri Valley, Iowa) 1874-1931, 1900-11-22

The Jewish World Of London notes
that proporttonately greater number
Of su!cidee occur among tn. Jews in
England and In America than In the
countries in which the race meets with
Tie heishest treatment. This is said
20 be due 70 the fact that the orthodox
JeHs or European countries look upon
ne-f-Gcsuuct!on Us crime no less abb.
!oIrcnt than murder whilst many
.ang.icized Jews are mere lax in their
cdherence TO the teachings Of their
EaIcers. -
Missouri Valley times. [volume] (Missouri Valley, Iowa) 1874-1931, 1900-11-22

line, between Nlelrose and Russell, and
the Northwestern's engineers are now
In the west prospecting for line from
Zero southwest to Corydon, where it
intersects the lleokuk and Western
line. thence the survey proceeds to
Spring Valley, where it passes into
Missouri. With the Northwestern en-
tering Missouri at some point in Mer-
Ger or Harrison county, there is every
probability of it's ultimately building
to Kansas City.
Missouri Valley times. [volume] (Missouri Valley, Iowa) 1874-1931, 1900-11-22
Capt. j. a. @. Woman Dies in oaj.,

Fort Dodge, Ia. Nov 2O.-Nes:s was
received here of the death at his Old
home in Ohio OF Captain j. A. o. Yeo-
man, at one time one of the most prom
inent attorneys of nortiaei'n Iowa Cap
tai1 Woman is prominently mentioned
In the United States government his
tory of the civil War for conspicuous
gallantry on the field of battle He
tNas one of the captors of Jefferson ia
Wis. { prominent democratic politician
aud farmer and a candidate for con.
gresS on that ticket
Missouri Valley times. [volume] (Missouri Valley, Iowa) 1874-1931, 1900-11-22
ANOTHER AMEh.CsN DUCHESS.
Miss Helen Zimmerman iInrrics Duke Of
Manchester.

London, Nov. 19.-An inspection OF
the register of Marylebone parish
church today shows the reported mar
riage of the duke of Manchester to
Miss Helen Zimmerman OF Cincinnati
is true. The ceremony occurred last
Wednesday afternoon. The couple are
now in Ireland. When the dowager
duchess of Manchester was asked TIL;
morning II the report of the marriage
was correct she denied it absolutely,
alleging the announcement was made
at the desire of certain person Who
devoutly hoped the marriage would oc-
cur. She evinced extreme displeasure
at the idea of her son marrying Miss
Zimmerman.
Subsequently the dowager duchess
went to the church and inspected the
records finding, to her great surprise,
the marriage had occurred.
Missouri Valley times. [volume] (Missouri Valley, Iowa) 1874-1931, 1900-11-22
Destruction at La vergne.

Nashville, Tenn, Nov. 22.-The Nash
Vile and Chattanooga depot and
eighteen other houses We're demolished
by a tornado last night at LaVergne a
station on the Asheville and Chatta-
nooga road. ninety-siX miles south of
here. Details are meager, but 1t is
known that q man named Robertson
and his child We're instantly killed.
Missouri Valley times. [volume] (Missouri Valley, Iowa) 1874-1931, 1900-11-22
THE VINTAGE OF SO.
Whisky Deposited in Corner stone
Years Ago To lie Salnnleu

WHISKY Deposited In Corner Stone AZ
Years Ago to lse Sampled.
Abel, Nov. 2l.--rnere is one ,.lan in
abel who is anxiousiy awaiting the
tearing down of the old courc house.
This old relic was built in 1858 by
Charles Rodenbaugh. His main help
Ell was Uncle Billy Smith, for many
years after his partner. AS corner
stone piece" Uncle Billy buried a gallon
Of rye whisky sealed up in jug, and
The says it is there yet, and asa safe.
guard he refuses to tell under which
corner 1t is located. When that old
structure is, xeEn down there -1Aill be
more interest conferred In this one
thing than there was In the vote.
Missouri Valley times. [volume] (Missouri Valley, Iowa) 1874-1931, 1900-11-22
TO Lei INT iAnlff ALONE.
Ways and Means Members Meet to Discus.
War Tax Reduction.

WIT Hx NtNuCCION.
Washington, Nov. 22.-The republican
members OF the ways ana means COM
llittee met today to consider measure
for the reduction OF the war revenue tax.
The most important action taken was a
decision not to remove the tax of 10 cents
pound ON tea. The committee will not
take up or disturb the tariff on imports,
as members cam it would open up the
whole subject of tariff revision. The COM
lnlttee viii not grant amy hearings While
framing the bin, as full hearings were
given auring the last session of congress,
ana since then briefs and statements Of
various interests have been received Par
statements. with the committee. No de-
cision has been reached as to the amount
OF the reduction to be made Secretary
Gage and Commissioner of Internal Rev
enuc Wilson Will be heard on the sub.
ian
Missouri Valley times. [volume] (Missouri Valley, Iowa) 1874-1931, 1900-11-22
Court pcclarcs Living Man Dead.

Fairfield, Ia, Nov 2o.-Bennett San-
good has departed Tor his cid nome in
Ohio on a peculiar mission. He has
not been nome for forty years. Ieste..-
day he read in a newspaper that he
was thought to be dead, and that a de-
cree of court had been secured decar-
ing him so. A large estate 10 which he
was heir is involved. and he is going
home to convince his sorowing but
eager relatives that he is a pretty lively
cOrpSe.
Missouri Valley times. [volume] (Missouri Valley, Iowa) 1874-1931, 1900-11-22
Bodies Carried Three Miles.

Memphis, Tenn, Nov. PA tornado
visited north mississippi yesterday aft
ernoon, causing loss of life and much
property damage. Reports from Lulu,
Tunica county. state that three negroes
We're killed, their bodies having been
carried a distance of three miles by
the wind. Many outhouses We're RACED
To the ground, and the damage to crops
cannot now be estimated.
Missouri Valley times. [volume] (Missouri Valley, Iowa) 1874-1931, 1900-11-22
Sargent Won't Accent.

Washington. Nov 2o.-It is learned here
aooa t e saassa ca!ss 81 the
was rendered the office Of chief OF the
6 9areay 9f einagraying apd pr{htlpg has
ganization he now represents.
Missouri Valley times. [volume] (Missouri Valley, Iowa) 1874-1931, 1900-11-22
Economic Effects OF the Coal strike.

II
Chicago t'hronicle: An influential
eastern organ OF opinion ss.vs that the
anthracite miners are entitled to their
advance ITO per cent in wagesl in view
of the severity of the labor they per
form and the dangers they incur"
1t maintains, however, that the ques-
tipn whether the market will justify
such an advance is an open one which
Can be settled only by the practical
test.
In this connection it directs attention
to the fact that we are exporting coal
in increasing quantities, and points out
that this export trade is likely to be
checked or arrested entirely il the adj
vance in wages conapels the operators
to advance the price in order to save
themselves from loss.
This brings into view q more remote
economic question. 1t is quite true as
an economic proposition that a perma-
nent advance in price is pretty sure to
cut off demand wherever the market is,
at home or abroad. If the demand falls
off less coal must be mined and miners
must be laid off. II the operators must
advance the price in order to save
themselves from loss there must be
less demand, less output and less enl-
ployment for labor.
1t follows that in order TO keep the
full force employed the price must be
reduced to the old figure and wages
must be reduced to that end. because
operators will not submit to continual
loss.
This is the immelia.te economic prop
osition. The remoter one relates to the
conservation of our coal supply. 1t is
not desirable to hasten the exhaustion
Of our coal measures by stimulating ex-
ports. Even less is it desirable to force
our miners to subsist OH starvation
wages in order to maintain an export
trade in coal.
1t would be much Better for the men
TO maintain fair wages even il some
of them are forced to seek other em-
ployments. 1t would be far better for
the country to conserve the coal sup
ply than to hasten it's exhaustion by
expectation.
The same may be said of the iron
supply, which is pretty sure to be con-
served by an advance in the price Of
coal.
Looking. therefore: to the more re-
mote economic results we may regard
the outcome of the strike with satisfac-
ton. 1t is likely to improve the condi-
ton of the miners on the one hand and
to strengthen the country for the inter-
national economic contests OF the flu
ture on the other hand.
Missouri Valley times. [volume] (Missouri Valley, Iowa) 1874-1931, 1900-11-22
Taylor Gets Five Years

Dunlap, Ia, Nov. 2o.-Tom Taylor,
who shot and badly wounded e. II.
Barrett of this city last spring, was
sentenced to five years hard labor i'm
the penitentiary for his offense. Tay-
Tor pleaded guilty TO the charge of as
sault with intent to kill.
Missouri Valley times. [volume] (Missouri Valley, Iowa) 1874-1931, 1900-11-22
ENJo1Ns TAN COLLECTORS.

Mnscatine Judge issues Temporary In
junction Against Cigarette Alulct.
Muscatine, Ia, NOV. 2l.-Judge Bren-
nan, in the district court has granite.
a temporary injunction restraining
Muscatine county from collecting the
$500 state mulct tax from local dealers
in cigarettes. The American Tobacco
company ct al. have backed local deal
ers in disregarding the anti cigarette
law, claiming that IL interferea with
interstate commerce law. A test case
is how nendinE.
Missouri Valley times. [volume] (Missouri Valley, Iowa) 1874-1931, 1900-11-22
The Oldest Bnnknote

Is in the possession of the Bank CT
England. 1t is dated December 10.
1883, and is for 555 pounds, but on ac-
count of it's age same is made very val
liable. One of the oldest and most val
liable stomach medicines is Hostetter's
Stomach Bitters. For fifty years it has
cured dyspepsia, indigestion, nervous
ness OF insomnia. 1t will cure when
faithfully taken.
Missouri Valley times. [volume] (Missouri Valley, Iowa) 1874-1931, 1900-11-22
EXTEND TO KANSAS CiIY.
Believed Northwestern u Headed Toward
tile Missouri City.

Chicago. Nov. 1.-THE Chicago and
Northwestern IS seeking an entrance
into Kansas City, where is will become
competitor of the Burlington. Alton,
Santa Fe an1 St. Paul in southwestern
business. The Belle PLANE branch of
the Northwestern is being extended
from Muchakiuock, Ia, southwest to
Weller, small station on the Wabash
and Burlington, midway between Lo-
villa and Haggerty on the Abba
branch Of the Burlington. A survey
mas been completed to Zero, coal
mining place on the Burlington's main
Missouri Valley times. [volume] (Missouri Valley, Iowa) 1874-1931, 1900-11-22
Boose Case Continued.

Fort Dodge, Ia, Nov. 2D..-Tha case
against John w. lSooge. Of Pocahonlas
county, arrested on /; charge OF de.
frauding the pension bureau, was con-
tinued because of the sickness of an
important witness.
Missouri Valley times. [volume] (Missouri Valley, Iowa) 1874-1931, 1900-11-22
Fell Against Buz. Saw.

Mondamin. IA. Nov. go. S. Nor
ganidge suffered a painful accident
While operating his sawmil He fen
against the saw and one of his arms
was nearly severed. a physician was
called from Onawa and dressed the
wound. He said that Mr.. Morganielge
would probably lose his arm
Missouri Valley times. [volume] (Missouri Valley, Iowa) 1874-1931, 1900-11-22
WEAVER WANTS PLUM.
His Candidacy for Attorney for Southern
Iowa District liz Apnounccd

Iowa District liz Announced.
Des Moines Ia. Noy. 21.-Announce-
ment was made here yesterday, prema-
tilrcly, of the candidacy OF H. o..
Weaver, chairman of the republican
state committee, 20 rEnited States dis
trict attorney for the southern district
of Iowa. i has been known for som..
time that this reward was likely to be
given to Mr. Weaver for his Ais
til1suished party services. He haa the
strongest kind of support from all
paitss of the district ii is quito gem
orally believed that he will secure tho
appointment. His friends say there is
no doubt of it,
Missouri Valley times. [volume] (Missouri Valley, Iowa) 1874-1931, 1900-11-22
WOODBURY. FARMER KILLED.
Tom Hall Living West OF smithland Al
f,i,ln-,t.iI,. sl,n1,ts Isi,,.a.is

cidentaliy Shoots Iimse!T.
Smtthland Ia, Nov. 2o-Saturday,
afternoon Tom Hall, farmer liking
about five miles west OF town, acct
dentally shot and killed himself. While
hauling straw he took ais gun with
him to kin any game he might see,
and his lines beconlii g entangled with
II exploded the gum, killing kim in
stantS. Hall was married man
about 30 years old.
Missouri Valley times. [volume] (Missouri Valley, Iowa) 1874-1931, 1900-11-22

Tie passion for football Eaved an en-
tlre closs Ut West Point from doing
peaancc for i've months. The second
s!aBs had leon puaishcd by being or
aeHed to do constant guard duty Then
,ae olllce:a discovered that the football
team would s5e II failure without three
.ls members of that class So the
filoIe Class was pardoned that these
three might play on the tcum.
Missouri Valley times. [volume] (Missouri Valley, Iowa) 1874-1931, 1900-11-22

Baroness Ccacrstro,n tAdeliae Patt)
tays: "l5aD.tess is the true Keynote
and secret Of beauty" She declarss
that she has, therefore. deliberately
Lanlshed care from her life. because
care makes wrinkles.
Missouri Valley times. [volume] (Missouri Valley, Iowa) 1874-1931, 1900-11-22
Held On TO 1t,

Washington Star: In Brooklyn. Do you
want transfer?" asked the conductor.
What fer!' asked the man with ,he
alligator bag.
so that you can take another car
''No, sir: have waited twenty minutes
for this one and propose 70 hang OH to
n
Missouri Valley times. [volume] (Missouri Valley, Iowa) 1874-1931, 1900-11-22
DAVIS HAS A IOvD MIGHT.
Minnesota Senator's Condition Takes
Favorable Turn.

st. Paul, Mimi, Nov. Ex-senator
Davis passed a good, restful night and
the favorable conditions reported yes
terday We're still noticeable, accord
ing to an unofficial statement from the
house this morning,
Missouri Valley times. [volume] (Missouri Valley, Iowa) 1874-1931, 1900-11-22
lr Caught

Philadelphia Press: NJ. II. Perce-
How much do you expect to get for
your vote?
r. E. Peter-,Nell, I'm sure of 30
cents for the machine boss, and 1 may
get TWO years.
Missouri Valley times. [volume] (Missouri Valley, Iowa) 1874-1931, 1900-11-22

An item like this in the louisville
Post is calculated to make women
never was baby that wasn't urlier
than both of its parents put together.
Missouri Valley times. [volume] (Missouri Valley, Iowa) 1874-1931, 1900-11-22
Many Dead at Columbia.

Birmingham, Ala, Nov. pa tele-
phone message from Columbia, Tenn,
at l:30 this morning says number of
people We're killed and great amount
OF property damaged.
Missouri Valley times. [volume] (Missouri Valley, Iowa) 1874-1931, 1900-11-22
Ia GRANGE A WRECK.
Tennessee Town Almost Wiped Out b,
the storm.

Icnneses 80 Town Almost Wiped Out by
the storm.
Memphis, Tenn, Nov. PA tornado
struck the town OF LAGRANGE, Tenn,
foity-nine miles east of Memphis, on
the southern railroad In Fayette coun-
u. Mt 400 o'clock yesterday afternoon,
and as {, result not a church is left
sanding except the Episcopal. The
streets are Uttered With the debris of
destroyed buildings, merchandise. tel
ezsrapn ANA telephone wires and poles.
Several persons are dead and wounded.
The dead SO far recovered up to the
time the correspondent left on the
evening train to bring the report tc
MempniS, are:
MATTER L. MOODY, assistant man
aser OF the Pankey & Gather Plow
manufacturing company.
WIFE OF I5RONvN MAY, colored.
NEGRO WOMAN, unknown.
Mounaed:
r. !. Tucker, manager of Pankey g.
Gather Plow Manufacturing company.
Edward Smith, railroad agent, in.
jured by falling debris.
Samuel Wadley, broken leg.
VIM. McNamee.
Mrs. Fannie NIcNamee.
Jessie Stafford.
The business houses totally destroyed
are: w. Z. Lipscomb & Co., j. c. Nc
Neil, McNalnee & Co., h. N. A1cNanee.
all general merchandise; G. L. Pankers,
livery stable; j. w. Gibbons, sale sta
BILE; Pankey & Gather, pillow nlanufac-
turing company; Samuel Valleys
wagon SHOP.
The Southern Railway company's
large brick depot, the Methodist, Bap-
fist and Presbyterian churches and the
residence portion of the town also suf-
fefed heavy loss, several buildings be-
ing completely demolished and large
number damaged.
perfect deluge of rain was falling
when the cyclone came, but it's adj
vance was foretold by roaring, rush
ing sound, followed by quick, heavy
reports which gave the inhabitants
warming and they rushed out from the
falling buildings.
Missouri Valley times. [volume] (Missouri Valley, Iowa) 1874-1931, 1900-11-22
population of Hawaii.

Washington, Nov. 16.-The popula-
ton of Hawaii as announced by the
census bureau is 154,0o1, against 100, O2O
in 1896, an increase of 41.2 per cent.
Missouri Valley times. [volume] (Missouri Valley, Iowa) 1874-1931, 1900-11-22

With the aid of artesian wells the
cry Spots Of the earth may be re-
claimed. They have already converted
100000 acres Of the Sahara into fer
tile land.
Missouri Valley times. [volume] (Missouri Valley, Iowa) 1874-1931, 1900-11-22
Uhl Not Seriously III.

Grand Rapids. Mich, Nov. 17.-Edwin
4. Uhl is not seriously Ill. He is much
improved from the attack OF p,eurisy
from which he suffered yesterday.
Missouri Valley times. [volume] (Missouri Valley, Iowa) 1874-1931, 1900-11-22
Mil fo- slonx Rnnins.

Sioux Rapids, Ia, Nov. 2o.--Worl5 is
being rapidly pushed On our new So
barrel Touring mill. w. j. Pu.ford ex-
poets to have it in running order by
January /.
Missouri Valley times. [volume] (Missouri Valley, Iowa) 1874-1931, 1900-11-22
IOWA AakKtS COOP GAIN.

The Population Is a.asl,s5a Against
1,911, 500 In 1890.
Washington. Nov. 19.-rhe popula-
tion of Iowa is 2,231, 1853, against 1911 1895
in 1890, an increase of 319,957, or 1871
per cent
Missouri Valley times. [volume] (Missouri Valley, Iowa) 1874-1931, 1900-11-22
Thirteen Killed.

Memphis, Nov. 22.-Meager reports
from towns along the line of the Illi-
nois Central railroad in north Missis-
sippi state that the tornado wrought
much havoc. Thirteen persons We're
reported killed between Love station
and Cold Water The tornado made it's
appearance at about $3.50 o'clock yester-
day afternoon and swept all clear in it's
path. Trees We're uprooted and fences
and outhouses We're leveed to the
ground. Telegraph and telephone wires
are down, and details are lacking.
Missouri Valley times. [volume] (Missouri Valley, Iowa) 1874-1931, 1900-11-22
-
Louisiana's Growth.

Washington. Nov. 16.-The popula-
ton of Louisiana is 1881 ,625. against
l.11S.5S7 in 1880. an increase of 23.5 per
cent