davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1888-1908, 1900-02-17
Election omcers Sentences.

Philadelphia, Feb. 13.-Samuel R.
Markedly, Joseph Hogan and Frank
Taylor, alias Pierce, were sentenced to
Imprisonment for two years in the
Eastern penitentiary, and to pay fine
of $500 each for frauds perpetrated at
the November election. The men were
election officers and were convicted of
stufing the ballot box and making
fraudulent returns of the votes cast
Free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1888-1908, 1900-02-17
Feartul Ranges of Inhuenza.

Berlin, Feb. 9.-The influenza which
has spread throughout Germany now
numbers 10000 victims in Munich. In
Berlin every bed in every hospital is
occupied and the hospital physicians,
hundreds of whom have been stricken
with the malady, are scarcely able to
believed to be dying is DR.. Lieber,
leader of the Centrists, or clerical party
in the reichstag, who has received the
sacrameuts
Free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1888-1908, 1900-02-17
Labor Scarca In Cnha.

Havana, Feb. 13.-GeneraI Rivera.
1oubtedly there is scarcity of labor.
This is due to the large demand for it,
and this in turn is due to the fact that
he tobacco crop is the largest on
record and that more land is being
cultivated than ever before in all parts
IF the island, and the large number
IF men who have been employed in the
towns in sanitary work and in the
construction of new buildings. Now
that the crop is here and they are
needed in the country districts, they
are not disposed to return
Free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1888-1908, 1900-02-17
Relief for Honolulu.

Washington, Feb 12--In conse-
quence Of the destruction of cabins in
Honolulu to check the plague many Oh
the natives are homeless and destitute.
There is no legislative authority to
meet the situation by an appropriation
and it is understood to be the purpose
of President Mckinley to communicate
the facts 10 congress with request fo1
authority to re-convene the old legis-
lature, or to establish a commission
with power to do whatever is needful
at this time.
Free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1888-1908, 1900-02-17
War on German Carp.

ST. Joseph, Mo-, Feb. 13.-The state
ish commission held its annual session
aere and elected the following officers:
Sam T. Resell. St. Louis; John R. Har-
:ison, Fayette, vice-president and
Frank Yenawine, st. Joseph, secretary.
improvements in state hatcheries were
decided upon. A war of determination
of German carp will be prosecuted.
Free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1888-1908, 1900-02-17
Coal Famine In France.

Washington, Feb. 1O.-United States
Consul Skinner, at Marseilles, reports
to the state department that there is a
coal famine in France. This is at
tributed to strikes among the French
miners; the withdrawal of British
miners from the collieries to join the
army; the demand m Great Britain for
domestic coal for manufacturing pur-
poses and hurry orders for the exposi-
ton.
The Bowbells tribune., 1900-07-27
THE Z Is, DOLLAR.
History Of : Term Thst Has Become
Worldwide.

history Of Term Th.t Has BECOME
worldwlde.
Our word dollar dates back to 1885,
when resolution was passed by con-
gress which provided that it should
be the unit of money of the United
States. Another resolution was passed
in 1855, August s, providing that 1t
should weigh 1854 grains Of pure ~
yer. The mint was established in 1ssal,
and then required to coin silver dollars
containing 371.25 grains Of pure silver.
This was due to the influence Of Alex
ander Hamilton. No dollars were
coined until 1894, and then irregular.
They are now worth $100 each. In 1894
the coinage of regular dollars began.
Our coin was the adaptation of the
Spanish milled dollar, coin very pop
ular wherever the Spaniards travelled.
The coin was called "piastre," meaning
a fiat piece Of metal; it is synonymous
with plaster. 1t is supposed that the
Spanish took the German 'thaler" and
called it by the name of plaster" The
word dollar is entered in Bailey's Eng
lish Dictionary OF 1745, and was used
repeatedly by Shakespeare at the be- :
ginning Of the seventeenth century, es-
pecially in Macbeth, II: 2, 62: ''Till she
disbursed $4,000 to our general use,"
and in Tempest" II: 1, II. The ques-
tion where Shakespeare found the word
dollar is answered by the fact that the
Hanseatic towns maintained a great es-
tablishment called the Steel Yard in
London. The Steel Yard merchants
were mostly North Germans, who
would call the German thaler as If it
spelled "dah-ler." The same merchants
originated the word sterling, an alb
breviation of the word ''esterling." As
the Hanseatic trade was particularly
brisk on the Baltic and in Russia, the
standard coins of the Hanse merchant9
were called esterlings, and sterling
came to mean something genuine and
desirable. The world dollar Is the
English for thaler, the first of which
was coined about 1885, and corresponds
quite closely to our present American
silver dollars. The word thaler means
coming from dale or valley" the
first dollar having been coined in a Bo-
hemian valley called Foachimisthal. It
was under Charles w., the emperor of
Germany, King Of Spain and Lord of
Spanish America, that the German tha-
Ter became the coin Of the world
Golden Thoughts.
The Bowbells tribune., 1900-07-27

he became a compositor on the New
York Sun, later Joined an expedition to
Brazil, and before he was "a made
fortune of some $4,000 in the diamond
field along the Amazon. Returning to
New York he married, and gayly spent
his little fortune within two years. He
went back to the Brazilian diamond
fields. Meanwhile the governmental pol
icy toward the diamond miners had
changed, and aliens were no longer
permitted to mine there.
He returned to his type-setting, this
time on the Brooklyn Eagle. One day
he contributed an article to the Eagle
ON commercial affairs Of Brazil, at
tracing the attention of the proprietor,
Thomas Kinsella, who made him a
bookkeeper in the business office. Next
Nooers was cashier for the Eagle, at
$1,000 a year. Those were palmy days
Of journalism in New York and Brook
lyn-days when Tweedism put vast
sums in the pockets of favored pub
fishers. But Tweed was sent to pris-
The Bowbells tribune., 1900-07-27

of the Imperial hotel, where he was
stopping, tell another servant of how
the sweeping Of dusty carpets in the
hotel was gradually killing him with
consumption. He inquired at the Of
fee about the man, had doctor ex-
anime him, and found the case a genu-
inc one for charity. Shortly after the
man, his wife and child were on their
way to California at Mr.. Mooers' ex-
pense. They are now in Phoenix. Ari-
zona, and the man is the chief cook at
the Adams House.
Two months ago Mr.. Mooers was in
a blacksmith shop in Los Angeles to
see about shoes for his PAGER. He
heard several men discussing the pros
pect of getting gold at Cape Nome.
None of the men knew him. He be-
came interested in one Of the young
men because of his burning zeal to go
to Nome. He invited him to his house
that day and several days thereafter.
On one of the first steamers from Sc
attic to Cape Nome, early In May,
Richard B. Judson sailed north with
supplies and capital enough to last two
years. Frederick NJ. Mooers was his
silent partner.
The Bowbells tribune., 1900-07-27
Tho Father of Printing.

The city Of Mayence, in Germany,
has recently celebrated the five hun
dredth anniversary of the birth of
Johann Gutenberg, who is commonly
believed to have been the first man to
make and use movable types. Guten-
berg was native of Mayence. 1t was
in that pleasant city by the Rhine that
he executed the Gutenberg Bible" one
of the rarest gems of the great librar-
les. In Mayence he died-in poverty
at about the age of fifty-eight.
A feature of this Gutenberg festival
was an exhibition Of the best things
the printers art has produced during
five hundred years. 1t seemed strange
to many of the visitors that in some
directions there has been so little gain.
We of the nineteenth century can
barely surpass the beauty of the mas
terpieces that issued from the press
which Aldus Manutius set up at Ven
ice in 1890.
But these books were for the rich. It
took so much time to print them that
the editions had to be small and high
priced. A private library of twenty
volumes represented quite fortune.
The day of the poor man dawned
with the advent of the power press.
That permitted the newspaper. The
perfecting press and the type-setting
machine, wonders of our own time,
still further cheapened the cost CT the
book and made the penny paper pos
s:ble.
There is now no man SO poor that
he may not be fully informed of the
worlds doings, as well as completely
in touch with the sources of culture.
But Johann Gutenberg was the t':un-
der of the poor mans opportunities.
and it is we'll to remember thankfully
the man who toiled In obscurity to es-
tablish the chief blessing Of civiliza-
ton.
The Bowbells tribune., 1900-07-27

sides the extra cost for the second
coach. Then, too, there is often
combination of clean and slippery
pavement, where both wheels and run
ners could be utilized to advantage. To
provide for these emegencies
Edward c. Regelf of Minnesota has
designed this combination carriage,
which has the wheels mounted on
skeleton from beneath the body por-
tion. The frame is mounted on verti-
cal guide rods and connected with
horizontal k-shaft, the latter hav-
Ing a lever at the rear which is raised
or lowered to throw the wheels out OF
or into action. All that is necessary to
change the vehicle from a cart to a
sleigh is to touch the lever with the
hand or foot. to throw the skeleton
frame into either position.
The Bowbells tribune., 1900-07-27

sands. One day it flashed upon him
that the Goler camp was the center OF
an enormous extinct crater; that the
golden particles in the sand were
washed. there through countless ages
from ledges formed by volcanic action,
and If the rim OF the volcano might be
found the original ledge would be a
source of fabulous wealth. For days
he told and re-told his story to his COM
panions. Finally Singleton and Bur-
chem agreed to go and search for the
ledge. Two days Of prospecting led
to the location Of the seven mines
known as the Yellow Aster group,
where Randsburg has since grown UP.
So rich were the specimens whacked
from the outcropping rock that the Vel
low Aster paid from the start. Mooers.
Singleton and Burchem had taken over
100000 in ore from the golden ledges
up to January, 1900.
With the knowledge that the Yellow
Aster was to be the source of thou
sands Of dollars every month as long as
he would probably live, Mooers set
about having gloriously good time
with his suddenly acquired fortune. Il
know too WE'LL" said he to friends,
"that my life has been one Of such
hardships that will probably live but
few years more-ten or twelve years
at the outside-and mean to have fun
and make some people remember me
for personal kfndnesses after am
gone"
And he kept his word.
First he bought magnificent man
sion owned by Thomas F. Fitch, ut 818
Bonnie Brae street. Los Angeles He
sent to New York and got his aged
mother, hts young son and his broth
ers. and brought them all in private
car to Los Angeles. The home was
furnished superby. He bought horses
and carriages for the famtly's use. pro.
ytded his mother with servants to an.
ticipate her slightest wish. and made
sure that the home circle should har.
a certain part OF the dividends from
the Yellow Aster monthly.
/, All the rest he devoted tn all sorts o
whims Of pleasure.
A month later. In Buffalo, he foun,
printer Of his own nave dying q
The Bowbells tribune., 1900-07-27
GIVES HIS FORTUNES
TO THE POOR

Frederick M. Mooers, mining king
and prince of good fellows, whose ca
reer the past four years has been ex-
traordinary and eccentric in It's lavish
expenditure of money, died suddenly
the other day at the Fifth Avenue ho-
tel. In New York. He will be remem-
bered because, like the blithesome
prince of old, he went along tossing for
tunes into the laps Of all TO whom his
fancy turned.
The story OF Frederick Mooers' rise
from poverty to wealth is an interest
ing one. Indeed, his whole life was one
of unusually romantic vicissjtudes.
At the age Of 80 Mr.. .Mooers was with
out dollar. At the age Of IS he died,
possessed of one-third Of the Yellow
Aster mines. a property for which the
Dol Mars, Of Utah, vainly offered $4,-.
100000.
His father was cobbler in Cam
bridge. Mass. He went to New York at
the breaking out of the civil war, and
for months was street arab. Then
The Bowbells tribune., 1900-07-27
Not to Marry Shop Crib.

Factory and shop girls are rated. be-.
low par in the matrimonial market Of
Kewanee, ILL.,, according to a special;
correspondent Of the Chicago Journal.
According to report an organization. Of
men has been formed to- discourage
sweatshop work among the young wo-s
men. Each member is pledged not tul
marry young. woman Employed; in,
places such as mentioned. The men,
argue that factory and shop, work un.
fit young women for. household duties;
The young women who stick close, tc
the precepts Of housekeeping are. the!
ones whose names are. likely to, apef
pear in the marriage notices hereafter
The Bowbells tribune., 1900-07-27

consumption. The next day the print
er, his wife and two children were trav-
cling in sumptuous style toward San
Diego, where for over a year, until the
man died, they received from Mr..
Mooers' Los Angeles bankers certain
monthly stipend.
A year ago man fell down the shaft
in the Yellow Aster mine. The Yellow
Aster company pensioned the widow
literally. Mr.. Mooers happened to be
on the cars few weeks later, and the
widow came forward and introduced
herself to him. During their CONVEX
sation she spoke Of her three daugh-
ters and of the plans of their dead faith
er to send them east to the paternal
home. A day or so later Mr.. Mooers
had bought round trip tickets for the
whole family to New Bedford, Mass.
Not only that, but he secured berths
in the Pullman cars for them, and gave
a $40 gold piece to each Of the trio.
While in New York last summer he
overheard a colored man in the hall
The Bowbells tribune., 1900-07-27

on. The eagle changed hands and
Mooers was out of job.
Mooers next joined a filibustering ex-
pedition to Costa Rica, in Central
America, and with his comrades lay
in Jail one year, expecting almost any
day to be led out to execution. He was
sailor before the mast for the next
year and half. Returning to New
York. in broken health, he wrote an
article for the Sun about the hardships
Of common sailors, which brought him
to public notice. He was called to
Washington by committee in con-
gress to relate in detail how American
sailors were treated on ships sailing
under foreign flags.
In April. 1895. Mooers. John Single
ton and Austin Burclem were living in
a tent at Goler, earning dollar a day,
and on particularly favorable days a
dollar and a half. For weeks Mooers
had pondered over the problem of the
source Of the golden specks which they
were dry washing in the brown desert
The Bowbells tribune., 1900-07-27
r,nv yo,canoe. in Californi..

Not far from Laytonville, CAL, six
acre patch of ground has raised crop
of little volcanoes. A few nights ago
a tremendous rumbling and roaring
drew attention to the fact that 25
spouters had broken loose on the side
of the mountain. each resembling a
volcano in shape, with the character
istic crater. and from each crater
gushed mud and warm vapor. Each
volcano" was about five feet high and
the liquid mud, steaming and sputter-
ing, was thrown to height of rs feet
and ran down the sides of the little
hills like streams Of lava Great
crowds of people hurried to the place,
and for hours sat on the mountain side
and watched the phenomenon
The Bowbells tribune., 1900-07-27
--urrNTIFIC TOPICS.
CURRENT NOTES OF DISCOVERY
AND INVENTION.
Some Medical Problems Answered-Truth
About Inhammatory Rhoumatlsm-A
Safety Razor strop = Carriage and
Sleigh Combined.
Some Medical Problems Answered.

Some Medical Problems Answered.
great variety of affections accompan-
led with pain in the joints or muscles,
some of them more of equity nature,
others probably of infectious origin,
and others still the expression of some
disease of the nervous structures.
Acute articular, or inflammatory,
rheumatism Is disease characterized
by pain, and swelling in one or more
of the joints, usually the larger ones,
such as the knee, together with fever
of more or less intensity. 1t is dis
ease of temperate climates, especially
in cold and damp regions, being very
seldom seen in the tropics. 1t occurs
in this country chiefly in late winter
and early spring, although it may oc-
cur, particularly on the seacoast, at
any time of the year. In Englan:. 1t Is
said to be most frequent in the au-
tumn. It attacks persons between the
ages Of fifteen and forty more COM
monty than those who are older or
younger. Physicians are not yet agreed
as to its nature, although many now
incline to regard it as germ disease.
1t begins gradually, with slight aching
in the limbs, sore throat, AID general
feeling Of depression. The appetite
fails, the tongue is heavily coated,
often there is complaint of headache
and of chilly sensations, and the suffer-
er is generally ''out of Sorts There
Is feverishness, and as this increases,
pain and swelling appear in one or
more of the large joints. The joints
attacked are hot, red and exluisltely
painful, and have every appearance OF
being severely inflamed.
All these symptoms may disappear
in single night from one joint, and
appear at the same time in another;
and SO the disease may 60 on, attack
ing one joint after another, those first
affected recovering much of their tone
and function. One of the characters
tic symptoms is profuse perspiration;
the skin is not red and dry, as in most
fevers, but cool, moist, and sometimes
actually dripping with sweat. The
disease may come to an end in week
or ten days, or it may go on attacking
Joint after joint, and when all have
suffered it may begin over again, and
90 60 on indefinitely AS long as the
rheumatism is confined to the joints
there is little danger, although occa-
sionally death results from excessive
fever; but there Is always danger that
1t may attack the lining membrane Of
the heart and cripple the organ per-
manently Rarely it attacks the mem
brane of the brain, causing violent de-
lirium or death.
The Bowbells tribune., 1900-07-27
SAFETY RAZOR BLADE STROP.

In the cut is shown new and USE
full apparatus by which the blades OF
safety razors can be rapidly sharpened
on an ordinary strop. This device is
the invention of William H. Douglas,
of New Jersey. In the majority OF
safety razors the short blade is set at
right angles with the handle, and it is
necessary to detach the blade from the
safety guard in order to sharpen it.
This makes it obligatory to provide
some means to hold the blade in po-
sition to be sharpened in manner
similar to the ordinary blades. It has
been difficult matter to hold the blade
and turn it readily in the hand, but
with the new apparatus the blade Is
inserted in the grip provided for that
purpose, and the handle Is grasped as
shown in the illustration. The rollers
are in fractional contact with the
etrop, and are connected with the
blade-carrying spindle by a simple
The Bowbells tribune., 1900-07-27

often has as many a. hfty houses to
attend to, and draws small fees from
each Of them. It is not long since 8
male "flre-poker" in that quarter died
worth more than three hundred pounds
which he had saved out of his earn
ings. It often happens at the East
End that strict Jew goes out into
the street and says to some Christian
passer-by, would you be so kind as
to come indoors and light my lamp?
The 'fire-poker' has failed me-" Many
a tip do the police constables get for
services Of this kind. One of them
said that he had received scores of
small presents for putting kettles on
the fire.
The Bowbells tribune., 1900-07-27
Scientific JottinHs.

Portugal was decidedly liberal to
scientific men at the time of the recent
eclipse. The custom house employees
were ordered to give astronomers
every facility for the entry of their
baggage, their instruments being ad-
mitted free on the presentation Of
certificate from an astronomical OBJ
servatory countersigned by Portu-
guese consular agent.
1t is said that coal was mined prior
to 1113. In the Liege district coal was
first found about 1899. In 1914 coal
was attracting some attention on the
southern side of the Firth of Forth.
This was a hundred years after the
mines in the Worm district are said to
have been opened and regularly
worked. 1t is not likely that coal was
mined in Great Britain before the thir-
teenth century.
Rubber culture was first scientiiical-
ly undertaken at the botanical gardens
at Peradeniya in 1876 by DR.. Trimen,
and in 1897 Ceylon boasted Of 250.000
trees of the Brazilian variety which
yielded an amount of one pound and q
half per tree. fifty trees being planted
to the acre. Il is fortunate for Brazil
that little of the east possesses the soil.
climate and conditions necessary for
such competition. The present ten
dency is to introduce machinery and
chemical processes in South America
requiring moro or less technical skin.
Some companies are using centrifugal
machines.
The Bowbells tribune., 1900-07-27
Automobile Fatalities.

Many serious automobile accidents
have recently happened in New York.
A Doctors assistant was killed by 3
head-on collision with one of the ma
chimes while riding his bicycle and ?
prominent citizen met his deatt
through his automobile running away
It refused to answer to the controlling
lever, reached speed of thirty mile
an hour and then struck the curb[
throwing out its occupants. The NAL
chine continued its erratic cours
down the street and was, finally
stopped by people who threw obstruc
tions in front Of it. The wheels KEEP
on turning just the same till the powe
was exhausted. The machine was no,
hurt.
The Bowbells tribune., 1900-07-27
Poklnx Fire for A Livinr.

Poklng Fire for A Living.
The trades of London are many. and
some of them seem very strange to an
American. One occupation by which q
score of Britons are said to earn their
livelihood is that of 'poking fires" It
is thus described by London ex-
change, and whatever else may be
thought of the story, it speaks we'll for
the Jews of England, as faithful keep
ers of their law. BY the Rabbinical
law, no Jew is allowed to kindle or
mend any fire on the Sabbath; and in
certain places in England, where Jews
are very numerous, this prohibition
makes it necessary that persons shall
be employed from sunset on Friday to
the same hour on Saturday, in going
from house to house lighting fires and
lamps, and attending to them. One
woman IN the East End of London
The Bowbells tribune., 1900-07-27
Long Range. Drink.

Editor Kennedy of the Memphit
Commercial-Appeal has invented a new
hot weather drink which he. calls the
admiral Sampson 1t must be- ont
Of those farreaching beverages that get
in their work at long range.-Washane$
ton Post.
The Bowbells tribune., 1900-07-27
COMBINED CARRIAGE AND
SLEIGH.

In the accompanying drawing is
shown baby carriage which is adapt
ed for winter and sumner use. The
common carriage must be put away
when the ground is covered with snow,
and is often replaced by coach on
runners, the vehicle not in use requir-
ing not a little space for storage, be-
The Bowbells tribune., 1900-07-27
roet-Pr.... Of cont,der.ey.

The Pickett Buchanan Chapter.
Daughters Of the Confederacy, has cree.
ted q monument to the memory Of the
Rev. Father Abram J. Ryan, who vas
known as the poet-priest Of the con.
tederacy.
The Bowbells tribune., 1900-07-27
Richest Chinaman In Ame.,c.

Richest Chinamon In AmeFhcA
Chin Tan Sun, the San Francisco
Chinese leader, is not enly the rfeheA
Chinaman In America, but one OF The
rich men Of any race or nation, Aavins
credited to his name in banks and
deeds to properties several millions OF
dollars.
The Bowbells tribune., 1900-07-27
Young Man Heads srilllon.,

Young m1n HeooN MlIU00G
B. F. Jones, Jr., Of Pittaburg. who I
has been made the head Of the Jones -
LauEhlin steel manufacturing inter
ssts. which are eapitalisssd at lsQ0oes>
900. 10 only 81 ysSra old.