davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Union gazette. [volume] (Corvallis, Benton County, Or.) 1899-1900, 1900-03-16
First Coaches In London.

Riding was the only alternative to
walking at the beginning of Elizabeth's s
reign, and a lady never rode without
six or seven serving men to carry at
tire suitable to all contingencies, and
the means to repair toilet which
might suffer on the journey, says the
Bishop Of London in the Cornhill Maya
zine.
To diminish this cost coaches came
into use. They were introduced in
1864 by Dutch coachman of the
queen, but we are told "a coach was a
strange monster In those days, and the
sight Of 1t put both man and horse into
amazement: some said it was a great
crabshell brought out Of China. and
some imagined it to be one Of the pagan
temples In which the cannibals wor-
SHIPPED the devil" But at length these
doubts were cleared and coachmaking
became a substantial trade. So rapid
was the increase Of coaches that in
1901 an act Of parliament was passed
.'to restrain the excessive and super
fuous use of coaches within this
realm"
In spite of this innovation. no method
could be devised which made locomo-
ton pleasant through streets which
were alternately torrents of dirt find
ing their way to the Fleet ditch, and
thick deposits Of black mud, which fur.
nished a ready weapon to any one who
wished to express disapprobation. 1t
is difficult for US to picture London
without either cabs or omnibuses.
Union gazette. [volume] (Corvallis, Benton County, Or.) 1899-1900, 1900-03-16
Muti,ation of Teeth Among savas.

Mutilation OF Teeth Among Savagee
1t is curious to what an extent the
mutilation of teeth goes on among
savage nations. and even among GER
tain civilized people, such as the Jap,
anese. With them girl Is never mar
ried without first staining her teeth
black with repulsive kind Of var
nish, and the custom is especially ad
hered to among members of the richer
large proportion of the teeth are delib-
erately broken when children reach a
certain age. Both In the new world
and In the old the custom exists Of ex
tracing the two front teeth of domes-
tic servants. In Peru the custom has
used to be sign of slavery in the days
of Incas. This Is also the custom on
the Congo and among the Hottentots
Teeth are stained In various colors
among the Malays. A bright red and
a bright blue are not uncommon, and
bright green is produced with the
aid of arsenic and lemon juice. Living
stone related that among the Kaffirs
q child with promient upper jaw was
looked upon as a monster and imme-
diately killed. On the Upper Nile the
negroes have all their best teeth ex-
tracted in order to destroy their value
In the slave market, and to make 1t
not worth while for the slave-traders
to carry them off.
Union gazette. [volume] (Corvallis, Benton County, Or.) 1899-1900, 1900-03-16

GO CONNECT the Atlantic with
the Mediterranean by a ship canal
= capable Of floating modern man
of war il the dream Of. the French ma
tion. 1t is proposed to take advantage
Of the present waterways in the interior
Of France, and by deepening and supple
menting them by others, fit them to the
purpose.
Contrary to what would seem the nat
ural Atlantic terminus, says a corre-
spondent of the New York Press, it is
proposed to neglect Bordeaux in favor
of what will be practically a new port.
Arcachon, with it's great natural basin.
lends itself ideally to the kind Of fortif-
cation that would be demanded by a ca
nal that would, by the fact of its exist
ence, come to be the central strategic
feature of the country. Arcachon, when
the canal is finished, will be the Brest of
to-day, hundred times magniied. Bor-
deaux, that could never be made to give
the necessary ease and security to war
feet, will remain the great commercial
port 1t is.
Another advantage of the canal as
planned by the effervescent Gaui will be
to furnish work for years to the French
workingman, to the calming of the labor
Ing miuu ana. the security OF the republic,
the calculations being for a permanent
force of 10000 laborers.
At the beginning it was seen that ordi-
nary locks would not serve; with them
the passage would require at least six
days. One way of diminishing their
number-it is estimated that 200 would
be necessary-would be the old-fashioned
plan of keeping the canal to the low alti-
tudes of the plains and then, arriving at
the Col de Naurouze. to pass through it
in giant cut. 1t would be cut 500
feet deep. To avoid the necessity of this
Union gazette. [volume] (Corvallis, Benton County, Or.) 1899-1900, 1900-03-16
Hew Far Noises Travel.

When the alkali works at st. Helens.
England, were blown up by the explo-
sion of eighty tons Of chlorate Of pot
ash, the noise was heard at MARBLE,
twenty-eight miles away. At the battle
of Corunna 1900 barrels of gunpowder
blew up, causing the ground to rock for
miles. The blast at He'll Gate, New
York, 130 tons Of dynamite, was per-
ceived 1873 miles away by the vibrations
of mercury. The shock of the dyna-
mite explosion, fifty tons, at Johannes
burg was felt at Pretoria, thirty-three
miles distant. The naval magazine of
Lagouban, Toulon, was heard at Nice,
eighty-four miles distant, and even at
Ventimiglia, in Italy, 100 miles distant.
The country for radius of nearly two
miles was blown bare, houses knocked
to pieces and trees uprooted or bent
into fantastic shapes.
Union gazette. [volume] (Corvallis, Benton County, Or.) 1899-1900, 1900-03-16

yer, Mai. Warner, one of his patrons,
found a place in the Office Of the sur
veyor of the port in Kansas City. There
he was thrown into contact with poll
ticians and started on this bent of his
career. He had command of lam
guage and a fiuency which made him
what they were pleased to call "a won
derful orator." and he came quickly
into demand as stump speaker. Maj.
Warner becoming candidate for Gov
ernor in 1892, Mr.. Davis took to the
field and went up and down the State,
and, through Warmers influence, he
himself secured the nomination for
Congress. Both went down to defeat
but Mr.. Davis had won fame through
out the State which was to help him in
the future.
The campaign over, he went to Col
erado. thence to Chicago. He returned
to Kansas City on the eve of mayor
atty campaign, and, since no one else
cared to run, Mr.. Davis was easily per-
suaded to make the race. Mr.. Davis
won, to everybody's surprise, includ-
ing his own. He inaugurated an ag-
gressive policy, began the building of
an extensive park system, but went out
of office retaining only sufficient popu-
larity to name his successor, Jimmy"
Jones.
In this campaign, in which he worked
as he had for himself, he was charged
with perpetrating fakes to win votes.
One night he appeared before a polit-
ical meeting and declared that an at
tempt had been made to assassinate
him as he was leaving the house.
Whereupon he exhibited his hat rid
died with bullets. The newspapers took
1t up and said he had done it himself.
They secured statements from doctors
to prove that he would have been shot
to death. and all he could do was to
Union gazette. [volume] (Corvallis, Benton County, Or.) 1899-1900, 1900-03-16
aftes and np burdensorne apparatus to


carry abeasN
The Indians of America, like the old
warriors of the Scotch highlands, real
lied the Importance of signal fires In
war time and made use of code of fire
flashes; but 1t was not until 1922 that
Colonel Colby Of the British Royal en-
gineers devised more adequate system
for transmitting messages by sun
flashes. His method of doing this was
by mailing a certain number Of pieces
of bright tin on poles and exposing
them to the suns rays. Some time
later this was improved on by the adop-
tion of a plain mirror. In 1888 an En-
glish officer at Gibraltar used an ordi-
nary looking glass to reflect flashes
across the strait to Tangier, thereby
carrying ON a long distance converse
ton with other English officers in Af-
rica.
This mirror system was experiment.
ed with and improved upon until the
wear 1878, when the United States gov
ernment purchased the latest models
and began the instruction of special
signal corps In heliography. The mill
tary value Of such sun writing was well
known when, in 1886, General Miles
began his Indian campaign against
Geronimo. If the truth were only
known, 1t was the heliograph more
han anything else that led to the round
Ing up and capture of the famous,
lood-drinking red man. One can inn
agine the surprise of the Indians when
they found that they could not move
without the fact being known to the
Americans and the movement mystic
riously anticipated. Signal parties, in
fact, were flashing hourly information
from mountain peak to mountain peak,
and the Indian warriors headquarters
were always known at Miles camp.
Through the use of the heliograph
Geronimo was kept away from water
by rapidly stationed and mobile bands
of troops and was finally parched into
submission.
The English army had already been
making use of the heliograph In At
ghanistan, and during the Boer war of
twenty years made effective use Of the
Nance Photographic apparatus. The
great service this means of communica-
ton has been to the different British
commanders besieged by the Beers in
the present South African was Is very
we'll known.
The field heliograph apparatus. as
used to-day, consists of a sole leather
pouch containing sun mirror and q
station mirror, a small screen or shut
ter. sighting rod and two small tripod
stands for the mirrors. The entire ap-
paratus does not weigh over ten. pounds
and can easily be carried over the arm
When the air is clear, signals may be
easily taken by the naked eye at dis
tance of 100 miles, and by an expert
at the rate of fifteen words a minute.
Union gazette. [volume] (Corvallis, Benton County, Or.) 1899-1900, 1900-03-16
Decorates His Burial Lot.

Probably the strangest hobby In the
world Is that Of Henry Woodbridge, OF
Mayield, Ky, who devotes all his
money and time to developing his plot
in the local cemetery in a way which
is as grotesque as 1t is, happily. orig
inal. His first modest and. laudable
effort was to erect a plain monument
to mark the family resting place; Not
satisfied with this, however, he added
to 1t white marble shaft, bearing on
its face relief presentment of himself
on horseback.
Having thus struck the personal note.
'Uncle Henry" as be is Familiarity
called, had life-slzed statue of him
self erected at cost of E2OO. He then
introduced statues Of his mother and
eldest brother, to be followed shortly
by similar statues in Indiana limestone
of favorite niece and of young girl
who had brought him flowers during
an illness.
His next ambition was to see himself
on horseback, and the family gathering
was augmented by a life-sized statue
of "Uncle Henry on his favorite horse.
Then followed presentlnents Ia stone
of his favorite deerhound. TOW Head
chasing deer; another of a fox pur-
sued by his foxhound. "Bob." and a
marble sarcophagus with carved rep
resentation Of his favorite gun.
The latest additions have been sta
tues of three of his brothers In the
stiffest of poses and the most prosaic
of dress. AS Uncle Henry" although
Is years old, is still hale and more en-
thusiastic than ever. it is certain that
this strange menagerie will receive
many more additions before he sleeps
in the oldest environment with which
eccentricity ever surrounded a dead
man.-Tid-Bits.
Union gazette. [volume] (Corvallis, Benton County, Or.) 1899-1900, 1900-03-16

flash, is sent out. These flashes are
read by the person at the receiving end
with the ease of a telegraph operator
taking message. The heliograph was
invented in 1921 by Gauss, who used 1t
as a signal in the measurement of an
giles. The longer the line the larger
must be the disk. The longest line thus
far observed is 1872 miles. which was
observed in California, and required
mirror of seyenty-seven square inches
in area. Ordinary heliotropes used on
lines less than fifty miles in length are
only about two square inches in area.
For it's successful operation clear at
mosphere is necessary. Two hours be-
fore sunset is the most favorable time.
The military value of the photographic
method of transmitting information
may be readily imagined. Its first ad-
vantage is its extreme simplicity. 1t
does not necessltate the keeping open Of
lines of communion ton, there are no
wires to protect. no batteries to look
Union gazette. [volume] (Corvallis, Benton County, Or.) 1899-1900, 1900-03-16
How a Duke Earned sixpence.


How the Duke of Norfolk. one of the
richest of England's peers. earned his
first sixpence is related by his friends
with great deal of gusto.
A few years ago a large English
party headed by the Duke went on
continental tour. The Duke busted him
self very much on the journey in a
kind hearted way about the welfare or
everyone in the party. At every sta
ton he used to get out and go round to
see If he could do anything for anyone.
One old lady, who did not know him
when she arrived at last In Rome,
tired and hot, found great difficulty in
getting porter. So she seized on the
Duke. "Now, my good man," she said.
1--WE noticed you at all these stations
loafing about. Just make yourself for
once in your life. Take my bag and find
me a cab" The Duke mildly did as he
was bid and was rewarded with six
pence. THANK you. madam" he said:
81 shall prize this indeed! 1t is the first
coin have ever earned in my life"
Union gazette. [volume] (Corvallis, Benton County, Or.) 1899-1900, 1900-03-16
HIS IDEAL WOMAN,

Not So Much of an Angel as a Sympa-
thetic, A1I-ForRiving Human.
"Man has a number of fixed, old
fashioned notions about the ideal wom-
an which are quite apart from ques-
lions of complexion and Dress" writes
Carrie f. Garrett in the Woman's
Home Companion.
The sober truth Is that while men
may seek diversion with the more
snowy, fiippant type of girl. and are
often caught by mere glitter, they have
an ideal far. far above this cheap type
which is imperishable. A man does not
picture completely limp and charac-
terless creature as his souls ideal, how
ever sweet Yet the woman as she
appears in his dreams Is not too clever.
1t is n pleasure to him to be a little
superior to his mate-to be looked up
to'-and as the true woman desires to
Union gazette. [volume] (Corvallis, Benton County, Or.) 1899-1900, 1900-03-16

is established an inhala tion of an ex-
ceptional intensity, because the center
of Inhalation. instead of being outside
is in the midst of the respiratory or
gans. At the end Of few hours the
nedicament injected is absorbed. enters
he blood, and leaves the system by the
ungs, influencing them for the second
time.
NJ. Mendel continues these injections
daily for month at least. The daily
dose is ten cubic centimeters. He has
tried the treatment on fifty patients, of
whom forty-fve were tuberculous and
the rest non-tuberculous bronchitis.
asthma and pulmonary congestion).
and obtained numerous as well as last
ing successes in the form of the cessa-
ton of coughing and expectoration, the
return of appetite, sleep and strength.
and an increase in weight.
What is especially curious and upsets
Union gazette. [volume] (Corvallis, Benton County, Or.) 1899-1900, 1900-03-16
Queen victoria's Three Crowns.

Queen Victoria has three crowns,
none of which is used except on extra
ordinary occasions. The crown which
she wore in the last grand reception
weighs eight ounces. 1t is of pure gold
and set with 2,673 diamonds and with
523 rubies. The other two crowns are
simple bands of gold, each set with
gorgeous jewels. 1t is one of these lat
ter crowns which is worn when the
Queen opens PUarliament. When she
appears in the House of Lords the large
crown is taken from it's place among
the crown jewels in the tower of Lon
don and borne on velvet cushion
ahead of the Queen.
Union gazette. [volume] (Corvallis, Benton County, Or.) 1899-1900, 1900-03-16
THE WOMEN OF SPAIN.

Interesting Statistics as to Their Social
and intellectual Condition.
A great deal has been written about
Spanish men, but think one may find
4 truer key to Spanish character by
taking a glimpse Of the misery Of the
Spanish women. doubt If the Spanish
woman is any better off than the Turk
ish woman, and while American wom-
en- are not clamoring for conflict, the
fact remains that the taking Of Spain
from the European geography might
prive great step in advance for the
women Of that land.
1t appears from an official document
which came my way the other day that
but 2.63G,615 Spanish women can read
or write This fraction Is almost as big
as the male army that knows its own
language 1t Is pitiful showing, but
1t is only the beginning of the table Of
female -wretchedness. The municipali-
ties list 81 ,946 professional beggars who
wear petticoats. Then there are $685.
531 women who earn their living by
working in the farm fields. There are
1886 women rated as day servants.
who get but little more than board and
shelter for their work, and in all the
dying dynasty there are but 10000
girls In the schools of any kind, public
or private. There are twice as many
female mendicants as male. The CEN
sus shows that 6,764 ,406 women have
neither professions nor trades. and are
altogether dependent upon cnarity. the
possibility of getting married or hard
labor at starvation wages.
The same lamentable condition of the
Spanish woman Is shown by glance
at another side of her life. The king
dom has but seventy-four women
classed as literary writers. There are
but seventy-eight women physicians in
the mother country and all the prov
inces. The women school teachers
number only Ii, 400, as compared with
24,612 men, but this does not include
the nuns. who are classed by them
selves, and number 28,549.
:. Spanish women who are fortunate
live in the most magnificent homes and
seem never to bother their heads about
the poorer sisters at their doors. The
favorite resort for the grande senoras
is San Sebastian, and the lives the care
less Spanish women of fashion lead
there during the summer Is said to be
a scandal over all Europe. There is
scarcely pretense at propriety or even
ordinary conveutionality. AS in France,
q majority Of the young girls Of the
best families are educated in the con-
vents. Their greatest accomplishment
is embroidery, and they sit and sit and
sit at their knitting until some man
from an ancient and bankrupt house or
a bull-raising plantation comes along
and marries them. Club life is un-
known. Marriages are celebrated very
early in life, and but few people who
get weary of these early alliances ever
go to the trouble and formality Of get
ting a divorce. The unhappy couples
simply divide up the household things
and live the balance of their lives the
best way they can.
Spanish women, so / have found, have
very little outdoor amusement. The
bicycle is just beginning to be admitted,
but under protest. The young women
love their queen next to pretty frocks
and 'glittering fans and bright ribbons.
They nock y the cruel shows In the
Union gazette. [volume] (Corvallis, Benton County, Or.) 1899-1900, 1900-03-16

deny the charges. This episode further
diminished his popularity. The repu-
tation Of Mr.. Davis as an orator had
spread into the national field, and he
was engaged to stump Missouri for Mr.
Mckinley. Upon the election of tn.
President Mr.. Davis had come to b
called "the administration orator
Following the election there came
period of inactivity for the orator until
1897, when, under Secretary Bliss, he
was made assistant secretary of the
interior. During all his career 1t has
been admitted on all sides that his
claim to attention Is his ability to hold
large audiences. He Is emotional, tear
full. but his speeches do not read SO
well.
Union gazette. [volume] (Corvallis, Benton County, Or.) 1899-1900, 1900-03-16
HELIOGRAPH IN WAR.
MESSAGES SENT BY A SYSTEM
OF SUN FLASHING.
Little Instrument of Ancient Invention
Has Played an Important Part In the
South African War-Used by General
Miles in Indian Campaigns.

The heliotrope, or heliograph, has
played an important part in the South
African war. With this little instru-
ment the light of the sun is used to con-
vey intelligence to points far distant.
Communication between places many
miles apart can be set up by Its use.
The mirror used has a small eyehole
cut into the quicksilver, through which
the distant station is located. The mir
ror disk is turned by means of Morse
key, and in answering the key dot or
a dash, in the way Of long or short
Union gazette. [volume] (Corvallis, Benton County, Or.) 1899-1900, 1900-03-16

almost impossible engineering feat, they
have imagined prodigious novelty, the
ship elevator and the moving lock.
The ship elevator is great metallic
reservoir that moves up and down hill on
a great number Of railway tracks. oper-
ated much after the manner of a funicu-
lar. There will be one at the top of the
slope, another at the bottom. Each will
receive ship. The weight of the light
est will be balanced by the addition of
more water. Then, the equilibrium being
attained, q comparatively moderate force
will be sufficient to disturb 1t. Up will
Union gazette. [volume] (Corvallis, Benton County, Or.) 1899-1900, 1900-03-16

go one reservoir. and down he other.
Nothing could be simpler.
When ordinary locks are to be used
the same principle Of metallic basins bal
ancing each other, side by side, is to be
exploited. for. the sake of expedition.
They are 10 be such locks as the world
has never seen. Once through them and
into the Aude river, it will be plain tow
ing straight to Narbonne, which is almost
on the Mediterranean. Here is another
naturally protected port, like Arcachon. a
great basin, impenetrable by a hostile
feet.
Union gazette. [volume] (Corvallis, Benton County, Or.) 1899-1900, 1900-03-16

leadership he once held over his people.
He bears no hatred for the white men,
but, on the contrary, has taken deep
interest in their affairs, and his keen
speeches have often helped to turn the
tide of public events. In his old age
he has found the philosophers stone of
true happiness. 81 am the most con-
tented of men," he said recently, "be-
cause long ago made up my mind it
was mo use crying for split milk as
you white men say" That is the phil
osophy which has allowed him to be-
come old He never Worries
Union gazette. [volume] (Corvallis, Benton County, Or.) 1899-1900, 1900-03-16
Color in Medical Practice.

The use of colors as part of medi-
cal treatment Is not new one. Red
light, for example, has been recently
advocated in the treatment of measles
and smallpox. Jean Gaddesden cured
the son Of Henry l., King of England,
of smallpox by surrounding the Prince
with scarlet, clothing him in scarlet as
well as all his attendants, and having
red carpets and hangings in the room.
well that his face was not even SCARED.
Union gazette. [volume] (Corvallis, Benton County, Or.) 1899-1900, 1900-03-16
INDIAN JACK.

Last of the Royal Pi1chucks Lives Near
Snohomish, Wash.
Near Snohomish. Wash, lives "ln-
dian Jack" in calm content. When he
dies the Pilchuck Tribe will be extinct,
but he watches the passing of day af-
ter day without sigh of regret for
the past glories of his race or the firm
Union gazette. [volume] (Corvallis, Benton County, Or.) 1899-1900, 1900-03-16
yield Of three pounds of silk, worth 81

yield Of three pounds of silk, worth 81
per pound. 1t is further said that with
proper appliances attached to the
trunks of the trees for the worms to
spin their cocoons in, not much time
would be expended In gathering the
product, which would equal the apple
proceeds Of tree at IS cents a barrel
However, the worm might be improved
so as to produce finer grade of silk.
and in the end the result would be that
the silk would be more profitable than
the apple.
Union gazette. [volume] (Corvallis, Benton County, Or.) 1899-1900, 1900-03-16

bull rings and laugh and cheer at the
horrible spectacles. They show no more
pity than an American girl bestows up
on the dashing hardships which the
average tennis player or the golfer un--
dergoes when he performs in broiling
sun to amuse her.-Chicago Times.
Herald.