The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1900-08-29

cotton seed meal STANDS at the nead OF
all heterogeneous by-products. 1t is more
effective than corn or bran or flax meal
or any other by-product OF the mills. Ine
fertility of southern fields can be recover
ed by growing grasses and feeding them
TO grazing cattle, with cotton seed meal
as a grain ration. The Southern farmer
should not permit single pound of this
food to go anywhere else in the world.
Northern people who have abundance OF
cheap corn find it profitable to feed it.
Peonle in foreign countries, who make
meats and dairy products to compete with
ours in the worlds markets. find it
nroftahle to feed it, But it is just as
wise for the Southern producer to utilize
his cotton seed meal at home as 1t is TO
h,;ld factories to work up the fiber OF
the plant.
The superior flavor and high quality OF
tho choice varieties of European table
cranes have long tempted fruit growers
10 undertake their production IN the
Eastern United States. Experiments
along this line have been conducted at
various places from time to time since the
DAVIS of the earliest settlers. THESE eX-
neriments have almost invariably re-
shifted in failure and the death OF the
vines within a few years after planning.
The exact causes of failure are not clear
ly understood. In some regions the prln-
cipal cause was undoubtedly the
phvlloxera, a minute insect, which does
its worst injury to the root on tine vine,
in others the failure was probably due to
the severity of the winters, and in still
others there is now reason to belleVe
that the principal cause of failure was
the prevalence of fungous diseases, such
as black rot and mildew, which damage
both foliage and fruit, and which, if left
unchecked ultimately cause the death OF
the vine. The discovery that by grating
on Phylloxera-resistant American stocks
the ravages OF that insect can be pre-
vented, has removed one element of doubt
from the problem. Whether by thorough
and systematic spraying with fungicdes
the troublesome diseases may be kept in
control at cost sufficiently low to war
rant the effort, is now the subject of a
cooperative test in the vineyard of DR..
B. Won Herff, near Southern Pines, under
the direction of the Division of Pomology
At the same time all varieties likely to
be found valuable, either because of the
superior quality of their fruit or their
/
for testing. About $50 such varieties are
now under test and more have been or
dered for planting the coming season.
About. forty varieties grated on Niagara
stocks are in fruit this year and but for
the intense heat and drouth which pre-
vailed at the most critical period of the
season it is believed that the possibility
of production of choice fruit of several
sorts would have been demonstrated this
season.
1t is not considered probable that these
varieties, if successful will supplant the
standard native sorts like Delaware and
| Niagara now so largely grown in North
| Carolina, but rather that they will salts
| fly demand for fruit of superior quality
| in the large city markets at higher prices
| and in this way make greater diversif-
| cation of fruit crops possible. The CHI
matte conditions existing in the sand hill
region of North and South Carolina are
| believed to be more favorable to these
grapes than most other sections, and it
| is for this reason that the experiment
was located in the former State. SINH
lar test is being made in Florida. and a
| few small paintings in other States.
| The Southern States are turning their
| attention to manufacturing. Raw ma
| terials of many kinds are so abundant
| that it must be profitable to manufacture
| them where they are found. The field, the
| forest and the mine furnish such ma
| teral in very great abundance. A large
per cent. of Southern workers will in flu
ture devote their lives to manufacturing
| There will be home demand created fol
| M n no ia ptn o.
| and shops The farmer will find a home
| market, which is the best of all markets
| grains meats, dairy products fruits, etc
| will be produced much more profitably in
the South in the future than in the past
The grass plant will be found the read
lest and most valuable agent for main
| tanning the fertility of the soil, and the
! cheapest basis of all farm products
Recognizing this, the Department OF Agri-
culture is giving special attention ant
| study to the introduction of suitable
| grasses from all parts OF the old world
| into the several States of the union. The
last session of Congress increased very
considerably our appropriation for the
! study Of grasses, enabling us to enter
| into cooperation with the experiment
| stations OF the States and with individual
| farmers of an inquiring turn of mind
| The vast cattle ranges of the west have
| been overstocked. The grasses have beer
destroyed, and many States west of the
| Missouri river maintain less than fifty
| per cent. Of the cattle heretofore found
| there. There is not, up to this time
any Indication of a change in the pro-
| cesses that are destroying the grasses 81
| the ranges. This is one of the reasons
/ why meats are higher and will continue
| higher Beef and mutton can be pro-
duced on the farms east of the Missouri
river, and will be so produced.
| All the States east and south of the
| Allegheny mountains will find gradual
| lessening of the severe competition thai
! has heretofore existed between their
productions of the great valley turn west
ward more and more, to find markets in
| the mountain States, on the Pacific coast
and in the far Orient, this competition
that has kept down the prices of farm
products east of the Allegheny mountains
| ever since railroads entered the MISSISSIPPI
| pi Valley, will be gradually lessened.
So that we find two influences at work