The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1900-05-08
PRICE FIVE CHNE4.

which the country is opened up The
railroads are run and controlled entirely
by the Government, and as a result we
find $500 miles of railroad with a capital
the largest in the world per capita OF
the 15,OOO,OOo acres of claimed land the to-
.al acreage of planted crops is 34S,ooO.
runs OF wheat there is planted 4OOo0
acres; corn or maize, as they call it, l2O-
Voo acres; potatoes, 1000 acres; sugar
1aQ,ooo acres Same as the corn acreage):
miscellaneous products, $1,000 acres So
we see from these figures t..ere is gem
efal agricultural production that has
taken GaaI nrm root root and is spreading over the
Colonies The Colonies are not depend
ing upon one crop. 1t is a self-sustain-
ing group of colonies. Going from the
Throps, th II VIII be interesting to look at
IN the number of animals there There are
200 ,OC0 sheep or 40 sheep per capita; g.
1o,VOO mead OF cattle, or IL head per capi-
1a fVooioUo for .ho horses s got the price of
cents; the laborers' wives that were in
thesshops paid only cents; they thought
twice before they paid cents. The meat
we are using in HONOLULU saw it in the
yards; saw 1t fed; saw it killed and
dressed, and saw 1t placed aboard of the
vessel, all in the interest of Honolulu: so
you can see We have all the necessaries
or life at the very lowest prices.
As to Sugar Lands.
Now as to sugar and sugar lands The
latter vary in price from $40 to Sis per
acre; sale was realized while | was
there at $l2O. The sugar estates were
originally very large, but they were in
the hands of a very few persons. Under
this system of control the estates soon
beSan to run down. / don't mean to say
because they We're conducted and owned
by large capital, but they ran down and
they could not hold them. They were
then cut up and made into number of
small farms, and today it is the excep-
ton lthere are only two that l am cog
nizant of for estates to be handing the
sugar output. These small farms vary
IrCm thirty to one hundred acres each.
l FOUND that most of the farmers had
ed now mostly by the farmers. The Gov
ernment opened up large tracts of land
IN the vicinity of the old estate mills, SO
that it could be taken up by the small
farpers. The land was taken the de-
poslt made to the Government and they
nave become the owners of the lands
inos Sc men now are growing cane for the
mills, and for the central or Government
mills. These were made possible by an
Act OF Parliament. The Government
built the mills with the UNDERSTANDING
that the farmers We're not only growing
the cane for them, but that they should
tex share in the mills, and eventual
farmers are doing this, paying for their
pro rata of interest. and each year they
a are seeking to pay off the principal
mere are now not fewer than l. 200 white
farmers upon these divided estates
Suppose we take Eva for instance as
large gee. estate Today in place of the
would be forty or fifty farmers houses
scattered over the whole estate, thirty to
nifty acres belonging to each farmer
About the Farmers.
Il visited these farmers to meet the
men as they were. They are the chief
factors. l was s,onished to ind what
pretty homes they had. The chief thing
large family of each farmer, averaging
ahout nine; that is the secret of The way
the country is growing. The farmer
must nave laborers, and that IS supplied
| by South Sea Islanders, or kanakas A
man has four hanakas for 81 acres; for
! lol acres, " kanakas. 1he number of
kanakas allowed by the Government to
farmer Is relative to the number of
acres of cane. The Government steps
| lnlo this matter. 1t is by permission of
! the Government that the hanakaS are
brought in, and having brought them in
the government stIpulates how they shall
! be used.
der contract. he clauses of the con-
tract are very strict. 1ne Government
stipulates how they snan be ted. they
must have every Gay at least one pound
/ pounds. They must receive 50 MANY
SUITS of clothing Tor the cool months and
SO many for the warm months, and have
meoloal care. 1t also r.g.uly supuiates
| that they shall not be PROVIDED with in
tcXlcaung liquors, and whoever sells It
to them loses his license; the Govern
menL also provides that so much tobac-
, co shall be allowed the labOrer
AS TO me hours OF labor, l cannot he
exact. The working hours system IN
| Queensland is very faulty. The colo
nlsts are later riserS, L beleve, but late
! retlrers. / have seen the plantation la
borers returning from the held at live in
the evening. he mineral products can
not be worked upon by the hanakas. So
strICt are the regulations III regard to
the kanakas that one of them cannot
drlVe a wagon Loaded with cane, upon
public roaG. If the labor inspector catches
! him there he IS arrested and it goes hard
with hls employer; he is not allowed near
the centrltugalS, and is not allowed to
4 even cross public road unless accompa-
/ MED by white man.
There is not sufficient rain for the
! cane, and yet they 90 i.CL attempt to use
the river water. l know of three rivers
running in cane districts which are an
touched or used in any way to supply ir-
rlSation for the cane farms.
In comparison with Hawaii, the arm
OF labor here is essentially Asla,.c. The
areas for cultivation are extremely linn
tied. l don't see any room in these ISL
amos for the development of other agri-
cultural products; there is no room for
expansion except in the larger production
OF sugar cane in the same areas. There
fore, comparing the two countries and
speaking specifically of Hawaii, the Ha-
waian system of labor is Asiatic. Out of
plantations. OF the 1900 Portuguese not
1000 do plantation work. The bulk Of
/ the laborers are Japanese and Chinese
and the Japanese predominate. This
system has grown out of natural condi-
| tons. When sugar began to be grown
here the native would not work at it.
( Capital had to look abroad for its labor
ers. and by arrangements between China
and Japan with Hawaii, the AsiatiCs
| were brought here. To a certain exten
! the use of white men on the plantation:
| has proven unsuccessful. The growing
| OF cane by the small farmers here is 10y
! the Japanese. He is a complete success,
at it So when other men stand up ard
| condemn the system of labor in Hawai-.
| we must take the stand that this s}s, n
has grown out of natural conditions. My
view is that these natural conditions con-
troll the economic conditions OF which tire
| labor question is only one factor. 1h,
| economic conditions must be made to fit
| the natural conditions"