davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1900-06-30
Ii HUNG CHANG is AGAIN IN
CHlNAS fORE-GROUND.
Spend His Last Days Solitude but His
Dear Friend, the IMPRESS, Says She Nants Him.

with touch; he told of underground
processes by which city is supplied with
drainage. 1t was like u fairy tale, and
Ii Hung Chang vowed that he would
make a visit to that land some day and
see it all for himself.
HIS CALL HERE.
By the time the Old Chmaman was
ready to come to this country his visitor
had died. but the faithful old fellow
journeyed to his tomb, knelt before it.
and doubtless asked the spirit OF the
famous man to guide him through his
tour of discovery in America. There are
pictures yet of Ii Hung Chang at the
tomb of Grant.
One of these is preserved side by side
with a picture of General Grant and the
Chinese Statesman, taken. in China
twenty years ago.
This, and his fondness for the Empress,
have been the two loves of Ii Hung
Chang's life, except his fondness for his
first wife, which has lived through all
the uncertainties of Mongolianism. But
the feeling for the Empress is strongest,
and will last until Lis eyes are closed
In this connection it may be stated
that there has been a deal of gossip in
China. 1t was said at one time that
the Empress had fed from Pekin and
Ii Hung Chang with her. Investigation
proved that Her Majesty had indeed left
the city and Ii had gone with her, but
in the party were hundreds of retainers,
including nearly the whole of the Chinese
cabinet of advisers; SO the tooth of
Islander was dulled.
LOVES THE EMPRESS.
The dear lady is now in trouble, and
Lii, arousing himself from such apathy
as comes after a life of hard work, is
Of bor1 aUafp IN occict bp1
He coaches her before the meeting OF
her advisory board, sustains her views
receives foreign representatives, and
from dawn until night comforts and sus-
tains his Queen of the Heavens.
The title which the Empress bestows
on her Councillor is not known. His real
name, with worldly titles, is Ii Hung
Chang, Ambassador, Senior Guardian of
the Heir Apparent, Prime Minister of
State and Earl of the First Rank with
the title of Suy. This is the correct name
and title of the man who under the less
respectful designation of Ii Hung Chang,
has become one of the most distinguished
of personages.
When he was in this country those
who knew it all declared that the proper
method of addressing the visitor was
| Chang, this being his family name;
others declared that Hung was better, as
showing the branch of the family TO
which he belonged. But it was noticed
! that his Chinese compatriots spoke of
him as Ii; and that he was known as
Ii in the Chinatowns.
The man who can thus play at being
an Emperor is interesting. Ii Hung
Chang comes of worthy, but not distin-
guished parentage. His father passed
the civil-service examinations which in
China are the badge of gentleness and
the letters patent of nobility, but he
never held an official position.
Ii Hung Chang was born in the Anu
Huei Province on Feb. 16, 1923. He
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1900-06-30

Ii Hung Chang is in the foreground
again. Since his sensational trip here
in August, 1896, little has been heard
of him. From time to time came rumors
that he was either i'll or out of power,
the changes taking place with a rapidity
that must have tried the constitution Of
the aged diplomat right to his very nerve
centres.
Four years ago his yellow jacket and
his three-eyed peacock feather were taken
away from him; then came a rumor that
even his two-eyed head was in danger,
But the Empress, who had always loved
Ii, executed a coup which restored him,
while it placed herself on the throne.
During the last two years Ii Hung
Chang, though apparently quiescent, was
understood to exercise a decided rule
over the Celestial Kingdom, rising grad
ually in power and in rank. The favor
of the Empress was bestowed upon him
in a great degree, and the opinion Of the
press and the people. once hostile, be-
came more friendly. Yes, in his old age,
Ii Hung Chang was rising again.
The very latest news is that the aged
statesman is again the ruler of China,
occupying the same place which he for
merly occupied long before the young
Emperor cane into reign. He sits at
the right hand Of the Empress, eats at
her table. talks with her, advises her.
and is the all-in-all which every ruler is
supposed to possess.
CHINA'S TROUBLES.
The trouble in China with the Boxers
is only one of the many differences from
which the Celestial Kingdom is suffer
ing. There is the difficulty with foreign
residents, which is very threatening, and
in which the Boxers are taking a hand.
There is the trouble with England, which
disturbance with the United States, and
more than all comes the fierce struggle
with Russia and it is this last which
may disrupt China if she is not cautious,
and caution has never been one of her
attributes.
Ii Hung Chang is at the head of
China's defences, and will be the man
upon whom the war will fall heaviest; its
issues will make or mar him, if a man of
seventy-seven can be made or married!
When Ii Hung Chang was in this
country he distinguished himself by the
oddIty of his actions rather than by the
brilliancy of his observations. Yet his
logic was sound and his reasoning good.
The trouble was that he had stepped
into a country which was a thousand
years ahead of China, and dazed by the
newness of all he saw, this Celestial
Rip Van Wrinkle looked around. asked
questions, and was scholar instead of
teacher.
Back in the life Of Ii Hung Chang
there once upon a time occurred a ro-
nance. A gentleman visited China from
another country, and taking Ii Hung
Chang by the hand, told him through
an interpreter that he was glad to see
him. He asked him about himself. and
when the old Chinaman had answered
the visitor told him about his OWL
country.
He described cars that run by steam
he told him of great ships without sails
he described lights that sprang into fame
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1900-06-30

sides, decided to settle the matter once
and for all. An expedition was at once
sent out with instructions to make the
researches as thorough as possible, and
the result of this investigation may be
seen in the official chart recently issued
by the office.
While the photographic Office stamps
the chart with its official mark, the man
who is responsible for the line is Pro-
fessor George Davidson, president of the
Geographical Society of the Pacific
While occupying the chair of geog-
raphy in the University of California,
Professor Davidson was Intercepted
about the international date line" and
the difficulty that he found in answering
the question determined him to make
an investigation of his own He had
been at work scarcely more than six
months when the photographic Office
commissioned him to prepare its official
chart
NO GENERAL LAW.
Professor Davidson soon discovered
the navigators had been wrong in the
supposition that the date line followed
closely the 1S0th meridian. In fact, as
the line has not been determined by any
international agreement, each island or
group of islands had its own usage-a
usage that had in instances been changed
several times, either by the local govern
ment, a distant sovereign, or by the
steamship companies on which the
islanders relied for communication with
the outside world.
1t might be said, each community had
been a law unto itself, and as there had
J been no official agreement among the
! islands the term international date line"
could not appropriately be used.
In determining upon a date line Pro
| fessor Davidson came down between 81
| IBERIA and Alaska, and then swung out
to the westward of the 1S0th meridian
in the North Pacific in order to clear the
uttermost Aleuthian Islands and asso-
ciate them with the American continent.
Just north of the tropic of cancer there
is large group of reefs and small isl
ands long known as the Morrel group,
which are also associated with the
American time. From this point the
boundary follows a straight line to the
south until it approaches the Ellice ISL
ands on the other side of the equator.
The line then slants away to the south
! eastward so as to connect the Tonga
or Friendly group with the Asiatic sys-
tenn, and attaching Samoa to the Ameri-
| can. Among the other places that are
thus associated with Hawaii and the
American system are the flaming and
Christmas Islands and the Phoenix and
Union groups.
Such, then, is the date line Of the Hy-
geographic Office, and as this is the line
that will undoubtedly be followed by
mariners the world over it is quite safe
to hazard the opinion that it will not be
long before it comes to be regarded as the
international date line.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1900-06-30

command. -'oreign metnotis were adopt
ed, foreign appliances were utilized, for
eign tactics We're followed: " ard, the
American sailor, and Gordon, the Eng
fish soldier, became ieutenants of the
Chinese General, and the great rebellion
was suppressed. Ward died leading an
assault upon the enemy, and Gordon
succeeded him. Ward is not even re
membered in America; Gordon is one of
England's lamented heroes. and when h.
last visited London Ii Hung Chang
journeyed to the tomb of his old lieute
ant and paid a touching tribute to the
dead soldier.
From the moment of the overthrow of
the TAPPING rebels Ii Hung Changes
star was in the ascendant The yellow
jacket was presented to him and he was
appointed Il Niceroy.
Since then Ii Hung Chang has been
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1900-06-30

studied and successfully passed all the
grades, earning distinguished honors in
the final contest. He became a member
of the Hanlin College-the Chinese
counterpart of the French Academy.
1t was as soldier that he made his
entrance into the Government service.
The TAPPING rebellion. one of the most
formidable revolts ever declared against
the Min dynasty, began about the time
Lii Hung Chang ended his student days.
Patriotism moved the young man, and
at the head of a regiment of militia he
entered the field.
History has recorded the several steps
by which Ii Hung Chang rose to a chief
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1900-06-30

the neck, where the cold air gets ready
access to the body. Could not a more
comfortable AID healthy dress be de-
vised for men!
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1900-06-30

The fact that the dawn of the twentieth
century is an event that is but a few
months distant, even for those who do
not think it has already begun, has been
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1900-06-30

diversity of opinion on the part of Their
makers and, not long ago. the United
States photographic Office, over which
Rear-Admiral Royal B. Bradford pre-
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1900-11-04

Ferous combination possible to elect to
The two highest offices in the
gift of the pc pie have been selected
William Mckinley, man of mediocre
ability whose every act has been marked
by self-seeking regardless OF principle
and Theodore Roosevelt. whose "stren-
uous' aggressiveness would be constant
menace. We ask our fellow countrymen
to pause before committing the destin es
OF our beloved country to such COM
bination. Mr.. Mckinley has TRANSFORMED
a war of liberation into a war of subJu-
CATION Cuba is under military rule Porto
Rico under a medieval satrapy, the Phil
ippines ground by the iron heel of despot-
ism, and an American army OF occupation
In China. These several acts have cost
the United States a billion of dollars,
many precious lives and, worse than all,
the loss of our National ideals. Add Mr.
Roosevelt to Mr. Mckinley and what will
be the result? We can see only career
of slaughter, OF devastation and of decay,
murder and raplne abroad and disturb
ances and misery at home. Such has ever
been the bloody course Of empire. The
few al the top may have temporary homo,
riches and glory. The vast middle I'd
poorer classes will have degradation. pow
erty and shame. Mark the contrast In the
democratic nominees. II is conceded that
speech is one OF the greatest State papers
ever written. and that he Is man I
principle. Mr.. Stevenson is a mature.
conservative and experienced statesman,
whose advice must be OF great assistant e
to Mr.. Bryan in all emergencies.
The fact that such eminent and con-
sentative statesmen as Ex-Governor an 4
ex-Secretary Boutwell,, ex-Secretary
Scburz, ex-secretary olney, ex-Sec-
rotary Judson Harmon, ex-senator
Henderson, Senator wellington and a host
Of others who opposed MIR, Bryan four
years ago. are supporting him now, proves
that imperialism Is the paramount. nay
the only issue, An eminent repub,i lean
has said that all other issues are to It as
''billows that will pass under the ship. -
but that IL the course OF Mckinleys ad-
ministration should be Endorsed IL would
be the beginning of the end OF the Re-
public"
With confidence in the integrity and
/ patriotism OF our countrymen we appeal
to them to preserve the Republic by the
election Of Bryan, and Stevenson and Z
democratic congress TO sustain them
Signed on behalf OF the league,
William Birney, Honorary President.
w w Bride, Secretary.
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1900-11-04

Santiago. and Dewey likewise has come
in for his share Of insults,
We are willing To conceded that Will
lam Mckinley is simply a weak man.
but he is so preposterously weak that
he is not the man to be trusted with
the reins OF government for four years
more His administration is thoroughly
permeated with monopoly influence. SO
completely un American so entirely I'M
businesslke, SO wholly dishonest that the
American people have learned to. de-
test H.
Nothing Is to be gained by personal
assault upon a candidate, such as the ad-
ministration press is in the habit OF max
ing upon Mr. Bryan. Newspapers on
posed TO Mr.. Mckinley viii not indulge
in those personal attacks. At the same
time they can not avoid calling things
bv their right names While conceding
to Mr. Mckinley personally good lnten-
tions thew can not overlook the fact that
pied the White House. and they would
be false to their duty II they failed TO
attack the monstrous wrongs that have
grown up and fourlshed under this weak
and vacillatlne executive.
No man in the history NJ this coun-
try has been more thoroughly misreprc-
scented than Mr.. BRYAN has been BY the
administration press The newspapers
that support Mr. Bryan Nj At least r..
serve the right TO tell the truth about
Mr.. Mckinley. md It Is very likely tina,
before the campaign closes tho feelings
OF the administration press will he con-
siderably ruffed by statements of facts
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1900-11-04
" lLlAM M'KlNLEY.

New York Journal.
Personally and at heart Mr. Mckinley
Is not bad man. Governed by his own
impulses, severed from the conscience
less coterie which seems to contamlnate
every part of his administration MT
Mckinley would make fewer MISTAKES
and would make a better record lhah he
has made and is now making.
But Mr. Mckinley is weak man. ana
since he has assumed the presidential OIL
fee he has been governed by strong men
We have never had an administrator
that has been so indifferent to pubic
interests, so partial to corporation auVah-
taga so mean and petty in the attltuue
toward men whom 1t could not control
as the administration over which "Hi'""
Mckinley presides. ~
We have never had an administrators
so hypocritical as the Mckinley auii''n
tration.
VIZ have never had an administration
an thoroughly un-Amerlcan as tue NC
Kinley administration.
We have never mad an administration
that so persstently defes the OeS'
a,t,ons and the pest sentiments oil tne
American people as the Mchlhie! "u'N
istration has done s.s nave
under this administration of
90 ranidlv multiplied that thousands Va
On wno supported the republican tieAet
In 1896 on the trust question a'o"e
rompelled to desert that ticket
Pretending to favor eivli sest,v mas
form, the Mckinney adnilniS'
almost destroyed II. ,in,stra-
pretendtng to be business auinlnlS
49, - has so arranged the war taAes
that those least able to 90 50 pay t,,id
VIE those upon whom the loau snV
have taIlen have avoiaed the puiuen :,
pratending TO represent the party %
Abraham lincoln William Mchihley "p
nroyed a treaty that reeoshlneu ,'os =,
and polygamy, Lincoln tNla tinted
barbarism," in terrltory
States Jurisdiction ~ ,s rasnon-
III Tor me statement that a conspiracy
=. On toot whereby this administrator
shoSI Violate the pledge made BY the
United states to the people OF CUBA
On certain day the president sent
message 10 congress in wnicn ne au.v.
Gated free trade for Porto rico,
aitbin six weeks he was quietly Worklnt
49,, .l,a nassnre OF a bill that directly
s sOr Su. With his recommendation to
congress. ,,,.,ra,Ion IN,
people OF Cuba have been piunderea an
robbed BY men appointed to othee oy ina
administration. ,ts,ra,,o,
Under the Mckinley administratioi
Great Britain has found good ssa r, n
believe that the American governnon y
r,.s partial TO the empire. udf the peo
ME OF south Africa have had no reaso
~ think that the American government
was partial to the republic
The administration has relentlessiy as
sailed WINFIELD Scott Schley, the hero
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1900-11-04
TO AMERICAN VOTERS.
An Address from the National Anti
ImpcrinIist League.

To American Voters Irrespective OF Past
Party Affliatlon.
In the opinion of the Anti-Imperialist
league Of Washington, D. c., the most
momentous political event OF American
history is at hand. The 6th of November
next will mark the perpetuation of a
Republic in its glorious career, or the
allegation OF the Declaration of Inde-
pendence, Of the constitution and of the
proclamation abolishing slavery. Who
ever votes for Mckinley and Roosevelt. no
matter what may be his intention. WI
as a matter OF fact, register his opinion
that governments do not derive their ia /
powers from the consent of the governed .
that peoples may be ruled without con-
gtitution and that slavery may exist under
the Jurisdiction OF the United States. Are
there many Americans prepared 10 aban-
don the glorious traditions OF the Re-
public for the debauchlng aud degradn :
tenets of Imperialism? Are the descend
ants especially OF the men of 1888 and
the descendants and survivors OF the men
/ Of 81 'e5 so disposed? We think not.
Located in the National capital we
have had unusual facilities for observing
the course OF empire pursued by the pres
emit administration, under the blanaish-
uents of European solicitation and the
pressure Of domestic dlctation, and W.
warn our countryrien that the most dan
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1900-11-04

City is located. Hudson county gave Nc
Kinley about 5000 majority in 1896. and II
is regarded as morally certain to give
Bryan at least 5000 this year. The demo-
cratic leader OF Jersey City has made heavy
wagers that 1t will give 5000 majority,
and he is a man who does not put Up his
money unless he believes he has sure
thing.
Newark is expected to show change
almost as great as Jersey City. That Is
the home OF ex-senator Smith. who has
all at once come 10 life. after q season OF
lulSewaimness and apathy, with a predic-
ton that New Jersey will go democratic
Camden, too is expected to show Urge
Bryan gains.
Mckinley may increase his vote In tho
country districts. but nothing he can do
will begin to offset his losses in the cities.
II Mckinley has 10000 majority In New
Jersey. he can thank his stars, and he
may have to be satisfied with 5000. He
has been steadily losing ground in that
State throughout the entire month OF Oc-
tober. This may be unpleasant news for
the republican managers TO hear. but the
facts are there to back 1t ap. and they
might as well recognize 1t as true
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1900-11-04

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