davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Daily inter mountain. [volume] (Butte, Mont.) 1881-1901, 1900-12-21

and the lumbermen who have nine
union labor unions in the state are as
follows: Miners. II: Mill and Smelter-
men, >; Order of Railway Conductors. 4;
brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers.f:
Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen. 10:
Switchmen's. ,; Electrical Firenen, .;
Switchmen .. Electrical Workers. 2:
Stationary Engineers, 4; Street Car Men.
/: Machinists. ?: Typographical. o:
Freshmen, 2; Carpenters n Joiners, 8;
C~igarnlakers, +; Iron Molders. :; Bar
bers. .; Granite Cutters. ,: Brick and
Mason's international, 4; B~ricklayers. 1;
Plasterers, ,; Butchers, ,; 81:
Clerks, 4: Musicians, 4; 1;
Building Laborers. 3; Cooks and Walters.
s: Shoemakers. 2: Laundry Workers., =:
Lumbermen, 8; Painters and Decorators.
3: Blacksmiths. l: Tailors, 4: Bakers. l:
Lathers, /; Stonecutters. l: Federal La
Dor. /; Transfers, 2: job and EXPRESS
men, l: workingmen's 2; quarrymen, 1;
barkeepers, L..
Nearly all, if not all, of these labor
unions provide sick benefits and bury
their dead. Some go further and allow
the widow and children an annuity
Thus, while the motto which begins this
article. Labor Omnia. Vilcet" Qabor
conauers AID, may seem irritable and
lily chosen. the benevolent feature
atones for it. Yet we would like much
better to see chosen the motto, Labor
ct honore'-by labor and honor.
Daily inter mountain. [volume] (Butte, Mont.) 1881-1901, 1900-12-21

Peter Breen as the chairman, was ap-
pointed to find out the sentiment, and
all of the Unions We're
with. This movement resulted in a
meeting being held in Butte during the
latter part of January, 1892, and the
State Association of Miners was organ
ICED. with Charles Bonner as president
and Peter Breen as first vice president
Delegates were present from Butte
Granite, Castle. Neihart M Barker. Mr..
Hreen was appointed organizer for the
state.
Shortly before the organization trou-
| BILE arose in Idaho and the mines were
shut down. The mine owners said THAT
the shutdown was caused by railroad
rates; but shortly after the organization
referred to, the owners wanted a reduce
| ton in wages. The state association as
sisted the Occur d'Alene miners all IL
could. and early in July the executIve
board met and instructed Mr.. Bonner
and Mr.. Breen to go over and inVfss
tigate the conditions. They were at the
scene of the trouble on July IL, lSP2'
when the fight occurred. s
The Butte Miners union and the
Western association took al active part
and worked with the Knights of Labor
to raise cash with which to carry on
the contest. AS a result of the contest
the miners began to see the necessity
of general organization, and in the
spring of 1898 invitations were sent out
to the unions of the Black Hills. Idaho,
Utah and Colorado to meet in Butte
to perfect & general organization. Thd
state association dishanded and tbs
Western Federation of Eliners was or
Daily inter mountain. [volume] (Butte, Mont.) 1881-1901, 1900-12-21

Dor and the best friend of the girl
obliged to work for a living. It's zeal
succeeded in raising the wages of COM
mon labor in the camp from $3.50 to 81
per day. which gave rise to the express
sion that nothing under three plunks
goes in Butte" Through it's instru-
mentality the wages of men in the po-
lice and fire departments We're advanced
$40 per month about four years ago. Its
members were good lobbyists and alert
IN local politics. II succeeded in induce
ing the council to pass an ordinance
compelling contractors for city work to
pay their employees SO per day. 1t also
materially assisted in raising the wages
of horseshoers, laundry worker Of both
sexes, electricians and others.
The Workingmen's union first blos-
somed as a local union, subsequently
joining the knights of Labor. With the
passing of the X. of l.. it was absorbed
by the Western Labor union.. AT this
writing j. w. Dale is president and G..
M. DeNinne secretary. and it is likely
that they will succeed themselves for
| the incoming term.
Daily inter mountain. [volume] (Butte, Mont.) 1881-1901, 1900-12-21
THROUGHOUT THE STATE.

j. H. Calderhead. commissioner OF Ia
Dor, agriculture and industry. was elect
ed state auditor in November. Before
quitting the former Office for the latter
he will present his annual report to the
legislature which sits in January. Mr..
C%alderhead will say that Montana. popu-
lation considered, is the strongest labor
union state in America. The report CT
Commissioners C%alderhead Will also show
that there are 124 active union in the
state. There has never been an accur-
ate poll made of the membership. but the
commissioner believes that the nIrlher is
slightly in excess Of 20. 00O.
Commissioners C~alderhead places the
number of unions in Butte at thirty-sey-
en. Dan Mcdonald. head of the west
ern labor unions. submitted a list to the
Inter Mountain. in which forty-two
unions are enumerated in Butte alone.
fifteen in Anaconda. fifteen in Great
Falls . six in Helena and twenty-nine In
other parts of the state. exclusive of
railroad unions. which results In a total
of lO7. There Is not much difference In
the totals of Calderhead and Mcdonald.
and the difference may be accounted for
in the omission Of railroad unions in Nc
Dona!d's list.
Western Federation of Miners. with
headquarters in this city. which has
branches in every large camp in Mon
tana, with one exception. There are
twelve miners unions in the state. Mex
ir numbec of organizations comes the 10
comotive firemen. who have ten unions
Daily inter mountain. [volume] (Butte, Mont.) 1881-1901, 1900-12-21
BUTTE MINERS UNION.

The Butte Miners union is one Of the
greatest and undoubtedly the largest
union in the country and the world,
quartz mining. 1t is the inspiration of
the brainy men in the once powerful
knights of Labor. 1t was organized
June Is. 1878. A. c. Witter, deceased,
was the first president.
No man in the ranks of labor in Butte
did more for his fellow man laboring in
the bowels of the earth than Aaron c.
Witter. and when he died there was
that universal sorrow throughout Mon
tana which marks the passing of one of
Gods noblemen. He was stricken with
pneumonia. and his wife yielded to the
dread disease in a few hours after her
husband s death. Both were buried at
the same time.
The Miners union erected a monument
I to the memory of it's first president.
The state legislature raised a purse Of
! 81 1000. and this, together with a sum
laid aside by the union, served as an an
| nuity for the education of Writer'S chill
| dren, two girls, one of whom is now of
! age. Both attend an educational insti-
| tuition at Lamont. Iowa.
Belonging to the Miners union are
about $50 engineers and firemen who also
hold cards in unions of their craft. Six
thousand of it's members work unler-
xground.
The dues are 81 per month. which
and provides sick and funeral benefits
Daily inter mountain. [volume] (Butte, Mont.) 1881-1901, 1900-12-21
~WORKlNGMEN'S UNION.

This is a unique organization, pre-
senting in many respects the features of
the Knights of Labor. In fact, many if
not most of its members once belonged
to that society. 1t embraces all callings
not organized in trade unions. the pur-
pose being to make union men and wo-
men of all working for wages, so
that when the time came for a sutti-
cient number of any calling to obtain
a charter and they felt strong enough to
sustain themselves in a union of their
craft, they might withdraw from this
parent body and start off on their own
hook.
Because such has been the policy of
the Workingmen's union from the Begin
ming is the reason why this society is
called the daddy of Butte unions" 1t
has been the champion of unskilled Ia
Daily inter mountain. [volume] (Butte, Mont.) 1881-1901, 1900-12-21
EAHMNIOUS RELATIONS.

Perhaps the best reason that may be
given Tor such harmonious relations be-
tween rapi al and labor is the fact that
Butte's employers of labor laid the foun.
dations of their wealth in the camp and
began life as wage earners themselves.
Speaking IN metaphor, a mar is poor to-
day, rich tomorrow, and poor again the
day after. But the opportunity is ever
present. II he grubstake is neves de-
MED the worthy and capable, whether
he digs n the hills, hammers at the an
vii. or measures tape at the counter.
The two wealthiest men the state ever
contained, the two greatest promoters of
industrial enterprises, Marcus DAILY, de
ceasea) and w. A. Clark, perhaps had it
in their power many times to degrade
tabor n Montana to Mexican peonage,
but they would not. Both men recognize
ed thu value of well-paid, contented Ia
Dor. Both had lifted the pick and struck
at the afiIl. Both kept the standard of
wages Up to the top notch. Both had a
fellow feeling for the men underground.
Both VIII live forever in the memory of
the wage Gamers Of Montana.
The many buildings that have been
erected IN Butte during the past year
indicates a better feeling in the building
trades thar has existed for some time.
IL Il Io III 1llCl . "Ssih -
this article TO fix the onus for past dis
turbed conditions either upon the en-
ployer or his workman. Perhaps the
''boss'' was to blame in one instance, the
A'wafking delegate'' in the other. But
let that pass. Harmonious relations ex-
DIST now in nearly all branches of the
building industry and where friction yet
fingers, conservative workingmen are
Seeking 10 cure it. Level-headed men, as
a rule, are at the helm in our trade or
PLANTATIONS; and so long as good sense
obtains and hat instinct is foremost
(which suggests to the wage-earner tina
Justice and equity is best conserved wher
he puts himself in the other mans place
nothing WIN occur to disturb presen
conditions IN Butte, and the ranting o
agitators will fall upon ~iistlass ears.
The shorter work day without reduc
tion OF days pay is making progress il
the city and state, and has scored a mem
orabte triumph in the skillful BATH
which the clerks waged in the 6 o'cloc,
movement. The few places remainin
open after tha hour will soon yield, no,
that the greatest mercantile concern i
the stsAe has fallen in line with popula
sentiment. The hearty endorsement
which the early closing movement re
ceived from all classes of citizens bea;
out our statement regarding the ha,
monious and social relations of capits
and labor in Butte. Not least hopef,
of the signs of the times are the resl
buttons for an eight-hour work day
the platforms of all the political partit
contending for supremacy in the la!
November election.
Every mechanical trade and industl
Is organized in Butte. and nearly a
Daily inter mountain. [volume] (Butte, Mont.) 1881-1901, 1900-12-21

crit unions. and the same was held in
Salt Lake City. May IL. 1898. Dan Nc
Donald of Butte was elected president.
Delegates from 12o union We're present,
so the promoters We're not discouraged.
The foundation was laid In the Mormon
city for the now extensive and we'll
governed galaxy of trade and b So
cieties known as the Western Labor
Union. During the first year n next,
many yexatious mishaps occurred. It
vas not unnatural that the movement
should be opposed by the great inter-
national league with Samuel Gompers at
it's head. However. the young ~organiza-
ton continued to grow. Obstacles We're
net and overcome. Beginning With a
list of about so unions, today the West
ern Labor Union has on it's books n
paying per capita tax 165 unions, repre-
senting owe $4,000 members scattered
over Montana, Colorado, Wyoming, the
two Dakotas, Idaho, Washington, Ore
gon and British Columbia. An organ
iyation has been effected in Juneau,
Alaska, embracing 1000 members.
The last session of the Western Labor
Union was held in Denver in May of this
year. Dan Mcdonald of Butte was again
elected president. Clarence Smith of
w dlIdce, udIip - SGcIttdIy. 1tdu-
quarters are in the Silver Bow block, on
West Granite street.
1t is proper to say here that not all the
unions in the Western Labor Union ter
| ritory are affiliated with that centra
body. Most if not all of the building
trades yet remain loyal to the A. F. of L..
along with the printers. c~igarmakers
~tailors, and perhaps a few others, but
this is not saying that such mechanics
are hostile to the principles or personne
Of the A. F. of LIS rival. On the othel
hand, members of the A. r. of l.. NEE
and work together with the w. L.. L
in such bodies as the Silver o Trade!
and Labor Assembly III the Montana
Trades and Labor Council. All pull to
gether for the progress of industrial
conditions in the west. -# #'
The Western Labor Union, if not reall.
affiliated, is in close touch with tn,
Western Federation of Miners. Bot
hold their conventions at the same tim
and in the same city. n before adjourn
ing hold a joint session and love feast.
Daily inter mountain. [volume] (Butte, Mont.) 1881-1901, 1900-12-21

wages in Butte and Anaconda secures
better remuneration for his tell than he
would receive anywhere else in the Unit
ed States, The cupidity of capital has
rarely reached out its hand and beckoned
cheap labor 10. come hither and take the
places Of well-paid and contented en-
pIoyas. On the other hand, capital and
labor in this great mining camp have
worked tremendously, even socially; and
Butte has been spared the aftiictions Of
strikes, Ike that which retarded the
growth Of Chicago and St. Louis for
nearly a year and plunged the coal min
ers of Pennsylvania into the horrors Of a
living death. OF course, there have been
exceptions to his pleasant condition of
affairs in Butte; that is but natural. But
the disturbance was not serious; not so
great a 10 sat it down as a calamity:
not 50 .rieNous as 20 drive men out of
tow as tramps: not SO narrowing as to
lead charitable citizens to eXpend money
on soup houses; not so eXasperating as
to make T~agabonds and rioters out Of
1ocked-Gut workingmen. Butte is the
brightest gem in the diadem Of labor or
ganization. the loveliest rose in the gar
den of labor.
Daily inter mountain. [volume] (Butte, Mont.) 1881-1901, 1900-12-21
EEI ABOR OMNIA
II VNCI7" is h e

ShlbbOIeth OF the AmerI-
can Federation of Labor: albeit the ma
jority Of labor societies in the west
carry the banner Of the Western Labor
union. q strong rival organization.
Nevertheless, in the abstract, the sem
timent quoted applies to the wage
earners Of Butte and Montana with
greater force than anywhere outside
of the Rocky mountain belt, for no.
where is there a better example Of the
omnipotenee of labor; Nowhere does the
quotation, Labor Omnia Vincit.' fit so
we'll the economic conditions of a people.
Although the Individual who works for
Daily inter mountain. [volume] (Butte, Mont.) 1881-1901, 1900-12-21

sippi engaged in auriferous and coal
mining. Edward Boyce is it's president,
a position he has held for a number OF
years with singular skill and ability.
The same may also be said OF the sec
retary,s James Maher, recently elected
/ county treasurer. Headquarters are IN
the OWSley block.
Daily inter mountain. [volume] (Butte, Mont.) 1881-1901, 1900-12-21
Is the Brightest Gem in the
Diadem of Labor Organiza-
tons i'm the World.
An Interesting History of the Condition of Labor in Butte the
Strength of the Various Unions and the Harmony
Existing Between Labor and Capital.

Colorado. but more especially in Butte,
in order to sound the wage arners upon
the proposition of a distinct central la
Dor organization which should be of the
west and for the west. 1t met with
such Il favorable response that its pro-
moters decided to issue a call for a con-
vention of the representatives of west
Daily inter mountain. [volume] (Butte, Mont.) 1881-1901, 1900-12-21

have delegates to some central body,
where the tinker and tailor and cam
dle-stick maker discuss their affairs
and where the spirit of IAN injury to one
is the concern of all" assumes tangible
shape. Grievances are recited if there be
any, and prudent men are selected to
adjust such matters between employee
End employe. Arbitration is the watch
word OF the hour.
Daily inter mountain. [volume] (Butte, Mont.) 1881-1901, 1900-12-21
WESTERN FEDERATION OF
MINERS.

In the fall Of 1891. Butte Miners union
took the first steps looking toward the
organization of a federation OF miners
and tried to get all the unions of the
state to join it. A committee, with
The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1900-04-07
u, S. DISTRICT COURT.
AN.ATTRACTIVE WINDOW. ::

One Of the most attractive windows
on Congress street Ii that Of Over,
Moore & company and hundreds of
people have stopped 10 admire Its unique
decorations and the pretty articles which
are therein displayed. Ii may well
he.callsd an Easter window for avery
thing in 1t 10 suggestive Of the day. The
background Is all pure white while the
decorations consist partly Of beautiful
ribbons Of all hues, glover. perfumes
dainty wearing apparel. while tall Easter
lilies and roses sst of the beauty Of the
ar ticlss displayed. The entire front via
dow is eoorated with narrow ribbons Of
every color Of the rainbow Joined in a
circle and the whole effect Is most pleas
Ing to the eye.
The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1900-04-07
WOODFORDS.

The members of Desring lodge. Il. and
A. II. are requested 10 assem- BILE at Ma
sonic hall, Woodfords, Sunday afternoon
at l O'CLOCK in readiness to attend the fu-
neral services OF Brother Albion Black
stone.
The Dirigo Literary club held It's last
meeting for the season yesterday at the
home CT Mrs. Eugene Merrill, Fslm outh
street. A tine literary and musical pro-
grimme was carried out. after which
rsfreshments were served.
The Ladies' circle Of the Wo odfords
UniverSalist society held one of its popu-
lar supptrs and entertainments at Lewis
he'll which was we'll attended.
The srrin9 term of the Woodfcrds Kin
dergartsn is to open on Monday.
The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1900-04-07
TAKES CHARGE ON SUNDAY.

REV. French McAtfse, the recently
called pastor Of the First Prssbytaria
church, will begin his work with that
church tomorrow. Sunday. April 8.
mir. McAfee is Harvard man, and Is
forceful and interesting speaker.
He comes to Portland from Albany,
Texas, where he has bsen engaged sincs
his ordination, and from the Presby ter
iAns Of Portland, who have been without
a pastor for long whiles he will receive
a warm welcome. There will be preach
serv q 1t three and 7.a0 p. M, with
spec @slc BY the chorus choir. The
public are cordially In vitsd to these SER
vices.
The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1900-04-07
GRApE-NUTS CURE.
Good Food w orks Salvation.

"Khen l began the use of Grape Nuts
food for breakfast, was suffering with
nervous and stomach troubles. found
that Grare-Nuts furnished . nourishinR,
tatisfying meal, that the stomach took
to beautifully. feel so much more
satisfied and well-ied after meal Of
Grape Nuts. and do not have that disa-
Rreeabls gorged and tight feeling In the
stomach which so often used to accom-
TaDy my meals when l was using other
foods.
"This proves to me that Grape-Nuts
food 10 a highly condemned ana nourish-
ing food which satisfies the system as no
other food does, and causes no indiges-
tion. II Is . Godsend to all sufferers Of
stomach and nervous troubles.
81 .have several neighbors who fare
using both postum Cereal Coffee and
GrApe-Nuts, and they wonder how they
ever did without either, since learning
how good and beneficial they are. One
lady has q family CT growing shcool
children. She says they use nothing else
for their lun skeon at noon but Gtaps-
Nuts with milk. They all spjoy the food
very much and feel well fed. she states
that when the children come in from
school. they are not starved for piece
of something to eat. as they formerly
ere when they lunched from all other
foods.
"This has con WINGED her that Grape
Nuts food sustains the system longer
than any other food. The fact that 1t ID
thoroughly cooked and ready for imme'
diAts serving Is Ct great value, especially
when one is In hurry. Please do not
publish my name" The name Of this
lady can be had By application to the
Postum Cereal Co.. Ltd, Battle Greek,
Aioh.
The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1900-04-07

the pulpit % All Souls Uaivsrsaiist
church Last svsning and delivered . Ger
men 10 the special series Of Lsntsn SER
mons.
The pastor Of All Souls church will
answer tomorrow the following quss.
tion: "Can Man be SavsdI Outside the
Church" In the evening there will be =
mass meeting in the vsstry. DIR. Wor.
cestsr and others will speaig.
The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1900-04-07
GORHAM.

A sacred concert was rendered In School
Street NJ. E. ahuroh Thursday evening,
In which the following programme Was
most successfully carried out;
Organ Voluntary.
Anthem-Wake tine Song, Chorus
Duet-Invocattun,
Mr'. Dsering. Mics Mcclellan
Solo-Thy King, Mrs. Cashmere
Reading, Miss Pearl Libby
Solo, Miss Mabel Day
Anthem, Chorus
Duet-My Faith Looks up to Thee,
Mr.. and Mrs. Cashmere
6olo-FAitb, Miss Mary AcLellAn
Authoritative Shine Chorus
Duet, Mis- and Mr.. Day
solo, MIR. Cashmere
Anthem-Praiss Ys the Father, Chorus
This Is the third concert which has
been given by this chorus. within .ths
ralt few weeks. all Of which have been
attended by large audiences The chorus
has teen under the instruction of Rev.
Ar. Cashmote. with Mrs. L. J. Parker
as acc omp PIANIST.
Congregational church next sunday
morning, In exchange with Rev. Mr..
Rey noids.
Mr.. +. II. Emery, drygoods merchant,
has returned from q business trip 10 Bos-
ton.
MIR. George Chadbourn Is making quite
extensive improvements upon Miss
Emily Johnson's large house, Main street.
Mr.. John Dixie will soon occupy the rent.
Miss Jennie p. whitney, South street.
visited friends In Portland, Thursday.
Mr.. Harry Hannaforu has accepted
position with Mr.. Edward Roberts. to
carry on the Roberts farm, Middle road.
and has moved there.
Mrs. b. W. Blokford Is In Worcester
for few days, visiting Miss Mary
Lowell, former resident OF G'rbam.
She will also attend the millinery open
ings in Boston.
The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1900-04-07

A Sidsbosrd-quartsred oak, polished
frort in golden color. 16x2s mirror, worth
SIS. 90, going ct SIS 30.
Another Sideboard, antique finish.
lsxs2 mirror, q bargsin at $1,000, going
for si2.C0.
The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1900-04-07
= SUNDAY SONG SERVICE.

- SUNDAY SONG SERVICE.
Palm Sunday will be observed in City
Hall at $50 O'Clock with appropriate ex-
srcises and decorations suitabls for the
occasion. Director Ward has arranged
fine programme for the occasion. Mr..
John p. Welch, the baritone. will sing
by request "The Coming of the King"
and prayer by Tosti; Ethel Kay, . IL
year old Miss from Blddsforu, will play
the ''missrere scene as . plano solo;
Fred Given will render Andante Relig-
ioso by Thorns; Clarence Brown. cello;
Miss Ballard, Mics Blorezoe Marion Best
aud Dir. Adelbsrt /. Sjoholm will act as
pianists. Full orchestra, 90 pieces, Fred
Given, leader. Rev. VIVA. ii. Singleton,
the colored preacher, win speak on
.Manhood."
The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1900-04-07

Saturday and Monday only We will sell
a large. high backed, saddle seat Dining
Chair for