Evening journal., 1900-03-21
THE GROUND SEA.
A Peculiar Condition Of the Ocean
Which Wrecks Vessels in a Calm.

Many visitors to the coast at this
time OF the year are sorely puzzled
when a boatman either refuss to put
on from the shore, or at least to go
FAR from land. on day when there is
no sign OF an approaching storm. and
the water Is only moved by long and
gently rolling swell Argument Is OF
no avail. and II the old salt is pushed
for reason he will only reply with
come cryptogramic remark about the
ground sea-" the questioner retiring
more bewildered than before.
II Is hard TO understand how such
gentle swell can presage danger. but
10 experienced eyes it gives warning
that must be needed. All along the
west and parts Of the south coasts OF
England and Ireland as well as the
west coast OF Scotland, uncounted
tales are told OF ships which on a
calm day have been within a few
hours caught by a gentle roll Of water
and finally thrown on q rOck-bound
shore by the dreaded ground sea-.
To understand this curious marine
| phenomenon il must be borne in mind
that out on the Atlantic waves are
often formed TO q height Of forty feet.
Driven before a heavy gale, these ad-
vance at a rate of from thirty to forty
miles an hour. Travelling at such a
rate they soon get out OF the wind
swept area, but even though. for
them. the storm is passed. they still
roll in fury. their undulations often
| being felt five hundred miles from the
point Of their creation.
In the region Of the storms these
/ wares are fierce breaking pillows.
but as they get further away they
/ settle down into long. rolling ridges
which travel onward 10 long. unbrok.
en lines. perfectly parallel with each
other. Out on the open sea these
ridges often stretch out for a distance
of over thirty miles, and as they
travel in threes. each successive wave
being larger than its predecessor, the
sight is an imposing one. The fur
ther the progress the smaller they be
come in height. out this is compensat
ed for by the fact that their motion is
communicated TO the mass of water
below until the roll can be detected
fully fifty feet under the surface. This
gives them the name Of ground sea.
In this peculiarity their danger lies
for when a becalmed ship Is caught In
them her draught, the resisting power
that enables her TO ride a storm. be
comes the fulcrum which the liquid
mass uses to hurl her onward to de
struction. On calm day any sailing
| craft caught in ground sea" near q
rocky shore Is as good as lost unles.
q wind can spring up and enable hei
10 beat out to sea. Many a ship has
met this fate. The reason many more
do not get lost is due to the gentle
swell that so deceives a landsmar
and warns a sailor.
AS the ground sea" advances &
pushes a certain amount of water be
fore t. This also forms into ridges
like its pursuer, but Of less height an,
approximately no depth. The "falsi
sea as It Is called Is little more thar
a rolling swell, but 1t gives a warning
OF from twenty minutes to two hours
duration, enabling ship either t
run into port, get out to sea, or SO
curely anchor; while at the seasid
resorts the boatmen run close Il
shore. to the surprise of the trippers
When It is remembered that wav
. twenty feet high. which is often al
tanned by the ground sea-" strike
with a force Of one ton to the squar
inch. the necessity for caution will b
recognized.
All waves that come in parable
ridges. however. are not dangerous
as there is a wind billow" that /
closely allied to the ground sea" 4
appearance. Wind billows" are du
to a heavy wind blowing but a fel
miles of the land. but as they hav
but a comparatively short distanc
to travel they have no depth. Conss
quently, even rowing boat is pei
fectly safe on them II properly har
dled.-Pearson's Weekly.