The times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1897-1901, 1900-09-17

or rot certain proposed remedies would
ne ,--afmi.s The State acting in its coll2c-
tive capacity would lis nrst bnd out IN:
facts, and then be able to tahe su =
measures as wisdom dictated. MuSh can
be done by taxation. Even more can be
done by regulation, by close supervis on,
and the unsparing excision of all tn
healthy, destructive and, anti-scc!al e3e-
ments. The separate State government s
can do a great deal; and where they DE-
cline to cooperate the national Govern
ment must step in.
While paying heed TO the nece ss:ty OF
keeping our house in order at home, tn
American people cannot, if they wish to
retain their self-respect, refrain from
doing their duty as a great nation in the
world. The history of the nation is in
large part the history of the nations OK
pansion. When the first Contin entail
Congress met in Liberty Hall and the
thirteen original States declared them
selves nation, the westward limit OF
the country was marked by the Allegheny
Mountains
Even during the Revolutionary War the
work of expansion went on. Kentucky
Tennessee, and the great Northwest then
known as the Illinois country were con-
quered from our white and Indian foes
during the Revolutionary struggle and
were confirmed to us by the treaty of
peace in 1888. Yet the land thus con-
frmed was not then given to us. 1t was
held by an alien foe until the army under
Gen. Anthony Wayne freed Ohio from the
red man, while the treaties of Jay and
Pinckney secured from the Spanish and
British Natchez and Detroit
In 1893, under President Jefferson, the
greatest single stride in expansion that
we ever took was taken by the purchase
of the Louisiana territory. This so-called
Louisiana, which included what are now
the States of Arkansas. Missouri, Louis
lana, Iowa. Minnesota, Kansas, Nebraska,
North and South Dakota. Idaho, Montana,
and a large part of Colorado and Utah,
was acquired by treaty and purchase I'M
der President jefferson exactly and pre-
cisely as the Philippines have been ac-
CURED by treaty and purchase under
President Mckinley.
The doctrine of the consent of the gov
erned," the doctrine previously enunci-
ated by jefferson in the Declaration CT
Independence. was not held by him or by
any other sane man to apply to the indian
tribes in the Louisiana territory which
he thus acquired. and there was no vote
taken even of the white inhabitants, rot
TO speak of the negroes and Indians, as
to whether they were willing that their
majority of the inhabitants, white and
colored alike, were bitterly opposed to
the transfer. An armed force of United
States soldiers had TO be hastily sent into
the territory to prevent insurrection,
President jefferson sending these troops
TO Louisiana for exactly the same reasons
and with exactly the same purpose that
President Mckinley has sent troops TO
the Philippines. Jefferson distinctly stated
ready for self-government," and years
elapsed before they were given self gov
eminent, jefferson appointing the Gov
ernor and other officials without any con-
sultation with the Inhabitants OF the new
ly- acquired territory.
The Constitution and the Flag.
The doctrine that The "Ccnstitu ion
follows the flag was not then even con-
sidered either by Jefferson or by any
other serious party leader. for it never
entered their heads that a new territory
should be governed other than in the way
in which the territories of Ohio and Illi-
nois had already been governed Under
Washington and the elder Adams; the
theory known by this utterly false and
phrase was only struck out in
political controversy at a much later
date, for the sole purpose of iustifying
the extension of slavery into the Terri
tories.
The parallel between what jefferson
did with Louisiana and what is now be-
ing done in the Philippines is exact. JEFF
ferson. the author of the Declaration of
and of the consent OF the
governed" doctrine, saw no incongruity
this and the establishment of
government on common sense grounds in
no uau taTrifnrN. mi ha Cd at La
for an impossible application of
his principle, saving, in language which
at the present day applies TO the situa-
ton in the Philippines without The
change of q word, though il is ac-
knowledged that our new fellow citizens
are as yet as Incapable of self govern
nent as children, yet some cannot 5ring
themselves to suspend its principles FIR
a single moment
He intended that ultimately self.sov-
should be introduced throughout
the territory, but only as the diGer mt
parts became fit for il, and no sooner.
This is just the policy that has been pl--
sued.
We must proceed in the Philippines with
he same wise caution, taking each sue
;essive step as ii becomes desirable, and
accommodating the details of our policy
o the peculiar needs of the situation. But
Is soon as the present revolt is put down
md order established, 1t will undoubtedly
De possible to give TO the islands larger
measure Of self government than Jefferson
gave Louisiana.
Annexation of Hawaii.
An effort was made at the end Of Presi-
lent Harrison's Administration to secure
he annexation Of Hawaii. The effort was
IN a debate in Congress on
february 2, 1894. one OF the leaders In
opposing the annexation OF the islands.
tated: These islands are more than two
thousand miles distant from our extreme
western boundary. We have a serious race
problem now in our country, and l am not
n favor of adding to our domestic fabric
mongrel population fof this character).
Our Constitution makes no provisions
or colonial establishment. Any terri
orial government we might establish
would necessarily because of the popuia-
ion, be an oligarchy, which would have
o be supported by armed soldiers" Yet
Hawaii has now been annexed and her
delegates have sat in the National Conyen-
ions Of the two great parties. The fears
hen expressed in relation TO an ''oligar-
by and armed soldier.,' are not now Sc
'lously entertained by any human being;
7et they are precisely the objections urged
lgainst the acquisition of the Philippines
II this very moment We are making no
lew departure. We are not taking a sim
lie step which in any way affects our in
;itutions or our traditional policies From
he beginning We have given widely vary
ng degrees OF self-government to the diff
erent Territories, according to their needs.
The simple truth is that there is nothing
wen remotely resembling imperialism
II "nilitarism" involved in the present
development OF that policy of expansion
which has been part OF the history of
,merica from the day when she became