The sun., 1900-08-19

orized 10 believe man renamed f1r many
ssii IiO" "' "''' ""'' '''''0 ''"'' '"' ''''
Upon what evidence ls based tho assertion
that man un1uestionablv entered the New
World as an emigrant from the OLD The
proof that man at some extremely remote time
reached the Western flemisphero as a stranger
lies In the fact that ~ the larger and more
highly organized primates, the order 10 which
man belongs, America affords among It's lvinr
and fossil arinlals no other example than man
himself Tho lower prmates abound In
the New World. which Is possibly their original
home. The anthropoid primates however. con-
stituting together with man a distinct zoologi-
cal group, separated by a broad physiological
gulf from tho lower primat"s. belong eHclus-
lively TO the Old World both In their fossil and
living species. In the general distribution Of
animals. man is as decisivey newcomer 10
America az he IL In Australia he has intruded
Into a geological province 10 which he does
not belong, though his presence In America
dates back to an extremely remote time Wc
are, therefore. preoluded from regarding the
primitive man Of America as even possibly
sutochthonio. Had he been autochthonic.
inferior anthropoid animals such as stu Coz
exist and once coe1isted in greater numbers
with the human races Of tho Old World. would
undoubtedly have been found side by eide with
man In the New World also. Again. when wo
consider the ply ydoloxicsl variety which the
human raos exhibits. We must pronouncs II
SCARCELY possible that had America produced
.ome indigenous human typo. that type would
closely resemble In its features the contem.
porsry people, Of that part OF the Old World
where ths two continents most nearly approach
each other. Now all competent observer,
from vespuoc TO Won Tsohudi have noticed the
strik Ing likeness b~twesn the natives OF America
and those Of northsrn Asia Almost the nrst
obssrvatioo made about ths natives In the fNt
voyage Of vespucol In that their broad faoes
are Ike those OF Tafars. That the American
stock Is either branch Of the stock which has
peopled the northern parts OF ths Old Worl6
or that the two stocks had . common ancestry
10 some other region APPEARS from ir phys
iologioal features and Ia corroborated ny The
fact that In both worlds the lowest level at which
humanity is found Il approximately the same.
For the physiological data which establish
this connection We refer ths reader to Mr.
1synss book and proosed TO note what he has
- say about the geographical relation between
We northeastern extremity Of Asia and the
northwestern extremity Of America. 1t Is here
that the New World and the Old. separated
only by . shallow strait. most nearly approach
esoh other. We're the ocean diminished In
depth by only thirty fsthoms. or were the land
hasvatsd 10 . corresponding extent. a cause
wsy thirty miles In breadth would appear con-
Meeting the two continents. It Is well known
that Behrins Strait has been formed since the
tertiary period. and that such a causeway once
e1kted. TO which American geologists have
given the name Of the -Miooene Bridge It
, certain that during period extremely fertile
b the production Of mammals, the lands which
connected Asia and America witnessed the
transit Of many species belong ginG 20 that class
from one hemisphere 10 the other. In some
tnstanoss these species passed from America
70 Asia; IN other cases they made their way In
ne opposite direction. Thus horses, deer and
earnes are thought to have orig mated on Ameri-
can son and to hsvs passed subsequently, to the
Old World: bears and antelopcs on the other
hand. appear to have been produced in the Old
World and to have spread thence to America.
Man, We have seen. 10 an animal OF the Old
World; and although the tertiary beds have
hitherto yielded no undoubtedly contempo-
ransous human remains. It b generally agreed
that the human species must have been In ex-
btsnce during tho Pliooens or late tertiary
period. Was man among thoss animals be-
way to the New while the two continents were
continuousi Such q view derives soms prob
ability from the fact that other animals common
10 The northern hemisphere In both worlds,
whils thsy present In each the same essential
features. exhibit In minor points just such a
degree OF variation as may well be referred
10 an Isolation following the disappearance OF
some pristine connection between the two
continents Thus. the American mammoth.
reindeer. elk, polar hare and marmot resemble
those Of the Old World 10 closely as to be only
distingulshable In minute particulars the same
may be said Of American man Such facts point
TO the submergence OF the Miocene Bridge a.
IN event, GeolosicsIly speaking comparatively
recent. - having taken place subsequently, to
the appearance Of man In the New World.
The suggestion In confirmed when we take into
consideration the climatic conditions which
prevailed In the tertiary age In that remote
period the region surrounding the North Pole
enjoyed . comparatively mild climate spitz-
bergen and Greenland we're clothed with the
vegetation Of virginia and North Carolina.
Most OF the animals and plants Of the north
temperate sone nourished on the shores OF
the Polar Sea- the atmospheric changes which
hsralded the approach OF the great Ice Age
forced them southwark. and the vast Toe sheets
which subsequently overspread much OF Europe
and North America ultimately drove them
far toward the torrid zone. In the course OF
his compulsory transportation many species
perished Six species OF the horse. for instance,
and two species Of eleph u perished In America
Man. who undoubtedly had to contend with the
conditions produced by the glacial period.
was possibly. and even probably. the compan-
on OF those animals during tie entire process. Of
southward migration. and survived them
hA AL A.A(s II