davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1900-07-01
The School system.

Mr.. r. c. Saunders. Of EIrninsto3. Va
IN an article 10 The Richmond Times,
under the caption Of school system. .
Ives ives some very valuable information
9Th reference TO the public schools OF
virginia. Mr. Saunders claims that ac-
cording- 10 section 3, article I, OF our Con-
stitution, regulating the area and popu-
IA lion to be embraced in school as
trict. there are 5000 more schools than
are actually needed. He decries the
growing tendency, for the sake OF con-
yenience. to increase the number OF
schools. claiming that the uultipttcatlo, o,
Of schools has had a tendency 70 Hlahe
them nou-progressive and lifelss, ana N
many instances parents could not be per-
suaded to send their children TO them .
There is much wholesome advice y.
what Mr.. Saunders says, and no oetleI
evidence of the soundness Of his doctrine IS
can be found than the. large attehdal. =,
from adjoining districts to the schooL ~
the districts who are fortunate in securing
a good grade OF teachers
Schools, like churches. can De noiei.
plied until they all lose their useIuiEits5
and are robbed OF their power TO 90 g ,oa
Is this the case with US IN Vicsiiiilh.
Cape Chares Light.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1900-07-01

nonwealth be duly observed. and that law
and Justice or mercy. be executed III
all judgments And Lastly, do so!emn!S
promise and swear that | will peaceaniE
and quietly resign the government ~
which [ have been elected, at the several
periods to which my continuance IN tns
said office is or shall be limited BY law ana
the Constitutions So help me God.
The fathers seem to have had some rea-
sonable apprehension Of nepotisn even IN
their day.
Representation in this convneion was by
counties and corporations Each county
had two delegates, except Nestmore!dhu
which had three. jamestown. Williams
burg and the College of William and
Mary had one each and NorloIh boious1'
Only freeholders had the right to vote
for delegates. and even as cary
as 1886 the preamble of the statute of the
House of Burgesses declaring who should
have d right to vote, rec.tes tnat divers
frauds have OF late been practiced 10
create and multiply votes by making
leases of small and tnconS:derabie parcels
Of land upon feigned considerations and
by subdivding lots OF ground in towns in
prejudice of the rights of true freehold
ers. and contrary TO the true intent and
meaning of u1$ laws in that behalf
Thereupon more rigid law was enacted
so that even q freehOlder. in order to be
q voter NEST have An estate OF not less
than one hundred acres Of land upon which
there was no settlement, or twenty-five
acres with a house and plantation in his
possession or the possession of his tenant
for a term OF year, in the same county
wherein he gives his vote. Hening' Stats.
vol. l. p. 40
There is not much to be learned for prac-
teal purposes from a study OF this c0nsti-
tuition. OF course it settled for all time
certain leading principles Of free govern
ment which are now accepted as the very
canons of liberty. These must always re-
main the chief corner pillars of Our or
eanic law ana nobody VIII be so rash as
to attempt 10 obliterate these landmarks
of free constitutional government TIE
qualified voters elected the Senate and
House Of Delegates. called the General
Assembly This Assembly elected by joint
ballot the Governor and his council, all
Judges, secretary attorney general and
members of the Contire tai Congress. And
the Governor with the advice of the
council, appointed Justices of the peace
for the counties. The clerks of the County
Courts were continued in Office and i'll
case of a vacancy each court appointed its
own clerk Sheriffs and Coroners were
nominated by the courts, and appointed
and commissioned by the Governor with
the advice of the council.
This was the simple scheme of govern
ment OF Virginia from 1916 to 1880. con
st;tution that lasted fifty-four years. In
a subsequent paper, the constitution OF
1929 80 will be considered.
w D.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1900-07-01
1000 GIVEN AWAY.
A Sample Copy OF the Partisan Dream
CITY FREE for Examination.

The Times has arranged 10 carry its
readers through the Paris Exposition on
twenty weeks journey at ten cents per
week This achievement is made possible
by the wonderful advance in the photo
grapher's art and modern methods OF Pho
tcsraphic printing. Our journey is the
next best thing to a personal visit. 1t is
comprised in Twenty Photographic Port
folios OF sixteen 5 by 10 photographs each,
and we Will send by mail only to any city
or country address sample OF Number One
to every reader on receipt of two two-eent
stamps Gour cents. We nave arranged
TO give away one thousand samples on this
liberal basis, believing that when they are
seen the remaining nineteen weekly num-
bers viii be demanded on the easy condi-
tons which we make. We delivered to the
readers of The Times several thousand
copies OF the Worlds Fair portfolios, en-
titled THE Dream City and the present
enterprise is in lire with that work, but
with greatly improved art and beauty. It
will enable every one To see at mis- home
exactly what The visitor sees at Paris.
Send cents in stamps and Part One will
be mailed direct by the publishers. Ad-
dress all letters to Portfolio Department.
The Times. Richmond. Va.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1900-07-01

of WillIamsport, Pa, TO design the tiesi-
bic ladder shown in the accompanying
picture The manner OF mounting the
apparatus is easily seen. a recess being
formed underneath the window sill. or the
ladder can be placed in a box On the
fiear if it is not convenient TO cut an
opening in the wall. At the rear of the
compartment three bolts are secured and
10 these the cables of the ladder are firm
ly attached AT intervals along the cables
the rungs of the ladder are placed, the
whole being wound light reel and
stored in the compartment, with door
in front, which closes and hides the APP
paratus When it becomes necessary to
utilize the ladder it is only the work %
a moment to toss the reel out Of the
window, thus providing a. ladder on which
descent can be made much more safely
than on the single rope iire-escape 50 Of
ten nroVidea
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1900-07-01
4 Plea for Unity.

lSiitor OF The Times:
Sit read the synopsis nr eNr1ct OF
DR. Kerr's late sermon on III ':sri.ia Union
preached at the Second Presbyterian
Church 1 have always felt that there
should never have been but che ciI.'ca
As articles Of faith for TIE new Or
ganization, / would suggest the Apostles
Creed Those were the articles Of faith
adopted by the Church III the Army of
Northern Virginia. The members subscrib-
ed their names; after the a"ti2 6 rad
been written above. We hal Il Clarldla
all the time Our Colonel of the Third
Cavalry kept the 3hap.lin win hin In
the same tent and saw that he was well
cared for, or. at least. did the best he
could for him. We had some faithful
thaplains. I now remember especially
Landstreet and Dr. Meredith, OF Buck
ingham.
DR.. Meredith was a fine preacher and
fine man. During the whole war l never
heard the question asked Ito what Demo
mination does the minister belong"
The writer was a member of Prince Ed
ward Cavalry, and we had DR. Tsocnas
Wheary with US for six mouths-not as
chaplain. He preached to the infantry as
we'll as the cavalry. He was an earnest as
Will as eloquent preacher, ana every
sermon had A telling effect. DIR. Bur
roughs, of Richmond, was one of the
finest open-air preachers [ ever heard. /
heard him one Sunday just before the seE-
en- days fight around Richmond.
Mounted on a re6oubt with from five
% ten thousand nsn seated on the ground.
h walked that redoubt and preached
whatsoever Will"
Bishop Johns-what a preacher, and
that whisper. He would send his voice cut
ting through the whatsoever Viii"
and DR.. Rosser and DR.. Mitchell Whose
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1900-07-01
COMBINED TRUNK AND DISPLAY
SHELVES.

up the samples The salesman is liable TO
overlook some article which has been iald
In an out-of-the-way place To ohNiate
Gf these disagreeahle circumstances TINS
device viii be found very convenient ana
the space necessary To carry II IN lhe
rrunll is not great enough TO Inconvenience
y rh.. drummer, as the shelves are provided
with hinges which permit them TO be
folded in small space in the lid 1t Is
easy 10 see that q much better display OF
goods can he made with the new device
than with The old style Of trunk and Its
alse should be the means of selling enough
more goods on one trip to more than pay
the cost of the new trunk.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1900-07-01
New sales,nan,s Trunk.

Tho trunk shown herewith is designed
asspecially for the use of statesmen. ana
has been patented by Max Hourvitch, oil
ksarest t,ity. Pa. Very often a salesman
xii enter a. store with his samples and
brtll have no convenient or adequate place
an which to exhibit them TO the buyer.
I'm such an Instance they have TO pile
a,leir samples one on ton OF The other in
lssnv available space, which Practice soon
.canses the goods 10 look shoF-wof1 ana
S.sssa,s thfir attractiveness. To say nothing
of i.e1ay-ing tn. buyer In the selection of
the goods he wishes Also. in gathering
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1900-07-01
Schools in Virginia.

Editor OF The Times:
Sir.-I disclaim absolutely any PERSONAL
ties in these papers. firmly believe that
power was vested by the General AS
sembly in the Board of Education, and
by it to its executive officer, the State
Superintendent, to do all and anything
that was necessary for the efficient carry
ing out of the public-school system.
That | am and have not been alone in
this opinion, l narrate the following in
cideut: During Superintendent Buchanan's
administration. being a member OF com
mittee OF County School Superintendents,
called together in Richmond to suggest
such amendments and changes in the
school laws to the General Assembly, then
in session, as they might think desirable.
| went to consult my friend Judge BVrks,
who was in Richmond, engaged in revising
the Code of Virginia, and asked him some
questions as to some laws that appeared
to be conflicting and also as 10 the neces-
sity of securing legislation, permitting new
policies that the committee thought de-
sirab,e, etc, the Judge allowed me TO state
my points. and then said You go back
to Buchanan and tell him that the Legisla-
ture did give and intended to give TO him
and the Board Of Education supreme pow
or in all these school matters, and that
he may DO whatever is necessary and pro-
per iof carrying out lHe p""iic SI.'oo
system. tilS grant oL Po"e' ~ Sonool
matters Is greater !iiltl lnI !, % Y 'ss"
victoria over her hiiis uoan'
Again: Al a conference ot SSHooL SUBJ
intenoehIS' we ilau d vi. IioltotI"' 9ea =
superb u 9'''tLT So
intehaeht TOT one oL Ine
me coulci OF cooileS
dlScuss!ls Solils VI %! ''li"o = 80 az
suggesting laws LOT tiisii 1liei,''.liel,'
IN speech, ne S.'l'. &C.
h-.H 'iieSe ~ - -, -
ttiea 10 correct tiieil '1iI - ~ -,
Iature' without success pHl $40 "a
we ioUhu oue - 49, -,,T,or;rterfl-
gwen fuit power 10 US tl,le - 80,
ents) and we nave cQtisSte,l .,leI - -,
ters lor ourselves
Leg az ,,a+t,i,, ,1i effiriar,tf,
are now VIZ MS
III my 9Ia'e' c.:.,,+;o r.od..
Afl-ele . ~ all ,ra,-ida Nv,
Ille =, sossior, ,Ir,1ar t}s CON
la"' - ,,,tso,o, s,ystan, of nIIhIic free
stItutIoH' d -. r,o5,,aI aC,IaI and
sSHoots all" -o 'T 49,. I,,t;.s NJ
iuli LIt'i % 30, - ,o-c ne ,,,uch
tHe So ~ 49,. ;,
e@Il!9t a. $500 ,.sar,br,, did nothing
" en- ,':s 49, ai.a,.+io, T. turned the
pltlicaL - 80 ~ no posrd If F,5,l-
"noie iH Itt 49, ra,5 7.5 .,hoT,t II NAV
cation "a -. -. ~ tbair axar,1tiva
os sen ~, - So sT-,Srfr+endant
oitrIsi ~ 10 !, ,,niforr system of
II %,aaIs ,Tbat means If course.
p"y.-C :, ~ ,.ar,,Iiranents of attain
u4!-toA-I'+. = -
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1900-07-01
TRAVELLING RoolbIack,

With the machine illustrated here
with a bootblack can travel around the
streets of the city booking for trade, in
stcs1 OF remaining in 4 fixed location and
compelling his customers to come to
him The machine has been patented by
II. l.. Putnam. of St. Joseph, Mo, and he
has 50 designed it that the box portion
can be folded up tight 10 keep out the
dust y7hen the machine is on the road.
The roof is suspended on posts set in
sockets at the four corners. and weights
and pulieys are provided to counterbalance
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1900-07-01
FIELD or THE NORWEGIAN.
Pittsburs molders set s. a day.

r,.t,,,,,r.. ,,,,,,,o-s get 3 > DIV
=, 80 t,,or.r,,b 5e;..
Japan ms I-o' s''sz=
New York electflcaI "oEAsES earn 81
day.
Hugh Cavanausl zen "a d 's~sl-e 10 a
Cincinnati church
The head Of the posta- department at
Gibralter is woman.
New York dock oui'1'e's WI. demand
the eight-houc day
y St. Louis judge has declared the Union
Label law unconstitutional
1t costs $l,5C9.0o per ME 70 build the
underground railways OF London
\ new electrical process Ior tanning
hides has Just been patented In Ger
many
The United States pays now an aTers=o
of ST GoG.Gto a day Tor tropical PRONE
tons
TIE ratio Of physicians IS 10 about 59
in this country and 70 LOU IT tHe t5F---
ish isles.
y million d7--2fs feF sra" berries = 81
record this season Tor Charlotte N, CO
shippers.
There are 1900 species OF plants used Tor
commercial purposes. Of these 20 are used
for perfumes.
The Chicago RealLH aUtheE.e!ss say tAsS
will put q stop to the Slaughter OF old.
worn-out horses for meat
| According 10 Bradstreet wages have ad-
ranced L to Is per cent. and the cost OF
living has advanced 3 to So per cent
Uncle Sans EXPORT Of manufactures
Of iron and steel tlLS Year VIII oe ABOUT
$i2E.000Qt4 or more than ~ per CEN
il. excess of last year.
Frisco Building Trades Council has re-
Cuested managers of daily papers to en-
pl0y only union sign writer's on the hulle-
tins during the coming campaign.
The largest and heaviest locomotive ever
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1900-07-01

the weight. allowing the roof 10 be raised
10 any desired height. To shut out the sun
curtains are placed around three sides of
the roo, ard in the centre of the box is
placed a seat for the customer. while the
rear end drops down to bring the foot-rest
into position. Compartments are provided
for the storage OF brushes, backing, etc,
and to steady the machine while III use
auxiliary posts are dropped to the pave
rnent and fastened with eaten. When the
shoes are finished the operator folds up
his machine and moves on to his next Gus
toner
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1900-07-01

Winding up a fish line with gamey
xash at the outer end OF The line Is a task
(which cannot be accomplished rapidly
with The style Of reel IN common t.se,
nnd often this inability 10 manipulate
She lisie viii, ease causes the loss of the
Ash at Tie critical moment, not to mefi-
zion the difficulty of playing The fish and
szisins attention 10 the reel at the same
Ifirsaa IN The cut is shown novel
Nerice which wsll take care Of the line
utmost without attention on the part of
tho angler Inside The grip is a spiral
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1900-07-01

rough sea. and 10 further aid in support
ing the float at the top of the water a
number OF separate air chambers are pro-
vided around the outer edge. with ribs to
distend them and lessen the liability OF
puncturc. Around the buoy, just above the
water 1ine a cable Is suspended, and the
ladder provides means to reach the outlook
at the top. where flag and bell are IN
use as signals 4 patent on this live-sav-
ing appliance has been granted to G. F.
Abraham Of Baltimore Nd.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1900-07-01

form The work will recommend It to the
practical carpenter. aside from the fact
that its COST is no more than the old
machine. At ono side of the frame which
supports the bits is a guiding plate
attached. in such a manner that the turn
of several t;iumb-screws viii move 1t for
ward or away fran the bits. thus ADJUST
ing the tool for cutting the 1nornse al
Tho proper distance from the cage oil tne
timber. and. as t.lc bits are removable
from the frame, the mortise can be made
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1900-07-01
r,o,, Cor t,rtt:,,m nEorr!scs.

The cutting Of 1nortises in timbers for
trame buildings has hitherto been labo-
.,io,is task. even with the cid of the boring
machine in common use for this purpose,
and without the 1nschine 1t IS Almost
s,nnossthle TO cut the series of holes in
-f,e= straight line necessary to form the
ono,tise. Isaac Schurman of DanNers.
Mass. has designed the tool shown in The
cut to replace the machine now in use
and the ranldity With which it will per-
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1900-07-01
Pneumatic r.ifc-savin. APPARATUS.

The invention mere shown speaks for
itself, and its advantages in saving lives
in case of a wreck easily be seen.
1t Is designed either to occupy a, place
among The equipments Of vessel or. to
be stationed near dangerous rocks alols
the coast, and not only provides a means
of support for those in the water. but also
carries a supply of food and water to
maintain life until aid arrives. There is a
central compartment In which the food
a. water are placed, to which access is
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1900-07-01
TRIGGER-ACTUATi5D REEL &c
FISH RODS.

string. which actuates central rod. The
Natter supporting a cog-wheei seared to
train of coss. AT the opposite end OF
This train is the reel on which the line
IS wound. the spring tending always to
eFind up the line. in placing the line on
kiIe reel 1t Is necessary To wind ~ the
sprtng by revolving the reel, the latter
s,eir,r- held against backward movement
t,v q, spring ratchet. This ratchet Is con
trolied by the trigger protrudfng from me
grip, and as soon as the end of the line
is attached to the reel pull on the trig-
ger will cause the reel TO revoive ana
Ea5ie up tie line. To play out the me
Eli that ds necessary is to pull on IT, wilicn
,syinds up the spring again and fixes it to
sake nm the slack as soon as the trigger
Is pulled. Robert NJ Ray, of New Castle,
Pa, is the inventor
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1900-07-01
An Up-ro-Date breakdown

Eyes, they eloped in an autoHaoolie-
THAT was nice :,
a havracR. dragging the auto after them.
cleveland Plain Dealer.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1900-07-01

Seven Conventions Promulgated
Forms Of Government,
WHAT JEFFERSON THOUGHT
Some Lessons to be Drawn From the
Deliberations OF the Various As
setnblngcs OF the states Repre-
sentative Citizens.


There have been seven conventions in
Virginia which promulgated constitutions.
Two OF them, known. respectively, as the
"Wheeling' and the Alexandria" con-
ventions, were in no sense representative
of the State at large, nor can any lessons
of wisdom be learned from them; SO only
casual notice VIII be taken OF them IN
the discussion of the general subject YET
some sideIights of Illustration may be
drawn from their deliberations, as will
appear in due course.
The real. conventions of Virginia were
held in 1776, 1S29-1S30, 1S501S5l, 1S60-1S6l, and
1SGI-1S68
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1900-07-01
Flexible Fire Escape.

The LADDER has proven itself the most
convenient fire-escape for all-around pur-
poses, and this has led Charles Harris,
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1900-07-01

of the desired length by taking off one
or more Of the end bits.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1900-08-01
THE SUrInER SCHOOL.
Another Profitable Week of n Success
full Gathering.

The second and closing week Of the
Caledonia county normal training
school has brought to town many more
teachers and 122 had registered up to
yesterday noon. Following are the
names OF those who were not given in
last weeks paper:
jamie Hall, South Ryegate; Abbie E.
Smith, St. ]. East; Stella R. Church,
Lower Waterford; Emma A. Stevens.
Danville; Mary l. Wiggin, Newport ;
Leola M. Carpenter, South Ryegate; !;
Kate D. Peck, st. Johnsbury; May E.
Farrow, South Peacham; Lila M. Hoff-
man, Lyndon Ce nter; Emma L. Moses.
Randolph; Effie M. Barber, Sheffield !;
Blanche NJ. Page, Groton; Mildred V.
Drew, No. Danvile; Annie P. Danforth,
Barton; Cornelia M. Bemis, East
Burke; Arvilla H. White, West Top
sham; Katie R. Wiley, Topsham; Ruth
A. Hoyt, Barnet; Ollie j. Morse, Peach
am; Alice S. McLachlin, South Peacham;
Nettie L. Gibson, Barnet; Mabel E. Dow,
West Barnet; Caroline M. Stewart,
South Peacham; Mary E. Adams, St.
Johnsburv; Edith L. Parker, Vershire; !;
Cora A. Curtis, Sutton; Alice N. Jenkins,
East Haven; Ida E. jenkins, East Hav-
en-; Susie M. Sargent, Union Village;
Alice NJ. Ilsley Union Village; Margaret
Renfrew, South Ryegate; Mary E.
Weeks, Hardwick; Alice W. Gil6llan,
East Burke; Agnes H. Frost, Elva M.
Kimball, and Lena G. Eastman all of
Lyndon Center; Christabel Houston,
South Walden; Lillian H. Rogers, Wal
den; Winifred E. Rich, Hartland; Mrs.
Augusta Pearl, McIndoes; c. E. Hall,
Lyndonville; M. Agnes McGouven, So.
Wheelock.
The instructors this week are Supt. A.
w. Edison, formerly principal of the
Randolph Normal school and superinten-
dent af one of the boroughs of Greater
New York; Alfred Turner, superintendent
of schools at Turner's Fails, Mass, Miss
Elizabeth Allen of the Johnson training
school and Miss Herrick, supervisor ot
drawing at Burlington. Hon. Mason S.
| Stone, state superintendent of education
was here yesterday and participated it
the school work.
Wednesday evening a pleasant recep
tion was rendered the attendants of the
school in the parlors of the st. Johns
bury house, under the management OF
the local teachers. A large number o.
teachers were present and an interest.
ing programme was arranged, consisting
ofsolos by Miss Ethel Abbott and Emma
L. Shufelt, piano and violin duets by
Nellie Carr and Walter Carr, and {
recitation by Miss Helen Hall. Puncl
was served. Last evening the teachers
were given reception in the Museum
The sessions of the school close next
Friday afternoon.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1900-08-01
The Party at Pinehurst.

Once again the doors of the home noted
for so many years forits hospitality were
opened, and on Friday evening Pinehurst
was the scene of a most enjoyable social
gathering. The grounds about the
house were lighted by lanterns of many
coors, and music was furnished by
Youngs orchestra. Mr.. and Mrs. Ash
ton R. Willard of Boston and Mr.. Far
we'll received the guests, assisted by Miss
McNicol of Sherbrooke. 1t was an oc-
casion where everybody felt at home,
and was especially enjoyed by those now
living elsewhere, who were afforded the
opportunity of meeting and greeting
their old friends. Delicious refreshments
were served during the evening, Mrs.
Willard and Mrs. P. F. Hazen presiding
at one table and Mrs. Henry Fairbanks
and Miss Stone at another.