davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1900-01-26

mitted to membership in this House of
Representatives.
Mr.. Lacey, Republican of Iowa, offered
an amendment TO the majority resolutions
providing for the expulsion of Mr.. Roberts
To this Mr.. Tayler made the point of or
der that the amendment was not germane
The speaker sustained the point of order,
on the ground that the original PROPOSE
ton only required a majority vote, while
If the amendment were added IL would re-
quire a two-thirds vote. The Republicans
appauded the Speakers ruling.
Mr.. Lacey appealed from the decision OF
the chair. Mr.. Tayler moved to lay that
motion upon the table. While the vote on
the latter motion was being taken, it be-
ing apparent that It would carry by
large majority, Mr.. Lacey withdrew the
appeal The first vote was then taken
upon the adoption Of the minority resolu-
tions to seat and then expel Mr.. Roberts.
There was no effort to pair the absent
Republicans and Democrats.
How the vote stood.
The minority resoutions-to seat anI
expel Mr.. Roberts-were defeated, 81 10
24l. The following members voted for the
minority resolutions:
Adamson, Allen OF kentucky. Allen Of
Mississippi, Atwater. Bailey Of Texas,
Ball. Bankbead. Bartholdt, Bartlett Bell,
Brewer, Broussard Of Louisiana, Burle7
son, Catchings, Chanler Clayton of Ala
bama, Cooney. Cooper Of Texas, DE Ar
mond. DeGraffenreid, Dinsmore, Elliott,
Epes Fitzgerald Of New York, Gayle.
Gordon, Green of Pennsylvania, Griggs
Of Georgia, Hay, Howard, Jenkins john
ston, Jones Of Virginia, Kahn, Kitchen,
Lester Klutz, Levy, Lewis. Littleheld,
Livingston, Lloyd. Loud Mccall, McClel-
Ian, McCulloch. Maddox. May, Meekison,
Meyer Of Louisiana, Newlands, Norton Of
Ohio, Norton Of South Carolina, Otey,
Polk. Quarles, Ransdel, Rhea of Ken
lucky, Richardson. Ridgely, Rixey, Rob-
bins, Robertson OF Louisiana, Rucker.
Rupert, Ryan OF New York, Ryan OF
Pennsylvania Scudder, Sims, Slayden.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1900-01-26
RELATIONS ARE NOT STRAINED.
feeling between England and Ger
many Growing Better.


many Growing Better.
Berlin Jan. 25.-A German gentleman Of
''sh po Jcal and social standing, who is
'lAS able to express .the views of Count
'o' Eaelow, the Foreign Secretary, upon
"sto-ierman relations, made the follow
-s statement 10 the correspondent of the
associated Press
Iae British do not ho,d a single Ger
man vessel and no negotiations are now
pr'etss since Germany has not yet
-0muHted her claims for indemnify In
|'s1aan Is first necessary, and this is
"N lru oeding.
IHo loeling between Great Britain and
es many is growing better, despite the
Il. ul The jingoes of both countries TO
D'nlrry. Recent remarks must not
~ u.'' tood as meaning that Germany
- aiming nc convening a conference for
r 'g l0i' luational settlement of the sea
rs 'i neutrals before the end of the
. all the talk about intervention
sr, ess. No such Intention exists
of ing the latest news from the seat
ise German papers r1dicule the Brit
y. The Vossische Heitung says:
rr ly this British success, Ike all
csi, esses, will dwindle with the re-
i' w. Ilrlher news"
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1900-01-26
sEABoARD SEEKS AN OUTLET.
Good Offer Made In Order TO Secure
n Line to Washington.


Line to Washington.
Richmond Va, Jan PA bill to char
ter the Richmond and Washington Air
Line Railway was introduced in the Leg
lslatuTe today
II is the Seaboard Air Line seeking an
outlet from this city to the national cap
ltal and the proposed road will In effect
parallel the Richmond, Fredericksburg
and Potomac Railroad.
The state of Virginia owns 2,762 shares
Of common stock and /, ,927 divldent obliga-
tons In the Richmond, Fredericksburg
and Potomac Railroad which yields rev.
enue of about $4,000 per aunum.
The Richmond and Washington Air
Line Railroad offers TO furnish the state
a bond of $4,000 in which IT agrees to
indemnify the state against any decrease
in its annual revenue from the Richmond
Fredericksburg and Potomac Railroad for
the term of five years, and obligates It.
self 10 buy from the state Its holdings in
the Richmond, Fredericksburg and Poto-
mac Railroad Of stock and dividend obli-
cations,
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1900-01-26

Harrisburg, Pa, Jan. 25-Thc State
Democratic Committee set the pace for
the democracy of other states to-day by
making Col William J. Bryan its choice
! for the presidency in 1900.
This action was taken by the commit
tee while Col. Bryan was on his way TO
Harrisburg from New York 10 attend the
meeting and confer with the party lead
ers. This afternoon is probably the first
time in the party's history that the Dem
ocrats of Pennsylvania have indicated
their choice for President in advance of
the State Convention
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1900-01-26
nir TeIcnhonc Comhine.

Hopknsvire Ky. Jan. 25.-The stock
holders of the Cumberland Telephone and
Telegraph Company met here to-day and
agreed to consolidate with the Ohio Valley
Telephone Company with capital stock
Of Sl0O00O00. The Ohio Valley officials will
ratify the consolidation at Louisville to-
morrow. Hopkinsvlle will be the headr
quarters. Control is secured of 10000 miles
Of wire from Carmi, H., 70 New Orleans.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1900-01-26

Its Death Due Largely to Work of
Ed O'Brien of Florida.

Washington, Jan. 25.-The House COM
mittee, 10 which was referred the Daily
bin, providing for a change in the system
of pllotaee decided to-day to indefinitely
postpone the consideration of that meas
ure. This means the death of the bill
The result is due in a large measure to
Tho work done here by State Senator Ed
O'Brien of Florida, president of the Ma
tional Pilots Association. and the influ-
ence which he has brought to bear. It is
claimed that the opposition to the present
system is found chiefly in a faction Of New
Workers. and that there is no real reason
for a change.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1900-01-26
HEARING IN sEABOARD CASE.
COmpIainants Urge the COnsOIida.
ton Is Unlawful.

ton Is Unlawful.
Macon Ga, Jan. 2j.-Complalnants
counsel In the case OF Dady against the
Georgia and Alabama and the Florida
Central and Penlnsular railroads replied
before Judge speer to-day 10 the defend
ants answers,
They submitted testimony to show that
the consolidation was iFegal and unau-
thorlzed and that John Shelton Williams
hal no right 10 bring about the consolida-
ton as one Of the trustees Of the voting
stock.
The charge was made that Williams.
Middendorf and their associates got sew
eral millions for carrying out the consoi-
dalton.
The defendants retired on their previous
answer trough they offered notice from
T. L. Ryan. given in December 1899 of
his clam n certain Seaboard stock and an
affidavit showing that the certificates OF
stock neld ~ Dady aud Rider had not teen
registered with the voting trustees. The
argument began at 80 O'Clock.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1900-01-26
AnE ON THEIR WAY NORTH.
Five of the Injured Remained In the
Wnycross Hospital.

Five of the Injured Remained In the
Wnycross Hospital.
Atlanta Jan. 25.-Advices to the Asso-
ciated Press from Waycross late tonight
say that the. Indiana lumbermen who
were wrecked there this morning, have
started for Atlanta. Thirty people were
injured or shaken up, but all are on their
way northward except five, whose inju-
ries will keep them in the hospital for sew
eral days.
Their names are:
Charles w. Davis. Wabash. Ind
l.. f.. Smith and wife, Rochester, Ind.
f. A. Brown and Miss Sarah e. Rob-
binle, Indianapolis.
OF these, Charles w. Davis was sup
posed at first to be fatally injured, but
latest advices from the hospital indicate
his complete recovery. The train is ex-
pected to arrive in Atlanta at o'clock
tomorrow morning.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1900-01-26

handed murderer. The Supreme Court
had held that polygamy was not religious
tenet
Mr.. De Armond of Missouri closed the de-
bate on behalf of the minority commit
tee with forty minutes speech. The ar
gument of the majority that the method
of turning Mr.. Roberts out mattered not
was the argument of Judge Lyncn. When
he decided that man should be hung he
also said it was immaterial how he was
hung.
Mr.. DeArmond scored those who had
unnecessarily abused Mr. Roberts He
would scorn as beneath him ana beneath
contempt an effort to evoke applause by
denunciation. But let it be not under
stood by some carping critic that he fav-
ored polygamy.
Il oppose it; l scorn it, said he. but
do not feel it necessary in order 10
show how good 1 am, how love mother
hood and chastity, to lend myself to
cheap abuse which requires neither ability
nor coura age,"
This utterance drew forth round of ap-
plause.
Close of the Debate.
Mr.. Lanham TexaS-closed the de-
bate in behalf of the majority resolutions.
He said we are not here to impose moral
or religious tests. We are cheerful to ac-
cord TO the people of Utah all the privi-
leges and immunities of citizens of sover-
eign states. They may elect whomsoever
they win, Mormon or Gentle, but he must
not be a polygamist.
I'm behalf of the affairs and firesdes
of our common land-the roof trees of
American homes-the holy estate of matri-
mony." he said, land the sacred and in
violable associations of the family circle.
with a solemn regard for the constitution
of my country and the dignity OF the pop
ular branch of its legislature-with a de-
cent respect 10 the opinions of mankind
and the fear of God before my eyes / de-
clare my belief that Brigham II. Roberts
ought not, for one instant of time, be ad-
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1900-01-26
WILL APPEAL CARTER's CASE.
Greene and GaynOr Hearing Post
pOned Until Jan. 27.

New York Jan. 25.-The examination in
the case of the Gaynor Bros. and B. d.
Greene, members of the Atlantic Con-
tracing Company, indicted in Savannah
for conspiracy and defrauding the gov
ernment, was resumed to-day before Unit
ed States Commissioner Shields.
Counsel for the defense asked an ad-
journment until Tuesday, in order that
further effort might be made to procure
essential Witnesses among them being
Brig. Gen. w P. Craighill, United States
army The commissioner granted an ad-
iournment until Saturday, Jan. 27.
Counsel for the defense said that on
Monday next they would have to be in
Washington in connection with the carry
mig of the appeal in behalf of former Capt
O. NJ. Carter to the United states Su-
preme Court
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1900-01-26
GLAD TO LEAVE MOROCCO.
Defnultlng Auditor Hunter Will
Reach Atlanta To-day.

Washington, Jan. 25.-Thomas j. Hunter,
the former auditor OF the Atlanta and
West Point Railroad, brought back here
from Morocco. whence he had fed, passed
through Washington with his guards to-
day en- route to Atlanta.
Hunter says the prison where he was
confiued In Morocco Is the most horrible
place imaginable. and he was glad to get
away from 4 alive, AZ any cosf,
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1900-01-26
FATAL DYNAMITE EXPLOSION.
Men Were KILLED and Two
We're Fatally Injured,

p, Neshlrre. Pa, Jan. 25.--A fearful eX-
=. ~ dynamite occurred In the yards
~ Jersey Central at Ashley. suburb
's .l,y, at Q o'clock tonight
NJ. h''ed are Frank Mclaughlin Of
% O01nk, aged q; Michael Bird aged
cltv 'ley; William Buckley OF this
'h'I %, all brakemen.
ers '.y oJured, two unknown men. 9th
T,' were tadly injured.
iroigb, ''cient was caused by a heavy
Side Se "Ain laundering down a mountain
IN ts yVnd control and forcing an engine
mite, p''A into a car loaded with dyna-
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1900-01-26

Chattanooga, Tenn, Jan 25.-Afler a
four-months' sojourn in Chattanoosa' an
snent In iail. Julia Morrison left this city
ta.dav 10 begin o provincial lecture tour.
The first lecture was de 'ivered tonight al. at
shelbyvil.e. Tenn. and was only fairy
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1900-01-26


in g o
London an Ome as Jus hMnga dispatch from camp n
Cen warau as mig cp p,m Kop surprising the small garrison " has been dtyu
day thong h ~ very
wounded
Oft hu h ha en,mysp nun
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1900-01-26
Gen. woodgate Has succumbed.

London, Jan. 26.-Advices have been re-
caVei from Spearman's Camp that Gen.
Noolsate has succumhed TO the wounds
ne received in the attack upon Spion kop.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1900-01-26
what convention WIN DO.

There was large attendance of Demo-
Gratis from all over the state to meet Col.
Bryan and hear him discuss the issues
on which the coming campaign will be
waged. The State Convention will be held
in this city on April 8. and will adopt a
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1900-01-26
said 10 Have Killed Himself.

London. Jan. 9.-According TO a specia
disnatch from Shanghai IL Is reported tina
emperor Kwang Su has committed SUI
,fge
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1900-01-26
NEW EMPEROR FOR CHINA.
But the Empress DowaGer VIII Con-
Time 10 Hold Her Power.

Time 10 Hold Her Power.
Peltin. Jan. 25-An imperial edict an
nounces that Pu Chun, "A years old, son of
Prince Tuan, is appointed heir to the pres
ent Emperor. Kwang Su, who announces
ill-health makes his abdication necessary.
THE new Emperor. il is said, will ascend
the throne Jan. 81. The Empress DOW
aqer win continue her strong power and
no change in the Chinese policy is in view.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1900-01-26
WANT BRYAN FOR PRESIDENT,
PENNSYLVANIA DEMOCRATS NAME
HIM FOR LEADER.

First Time the Democrats of That
state Have Ever Expressed Their
Choice for President in Advance
of the Convention-Bryan Was EN-
Enthusiastically Received at Harris
burg, where He Spoke on Current
Issues-IIIs other engagements.
New York, Jan. 25.-Col. William j. Bry-
an left Jersey City at 1915 this morn
ing for Harrisburg, Pa. He says that be-
fore he returns home he win accept the in
vitations of the Legislatures of Virginia
and Mississippi.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1900-01-26

Continued on Fifth Page.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1900-09-14
DAMAGE FROM WIND STORM.
About rs Per Cent. OF Fruit Shaken Oh
Oakland company's Smoke Stack Falls.

Reports of the wind storm q Wednes-
day afternoon. are now coming IN from
all directions and more damage IS re-
ported than was at first expected
Farmers and those who have orchards
report that about - per cent of the
fruit was shaken from the trees and
in most cases it will be Of very little
value.
During the blow, the top of the smoke
stack Of the Oakland Mani 90. was
blown off and this will make the cree
ton Of another one necessary, the old
one being almost entirely destroyed.
An attempt was made 10 open the
draw OF the Gardiner and PlttstOn
bridge but it was only opened little
way when it was seen that it was i'm
possible to fully open it and the Della
Collins was obliged to wait until the
wind abated before she could 80 up
with her load.
The wires about the city. electric
telephone and telegraph, have all been
repaired and are again in working or
der. The number NJ trees that Were
blown down was very large and great
many trees lost some of their branches
So far, there has been no report Of
buildings destroyed either in whole or
in part.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1900-09-14
REV. C. S. MCPHERSON
Passes Away at 1015 p. NJ. Wednesday
Alter Short Illness With Pneumonia.

The sad news Of the death Of Rev
Charles Sumner Nickerson of Card
ner. will be received with grief by his
large circle Of friends and admirers III
this city and Hallpwell. After about a
weeks illness with pneumonia and
later. heart trouble, he passed away at
his home on Lincoln street, at 1915
last evening.
Mr.. NickersOn's friends had hoped
for his speedy recovery, as he had
greatly improved in condition
Wednesday. but, Thursday afternoon,
his condition became worse and he
gradually sank until the end.
He was the beloved pastor Of the
Universalist church Of this city and al
50 acted as pastor of the Hallowell
church. Never has a pastor in this
city been dearer to the hearts of his
all subjects, he could with ease hold
the attention of his admiring congre-
cation. He was a hard, conscientious
worker; ii was due to him that the re-
pairs, just completed on the JTniver-
salst church, We're executed. He en-
tered into his work with zeal; made
friends by the score and he will be
sorely missed, especially by his con
SregatiOn.
Dr. Nickerson came to this city from
Norwood, Mass, and began his pas
torate here, May lst of the present
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1900-09-14

Of hotel at Craigs Point. Lake Ma
ranocook, but left that position to ac-
ccpt one here on the Hi. ana had
been here about one year. II was
largely through his influence ana Ell
forts that postOtIice was established
here. and he was also very successful
in stirring W the people To have en-
tertainments and lyceum. and h-
very generously opened his house IVY
the public for that purpose Having
resigned that position. however. he
wished before leaving to give typ his
boarders and 70 the people generally
some token # his kindly feelings IVY
wards them. 4O ho gut up a supper
with icc cream and cake and nf course
there was Il dance.
Hut much tI his surprise he found
that others could play at the game az
tokens. for the boardrIs took that on
portunity To- express their appreciation
~ his valuable services hy presenting
him with a handsome gold ring and
10 his faithful ana devoted wife Jn eic-
giant oak chair. MI Wilbur r. cum
minEs. the silyer-tpuguel orator uf
Grant,. Hill. made the presentation
speech ia Il FEW wen chosen words. ANA
Nj. Ad-I. man Of broad dimensions
ana seldom unbalanced. made the re-
Spouse in a Very happy frame Of mind.
to the delight III am present The ucca-
sion was one long To b. remembered.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1900-09-14

The Independent Order Of Good
Templars If Maine will hold its semi
annual session in Gardiner. oct. 10 and
u. on Tuesday evening. Oct g re
ception will be rendered the Grand
Council by the local lodge and friends.
The day sessions will be private, but
the public will be invited to attend the
temperance meetings that are held in
the evening, the place to be later an
nounced. These meetings will be adj
dressed by prominent members Of the
order. The program will be published
as soon as it is prepared.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1900-09-14
HalIOWeIl Advertisements.
Don't Rush Into Cities.

tilt has long been the belief Of Mr..
Suckncy, the president Of the Chicago
Great Western Railroad, that the farm
life of America has been needlessly som
nrv. He i~ "a very earnest advocate Of a
complete change in the methods Of farm
life. lie is i'm favor of creating a little
community wherever there are even
half dozen farmers scattered on the wide
Western prairies. He would have these
farmers come into a common community,
mot iu amy sense theoretically communal.
but community for cultivation for
mental advancement, for social progress,
for the fostering of the finer and the jOl
her features 0f life. He advocates the
union of these farmers into such a town
or community. each one going out from
MS home in the morning U his field as a
city ldburer goes out To his work. The
houses he would have built at some in
teTSecting point. which would at all times
leave the families Of the farmers in inn
mediate contact. Not only would there be
q great increase in the satisfaction Of
living. but protection would be insured in
chs emergencies ot sickness fire and
tramp- He would obliterate the isola-
zion which separates The farmer from the
world. ana which if We are TO believe
those who have made a study of the sub
ject, does much tp increase insanity in
rural regions,
yet Oh no point IL he more strenuous
in his writings than on the fOOliShneSs
shown by Intelligent men in Hooking 90
the cities for employment in already
oycrcrowdad quarters. when the OppOrtu-
mites i'm the country are 50 large and
tempting Up the man of clear vision.
Here is quotation from an address
which Air Stickney gave some time ago:
TO the dogs with the sentimental
nonsense that the examining process Of
the city schools ana the advantages OF
city churches. which YOU seldom enter,
''trt add that makes life living" and that
to remove to the country is 70 rob yOuF
children Nj these advantages. Let labor
ing men examine the pedigree Of the sue
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1900-09-14
4 Mighty Rich Man.

\ writer in the Outlook describes rae
III once took with an old farmer " !
New England village. during which SOME i,.
" the men Of the neighborhood c0nne u VII
der criticism. Speaking OF pronllnIetimn,
man in the village. ! said: is he I IIad
Of means?' Wen. sir. the farmer repi ha;s
he hasn't got much money, p9t ~ NJ
mighty rich He mas a great deaL y
land them? | asked. No. sir. ne h dsn
got much land, either, but he IS m llllssned
rich The old farmer, with a Please
smile. observed nv puzzled look tor
moment: and then explained; ~ 1o hasn't
he hasn't gut much money. ana rs lldI It'll
GOT much land. but still he is rich pc
cause he never went t. bed r 9wl Ilges an a.
man Il cent in an his life. He HNes as
VIII N; M wants To live, and he pays a.
il goes: ne doesn't owe anything fais aa every
man the truth. and does his duly oy I'M NJ
Self. his family and his neighborss, ,.a m,y
word ~ ~ good as his bond %nu Iooks
man. woman and child in the town w. ioOh he
lin III him ana respects him. No. s slll,,ybty
hasn't got much land but he d l M he
rich man, because he's So ~
wants.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1900-09-14

An alarm was rung in, at 10 O'Clock
yesterday forenoon, for a small fire
at the Johnson house, Greenville street.
caused by the explosion Of 4 lamp
stove. The fire companies responded,
but We're not needed, as with the
prompt assistance of the neighbors.
the occupants Of the house had extin-
guished the flames before serious dam
age had been done.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1900-09-14
Tokens Of Appreciation 10 Mr.. Adell.

On the night of Sept. 4, 1900. there
occurred at the boarding house OF
Granite Hill a very pleasant affair
during which Mr.. George X. Ardell, the
genial proprietor Of the house, ana hi,
patient and obliging wife We're the re-
cipients of tokens Of appreciation from
their boarders.
Mr.. Ardell was formerly proprietor
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1900-09-14

WCrknocn on West street, yesterday
afternoon discovered smoke issuing
from the house of s. Q. Sawyer. They
broke IN u door ana found a small
blaze in a lounge, which was easily
eXtinGushed. Damage, trihing.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1900-09-14
What Shall We Have for Dessert

This question arises in the fanny ev-
cry day. Let US answer 1t today. Try
Jell-O, a delicious and healthful dessert,
Prepared in two minutes. No boiling! no
baking! simply add boiling water and
set to cool. Flavors: Lemon, Orange.
Raspberry and Strawberry. Get q pack
AVe ut your grocers TO-DAY. 10 -.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1900-09-14

The damage To the store of NJ Kelley
& Go. IN the gale Of Wednesday, caus-
"a by the falling Of the awning. Il
thought 70 be about $50 Fortunately
n" one was hurt. and no other serious
consequence followed.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1900-09-14

The world says it is not
polite to talk about your all
ments.
DR.. Aver says: "Talk to
me all you like about your
aches and pains, your good
feelings and i'll feelings"
And it costs you only the
effort Of sending letter to
Lowell.
]. c. AVER COMPANY,
Practical Chemists, Lowell, Mass.