davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1900-01-17
Ladies' AID Society.

The retiring officers of the Ladies'
Aid society of the First Presbyte-
rian church will give a measuring
social at the residence of Mrs. w
T. Bogie. on the afternoon o.
Thursday. Jan. Is, from 8 to
O'Clock.
Mas. WHITEMAN, See.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1900-01-17

In pulmonary troubles, the direct
action Of Billiards. Horehound Syrup
upon the throat, chest and lungs,
Immediately arrests the malady, by
relieving the distress, cutting the
and freeing the vocal and breathing
organs. Price % and so cents at W.
3. Frame.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1900-01-17
MasOnS to Meet.

The members of Ardmore Lodge
No. 81. A. F. and A. NJ. wi |
meet in the Odd Fellows hall to-
night to hear reports of committees
and attend such other business as
way be deemed expedient by the
lodge. Meet promptly at Z O'Clock.
w. T. BoGIE, w. M.
ID. T. NIsBETT. Sec.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1900-01-17
Jail Quarantined.

.Jailer German, taking pattern
after the city. has quarantined the
jail and Jail yard, by posting a no
tice on the gate, No admittance,
keep ont" We presume this ap-
plies to all alike, prisoners as we'll
as visitors. The fact is Mike does
not want any outsiders to contract
jail measles.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1900-01-17
Notice of Sale.

To = MeLain and to others whom it
may concern:
You are hereby notified that will
sell at public outcry to the highest
bidder for cash IN hand on the 18th
day of February, 1900, at our livery
stable IN Ardmore. l. T., ore black
horse pony, about seye or eight
years old. Is or Ii hands high, blaze
in face, left hind foot white, which
said horse was left in charge of the
undersigned at his livery stable in
the town Of Ardmore on the 18th day
of December, 1899; and out of the
proceeds of said sale will pay, first
the cost and expenses of such sale,
and second, the amount due me for
my charges for feed and care for
such horse up to that time, and the
balance, 10 any, will be hell subject
to the order of said McLain.
17-d1tw3t MYNATr & BROCK.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1900-01-17

A Measuring Party is given to you,
IT'S something novel as we'll as new,
The Invitation is in the sack.
For use In bringing or sending back
Three cents for every foot you're tall.
Measure yourself on door or wall.
An extra cent for each inch give,
And thereby show how high you live.
Music and song. recitation and pleasure.
We will meet one and all at our Party of
Measure"
AT the residence of Mrs. w. T. Bogie.
Thursday afternoon. January Is, 1900. from 3
to O'Clock.
Refreshments
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1900-01-17

r. r.. Jones, a prominent busl-
ness man from Province. who re-
Gently lost his store and stock OF
merchandise by fire, was here to-
day. Being uninsured Mr.. Jones
loss cripples him very much, but
he has the grit to come again.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1900-01-17
SfraYed or Stolen

One brown pacing horse mule,
about l5I hands high, branded
J T on left shoulder, about eight
years old. tail fresh sheared. Re-
ward of $40 for return or for in
formation leading to recovery
Call on or address this office, or c.
d. Potter, Corsicana, Texas.
Il .-t
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1900-01-17

The street commissioner is do
ing some good work on Main street
near the court house. and if just
let alone we venture there will be
no more lakes of mud and water
in that vicinity.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1900-01-17
House Wanted.

Want to rent four or FIVE room
cottage or pleasant rooms for light
housekeeping by man and wife,
no children. Address r. o. box
$50, Ardmore, /. 7. ll-6t
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1900-01-17
A New Map.

Just out, complete map OF the
Indian Territory, showing all post
offices and railroads; also all town
ship and range lines. Price 81.
For sale by Frank Lewis. Durant,
Ind. Ter. I'LL
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1900-01-17
Pauis Valley is Guaranteed.

ArdmOre has raised her quar-
antine against Pauls Valley, having
become convinced that no reason
existed for it. 1t is rigidly main
tained against infected points. how
ever.-Gainesville HesperiaI.
The ARDMOREITE desires to in
form the Hesperian that the quar-
antine has net been raised against
Pauls Valley, and the same is as
rigidly reinforced today as ever it
was. The Globe Democrat was the
first paper to publish this falsehood.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1900-01-17
For Sale.

i offer for sale all the fixtures in
my store room, consisting of
shelving, counters, show cases,
etc. Call early.
15-3t j. s. b. APOLLos.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1900-01-17
NORTH Ardmore Propertv.

We are credibly informed that a
move is on foot to raise the money
10 pay off the Judgment lien held
by Receiver McNeisb against North
Ardmore. The movement is in the
hands OF prominent and influential
citizens who have carefully looked
the situation over and find that
even IT Mr.. Frensley should be
successful in evading the payment
OF the monies for which he sold
the Adkins property and thereby
defeat Adkins creditors. there
would yet>remain the contest be-
fore the townsite commission. the
commissioner of Indian affairs and
the department of the interior.
winch would cause great delay aud
large expense to our people. More
over a great many ugly questions
Will be avoided in this matter
which might be sprung in the very
near future. We think the move
ment wise one as the payment of
this Judgment will relieve all bad
results of the sale which is already
advertised and the effect of the
withdrawal of contests.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1900-01-17

J. D. Ruby and Geo. f Ruby,
the two men recently brought here
from Texas, charged with arson,
burning the new residence of j. S.
Alverson at Woodford, have been
released on bond.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1900-01-17
Got the Measles.

There are ten cases of measles
among the inmates of the United
States Jail. This is the only sick
ness in there now, the general
health ef the p,iso ners being good.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1900-01-17
Thirty DAYS.

AS we are just introducing this
work, We will, for the next thirty
days. take the slack out of your
buggy axles for 81 per buggy.
lift BROADWAY CARRIAGE SHOP.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1900-01-17

Coming Feb. 2. the celebrated
lecturer aud entertainer, Governor
Bob Taylor. at the opera house ore
night only.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1900-01-17

J. B. Spraglns & Co. have the
finest line of eook and heating
stoves in the city. Call and get
one cheap. "a d&wtf.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1900-01-17

II your stomach is disordereG
bowels irregular, and you don't feel
we'll, you need Prickly Ash Bitters.
1t is very effective In removing this
condition. Sold by w. b. Frame.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1900-01-17

100 piece Dinner Set, Haviland
& Cos. China, was $50. will sell
for coming week at $37 so.
J. M. GOLLEDGE & Co.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1900-01-17

Will Deveney. the carriage trim
mer, will be found at the Broad
way Carriage Shop hereafter, and
all work intrusted to his care will
receive prompt and careful atten-
ton. All first-class work solicited
and all work guaranteed.
l6tf ID. + ALLEN. y
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1900-01-17

DIR. J. w. Moffett, city physi-
elan. will be at his Office from IL
q m. to / p. m.. and from to
o. m. every day to vaceinate the
city poor. Office in German build
ing, Main street.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1900-01-17
want Your Laundry Work.

The fire has not burned either
BIeakmore or Rollins and they will
call for your laundry regularly as
before. The ArdmOre Steam
Laundry will see that yOur work is
done to a queens taste as it has
been heretofore. 24tf
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1900-01-17

PrickIy Ash Bitters cures the kid
neys, regulates the liver and purihes
the bowels. A valuable system tonic.
Sold by W. b. Frame.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1900-01-17
Wanted to Rent

A good five or six room residence
in a desirable neighbOrhood.
14tf TYLER & SIMPSON,
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1900-01-17
Axle Machine,

We are now prepared to take up
the slack in your buggy axles,
which will make your old buggy
run like a new one.
l6tf BROADWAY CARRIAGE SHOP.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1900-01-17

Have you a cold? A dose of Bal
lard's Horehonnd Syrup at bedtime
will remove it. Price 25 and 50 cts
at CITY Drug Store and w. B. Frame
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1900-01-17

100 piece Dinner Set, genuine
Syracuse China, was $3.50, the
coming week for $40.
j. M. GOLLEDGE & Co,
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1900-01-17

A good second hand carriage,
will be sold cheap at broadway
Carriage Shop. l6tf
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1900-01-17

Chattel mortgage blanks and
notes, on hand all the time at the
ARDNOREITE office.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1900-01-17

For TRADE-An Elgin watch
for set of single buggy harness.
l4.3t JOHN II. ALEXANDER.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1900-01-17

Rev. j. n. Moore united in mar
riage at the old Watkins place last
Sunday evening, Mr.. Holybee of
Allen, /. T., and Miss Lucinda
Tucker of this place.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1900-01-17

Dispositions were fled with the
clerk today in the case of M. Brad
shaw VS.. Mrs. A. E. Aldrich.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1900-01-17
0unSI 0unSI

Noble Bros, have any kind of a
gun you want. Breech and maya
zine guns, shot guns or rifles. 1tf
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1900-01-17

Rev. Charles G. Weith, of JEFF
ferson. Okla, will preach at the
Presbyterian church next Sabbath.
Jan 81
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1900-01-17

Bivens Il Williams have a genu
Inc bargain to offer you in a neat,
light. true shooting target gun.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1900-01-17

F.. w. Fairman is dealer in Op-
tical goods. He will call at
your house, and test yonr eyes free
of charge; leave orders at the ARD
MOREITE office. l6- I'm
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1900-01-17

$3.50 Chamber Sets go at $3.50
the coming week.
J. NJ. GoLLEDGE & Co.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1900-01-17
Fingers Cut Off.

/. f. Teague. while feeding the
corn crusher at Blanton, Ray and
company's mill yesterday, had the
misfortune to get his right hand
caught by the machinery. The
little finger was dismembered above
the second joint and the flesh torn
from the fore finger. The injury
is quite a painful one and will de-
prive MIR. league the use of his
hand for many days.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1900-01-17

Leave orders at T. y. Coleman :
drug store for painting and paper
hanging. j. O.. WATTS. 7-lm
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1900-01-17
Best Bread in Town.

Two loaves Of bread at Speigle's S
bakery for 3 cts, spot cash. 15tf
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1900-01-17

Nora Map. the sixteen months
old child of Mr.. and Mrs. Tngle,
in North Ardmore. was buried
yesterday in South cemetery.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1900-01-17

Anything and everything in the
way of legal blanks. can be had at
the ARDMOREITE office.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1900-01-17
Best Bread Tnwn

Two lOaves of bread at Speigle's
bakery for . cts, spot cash. 15tf
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1900-01-17
Best Bread IN Town

Two loaves of bread at Speigle's
bakery for S cts. spot cash. 15tf
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1900-01-17

All Lamps Jardenieres and Cut
Glass at eest.
j. Nj. GOLLEDGE & Co.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1900-01-17
Desk for sale.

A second hand walnut folding
cabinet desk. in good condition
for sale cheap. Apply at this Of
flee. 12tf
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1900-01-17
st. Phiiin's 8 Guild

The ladies of st. Philips guild
will serve refreshments at the rec
tory, Friday afternoon from 3 to.5
O'Clock. Everybody invited. Re-
freshmentS 10 cents.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1900-01-17

Thackeray's works in eight vol
umes, first-c class condition, for sale
cheap. This Office. 14tf
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1900-01-17

Nice suite of Office rooms to rent
upstairs in Randol building. See
K. W. Randol. l6tf
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1900-01-17

$13 Chamber Sets 90 at So at
]. M. GOLLEDGE & Co.'S.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1900-01-17

Miss Nina Grim j is still quite
sick. a-t.' Set
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1900-01-17

The Ladies' Aid society of the
Cumberland Presbyterian church
will meet Thursday afternoon at
B O'Clock with Mrs. Stowe on Main
street. Refreshments, 10 cents.
MRS. ROBINSON. Sec.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1900-01-17
For Sale.

TowHsite Commissioners.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1900-01-17

j. E. Peters and wife are here
from their home in Texas visiting
their daughter, Mrs. j II. Jordan.
The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume] (Ardmore, Okla.) 1893-current, 1900-01-17

Mas. WHITEMAN, Sec.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1900-01-15
SAID TO SUPPLY PAssAIC WATER.
CHARGES AGAINST THE ORANGE WATER
COMPANY-THE LACKAWANNA TRAIN
SERVICE DISCUSSED

East Orange, Jan. IA (speciaD.-At the meeting Of
the East Orange Town Improvement Society last
night Dr. ]. NJ w. Kitchen made charges about
the water used in the city and supplied by the
Orange Water Company, which ostensibly procures
its supply from open wells in the northern part OF
the city. DR.. Kitchen stated that he had been
told that the East Jersey Water Company was
fittle FANS He did not believe this he said till
he went there and saw 1t with his own eyes. ne
typhoid fever, and he thought it high time for
East Orange to own its own supply pc boIssnWe
water could be obtained by sinking deep wells 3 Ia
referred to the Public Welfare Committee with
William Jefferys deplored publicity. and believed
that it would be great damage to the community
to advertise the condition or the wafer fff ne ne
Legislature to give the Sewage Commission en-
of their own Citizens who were running the Orange
Water Company, for he thought they were con con
scientious and doing the best that they could The
George R. Howe moved that a committee OF
three be appointed to cooperate with the New
England Society in obtaining better service from
DaVid Bingham opposed this as he said the New
England Society, under the lead of John o. Heald'
Mr. Howe denied this and stated that Mr. Head
had expressly disclaimed any such intention or
Mr.. Bingham thought it only courteous to see
the two OFFICIALS who lived In East orange y ana Ie'
George W. Fortmeyer called attention to the 1act
service TIL after such trains had put on the
Erie Railroad, thus compelling action.
full locomotives were being built for the road.
and that Superintendent Russell stated that Il Was
not possible TO handle the heavy frame any peIIe
now on account OF the lack OF these addltonal
George B. barley said that the main cause Of the
bad service the utter want Of esprit de corps
been cut down in pay and We're nervous lest their
places ho1d be taken ken bTaws was introduced
laid over the next meeting providing That mouse
membership
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1900-01-15
WANTS THE SALE SET ASIDE.
THE RECEIVER OF THE MIDDLEsEX COUNTY
BANK SEEKS TO ENFORCE A JUDGMENT.

THE RECEIVER OF THE MIDDLEsEx COUNTY
BANK SEEKS TO ENFORCE A JUDGMENT
Receiver Edward s. Campbell OF the Middlesex
County Bank which was wrecked by its cashier,
George NJ. Valentine, is suing to set aside sale or
Perth Amboy property by Robert n. Valentine,
father Of the defaulter, to the Mddlesex Land and
Investment Company, which is composed of the four
brothers of Robert n. Valentine, Edwin, Howard,
]. r. and NJ. D. Valentine. The receiver wants TO
enforce against the property judgments OF SS5S 70
and SIG 022 S. with costs and interest against Rob
ert n. Valentine.
Herbert W. Knight. of Newark Special Master
IN Chancery, is taking the testimony in the case.
the Special Master last week. He and Howard
Valentine were bondsme1 for his son as cashier In
the sums OF $4,000 and SO Co., respectively He had
told Howard that If anything should happen he
would stand for the whole amount of the bonds.
When the crash came Robert the father owed the
bank about $4,000 notes which he mad lndorseq
for his and $1,000 on another note with a good
indorser He then worth about $4,000 His
property consisted largely of a clay bank, and TO
prevent its sacrifice at forced sale his four broth
ers formed the company and purchased 1t: except
5000 additional from one of his brothers for the
remaining shares OF stock. Another $1,000 was ad-
vanced by his brother. With this he paid his sons
bonds and also the 81 900 note The $4,000 of notes
Endorsed by him for his left unpaid. He is
now receiving salary of $4,000 superintendent of
the company thus organized
and then the receiver filed a bill in chancery ask
ing that the sale to the company be set aside and
that the judgment be a lien on the property. The
receiver alleges that the $4,000 of Endorsed
not enough to pay the surety bonds, Howard Valen-
tine should be compelled to settle the bonds with
the receiver, regardless OF any private agreement
as he in law equally responsible with the other
bOn0Sman.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1900-01-15
TO STOP EATING HARDWARE.
JOHN sAsEL. WHOSE JUNK SHOP" sToM-
ACH WAS OPERATED UPON,
MAY RECOVER

John SaseI, from whose stomach an almost in
credible amount of hardware was taken on Satur-
day by Dr. George G. Hopkins. at St Johns Hos
ptal was resting easy last night. Dr. Hopkins
said that it would be impossible TO say definitely
whether he would recover until to-day. Sasel says
that he is glad to have got rid of the trouble
some hardware, which had made him uneasy since
December 10. DR.. Hopkins, in speaking of the case
yesterday. said:
1T does seem incredible, doesn't 1t? If had
read it in paper and had not known It of my own
knowledge wopid not have believed such a thing
possible I cannot understand even yet how the
man happened to keep all of those things on his
stomach The walls of the organ were swollen
When I made the incision and began to take out
the various articles those of my colleagues present
were transfXed with amazement. Yes, we found
three chains. One of them a key chain, OF
nickel, the others were watch chains, one brass
and the other nickeh One of these latter had
charm on it. Then we took out a ring with a
setting, and after that the pins and nails. There
Were about two hundred pins, ten two and a half
there were two small keys and several hairpins
Sasel swears that he swallowed eight more horse
shoe nails, glass lamp pendant and several hun
dred more pins. These are not in ms stomach
Of that sure, for ran my hand all around
and that it was entirely clear"
Among the doctors who witnessed the operation
e Woolworth, DIR. E. Paul Harmon, DR.. Earl
Worth, DR.. H D. Hotchkiss, DR.. H. B. De La
in saying that they never heard Of a man before
who was able to hold so many foreign substances
in his stomach.
Sasel says that if he RECEIVERS he will never again
try to load his stomach with indiscrimnate lot
of hardware. He had given exhibitions in
museum for fourteen weeks, and had endeavored
given to him by the spectators. sasers mother
lives at No. 4S3 Bushwick-ave.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1900-01-15
THREE GLASSES OF CHRISTIANS.
DIR. NEWELL DWIGHT HILLS SAYS THAT
ONE OF THEM. OUTSIDE THE CHURCH
EMPHASIZES GOOD DEEDS

The Rev. Dr. Newell Dwight Hills spoke in
Plymouth Church yesterday morning on Fear,
Law and Love-" He said in part:
From this overlargeness of the world house we
large enough for earth's millions, but too large for
one man. A world that offers innumerable land
scapes and faces unto artist whose life avails
but for few pictures will also present thousand
feet along but one pathway. The tropical
richness of the moral realm makes each individual
is enticed westward by the attractions of Japan
Ward toward d the land Of the Parthenon or Pyra-
mds each heart must choose between the eX-
home or the City or make the heart Helpful toward
the orphan or the slave r AS the glory OF wheat
other SO there is one moral glory OF the factory
schoolroom and another glory of the home.fOr one
virtue differs from another HrtHe IN gi9y II
reformer toward the bottom OF society, some SONS
ing Of States. Will become reformer toward the
Recalling these apostolic heroes who gave Chris
pass before the mind Clothed with dissimiiarity
PAN comes before US in the garb of a philosopher
and logician. He assumes he reflects, he links
US on toward an Irresistible conclusion. But tehn
was poet and seer: He comes musing' weeping
that seemed a volcano pouring forth passions Ike
gates of pearl and ever blooming trees with foun
tains Of the. water of life But James is unlike
ent Of Paul the apostle of works rejects that
John and thinking of the widow and orphan, he
seems to anticipate General Booths words, zone
pot OF hot Cruel, petticoats and wool blanket
are worth a well fun of tears" But no thoughtful
will be disturbed by these dissimilarities. In
every age there have been two classes in the
Church. The one emphasizes knowledge and cult
ure the other emphasizes affection and sentiment
and outside of the Church stands third class of
Christians, whose emphasis has been upon good
deeds, conduct and character. In the physical
realm our sun flooding each root and germ with
sunshine asks each violet or palm to move toward
its own excellence. Thus Jesus Christ, rising In
untroubled splendor upon the souls horizon, urges
each soul TO fulfil its unique career. The unity
of the moral realm is the unity Of the summer, and
not the unity of sand heap.