The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1900-05-23
FARM NEWS AND VIEWS.
The Cost Of Hauling Manure-Treat-
ment Of Grass Lands.
Phnaaelphia Record.

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Manures vary 50 greatly as to make
il difficult to estimate their value.
When large proportion Of coarse
foods are fed, with but a limited
amount Of grain, the manure raay not
he worth the cost Of spreading it, I'M
less on field very near the barnyard.
The average value Of one ton of Ordi-
nary stable manure, which includes
the materials mixed with that voided
by the animals, is 8, and the cost de-
pends upon the hauling, as web as the
loading and spreading. Such work
requires a man and two horses, and
unless the manure has been well de-
composed the loading and spreading
may be tedious work Considering the
time Of hauling from livery stables to
the barnysrd, il may make the cost OF
such manure more than It's value, if
the distance is great, as the manure
must be loaded on the wagon, thrown
out into the heap at the barnyard, and
again loaded on the wagon and hauled
TO the field to be spread. At value Of
bot s2 per ton it viii pay farmers to
purchase fertilizers in preference to
baying from livery stables, and espe-
eially when the manure consists most
ly of straw.
Grass lands are supposed 70 recuper-
ate, and heavy sod is desirable, but
when such lands are grszed or moved
there is a loss Of plant food aud the
soil will become poorer unless manure
or fertilizer is applied. When grass
appears 70 die cut it is an indication
that the plant food is becoming ex-
hausted. The best plan to pursue is to
keep stock Off the field and apply fer-
tilizer, following with heavy appliea-
ton Of manure in the fall. II the
grass does not show satisfactory effects
from such treatment plOw the field and
plant with corn the following spring.
When breeding for better COWS it is
not expected that the herd will be
changed hurriedly. About one half Of
the calves will be males, and some
loss may occur, but the dairyman who
will stick to the work Of improvement
will in a few years have a herd of cows
that will produce twice as much milk
and butter as he now receives. lie
will thus gain space in the barn for
more cattle Of the same kind, rs one
good COW will be doing the work Of
two inferior ones.
Those interested in flower beds
should understand that when the
ground is prepared it must be very fine.
not lump or elod to be allowed. As
the seeds Of some kinds Of flowers are
very small the only covering they
should have When planted is to sift a
little dirt over them. Use only fine
as coarse or unrOtten manure
will sometimes prove injurious to both
seeds and plants.
Small farms can be made to combine
many advantages. Some poultrymen
grow plums in the poultry yards, and
also keep bees Others grow early veg
etables under glass and also grow two
Or three crops in the open ground.
One gardener near Philadelphia makes
A large profit on four acres, on which
be grows only lima beans. Another
makes peas 8 speciality, following the
peas with late cabbage. To attempt to
farm four acres the usual way, with
wheat, corn, cats, etc, would cause
The crops that pay best
are those that require the most hard
abOr.
Economy on the farm Is where the
profits are made. The utilization of
'oOds that are usually wasted will per-
nit of keeping more stock and cheap
ming Of cost Of production. A lead
ng New York farmer states that the
iaving Of only one cent a day on The
cost of each COW in the state would
amount to over 81, 900, 600 a year. The
gain of only one quart Of milk a day
would make an additional profit of
~, ,O0O,OOO in one year.
Where the field is full Of thistles the
work Of their destruction will be found
more difficult in spring than in the
all unless done with sheep. Some
farmers throw a little salt wherever
they find a thistle aud the sheep then
Eat it down close TO the ground, keep
ing it cut off from time to time, which
eventually results in the field being
cleared CT such pests.
The annoyance Of flies to cows and
horses in summer is severe, and it viii
pay farmers to have screens TO the sta
oles and windows. Once a week the
floors and manure heap should be
sprayed with a solution made by dis
solving a pound Of eOpperas in 10 gal
Ions of boiling water.
When butter is churned it is simply
the gathering of the globules or fat in
to a mass When the cream is too
cold they will not unite. Churning is
done at about 81 degrees, according to
conditions. The globuies vary, being
smaller in the miik from some cows
than from others, and in one drop Of
milk it is estimated that there are 200
or more globules. It is evident, there
fore, that a pound Of butter contains
many billions of them, bIL in the
churn they are brought together, some
times slowly or rapidly, according to
management Of the
cream, etc.
To accommodate those who are par
tial to the use Of atOmizers in applying
liquids into the nasal passages for ca