The evening times., 1900-06-30
NEW SCIENCES IN WARFARE
The Value OF the TeIephoto lens ia
RecOnnci~sa noes.

Wireless Jeiegraphy. The heIi0graph, and
the ballCcl find their most Important mil
ita-y application IN TecoluoissaEce work
With these aids and accessories il would
appear that there is today very little ex-
cusc for a leader Of troops net knowing
the position OF the enemy. or the co1hg-
uration Of the ground On a prospective
battlefield, as has been the case so OfJea
in South Africa Science and invocation to-
geJher. however. have added stiu another
aid, one that promises 10 be OF immense
value namely. the JelephotO lens
TelephOIOgraphy is the arr OF talking.
by a special and variable long focus tsIe-
scOpic lens. officially adjusted 20 the lens
OF a good Photographic camera. photo
graphs OF objects a long distance OF as II
the operator were comparatively close 10
them Consequently. an object FIVE or ten
miles away. which, by ordinary phOtogra-
ply would cover CT the Photograph a space
az inch square. can be made 20
cover by telephCtOgraphy q space six
teen, thirty-twO. or slXty-fOur inches
square. depending on the magnify
ing power OF the lens and the size Of the
camera used. The advantage Of this is
apparent. for a teIeDhOtogrsph Of an enc
my's position gives a commanding officer
q. birds eve view Of the ground, OF the
eneIy's forces. OF their positions, Of his
trenches. and gun eupIloemsats. all ac-
curateiy drawn 10 scale and on a sheet
OF a size convenient fo- study and refer
ence. The range OF such q lens is prac-
JicaIIy unlimited. and useful photographs
are readily obtained ar distances beyond
gun range. moreover. balloons can be util-
ized for obtaining views from above the
surface Of the earth
The telephoto-leHs vas Invented about
ten years ego, and placed On the market hy
Dallmeyer II England. DuhcscQ IN France.
and Neithe ir Germany Experiment. with
light instruments were 0rEde by the Inte Il
sence Department in E-g1in5 a. early as
1892. but the climatic conditions aud tEe
fact that the telephot0 Cam-ra was then n
its infancy. ard consequently very Cefzc-
tive, caused il to be condemned by he
War Once 81 the time. Exp =TiusCts were
continued. however. and Improvements
gradually increased It's practical use. IN
the Chiuo-J5pGuese war Of 1884 il was U e3
for the FIST time in actual warfare. aud
one Of the japanese of.-c~-s oht1inzd sl.ce
excellent te,ephO5OgTaphs o. The naval bat
tie CG the Yaiu River One Of these CT
the large Chinese man-of-Tor Tie-yen-
taken ~ distance Of over two miles. 2. e.
seuts q fine view Of the effects Of the pro-
iectiles.
Coed teIeghotograprs have been obtaiaed
az a distance OF over forty miles. and those
taken beyond artillery range (ten miiesl
sCe on q sufficiently large scale 70 be Cf
practical use.
The uses 10 which the valuable adicnct
could be put are various. The navy. fer
example, could use e 70 obtain photographs
OF foreign coast deferces from beyond the
three-mile limit The land army. by TAX
inE a series OF photographs OF the enemy $
line at different times during an attack or
a siege. would find this 2 valuable means,
not only Of locating his positions. but a so
Of discovering fresh entire enChmeuts Jhat
mcy have bsen thrown up during the night
The British War Ofdce Is said 20 have
sent but 0ae small telcph0tO camera 20
South Africa. and this oae is attached 70
a bicycle Of course. this Instrument can
give no useful results. Large cameras
and powerful lenses should be used. either
on commanding points or IN baIlOo-sA Had
such a series Of photographs been taken,
on the Tugela or on the MoGder River.
Of ali the B0er positions, and copies dis
tIibUted to the commanders. the confusion
OF orders. mis2iTectiOn of advance. Uisun-
derstandinE OF the topography and position
o. trenches. so common in this campaign.
would have been avoided, st least 20
great extent
The subject iSof such Importance that
IL would seem 20 recommend itself for
study bv cur army. and the interests in
the subject is Increased by the fact thai
such photographs would furnish iEvaIu-
able data fCr history and military science