davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1900-11-03

iority at 10000. Here is a sample para
graph of the interesting utterance:
4" Democratic gains are reported from
nearly every county in the State. We
nave received reports direct from seven
ty-six of the eighty eight counties. We
shall carry Hamilton county, in which
The city of Cincinnati is situated. by a
majority of $500. This is a Democratic
gain of $4,000 over the vote of 1896. We
Will carry Cuyahoga county, in which
Cleveland is situated, by majority of
1000 This is Democratic gain of TO-
100 over the vote of 1885, We will carry
Lucas county, in which Toledo is situated
by majority of 1000 This is a Demo-
cratic gain of 5000 over the vote of 1896.
We Will carry Franklin county by ma
Jority of 1000, a Democratic gain of 5000
votes over 1896. We will carry Summit
by 500, a gain of 100
There is much more to the same effect,
living figures of Democratic gains in
Athens, Butler. Clark, Belmont, Erie,
Lake, Lorain, Montgomery, Logan, Wash
ngton, Trumbull, Richland, Scioto,
Warren, Mahoning Muskingum, Clinton,
Coshocton and other counties. Even Bry-
TN himself Joined the claim everything
group today. From what nave seen
and from reports which have come to
me- he wrote today, 1 am certain that
Indiana is Democratic With Bryan
confident of his own election. as he UNI
doubtedly is, and with Chairman Hanna
predicting that Mckinley will get more
electoral votes than he received in 1896,
some one is certain to weep tears Of dis
appointment after the closing of the polls
next Tuesday"
The Democrats have polled the 10000
German votes in Indianapolis and find
that 1000 are for Bryan; 1900 for Nc
Kinley, and 1900 doubtful Chairman
2Iartin and Mayor Taggert say Indiana
is safe for Bryan and the Republicans
cannot buy or steal it.
Jerry Simpson, with thirty pretty young
women, is now making the tour of his life
in Western Kansas in the interest of
Bryan. Simpson is leader of this unique
party. but he has some young women
with him who are equally we'll advised as
10 the political issues in this campaign.
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1900-11-03

There is more style about some board
ing houses than here is grub.
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1900-11-03
VS.. DUNCAN. Affirmed.


Town commissioners are empowered to
impose penalty upon the non resident
owners of hogs running at large within
the town. State VS.. Teedy, 115 N. c.,
7o4.
PERSON VS.. LEARY. Affirmed.
"A receiver of a foreign court may sue
in his, State, but in such case thcTe is
a preliminary question involving the legal
existence of the receiver The affidavlts
of defendant in this case practically adj
nit the appointment of the receiver, and
the operation of the ruling in this opin-
ion is limited to the facts of this case.
TIENDON VS.. RAILROAD. No error
Chapter 265, Acts 1885 in reference to
the reissue of stock to supply lost certif-
Gates applies generally to all corpora
tions. and interferes with the charters
of none.
Where. in an action by a stockholder
to compel the corporation to reissue lost
certificates Of stock, the defendant cor
poTation denies plaintiffs right to have
same reissued. it is immaterial that no
tender of indemnity bond was made by
plaintiff before suit was brought
The defendants objection that the
judgment is for duplicate certificate of
stock, whereas PLAINTIFFS prayer is for
reissue of certificates, is without merit
for the reasons, CD That the objection
was not made at the trial below when if
made the complaint could have been
amended, if necessary. Rule 27 of SUI
preme Court. co The plaintiff is enti-
tied to any relief which the law will grant
upon the facts alleged in the complaint,
if proved. whether the appropriate rem
edy is demanded in the complaint or
not.
PASS VS.. BROOKS. New trial
On petition to re-hear where the court
sees as matter of law that there was
error in submitting issue as to rental
value of land, in the form in which it was
submitted without explanation by court
below, this court will grant a new trial
that such issue may be properly submit
ted to the jury as to value of land>in it's
unimproved condition Gas in this case)
at time the ancestor of defendant bought
it. But the opinion of this court in every
other respect is affirmed.
CHEEK VS.. BUILDING AND LOAN AS
ISOLATION. Petition to rehear dis
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1900-11-03

Town commissioners are empowered to
impose a penalty upon the nonresident
owners of hogs running at large within
the town. State VS.. Teedy, 115 N. c.,
7o4.
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1900-11-03

Mayor Jones. of Toledo, has sent this
telegram to the New York Journal:
AT least 70 per cent of the vote of my
personal following will go for Bryan. I
am greatly encouraged at. the outlook,
and / shall deem it strange indeed if we
do not carry the State
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1900-11-03

242 in this case is approved. Churchill
VS.. Turnage, 122 N. c., 426, cited and dis
tinguished and Smith VS. B. & l.. Asso.,
119 N. c., 249, cited and approved.
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1900-01-25
ORDINANCE PASSES.
New Water Ordinance Accepted
A Final Reading by the
Council.

The new water ordinance, No. 206,
was passed on it's third and fnal
reading last evening at a special
meeting of the city council and IL
will be voted on Tuesday, February
81 by the people of the city.
1t was after half past eight when
the members of the council assem-
bled and the reading was commenced.
The ordinance was read the first
time for information, and then was
ordered on it's second reading and
passed. The third reading wasIthen
authorized and the clerk so pro-
ceeded. The ordinance was passed
on it's third and final reading, and it
is now for the people to decide
whether the new ordinance shall be
in force or not.
The vote on the ordinance at its
third reading was nine in favor to
one against. Councilman Miller OF
the First ward was the only member
who voted against it.
There was no material change made
in the ordinance by the reading, and
the only alteration made was the
eliminating of small clause.
The business of the evening was
completed about midnight, and the
councilmen went home feeling that
they had done a good nights work.
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1900-01-25

Marshalltown, Jan. 23.-The Jury
hearing the evidence in the criminal
case against Fred Morgan, the young
man who attempted to shoot "Docn
Siebert during saloon row, was sent
out before adjournment of court Sat-
urday evening A verdict was not
reached until after 10 O'Clock. The
decision of the jury was guilty of as
sault with intent to do great bodily
injury. The charge under which
Morgan was indicted was assault with
intent to kill. The maximum penalty
under the verdict rendered is one
year in jail.
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1900-01-25
BEET BARBECUE.
A Successful Scheme to Draw a
Crowd.

Storm Lake, Jan. 24.--The biggest
sugar beet meeting ever held in the
west occurred here yesterday. The
features were barbecue on the main
street at noon, given by the Business
Mems association, and rousing
meeting at p. m. at the opera house.
An address was made by d. B. Lyons,
of Des Moines, who has charge of the
acreage campaign here, assisted by
A. G.. Kingman, of Pekin, Ill. This
meeting was the opening of the cam
paign. The enthusiasm was unbound
ed and in response to invitations
from Mr.. Lyons over 800 acres were
contracted. Storm Lake business
men are pulling together in the ut
most harmony on this proposition
and are determined to have sugar
beet factory next year. Five hundred
farmers attended the meeting.
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1900-01-25
Givin.

Mrs. Lizzie Mobley commenced the
Swede Row school January %.
Mrs. David Owens is on the sick
list with DR.. Rea, of Beacon, in at
tendance.
The Welsh people of Givin are bus
lily preparing for st. David's day, the
1st of March.
Ed Weeks, of the famous Ottumwa
quartet, made Givin short call en-
route to his home.
Mr.. and Mrs. Castles took dinner
with their son Phillip in Oskaloosa
one day last week.
Our assessor, G.. w. Barnett, has
been making his annual calls in town
du ing the last week.
Mr.. Dill and family, formerly of
EddyVille, have moved onto the I'D.
Thomas farm on Sand Ridge.
The miners of the Consolidation
Coal Co. received their pay last Sat
urday at 10 a. M, instead of p. M,
as usual.
Nj. Coolidge, our former agent here,
has accepted position as night oper-
ator in one of the northern Iowa Gen.
trail stations.
On Thursday evening, January Is,
the Givin Rebekah lodge installed its
officers at a special meeting called
for that purpose.
1t is rumored that G. L. Stump will
leave here early in the spring, going
across the Des Moines river in the in
terests of the Consolidation Coal Co.
On Saturday night, January 10, the
X. of P: lodge of Givin held a public
installation, and as a result ten new
members will be added to their lodge
which will increase their number to
1870. A free supper was given at the
hall.
Miss Blanche Parry, of Osk aloosa,
has Just closed a very successful term
of school at Cookie Burr. The genu-
inc work and universal satisfaction
she has shown during the two terms
she has taught in the same school
have won for her reputation in this
part of the county of which an old
teacher might well be proud. Miss
Parry is one of the youngest teachers
in the county and resigns her position
for the rest of the year at Cookie Burr
to accept better position at Givin.
We most heartily approve the good
judgment of the Givin school board
in the selection of a teacher.
January %. NIvIG.
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1900-01-25
CURRENT EVENTS.

The Russian ironclad Poltava, OF 1880
tons, is dangerously ashore near Libau, on
the Baltic.
Fire totally destroyed the plant of the
Racine (Wis.) Nail & Tack company. The
loss was $4,000. with insurance $4,000.
William L. Wallace, of Chicago, was APP
pointed special agent in the census bureau,
in charge of the collection of lumber manu-
facture statistics. -a..
In the Mississippi state senate a me-
mortal to congress was adopted asking the
government to take charge of the Missis-
sippi river levees.
According to a statement issued by the
war department, the total customs receipts
at the port Of Havana for the year ended
December 81, 1899, was $14, 072, 11479.
A freight elevator in a storage warehouse
at One Hundred and Twenty-fifth street
and st. Nicholas avenue, New York, fell,
killing two persons and injuring three 9TH
ers.
Another delegation of Puerto Ricans ar
rived in Washington to urge upon the au-
thorities the extreme urgency of legislation
which will remedy the present business
stagnation of the island.
Representative Sherman, of New York,
who has returned to Washington and whose
name has been mentioned in connection
with the office, has definitely declined the
secretaryship of the senate.
The executive committee of the monetary
league has decided to hold national con-
vention at the same time and in the same
city as the democratic, silver-republican
and populist national conventions.
The Matin, of Paris, says it is rumored on
the bourse that Count Boni de Castellane,
husband of Anna Gould, has lost 5000 600
francs by unlucky speculations. Mar
quis de Castellane, father Of Count Boni
de Castellane, denies most emphati cally
the story.
United States Minister Leisham, at
Berne, Switzerland, has cabled the state
department that the Swiss government has
revoked former decision and gives gen.
eral authorization for the importation Of
American dried fruits.
The American line steamer Paris, recent
ly ashore off the Manacles, was successful
ly fioated out of the dock at Milfordhaven,
where she had been undergoing temporary
repairs, previous to being taken to Belfast
Tor thorough overhauling.
A proposition was received at Ottumwa,
Ia. from Andrew Carnegie Thursday to
give $4,000 for a public library If the city
Will provide suitable site and appropriate
5000 annually for its maintenance. The
conditions sll undoubtedly be accepted.
A special from Sturgis, Mich. says: The
Farquer Milling company's mill at Lima,
Ind, just across the border of the state,
was totally destroyed by mysterious ex-
plosion. George Lanphier, the fireman. was
terribly scalded by escaping steam from
the boiler
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1900-01-25
Baggageman Hurt.

The MarshaIltown Times-Republi-
can says: bailey T. VOORHEES, of
this city, Central baggageman run
ming on the Story City branch trains,
is confined to his home, suffering
from a badly cut and bruised head,
caused by an accident at Mason City
while switching Saturday. VOORHEES,
was helping to make a fly switch
and reached down to pull pin. His
hand slipped from the icy side rod
and he fell, his head striking against
a rail. He was unconscious for a
short time and was brought to this,
city after his wounds had been
dressed, BE is doing very nicely,
but will be confined to his home for
some time.
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1900-01-25
Street Cars Tied Up.

Albany, n. Y, Jan. 22.-All the
street cars in Troy were tied up Sun
day as result of the strike of 365 mo-
tormen and conductors of the United
Traction company. The men demand
20 cents an hour and a ten-hour day.
The company operates lines in FIVE.
cities, including Albany, but the other
men refused to touch a car.
To Attend ANTITRUST Conference.
Pierre, s. d., Jan. 23.--Gov. Lee has
appointed long list of delegates to the
antitrust conference in Chicago on
February ~, among them Senator Pet
tigrew, ex-Congressman Freeman,
Knowles and j. e. Kelly.
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1900-01-25
Show Excursion.

There was large number of show
excursionists in the city last evening
brought in by the B. & w. There
were seventy-two show people on the
train at 12:45 and two hundred and
fifty and over on the 1865 passenger.
The tickets were almost all for the
show in the evening. This is one Of
thf best crowds that the road has
ever brought in for show. A special
after the show took the excursionists
home.
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1900-01-25
New Brakemen.

Marshalltown,J Jan. 23.-The Central
has decided to soon place brakemen
ON the Mason City Peoria passenger
trains 5 and 6, one of which will have
headquarters in this city ana the 9th
er in Peoria. Two of the brakemen
on and 4, Roy Sanders and Oscar
Beale, will have the positions. Sand
ers is a grandson of Mrs. j. Il. Voor-
hees, of this city, and will run out of
here. Beale, who has been on and
4 and lives in Peoria, will run out of
that city. Ben Boyce,of Mason City,
who formerly had position as brake
man on and 4, will take the trains
from this city to Mason City, running
between here and Mason City only.
The service of these trains, 5 and 6,
is growing materially and has reach
ed such magnitude that the baggage
men who have heretofore acted as
brakemen, can not attend to all the
duties.
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1900-01-25
Prime Neighborhood.

M. K. Prime & Son are preparing
for horse sale in the near future.
A. j. Lytle's brood SOW sale comes
off Feb. 9th.
Mrs. Caroline Lathrop and son
Ray of Oskaloosa were recent Wis
itors with relatives in this neighbor-
hood,
Miss Eva Madison is out of school
with sore throat. Mrs. Jennie Bart
lett is acting as supply in her place.
Mrs. Kate Bartlett was a caller at
the Dennis Davis home Monday af-
ternoon. ,...>.." '- .... .
Mrs. Jose Prime spent last Thurs
'ay at the parental Coffin home, and
as that was ''butchering day. she
was fright in it,
J. F. Everett and wife were Tues
day visitors at VIM. Bartlett's. The
boys' enjoy talking over old times
when they were soldiers together.
VIM. Bartlett sold five yearling
steers Tuesday to Geo. Duzenberry
for $40 head.
This kind of winter is a great saw
ing on feed, as we'll as fuel, but is
rather hard on butter makers, with
butter down to 15c. Those that have
to buy surely can't complain.
ENIRP'
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1900-01-25
Refused Big BrIbe.

Washington, Jan. 22.-In the Clark
sensational investigation by the SEN
ate committee on privileges and cleo
tions Saturday L. f. Normoile, Of
Butte, Mont, member of the last leg
islature, testified that he had been
approached with an offer of $12,5OO to
vote for Mr.. Clark, but had not ac-
cepted it, and had voted for Conrad
throughout the contest. S"s q
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1900-01-25
List of Letters.

Remaining uncalled for in the post
Office at Oskaloosa, Iowa, for the week
ending Jan. 20, 1900:
GENTLEMEN's LIST.
Adams, Harry E Morris, Earl
Beady, Thos Matthews, George
Bolin, VIM Meredith, L
Bomar, Tom Roberts, Will
Collier, M G Sumner, James
Doan, w FL Seitz, Cary
Johnson, Samey Taylor, ] K
Wood, Fred
LADIES' LIST.
Arnale, Nell Hammond, Fannie
Andrews, Cora Madden, Clara
Crawford, Matte Martin, Sarah ]
Evans, Mrs M E Philips. Mrs Chas
Parties calling for letters from this
list will please call attention to adj
vertised list of this date. The above
letters will be held two weeks from
date and then sent to the dead letter
Office.
.a,.- CHAs. V. HOFFMAN,. p M
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1900-01-25
Bicycle Stolen.

A couple of fellows took bicycle
from the porch Of the j. s. Finley
home on High avenue east. The
theft was discovered in time for the
inmates of the house to follow the
thieves, who dropped the wheel in
the alley east of the Swain place,
probably expecting to return for it :.
The wheel was found by the owner,
but the thieves escaped.
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1900-01-25
Public Sale

of Poland China brood sows at Oska-
loosa Fair Grounds at one p. m, on
Friday, February 8. The Offering
consists of AZ brood so~s and one
young boar! Hogs are rapidly adj
vancing in price and the hog market
has bright future for the coming
year or longer. Hoping to meet You
at the sale February Q,
26w2 70 uaI 81 A. j. LYTLR,
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1900-01-25
Takes New Trains.

~ Harry Cruzen, who has been en-
ployed at the B. & w. station asbag-
gageman, has taken position as news
agent on the new run on the b. & w.
and viii give the travelling public on
these trains a first-class service in
every way. He win handle the Os-
kaloosa HERALD on the evening train
out of this city, and Oskaloosa people
win please bear this in mind when
on the train. The papers will be
sent to him on the afternoon train at
three O'Clock and viii be delivered to
him at the meeting point of the
trains. Sd AoI - 3M SD
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1900-01-25
PUBLIC SALES.
Notes of Those Held and An
nouncements of Others. II

The Sarvis sale in Adams township
on Tuesday, cried by Willis & Chand-
Ter, the we'll known auctioneers of
this city amounted to S1,775, much of
which was paid in cash. Cows sold
from s2s to $3.50; corn, 261a to 271a
cents per bushel; spring calves, S19
per head; brood sows, S11 to $40 per
head; shoats, 81 to SO. 10 per head.
F. A. GARRETT
will sell at public auction at his resi-
dence three-fourths of mile south
of Cedar, on Wednesday, January 81 +,
1 mare II years old, gelding 9 years
old, gelding coming years old and
l mare coming 2 years old, 8 coming
2 year OLD cattle and 1 milch COW
with calf at side, % ewes and 20
spring ewes and weather lambs, 4
brood sows, IL tons timothy hay in
barn, so shocks of fodder with corn
on averaging 4 bushels to the shock,
and other articles. Easy terms. Col.
j. III. Willis, auctioneer.
Take time by the forelock. " If
YOUR blood is out of order begin tax
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1900-01-25
Treasurer's Report .

At the annual meeting of the La
dies Aid Society of the Christian
church the treasurer's report showed
that the society had handled and APP
piled on church debt the past year
81, 1889. sS20.69 of this amount was
made by their own work.
MRS. VoNIA TAYLOR,
Treasurer.
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1900-01-25
Bucklen's Arnica Salve

Has worldwide fame for marvellous
cures. 1t surpasses any other salve,
lotion, ointment or balm for Cuts,
Corns, Burns, Boils, Felons, Ulcers,
letter, Salt Rheum, Fever Sores,
chapped Hands. Skin Eruptions; In
fallible for Piles. Cure guaranteed.
Only 25c at Green & Bentley Drug
Gn
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1900-01-25
Passed Away.

Rochester, N. Y, Jan. 23.-Theodore
Bacon, one of the most prominent law.
yers of western New York, and who
was an independent candidate for gov
ernor against Theodore Roosevelt in
1898, died Monday, aged IS years,
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1900-01-25
May Haul ocinders,. /,

The city council ordered last evenl
ing that the word "cinders,' be
stricken from the ordinance stipu-
lating what articles command a IL
cense for hauling, and hereafter any
one may engage in the hauling of
ashes without, q city license.
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1900-01-25

tDes Moines, Jan. 23.-Mayor Mac
Vicar Sunday announced his candid
acy for mayor for third term, He
has been twice elected mayor after
hard fought campaigns and 1t is be-
lieved this announcements viii result
in another bitter struggle. There
wIli be fcur republican candidates at
Feast and Macvicar hopes that the
diyfs6n F0f strength viii land the
once for him. Si'' FIJI Z .l8t
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1900-01-25
Permit err Granted.

n The city rconncil in special session
last evening granted a permit to E.
d. Nugent!to sell liquors in the old
stand of the Nugent-Ver whole
sale house on First avenue west. The
place will be wholesale establish
mant. ,gsaioA Ell JOB 70 aasa !
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1900-01-25
Sugar Beet Mass Meeting.

1t has been determined to hold a
mass meeting at the court house in
Oskaloosa, Tuesday afternoon, Janu-
airy 80, at O'Clock, of Mahaska farm
ers and gardeners and business men
of Oskaloosa and adjoining towns to
fully discuss the sugar beet question
and to lay plans, if thought advisa-
BILE, to have the matter of sugar beet
raising in this county fully tested the
coming year. 1t Is hoped there will
be a large attendance. 1t will be con-
sidered favor by the committee hav-
ing this matter in charge If you will
inform your neighbors and friends of
the above announcement.
/. w. Cook,
RoBT. KENT,
w. T. TANDY,
BIT ~ T. E. MENDENHALL,
E stg ~ RICHARD HULL,
9Hsoa Committee.
The Oskaloosa herald. (Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa) 1885-1919, 1900-01-25
N. Caven was ip5remont yesterday

N. Caven was pt5reYont yesterday
intefssAiss II the 9oaRtS! MOO
Jack Needhams OIL Sgodrney, was
me htef city ssBstef terHpp1 40 a
gaestsof his brother John. rs
Mrs. A. Hertzog went 10 Knoxville
gyesterday afternoon and VIII visit at
the home of c. A. YerMeer.
VIM. Myers departed this morning
via the Rock Island for Soda Springs,
Idaho, where he wiz visit extendedly.
r. j. Baker was passenger last
evening for. st. Louis, where he will
look after the horse market for few
days.
Miss jeanette Price departed yes
terday afternoon for Mitchellville TO
be guest at the home of her sister,
Mrs. Mamie Barnett.
Mr.. and Mrs. Harry w. Sewers en-
tertained small company Of friends
last evening At dinner party given
1t their hospitable home 80 - -
@. Z. James, who has been here for
the past few days on business mat
tiers, departed yesterday afternoon
Tor his home In Cedar Rapids. ]
b. L Bates and wife, OF Coal Greek,
and VIM. Ormiston and wife and AIRS.
starkey. Of New sharpn are guests at
the Albert Cooper bone tor p few
days' visit 49, 4 s.ss 49, s.s.s y . &c.
Meryin Worth, who has been yisit-
Ing pt the home Of hfs mother, TED
ultss1 0na 81 laaHf ~ Il J
.s.s ..alal&l - A. I. -