The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1900-03-11

49, '''' 'fN'@ '"''
al least four shades NAV be observed. The chro-
matte table, almost universally adopted by an
thr biologists, shows thirty four shades.
".
lis commonly said that only in fair European
| races ore blue and gray eyes found perhaps
th"r" may b. some examples In the Turco GRAN
racrs. II is certain that light brown eyes are met
with among some Mongunans. In all the other
populations Of the earth, the eyes are dark brown
or black. II is the same with the colOring Of the
hair This varies arprrciably among the whvy-
haired ra"es, much less 50 among the straight
and friUy haired races, and remains always
black among the woolly haired races. Four
principal shades can be distinguished in the hair,
namely. black, dark-brown, chestnut brown
rhdtatnD and fair In the last shade, golden
must w. separated from ilaxen and dun gray
reddish. Red hair Of all shades is only an in
diyidual anomaly, accompanied almost always
| by ireckles ON the facc aud neck. There are no
red haired races, but light and chestnut hair
may have a reddish reflection in it Red hair
Is very common in countries where several white.
skinned races drown or faiD ar intermixed
Amuag n dark haired people which has re.
manned free from %intermivture, or has intermingled
only WIN Idlh lllIfl lA'fN, vi fNNfIOll1hl TtN-
haired individual presents a pathological condl
ton called ""rythrism' by Broca. This pntho.
logical condition is only exhibited in certain
races; at least, mp 10 the present time. no example
has been adducpd among the negroes; on tho
other hand, erythrism is somewhat common
among the Jews 81 Europe, and, among such
Jews, it is most frequently associated with frilzy
hair. 1t is we'll known that fair hair in all its
shades is met with mainly among the European
populations of the North, 1t is much rarer in the
South of Europe. There are, it has been com
| putrd, l6 fair haired individuals 10 every
100 Scptchmen. Is 10 every 100 Englishmen;
but only . to every 100 Italians, On the other
| hand, brown hair is met with in Is cases out Of
100 Spaniards, 30 out Of 100 Frenchmen, but
only In l6 cases out Of 100 Scandinnvians The
fair variety il especially rare among straight,
haired races. IL il found, however. among the
western Firms and among certain Russians.
At birth, the body Possesses less pigment than
In the adult state, Everybody has observed
that the hnir Of children. often light colored at
birth and in early years, becomes darker as they
grow up Almost all European children are
also born with blue eyes, and the pigment in the
Iris only begins to increase, transforming the
| eyes into gray, brown or black, at the end Of some
weeks, or even months, after birth, Newborn
Chinese, Malays and Calmucks are much less
yellow than the adults Of those people. and, We
may remark, lastly, that negroes. At birth, ara
NJ a reddish chocolate or copper color, which only
becomes darker at the end Of three or four days,
beginning in certain places.
Among adult negroes, the pigment ia visible
not only on the skin, in the hair and the iris. but
also in the s%cerotic, IN the mucous membrane
Of the lips, the mouth and the genital organs:
the internal organs even are not free from IL
the liver and the spleen are often cnlorpd with
black sp IS of pigment, and even the brain con
tains numerous augmented points in It's enyplopcs
and in its gray matter. Such an abundance Of
pigment would become a danger - whites. M is
proved by certain diseases. as, for instance. melan-
ism. IN which the pigment especially inyades
the Niscrra, and \ddiSon's dlseaSc IN which there
is an o~yerprrduction u pigment in the skin and
the mucous membranes. The pathological alb
sence Of pigment which may occur in ncrroes
M well rs In whites, IL termed albinism. This.
II complete, that Is g. say II not only the skin
and hair hut also the iris, is deprived Of pigment,
may he accompanied by somewhat serious aHec.
tons II the e~yesight. In every respect. albino,
are weakly, md, probably, not fertile among
themselves.
The eyes furnish some raciAl differences Of
form as well as color. Thus We Distinguish the
ordinary eye, and the obliQue. or M row. Mon.
gnlau eye. The noSr. by tho variety and axity
of lis forms, presents one of the best characters
for distinguishing rac"s II may be- NOR, or less
nat'ened, ~ among negroes, Melanesians and
Mongoiians, or. more or less prominent, AS among
Europeans. jews and Arabs. It's profile may
DO straight. and sometimes %sinuous, as with Euro