Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1900-06-06
Field and Farm.

Farmers will take extra pains when
feeding q crop. but their greatest loss
s in not harvesting at the proper time.
The longer a crop remains on the
ground after it is ready or matured
the more woody fibre or indigestible
material 1t will contain.
Streaky or mottled butter may be due
to the salt or the working Of the butter.
In the finest quality Of butter the salt
Is so evenly diffused that, as appears
under the microscope. every grain ts
surrounded by a film Of clear and trans
parent brine, which shows the neces-
sity of avoiding the overworking OF the
butter before the salt Is added. In the
first working every particle of the milk
should be gotten rid Of. but enough
clear water should be left to dissolve
every grain of salt in II hours before
the next working. If this is done there
will be but little danger Of streakiness
in the butter, but to get the best re-
suits the salt should be very finely
ground.
Ordinary chimney SCOT is an excellent
fertilizer and should be carefully saved.
That from coal Is superior to that from
wood. 1t contains nitrogen, and is bene-
fetal to all crops. 1t is disliked by some
insects, and Is used as a preventive OF
be more profitably applied owing to the
small quantity produced prohibiting its
use extensively as a fertilizer.
Skill in the dairy is important, but
the art of butter making does not de-
pend altogether upon skill in the man.
pulation of the milk, cream and butter.
inferior cows, that are half fed. or not
;ed properly, will not furnish milk of
he desired quality for producing the
BEST butter. On some farms, during
The warm days Of summer, the cows su-
Ter from lack Of water. 1t will not do
to simply water them morning and
night but they must have an abundant
supply. The food should also be varied
and Of the best quality.
Hay differs greatly in weight and
quality. Ripe timothy hay Is the heav-
lest, about 400 cubic feet, we'll packed.
cut when in blossom ton Will take up
about 4S0 cubic feet. Mixed with clover
ton will vary from $50 to 500 cubic
feet. Glover hay requires about $50 Gu
bic feet to a ton. OF pea vine hay about
900 cubic feet make a ton. About 7O0
cubic feet Of meadow hay Is the esti-
mate for a ton. These estimates are
thing depends upon how closely the hay
Is pressed in the stack or NOW.
When aphides attack trees the best
remedy is strong sOapsuds made OF
whale-oil soap. Strong tobacco water
3 also said to be excellent. The use Of
kerosene emulsion is a sure remedy. but
t should be sprayed on the trees. so as
% saturate all the branches, twigs and
caves. In winter painting Of the trunks
and limbs with crude petroleum has
given excellent results.
The ground cannot be made too rich
'or gooseberries and currants. and any
extra attention given them the first
year will have its effect for years af-
:er, as a good start Is an advantage.
Plant in rows four feet apart, cultivate
thoroughly, and then mulch. Cutting
,ut the old wood should not be over
ooked. 1t is not difficult to get large
Yields Of fruit when the soil Is rich and
he cultivation Is thorough.
Some weeds are valuable foods for
aogs, and II cut down or pulled up and
thrown into the hog-pens can be utilized
to advantage. Pigweed, purslain. rag
weed and young poke weeds will be
highly relished by hogs. as will also
lambs quarter, which grows nearly
everywhere.
Some dairymen have a measure and
give each COW the same quantity OF
food. There can be no uniformity in
he allowance Of food. Some cows con-
,ume more than others. and cows that
are in full flow of milk require more
'OOd than the nOn-prOducers. The only
-ule to follow Is to give each animal
IS much as 1t will eat up clean II Ii 10
4 producer.