The sun., 1900-08-19

I to the praotioal purposes Of life Each OF theee
elements existed in Peru. but In less developed
form. nor had any steps been taken 10 com
1 bIne than. The only reckonings known IN
praotice were registered by the Qnpu OF kho.vso
| cord Photography was limited 10 fuue NV
| orotlve carvings and paintings ana war o.neN
used In the ornamentatlon OF pottery in'Io
was no commerce. and, therefore, no H''"un
Of value. Even pottery and metal working
soorcely ranked as special forms 81 oran-
mnnship: every individual, male OF 'eHn'e'
practised all the various arts oi me- IN oo'"
sion might require. Like many other pas'ora,
peoples, the Peruvlans OF the Terra re'aiheu
The GENERAL character OF hunters: the very con-
dItlons indeed. OF hsrdsmanship In their coun-
try prevented a total abandonment OF the hunter
life. Long after herds Of llamas and pacos
! had been formed, the wild huanaco and vicnna
still multiplied In the higher and remoter parts
OF the mountains and az the tame herds IN
creased rapldly and were kept In open pastures,
the wild stock was continuously recruited py
animals which had escaped from captivity ana
become feral
The tame and the wild herds were alike
treated as tribal property: deer and small game
stlil contributed TO the food supply; hence the
Peruvian herdsinan remained 10 some extent
a hunter and the tribal district retained the
scale necessary In the hunter state Although
the pueblo here. az elsewhere, was the unit
Of social life and history. II remained Tor the
most part undeveloped. and the sierra was
terrItorially divided among many different
tribes, each occupying an extensive district
and known by collective name. Such peo-
pies, after a period OF war In which their
strength IL tested form alliances and unite
in larger groups finally. the sway OF some
powerful tribe, centralized In fortified pueblo.
Is extended over a considerable area. To
such causes, apparently. the fact is due that
a people far below the Nahuatlaca In gen eral
advancement established In Peru within
short time and over district presenting
formidable obstacles. the most extensive and
highly organized dominion OF the aborignes
In the New World
When the conpuering race entered Peru
from the south both the sierra and the coast
valleys had long been peopled In every part
and down 10 the Spanish conquest, great num-
bers OF "hahuasimi. or "foreienf Ian guages
so called in contrast 10 the Quichua and Ay-
mara OF the invaders are eaid 10 have been
stl spoken among these aboriginal tribes,
almost every valley having a language OF its
own. Many of these were doubtless mere
dialects, in any case, this great variety OF
languages seems rather to indicate pro-
lonGed isolation of each petty tribe In its own
valley than descent from many different lin
guistic stocks although the forests east OF the
Andes from which these tribes had emlgrated
have always abounded in small groups. speaking
mutually unintelligbe language
To some extent this primitive population
may have represented the movement OF man
in the earliest ages along the Pacific shore;
tradition alleged that the founders Of the north
the North by sea within historical times More
largely ths POP popGSn991 found ~ peTG 9y y ne
owed the Maranon and Ucayall, the parent
streams of the Amazon River, 70 their sources
valleys or descended It's western slopes. aud
occupied the maritime tract at IT'S base. our
suthor ca nnd no reason to INFER that these
must have been diflcqlt, and the diversity
s' It's dwelling place, In the coast valleys.
on the Other, hand, both subsistence and inter-
Of culture older than and In some respects.
superior, to- that Of tho conduering people
Of the sierra exist here in abundance. Scat
length, wherever the stream. descending
from the western Andes cross the arid Yunca-
ar. ,t'a remains OF vast adobe built pueblos;
OF lofty pyramidal mound; similarly con;
strn:tcd and used as burial places: Of chiefs,
and eapabis Of % S9usns saSn n1meroSa S% poruston
soanty waters Of the mountain streams were
boarded and the soil was utilized 10 the utmost
9fr rude fortressss sprmountlns conspicuous
else, nascent civilization stood on its defence
In the midst Of these are found other monu-
stronger Inca race which broke down this
defence and destroyed an advanoement earlier
and not less interesting than their own.