The sun., 1900-08-12

| 49, @~~.~s - ~>A@s-'~ - "'-N~-
himself. or by his famous disciple Menciu
who lived more than . century later.
inspiration OF any kind Us claimed ior tnen
yet no hindus. Jews, Christians or Mosiems nav
ever treated their Scriptures with greater rev
erenoe than that shown by the chinese 10 the
classics To this DAY the Literau ieei then
selves bound TO defend the litera uu'n Oh ever
sentence
| II.
| Thine. d,a M, ,.nd m the death G
c,nS,,c,u. h,,, -, ,h. contrary. vent fror
ma - go. .,d IN. Mad,. Kinodom eniove,
M n..c. I'm Ch,n "a, T.inl which had Ions
hs.n ~. ,oo., n,wsr,,, ~ the fe,,daI state,
as..r,.d .uthorI,v over the rest under IN
Iesds,.h,n ~ Cbow,,an, Who IN ,ss n. G.
becam. .Emn.ror of Cbins. the frat Of IN
Chin dvn,stv ni. grandson was the famou,
chin chi pw.ncti who built the Great " all
IN .o,,o v.v. IN. ,ros, ,.r,ark sb,s NJ tbe nhvsi
IN, wo,L. a, man Tbs great wall builder WA
also the Napoleon Of China. the first soyereig,
who made bis authority fclt by the whole nation
and who 40 unified the people that his yor,
survived him. lis administrative system. like
Napoleon'. was upheld even nv dvnastie,
which professed 10 regard him with hostility
With the help of an able minister named Llsseh
sreat reforms were carried out. cumbrou,
ceremonies were cutdown. oads were Imade
a national arsenal was established at Bienyang
and, as wa have said the whole government,
wa, centralized. To these Innovations tn,
Iitsrati offered the most determined oppo.
sitiou and at a national council held In the
palace one OF their number proposed the par
tition OF the Empire a, being more in accordance
an order that all books xcept those on medicine
and agriculture should be burned. and ali though
It could not be literally executed, IL was carried
out with q close approach TO completeness,
and some Of the Literati were put to death.
The Empire, thus reorganized at home, was
ex tended into Central Asia. and most of the
Indo-Chinsse Peninsula was also conquered 1t
waa moro extensive. and probably on the
whole, more prosperous than ever before
The Great Wall, which runs westward for
about 900 miles to the Province OF Kansuh
in central Asia, did not keep Of barbarian
invasions when these were organized on a
great scale. but II gave the Empire a definite
frontier on the north, and must have protected
Chinese a9rioult,,rists from numberless petty
plunderng expeditions on the part OF the restless
tribes beyond the border. In 200 b. C. the
z np.ror VIII, built 1t bro ,thsd his last. A few
years later the Empire was split I'D and anarchy
snsued until order was restored by Kaotsu.
who, In aOs B. c., seized the throne, and founded
The Han dynasty. Under his care the roads
we're repaired. trade wa, encouraged. and.
a. we have said the centralized system Of
Thin Chi Hwangti was maintained, although
he Lterati were recalled. and the plan OF
A.
yainsd at competitive examinations was re-
established The capital was fixed. first at
Oyang, In Honan. and hter at Snganfu,
n Shensl, where a magnificent palace was
,ullt We may here note that II Is Slnganfu,
o which 1t Is reported the present Empress
)owager thinks OF retiring should she be COM
'alAd by the successful advance Of the allied
orces from Tientsin to syacuate Pekin,
Laotsu was attacked by the Hlongnu
'atars, the ancestors Of the Huns. who, some
tx centuries later, invaded the Roman Empire.
chief named Mehe had united several Hlongnu
ribes under his authority, had welded them
ITO an empire, and had taken the title Of Tanjoo,
Son Of Heaven" He soon invaded China
,ith considerable success, for one Of the early
Ian emperors was taken prisoner, had to con-
ude an ienonimous peaoe with his barbarian
aptor and 10 give him his own daughter In
Marriage. Ike concession WAS In be
,ads by A Roman Fmreror IN Attila
,hile thus hard pressed hy encroachinp
.ibes from without. the Chinese Fnrire
,aa disturbed by incessant rcvol,s within |
/ length. the southern proyinces snlit on
together and becarne for avhila ipdenendent
,hep the Emperor youti. however. ascended
10 throne In 10 r. G. the Han rulers de,sndsd
Ia Fmpire against the Hu,s with ores,er cue
,ss. recoyered their own soutbern nrov,noes
nd considerably ertend.d the portbsrp and |
estern frontiers R.fors vouti.s re,on ~ |
'ty-four wears wa. over the pun. and nonv
her ratars had suhmItted N him and oocnrd- |
10 70 Chimes. historians hls svav wss acknowI-
ired nv all the ,r,bes Of central Asia "a IN,
, the Casn,an sea
During tho childhood n, Christ china u.. ,,.a |
' sevar,I veal rr,no,or. .rd hy 60.
.urper called Wang Mor1 vho.a sr..rotr,,,
70 Tatars re,sad 70 rooo.r,,a "a ,ho ,r.,
yentuaNv defeated and slain On Tho res-
ration of tho Han DYNASTY tho can,a, v.s
,oved back from s,n,onfu IN Iororn
.om which c,rmmst.pc. tbe por rmn,r,-.
e,ors tho usurper arc or,an ooI.a w..,orn
ans and tb,.s a,tsr b,r, ros,o,, .I.,s C,,i,
ara continuing 90 d,.,r,h ,ha F,nnir. so,,a
Inject nations vsn,ured 10 ravoI,. a,no,, ,h>
"a, Tho C,aoch, Of Anna, rho hna ho.n oa, ..o
,ered hy the wa,,. p,iIdor ros. IN 49,. ~.
nder a stronu-mindod uor,.r nar,aa ch,n.,aa
nailed tho Cb,ns,s ,,oons Thov mn,',
,hdued boxaver af,e, n sn,ri,ad ,as,.,.r
. Novuen a cb,nsso C..n.raI ,rho 80 60.
ard emrlovod aga,rs, Tho siam, 7. ra",,s ~
,em 10 have originated in ,hs was,a-, ror, -, |
,oo.T,ra IN n az a. r 20, p'i' "