The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1900-11-18
sosss ~ s,nsfHeaL ssosssss.

Th,s has been sf,st pfosrsss In the ss " sls~tr.
cal n.ehinsp .bcs the dyhsmo hssss N 10 an In.
purtahi 'acof IN industrial sfaf. Tssl1s ysafs
40, . maehtns a~hsofbifs A. hofss ppss snd sbls
u msInisih 500 n randi. tp-r lamps so ~'nsd'
ssd tsfy large. shd machines ~ ti' s,, ss~ th's
ssptlon rather than tt' tus Nov dytsrns ~ 'Nrp
and : ono hofs, tps,t ss usual stree. -hils = nug
b,t ~ msrhIns. ~ = 900 huf., IDssf A., rofsns a,
slss.,s Pan. and other. Of ne ssms sspsd'J are
und,f construction fof IN, Masssna, y Y pisn'
NJ. dneut n f,hu,s the sfs,t powsf NJ machines
NJ thts sits urs ~ them could 'uinish ci'fsni ~
Hinut 1Wr arc lamps ~ A'"Iut fo."o ineAhdssoen'
Ian p- n ths ususl sin. Wofhits A.. a tn'tot. ne
~ them could puii st locomotives es'ssNn bhs
of tnsu eo'ld 'pfni'I cuff'ri enough 'f al We "s
gtaph hnt, ~ me World snd hGt' sIine IN spare
while al prescott 5000 hof-s- t"rsf 'eenS TO bs NE
limits Of so ~ the dynAm".th 'fc 4. NJ r'a'op WY
much larger machines might Nos be mad" y ihsy
we're needed Tn, pfsssni limit IL IMPOSED by mn-
vsnl,u~, rather than Necessity. 40 larger uur's Nould
b. som,vhAi Gi~cuit ~ handle and are rarely needed
The latgs-' steam engines In the world ~ ptssen'
are those ~ the steamship deutschland. each of when
develop. arou, 1000 hof.e.powT " there were
any occasion for building a DYNAMO 70 absorb this
enor nous power there are several ei,cir,csI concerns
In this country that would be Able TO build II and fur
ther, TO guarantee ne success.
A few days ago . despatch from Galveston said
ths, the engineers Of the csbleship engaged In re-
pairing the cabl. between that point ana the Meal
can ooa., though. they mad discovered evidence that
The cable. which was broken ~ the ZINE OF 'he Cal
weston hurricane. was destroyed By . submarine
earthquake, and tina, the cAtastIophe al Galveston
might hav. been due 10 the same cause The de-
s,ruc,lon -, deep sea cstlc. by earthquakes Is 20
CON mon tina, {, attracts little attention nowadays.
In tn. South Pacific and In the waters surrounding
th. Fas, lndian Archipelago Submarine earthquakes
ar. 80 common that they are reckoned among Vie
chief enemies Of cables.
AZ one time. several years ago. Australia woke
up one morning 10 nnd ,ls.f absolutely cut on from
communication with the rest Of the world; not a line
Of cab,. connecting It's mainland with other points
was working. and al appeared 70 have Sen cut ST.
mul,an.ously. AZ the time En- gland was engaged
In a diplomatic contention with another great laval
Power. aud considerable tension marked the s'lua'
ton. The story GOES that the Australians Of onos
Jumped 10 the conclusion that she Empire va, en-.
gagged IN a war, and tnai the enemy had totoNed
Up the declaration Of war by 2 prompt cutting OF The
cables connecting the colonies With the mother eotn
where standardization SIN existed that 4, was dis
covered that, a submarine rartaguase vas trspcn
slble for the damage, ana 'hat 'he "0ha - p'a'e'
Electric time service was nrsi Introduced over more
than forty years ago. In 1887. IN Brussels. BEL
eium. what was then known as the Nolei system OF
electric clocks WAS put in service. sbou. one nun
city and ,iectrcahy connected with a master clock
al a central point. This system, win many IN
provenents and additions. Is siin working
], has been suggested lately tina, the wireless 'sls-
graph might and a useful application in nre-alarm
signalling. The qualities most desirable In hre-
alarm signal system are instantaneous transmission
Of Ihe signal and absolute certainty that the sgnAl
sem, is received. The frs, OF thesei 10 secured by uJng
electrical methods, but the second can BE- secured only
by very careful attention to every detail Of lines and
Instruments anc the maintenance OF both at the nigh
est point OF adjustment and efficiency. Overhead
nn.s. which ar, In very general use In all parts OF the
country for FIRE Alarm crcuits. are not fusiwofthy
In slesly or stormy weather and are themselves
lie ble TO dtstr uc,ion by nrs. Underground hns'
while much more certain In their operation. are very
expensive 10 install. and are equally liable with the
overhead wires TO accidents OF . mechanical or cleo
ttcal nature.
Wireless teleeraphy works Independently Of the
weather or Of obstacles b-,ween the sending and The
receiving point. and both the sen ding and the receiving
INSTRUMENT used IN Il may be made strong. siinpls
;s%i u: i: 's al Iea.,. vor,h Vile 10 s,pe,neh, Win ,nis
new agency t9I ,hls u. s1iS iI,t"r1an' .a sSp'h &c son.
10 ties, It's avsiIa bilily for the purpose.
with the increasing use OF electricity In AL sorts
OF Industries the necessity for accurate methods OF
measuring the current has brought out a large num-
be, OF designs for measuring and the
industry OF manu'a cturing electricity reters OF varf-
Gus k,nds Ia. grown TO t~ Of considerable Importance
Electrical measuring instruments are OF tree prn.
cipal klnds-,he ,ol,me,er indicates electrical pres
sure. the an p-remeter ahows the volume OF current
flowing Ia rs circuit. and the wattmeter uid'eats
the total OF electrical energy that has passed through
IL In addition to these instruments there are Sv-
eral other types, but their use is mainly In lsbors.
tories and for the more renned measurements that
DO not enter into the business Of electricity supply.
both voltneter, and am are Develop
ments OF thc galyanometer, md most ~ them depend
for their action upon The magnetic effects OF the cur
rents they measure. BON are indicating instru-
menu that indicate the condition OF she circuit much
as a thermometer indicates temperature OF a steam
gauge shows the pressure In q boiler. These indi-
cations are usually in the ,om OF positions OF a needle
playing over 4 scale.
The wa;,mcrr. Of the form employed as an cleo
trleliy meter In a consumers premise. OF on a sta
ton switchboard, Is an migrating or Halitins In
s,rumcni. and adds UP IS Indications on a series Of
dlals Ike those OF = gasmeer The 0a!orN oI 'ucn
Instruments are SIM ply electric motors Of very small
siIe and Ldtcate construction. Tue motor runs al
and works ags,n,, a tetara.ns device IN such
o way that is total movement or number o. re'olu.
So.. D !, sS'r II IN a t erSPpr ,."e' a simple ieyoiu,ion
counter. consisting OF a worm gear and series oil dislS
completes tie Instrument
10 England Their. is apprehension that the coal sup
ply OF Ihe country 10 giving out. and that before many
years pass the increasing prce Of coal. owing TO The
greater depths al which " mGN be milcu. wHu seN-
ou.ly Aztec, many indus;res. In Scotland there
are many nnc wai.r powers, o, generally in remote
ard comparatively inaccessible neighborhoods The
ability Of electrical systems OF power transmission
10 naset III. power Ofthese catsracts avsilable has been
well demonstrated. and there Is now = strong move
meni tow ard the ~ Organization OF companies for iheir
exploitation, So far the promoters Of the various
en,erprlscs have found them.elves somewhat ham
pered by the unsatisfactory condition OF legislation
regarding enterprise. Of ms characterinG Greet Britain.
and also by \ sentimental feeling for the natural
beauties OF 'he Highlands and lake regions waieh.
II il popglafly believed will disappear when the water
fall. are Al tuning water wheels. When the pressure
OF competition from countries having cheaper fuel 10
felt, Il il likely that these obe ctions will lsIsely dis
appear and that scotland will become the scene OF q
large manufacturing indus,ry uaing eleCuic power
from It's lochs and streams. |
The ne Z, gres, step In the application Of electricity
will almost certainly be in the direction OF elecirfy-
Ing the suburban lines Of steam railway systems
running GU, Of The larger cities. These lines present
with their crowded trsnic Of short haul passengers, |
their frequent trains and their many stopping places,
conditions that are al once easy for the electric motor
,,.,, .,J v,,v III m emit for the st,am lncomotiye 1