Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1900-12-09
fall OF REPUBLICS.
A Minute Examination of History
on This Point.
Tho One Notable Case only a Single I'M
stane In History where the Republic
Was Well Established, Was Abandoned
BY Its People ana Not Ro-Estabiished.
.(sprinkfield Republican.)

49,
the saying, THE natural tendency OIL
republics is toward monarchy How
q ehat old, dogma of tory faith should
uaSeA passed current so long Is iliiaZ-
Z ing With the exception of Rome, there
is scarcely an instance recorded where
republic has passed into monarchy
= OF It's own motion. In almost every
case where republic has fallen, It's
fad,, mas been brought ABOUT ou ,a by torce
On the continent of Asia there has
q never been a republic.
In the islands of the Pacific there
have been two attempts to establish
republican government: The tempo
rary republic of Hawaii. which went
Z out OF existence in 1898 by being arbi-
trarily annexed to this country; and
y the provisional republic of the Philip
pines, which is now being destroyed
by the American forces.
On the continent of Africa there have
Sbeen several, both in ancient and mod
u ern times.
There was the confederacy of five
+ cities called the Pentapolis, OF the
Cyrenaica, consisting Of Cyrene Rarca,
{, Tenchira, Berenicc and Ptolemais. 1t
(, was first conquered by the king of
Egypt, afterward by the armies of
: Alexander 1t was made an Egyptian
province, and was finally erected into
q q separate kingdom by one of the
PtoiemieS who gave it to his illegiti-
mate son.
There was Carthage and her sister
Z city, Utica, and her dependencies,
Crea. leptis, and Sabrada, called the
Tripolis latter which the modern coun-
try OF Tripoli is called). Some of them
4 We're destroyed the others subjected
by the military power of Rome.
In modern Africa there Is Liberia.
founded in 1897, which still exists as n
republic; and there are the Orange
Free State and the South African Re
Z public, called the Transvaal, whose re-
publican institutions are now being
crushed by British armies
In ancient Europe there were two
countries In which the republic -four
ished. Greece and Italy. The Greek re-
publics were destroyed by Philip of
Macedon. The great Roman republic
of eSistance.
In later times, First, in Italy: There
is the little republic of San Marine, cs-
tablished in d59 A. D., and still ex-
listing.
We are familiar with the attempt OF
Y Rienzi to re-establsh the republic in
Rome. Ills first attempt was trust
rated by the Italian princes. His see
ond. which seems To have been merely
an attempt TO establish personal. die
tatorial government, was frustrated
by the people themselves.
An earlier attempt, in the twelfth
century, TO establish the republic in
Rome was suppressed by the Emperor.
. Il
Emperor who obtained by dint of Il
long war the suzerainty of the republic
can cities of Lombardy, Milan, Parma,
Tortona. and others, and so laid the
foundation OF their ruin.)
A republic was established in Rome
by the great Mazznl, who was placed
at its head. In 1Sis the King of
Naples sent an army, and Louis Ma
poleon sent another under General
q Oudinot. and together they destroyed
the republic.
sLucca was a republic until 1905. when
Napoleon made the prince of Piombino
hereditary president and In 1915 the
powers made ii duchy.
= Pisa was an independent republic
until 1902 when it was subducd by the
Florentines.
Selma established itself as n repub-
lie When the empire OF Charlemagne
was partitioned. II was conquered by
Spain in 1904 and given to no L.,
Grand Duke OF Florence.
Parma vas republic for short
while after the dissolution of the Ro-
man empire. 1t was subaued by ltal-
ian princes and made n dukedorh.
PlacenZa shared n similar fate.
The four principal republics of me-
the two great maritime States Genoa
and Venice.
In Milan the noble family OF Visconti.
having expelled the Guephs. obtained
of captains OF the empire then the
Wears of the empire. and finally the
Emperor WencelauS created Giovanni
Galerzzo Visconti, Duke OF Milan, for
himself and his heirs male. This was
not accomplished without repeated in
SurrectiOns on the part of the people,
end at last, the Emperor RACED the city,
and Killed or drove out the greater part
of the people, and so embellished the
dulsedom firmly.
M Io,.. MT.
German Emperors claimed suzerainty.
of 1t, as they did of other Italian
& States In 1926 the city bought it's free
dom from Rudolph. of I1apsburg, for
500 600 golden forms. The family of
the Medici became very influential. and
DIM says that when Piero di Medici
undertook to treat for the State on his
personal responsibility. the people ban
ished him and his family. The people
then, under the eloquence OF Savon-
aroia, made the republic more demo-
cratic by lodging the law-making and
elective power in the mass meeting of
the citizens.
The Pope sent Spanish army
army they still further lberalized their
government, making the Gonfalonere
elective for one year. instead of for
life, as formerly. But they were CON
Guered, the Medici were restored,
part of the citizen, assembled in the
public place. were surrounded by an
armed force and compelled 10 alter the
Constitution, lodging the power in a
council Of sixty, appointed by body
OF fifteen. who were to be chosen by
the Medici. This was In 1912 In 1927
the, Pope was made prisoner by the
Colonnas and the Florentines again
expelled the Medici and restored the
republic But in 1881. the Pope, again
atiliberty, sent an army against Flor
ence In conjunction with the army of