The times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1897-1901, 1900-09-30

to letter sent to a town whose postal force
does not include earriersi c. c. A.
1t is. il the person addressed lives with
in mile OF the postofiee; otherwise. tina
postmaster may ignore the specia; stamp.
and let the letter be delivered IN the usual
way.
Who composed the first Roman Triumviratee
G.
The coalition of Pompey, Caesar, and
Crassus, in so B. c., is often spoken of az
the first, but those men had not the Off
cial title and exercised only usurped
powers The official title and official re-
cognition by the Senate first fell to
Octavius, Marc Antony, and Lepidus, in
40 B. c.
Where does the Chicago drainage canal start
where does il empty. what was its cost. and
what its dimensions? s. c.
1t starts in the Chicago River within
the city limits, and empties into the Des-
PLANES River just above Joliet. It is
wenty-eight miles long, has minimum
depth of twenty-five feet OF water, and is
| from 10 to go feet wide. Its cost has
been about s33,O00.e00.
How docs Harveyized steel differ from other
steel? C. t. B.
1t is face-hardened by process in
| NHiSH The steel dDSOIUS CdTDD0. lu6
| piece OF steel to be treated is put N a
furnace, while it's face is covered With
bone black and charcoal. the rest of 1t be-
| ing sunk in sand. Inc temperature with
| in the furnace is almost that which melts
iron. Water is sprayed on the steel
| when it is taken out to chill 1t. Armor
| plates thus treated gain in their resist
ance to cannon shot from 80 to 100 per
| cent.
| Does ice ever form at the bottom of a body OF
water before the water is frozen throughout the
| entire depth? ID. S.
| Yes: it is called ground ice or anchor
ice. the latter from the fact that it some
| times brings up boat anchors when it
| rises. 1t may come from the lower
| water being colder than that at the sur
face or, when the temperature is uni
| form, from the fact that a current keeps.
| ice crystals from forming on the surface
| Sometimes bits of broken surface ice or
snow carried downward by eddies are its
| basis.
| How long have pianos been made? Q Before
| them. what instruments took their placer g.
| How old is the upright pianof L. E. n.
Since about 1710, when harpsichord
| maker OF Padua, Italy, invented one. In
| ventors of Germany. England, and France
| were close seconds-indeed, claim prece-
ueHCe over the ltdildu, LIE udS Inc
| best of the evidence. 2. The clavichord,
| the cithara, the harpsichord, and the
| spinet. The first named was the Oldest,
| dating back to the fourth century. The
| last was popular down to the early days
| of the piano. g. 1t appeared in 1875, but
in it's early forms was faulty in soon
getting out of tune.
VIII you give me sketch of DR.. h. VI. Mullen
berg? CHOIR.
He was the organizer of the Lutheran
Church in this country, and was born in
Hanover, September 6, I'LL, and studied
at Gottingen. While there he established
an orphau house that still exists. Re-
spending to a cali he reached Philadel-
phia in 1912. and began career Of hard
work that took him to the German coast
settlements from Nova Scotia to Georgia.
Six years later he founded the first synod.
providing its constitution, preparing its
liturgy, and its first hymn book in large
part. He urged the use Of English in the
German churches, and in New York
preached every Sunday in German, Dutch,
and English. He died at Trappe. Penn
syIvania, October T. 1887.
VIII you explain the meanings of the many
different sorts grades Of tea? Do black and
green teas differ in culture, they grown
from different kinds of plants? b. A. S.
lhNSl tEdue HdtuSS VI teas ll40iSetc inc
place of production, and some are signif-
cant of quality or of method of manufac-
ture. Black and green teas are the product
of the same plant, though some growths
of tea plants are better adapted to one
than to the other. Most of our green teas
are artifciaIly colored, but the genuine ar
ticle is the result of drying the freshly
picked leaves. If the same fresh leaves
are permitted to ferment bit before being
dried by artificial heat, they become black.
Young Hyson is very fine grade CT green
tea. made from half-opened leaves picked
in April. Very little genuine Hyson gets to
this country.
What was the Congress of Vienna. and what
did it accomplish? t. G. W.
A congress that met at Vienna in 1914,
and which was made up of representatives
OF all the European States except Turkey
It's object was to readjust the map or
Europe, which had been thoroughly uFset
by Napoleon. II apportioned moso OF the
duchy of Warsaw to Russia, divided Sax
ony between its king and Prussia, dis
tributed Italy among Austrian and French
princes reinstated the Pope in all bus
a few of his possessions, the exceptions
going to France and Austria, took Nor
way from Denmark and gave it to Sweden,
Denmark receiving few German dis
trIcts; added Belgium to the Dutch Meth
erlanCS, 10 form the klnSuom Oh ftoiiahu,
and provided bund'' as. the central
Government for Germany.
When was natural gas first discovered? 2 How
are gas wells ssinkY > d. 4.
1t was known in very early times in Asia
Minor. where burning springs and wells
wers taken as shrines by Fire Worship
ers. In our own country the existence OF
burning springs was known long before
any use was made Of the gas. This was
first done at Fredonia, n. Y, in 1924. 2.
Methods vary with the nature Of the strata
to be pierced and with the magnitude OF
the work. but most wells are drilled by
steam power. so-called String of drill
ing tools includes a steel-tipped bit four
feet long a steel stem forty feet long. two
pieces called Jars taking up six feet.
sinker bar sixteen feet. and at the top
rope socket. These weigh about a ton. and
are lifted and dropped rapidly while sus-
pended from cable attached to a walking
beam Once in about every FIVE feet OF
progress the string is withdrawn and
bucket is lowered to clean the powdered
rock out of the hole. Usually drilling and
taking out the accunfulations in the hole
alternate without cessation until the we'll
is completed or abandoned. The diameter
of a well is usually from six to eight
inches.