davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Holly chieftain., 1900-09-07
Changes for Goebel Law.

Frankfort. KY, Sept. 3.-Representa-
tive Holland to-day introduced bill
in the House to repeal the Goebel cleo
tion law and to enact new one.
1t provides for state board of three
two to be appointed by the controlling
authority of the two leading political
parties, the third to be appointed by
the secretary of state, until after 1892,
and then to be elected by the Legisla-
ture; the third member 10 have no vote
except in case of a tie.
County boards Of three are provided
for similarly, the third member to be
appointed by the state board
Election officers are to be equally di-
vided between parties.
Registration is provided for, and bal
lots are to be provided for by the sec
retary of state with no device or des-
ignating mark.
The clerks of election are authorized
to assist illiterate persons in preparing
their ballots.
The bill is said to meet the views Of
Governor Beckham.
The Senate has adjourned until
Tuesday and the House to-day took
the same course.
The Holly chieftain., 1900-09-07
Girl rhleve. Sent to Prison.

Toronto, Ont, Sept. "A gang of
girl thieves, ranging in age from If
teen to eighteen years, has been run
down by the police and to-day the
members were sentenced to imprlson-
ment. Isabelle O'Brien stole a purse
from n woman shopper and a gold
watch from Mrs. NJ. Dicker of San
Francisco, California, who was visiting
here. So well pleased was the girl
with her success that she organized
the gang Of girls and instructed them
how to steal, sending them into crowds
In the streets and into stores. Some
times the girls circulated reports of fire
or accident to divert attention in order
to facilitate the theft of purses or other
valuables. They operated a long time,
and many complaints were made be-
fore the arrests. The O'Brien girl was
given an intermediate sentence and the
others tx months in reformatory.
The Holly chieftain., 1900-09-07

ther than others, but disregarding spe-
cial exceptions, the rule is that we
must all share in common something
of whatever adversely or whatever
prosperity is In store for the nation as
a whole. In the long run each section
Of the community will rise or fall as
the community rises or falls.
Mr.. Bryan said in part:
mo civilization can Ike considered
perfect which does not plant hope in
the breast of every child born into the
world; the nearer we approach to this
ideal, the better is our civilization.
Those who complain Of existing condi
tions cannot be put aside as disturbers
of the peace. To seek n remedy for
every abuse OF government Ia more pa
triotic than to profit by bad systems
and then frown down all criticisms.
There should be no antagonism be-
tween those engaged in the various oc-
cupations, and there will be none when
all recognize the mutual obligations
which are due between citizens. Our
desire should be, not to separate the
people into warning factions, but to
bring them into better acquaintance
and greater sympathy with each other.
The enmity which the poor sometimes
feel toward the rich and the contempt
which the rich sometimes manifest to-
ward the poor would be avoided II each
knew the other better and both were
content to be guided by the strict
rules of justice.
THE extremes of society are really
not as far apart as they appear.
Those who work for wages to-day may,
under a good government be en-
ployers in a few years, and the sons Of
those who are employers today may
in short time be day laborers. Since
no one can save posterity from the
evil effects Of a bad law, all should
strive for legislation which will pro-
tect each citizen in his rights and in the
enjoyment of the fruits Of his own
genius, his own industry and his own
integrity.
1T Is of advantage to the rich as well
as to the poor that the children of all
have an opportunity to secure an edu-
cation; for education widens the indi-
vidual's horizon, increases his capacity
for usefulness; muitiplies his enjoy
ments and makes him in every way
more serviceable to society. Victor
Hugo has described the mob us the hui
man race In misery. Those who are
well-to-do have a selfish interest, and
should feel a moral concern, in remov-
ing despair from every human breast
AS misery is lessened the security Of
prosperity Is increased; human life Is
protected in proportion as happiness
Is promoted.
The Holly chieftain., 1900-09-07
statement of Governmcnt Finances.

Washington. Sept 2.-The monthly
statement of the government receipts
and expenditures shows that during
August the total receipts We're S49,-
6Ss,755 and the expenditures $50, O,5O0,-
1913. an excess of expenditures over re-
ceipts of $S11, ,443. In August, 1899,
there was a surplus of nearly $1,000
600, and the treasury officials say this
surplus would have been exceeded but
for extraordinary civil and miscellan-
cons expenditures during August, on
account of the census, redemption of
Porto Rican coins, payment of Ha-
waiian postal savings bank deposits
under the annexation act and increases
in war and navy expenditures.
The receipts from the several sources
of revenue We're: Customs, $21 1854 .494;
internal revenues, $26,O54 ,O74; miscel-
,laneous. S2,249,525.
Expenditures for the month were:
Civil and miscellaneous, $11. 800, ,TS2,
increase $4.305.331; war, $15. .231 700,
increase 100000: navy, $5.456.5 in
crease $S59.OOO; Indians. 1901. .262, de-
crease S225. 600; pensions, $13, ,7SO, 100,
increase $65O,OO0; interest, $3,1OO,OS1,
decrease $SO5,OOO.
The Holly chieftain., 1900-09-07
A Soldier Convicted of rre.son,

San Francisco, Gala, Sept. 4.-Hen-
ry Vance, late of company L, Thirty
seventh regiment. United States vol
unteers, was brought from the Phil
lppines on the transport Thomas un-
der sentence of ninety-nine years i'm
prisonment at Alcatraz. He deserted
from the American army and took up
arms against his comrades. While
serving as n major with the Filipinos
he attacked wagon trains and escorted
parties. Vance was captured, court
martialed and sentenced to be shot, but
owing to the clemency Of President
Mckinley his punishment was COM
muted to Imprisonment. Vance's faith
er was Spaniard and his mother .
Mexican.
The Holly chieftain., 1900-09-07

this matter, and the manner In which
she treats this appeal from the Chi
nese notables may prove to be a test
OF the sincerity OF her expressed de-
sire to deal with the Chinese govern
ment as soon as possible.
DIR. Hill, first assistant secretary of
state, returned to Washington to-day
and assumed the duties of acting head
of the State Department, relieving Mr..
Adee, who was performing these du-
ties during the perpiexing diplomatic
exchanges of recent date.
The dispatch to-day from Perley. the
chief surgeon at Taku, makes II ap-
parent that whatever the conditions
may be ON the Land rout. between
Taku and Pekin, the Pei do river
route, at least, is open and safe for the
transportation Of passengers.
Berlin, Sept. 4.-Negotlations con
tinue between the powers respecting
tue propositions of Russia. 1t appears
that the portion of the proposal which
contemplates the removal Of the Legal
tions to Tien Tsin does not meet with
opposition, but the proposal that the
troops should vacate Pekin will not be
acted upon until after thorough ex-
animation OF the case by other pow
ers, with n special view OF the ques-
ton of military advisability.
Germany's program is to await the
action of the other powers. Count Won
Buelow, the German foreign minister.
has made communication to the Rus
sian ambassador, Count Van der Os-
ten-Sacken.
Most of the German papers are of
the opinion that 1t is very doubtful If
Germany can adopt Russia's sugges-
tions. and they deplore the evidence
of threatening split in the European
concert.
One leading Berlin journal asserts
that Emperor William. while convers-
ing with n group of officers last Satur-
day evening. said:
under no conditions shall we give
up Pekin, not even II every army
corps has to be mobilized."
The Holly chieftain., 1900-09-07
Arthur sew.ll stricken with Apopls.y.

Bath, Maine, Sept. 4.-Arthur Sewall,
Democratic candidate for vice presi-
dent in 1896, is In a critical condition
at his summer home at Small Point,
sixteen miles from this city.
Mr.. Sewall was seized with an at
tack Of apoplexy at 10 o'clock last night
and has been unconscious most Of the
time since then.
His condition was unchanged at mid
night. He had not regained conscious
ness, and 1t was stated by the physi-
clans that there was absolutely no hope
for his recovery.
His death is expected at any moment.
and he probably will not come out Of
the stupor in which he has lain since
stricken. The family is about the bed
side awaiting the end.
The Holly chieftain., 1900-09-07
THIRTEEN KILLEDN
A RAILWAY ACCIDENT

Philadelphia, Sept. 3.-Thirteen per-
eons were killed and over thirty tnturs
ed Ii the appalling record Of . rear
end collision between an excursion
train and a milk train on the Bethle-
hem branch Of the Philadelphia +
Reading railway this morning at Hat
field, Pennsylvania, twenty-seven miles
north of this city.
The wrecked train consisted Of ten
day coaches, which was the first sec
ton of a large excursion made up OF
people from Bethlehem, Allentown ano
surrounding towns to Atlantic City.
This section carried only persons who
lived in Bethlehem and Allentown, and
left the Union depot in Bethlehem at
sos a. M, exactly thirty-five minutes
behind the milk train. The latter
train consisted OF two milk cars and
two passenger coaches and stopped at
every station along the road from Beth
lehem en- route to Philadelphia. AT
6.54 the milk train drew up at the milk
platform at Hatfield and in less than
two minutes the excursion train, run.
ming at the rate of thirty-five miles an
hour, crashed into the rear of the milk
train.
The locomotive ploughed through the
two passenger COACHES and crushed
them as II they were egg-shells. The
milk car Immediately in front was al
so badly wrecked. FoIr persons, God
fray Kaelin, his daughter Mamie, Har-
old Lands and William Blackburn on
the passenger car of the milb train
were almost Immediately killed. For
tunately there were but very few per-
sons on this train.
The excursion train was a picture Of
indescribable horror. The locomotive
was a mass of bent and broken iron,
and firmly held the bodies of its engi-
neer and fireman beneath its great
weight. Behind the engine six of the
ten cars were also mass of wreckage.
The first car was broken in twain and
the other five cars were thrown on
their sides, completely demolished.
Nine persons We're killed in the first
two cars. and the others in those
coaches We're badly MANNED.
The Holly chieftain., 1900-09-07
Gold Medal Awarded walter Baker . C..

Gold Medal Awarded Walter Baker D Cs.
Paris. Aug. 20.-The Judges at the
Paris Exposition have Just awarded
gold medal to Walter Baker & Co.,
Ltd. Dorchester. Mass. U. s. A.. for
their preparations Of cocoa and choco-
late. This famous company. now the
largest manufacturers OF cocoa and
chocolate in the world. have received
the highest awards from the great in
ternational and other expositions in
Europe and America This Is the
third award from . Paris ExposidoA
The Holly chieftain., 1900-09-07
The Nicaragua Canal.

Washington, Sept. 3.-The Costa RI
can minister announced to-day that his
government and Nicaragua are prepar-
ing to negotiate with the United States
for the construction Of the isthmian
canal BY the United States govern
meat
The Holly chieftain., 1900-09-07
Loat sixht Of.

Mr.. Penn-what became of that project
to send message of sympathy from Ca
Mr.. Pitt-I think It must have been
abandoned on account Of the dimculty
that would be experienced In delivering
graph.
The Conservative, 1900-11-08
NORTH CHINA WOMEN.

It has often been said that the woman
Of northern China, that portion of the
empire invaded by Russia, reigns su.
preme in her own household. Though
this is an exaggeration, she is undoubt-
edly of greater consequence than the
woman farther south. The Manchu
woman, farther north than Pekin, is Ger.
tainly far more emancipated than her
Hun sister, and she at least is allowed
her natural feet to walk upon.
Another curious fact observed in
China is that the women of the lower
classes have much more freedom than
those Of rank, and are more on an
equality with their husbands. The expla.
nation of this is matter of Chinese
social economics. The poorer man is
the fewer spouses can he afford to keep,
so that the average man of the lower
not the middle-classes has but one
wife. In this alone she holds an advan-
The Conservative, 1900-11-08

main as they are it would be quite as
sensible, say, for the farmer to think
that he can improve his condition by
selling his wheat by the peck instead of
by the bushel as by measuring it's value
in silver instead of in gold. Everything
else as we'll as wheat would be meas
ured in silver and what could any one
gain?
I imagine that no one will differ with
me as to this.
In order, however, to effect result
the advocates of silver coinage, like
all weaklings, appeal to government to
enact the free coinage of silver at 16 to 1
while the commercial exchangeable
value is that Of, say, 80 to 1.
That law, admit, would have one ef-
feet. It would enable every debtor to
cheat his creditor out of one half his
debt. AS to all future transactions it
would have no effect at all other than
that belonging to the use of any metal
or other commodity not so well fitted for
use as standard and medium of ex.
change.
No government can enact the proper
tionate rate at which men shall exchange
commodities or if it does, it is always
brutum fulmen. Any government can
enact a law by which fraud or wrong
shall be perpetrated on certain classes of
the people.
Is it worth while to delude ourselves
with the idea that because way for
debtors to cheat creditors has been
found, the philosophers stone or per-
petual motion or, to use the homely
phrase, way to lift ones self up by
his boot straps, has also been discover
ed?
To me it seems that the smallest
amount of reflection ought to teach any
man that change in the standard and
medium of exchange cannot give relief
to one whose tronble is that the commo.
dity of which he has too much has fall
len in excbangeable value.
WHEELER H. PECKHAM.
The Conservative, 1900-11-08

cotton is exchanged for iron. No one
wants or keeps money.
Thus the sole function of money is to
facilitate exchanges and but for the fact
the use of money decreases the cost of
exchanges it's existence would be pure
waste of so much merchandise.
For What Ills is Free Silver Prescribed?
Now what are the ills which it is sup.
posed would be remedied by the change
of the metal Of money from gold to sill
yer?
The ills are the existence of what are
called hard times or business depression
It is not pretended that any other ills of
humanity can be so remedied-at least
dire city.
What then are hard times or business
depression?
I venture to say that hard times or
business depression is always the result
of overproduction or over accumulation
of commodities to point where they
cannot be sold at price exceeding or
equal to their cost. In the word COM
modities in this connection I include all
things which are bought and sold by
mankind.
If the overproduction is confined to
single or but few commodities, wherein
but small proportion of the population
is engaged, the effects will be cOmpara-
lively small
If the overproduction be general or if
as in the western land speculation of
1857 very large proportion of the pop.
ulation is engaged in it, the effect will
be comparatively great and even may
enlarge into panic so great as to pros
trate the country.
True, at such times there is great
demand for money; because of many
people suddenly realizing that the bub-
BILE has burst and desiring to sell
the overproduced commodity, but the
difficulty in selling arises not so much
from any lack of money to effect ex-
changes as from lack of persons having
other commodities being willing to ex-
change them for the panic commodities
at the price.
The trouble is not money trouble
but barter trouble. Gauged by what
standard you will the panic commodity
cannot be exchanged.
Free Coinage No Remedy.
The commerce of the world consists
in the exchange of commodities. Money
has no function in respect to such COM
merce other than as the standard by
which to compare and express exchange
able values and as the medium or inter-
mediate through or by which the ex-
change of the commodities is effect
ed.
How can change of that medium re-
The Conservative, 1900-11-08
THE FUNCTIONS OF MONEY ANA,

The first step in an inquiry regarding
the functions of money is to ascertain
what is meant by money-and what is it's
functions.
1 think that all must agree that the
word money involves two attributes.
First, it is standard of exchangeable
value. Second, it is medium of ex-
change. By standard of exchangeable
value is meant that in the exchange of
commodities or services their compare
tive values are expressed in terms of the
standard and not in terms of the COM
modities or services themselves. Mer-
chants instead of saying that they will
give so many bales of cotton for so many
tons of iron say that they will give 80
much of the standard for so much iron
or sell so many bales of cotton for so
much of the standard. This use of
standard of value is the difference be-
tween the barter of the savage peoples
and the trade of commerce of the civil.
lied world. Some object which men de-
sire and which can be obtained only by
labor has always been used as this stan
dard of value and it's excellence as such
standard has always been proper
toned to it's comparative uniformity
of value.
By medium of exchange is meant the
use of the standard in effecting the de-
sired barter and to pay differences in ex-
change. To conveniently serve this pur-
pose the standard must be put in such
shape that the weight and fineness can
be readily known. At first this object
was attained by the stamp of we'll
known private persons later by coinage
by the government. Coined metal thus
becomes money and this quite irrespec-
tive of the question whether it is made a
legal tender.
Now as to the functions of money.
The exchangeable value of gold and sill
yer, like the exchangeable value of
everything else, depends upon the cost
of it's production and the degree to
which for purposes of use it excites the
desires or demand of mankind.
If not needed for money, coins can be
melted and used in the arts and thus
supply demand. Because of that value
they can be used and passed from per.
son to person in effecting exchanges.
No one wants money for any other pur.
pose than to get something else. AS a
thing to keep it is without value-there
is no demand for it; as thing to spend
it is in the greatest demand. Its sole
real function is to facilitate exchanges
by saving the labor and complications
of barter.
Where money exists if man has
Delaware gazette and state journal. (Wilmington, Del.) 1883-1902, 1900-12-20
ROBBERlES AT ELSMERE AND NEWPORT.
Chickens and Money Have Been Taken i'm
tho Past Few Weeks.

Chickens and Money Have Been Taken in
tho Past Few Weeks.
Thieves have been active at Elsmere,
Newport and contiguous territory ia the
past few weeks, and from the number of
fowls stolen they are going to enjoy a
residents of those sections are IN an aeitated
state IF mind conserving the robberies
and will not be unduly nerciful II they run
across any of the thieves. One man out at
Elsmere said yesterday that he had
bloodhound which be proposes to put on
faith that the dog will successfully track the
man, and woe betide the man If 1t so
happens RBe a;.,. !. ,,,u,.,... A., ,,,.,..
Catharine Flynn at Elsmere, on Monday
morning, their securing of little plumber,
and their flight fastened by the firing of q
revolver by Levy Courtman John Lynn has
already been told. About the same time
the Kitchener residence at Elsmere was
entered and about 800 stolen.
On Monday night, burglars were busy In
the town of Newport. They stole three
turkeys and a lot Of chickens from August
Drovers' Hotel. they opened shutter at
Workman's barber shop, which adioins the
hotel, ard robbed the shop of all the razois
and brushes and some of the shaving cups.
The proprietor, Sewel Workman, found
that they had not carried OIL his chairs.
But the field of operations was not con-
fined to Newport, for on the same evening %
pairs of chickens wero stolen from George
Edmundson's place, between Newport and
Hare's Corner.
About two weeks ago Constable J. r.
Porter of Newport had IL chickens taken.
1t Is too bad the doughty official did not
get shot at the thieves. Hopes Baynes of
Newport had II pairs of chickens stolen.
A few weeks ago, gold watch and some
money, about SIS. were stolen from Will
liam Crouch's at Marshallton. The money
included some which young woman Of
the household was saving for Christmas
Since the robbery the watch has been found
in tree near the house, and IL Is supposed
the thief feared detection IL attempting to
| sell it,
The swapping of wire was heard Tuesday
night about $50 O'Clock In the vicinity OF
Ferris Industrial School, and an inyestiga-
tion yesterday revealed the loss of about
one and one-half miles of telephone wire,
the property Of the Delaware d Atlantic
| Co.
| II was also learned that during the night
| thieves had entered the residence of Abner
| Hollingsworth at that place and had stolen
J several articles OF Wearing apparel and
| some silver and did considerable damage to
the furniture. IL is evident that the thieves
| were acquainted with the inside of the house
and had plenty of time in which to do the
work,
Delaware gazette and state journal. (Wilmington, Del.) 1883-1902, 1900-12-20
FARMERS INSTITUTE.
Proceedings of Meetings Held at Stanton
and Dover.

Proceedings OF Meetings Held Mt Stanton
and Dover.
Special Correspondence OF Gazette and Journal.
Stanton, Dec. 19.-The Farmers Institute
of New Castle county held two successful
meetings in the Grange Hall Monday.
The afternoon meeting was addressed by
Prof. l.. 4. Clinton of Cornell University,
Ithaca. N. y, upon "Some Principles
Underlying Successful Potato Culture. -
The points covered were such ns preparation
and selection of soil and methods OF plant
ing. cultivation and spraying. Prof. g..
Harold Powell of the Delaware Agricul-
tural Ext eminent Station spoke upon
Apple Growing in Delaware,'' giving
valuable information upon selection of
varieties, methods uf starting orchards and
the care OF them.
r, In the evening, Prof ". II; Bishop Of
and Education, and was followed by Prof.
Clinton upon Agriculture as an 0ccupa-
ton for Young Men," Prof Clinton was
asked many questions upon slices and their
use, which showed that there Is deep interest
in that subject. Prof. Powell spoke upon
public schools and the good to be accom-
plisheu by farmers reading courses. In
fact, the evening session was devoted
mainly to consideration of the forces
which are In operation to make farm life
more attractive.
BOtn meetings we're well attended, the
audiences being made up of the best
farmers for several miles around, which
shows that they are interested in this
method of supplying information.
Tomorrow afternoon ard evening, meet
ings will be held at Hockessin, to be ad-
dressed by Prof. Clinton and others. An
interesting programme Is assured, and good
audiences are expected.
% Friday afternoon, the meeting will be
In Odessa.
KENT COUNTY INSTITUTE.
Special Correspondence Of Gazette and Journal
Dover, Dec. 19.-The Kent County Far
mers' Institute held its annual meeting
here yesterday.
The following officers were elected Presi.
dent, r. M. Cooper Vice President, Charles
O. Barker; Secretary, Wesley Webb; Treas.
urer, Ezekiel Cooper Executive Committee,
j. L. Carter, II. ID. Learned, Gamaliel Gar.
rison, James T. Aaron, w. r. Melee, vii.
liam M. Dixon, pennel Emerson. +. M.
Soper. j. NJ. Eisenbrey and j. J. Rosa
Auditing Committee, ]. II. Heyd and Riley
Melvin.
Prof. j. A. Clinton of Cornell University
made interesting addresses.