davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1900-11-10
DOES THE WORK OF $50 MEN.
New Labor Saving Machine Adopt
cd by the Illinois Steel Company.

\ machine was started the other day
for the first time in the blast furnace
sheds of the Illinois Steel company's
plant at South Chicago which will do
work which heretofore has required
$50 men. The machine requires but six
men to operate it.
Admission to the plant is denied all
who do not work there, and the fact Of
the existence Of the new machine has
been guarded as a secret Of the enor-
nous steel company. In the manufac-
ture Of steel great quantities Of pig
iron are used. Formerly this pig iron
was bought in ingots at the blast fur
naccs near the iron mining ccnters and
then shipped to Chicago. Later the H.
linois Steel company commenced the
construction Of a number Of blast fur
|naces with the expectation of manu-
featuring their own pig iron. This was
to be done by bringing the ore to the
plant. In the last year the company
has has 16 blast furnaces turning out
pig iron night and day. This required
a force of $50 men making the lnolds
in the sand for the ingOrs and making
the troughs in the sand beds on the
open hearth in front Of the furnaces
| through which the molten iron could
run into the molds. Besides the great
expense of carrying that number Of
men on the pay roll there was the ad-
ditional disadvantages that after a run
had been made there was q necessary
wait of several hours for the metal to
cool. Then each ingot had to be car
ried by hand to the cars.
| The new machine does all this. Sew
cral hundred steel molds are arranged
lon a long link belt. The belt is kept in
constant nation and brings the molds
under the noses of the furnaces. The
molten iron fills the molds as they pass
under, and then the belt carries the
mold down into a deep trough of run
ming cold water. In passing through
this the ingot is cooled and then is car
ried by the belt out into the yards,
where the mold dumps the ingot into a
freight car standing under it. Hardly
a minute elapses from the time the
molten iron leaves the furnace until it
lies an ingot in the freight car ready to
be dumped into the steel furnaces.
The machine, which is the invention
lof Walter A. Hardy Of the Carnegie
mills, cost $4,000 to construct. It is
ESTIMATED tsat the machine will pay
for itself in three months in the saving
Iof wages.
In that branch Of the plant there is
no union among the men, but they gen.
orally receive So a day for their work.
1t Is said that the company contem-
plates building several new blast fur
naces and thereby being in a position
to manufacture all of the pig iron it
consumes. An employee Of the draft
ing department of the Illinois Steel
fcompany with offices in the Rookery
building, said that the company was
'planning to made additions to the
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1900-11-10
THE DIAMOND POLISHERS.
They Strike Because Their Work
/ Brinxs Them Nothing in Return.

They strike because 4Ac1E "OEh
Brings Them Nothing In Return.
AS a rule workmen strike because
they believe their wages are too small
Now the 10000 diamond polishers in
the Netherlands are fighting their en-
ployers because they earn under their
present rates Of payment NOTTINGHAM
solutely nothing.
Some diamond polishers, after haV-
ing worker diligently for a week or ten
days. finds that not only have they not
earned anything for themselves. but
have actually to pay something out Of
their own pockets to square accounts
instead of getting something put into
them.
Those who own diamonds in the
rough and require them polished are.
speaking generally. persons who carry
on their business at an office, but who
have no factory or polishing establish
ment. The buildings in which the
stones are polished are concerns cX-
plotted as private undertakings, dis
tinct from either work giver or worker.
4 polisher gets parcel Of diamonds
to polish from a merchant jeweler, and
a certain price is to be paid for that
parcel when the work is completed.
The man who undertakes the work
has to hire bench and wheel in one
Of the polishing establishments, and
Of course he himself has to pay the
hire out Of the gross amount which he
is to receive.
The rate of pay, which was arranged
by mutual agreement in 1894. is sup
posed to include these expenses to
which the worker is put. But many
Of the charges are more than doubled.
since that date, while the gross pay re-.
mains the same. :.
Also, the polisher requires the help
of some one to prepare his wheel and
keep it in order from time to time and;
the aid of yet another Individual, cali
ed "versteller," to set the stones in
the holders in which they are i1eld
down on the wheel during the grinding:
or polishing process. All these "helps''
cost money, but it must come out Of
the gross pay. Furthermore, GER
tain quantity of inferior stones has to
be bought by him for reducing to pow
der with which the polishing is done.
Hence this deadlock.
Unfortunately these diamond work.
crs have been in enforced idleness for
a year, owing to the sources of supply
of the rough stones being shut Oft
through the war In the Transvaal, and
they are. as q body, i'll prepared to 20
through strike.
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1900-11-10
Glass Workers Bla clIliSteu.

New York glass cutters have made a
demand for the general enforcement of
the SIS hours a week rule Of the Amcri-
can Flint Glass Workers union. The
larges shops in Brooklyn granted the
demand, and all but four firms in Man.
haitian followed suit.
The president OF local union No. 81,
says some Of these nonunion firms are
blacklisting members of the 0rganiza-
ton ed that redress will be sought in
the courts.
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1900-11-10
Strike Fund Of %1,OOO.OOO.

Delegates representing many thou
sands Of members affiliated with the
American Federation Of Labor wit
propose to the officers Of the fedora.
ton the creation Of a standing fund Of
s1,00O.O0O to be used as n nucleus for
strike funds in case of future large
strikes Of farreaching effect. like the
coal miners strike.
Those In favor Of the fund believe
that, In order to handle the labor bat
ties involving a very large army Of.
workingmen. it is necessary to have
the proper sinews Of war.
Capital must be fought with capital,
argue the labor leaders who are in ia
vor Of raising the emergency fund. A
fund must be at hand Immediately to
put every striker in a mood to stay out
on strike until the various organiza-
tons the members Of which feel as if
they would like to assist the strikers
have been warmed us sufficiently on
the subject to contribute literally for
the support Of the unions involved in
the strike.
It is believed that the proposition for
a million dollar strike fund will meet
with great favor, since labor leaders
are beginning to realize the necessity
for such a fund, having learned much
through the big cigarmakers' strike
which has been going on in this city
for many months. The $500 cigar
makers ordered out at the beginning
Of the strike required over $4,000 a
week to keep them out. The Cigar
Makers International union has only
been able to raise this large weekly
fund through tremendous efforts.
The International union, however, is
now satisfied that large strike can be
successfully carried out if only there
is q large enough defense fund. '
Various unions of national scope I'M
mediately started to raise funds for the
assistance Of the coal miners when the
late strike first broke out recognize
ing the Importance of being ready to
assist them when the call for help
.camc.-New York Journal.
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1900-11-10
Laundry Workers. Union.

The various laundry workers of the
United States want to form a national
union. With that end in view the Off
GERS of several organizations have call
ed tr,:de convention to be held In
Troy, n Y. on Nov. II. All laundry
men have been notified and requested
to send representatives. 49,
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1900-11-10

mr. IL nnp'e From Paris. Positively
ceoo ne Esrneh most stubborn cases Of
pvla. R'Gn'a s MSp!a1E pathological }Eqsk1
sIons, or return money. $40 a
package or, three - for $500. Re-
Fuse substitutes. Sent anywhere pre-
G PAID on on refsipt gf pFtGs snd sqsEsn-
Ill. Retail and swholesaleI by Max With,
and 8. =. Boyce: druR4iste. Duluth. and
NyRren's Drug Store. w. Duluth. MINI.
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1900-11-10
DOCTOR YOURSELE.

uuNUVa male and female. For The DOS o..
tive cure of Gonorrhoea. elect. Unfiat-
u u discharges: Inflammation frrita-
membranes. An internal remedy with
Injection combined. warranted to cure
worst cases in one week. IS Der pack
age or for S.: Sent anywhere on re-
KIDD. DRUG CO.. Elein. iii. Retail
and wholesale, bv s. F. Boyce and Max
Wirth: druggists. Duluth. and Nvgren's
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1900-11-10
TO THE DEAF.

A rich lady, cured Of her deafness
and noises in the head by DR.. Nichol-
sons Artificial Ear Drums, gave $4,000
to his institute so that deaf people un-
able to procure the Ear Drums may
have them free. Address No. 597Sc The
Nicholson Institute, $50. Eighth Avenue,
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1900-11-10

C.. J. Tufte's Drug Store. oO25 West
Superior street. a select stock of
drugs, patent medicines, perfumes, and
toilet articles.
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1900-11-10

ASK your grocer for Duluth Universal
Flour. 1t always gives satisfaction.
The morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1899-1930, 1900-05-05
ENGLAND's GRAVE SITUATION.
Ex- Secretary OF State Foster Sees Dis
aster for the British In the
Transvaale War.

NEW YORK. May 4.--A special to
the Herald from Washington, says:
That disaster threatens Great Bri-
tain as result OF the war In the
Tlansvaal is the belief OF John w.
Foster. OF Indiana. former secretary
OF state.
Mr.. Foster has followed the military
operations In South Africa making a
close study OF them, and at the same
time giving keen scrutiny to affairs In
Europe. To q reporter Mr.. Foster
said;
1T Is much to bo feared that Eng
land Is engaged In protracted and
in the end an alarmlngly costly enter
prise, In her armed contention with
the Beers.
'It Is to be anticipated that in the
end. through the weight OF numbers
and superior resources England Will
win, but that will by no means end the
struggle. At the present rate progress
Is not only slow, but every days delay
must increase the difficulties OF the sit
uaticn from military point Of view
and the same may be said with respect
to a solution by diplomacy.
1T has been the history of all such
struggles, and England has been no ex-
ception, that the disturbance of COM
merclal relations and other questions
more or less involved, very soon make
The morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1899-1930, 1900-05-05
TIE FIGHT AT BRANDFoRT.
General Results Appear to Have Fa-
vored the Beers, VINO Took
Many Prisoners.

NEW YORK. May A dispatch to
the Herald from Brandfort, dated
Wednesday, says:
Today was full OF fighting with an
occasional lively skirmish. The Boer
defensive line remains intact, and the
British attempt to cut Off De Wet and
scatter the Boer force which is threat
enlng Roberts flank and rear has been
complete failure so far.
There was heavy fighting yester lay
along the Thabanchu- -Sannas Post
road, the British being beaten slowly
back. De Wet, coming from the south
and Grobler and Lenner from the
south, on Monday caught the Brit
ish reinforcements for Thabanchu in
the apex OF an angle. forcing their
withdrawal
In yesterdays fighting the Beers had
the better positions, but the British
were superior in numbers.
The Beers attack was begun on
Sunday. Under De Wet, Grobler,
Lemmer and Botha, they attacked q
large British column, near Thabanchu,
which was trying to intercept De
vets retirement from Wepener,
The battle ragged all day Sunday for
several miles along the Bloemfontein
road. The general result was indecl'
sive. but the British were evidently
retiring in the direction Of Bloemfon-
tein. The Beers captured number OF
prisoners.
SlSlrmishing along the Modder river
indicates that Lord Roberts main
army is advancing northward.
The morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1899-1930, 1900-05-05
EFFECTS OF FIRE DAMP.
one of the sehoheld Mine Rescuers
Describes Its Deadly Nature.

SALT LAKE. May 4.-The total
amount Of the relief fund for the suf-
ferers from the mining disaster at
Scoheld is now $3s.SO5.
One Of the rescue party today said'
"A great many people have already
asked II the men who were killed from
the damp suffered much. 1 can say
that they did not, and know that to
be the case, because have gone
through the experience to the stage Of
Inconsistencies during the past ten
days. Many Of us in the rescue par
ties were overcome by the damp and
were carried back into purer air by
our companions.
This damp contains carbon dioxide
and is very poisonous. A Whit of II
almost paralyzes a man and a good
breath of it renders him unconscious.
Then he falls as il in sleep and dies
unless instantly carried into purer air.
What struggles take place after the
first breath are struggles that Eature
puts forth automatically. have seen
our men fall and struggle but they
knew nothing of it.
The morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1899-1930, 1900-05-05
Hunter Now Operating Within
1876 Miles Of Besieged City.
THE BOERS STEADILY RETIRE
G,neral lIulion's Mounted Infantry Roui a
Column Of Iisb-Amerieuns, Who Appear
for The First Tine Ia the Ranks
Of the Boer Forces.

LONDON. May 5.--Tho mounted In.
fantry with Lord Roberts. among
which are the Canadians. have picket
cd their horses on the south bank of
the Vet ryOr. IS miles north Of Brand
fort.
The head Of Lord Roberts columns
has thus advanced % miles from karee
siding In two days or 90 miles north OF
Bloemfonteln. Little powder was spent.
The British work was hard marching,
the Beers retiring out Of reach OF the
Bntirh IN the hills.
As General Hutton, with the first
mounted infantry brigade. drew near
Rrandfort he saw kahkl clad body
OF troops ahead Of him. He was sur.
prsed bu; thought they must be Brit
lsh. Soon. however. they opened FIRE
upon the British. who replied heavily.
They were the Irish American brigade
from Lourcnc0 Marques. and II Is re-
ported that the Irish lost heavily.
Lord Kitchener arrived nj Brand
fort at noon and Lord Roberts at
dusk. General French's cavalry are
sw eeplng the country northward. The
news greatly cheers London. Never
,heless. It has not been received With
the fine rapture that attended the
nrst successes Of Lord Roberts. Cen
eral Hunters crossing the Vaal at
windsorlon brings the relief Of Mafek-
ing. 1876 miles beyond almost within a
ealculable interval. II is now regarded
as quite possible that Mafeklng may
be succored before the queens firth
dny
The morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1899-1930, 1900-05-05
IT is AT LAST CLOSED.
Occur d'Alene Investigation Wound
Up in the Usual Daily Row
Yesterday.

WASHINGTON. May 4.-The hear
ing in the Occur d'Alene investigation
today was at times quite exciting, ow-
ing to personal exchanges between
members Of the committee.
Representative Hay, of Virginia, as
serted at one point that efforts were
being made by the majority to sup
press testimony. Representative Mon
dell. Of Wyoming, said that this as
sertion impugned the motives of the
members and was due to the failure Of
the minority to get the answers they
desired. Hay hotly retorted throw
ing back the insinuation and declar-
ing it was IAN absolute falsehood."
The taking of testimony closed to-
night. after having continued uninter-
ruptedly since February 10, a period
of nearly three months. Both sides
rested and the committee excused all
the witnesses.
On Monday the arguments of counsel
will begin, probably concluding that
day.
The morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1899-1930, 1900-05-05
heir cause Than Is generally appre.

their cause than is generally appre-
clated.
II has been the impression Of the Of
Gelals that the capture or death Of
Asulnaldo would mean the death knell
Of the revolt. but II Is now apparent 10
them that whether Agulnaldo be dead
or alive the guerrilla hghting win con-
tinue and probably continue for some
time.
While In some quarters the belief Is
expressed that the insurgents viii at
tempt 70 reorganize during the rainy
season. Lleutenant-c Colonel Barry, who
was acknowledgement on General Otis
staff, pointed out that the troops are
now well distributed in Luzon and
within striking distance Of any point
Where the Filipinos may congregate
Lieutenant Colonel Barry added that
wherever the Fillpinos could go the
American troops had demonstrated
that they could follow.
To prevent the success Of the guer-
rilla tactics OF the insurgents 1t is like
ly that the military commanders Will
direct that only detachments be sent
on expeditions which are sufficiently
strong to cope with any bands Of Fill
plnos that may be met. The last mail
from Manila contains a report from
General Otis giving the stations OF
troops in the Philippine Islands. The
G., 900 men under General Otis COM
mand are distributed among 25O sta
tions. about 2lO OF which are in the ISL
1 and OF Luzon.
The morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1899-1930, 1900-05-05

nntlong restiye. There might be no
desire 20 Interfere on general princl-
plee, but the influence Of the financial.
lndugtriai and commercial interests Of
ten compel governments TO act from
economical considerations.
mo one can tell what Is going on a.
this very moment among the maritime
and military powers Of Europe. Al
any time there might be a surprise.
They surely cannot be looking on.
simply MS Indifferent spectators Of a
possible dlficult international prob
lem.
"The Transportation OF the largest
army England has ever had In SIN
gle theatre OF warllke operations more
than half the distance between the two
poles Of the earth Is In Itself an ex-
pensIve undertaking and very difii-
cult one. But this is the least element
Of consideration. The supply and
maintenance Of such a large force In
the field over six thousand miles away
from home. IN a region difficult Of ac-
cess and with most Inadequate means
Of transportation. is a problem to oc'
cupy mature military minds.
Then there ls the element Of waste
and destruction Incident to an army
in The field and In action. This neces-
states constant replenlshment, all OF
which by any increasing ration ADDS
to the cost. As a military enterprise
the end is evidently not In sight
But even n the lighting were end
Cd. there would be a discon;ented peo-
ple 10 Keep in subsection which would
REQUIRE an expensive military estao-
llshment.
THE experience OF the war thus far
has very effectually established the
prestige OF the Beers as lighters. They
may be able to continue. II they do
for few months. other Developments
are not improbable. England. not per
haps exhausted, but embarrassed by
protracted demands upon her lighting
material In men. supplies and muni-
tlons Of war. her army thousands OF
miles away. might find II difficult to
head OF foreign interference by sub
stantlal methods.
They might not be In the nature OF
overt acts of military aggression or
diplomatic inquiry. but such a lining
up Of forces as would be difficult to
engage.
'The navy OF England. It is true, Is
free TO act. but what would become OF
British commerce and commerce Grip
pled. what would become OF British
manufactures. which signify industry
and means OF living? The time for
diplomatic settlement in the first
stages having passed. 1t is difficult to
see how 1t can come in now without
great loss Of prestige. The British
government is naturally sensitive.
Some decisive action might open way
but that way is not in sight now.
"The United States would be the
most natural intermediary. The lead-
ing European nations have their
spheres In Africa. For that reason
any suggestions from that quarter
would be out OF the question. in fact
have been warned against.
This war in such remote quarter
OF the globe is n more momentous af-
fair than the casual observer supposes'
1t may result in some very grave up
heavals in the worlds conditions. as
we now have them
The morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1899-1930, 1900-05-05
DEATH OF AGUINALDo.
Not Believed by War Department but
They Look for Prolongation
Of the War.

NEW YORK, May A special to
the Herald from Washington says;
Whether Aguinaldo be dead or
alive, it is evident to officials of the
war department that the insurgents
are pursuing a policy of warfare best
adapted to prolonging the rebellion.
Assistant Secretary of War Meikle-
John voiced the sentiment of the de-
partment when he expressed the
opinion that Agulnaldo was alive.
There is disposition now on the part
of the officials to discredlt Aguinal-
dos abilities. and Mr.. Meiklejohn said
that the capture OF Mabini, who was
the civic brains of the insurrection, and
of Filipino leaders who were its mill
tary minds. were greater losses to
The morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1899-1930, 1900-05-05
Sweeping Changes Made in Pres.
ent Plan Of Organization.
THE ARTILLERY ENLARGED
Ose Hundred More Cadets to Be Appointed
to West POlni...President Mckinley TO
Be Allowed to Provide for
0eneral Eagaa.

WASHINGTON. May A. Today's
session Of the senate vas rendered es-
peclally notable by the passage, after
debate lasting only three hours, Of
the army reorganization bill.
In military circles this measure is re-
garded as one OF the most important OF
the present session. II practically rev.
olutlonlzes the present stan ar
rangements OF the army. II proposes
TO change the present system Of per-
manent appointments In certain staff
corps to one OF detail, by a gradual
process as the officers in those corps
20 out OF active service. As vacan-
cles occur in the department Of the
aljutant- general and the commissary-
general, they are 70 be filled by de-
tails from the line. the details 10 be
temporary and not to exceed four
years.
The new system is not applied TO the
corps Of engineers. the medical de-
partment. the pay department or the
Judge advocate generals department.
The bill discontinues the regimental or
ganlzation Of the artillery and esiab-
fishes an artillery corps OF two
branches. viz: 126 batteries Of coast ar
tillery and IS batteries Of field artillery
..s.h . ,.toI - II 44S mon
II provides for an increase Of one
hundred in the corps Of cadets at West
Point. two at large from each state
and ten more to the present number
Of twenty from the United States at
large. The rank OF the commanding
general Of the army is raised to that
Of lieutenant general, and that Of ad-
jutant general to major geenral, the
latter being during the incumbency OF
the present adjutant general, General
| Corbln.
The president is empowered to place
on the retired list any officer who has
been suspended from duty by the SEN
tence of a court martial, or by leg
islative order in mitigation OF such
sentence. for a period extending to or
within one year of his compulsory re-
tirement for age.
This is we'll understood to apply to
Commissary General Egan. An amend
ment creating veterinary corps for
the army. consisting Of colonel and
thirty-five other commissioned officers
was attached to the bill.
The Notifications appropriation BILL
carrying about S7,5OO,OOO, was also
passed