The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1900-12-30

through the isthmus-Of Suez has short
ened the road to India and restored
the old trade route through the Medi-
terranean. The Baltic and the North
sea have been Joined, and ocean YES
sells can now reach the Great Lakes.
The great cantileveT bridge across the
Firth of Forth and the suspension
bridge over the East river show what
the nineteenth century bridge builders
could do. Tunnels have been dug
through the Alps, at the Mont Gents
and the St. GOthard, the latter wind
ing over itself within the mountain.
Tunnels nave been driven, too, under
the St. Clair river, the Mersey and the
Thames. A new architecture in steel
has been devised which ereCtS build
ings twenty and thirty stories high,
and towers that rise 1000 feet in the
air.
The output of minerals has been
enormous. Since the discovery of gold
in California and Australia the worlds
stock of the precious metal has been
trebled, and silver has almost ceased
to be regarded as d precious metal; but
this production is exceeded in value by
the coal, the iron, the copper, that
have been mined in the same period.
Improved Conditions of Life.
A remarkable result of the food Of
inventions OF social life has been the
establishment of practical equality
among men. 1t was inevitable that
their products or their effects should
become common and within the reach
Ct all. The average Of welfare and Of
comfort throughout the civilized world
is incomparably higher than in any
earlier century, and the Improvement
consists mainly in what has been added
to the power Of each individual. Lit
tie distinction between persons is pos
slble in the use Of rapid transportation,
OF abundant and cheap clothing or fuel
or food, of public and private sanitary
arrangements, of books, of the discOV-
cries of medical science, and so on. 1t
is an equality that has been made by
raising the weaker. not by lowering the
stronger. An equally noticeable result
is the extraordinary develOnment of or
ganizatiOn among large bodies of men,
and the spirit CT discipline, without
which it would be impossible to carry
on any large industrial undertaking.
The working of a railroad depends as
much on every employee doing his al
lotted task at the right moment as it
does on the action Of every piece in the
mechanism of the locomotive. Men
work together for a common purpose
as they never did before.
What Medical Science Has Done.
Greatest of III blessings in the a Y
ms DI suffering 40 mankind was the
discovery OfsandeStnetICS in 1914, and
at the end of tho century, instead of
the total uncoosci0usness produced by
ether or c~hlo-oforgn, methods have Deen
found to render senseless to pain only
those parts of the body on which the
=urseOn's knife must act. The finding
of minute animal and vegetable organ
isms in the body brought forth Pas
tours solution of the process of fer
m%entation; the examination of micro
organisms ana OF their action on the
body established the science of bac-
t~erioIOgy. with its tWO-fOId results. the
discovery Of the microbes Of specific
diseases with the process of inocula-
ton as a means of cure. and Listers
elimination of gangrene from surgical
operations by the use of antiseptics, ar
Improvement hat has thrown open tC
investigation every part of the living
Eody.
The microscope has removed tht
boundary between animal and vegeta.
BILE life. 1t has been demonstrated tina