davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1900-12-25

ic dispatches in one issue of the
Courier tell OF two innocent men hung
by maddened and fren2ied mobs Such
was the case yesterday, one story COM
ing from Indiana and the other from
Mississippi.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1900-12-25

Now that Grover
Where Is Cleveland has spoken,
Weaver? will some one please
tell your uncle James
B. Weaver just where he is at.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1900-12-25
The Boston Her.
Figures Are aid has been fur
Large. nished by its Wash

AC NDOSIOu I1SF>
Figures Are aid has been fur
Large. nished by it's Wash
ington correspond
ent with estimates of the exports from
the United States to Cuba, Porto Rico,
Hawaii, Samoa and the Philippines
during the year now reaching it's close.
Figures for November and December
are not at hand, but the estimate is
made from figures for the correspond
ing months of 1899 and 1898. The ia.
Bile is as follows:
10 Cupa .......... ..S26 ,0O0, 600
To Porto Rico ......... ;. 100000
To Hawaii ........ ...... $4,000, 900
To the Samoan Islands and
Guam -. ........ -. 100000
10 the Philippines -. =. 100000
Total ...... ...... $5O,100, 900
1t shows not only gratifying, but
a surprising increase when we consid-
err the unsettled conditions in more
than one of the islands specified. To
Cuba the exports will be double those
of any years except 1892, 1898 and
1894, in which years the reciprocity
treaty with Spain was responsible for
large increases.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1900-12-25
Ambassador Choate
Should Pay will not resign his po-
More. sition as United States

Of st. James. The cables have said
that tits action was contemplated by
MIR. Choate on account Of the recent
death of his law partner and that his
return to New York was imperative
in order that the law practice of the
firm might be kept up. 1t is notori-
Gus fact that our ministers to other
countries are underpaid, but Mr..
Choate is of the opinion that he can
hang onto the job for while yet, any
way.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1900-12-25
SUBSCRIPTION RATES.

Daily Courier, year, by mail. $500
Daily Courier, 1 year, by carrier. 600
Semi-Weekly Courier, year,. $50
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1900-12-25
CIRCULATION.

The Ottumwa Courier guarantees
more than double the circulation of all
other Ottumwa papers combined.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1900-12-25

The horrors of
Horrors of lynching are made
Lynching. frightfully manifest
when the telegraph
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1900-12-25

An Easy Way-If the habit of shoot
ing important witnesses, as that habit
has been introduced at Des Moines,
should become prevalent in Iowa, Tie
judicial proceedings in the state will
be greatly simplified.-Ce Rapids
Gazette.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1899-1903, 1900-12-25

TheeJudge Usually Is Right.-Judge
Eichelberger at Ottumwa, has decided
that husband and wife cannot be
partners in mercantile business
and maintain separate interests un-
der the law. This is said to be the
first time the question of the legality
of partnership between husband and
wife was ever raised in this state
Oskaloosa Herald
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1900-09-02
ghe a1ehita nsi1u gaa1e Sunday gorna September

resolution To have left this resolution
out of the plank in the beginning through
some oversight would not have been so
serious, but to deliberately cut it out az
ter hte convention had adopted it was a
rank betrayal OF one of Our party's prin-
cipIes, and a deception which was dis
honest in the extreme. Nothing I could
cay, however, was sufficient to induce
Mr.. Breidenthal to give any recognition
to the expressed will of the convention
which had adopted this resolution.
The fact is, in all my intimate associa-
ton with Breidenthal I was never able
To find in him one iota Of good feeling for
or sympathy with the laboring men He
has sought 70 pose as their friend and
has always been their enemy. His cruel
desertion Of his Topolobampo victims is
enough 7 was in Topeka three years
ago when the fellows were comparing
notes and getting their material ready
for the then approaching campaign.
Harry Lands was able 70 show that as
warden Of the penitentiary he had mined
and sold more coal than any other war
den. This John heartily approved, not
withstanding every bushel mined by con-
Wet labor took SO much bread from some
free miner. He has never stood the test
as a friend of the workingman. AS a
friend Of the banks he stands well, and
am told they feel very kindly towards
him. Why shouldn't they? He has never
hurt them. They tell Us he is a great
success as a bank commissioner. How?
I never heard Of a rotten bank that he
ever took charge Of before it exploded
from its rottenness, did you? He waits
until it does all the harm possible, then
ne takes charge Of the remains and
shouts, ''Whoppee, big Injun, me-"
Of course this is written as a personal
and private letter. And yet I don't care
what you do with it. I never write any
thing but the truth Of anyone, and hence
don't care what is done with it Very
truly yours. S. E. KING.
P. 81 till have ohn's letter dated
July IS. 1894, with the Official copy of
the platform attached, and can satisfy
you or anyone else that he struck out
the labor plank for the reason I have
given.
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1900-09-02
CRENSHAW NOI lL-TREAIEp
On the Contrary. That oE~er Had
ExfFzs I'd snarx Care

W2sAizzton. So. TIE var fegz-t-
rseat has received q te.sET&na frgsn Cs@a-
srzl Sasftsr - Saa F'-asc3N10 aaginx faas
hs hzs esres2s< irTesflzatas tse STATE
meats tEzf kaFs aeen naa<zs resafsse -
rse rrrzsr1snt ar-eFse1 tAs ate az tagu
CEeasszw q tss EA lrfzntry- ne
ETnersi SAYS There = nst tze s.sgat-
~ f1-ad4,lsa q fset n rs zsvsssser
arssciss = T1e5 y = elsszss - has
raot rsrezsst gTosef freafsssaE zh1s 81
has9 aa-g a. O. the h3sstal - ne
Presto = r. a57~-- O. ths raatra-r
fszs ~ >zss rsesae>ss r1e14zt esrs sns
sttentl71- Espovz - rsaa tszsy
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1900-09-02
COAL MARKETS IN EUROPE
Are Being Diligently Sought by
American OPERATORS.

London Sept. 1-American coal opera
tors and their agents are apparently
swarming TO England, and rumors Of
many important deals filed the air dur
| ing the past week W. P. Rend Of Chi
cage. is here on his way to Paris. He
is hopeful of supplying both the French
and Russian navies with steam coal from
West Virginia Mr.. Rend had a long in
terview with the Russian consul yester-
day and was in consultation with the
Russian naval attache today before pro-
ceeding to Paris
E. ". Hopkins Of Philadelphia, This
morning closed a contract for 100000 tons
Of Pennsylvania run-of-mine coal for i'm.
mediate delivery at Mediterranean ports.
Mr.. Hopkins said to a representative of
the Associated Press: English consum-
ers are not familiar with American I'M
screened coal but continental dealers are.
Therefore am selling to them 1 do not
anticipate trouble In securing charters"
President Cassatt of the Pennsylvania
railroad, has gone to Paris on the same
business, while the presence of Robert
Pitcairn, superintendent Of the PennsyI-
vania's Pittsburg division, at the Garlic
ton hotel, is occasioning considerable
gossip. Mr.. Pitcairn goes to Scotland for
visit to Andrew Carnegie early next
week and it has been said that there is
on foot a scheme to provide the Pennsyl-
yania coal syndicate with transatlantic
transportation. Mr.. Pitcairn said to
of the Associated Press:
Ny visit TO Mr.. Carnegie is not exactly
on the errand suggested. I am not quite
sure how long the present coal famine
under existing conditions in England will
continue Ny personal idea IS that
American mine owners are apt to find a
better market in Mediterranean or Black
Sea ports than in countries where Eng
land herself viii be a competitor. Under
fair conditions believe the United States
can supply England's former customers
on the continent with profit"
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1900-09-02

The climax OF all tented amusements.
A G. Aliens Big Original New Orleans
Colored AIinstrels. Will appear Wednes-
day night. September ). under canvas.
The company numbers more than Io3 peo-
pie and includes some OF the best singers.
dancers. cakewalkers and coiored speci-
atty artists known among the coIored
race, This is the only minstrel company
IN the United States that shows under
canvas. Nj Allen Is the originator Of
the idea and he has succeeded IN getting
together minStre, organization Of such
a size and magnitude that would be i'm
possible 10 be produced in al opera house
Owing 70 the large seating capacity of
his tent he IS enabled to place the price
Of admission at Is and = cents,
Corner Elm and Main streets.
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1900-09-02
We Stand Behind

A beautiful line of Bobinet
and Muslin Curtains. We not
only stand behind their beauty,
but the quality and price.
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1900-09-02
nzEN1Nc q rz----rs .car..-.-r

OPENING or LEWIS ACADEMY.
On Tles1ay morning next Iezis acza-
eEY VII enter 1;pou IS fifteenth rear
The prospects for fall enrolment 49,
very bright The former pupils are -e-
Turning alEnest withogt exception ard
. large member q asw p1plls are e.
rolling. There XII re 90 recatztsezs hszs
On Tuesday sut az pugGs arr sx7ee.sa
= report a. T. n ~ Classification.
PET. 2 = scEs55. ~h7 ~ sre-t ths
Sumner a. Hartford. Corr. rs,u--s8
Ertzay.
Pref ! {. Foo:H z Ana. Nj. rh3
takes ths ehasr - raztAezaz-ies. arrived
On yrsszegs4g last
Ms. G Ba--e.. - the ruose--
elas<-csI Department Returned last n.zAt
Mss Barnett xgert a -1-ri7a x tie ssszn
zaer q Coo-a68 s-5 ;he -est a. sss- horza
q E171-s2
Ses A. Z Eaisey XII - ready -
Ereat ths tstle .sIks G, tss kin5erzarrsa.
~ sse retzrns.s o. Tas-zszT f-e-a =
visss - C1izastus. Chs8
1t-s szsseg. 1ho :akes rnat-og u sha
ar s-zdsa. las Easaes Asr y.cszslSs zzz
z4ssz-&1 Z LAs AZ Esoz-
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1900-09-02

pected to bein study in the conservatory
within the coming two weeks.
Miss Farron called Friday TO arrange
for vocal lessons for herself and guitar
instruction for her sister.
Miss Huse, Mrs. Robbins and Mr.. D.
Parkinson were visitors OF the school this
week, as also was Mr.. Baird Of Topeka.
Miss Sickner is taking a much needed
rest and vis ting friends at Benton.
The mandolin club viii meet for prac-
tice Monday evening, September 3. All
members are urged 10 be present at this
first meeting after the midsummer yacA-
ton.
The program for the Friday afternoon
pupils recital was varied, interesting AID
well attended.
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1900-09-02

q the faculty wno Ter1aise4 ~ sTieaifa
dzx.nz the vacation are zntlc1s ataz =
pleasant resnien with former pu7sls s1d
tae whsle facElty VIII sla9iy welcome
a. csw sc1olzrs
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1900-09-02
Wichita Colleges
Universities and
Academies
PARAMOUNT COLLEGE NOTES.
-0-0-0-0~0O@0o-0O0-0~0-o-0~

PARAMOUNT COLLEGE NOTES.
A great many improvements are being
made at Paramount The new cement
walk from 18th to 18th street has beeen
completed and viii no doubt be much ap-
preciated by the students. The four
new rooms in the college building are
rapidly approaching the finished state.
one OF these is TO be the Domestic
Science laboratory and viii be a model o.
its kind The Ladies Library club are
raising the funds necessary tosthorough-
" equip this interesting laboratory.
Among other Improvements that attract
attention is the painting Of he wood work
of the Paramount church and the reitting
Of the rooms in Rugby hall
During the coming week the entire
faculty Will reassemble on Paramount
President Morrison will return from his
work in the east early in the week. Miss
CIough. who has spent the sumner in
the mountains Of New Hampshire Is ex-
pected 70 arrive on Friday. Professors
Slavery and Kiugsbury VIII also come in
from the east about the same time. Pro-
fessor T. H. Morrison is now in the
mountains OF Colorado but viii be back
for the opening day.
The other members Of the faculty are
already on the hill Professors Bar
low and Gavett spent six weeks ge0lo-
giving IN Colorado; they are now busy
arranging and classifying their plum
DER" which they shipped back from Col
orado IN numerous boxes. Professor Buck
spent a month n Minnesota: he IS now
busy planning the work for his depart
nent in Pedagogy. Professors Rou,et.
Isely and Clark spent the summer at
home; the latter in partnership with his
father bought fine stock farm IN the
southern part OF Sumner county, the
purchase Of the farm Is purely ar invest
mem as tae professor VIII continue 10 dig
out Latin roots and 70 teach young men
and women the elements % this impor-
tant classic
Professor Vapdive-t. who Is 70 teach
the young women how TO cook and sew,
moved 20 the hlu during the past week
n company with her mother she yil
occupy rooms IL the McGinnis home.
siiss Miliis3n. the instructor % Flo
cuuou and Physical Culture. VII have
very large classes This year as me ctsss
work in these courses VII Be free % all
Professor Marshall. ire director Of the
musical department has been OF; Of
town dur5n- d portion o the sumner;
his department xiii - emphasized
throughout the year.
dne Sc u surveying instruments
has oeen ordered f1- the Mathematical
department; also several Instruments
1ave seen imported from Germany Tor
uss IN the zsence galoTzto-ies-
TIE fzI term VII open SEPTEMBER I'm.
\ large F-sshx1az c.asS All enter and
the ather classes wIH - greatly aug
neute1- TIE outlook for TIE corning
year IS vurg promising and = very large
a',eadsG-c IS expected
sICENER CONSERVATORY NOTES
Nr. Lockwood e Anthony vas = caller
u re conservatory tuesday.
sre@ tae Conservatory. writes from
2iss Bleata Mcz}az.el. 3 post graduate
Au-or4. No where she Z fezcalaS
z1stc. tAzt her elass iz - sz-gs It o1c--
pes a. a=- aaa.
Requests for oataIagses ard letters q
----r ss..~grs--r...
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1900-09-02

Wasass xrou. So L-a5ens-ag oszs sas
aeea selsessd - a. she sost e easn-
szsnSazE 9~cr - fae Lsssarrs1sas n
ths Lakes. - - szaAe ~ ~ aezs sEaz-
DAY y re ssE1sszezf - Gezss@4 -.
YEzelsz,
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1900-09-02
WICHITA COMMERCIAL COLLEGE
NOTES

WICHITA COMMERCIAL COLLEGE
NOTES.
Mr.. John Carter of Joplin, No, T.ade
the college q pleasant visit Monday.
] Mr.. Trotter Of the bookkeeping deoart-
ment. went to his home in Sumae- coua-
! ty on account Of his eyes falling I'm
/ The actual business depaI tment and
I the halls have been newly paperei and
it makes a decided improvement.
Miss Lou NJ Stratton. a former e-adu-
ate from the shorthand department, call
| ed a. the college Thursday on her ray
20 E Reno, o. T., where she has been
filing a fine position as stenogravher fer
more than year. She had been Spending
a short vacation az her home in E.tca-
inson. Kan.
Mss Eva Ashley returned 70 school
after several weeks vacation, Monday
She VIII pursue the Bookkeeping cour-e
The outlook for the fail term IS most
encouraging and a large number are ar
ranging to begin the coming xeex.
The big sign on the west side q Tire
building IS a beauty and Is attracting
much attention Il IS 10 feet lang and
is being wired for electric Egn.s b. Mrs.
selman Bros.
Mr.. Thomas A Robins from Neorho.
he. father q President z. II Ros.ns.
Is visiting his sons for few wesss. Re
Is delighted with Wichita and he- r,rople.
M Nieman OF Burton. Kan. refu-red
Saturday 70 complete hiss courre
Mr. Max Johnson Is working Eor the
jackson Coal company.
3ir. McBuraey % E5aEnaa carisd a.
chs college Saturday. He e y frieid az
NT Miracle. who Is about completing the
commercial course-
TIE melon social a. the residence -
President Ro5.ns Friday evening was
largely attended and a u-ost exosifez:
tine was the uuan!ueus decision ~ every
one Present.
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1900-09-02
MUSIC AND pRAmA-
MOREY STOCK COMPANY AT T
CR WEORD

MOREY STOCK COMPANY AT THE
CRAWFORD.
The opening Of the season at the Craw-
ford on Monday night promises to be a
big success at least as far as numbers
so, as the sale indicates a crowded house
The opening bill "A Royal Slave" was
presented by the Morey Stock company
at their engagement last season and was
pronounced one Of the best of their rep
ertoire
The Carrouton. No, Democrat says:
The Morey Stock company opened a
weeks enga cement at the Wilcoxson
theater Monday night. They played TO
an average house. in spite of the in
clement weather. The company is one
Of the best repertoire companies that has
ever visited Carrollton. If their rendition
Of the Royal Slave" is a fair represen-
tation Of what they can do. Besides
having some excellent people in the com
papy, the carry their own special seen
cry. which is new and handsome in the
extreme. The play chosen was the
Royal Slave" beautiful Mexican
drama giving the members OF the COM
pany an excellent opportunity 20 show
their ability. Besides clever acting, the
costumes were beautiful and costly.
They introduced soma specialties be-
tween the acts hich were duly appre-
ciated By the audience. but at the same
time filed in between the acts and did
away with the usual long waits"
Seats are on sale at Howe's jewelry
store and one lady is admitted free on
Monday night with each So-cent ticket
reserved before 6 p. m.
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1900-09-02

4 jury OF ravens would not &c long II d.
eisiing that lnnet eovld nct siaS.
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1900-09-02

The Shaker Concert company viii con
tinue their triumphant career next week
Brooks ard Carr viii present new
sketches and fsrceS. Almond and Muller
viii play new tunes on violin. zy,ophone
bells and their other nusica, instru-
ments. Harry Elmo7e. the female i'm
perso0ater, promises new songs and
DANCES, also new costumes The cid
Shaker VIII give two or three lectures
during the week the subject Of which
VII be announced. Wednesday and SAT-
urday evenings VIII be the red letter
nights, when double bills WI b. rendered
and presents = gold rings. silverware
and other uSefai and valuable articles
wiu be given away,
Republican news item. [volume] (Laport, Pa.) 1896-19??, 1900-09-13
Cool and MethodicaI.

A lawyer who worthily bears dis.
tinguished name occupies an old
fashioned mansion on the edge of New
York City. His sister, who lives " lth
him. tells Il laughable story, whi is
reported in Harpers Round Tai =. H.
lustrating his coolness and , e Of
method.
Recently his siste, tiptoed into his
room some time after midnight. and
told his she thought burglars We're in
the house. The lawyer put up his
dressing gown. and went down stairs.
In the back hall he found rough
locking man trying TO open door that
led into the back yard. The burglar
had unlocked the door. and WAS pull
ing NJ IL with all his might. The law.
yer. seeing the robbers predlcament,
called Ia him:
1T does not open that way, YOU
IDIOT IL slides back
Republican news item. [volume] (Laport, Pa.) 1896-19??, 1900-09-13

of the previous years growth. This
is the time when the orchardist should
receive the tree: yet it Is common pIac
tice to wait until the plant has at
tanned its second or third year. In
any case. the year the trees are finally
set in the orchard, they should he Vel
headed in, cutting TO bud which on
upright varieties will be left Oh the
outside, and on the more struggling
varieties is left on the inside. This
bud is to form the new limb and take
its place with its fellows in forcing
the main branches of the tree. If one
desires higher-headed trees than those
which the nurseryman has to furnish.
he simply needs to take up leader,
starting at the head. ut the desired
point. and removing the lower branch
es. Each year after the trees arr
planted they should be gone over care
fully, and Il limb removed here or
there. the object being to prevent rub
bing of branches and to allow the top
to be free and open. and
Farm.
Republican news item. [volume] (Laport, Pa.) 1896-19??, 1900-09-13
Monument 1.,k. His pcsk.

In the cemetery at Nebraska City
the other day l saw peculiar monu-
ment erected by N. S. Harding, an in.
surance agent of that place, in antici-
patton of a time when he may need
It, A large block Of sandstone, al
least six feet long, four feet high and
three feet thick has been carved by
a competent artist to represent roll.
er-top Office desk standing Open Ly.
ing upon it are bundles of papers neat
ly bound with rubber bands. and ink.
stands with pens and pencils beside it
a sponge cup, bottle of mucilage, {
blotter and other ordinary equipments
such as are found in the Office of ar
insurance agent. The stone affair is &
copy OF the desk that has been uset
by Mr.. Harding in his insurance Office
for many years. Correspondence Chi
cago Record.
Republican news item. [volume] (Laport, Pa.) 1896-19??, 1900-09-13
BEAurY's cRAvEsr FOE,
An Ill Temper Is Sure to Ruin Its Vic
Tins Beauty.

An Ill Temper Is Sure to Ruin Itg Vic.
Tins Beauty.
Bad temper and worry will trace
more wrinkles in one night than hot
and cold bathing and massage and
lotions can wash out in years faith
ful application. Physicians assert
that an immense amount of nerve
force is expended in every fit of bad
temper; that when one little part OF
the nervous system gets wrong the
face first records it. The eyes begin
losing the luster of youth, muscles be.
come flabby, the skin refuses to con.
tract accordingly, and the inevitable
result is wrinkles, femininity's fierc.
est and most insidious foe. There is
no use attempting to reason with o
woman about the evil effects of Ill
temper while she is in an ugly mood
She knows perfectly we'll that it is bad
form; that 1t savors OF the coarse and
underbred; that it is weak, belittline
and immoral, and that it hurts her
cause to lose her temper. But she
does not stop at just that time to
think about it, and to remind her of
the fact only adds fuel to the flames.
But when she is cool and serene and
at peace with all the world, you can
convince her that each fit of temper
adds year to her age by weakening
her mental force and by tracing crow
tracks about her eyes and telltale lines
around her mouth, she will probably
think twice before again forgetting
herself. For no matter what she as
serts to the contrary, woman prizes
youth and beauty above every other
gift the gods hold it in their power to
6estow upon mortals.-Woman's Home
Companion.
Republican news item. [volume] (Laport, Pa.) 1896-19??, 1900-09-13

This is the form In which Il youne
woman advertises In II japanese paper
for husband; 81. the undersigned.
am a pretty girl. with abundant hair.
good figure. ! have money enough Ia
take life easy and To enable me 10
spend my years with some beloved
man who will ever ie mv companion.
and who can admire the flowers with
me by day aud the moon by night
Ii any clever, accomplished. handsome
aud fastdIous gentleman i disposed
To- accept this offer | can assur, him
that ! will Lee true To him for life.
aud that after life II over VIII lie
feady 10 b. buried with him iu one
srayr."-st, James, Gsxette.
Republican news item. [volume] (Laport, Pa.) 1896-19??, 1900-09-13
Great Auk.s Ee~s Sold.

Nature reports that two specimens
Of the egg OF the great aux were sold
At auction at Stevens rooms last week
and realized S15 and 1sO gulneas re-
spectively. The more important of the
TWO Is an unrecorded specimen from a
French collection. 1t is described as
The finest known of special type of
markings. The price obtained estab-
dshes record, 300 guineas having pre-
Vious to this sale been the highest
AMOUNT ever received. About IS eggs
'f the great aux are known to be in
existence.