Evening star., 1900-12-22

lection, breeding develtspment and train
ing have acquired the Speed rate Of a mile
seconds, respectively, With long list Of
performers Of miles faster than 2.1O. The
perfection of a breed OF horses taking each
of five different gaits atoa word from their
riders, which every Kentucky gated sad
dler must do, is another monument to the
agricultural skill of the1 age.
In the diversity Of talents used by hus-
bardmen, those of the chemist plays an i'm
portant role. Evidence of this Is found In
the Wolf-Lehmann and other feeding
standards. By patientng study extending
over a long period Of time and a large
number of animals, tables have been ar
ranged showing the food requirements of
all common domestic animals, in all ordi-
nary conditions of use. The chemical COM
position of feeding stuffs has been accu-
rately determined. The percentages of nu-
Observation-Disclosures fat and carbo-hy-
drates Starch, sugar, fiber, etc)-digested
by animals have been worked out and re-
corded. Numerous tests have been made
to determine the most advantageous
amounts and proportions of these nutrients
for each Of the various purposes for which
animals are kept. These results compiled,
arranged and published give the farmer
information of inestmable value in the
profitable pursuit of his vocation. THESE
studies and Investigations have not only
proved of great advantage in feeding ami
mails, but have resulted at the same. time
in the discovery of principles of human nu-
triton having an important bearing on
mans subsistence.
Veterinary Practice.
Great strides have been made in methods
OF preventing and overcoming animal dis
eases, deserving of far more extended men
ton than it is possible here to make. The
discoveries Of DIR. Koch, resulting in the
preparation Of tuberculin as a diagnostic
for consumption in cattle; the incubation
of cattle rendering them immune from
ci6
all improved breeds; the successful potas-
sium iodide treatment for milk fever, and
a host of other discoveries have marked
the century in veterinary achievements.
The occupation of the drover has passed
away with the advent Of railroad transpor-
tation Of farm animals. While this belongs
to the subject Of commerce, 1t Is Of incalcu
liable Importance to agriculture as we'll A
very large share of the developments of
husbandry may be ascribed to the opening
up of the country by the grand facilities
for transportation that now annihilate
both time and space. Interstate and trans
oceanic traffic in live stock have recently
been greatly improved by mechanical and
scientific efforts, until our cattle travel
with degree Of safety and comfort not
experienced by our human ancestors of
century gone.
DniryfnE Improvements.
1t Is said that among the early town rec
ords of Hadley, Mass, Is entry to the
cHtCl lIldI tiie COWS gave So Nllle AlAlh
through the winter that the babies had to
take cider as substitute. Could the moth
ers Of those babies come to Hadley now
and observe the methods whereby winter
has become the principal dairy season in
the region would they not feel that their
lives were lived too soon?
Contrast the tedious and laborious set
ting of milk in shallow crooks for two days,
then removing the cream with a piece of
perforated tin. allowing it to sour in the
kitchen, acquiring the aroma of boiled din
ners in transit, churning with a dash churn
and kneading by hand with the new process
of converting fresh milk into butter for
breakfast in a minute and half.
Cooperative butter and cheese making
has transferred this work from the kitchen
Of the busy housewife to the factory of the
expert. to the great advantage of the prod
uct and satisfaction of the wearied house
wife
The De Laval and other centrifugal
cream separators are among the triumphs
of dairy mechanics. BY their means cream
of any desired thickness is removed from
milk without even waiting for 1t to cool.
The separation is also much more thorough
than in any of the old gravity methods.
Other dairy machinery has done away al
most entirely with the labor and uncer-
tainty of hand processes.
Pasteurization Of dairy products secures
a keeping quality Of considerable value
without undesirable change or addition of
tVes.
Two milking machines are in successful
operation, doing away with the laborious
hand milking.
Organic Eermcnts.
Perhaps the most interesting achievement
of all is the discovery Of organic ferments,
which ripen or sour cream in buttermak-
ing, and the study of the specific effects of
each of more than a hundred different spe-
cies of these organisms upon the quality
Of butter. A practical side of this study
is found in the present practice of select
ing pure cultures of bacteria for cream
ripening. thus avoiding those forms pro-
ducing bad flavOrs and other undesirable
qualities.
In several large establishments milk is
row being modified by changing the pro-
portions of its constituents to make 1t
closely resemble human milk, and for other
specific purposes in the feeding Of infants
and the sick, and it has even been made
without the Intervention Of the COW.
Farm Machinery.
One of the most signal achievements in
the agriculture of this century is the dis
placement Of so much hand labor by i'm
proved machinery, operated by horse.
steam or other power. The nineteenth CEN
tury in the United States has witnessed