davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1900-08-04
Mutton the Primary CONFEDERATION.

Bulletin g., United States Depart
naent of Agriculture: Notwithstand-
ing this apparent contraction of our
flocks the sheep industry has made
substantial progress. It has been es-
.tablished on a more permanent and
Tasting basis by making mutton the
primary consideration and wool Incl
dental, instead OF the reverse, as has
generally been the case heretofore. On
this basis, sheep raising will return
satisfactory profit enc year with an
other, Independent Of the price Of wool,
or nearly so, as it has been clearly
demonstrated that it does not cost any
more, II even as much, to produce q
pound Of mutton from good mutton
sheep under average farm conditions
than to produce . pound Of beef, when
the wool is left entirely out OF consid
eratien; and the wool always has some
value; it seldom goes SO low that we'll
bred mutton sheep will not yield q
fleece worth from Is cents to LEO.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1900-08-04

The main apparent Rerencs -
tween bests on SUBSIDIZED and IN sub
soiled lands fl An the shape of beetA
The beets on the ground not SUBSIDIZED
are short and III formed and grow
above the ground The chemist tails
us that Tor the best prod uction Of au-
gar the beets must grow well beneath.
the surface OF the soil and be long and
tapering. This form and cond ition.
are shown In the sample from the sub
ssoiled ground. Aside from the diffe.-5
5e7nce In the form OF the beets them.
selves, there IS consid erabls differ
ence n the roofing systems. he
roots of the beets from the subs oiled.
ground, compared with the others,
are found to extend deeper into
the soil and to make more extensive
and greater dbrous growth ii that
portion Of the soil 1oosened BY srb-
soiltng. The irregular form Of the
beets on the ground not subsoileds
causes an irregular root Development;
divided taproots often occur, resulting
in less depth Of root. This study
shows that the sugar beet needs deep,
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1900-08-04

Beets.

The beet is very serviceable plant,
as it can be grown at almost any part
of the growing season. They. can be
put in, early in the spring or late in the
spring or in early summer and still
give good account of the work put on
them. The beet, however, requires 8
gooG seed bed, which in this case
me-ns ground properly fined. The soil,
too, should be fairly compact, or the
beet seed will not easily get. the
amount of moisture it needs for ger.
mination. Thus if the land be left
very loose the air, rather than soil
water, will surround the beet seed, and
it's supply of moisture will be cut off
The seed, too, should be planted neal
the surface or much of it will fail to
terminate. All the chances possible
should be given beet seed, that the
plants may get above the ground al
least as soon as the weeds. If the lat
ter get the start, their eradication be-.
comes somewhat Of a problem. 5fa
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1900-08-04
-
Begonias.


Begonias grow readily from seed,
but as the seed Is extremely small,
very fine light soil should be used in
the seed-boxes or pots. This should
be settled, well watered and allowed
to drain for an hour or more, when
the fine seed should be busted on, the
surface and barely covered from view
with very fine, light soil. Keep the
soil Slightly moist until the young
plants are well started, not allowing it
to become dry or very wet at any
time. AS soon as the young plants are
large enough, set them in small flow
er-pots filed with fine, light soil, re-.
potting them into larger pots as they
increase In size. The bedding varie-
ties may be planted outdoors in rich
soil when the trees are out in full leaf
and nights quite warm, or grown az
pot-plants on the porch. Y. {.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1900-08-04

New Use for Watermelons. a
Georgia farmer is said to- have be.
come the pioneer in a new industry
namely, making syrup out OF water
melons. He cuts the melons ii halves,
scoops out the pulp, runs 1t through q
cider mill, presses out the juice and
then boils the liquid for IL hours over
a hot Are. Out OF 80 melons, worth
s. OF; SO at Wholesale, he gets so gal
Ions Of syrup. and markets the prod
suct at 80 cents per gallon. The refuse
/ is fed to the hogs, cattle and chickens.
and the whole operation is very proflt-
able. - Elk
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1900-08-04
i Perfumes of Flowers. j


ii The perfumes Of flowers are best oh.
tanned by distill ation, but where high
temperature changes the substance the
usual process is enfiuerage, or absorp-
ton with fats. Hitherto experiments
with solvents have required costly ap-
paratus. It Is now claimed. however,
that a new factory at Frejus, France,
is able to use carbon disulphide,
acetone or petroleum ether ID a very
simple apparatus, consisting Of tank
for the solvent, one for the flowers,
and 2 third for the solution, with d
steam worm, conde nsing worm and
pump. The steam heat gently distills
of the solvent, leaving al extract 100
times as strong as the enfluerage po-
made. g
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1900-08-04
Spurious Butter in Massachusett s.

spurious Butter In Massachusetts.
George M. Whitaker, acting execu-
tive officer Of the Dairy Bureau OF
Massachusetts, says: - n
Natural butter has been higher in
price during the past year than for q
number of previous years, which has
been a temptation to crowd the sales
of the spurious article. Further than
that, the number of manufacturers
who have been pushing their goods in
Massachusetts, has increased. When
the national supreme court rendered
its now famous Plum1ey decision, sus-
tanning the constitutionality OF the
anti-color law, the large Chicago
manufacturers withdrew from Massa.
chusetts. They said that, whatever
might be their opinion Of the law,
they could not afford to stand before
the community as. lawbreakers. AS a
result of this decision. all Of the coun-
terfeit butter that came into Massa-
chusetts for several years was made
In Rhode Island, by companies bear
ing the names somewhat peculiar for.
the business In which they were en-.
gagged of Vermont" and "Oakdale.'.
During the past year the greed Of gain.
has led two large Chicago manufactur-
ers to climb sheepishly down from the
pedestal Of virtue on which they, had:
been posing, and enter the scramb Bic,
for dollars by de tying the laws 81 the
commonwealth. These large manufac-
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1900-08-04
Thinning Stone Fruits.

Experiments in thinning apricots,
plums and peaches have been in prog
ress three seasons. With these fruits
as with apples the effect OF thinning is
not always as pronounced the follow
ing year as had been expected. In
some cases there appeared to be real
permanent advantage and an increased
yield in succeeding seasons, and again
the effect, If any, on the crop OF the
following year, was in some cases OBJ
scured by causes not understood and
no advantage from the previous years.
thinning of the fruit could be seen. In
some cases trees which were heavily
loaded and not thinned gave even
greater yields the following season
than were obtained from correspond
ing trees on which the fruit had been
severely thinned. .. III
Early and severe thinning in gen.
eral increased the percentage of the
higher, grades Of fruit Where the
fruit grower can obtain correspondence
ly better prices for fancy fruit the
thinning may doubtless be made prof
liable with selected varieties OF peach
es and apricots and in some cases with
plums also. Chemical analyses OF
fruits which were picked at different
stages were made in the chemical de-
partment which showed that the
amount of potash in the fruit Of one
variety of peach increased 1913 per cent
from June "a to July 81. The nitrogen
increased 240 per cent and the phos-
phoric acid 327 per cent in the same
period. The amount of potash in the
fruit Of q certain variety Of plum in
creased in the. same period 296 per
cent, the nitrogen 222 per cent and the
5phosphoric acid 1876 per cent. This in
Edicates how rapidly the fruits take up
plant food in the very early stages Of
their growth and emphasizes the i'm
portance Of doing the thinning very
early in the season. New York Exper-
mental Station. .5. IS. "a 5s5 81 .
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1900-08-04
4. m, Ose4ss....s'I ~ - =
MNN sx9os 1 1'.,.1: 7..1. II; I.
+ Sys7sAs 81 ~ sfAsi11

we'll 1oosened soil, not only that It may
have room to grow and expand, but al
SO that the roots may properly develop
and secure the necessary plant food.
By actual count III per cent Of the
beets from the ground not subsoiled
were classed as i'll formed, while only
40 per cent were so classed from the
subsoiled plot. The total yield was
about the same from each plot.
Well TILED Soil for Roots.
When root crops are to be planted
the soil should be well prepared be-
condition where the root can. de-
velop. : When only the top of the soil
is loosened the roots tend to send out
innumerable feeders, and these feeders
re of no value to the crop after it is
harvested. In other words, the con-
ditions should be favorable to the de-
velopment of the main root and not
of supplementary roots. On sandy
soil deep blowing is not Of great con-
sequence, as the root will GO
down through such soil any.
way. But on heavy soils or
where there is hard pan near the
surface the blowing Will need to be
deep if roots are to be grown. 1t pays.
better to subson for root crops than
for almost any other crops, and where
large quantities of roots are to be.
grown 1t will pay to get the imple-
ments needed to give the land proper
preparation. ~ :.,.. - +
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1900-08-04
About BirdA.


A contributor to Popular Science
writes that year after year discarded
tin teapot hanging on a back porch of
house is occupied as nest by wrens,
who seem wholly Indifferent to the
constant movements of the family
about the spot.
Another odd nesting place men
toned Is half cocoanut shell in a
poplar tree in st. Paul. MINI. The
lining was of white cotton string, and
the nest was the home Of robin
family. A less discreet robin built his
nest on the top of 2x4 rafter lean
ing against the side of house. The
family cat watched the nest with deep
interest, and when the eggs were
Matched and the young birds about to
fly appropriated the entire brood with
a relish.
Every lover of birds has wondered
why they change their colors.. Even
ornithologists are unable to answer
the questions why the tanager is scar
let in summer, and green in winter. or
why the bobolink is black and white
J in summer and buff in winter. The
Well-known fact that the brilliant
orange color of some canaries can be
artif1cially produced by adding red
pepper to the diet may furnish a hint
that the different foods procurable in
the different seasons may be respon-
sible for the change =
The feathers already covering the
bird are not affected by the diet, but
when molting occurs the new plumage
comes in with new tinting.
In the case of the snow bunting,
whose color is brownish buff in win
ter and black and white in summer,
the change is said to be due to the
abrasion of the terminal parts of the
feathers, which are differently colored
from the bases and much more brittle.
A birds body feathers, says the writer
in Popular Science, are arranged like
shingles on a roof, only the terminals
being visible. AS they give the color
effect, it follows that, since the base
Of the plumage is differently colored,
when the ends are rubbed off the en-
tire tinting seems changed.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1900-08-04

ssisphie Rsport 81 W ii Roun dur,
institute. On '1
b IA, Arnold spoke "a corn
growing Corn Is king of all the
Srasses The natural area for corn
growing II the United States II limited.
y may be that IN the next generation
he price Of corn Will Be as highsas is
the price Of wheat now. No plant can
set q good start unless the seed has a,
good stock Of vitality. Therefore we
must y have good seed corn, This is es-
sentially the case In the northern part
q Wisconsin, where the winters are
early and cold. One Of the best ways
20 get good seed corn Is to take the
best ears and break them Ii two to
see that the kernels arc long. After a
plant has been cclinnated It will do
Better, than plant that has not been
aeclimated. Corn must be dried
through. ~ have noticed by picking
The corn early, when it is just dented,
It comes up better than any other kind
of corn. II you do not get a start the
first time OF seeding you are not likely
20 get a good crop. have never
known "a good crop when it was not
from the first seeding e..
81 Nearly everything depends on the
preparation Of the soil. Soil should be
plowed from five to seven inches deep,
depending on the compactness of the
soil. The ideal place to plant corn is
On clover sod Corn wants a warm
soil and a warm atmosphere. Timothy
sod should be plowed only in, the fall.
Spring blowing Of timothy sod is very
dangerous on account Of the cut
worms. All cultivation should be done
before seed is put into the ground.
All that is done afterwards should be
to keep down the weeds and conserve
moisture. This is not cultivation
properly so-called. ~ j.. ..%.31..,>.
Shallow cultivation is OF great impor-
lance for the reason that it keeps the
fertility in the soil. Natures covering
has been taken away, and in its place
you must put on something to serve as
a mulch. T. ....#let5 J. -.
:" The cheapest way to harvest corn is
to put 1t in the silo. 1t can be done
for SO cents a ton. -
? Q.-Can you pillow timothy early in
the fall and not have trouble with cut
worms? -
Mr.. Arnold.-Yes, sir; but you will
lose fertility by early blowing. l.
Mr.. lBriggs.-You can put in oats or
rye or turnips. =
Q.-Would you keep the meadows
down till they are filled with cut
worms? 49,. ~-. "%
Mr.. Arnold.-No, sir. i. 'rA
Q.-What effect on corn does deep
cultivation have? 4 Z
Mr.. Arnold.-It will make the corn
mature LATER You can make it two
weeks later by deep cultivation, cult
walton say five or six inches deep.
Q.-What do you call shallow. cult
walton? 1sS T. ~. .~'5 81 r.. l
Mr.. Arnold.-Two inches or above. I
Mr.. McKerrow.- AT the station they
call shallow cultivation everything
above three inches, and everything be-
lew that deep cultivation. !.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1900-08-04
Discussion ON Plum Culture.

% Discussion ON Plum Culture. =
: Condensed from Farmers Review STEM
ographic Report Of Wisconsin Roundup
1nsdtute-) ~ + - $751;
Prof Golf spoke on plum culture for
Wisconsin In part he said that
peach, pear and ounce culture in the
state had been demonstrated to be
fmDracticable~ The apple, cherry and
European plum have also not been
very successfully grown in Wisconsin.
The. Japanese plums have proved not
sufficiently hardy for the climate.
With the native plum it is different, as
It can be grown successfully in all
parts of the state. Prominent varie-
ties are Wyant, Forest Garden, Quaker,
Ocheeda, Aitken, Cheney, Surprise,
North Star, Hammer, Pollingstone, De
Soto, Piper, Barnshack. Even these
plums can't be grown without taking
care of the trees throughout their life.
IA man should not set out plum trees
unless he expects to give them as
much care as he does his potato crop.
All OF these plums are attacked by the
,curculio. You can't prevent the cur
culio coming and you can't master it,
but you can keep 1t down as much as
you do potato bugs. It has to be look
ed after every day for three weeks,
and should be, Jared into cloth-cov-
ered frame. .;s,..& r.
Q.-How far apart should the trees
in plum orchard be planted?
b Prof Goff-Several years ago we
planted II feet apart, but we have
found that too close. would not plant
them closer than 20 feet apart. They
should be set so far apart that. the
branches will never touch each other.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1900-08-04
Cause Of Black snow

The little insects known as .gla ciar
Edeas'' have been found to BE the cansa
of the color OF q recent singular All
Eof lack snow, ct lding, Austria.
EIt sis supposed that these insects wera
carried from the. Alpine glaciers 81, 3
EFIo1ent snow storm.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1900-08-04

Run of the Farm II always let my
fowls out as soon IS possible. S. have
never been able to make them do
we'll when confined think this is the
experience of those that do not make.
poultry raising q usiness for in that
case The fowls do not receive the care
and ttention they need a. Wood,
Lake County Ohio.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1900-08-04

Dispepsy 4 the father ov III nate
yoore and morbid rel IN. The stun
mick Is more powerful than the sole,
/ fizickally speakln
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1900-08-04
Starting Hair.

81 BY rubbing bald spots daily with 4
80 per cent Tactic acid solution until
the skin has become indamed, then
emitting for 2 few days and contin-
uing when the inflammation has dis
appeared, Balzer, 9 German, claims to
have started a new growth Of hair
within three weeks. .5..sz=
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1900-08-04

formerly produced great quantities 81
potato balls This factor 4 must q be
counted on S. develop any breed of
fowls AZ q certain direction sway from
that sc reproduc elton.
S $StsS . s$s
S.: The man that breeds fowls year
after year with the idea Of selecting
the best for future use as breeders
must have In his minds eye a stand
ard. Il he is breeding for flesh, he
can form his opinions by the eye and
by the weight Of the birds as deter
mined by the scales. But il he is
breeding for eggs, it would be good
idea to shut his eyes as to the form
and symmetry and keep close watch
Of the egg returns and their source.
The fact is that breeding for eggs will
generally be away from the symme-
try Of form seen in the fesh-prod ucing
fowl, and the breeding for weight will
mean a decreased number Of eggs
each year, or, at least, each genera
ton. Z; % ..fS.ss :. :. Nj
IS Barred Plymouth Rocks.-I breed
barred Plymouth Rocks exclusively.
! think. they are the best all-purpose
fowls we have, but they are also the
hardest to breed to perfection Of any
we have. This, however, lends a
charm to the business. They are the
most sought after by the fancier and
the market breeder.-E j. Gilbert,
Whiteside County, Illinois. 81,
Know Your Hens.-Most men keep
some Of their old hens over the secon1
winter, and it is frequently the case
that some of them are non-layers or
practically SO. When hen is laying,
man can tell it by comb and other
indications. 1t is not difficult matter
to mark the hens that seem to be lay
ing well this year and keep only those
for next years operations.
4 ..t
The "shank" is the lower and scaly
joint of the leg.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1900-08-04

"a good test o. housekeeping Is the
qnality Of the coffee.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1900-08-04

The cultivated orchard stands
drouth Tar better than the neglected
one.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1900-08-04

Nearly 20, 600 tons Of cork are CON
sumed BY the bottlers Of aerated vat
ers. beers, etc. u England every
year.
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1900-08-04
] b RIM AIN g a Il b EN.
MATTERS OF INTEREST TO
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.
Uome Up Date Hints About Il Gull
!. Z tivation sof the Son and Yields
:Thereof Tor tieult ure, vitlcult urs and
s# F1oricultur Isl s5S5 aS
HORTICULTURAL observe tons.

0s4a
ssss a fruit "a vegetable growers as
I ISOLATION has been formed in Della
s ware. It starts out with the intention
sDf having fruit put on the market in a
sScondi tfon that will make the people
trust 1t on appearance. On each pack
age Of fruit will be the legend, THE
contents Of this package are guaran-
Iced to be as good all through as on
top" II this is carried out 1t will
force reforms by other growers, and
the trade in fruit will be stimulated
Dishonest packing is today largely re-
Eponsible for the small sales OF fruit in
certain great markets compared with
what they might be. EST, f55::s
It Is predicted that pineapp1es will
be very scarce this year. The annual
crop is said to be about $4,000, 900 APP
pies, and to come largely from Cuba
and partly from Florida The Florida
crop has been cut short BY the frost,
and the crop in Cuba is small owing
to the unsettled conditions there. Cuba
is especially adapted to the growing
Of this kind of fruit and we may ex-
pect to see the industry develop as
greatly as has the trade in bananas.
The time must come, however, when
the fruit will retail at q price far be-
low that Of the present time If the
trade is to develop, AS will be seen
the. SO, 000.0 900 pfneapples used in this
country each year do not give one to
each inhabftant. - -. 5-5'
Reports of success and non-success
with spraying are common. The re.
ports Of success, however, far outnum-
Der the reports of non-success. But
they do not by any means convince
the ones that claim to have tried
spraying and found it not successful
The non-success Of spraying is de-
pendent on good many things. It is
like failure with some medicines or
may be excellent for use in the treat
ment Of certain kind of disease, and
yet It will fail in numerous cases. Does
1t therefore follow that the medicine
must be abandoned? The same is true
with spraying. Everything depends on
the conditions, The man that has q
few trees that he sprays situated with
in short distance Of numerous other
trees that are not sprayed will have
hard work to score a success. The cod
ling moth at least may visit him even
If he gets rid of the apple scab fungus.
And here comes in a new phase. A
man may stop the apple scab fungus
from spreading in his orchard and
never know it. He may later receive a.
visitation OF codIng moth from his
netghbur's orchard and therefore de-
clare spraying a failure. It Is safe to
spray. S8.& BlE S}.s5 ri
The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1900-08-04
Poultry Notes.
/ Dairy Notes.

The cheapest food for poultry is not
always the best. In fact on the ordi-
nary American farm it is seldom the
best. We remember one farmer that
purchased. a sitting Of Buff Cochin
eggs. He put them under a hen and in
due time got two chicks from them,
one a male and the other female
chick The birds grew rapidly, though
their only feed was corn. In due time
the hen began to lay or tried to lay.
She was SO fat. that the, attempt to
pass the first egg killed her. Without
doubt il she had been fed on q nitro
genous ration all would have been
well. The farmer that had that ex-
perience did not again try toiraise Bun
$sCochins, as he believed the death OF
the hen was due to her breed rather
than her feed.
Duck growers are inclined to be-
I lieve that develo ping a breed Of ducks
till the size Is greatly increased de-
stroys to 9 certain extent the vitality
sof the breed In the way OF prod ucingg
hatehable eggs. They cite as al IL
%lustration the Pekin ducks. which
have been bred for size II this coun-
try till they are nearly SO per cent
heavier than formerly. The fertility
Of the eggs was formerly very great.
but this fertility has been correspond
ingly reduced. It is probably the case
with all animal life, as we know zit to
be with plant lite. The more we do
@velop the plant the less Is tt able to
reproduce itself from the seed This
issseen Il plants IS the potato, whfch