davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Martinsburg herald. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1881-1920, 1900-07-07
TAcoMA's TROLLEY FATALITY.
Car Plunged Into q Chasm. Killing
35 md FntnIly Iniurimg ~.


Tacoma, Wash, July 4-Thirty-fiye
men, women and children were killed
and 80 we're injured-22 fatally-in
the wreclIing of a trolley on the out
skirts of Tacoma yesterday. Happy
excursionists-104 of them-boarded a
trolley car at Edison, suburb, at $3.50
O'Clock. They were en- route to this
city to view the civic parade. Where
the tracks turn from Delin street the
car suddenly lurched and left the rails.
The motorman was powerless to check
its speed. A gulch yawned 120 feet
below Only a slight rail Of wood ran
along the edge of the precipice. This
was shattered like a reed and the pas
-Sengers borne to certain death.
Half way down the side of the gulch
projecting rocks stopped the car for a
moment. Such was the force of the
impact that its timbers were wrenched
apart and those inside were crushed
into mass of flesh and blood. When
the car struck the bottom of the gulch
only those in the center of the car were
alive
Many pedestrians had witnessed the
disaster and rushed to telephones. Soon
dozens of physicians were on the scene.
Police and tiremen removed the wreck
age as rapidly as possible, and carried
the injured to temporary hospitals in
nearby residences. The dead were
placed on the bluff until removed by
friends. The bodies of the dead were
shockingly mangled Among the dead
are ten little children.
Martinsburg herald. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1881-1920, 1900-07-07
Victims 81 the H.boisen Horror.

Jersey City, July 5.-Two more
bodies, apparently firemen Of the ILL
fated German Lloyd steamers. were
picked up in the bay near the narrows
yesterday Up to noon 10 bodies had
been taken from the river yesterday.
This makes the total recovered 126,
while there are over 125 still missing.
Gustav H. Schwab, agent at this port
of the North German Lloyd, received
cablegram yesterday from the head
Office in Bremen announcing that the
families Of the officers and crews who
persisted in the catastrophe will re-
ceive special pensions aside from those
to which they are entitled according
TO the regulations Of the seamen's fund
OF the North German Lloyd.
Martinsburg herald. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1881-1920, 1900-07-07
The Boer war.

General Botha is active. His patrols
cover wide stretches Of country, approach
near the British outpests and engage in
skirmishes, while larger bodies threaten
70 attack, declining to allow themselves
% be caught by the return blows which
the British promptly seek 70 deliver. lxf-
tacks Of this sort were made on Friday
last at Pinaar's Poort on General Pole
Carew and at Springs. Generals Botha
and De Wet are seemingly operating in
combination. Botha is reported to have
divided his force into two parts, one
moving west and the other to the south
to try to effect junction with DE Wet
Martinsburg herald. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1881-1920, 1900-07-07
Tbirtv-ave killed In Tacoma.

Thirty-hye men, women and children
were killed and Is were injured, nine
probably fatally, in the wrecSing of a
trolley car on the outskirts of Tacoma ON
Wednesday. One hundred and four ex-
cursionists boarded a trolley car at Edi-
son, a suburb. at $50 O'Clock. They We're
en- route to Tacoma to view the civic pa
rade The car bowled along at good
speed. Where the tracks turned from
Delin street the car suddenly lurched
and left the rails. The motorman was
powerless to check its speed. A gulch 12O
feet deep yawned below. Only a slight
rail of wood ran along the edge of the
precipice. This was shattered like a reed.
Frantic screams filled the air as the panic
stricken passengers We're borne to certain
death. Half way down the side of the
gulch projecting rocks stopped the ear fol
a moment. Such was the force of the inn
pact that its timbers We're wrenched
apart. and those inside We're crushed into
n mass of flesh and blood. When the cal
struck the bottom of the guleh, only those
in the center Of the car were alive. The
bodies Of the dead We're shocSingly man.
-,IaI
Martinsburg herald. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1881-1920, 1900-07-07
FOIRTHS FATALITIES.
Three Terrible Accidents Will Re-
suit in Seventy Deaths.
FIREWORKS, TROLLEY AND OIL.

An Philadelphia Seven Little Children
ed-ExpIodinE oil Kills six in West
NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS. TroIIey's Tragedy
Philadelphia, July 5.--Seven chill
,dren were killed and 20 other children
and one woman more or less seriously
injured yesterday by a terrific eXplo-
sion of fireworks on a street mer-
chants stand at Eighth and Catharine
streets, which is in the most thickly
settled part of the foreign quarter
known as Little Italy" The dead are
Carmela Di Jenna, Jennie Di Jenna,
Antonio Di Jenna, Charles Feruzzi,
Nicholas Buseiacco, Frank Naccitro
and Salvatore Vacco. The dead chill
dren's ages ranged between s and
13 years. All of the injured will re-
cover.
The explosion was caused by 13-
year-old colored boy, Isaiah Harris,
firing a blank cartridge at close range
into a pile of dynamite torpedoes.
which were ON sale at the stand. he
fireworks were owned by the mother
of the Di Jenna children, who secured
them as payment for a debt from the
relatives of her brother-in-law. The
latter was killed. along with three
other persons, about two weeks ago
while engaged in manufacturing fire.
works a short distance from the scene
of yesterdays tragedy. Mrs Di Jenna
put the stuff on sale yesterday, and
placed her 13-year-old daughter, Car
mela, in charge of the stand. There
was a large crowd of children around
the place when the colored boy fired
the pistol. The instant he pulled the
trigger the dynamite torpedoes began
to explode and everything on the stand
was ignited
Confusion reigned and no one ven
tured near the place until the explo-
sions were over. When the smoke had
risen an awful sight was presented to
the spectators. About 20 of the chill
dren were lying on the sidewalk and in
the street writing in agony with their
clothes on fire. Others were running
about screaming for help, while num-
Der were unconscious. AS quickly as
possible wagons and trolley cars were
pressed into service and all the dead
and injured were taken to the Penn
sylvania hospital. Carmela Di Jenna
was killed instantly and the other six
died either in the hospital or on the
way there
Mrs. Di Jenna was arrested for hav-
ing the dangerous explosives on sale,
, while three other persons were also
taken into custody in connection with
the tragedy. The colored boy, who was
severely burned, is under police sur
veillance in the hospital.
Martinsburg herald. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1881-1920, 1900-07-07
EXPLODING or KILLS SIX.
The Fatality That Opened Independ-
ence Day in ParkerSburg.

Parkersburg, w. Va, July 5.-The
most horrible calamity that this city
ever witnessed occurred yesterday
morning at 1920 o'clock, in which five
men were blown to atoms, one other SO
badly injured that he soon died, an
other fatally injured. and more than SO
persons more or less seriously injured.
The yards of the Ohio River railroad
lare spotted with pieces of torn flesh
hand sprayed with blood
The dead: j. H. Hamilton, general
superintendent of the Ohio River rail-
road; E. Lalime, master mechanic;
Charles Mohler, yardmaster; G.. O.
Shannon known as Dick" extra
train dispatcher; Bradley Reeves.
freight brakeman; George Chalk, fire
man. Jim Ruth, another fireman, vii
die.
A tank car containing 5000 gallons
of oil was on the yard track for ship
ment. Engine No. 26, with VIII Carr
as engineer and George Hupp as fire.
man, was palling a train of fast freight
Martinsburg herald. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1881-1920, 1900-07-07
british Casualties In Africa

The war office has issued return OF
the British casualties in South Africa
since the beginning of the war. The to-
tai losses, exclusive of sick and wound
ed, have been %, 7O6. of which the killed
in action were POI officers and 2,403 non
commissioned officers and men; died of
wounds, 20 officers and 60 noncommis-
stoned officers and men; missing and pris-
oners. 65 officers and 1924 noncommis-
stoned officers and men; died of disease,
1873 officers and 4,204 noncommissioned
officers and men; invalided home, S44 Of
ficers and 1S430 noncommissioned Off
GERS and men
Martinsburg herald. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1881-1920, 1900-07-07
victory For Pennsylvania.

The university race at Poughkeepsie,
n Y, turned out to be one of the most
sensational ever rowed on the Hudson
river. Pennsylvania crew, which was
picked as the winner by rowing experts,
came up to, expectations, but the Quakers
were compelled TO row out every foot of
the way in order to defeat the University
of Wisconsin eight, which was but three.
quarters of length behind at the finish.
Cornell kept right up with the leaders
until after passing the bridge, when the
Ithacans were completely played out and
dropped back so rapidly that they were
nearly overhauled at the finish by Column
bia, who had been last more than half of
the way and had been compelled to row
with every pound of strength in order to
finish ahead of Georgetown. The victory
was one of Drawn, weight and rowing
skill. Pennsylvania lasted better than
Wisconsin, while Cornell could not stand
the pace set by these two leaders. The
time for the four miles was 19m. Al 3-5s.
Martinsburg herald. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1881-1920, 1900-07-07
Admiral PhiIip Dead.

Rear Admiral John Woodward Philip,
commandant Of the Brooklyn navy yard,
one of the best known, best liked and
most respected officers in the United
States navy, died at 3:15 O'Clock Satur-
day afternoon In his home in the navy
yard Of heart disease. His wife, one Of
his sous his sister and his nephew We're
within call when he breathed his last,
but the end came so suddenly that the
nurse who alone was at his bedside at
that moment had not time to call them
before all was over
Martinsburg herald. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1881-1920, 1900-07-07
De GaIIinet Resigns.

General the Marquis de Galliffet,
French minister Of war, has resigned
giving i'll health as the reason for his re-
tirement. His successor is General An
DIRE. General Andre Is 60 years old. He
is an excellent type of the well educated
French soldier, distinguished by physical
yigor and cool energy. as well as for in
tellectual quality.
Martinsburg herald. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1881-1920, 1900-07-07

oh. star spanaied banner the Gag Of the free,
invncihle ever, our homnge TO thcei
From storms that may beat, from wrong and do
cay.
Wen guard and defend and protect thee Away.
Fling out 70 the breeze its glad red, white and
blue:
Our love and devotion we pledge thee anew.
Float proudly oh, bannor thy glories expand,
Alamo on the sea aud ablaze on The landi
The heroes who fought and the heroes who fell
The flag II floats Of their falor shall tell,
And long in the sky its bright colars we'll see.
The flag Of the Union the brave and the free.
Thou God Of our fathers This banner shall shine
Where battles are waged In warfare divineI
Float ever above US. in peace or in wars
Oh. banner Of glory, the stripes and the starsi
Washington Post
Martinsburg herald. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1881-1920, 1900-07-07
Rich strike mt Topokuk, Alaska.

More complete and definite returns
have been received concerning the rich
strike at Topokuk. 80 miles below Cape
Nome. There seems no reason to doubt
that this is ono of the greatest strikes
ever made in this vicinity, as important
as the strike at Nome before. Though
the discovery at Topokuk is of compara-
lively recent date, many have struck it
rich already, and several individual for
tunes running as high as $4,000 have
been taken out.
Martinsburg herald. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1881-1920, 1900-07-07

At Chicago-First game. Chicago,
10; Philadelphia, a. Second game az
innings): Chicago, S; Philadelphia, A.
At Pittsburg--First game Pittsburg
s; Boston, g. Second game: Pitts
burg, 8; Boston, l. AT Cincinnati
First game: Cincinnati, 8; New York
/. Second game: New York, 6; Gin
cinnati. 8. At ST. Louis-First game:
Brooklyn, 8; ST. Louis, s, Second
game st. Louis, 8; Brooklyn, 0.
Martinsburg herald. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1881-1920, 1900-07-07

he ate with hurry and frantic haste,
For never a minute had he 10 waste;
Then our again To the fray he sprang
And turned things loose with mighty 'shangi"
lie fired and splnttered and Doomed and crashed,
While dishes ratified and windows smashed
And wheu, all efimY and sore and lame
Torn and tousled. 70 lunch he came,
on his swollen lips was the joyous cry,
"Ain't | glad it's the Fourth Of Julyl"
All that day, tn the twiight's close.
The powder smoke from the garden rose;
All day long IN the heat and dust
Little Adelbert banged" and bust"
Till just hs the shadows began TO creep.
He blow himself 10 senseleas heap.
Burned and bisttred and mnus halr.
They brought him ID for the doctors care.
But late that night he was heard 70 sigh.
81 wish every day was the Fourth OF Julyi"
doe Lincoln IN L. A. W Bulletin.
Martinsburg herald. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1881-1920, 1900-07-07

Wilmington, Del, July By the
capsizing of sailboat in the Delaware
river during squall late yesterday af-
ternoon Robert Elliott, aged IL years,
and Charles Speldel, aged 10. were
drowned Nine Of their companions
chung to the upturned boat until res
cued by passing launch.
Martinsburg herald. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1881-1920, 1900-07-07
Benefit For All Concerned.

Porto Rico has been importing ST.
100000 worth of cotton goods every
year, but only $4,000 worth from the
United States. The new conditions
viii now give us this trade and so ben
eht our cotton growers and manufae-
turers and incidentally our whole popu-
lation.
Martinsburg herald. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1881-1920, 1900-07-07
Answer Nonei

over 60 silk mills were established In
the country last year. How many
would have been established if the Re-
publican candidate for president had
been defeated Springfield {Mass.) I'm
Ion.
Martinsburg herald. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1881-1920, 1900-07-07

Little Adelhert arose at tear
And erent down stairs 20 the hlg front door
And down the walk 70 The garden gate.
And there he started to celebrate.
With bursting cracker and rearing gun
He wakenea the neigbbors. evary enc.
lie scared the cat out of oil her sense
And blew the Stats OF The picket tencc
And came 10 breakfast with orr black eve
And said. 'sueeray Tor the Fourth Of lnlyl"
Martinsburg herald. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1881-1920, 1900-07-07
The Property Loss.

The property loss will fall not far short
Of S10,00Q00O,N and this estimate is as
conservative as the estimate Of the loss
Of life Not until the adjusters get to
work and figure out the cost Of replacing
what has been lost can the value Of the
food fed to the flames be reckoned with
exactitude
The Saale, with her horrible sepulcher
below decks, is total loss. Her warped
aud blackened hull is all that is left Of
her The Main. the great freighter Of
the line, is In a plight almost as bad as
her sister ship, and the Bremen is dam
aged to the extent Of 100000 All this
is outside Of cargo and stores.
The docks Of the North German Lloyd
company are no longer docks. They
have been wiped out Of existence COM
pletely. The piers that formed their
boundaries are forest Of charred spiles
and bent and twisted iron. Every pound
of freight on the piers was destroyed.
In the place Of the long wharf Of the
Thingyalla line there is nothing now but
an expanse OF water and a few charcoal
topped spiles.
The loss of Palmer Campbell's ware
house, within the Enclosure occupied by
the steamship companies, would have
been matter of moment under other
circumstances. Its destruction on Satur-
day night, involving a loss of 100000,
was only an incident when score of
men were struggling in the waters Of the
Hudson and shrieking for aid from be-
meath the burning piers.
Martinsburg herald. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1881-1920, 1900-07-07
TWO HUNDRED DEAD.
TERRIBLE FIRE ON AoRoKsN WATER
FRONT.

Three North German Lloyd Liners
Burned-nenth List VIII Probably
Never lie Compfetcd-The Property
Damage May Exceed Ten Millions.
Martinsburg herald. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1881-1920, 1900-07-07

win The old
political
nhaven
Donnely Cincinnati
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1900-09-18
LIVERPOOL COTTON.

Liverpool, Sept. 1.-THE cotton
market advanced today on strong
New York adsices, but quoted later
on disappointing spot sales and heay-
Ter tenders.
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1900-09-18
rHs NEWS AND oBsKRVEn TUrsOAY MORNING. SEPT IS 1900

| feet of the shutting down of the coal
mines. Uneasiness was less acute
over the money market and more ac-
count was taken of the fact that last
weeks outward movement of curren-
CIV was abnormal by reason of the
large relief funds transferred to
Texas. Greater confidence was felt
in the ability of the money market to
meet the requirements of the German
loan subscription and more attention
is paid to the larger view of the OPP
Grafton as an indication of the grow
ing power and Importance of the coun-
try's financial position. The export
movement of merchandise continues
heavy, thus constantly making eN-
change to meet the obligations in
Cured to meet the subscription to
the loan La~~" floating loans are
coming due in the Berlin market to
American lenders and will be available
| by bookkeeping operation to pay IN
| stallments on the loan. The fear is
expressed in London that the Ameri-
can subscribers may pay the German
Government by orders for gold on
London. the supply Of sterling eX-
change i'm New York being large
enough it is believed to allow such an
operation This possibility was a de-
pressing factor in the London market
as Berlin would not be expected to be
SO lenient as America has been, ow-
| ing to the high money rate in Berlin
| From any standpoint. America being
the creditor in the operation you'd
exercise large control of the situation
| The possible line in which relief would
be sought is indicated by last week S
resale Of the certificates for British
excheauer bonds to London, which
was made by some of the American
subscribers and which helped to frus-
! trate the plan of the underwriting
syndicate to ship gold to London.
The bond market continued irregu-
lar. Total sales ,nar value) SS30,000
United States refunding 2's when
issued), the old As and IS advanced
IA and new rs 12 per cent in the bid
price.
f. The total sales Of stocks today were
252 900 shares, including the fonow-
ing: Chicago, Burlington and Quincy
1925: Atchison 9,405; Atchison pre-
ferred 13.172; Baltimore and Ohio 49,
800: Missouri Pacific 1850; Northern
Pacific 1880; Philadelphia and Read
ing first preferred S,040: Chicago,
Milwaukee and st. Paul HIS; South
ern Pacific 7,140; Union Pacific "a
40: American Tobacco 1870; Brook
lvn Rapid Transit 1927; Federal
Steel 5.2S5; Peoples uas Light and
Coke Company 10160: American Su-
gar 24,395; United States Rubber
500.
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1900-09-18
STOCKS AND BONDS.

New York, Sept. 17.-9The expected
break in prices of stocks failed to oc-
cur today. There were very consid
cradle selling orders in the market
at the opening as never fails to hap
pen after such Il break in prices as
that of Saturday, but the friends OF
the various stocks had placed support
ing orders in the market and their
buying was sufficient to absorb the Of
fcrings. The professional traders,
who had sold short ON Saturday were
not slow to detect the evidences Of
support. and they FASTENED to cover
and take their profits. Buying from
this source was a material factor IN
the recovery.
Seeing the tendency of things, the
bull leaders who had to retreat last
week attempted to retrieve their lost
ground by biduing up prices. The
pressure to sell at the advance stop
ped this movement however, and the
market fell back into its recent condi-
ton of lethargy and downward drift
ing. Prices in practically all lmpor-
tam stocks were very near to Satur-
DAYS level at the close, which was
dull and easy. Among the profess
sional traders. who stiH control a
large proportion of the operations,
am important influence was cNerted by
the bullish opinions expressed by
James Il. Keene in an interview in
London. Mr. keene's views were the
more influential inasmuch rs Satur-
days gossip on the stock exchange
had attributed a selling order of l5,-
900 shares of various stocks to his ac-
count The smaller traders who fol-
lowed this lead had nothing to do but
to cover their short contracts this
morning. The relative firmness of the
coal CARRYING railroad stocks, even
before the general uptnrn. and the
positive strength developed later .serv-
ed to detract somewhat from the eff
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1900-09-18
NORFOLK PEANUT MARKET.

NORFOLK, Va, Sept. 17.-Peanuts steady; uew
fancy, 2% (; strictly pr lme, ~ prime, 2%02A
I<1?.; Sran tsh, SOC per bushel
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1900-09-18
BALTIMORE PROVISIONS.

BALTfMoRE September I7-Flour dull west
family $5.3OQ12 s.; do. super $2 40Q1250; do.
extra e. 6Oa300; winter wheat patents $375014 00;
spring patents S4.0004.25; do straghtS S380b4.0O.
Wheat unsettled ana firmer; No. red =; spot
741405i%; September 74Aa74ss; october 75a;5b
December 7eG1781s steamer no. 2 red -; South
e.u wheat by sample, 70Q7j; on grade =.
Corn easier; mixed and spot, I5A0I6; Sep
TENDER 4446la5; October 4a14G145M; November or
d December, new old, 4Uh040A; January 4014
@i0$ mixed steam -; Southern white corn 40
GD4p.
ed 2th0g25.
Rye hrmer; No. 2, nearby, so; No 2 western
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1900-09-18

HOOPS PILLS cure Liver Ills, BII-
lousness, Indigestion, headache.
Easy to take, easy to operate. 24er
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1900-09-18
NEW YORK.
NEW YORK. sept l7.-cottOn futures opened
weak
LIVERPOOL

Spot cotton closed steadA at &c advBnce; mid
ding nplands 10% niddling gulf ll1s; sales p
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1900-09-18
NEW YORK MONEY.

New YORK, Sept. l7-8 P. M.-Money on call
steady at III per cent; last loan per cent.
rlIlc mercantile paper 1854 per cent. Ster-
| ne exchange firm. with actual business III
b rkers bills at S4.8eA0t86S for demand and at
o. 1914 for 10 days. Posted rates G4.s404. 8lis
and e4.S7H0lSS. Commercial bills S482140
4 S29s. Silver certificates 6240632l Bar silver
6296. Mexican dollars 494 Government bonds
stiong; State bonds iraCtiye; railroad bonds
ire ular.
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1900-09-18
j. L. O'QUINN & CO.,
RALEIGH. n. c.

Cut flowers, boquets and floral designs
on short notice. Palm, ferns and all pot
plants for house and window decorations.
Shade trees, eyergreens and strawberries,
and vegetables of all kinds in season.
Phone 142, Raleigh, n. c.
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1900-09-18
NAVAL STORES

Wilmington, N. c., Sept. l7.-Turpentine
firm at 81 1s61341f; recelp pts "a.
Rosin dull at 81 l5al 20; receipts 1856.
Crude turpentine steady at 81. 1902 20; receipts
20 barrels.
Tar firm at S140; receipts 81 barrels.
Charleston, S. G. Sept l7.-Turpentine nothing
doing; sales =.
Rosin quiet; receipts -; sales $50; exports -.
Quote b, G, ID, 91.20; f. e1.30; II, e1.40; G, lao:
II, S1.50; |, @.55; K. G.65, ID, S1.75; N, 800; w
2sl5: w W. $3.50.
Savannah, Ca, Sept 17.-Turpentine firm IS Il
receipts 604; sales 379; exports =
Rosin nrm; receipts 2,5l8; sales COS; exports
1919
quote: A, B, C, d, s13o; r, sl.So; F, E35;
6, LAO; II, 9.40; |, si45; X, 81. 80; NJ, t155;
n sl.75; VIC, 81 50; WV s230
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1900-09-18
OTHER COTTON MARKETS.
PoRT. % TONE. MID. BsosTPTs.
GRAIN AND PROVISIONS.

Chicago, HIS, Sept. 17.--Unfavorable
climatic conditions in the Northwest
furnished the bull motive today, De-
tober closing with gain of ALc from
Saturday. Corn closed 37Sc lower and
oats a shade depressed. Provisions
closed 2H to Sc to 10 to 12Hc higher.
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1900-09-18
NEW ORLEANS.

For Gravel use
STUARTS GIN and
BUCHU.