davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1900-03-29
Mountain Rest Locals.

MOUNTAIN REST, March 25.-I.og- roll
;nSa are the order of tho day around
here now. Tho burly youth is given a
chance to exhibit his strength.
A smile illumincs the face of our es-
tccmcd friend, Mr.. j. p. Wilson. lie
feels that he is doing his duty in regard
to Gods command to Noah. It's girl
Mr.. NJ. l.. Phillips is not left behind in
the race. His is a boy.
1t is interesting to note the changes
that have taken place in our section of
county during the last decade. Since
the stock law has fastened it's clutches
upon us the merry chimes of COW bells
arc no longer heard in the woods as soon
as grass begins to come. One Of our old
citizens says that tho milk was better
when tho cows wore bells. Ten years
ago the swamp, near Double Springs
church, known as the Black Swamp, had
in ii many dangerous mrcs, and, as the
grass grew much larger there than any
where else in the range, it was n very
common thing for stock to get stuck in
them. When the cattle failed to como
mp at night their owners generally knew
to go to the swamp prepared to pull them
out of tho mircs. Now the swamp is be-
ing cleared and ditchcd. In a fow years
it will bc very fine farm, capable Of
producing iiiic crops. A'iTiGUS.
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1900-03-29
DEATH OF REV. ]. r. PROBST.
An Agod and Highly Esteemed Minister Passes
10 Ills Reward.

;, The Rov, John f. Probst departed this
daughter, Mrs. John G. Tiedeman, in
Charleston, s. G. His residence for the
past few years has been at Asbury Park,
y: D., out some months since he went to
Charieaton for the benefit of his health
no was IN the seysnty-sixth year Of his
age ana Tor many years was connected
with tho South Carolina Lutheran Synod.
the Georgia Synod. He leaves surviving
him his widow by a second marriage,
Mrs. U. Probst, formerly Gould,) OF
AsDury Park, and three children by his
first marriage, namely, Mrs. John G.
Iiedeman, of Charleston; DR.. G. c..
Probst, of Walhalla, and Rov. Luther X.
Pr0bst, Of Atlanta, Ga.
= The Tho deceased was born In Hanover,
Germany, on the 18th of August, 1924,
and camo to America as lad at tho ago
OF years. He received his early train
ing in Frederick City, Md, was educated
at Gettysburg College and ordained to
tho Lutheran ministry from tho Lutheran
Theological Seminary Mt Gettysburg. Ho
promptly took up his active ministry and
served various charges in Pennsylvania,
Illinois and Ohio, after which he returned
TO GettysburE and acted as tiio financial
agent of the college there until 1874,
whom he camo to South Carolina as q
missionary worker among tho German
people, beginning his work in this State
in the year 1876, with headquarters at
Prosperity, Nowberry county. Thia work
brought him in contact with tho Luthe-
rams at Walhalla, who, not slow to ap-
pastorate of tho church horo. IIo sue
cessfully carried on his work horo for q
number Of years, and he and his family
formed ties of friendship that have ro-
manned unbroken to tho timo of his
death. Mr.. Probst was first married to
Miss Ann Il. Kolb, of Frederick City,
Md. Sho diod in Walhalla, and was
buried hero, and his romans were laid
TO rest by tho side of hers, from tho
church thoy both served 80 woll. After
leaving Walhalla Mr.. Probst was
called to various charges in this State,
and tho last five years of his active
ministry were spent at Jacksonville, Fla.
Mr. Probst was man Of splendid at
tainments and in tho pulpit proved him
soil an able and convincing preacher. AS
writor his contributions to tho litcra-
preciatcd: IIe took great interest in tho
youth OF his congregation, and although
now dead, there will over 1.-Two in tho
memory of tho young mon and womon
who have gono out from his pastoral
caro- and oversight, his wise counsel, his
companionable disposition, his genial
smilo and cheerful greeting.
His body was brought to Walhala Tuos-
day, accompanied by Mrs. U. Probst,
Rov. Luther X. Probst and Mr.. and Mrs.
John G. Tied man. Tho funeral services
were conduc eo by Rcvs. j. G. Schaid,
Evangelical lutheran church this
"Wednesday morning at eleven o'clock,
and attended by large concourso of
sorrowing friends. After tho services
wcrc concluded his romaincs were laid
to rest in tho cometory to await tho res
direction of tho Just.
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1900-03-29
Earle's Mills and Tokeena.

TokEENA, March rs. The farmers are
very much behind with their work on
account of so much rain. Small grain,
however, is looking fine. Mr.. G.. ID. Giles
has the finest wheat we have seen.
The many friends of Mr.. j. II. Simmons
are sorry to hear Of his continued illness
lie has been in critical condition for
several weeks, suffering with dropsy.
We hope TO see him out again soon,
Mr.. Jake Cromcr of South Union
spent Saturday and Sunday with his Sis
ter, Mrs u. II. lsbcll.
The Cross Roads Literary Society mot
last Saturday night at the home of Mr..
{. /. phillipS'S S and elected new officers
for this quarter: Mr.. Lee Sitton, presi-
dent; Miss Sallic Mcl.cskey, vice prcsi-
dent; Miss Cora ISbcll, secretary; w. f..
Giles, chief critic. The next meeting
Will be held at Mr.. p. II. Isbclls, Satur.
day night, April 7. 1t is expected that
there VIII be some warm speeches made
That night on the subject OF tho dispcn-
Sary and blind tiger laws. Mr.. Jake
Cromcr, Of South Union, on the aflirma-
tive, and Mr.. w. f.. Giles, on the mega
tive, are champion speakers, and arc
expected To make the best OF the subject.
The Townvillc High School boys and
the Crackers Neck School boys crossed
bats last Friday afternoon on the lattcr's
diamond. The Crackers Neck BOYS went
down to defeat gracefully under a score
of l3 too.
Mrs. Walt Grant and daughter, Miss
Lula, Of BowcrSvllc, Ga, arc visiting
relatives in this place.
Miss Eta Giles spent several days last
week with her sister, Mrs. G. f.. Single
ton, Of Tabcr, S. &.
MIR. a. W. Singleton, OF Tabor, has
been in our burg recently on business.
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1900-03-29
News in and Around Return.

RETURN, S. c., March 27.-I,a grippe
has been visitor in our community for
some time. 1t has been most trouble
some in the families OF Mcssrs. j. f.
Martin and ID. j. Morgan.
The school at Return is still surviving.
1t will continue until about tho 18th of
April.
Your scribe had occasion to bo in tho
Tabor ncighborhood sOmo days ago.
They are up to date on farming. They
arc also to the front in schools. Their
public school will rim another month at
least. They have funds to run the school
through tho summer, if desired. There
is also a daily mail.
We were glad to meet with Mr.. S. T..
Tanncry, who has recently recovered
from one of the scvcrcst spells of sick
ness ho ever had.
Two young men OF our community,
Mr.. Foster Dalton and Mr.. Chester
Hayes, cousins, about seventeen years
old, took occasion to walk of Sunday
night to unknown parts. 1t is supposed
they arc tired Of working for their
parents, and mean to start out carly in
lifo to make fortune for themselves.
Mr.. NJ, &. Lommons and family have
left Retreat and gone to Grecnvillo,
where they expect to make their future
home. ID. 81.
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1900-03-29
Counting Political Noses.

COLUMBIA, S. c., March 26.-Thoro is
never very much time lost in keeping
the political pot in South Carolina on the
fire. Just as soon as tho pot Dogins to
cool off it is put back on, ani tho heat
Of the primary fire is applied. 1t will
soon be time to put the pot back on tho
fire, and tho question now generally be-
tho pot, and what will be tho residue
whom tho fires arc taken away and tho
count is mado
The most interesting contest promises
to DO ovor the Govornor's office.
The contestants who seem to be in tho
race, either by their own positive an
nonncomonts or interviews, arc:
Hampton.
Mr.. A. Howard Patterson, of Barn
we'll.
Mr.. o. l.. Schumport, Of Ncwberry.
The Hon. Frank B. Gary, of Abbevillo.
A great many other names have been
mentioned in connection with tho con-
test, but no official or formal understand
ing has boon had that they will enter tho
race.
Col. Jamos A. Hoyt, of GroonviIle, is
regarded as tho most lilsoly of those
whose name has been mentioned of be
coming q candidate. a great many arc
of tho opinion that if tho Prohibitionists
make no nomination their support is OK
pcctcd to go, to largo cXtcnt, to Col.
lIoyt.
Thus far there has been no indication
that Col. IIoyt himself has any idea of
running.
Col. Knox Livingston and Con. James
F. Izlar, of Orangcburg, and Mr.. John
G. Sheppard, of Edgoiicld, havo had
their names frequently mentioned as
available, but it is not known that they
have even so much as thought of making
tho raco.
This is tho campaign year in which tho
United Statos Senator is to bo nominated.
Senator Tillman will, Of course, be can
didate for reelection. 1t is doubtful if
any ono will run against him. Many
would like to 500 somo good man mako
tho race, but worry many moro would ro-
jocc if Senator Tillman be allowed to
win in a walk and have no opposition.
Thoy do not want any moro of tho politi-
cal bitterness and i'll feeling engcndorcd
by his campaigns, as in the early ninotics,
and say things, in a political way, arc
doing SO well now and Mr.. Tillman seems
so wcll satisfied in Washington, that it
would bo best to lot we'll enough alone.
Whoever runs against Senator Tillman
realizes that it will be an uphill fight,
and that may account for tho lack of
volunteers.
ABOUT tno only Congressional contests
that are already scheduled arc those in
the Charleston and Columbia Districts.
Senator Barnwcll and Congressman FL
lott will make the race in the First Dis
trict.
Mr.. Stanyarnc Wilson will have oppo-
sition. Mr.. johnson will oppose him,
and Senator Dean, of Grconvillc; Mr..
Patton, of Columbia, and Mr. McCul-
Tough, of Grccnvilln, arc mentioned as
prospective candidates from tho Fourth
District.
There are muttcrings Of opposition to
Congressman Norton, but it docs not ap-
pear to have fully developed.
In the other Congressional Districts
there is not much talk of opposition
Columbia Correspondence News and
Courier.
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1900-03-29
PiIfering from the City OF tho Dead.

During the past winter lady in Wal.
halla, thinking of boautifying tho last
resting place of loved ones, purchased
some rare cuttings of roses, planted
them at her homo and carefully cared for
them during the cold wintor months.
AS soon as the weather moderated and
would permit she set these cuttings out
IN the family lot in Wcstviow cemetery,
protecting them from tho yet cool nights
and caring for them daily. Last Tues
DAY on going to the cemetery sho was
amazed to lind her cuttings gone and
some insignificant twigs stuck in their
places and recovered as for protection
from the cold. Some ono had taken tho
cuttings away and left these twigs in
their place. Such an act is nothing less
than the worry lowest degree of petty
thlcvcry. 1T is pity that even tho hal
lowed city Of the dead is not exempt
from the deprcdations Of petty sneak
thieves.
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1900-03-29
Death Of tho Oldest Clergyman In tho State.

Rev. M. N. Boyd, the oldest Methodist
minister in South Carolina, Jagged 95
years), died at the homo of his daughter
at Johnston, Edgefcld county, last Sat-
urday. IIo was born and raised in New
berry county. When tho appointments
wore made at the last annual conference
his son, Rev. d. p. Boyd, was assigned
to Newberry circuit, and tho deceasod
venerable preacher made his homo with
him. Early in January ho started by
private conveyance for Johnston to cole
brato his birthday at his daughters
home, but was taken i'll on tho journey and
was forced to stop with relative on tho
way. lIo reached Johnston eventually.
Two weeks ago he received stroke Of
paralysis and as he has beon critical
since, his death was not unexpected,
though tho loss of a good man is now
mourncd. In tho lattor years of his life
his memory was strong and his strength
remarkable for man Of his age. Three
of his sons entorcd tho ministry. Ono is
doad
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1900-03-29
Long Creek Items.

Lone CREEK, S. c., March 24.-Jude
+. e. Blakclcy is over to SEQ his grandson.
Henry Cannon, of Long Creek
Oats and rye do not look we'll at this
time of tho year.
Miss Rosa Phillips has returned from
Westminster. We arc glad to welcome
her back.
Ga, this week. She carried her little
daughter who got burned to Dir. Green
for medical treatment.
Shingle milling and digging star grass
root arc tho order of the day.
Some people have planted their oar
dcns.
We have been having some very bad
weather for farm work.
Mr.. Martin Pitts was seen passing
through our section recently.
Mr.. Nathaniel Phillips is dcvoting his
i'll at this writing. There is no hope Of
his recovery.
We learn that Mr.. Nathaniel Phillips
is going to run for the Supervisors Office.
We wish him good luck. a great many
are very anxious for him to mako the
race.
viii sOmo ono please hunt up the
County Commissioners and lot us know
whore they arc. If any information can
be given about them it will be thankfully
received.
Mr.. John Phillips has moved to West
Minister.
Married, March 11th, 1900, Mr.. Massa-
lane Leo to Miss Lowry Smith. All of
OcOncc.
Married, March 9th, 1000, on tho iron
bridge, at Rogue's Ford, Mr.. John Smith
to Miss Lewanna Ramey, from Georgia.
Success to TIE COURIER. Il. l..
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1900-03-29
East End Locals.

Mrs. S. p. Dendy returned to Walhalla
last saturday afternoon from Grccnvillo,
Barr, and littlo granddaughter Annie
The many friends of Mrs. Barr will bc
pleased to meet her in her old homo.
Mr.. j. G. Miclklcr and family now oc.
cnpy their cottage in East End. We
welcome them again as our noighbors
after several years absence
Owing to tho inclcmoncy of tho wca-
ther last Sunday, there was no preaching
in tho Presbyterian church except in the
morning.
The Rev. and Mrs. G. f. Clarkson re-
turned to Walhalla this (Wcdnesday)
afternoon from Seneca.
Preaching in the Walhalla Methodist
church noxt sunday morning and oven
my at tho usual hours by tho pastor,
l.cv. q. +. Clarkson. o.
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1900-03-29
Remarkable Rescue.

Mrs. Michael Curtain, Plainficld. ILL.,.
makes the statement that sho caught
cold, which settled on her lungs; sho
was treated for a month by her family
physician, but grew worse. IIo told her
sho was hopeless victim of consump-
ton and that no medicine could cure her.
Ii lior druggist suggested DR.. Kings Now
Discoycry for consumption; sho bought
benefited from the first dose. She con.
inued its uso and after taking six bottles
found herself sound and woll; now does
hor own hOusework and is as woll as sho
oyer was. FREQ trial bottles of this great
qlscoVery at all drug stores in the county.
Large bottles so cents and 81.
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1900-03-29
Real Estate Transfers.

The following real estate transfers have
been recorded on the Auditors books
since Tuesday. March 20, 1900:
Seneca TOwnship-B. f. Sloan, execu-
tor, to Jas. G. Harper, G3 acres, SlSG; j.
q. Harper TO w. ii. Tucker, G3 acres,
$50.
Chattooga Township-Mary f. John
son, cxecutrix, to Sarah a. Simpson, 23
acres, $40.
Walhalla-C. II. IIcssc and others to
Mrs. Sallie Hutchinson, 2 lots, $500
Center Township-Anna |. Calder and
others TO JohnJ. Haley, 267 acres, 81 ,50S.
County at Large Various townships)
BENZ. =. and Julia G. Calhoun to Au-
gustnc T. Smythc and Henry w. Bow
dom, 81 800 acres, $l7,25O.
Whitewater Township-Dr.J. j. O'Con-
nell to w. B. f. Corbin, 80 acres, S22 80.
Tngaloo Township Mary a. Crawford
to the Choswcll Cotton Mill Co., 1t
acres so
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1900-03-29
Story of n Slave.

TO be bound hand and foot for years
by the chains Of disease is the worst form
of slavery. George ID. Williams, Of Man
chester, Mich, tells how such slave
vas mado free. lie says: "My wife
she could not turn over in bed alone.
After using two bottles of Electric Bit
tcrs, she is wonderfully improved and
able to do her own work. This supreme
remedy for female diseases quickly cures
nervousness, slccplossncss, mcnancholy,
headache, backache, fainting and dizzy
spells. This miracle working medicine
is godsond to weak, siclly, run down
people. Every bottle guaranteed. Only
county.
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1900-03-29
The Nebraska Platform.

WASHINGTON, March 22.-Spoakinp of
tho Nebraska platform Senator Tiljman
says it was built to suit the exigencies
of tho party in Nebraska, and hot in
tended to be binding on the party in the
national campaign. On the whole. ho
sald, 1t was pretty good sort of plat
form, but there is not tho slightest dan
ger OF tho objectionable features being
Incorporated in tho national platform
senator Tillman said that Mr.. Bryan
unaerstands s pretty we'll what tho wishes
of the rank and flo of the Domocracv
cordingly. "'
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1900-03-29
O.. G. sJAYNEs.

Road Little Jimmie" Adams's ad
and learn a fow things.
Pattern hats from the leading mar
kcts, pulley belts, embroideries, laces
and all the latest styles in the millinery
limo at Mrs. E. M. Cudworth's. Opening
on Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday
April 10, L aud II. Come!
AT recent meeting of tho Walhalla
Lodge knights of Honor Mr.. j. w. Uol
iGihnn was elected as representative tc
tho Grand Lodge and Mr.. J. d. Verne,
alternate. Tho Grand Lodge meots in
Columbia on Wednesday night at eight
O'Clock, April !7til, 1860.
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1900-03-29
ConsumPtIye Conyicts.

Says a Columbia dispatch: Governor
McSweeney has in tho last few days
visited tho State penitentiary and has
seon the convicts there, dying with that
dread disease, consumption. The Gov.
ornor found the disease worse than he
expected. Tho unfortunates, for whom
there is no hopo whatever, have to bo
placed in tho general ward with all other
kind of patients, thus menacing the
health OF tho entire institution. The
ascertained that each had a home To
which he could be sent if released. He
was surprised to find that ono of the
fifteen years.
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1900-03-29
Mississippi Mob is Ready.

JACKSON, Miss, March 25.-John Per-
kins, q freight breal1man, was shot and
killed near Brookhaven this afternoon by
Moses Angelina, a tramp who was steal
ing ridc. Angclino is undor arrest. It
is feared that a mob will DO organized
before morning to lynch tho prisoner,
and Sheriff Applowhite has just re-
4ucstod Governor Longino to order out
the local militia company. Tho Gover-
nor has wired tho captain of the COM
pany to call out his men if necessary.
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1900-03-29

Rcy Chas. NJ. Sheldon will receive be-
tween $4,000 and $4,000 as his share of
the venture of running the Topeka Capt.
tai as Christian daily, and ho intends
to cxpend it in improving and bcautify-
is surrounded by tho homes of arsto-
cratic citizens. The latter have tried to
buy out tho negroes, but have failed,
and their hOpo now is that Mr.. Sheldon
will make tho locality more respectable.
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1900-03-29

our dear nycs ,"s f ', h,o ,y oy ao zee zee
arrival of tho doctor. An Albany IN. W
dairyman called at drug store there for
n doctor to come and SEQ his child, then
very sick with Group. Not finding the
doctor in, he left word for him to come
at once on his return. He also bought Il
bottle of Chamberlain's Cough Remedy,
which he hoped would give some relief
until tho doctor should arrive. In Il fow
hours he returned, saying the doctor
better. The druggist, Mr.. Otto Schnlz,
says the family has since recommended
Chambcrlain's Cough Remedy to their
neighbors and friends until he has con-
stant demand for it from that part of tho
country. For sale by DR.. j. w. Boil,
Walhalla; w. j. Lunnoy, Seneca; II. b.
Zimmerman, Westminster.
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1900-03-29
Has il Come TO This.

RIPLEY, Tenn, March 23.-This morn
ing in the heart of the city tho body of
u negro, Louis Rice, was found dangling
from a limb Of tree. Tho lynching
grew out Of trial in tho Circuit Court
of Iaudcrdalc county, during the course
Of which Rice testified in favor Of one of
his color who was charged with the m,lr.
der Of u white man named Goodrich.
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1900-03-29
Death OF Rev. W. S. Bowman. D. D.

Tho Rev. William S. Bowman, ID. d :,
who for twenty years served the Won't
worth Street Lutheran Church, Charles
ton, 5. c., as its pastor, died Monday
morning, March 2Gth at Mount Pleasant,
n. G. At his request his body was car
ried to Charleston for burial. DR.. Bow
man will be lovingly remembered by
goodly number of tho older people of
Walhalla and community. Ho made tho
address at the laying of tho corner stone
Of Nowberry College WHOM it was ostab-
hshed at this place many years ago. lie
was great and good man.
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1900-03-29

Tho Goobol reward commission have
liked THO rewards which are to be paid
out of tho 100000 appropriated. Tho
amount offered is 5000 for the arrest
and conviction of each accessory or
principal, with the provision that if the
number shall exceed ton tho rewards
shall bo proratod from the $4,000.
Judge Joseph II. Lewis was eleotod
chairman Of tho board.
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1900-03-29
BiSm0rk'S Iron Nerve

Was tho result OF his splendid health.
IndOmitablc will and tremendous energy
are not found whore stomach, liver,
kidney and bowels arc Out Of order II
you want these quantities and the success
they bring, use DIR. Kings New Life Pills.
They develop every power Of brain and
body. Only 25c. at all drug stores
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1900-03-29
What They All Say.

LENoIE, y. c., February rs, l00O.-
Send onc-half gross Goose Crease T.ini-
mcnt, % cent size. There is no doubt as
to the curative powers Of Goose Grease
Lin,ncnt. We have used dir ,rcnt lini-
mcnts, but yours cXccls all
Yours truly, UENKEI. Bros.
These people arc among the largest
dealers II mules and horses i'm the State.
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1900-03-29

during tho calendar year 1890 tho in
crease in tho cigar output of tho IJnitcd
States ovor the preceding yoar was 2S3.
0oO,7ll. Tho total for tho yoar 1903 was
d,6Gi, ,6O2 and for 1899 4,O47, 772, ,3l3,
Tho decrease in the cigarette OUTPUT for
Inc year was 032, nc, ,8l4.-Cigar and
Tobacco Journal.
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1900-03-29

l.. b. Daughty, an agent for tho Frank
Leslie magazine syndicate Of Now York
committed suicide in huntsville, Ala.
last Friday night by taking an overdose
of morphine. Dependency, caused by
a protractcd spree, was tho cause of tho
rash act. lie loft his money to his
sweetheart lIo loft Il letter advising
young men never to touch whiskoy.
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1900-03-29

You can SEQ it, perhaps, ono of DIR.
Piorco's Pleasant Pollots-but you can't
feel it after it's taken. And yet it docs
old fashioned pills, with thcir gripping and
violence. These tiny "Pollots," tho
smallest and easiest to take, bring YOU
help that lasts. Constipation, indiges-
ton, bilious attacks, sick and bilious
headaches, and all arrangements of liver,
stomach, and bowels, are permanently
Clrcd