davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1900-03-20

lHE HOLLAND. AT the request Of Lieut.
d'Ltron De Farsm ond De Lsf-jeie. the nav al
al'ache of the French Embassy at Washing
ton the owners of the submarine boat Hol-
and gave an exhibition Of the workings Of
'n' bo't on the Potomac river Just above this
city today. The bost was put through all her
movements, running above and below the
surface OF the water, diving sc. Several
90 It's with spectators on board &C ompanied
the Holland 10 the scene Of the trial.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1900-03-20

BIRD CARNIvAL.-The kellogg Bird
Carnival and Concert Company, which
is to give an entertainment at the Opt ra
House on Tuesday evening next under
the auspices of the Church FURNISHING
Society of the Nj. E. Church South, has
made several trips to Europe and up.
peared before large and delighted audi
ences in London. Mrs. kellogg has a
fine contralto voice and her articula
ton is perfect. As a bld warbler Mr..
kellogg is iDimtable and cannot fail 10
please all who are so fortunate as 10
hear him.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1900-03-20

NEGRO IN DIsTREss.-On Sunday m)rn-
ing negro, who said his home was In Alex.
andria. was found on the switch ct tho g. &
o. depot shut up In box car nearly d, nd
tr In cold. He said he bad been In tho car
without food since last Wednesday, says tho
Staunton News His feet Were frosted and
he was in pretty bad condition generally.
The authorities did what they could for him,
bought ticket and sent him on No A to
Alexandria. [Chs rlottssville Progress.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1900-03-20
An Editor Finds a Sure Cure for
Rheumatism.

A. r. De Fluent, editor of the Jour
nal ,Doylestown Ohio, suffered for num-
Der of wears from rheumatism in his
right shoulder and side. He says: my
right arm at times was useless. tried
Cha o. berlain's Pain Balm, and Was sur
prised to re ceive relief almost immedi
ately. The Pain Balm has been cou-
slant companion of mine ever since and
II never fails" For sale by all drug
rtcfo
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1900-03-20
A Frightful Blunder

Will often cause horrible Burn,
Scald, Cut or Bruise. Bucklen's Arni
ga Salve, the best in the world, will
kill the pain and promptly heal it.
Cures Ola Sores, Fever Sores, Ulcers,
Boils Felons. Corns, all Skin Eruptions.
Best Pile cure on earth. Only Is cts. a
box. Cure guaranteed. Sold by E.
8. Leadbeater & Sons. Druggists.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1900-03-20

MISSION SERVICES we're again held
Yesterday morning and afternoon and at
nlghI at st. Paul's Church by Rev. n.
T. Dame The address last night IVES
OF particular interest. Mr.. Dame
dwelt upon the inability of man to do
anything of himself, but said that all
lhings necessary to salvation were PCS.
slOle by and through the aid of Gods
spirit. which was free y bestowed upon
all who asked for it. Mission services
will be held at 1880 tonight.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1900-03-20
Eeauty Is Blood Deep.

Clean blood means a clean SKIN. No
beauty without it. Cascarets, Candy Cathar
tic clean your blood and keep 1t clean by
stirring up the lazy liver and driving all I'M
anss n frS% The So HodSS o gsn Ss
and that sickly bilious complexion by taking
Cascarets,--beauty for ten cents. All drug
gistS sstisfaction guaranteed l0cs DC sec.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1900-03-20

DIED IN WARRENTON.-Mrs. Lucy
h. Fluks. who had made Alexandria
her nome for some time past, returned
TO her old home in WarreDton about
Two weeks ago to visit relatives. A
dispatch was received here this morn
ing stating that she died there last
night.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1900-03-20

The SHRINERs of Alexandria will
mold their monthly meeting tomorrow
night at the residence OF ex- Mayor f..
r Downham. Several celebrities from
Washington ard Richmond have been
Invited to attend.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1900-03-20
DRY GOODS.
D, bendheim& Sons,
Store information.

As Alsxandria's oldest merchants, We Justly
claim exclusive stylesi We've raised . stand.
ard Of exoellency which time and circum.
stances will not lower. Quality all the time,
and the cost moderate to get It bere.
The following verifying items:
Black Dress Goods Fabrics.
All wool Black English Cheviot, sponged
and shrupk. desirable for tailor made suits,
would DO cheap 1t 68c. For this week only,
Soc yard.
Special values In Black Cheviots at SOC &c.
81 and $1.25.
Black Clay Diagonal Cheviot, As inches
wide, 81 Is value for 98c
Black Silk and Wool Crepons. handsome
goods, and values per yard from 80, to %.
All.wool Black Poplins ut 81 is an elegant
value
In our Colored Dress Goods Department we
are showing the latest novelties Of the season.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1900-03-20
Housekeeping Linens.

You never saw better values.
B.oaohed Table Linens, satin face, ~ ms
wide, in short lenRtns, 2x2lA and 3 yards.
Worth 81. %; Ut 95c per yard.
Unblesehed Table Linen, ~ ms. wide, 69c
Value ct 49c per yard.
Ill.linen Huck Towels at 100 and 1910.
All-hnen Osmasks Towels ut 12hc.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1900-03-20

az used Kodol Dyspepsis Cure in my family
with wonderful results. 1t gives immediate
relief is pleasant to take and is truly the d's.
peptic's best friend" says z. Hartg' rir k
0verisel, Mich. Digest what you eat. CsL'
not fail IN rure.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1900-03-20

While q mob broke into the jail at
Joplin, Mo-, to secure Q negro accused
of rape, the lights we're put out and the
negro smuggled awsy.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1900-03-20
Cold Steel or Death.

COfu Stccl OF Deatns
There is but one small chance to
save your life and that is through an
operation" was the awful prospect Get
before Mrs. 1. B. Hunt, of Lime Ridge,
Wiz, by her doctor after vainly trying
to cure her of frigbtful case ofstomach
trouble and yellow jaundice. He didn't
count on the marvellous power OF Elec-
trio Bitters to cure Stomach and Liver
troubles, but she heard Of it, took sew:
ven bottles, was wholly cured, avoided
surgeons knife. now weighs more and
feels better than ever. It's positively
guaranteed to cure Stomach. Liver and
K dney troubles and never disappoints.
Price 80 cents. Sold at f. 8. Lead
heater & Sons Drug Store.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1900-03-20
LOCAL MATTERS.

,nn rises tomorrow at 6:O6 a. m. and
ats At COS. High water st 1O:49 .. M
ol II OF p. M.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1900-03-20

NJ. B. Smith, Butternut, Mich, says, DE.
Wits Little Early Risors are the very boa
pills ever used for cosliveness. liver and bow.
ell troubles"
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1900-03-20

WEATHER tBOBA BILITIKs.-For this
section, fsir, colder tonight and We inesdsy;
Tres, northery wlads
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1900-03-20

TO CURE a COLD IN ONE DAY
Take LAXATIVE BRoMo QUININE TABLETS.
All druggists refund tho money if 1t fails to
care E w. GROVES signature on each
box. Doc.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1900-03-20
French PlanneIS for Shirt Waists.

French Opera Flannels is very popular for
slit waists Huntington pink, grsys, blues,
css.ors, cardinal, automobile, oerise, and oil
other desirable plain shsdee; sl,o embroider.
cd and printed poke spot and figured effects;
also the new ring dot" pattern, which is Ok.
clusively ours.
These Imported Flsnne's are also e1 ten
sively used for Dressing Sacques, Tea Gowns,
Mstinees, and children's wear. Plain, &C.,
Printed, Toe. Embroidered, 81.
Second flOor.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1900-03-20
The Best Prescription for Chills

ana Fever is a bottle of GROVES TAsTELEss
ShiLL IONIC. 1t is simply iron and quinine
III sasieless foIm. NJ cure--nO pay. 6Oc
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1900-03-20

The Alexandria Baseball Club will
meet tonight.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1900-03-20

The Fitzsimmons-sharkey fight which was
scheduled to come off on August /, has been
declared of.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1900-03-20

Mrs Calvin Zimmerman, Milssburg, Pa,
says, "As q speedy cure for coughs, colds,
Group and sore throat Ono Minute Cough Cure
is unequsled. 1t Is pleasant for children to
take. heartily recommend 1t to mothers."
1t is only q harml IS remedy that produces
immediate results. 1t cures bronchitis, pneu.
monis. grippe and throat and lung diseases
II will prevent consumption.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1900-03-20

To Cure Constipation Forever.
Take Cascarets Candy Cathartic. 10c or 80
y q O. C. tail to cure druggists REFUND unneV
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1900-03-20

Rinehart's Pictures
Of American Indians
In colors. Full 1912 inches. They are
offered at the very special price OF
25c EACH.
Frames to at in great variety.
Picture Dept.-Fourth floor.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1900-03-20
Wonlen'S Neckwear,

Both American and French Just arrived.
The most fascinating Paris Ruffs and Scarfs,
Jsbots, Ties, Persian squsres Of chiffon. liber-
ty silk. mousseline de sole, lawn; every sort
Of neckfxing for evening and street wear that
one can imagine.
White and Cream Bsrbes. of real Duchesse.
Poiot Applique and Mechlin laoes.
$1.OO to $1,000.
Black Liberty Silk Ruff, With long ends
and edged with narrow Iuching.
$500 to $1,000.
Liberty Silk Squares, for Masking fancy
waists, In a large assortment Of Persian de.
signs and plain pastel shades
81 rs to $3.50.
Liberty Silk Ruching,, white and black,
accordion plated to 8 inches deep, edged
with narrow ruohing.
Toe to $3.50.
arGOODS DELIVERED IN ALEXAN.
DRIA.
Woodward y Lothrop,
10th, nth & F Sts., n. W.,
XJ .o,x,~,,~@~, n r
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1900-11-08
Patriotic Democrats.

Republicans everywhere should make
dae acknowledgement OF tho patriotism
and self-saerifce Of those Democrats who
supported the Republican ticket at the
late election There are hundreds Of thou.
sands 81 Them. as the matorities every
Republican ranks from the lists OF now
voters. attracted by the splendid policy
which that party represents. we're very
large. At the same time. no victory OF
such proportions as this could have been
won without the aid OF Democratic votes.
Cold Democrats. expansion Democrats
anu-crokef Democrats. above all anti
Bryan Democrats sweilsd tho victory.
These men have sacrificed much and
Icns for their party. IL was with bitter
sexre, that they parted company with Il
four years age when IL departed from the
Ways Of historic Democracy ana national
honor In sorrow they helped to admin
lister a deserved rebuke, For tour hong
years since then they have been the tar
set for every species et ohleany They
have been dfiyen from so-cAlle1 Dem
ocra,ic conventions. oxsraeisca by the
party. peltca with unpleasant eplthe,s.
hamiiiaied ~ every eoneeivAhls fashion.
sam they remain true 70 their principles.
and how very few Of them have yielded
te the pressure put upon them ana ao-
eea'sd the yoke % Organism these re-.
,urus viii show. Again they hava voted
Ter country ana Cor a true patriotism
rather than a sham Democracy.
II is the glory and strength Of this ma
tea that :, has majority q such cit
icons as this; men who are ardent parti-
sans, bat who viii no, hesitate one mo-
men' IN Tire choice between party ana
country. All pAr,ies possess them. but
seldom are they pus to test 50 severe
as the long reign Of Rryanism has i'm
posed upon these loyal soldiers OF their
country. They VIII not bow to the dis
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1900-11-08
politics win return to older. safer and
more elevated lines.

politics win return to older. safer and
more elevated lines.
Not at once shall we get rid OF the spirit
Of envy and discomfort and contempt for
the system of law and order that Mr..
Bryan has instiiled into some Of his fol-
lowers. That penalty is yet to be paid
For time the socialist party win be the
gamer: for Organism IL only the first
stage OF socialism, and many OF his ad-
mirers viii take the remaining degrees.
But with a reorganized Democracy they
win not be dangerous. The heart OF the
American people is sound and true. as its
great verdict shows. 1t has met and
overcome the gravest danger to the coun-
try since the first shot was fired on Sum-
ter. With no aings at the defeated, loyal
Americans are filed with great rejoice
ing because Organism is dead.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1900-11-08

The returns from the state are still 80
incomplete as TO leave the result of the
governorship contest In doubt. AS the
counting proceeded yesterday. the lead Of
Mr.. Frfnk was reduced materially. The
later returns from several of the more
important counties left the two candidates
practically tie. Returns yet to come
may easily turn the result to either side
Of the evenly balanced scale. Not for
another day. II then. can II be stated pos
itively which candidate has secured a
majority.
The discrepancy between the vote for
Mr.. Frink and that for President McKin-
ley is q cause Of surprise and disappoint-
msnt to tho great body Of loyal Repub-
licans IN Washington. 1t is almost al
ways the. case that the presidential elect
ors receive larger vote than any others
on the ticket. and there are few states in
the Union where the candidate for gov
ernor can secure . majority as great as
that given for president. But this rule
operates within certain limits: and with
the majority gfven by the state for Nc
Kiniey and Roosevelt. Mr.. Frink should
have won by q handsome figure.
The large falling on in the vote OF the
Republican candidate for governor. as
compared with thst for president. con-
gressmen and the other candidates for
state Offices. IL matter for deep regret.
1t Is especially so considering the ad-
mirabie personal character ana valuable
public services Of Mr.. rrink, and the
inability OF his opponents. in a virulent
campaign. to fasten upon him q single
charge that should cost him the support
Of any voter. Yet. although no well-In-
formed Republican could state a reason
for scratching the name of Mr.. Frink, far
less for giving a vote to his opponent.
tho record OF the ballots shows that II
was done by many.
Whatever may be the reasons assigned
for this. or whatever the explanation Of
fered by different persons or In different
localities, IT is unfortunate from every
point OF view. The party suffers and
the consequences OF such action as this
are always regrettabie and far-reaching.
Loyalty to party 10 the first essential of
political success and the paramount duty
OF all Republicans
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1900-11-08
New Naval Contracts.

Next month the contracts are 70 be let
by the navy department for the construc-
ton OF fourteen new warships. OF which
Eve are to be battieships. six armored
cruisers and three protected cruisers. OF
the armored cruisers and battleships. II Is
provided by congress that three shall be
built on the Pacific coast. either two
cruisers and battieship. or two battle-
ships and one cruiser. and Pacific coast
builders are given slight preference in
the bidding for these vessels.
There are three concerns on the Pacific
coast which are equipped to bid for these
ships The Union Iron Works. which has
already received many contracts. and
which has made great reputation by the
manner in which II has carried them ont !;
the Risdon Iron Works, also Of San Fran
cisco. which. II Is announced. proposes 20
bid for the construction OF all the vessels
authorized to Be built on the Pacific coast:
and Moran Brothers. OF Seattle. The lat
ter FIRM has never attempted any such
ambitious work as the building OF a battle
ship. although Il has a ane standing with
the navy department for the good work
Done on the enc torpedo boa, which thus
far represents oil OF tho shipbuiidlnx for
the navy done In the state Of washington.
Moran Brothers have now. however, a
plant equipped for building a vessel q.
any dimensions. ana win be one OF the
bidders a, the letting o. IN. pres4n, con-
tracts. II "a the sincere hope az every
citizen q Seattle that they may be sue
oessful. both on Account OF the smme-
date pecauiary returns 70 the city from
the employment, which win be afforded IA
hundreds % skilled mechanics. ara for
the public notice which win be attracted
10 an Industry, now firmly established
here, and which bids fair to become one
o. the greatest in the state
The growth Of sAlphuilaing In the rrpltaa
states AFFORDS a sufficient answer TO thoxs
critics who oppose al schemes OF rov.rn.
ment aid 20 the establishment Of nsw
industries. When me work OF building
Up the new navy commenced. only a few
years ago. there WAS not q single pasr,
10 the United states equipped for the
work az building a war vessel Of the mod
efn Vpe' Then. as now. there was a
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1900-11-08

Economy OF Large Cargo ships.


The tendency II to Increase the size and
speed Of all steamers nowadays. ard the
rule holds good In regard 10 self-trtm-
mers. Many 81 them viii carry 700
tons Of coal as cargo at eleven knots
and there IL sufficient evidence TO sup
port the view that the larger the YES.
sei the more economical, In proportion, to
the coal consumption. a return now be-
fore rna. in which are given the results
% a large number 81 voyages by different
ships. shows that s.g0-fon steamer,
running as miles n day, had eonsump-
tion of .f1S pound 81 coal per ton dlspiare-
flent per mile. An s9o-ton steamer,
running 80 miles a day. 0sed Cos pound.
which T.N1-ton vessel, steafnlng "a
nlIes a day. burned oks pound. A sega-
ton steamer. going 81 miles a day, used
"a pound Of coal per ton displacement,
and e SDa-t0n steamer, travelling 90
miles a day. .esz pound. while a 4so-tou
steamer. going 20 miles day. consumed
0Si pound. These figures SHOW in each
case speeds OF close about eleven knots.
and they also show that the cost Of the
section steamer for coal was less than
half that Of the 4.9co-ton boat. per mile
per ton displacement. showing that the
larger the steamer the iess the coal con-
samed pro rata
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1900-11-08


The so-calied preparatory football sea-
son IL now about over. In other words.
the big university teams are through
rolling up big scores on the smaller
teams. and are nearly ready to try con-
illusions with earh other. white the small
or teams drop more or less out OF the
public view. This In all very well and
the public naturally turns to where It
viii find the best exposition OF the game
and the most excitemeDts But for an ex-
hibltion OF pure pluck and honest sports
manship too much credit could not well
be given these smaller teams that go up
against their heavier opponents. out
weighed even thirty pounds 20 a man.
with the certainty of defeat. and Only
the bars possibility OF gaining the doubt
full honor OF scoring. III the score Ia
made. half of tho glory Is commonly de-
tractsd from the performances by the re-
port either that Il was fuke or that Il
was due solely 20 the poor work OF the
bigger team. and not 20 the good work
Of the smaller. When the season is over
and the big games are won and lost
praise should be saved for the trial
horse"
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1900-11-08

platform was one of those most deeply
interested in the most abominabie and
constituencies OF all the trusts. And
Croker with whom Mr.. Bryan hobnobhed
fraternally at the end. was publicly
known as the patron saint OF this COM
bination.
Thus. on all the main issues involved.
the Democratic party and Mr.. Bryan in
particular were revealed to the voters OF
the country as wholly reprchate. They
were not merely mistaken. which would
have been bad enough. they were dis
honest through and through. They made
a mock of the intelligence OF the peo-
pie under a thin disguise OF appealing TO
their virtue. They came with noble SEN
timents on their lips and with deceit shin
ing through all their acts. The vote OF
the nation is its expression OF a Just con-
domination and resentment The DEM
ocratic party would have been beaten, We
believe, this year. on any platform. But
the repuise that It met. rare and almost
unexampled In its magnitude. is due
primarily to It's repeated insults to the
moral sense of the people. They pardon
error. they are rightly merciless TO hypoc-
risy. The event ought to stand as a
monumental lesson to all parties in this
country for all time to come.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1900-11-08

strong element in congress which desired
that the government should establish its
own plants and do its own shipbuilding.
Better counsels prevailed. and the estab-
lishment Of American shipyards was en-
courased by the prospect of profitable
government contracts. Today there are
shipyards by dozens which are prepared
to build warships OF any dimensions. and
three Of these plants are located on the
Pacific coast.
II 1t were necessary TO do so. the enor-
nous navy Of Great Britain could be dup
Heated in very few years by existing
American shipyards. As 1t is. they ara so
numerous. so thoroughly equipped with
completed modern plants. and are in such
active competition with each other that
they can furnish new ships for the navy
far cheaper than the government could
build them for itself.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1900-11-08

Senator Pettigrew remarked that the
only proper thing for this country to do
was to withdraw from the Philippines and
apologize to the world. South Dakota
has gone Republican and Pettigrew HIM
self will be withdrawn from the United
States senate. His statement this morn
ing shows that defeat has made him
crazier than ever, II that Is possible.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1900-11-08

Congressman Richardson. who predict
ed that the next national house of repre-
sentatives would be Democratic by a
good working majority and who, in con-
sequence. may have devoted some con-
siderable time to determining in his own
mind what he would do when elected
speaker. has been relieved Of some I'M
necessary worry.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1900-11-08
A GUARANTEE.

The Post InteIiiseacer hereby
guarantees ITS advertisers bona
nde paid circulation, Daily. Weekly
and Sunday, double that Of ANY
other newapaper published I'm the
state Of Washtngton. Advertising
contracts will be made subjecf to
this guarantee.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1900-11-08

Judging from the immense Republican
majorities that are rolling up in the
East 1t is only fair TO conclude that the
Puerto Rico bill did not change SO many
votes after ALL
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1900-11-08

Mr.. Bryan may be willing TO hunt for
another paramount issue and try 1t again.
but 1t is not improbable that the Demo-
cratic party will get back to some Of the
old-time issues and hunt for another can
didate.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1900-11-08

w. r. Hearst said that from private ad-
vices he had received from different parts
OF the country 1t would be a landslide
for Bryan. 1t was-with Bryan under
the slide.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1900-11-08

follow their country's dag wherever it
may lead or TO defend II wherever IT may
be found. In all the rejoicings over this
great event, save one station of honor for
the Mckinley Democrats.