The evening times. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1895-1902, 1900-01-02
MANUAL TRAINING SCHOOLS.
The system Adopted in Germany and
Its Development.


Manual training in Germany is The sub
ject of a report from George Sawter.
United States Consul at Glauchau, Germa-
ny, He writes as follows.
ION the LIST of October. twenty-four
years had elapsed since the movement hay-
ing for its object the manual training Of
boys was inaugurated in Germany In this
space OF time the idea has certainly been
disseminated largely in this Empire. and
over 1900 teachers have given their CO.
operation to the movement; nevertheless,
both the internal and the external cOndI-
tione connected with this new branch OF
tuition leave much to be desired. The
original training ia home industries and
home occupation has almost entirely dis
appeared; il is carried on at present only
in a Few places in Holstsin and in seven
teen Institutes for the blind.
Most OF the other educational ostab-
lishments in Germany including eighteen
Orphanages and fOTty-siI deaf and dumb
Institutes have already introduced manual
training into their curriculum. EuJ the en-
deayOr 10 prepare the pupils in the schools
direct for the eventual handicraft has OBJ
msuv's institutions Of learning The ma
iority Of the German home industry
schools only deal pedagogically with the
subject
There exist at present in Germany, dis
trituted in sos places Sol schools aud in
stitutes wherein manual training is ear
RED on in 1914 workshops. OF this num-
Der $50 schools and institutes conduct the
training on a pedagogical basis. Prussia
h.. al uawF cob CTN-n "a
over 435 places and distributed among $50
workshops. Industrial centres take the
lead as follows. Prussia, Upper Silesia
the Rhenish Province, and the Kingdom
Of SaNOny-
The l.5I4 pupils workshops comprise
2S6 Independent manual training schools
and 23S public schools, OF which Is are
auxiliary schools where the work is obli-
gatcry, Il middle-class schools, Al high
schools-made up Of 8 gymnasiums, 6 tech
meal gymnasiums. l. technical and techni-
cal high schools and 10 boarding schools
preparatory institutes. % teachers semi
uaries and 90 boys asylums, while the re
mainder is made up OF various kinds Of
private educational establishments
The organization OF the handicrafJ tuition
in the individual schools and institutes Is
varied in character. SiNty-nine Institutes
have adonted the whole curriculum as
recommended by the German Association
for the Dissemination Of Manual Skill
while 10 dispense with the preparatory
work of the rest. IL schools and insu-
tutes confine themselves to three branches,
POI limit themselves to >, and the remain
der TO l branch only. Five hundred and
,birty-five workshops are devoted to wood
carving. -. 20 working in cardboard. and
2g6 10 the carpenters bench; Of these, 6S
are closely connected with wood carving,
II with preparatory rOughing out work.
a with metal work, IS with country tim
herring. II with turnery, and II with model %
ing in clay.
Pedagogical manual tuition has branch
ed out in three directions: the practical
formal method which regards handicratt
as a means TO general culture; the direc-
ton advocated by those who aim at the
so-caIled school manual deXtcrity, and the
system which would make the manual
training serve as the basis OF individual
branches Of teaching and utilize thee in
order to influence the method OF insrruc-
ton in schools
The first two are becoming more ard
more amalgamated. In the third direction
Prof. Kumpa. at DarmsJadt, School In
spector Scherer at Worms. and Rector
Bruckmann. at KOniEsberg. Prussia are
at present engaged in making thorough
experiments in public schools.
The participation OF German teachers
in the efforts Of the German association
is steadily increasing. over 2.200 German
teachers have up TO now been taught to
become instructors in manual training. OF
| these. $50 were taught in Leipzig and
.25O acquired training in thirty-three
places in other parts Of Germany"