davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1900-10-20
THE sLAvE-TRADE
Inhumsn Manner In which slaves wers
Carried in the Old ships.

Inhuman Manner In which Slaves wers
Carried In the Old Ships.
In the larger ships the space between
the top Of the cargo and the under side
Of the deck was sometimes as much as
five feet. To devote all that space to
air was. in the mind of the thrifty
SLAYER. sheer waste. So he built a
shelf or gallery six feet wide all the
way around the ships hold. between
the deck and the slave floor that was
laid on top Of the cargo. On this shelf
was placed another layer Of slaves,
thus increasing the number carried
by nearly so per cent. The crowding
in the big ships, having two decks reg
ularly, was still worse. for a slave
deck was built clear across between
these two, and the galleries or shelves
were built both under and above the
slave-deck. There were ships where
four layers Of slaves were placed thus
between permanent decks that were
only eight feet apart, and there are
records of cases where smaller ships
ships having but three feet or 10 Of
space between cargo and deck---Were
fitted with galleries, SO that the slaves
stretched on their backs had but a foot
or. less Of air-space between their
faces and the deck, or the next layer
above them. To increase the number
carried, when stretched out on deck or
shelf, the slaves were sometimes placed
on their sides. breast to back-""spoon
fashion," as the slavers call it-and
this made room for a considerable pei
cent extra. However. in the eigh-
teenth century the usual practice was
to place them on their backs. and to
allow about two and a half feet of all
space above the face Of the slave, and
in this way cargoes of over three hun.
bred were carried.-From "The SLAVE
Trade in America" by John s. Spears
in the September Scribner's.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1900-10-20

to separate herself from her COM
panion. She must find out II he were
quizzing her. She applied to the
bridesmaid who had introduced her az
the quickest solution Of the problem,
and was informed that he, was the
young clergyman who had assisted at
the ceremony, being a close friend Of
the groom. "And I accused him of run
ming q, gambling house." thought
Marion desperately. "Shall I apollo
gize? No. it was Just as much his
fault as mine. He didn't look nor
talk like a minister. How could !
know? do like his looks. I wonder
what he thinks Of me-" And with a
shudder at. her boldness. which now
almost amounted to a sacrilege in her
eyes, she hastily bade the bridal party
adieu.
When she came down. with her
wraps on. she saw the young man
gazing at her with a smile. why
did you run away from me? he queried.
Because I consider that I have said
unheard Of things to a minister. It
wasn't fair Of you not to let me know
in the beginning"
"But I supposed that you did know.
You see l was conceited enough to
think that everyone at the church
saw me as well as the bride. didn't
know that you were not at the church.
You remembered the groom's shoes so
perfectly"
She colored slightly.
did you every hear the story" he
continued, "of the mother with five
sons all Of whom she wished to be
ministers? -Four of them obeyed her
wishes, but the fifth informed her that
he could not comply with her request.
why not asked the irats parent. Be
cause I am not good enough an
swered the son. Then be q Unitarian
minister, ordered the mother. Now,
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1900-10-20
Royal wedding aift..

.. Royal Wedding Gifts.
Queen Victoria's presents to Princess
Maria Of Hanover. who; was married
recently to Prince William Of Baden,
includes a magnificent silver tea ser.
vice, some crown Derby china, an In.
dian shawl and a collection Of photo.
graphs in a valuable case. The prince
Of Wales sent a butterfly In diamonds,
and the duke Of York and his sisters
gave their cousin q large silver basket
and four small ones. Princess Marie lie
said to have received nearly 1000 pres
.ents, including q superb set Of Jewels
from the Emperor Francis Joseph, and
jewels and valuable plate fsomsthe EN-.
peror and empress Of Russia.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1900-10-20
rhs. sh.h,. Peaeoek Threne

Among tha varied treasures Of the
Shah Of Persia, perhaps the Peacock
throne ought to- be accorded premier
place. The frame is entirely of silver.
and above 1t the CLEANS Of silver melt
into molten gold. Il is encrusted from
end to end and from top to bottom
with diamonds. The rug % (which the
Shah reposes is edged with amethysts,
and the pillow, on which 10 reclines
his imperial head IS htnged with
pearls. Some travellers. Sir Richard
Burton among them, have estimated
the value OF the Peacock throne 81
S~25.OO0.000. 4s'
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1900-10-20
The Entire Problem,

The Entire Problem; :
&. His Wife-They aresselling such,loye..
ly bric-a-brac!s
The Harlemite-WeM,i the first guess
tion Is. have we room Q IL: and b
second Is can we aftordsit?-P9aice33
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1900-10-20
EENGLISHSHERIFF
THE VISION soFsHIs GREATNESS.
AND GLORY.


h. FTOm tue IN. &k1.J M1T-
ror: About 10 O'Clock. Aug. 1, 1900,
Gen. streeter Of Concord, and the
writer stood upon the sidewalk OPP
|posite st. Georges hall, which is the
court house in Liverpool, Eng, and.
saw in front OF the great2stone edifce
a splendid coach drawn BY 3 pair Of
beautiful black horses whose gold
mounted harnesses cleaned through
the rich silk netting that hung over
them supporting the heavy tassels that
festooned their legs. On the panels Of
the door 81 the coach glistened the.
royal court Of arms. On the boxSsat q
driver, beside him a fdotman andSbe-
hind stood two outriders, all In full
uniform. In front of the team in
regular order were twelve tall and
stalwart. men uniformeds in long
cream-colored coats with red facings
and gilt buttons, short velvet pants
and top boots above which appeared
silk stockings and silver knee-buckles
and feathered hats which would chal-
lenge& the hot envy of.an Amoskeag
veteran. Each carried In his hand
some insignia Of authority, n q
spear, another a mace, and the others
various weapons. In front Of them
posed a trumpeter. When all was
ready the cortege moved solemnly
down the street toward the Adelphi
hotel.
Streeter and / followed on the side
walk, for he was agucst at that tav-
ern. When we approached the en-
trance the coach stood In. front and
the coachman and footman and outrid-
ers stood with folded arms on It. The
twelve guardsmen in cream colored
coats had cleared the passageway to
the hotel door, the hall and the broad
stairway leading down TO It and stood!
lined up, six on each side of the va
can't space. We made our way through
the crowd that had gathered about
and went toward the two spearmen,
who held the walk on that side and
majestically ordered III to Fall back,
fall back" and made a move as II to
spear us with their weapons. streeter
l0lA UaCh b 6I0Q VI WV 0Au Lie AAo
Yankee dander. rose and he said: 81
pay los a day for a room in the Adel-
phi, and I'm going to 1t II all the
queens army stands in the way Iie
went ahead. and I, considering how
thick he was and that the spear must
60 throughxh him before It hit me, fol-
lowed. The guardsmen, paralyzed by
his audacity, did not impale him and
We got safely In and took positions
behind the armed. gentlemen In uni-
form.
sisoon after there appeared on the top
Of the stairs another imposing char
acter in gorgeous accoutrements and
behind him a small man In q three
cornered hat, . black swallow-tailed
coat with gilt buttons marked ~. r."
a velvet vest similarly adorned, knee
breaches, black silk stockings and pat
emit leather shoes with silver buckles.
and the pair solemnly marched with
matectic tread down the stairway.
across the hall and out over the side
walk to the, coach. The usher opened
the door Of the carriage and the guards
s4tood with uncovered heads until the.
personages. In swallow-tails had enter
ed, when the trumpeter sounded an adj
vance, the guards fell ii behind, the
outriders resumed their places and the
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1900-10-20
Clever Old Man.

q CIeVef OId7M1n.l
She-well,5 Arthur; did YOU: tell dad
tfnt little fib about thes prospective
large salary YOU neutrality-suspicious.
ed yeu would soon.be earntng?s
He (gloomily)-M'yeR
sShe-Well?s !,
Y He borrowed a couDleso6fpcunds On
the spot!s--Puncllss
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1900-10-20
One. Girl,..

one. 6AfIA- WAeAOs0s.
. He-Do you. believerin ,matrina0nT on
the Observation-Disclosures plan?
she-Well, that depends Some
brands Of cheese would BARI ost the
kisses.-Chtcago Daily News
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1900-10-20

WI 4
The Colfax chronicle. [volume] (Colfax, Grant Parish, La.) 1877-1981, 1900-10-13
Feeding More Grain.

1t seems to us that the increased
yields in milk and butter, and the
earlier maturity and fattening of beef
during the past half century, or per-
haps, even more in the last quarter of
century, during which the most rap
id improvement has been made, have
just about kept pace with the increase
in amount of grain fed to dairy cows
and calves, and is to considerable ex-
tent due to more liberal feeding. It
is true that other causes have helped,
such as earlier cutting of hay and a
better knowledge of methods of mix
ing feeding rations, but these have
helped by inducing farmers to use
more grain. If we could obtain a
statement of the amount fed in some
of the grain and cattle-growings states,
and compare it with the amount used
25 years ago, we think it would be as
tonishing. and yet we can spare few
million bushels every year to feed
other nations.-Boston Cultivator.
The Colfax chronicle. [volume] (Colfax, Grant Parish, La.) 1877-1981, 1900-10-13

into stack for $3.50 per ton aid prop
erly cared fer, is of equal value to
what you would buy at $40 or SIP per
ton. When good land will yield, say
three tons OF hay worth $50 to the
acre, 1t seems the height of folly to
grow cotton where such land yields
but one bale of cotton for every three
to five acres.
With knowledge of this grass for
25 years, I could never advise it's de-
struction to grow cotton, if worth ten
cents per pound. In one case the con-
tinued decay of roots annually bcne-
fits the soil while cotton growing ex-
hausts it, which is shown by the MIL
lions of acres turned out in every
southern state, now growing taxes
only. Don't destroy your best friend.
Never make an enemy when you can
make q friend" 1t don't pay.-Cor.
Texas Farm and Ranch.
The Colfax chronicle. [volume] (Colfax, Grant Parish, La.) 1877-1981, 1900-10-13

The time is propitious for greater
diversity in southern farming and
manufacturing. New life is pulsating
through the land. Money is seeking
new lines of investment. Agricultural
lands are more in request and rising
in value. This is due to many causes
More people are seeking homes in the
south. The tide from the country to
the city is being reversed. 1t is be-
ginning to flow from the city to the
country. City positions are filled to
overlooking. Salaries are very low,
and the cost of living is constantly in
creasing.
Farm products are bringing better
prices. Country schools are being i'm
proved in every way. Better school
houses are being built and better
teachers employed. Hence the time is
here for the wide-awake southerner
to make money.
The great fruit crop should have
brought many more millions south.
All of it was rushed upon the market
as perishable fruit. This must be
consumed at once or lost. The rains
had made it too full of sap to keep.
A great deal rotted and did not pay
cost of handling and transportation.
We acted as ifonly fresh fruits were
needed. Canned and dried fruits and
vegetables are in constant demand all
the year round. If we had canned and
-evaporated half the southern fruit
crop, the other half would have
brought more money and this half
would have brought good profit.
How to sell is the question. We
should prepare our surplus for keep
ing. Cannerics and evaporators should
be built and ready for the next sea-
son. These can be utilized for vege-
tables as well as fruits. Again we
should not all run into the same chan
mel. Do not all plant fruit trees.
Study the list of city wants and pre-
pare to meet some of these. In this
way many can make money who are
now losing it.-Southern Cultivator.
The Colfax chronicle. [volume] (Colfax, Grant Parish, La.) 1877-1981, 1900-10-13
TO DESTROY JOHNSON GRASS,
II YOu Must XIII II Go About Il IN
the Proper Manner i'm the
Fall Of the Year.

AS the months of August and Sep.
TENDER are the best months to begin
this work, some of your readers may
wish destroy this grass upon their
farms here in Texas. There is always
right way and wrong way to do
everything. The wrong way is to at
tempt to kill it in the spring and sum-
n:er months. 1t can not be done. The
right way is as follows: In August
and September the sap returns to the
roots, the growth of summer being
ended. With strong team and two
horse plow, cultivate the ground to
the depth of six inches (eight if pos
sible), leaving the ridges as high as
your can. The sun will dry them out
and the exposed roots will be killed.
With strait-toothed harrow go cross
wise of the burrows, drawing the re-
naming roots cut off by the plow to
the surface by the pillow and the sun
will destroy them. johnson grass
roots cut off six or eight inches below
the surface will bleed and the lower
roots decay. Their life has gone out
and their death follows from natural
causes. When time for planting fall
grain, sow either wheat, barley, rye
or oats, pasture during the winter and
in the spring make hay of the crop.
Break up the stubble and broadcast
two bushels of cow peas to the acre.
In the fall make hay of them, or what
is still better, turn under the peas
while still green for fertilizer. Now
follow with any crop you choose, as
you will not be troubled any more
with johnson grass, if your work is
well done. Your hat will hold all the
roots you can gather on 20-acre
field. Now see what you have accom-
plished in ~ months. Deep blowing
has destroyed all the roots your pillow
has reached, the looseness of the
ground admits the frost in winter and
kills the roots it reaches, il any left;
you have good winter pasture, a good
crop CT hay from your grain, the cow
peas of great benefit as fertilizer,
your land the best cultivation it ever
had, the good effects of which will be
seen for years, and you have de-
stroyed the best friend (grass) the
farmer can have. have never known
any one with good meadow of this
grass TO break il up for growing of
cotton. Let me add, If scattered over
the land. add more seed at the rate of
40 pounds &c the acre, make meadow
for growing your winter hay; cut the
grass while in bloom; it makes the
best hay, unequalled by the best of
timothy. With such seeding the stalks
viii be fine, and on good land the yield
should be two tons to the acre of
each Of three cuttings per annum, and
no seed matured for spreading. With
Ne modern machinery yeu can put
The Colfax chronicle. [volume] (Colfax, Grant Parish, La.) 1877-1981, 1900-10-13
HERE AND THERE.

Every farmer should study farm
ing. He should at once dismiss all
thought of discomfort upon the farm,
all desire to change. Decide to stay
on the farm and make the farm a
place to stay on. The cities are too
full already.
"A little timely forethought will
enable us to have vegetables all the
time. If you have not already done
SO, begin at once and prepare and
plant vegetables for fall garden.
The only thing needed is to try.
Corn should be dried before gath
cred, and if to be stored in the ear
should be put up with about moisture
enough to rot one or two ears in a
hundred. 1t will then undergo heat
that will kill insect larvae or eggs,
and does not injure the grain.
"A poultry journal skilled in the
use of heroic figures says there were
500, 000, 900 chickens raised in the Unit
ed States last year and they laid IT,
100000 eggs. Remember that all such
estimates are only guesses, as no
Se"eiSeASc OAA eAS ouOJSCt dHc dSdlld-
bic.
Alabama farmers purchased GO
per cent. more fertilizers for the first
four months of this year than for the
corresponding time in 1899. This is
shown by the number of fertilizer
tags sold, as officially reported, being
1,433,000 against $4,000 last season.
Thousands of idle and discontent-
ed people in the towns and cities
should go out and settle down on a
farm. There is room. There is plen-
ty there. peace and happiness to be
found upon the farm which can not
be found in the city life.
Habit is very powerful. both for
good and evil. Good habits are often
stronger than will-power and teHpta-
ton. The same is true of bad habits.
The habit of planting farm gardens
in spring is a good habit. The habit
OF not planting in fall is bad one.
Alfalfa, crimson clover and bur
clover may all be sown as soon as the
ground is ready. For bur clover the
ground is always ready unless preoc-
cupied by some other crop. 1t can be
sown on pasture sod, and when it gets
ready It will find it's way to thsground
and germinats and grow
The Colfax chronicle. [volume] (Colfax, Grant Parish, La.) 1877-1981, 1900-10-13
FARMER AND PLANTER.
TOP NOTCH FARMING.
Some of the Essentials to strictly
Top Notch Farmi-g Plainly
- P0lntcd Out.


The top notch in farming. Where il
~! Has anyone ever reached it? W;!l
anyone ever do SO? AS in every other
KIND of business, there is a point OF
: excellency in farming which may be
called top notch" By this is meant
q degree of success in all branches OF
the profession beyond which no one
has yet gone, but towards which all
may aspire. just where does that
Point of excellence lie?
In my opinion the top notch farmer
is he who keeps his farm well, so that
his farm may in return keep him well.
The boundaries of his farm are clear
~ defined and marked by good sub
stantial fences. Within the line of
FENCES on the premises of the top
notch farmer the various fields arc
laid out Systematically, and separated
from each other by well-kept cross
FENCES. AT no season of the year are
his cattle allowed to run upon the
meadow land. Everywhere there is an
air OF trim neatness which gives one
the impression that matters are al
ways well in the hands of the owner.
The buildings are also trim, neat and
comfortable. They may not be lux
u1ous, but they show signs of care.
They are painted when they ought to
be. The house has it's lawn, with
shrubs and flowers in their season.
The barns are always in good repair
mo Tapping boards or slamming
blinds or doors. The cattle are COM
fortably housed in winter, and at all
times of the year the stock enjoy iy-
ing in the yard. 1t is home-like pic
ture.
Then. the top notch former never
lacks for plenty of good feed for man
and beast. He never sells hay from
the farm, preferring rather to feed it
all out on the place. His granary con-
tains stuff enough to carry his horses,
COWS and sheep safely through the
longest winter. If he must buy any
thing in the line of feed he does so at
the season when it may he had at the
best advantage. He is not buying
bran in the winter time or meal in the
spring. He has seen to it that his bins
are well supplied in August or Sep
TENDER. His cows are not vainly try
ing to find shelter on the leeward
side of fence when the wind is blow
ing a hurricane and the mercury is
hunting the bottom of the thermom-
eter. They are all snug in the barn,
chewing their cuds and thanking their
owner for his consideration, and
showing their thankfulness by good !
returns at milking time.
The top notch farmer has his work |
done in time. Pity the farmer whose |
work keeps him on the run from
years end to years end. The ton
notch farmer finishes his days work |
before dark, and SO has time to sit |
down and find out what has been go
ing on in the world around him be-
fore bedtime. Sowing, reaping, every
thing is done when it ought to BEL
Cor. Droyers' Journal.
The Colfax chronicle. [volume] (Colfax, Grant Parish, La.) 1877-1981, 1900-10-13
Too Much Rlak.

"Mrs. Virgins" remarked the min
lister, 1--WE wish you would let your
daughter join the choir"
"Oh, couldn't think of it," was the
reply. 'Minnie has such sweet dis
position and j don't want to spoil her."
Ohio State Journal.
The Colfax chronicle. [volume] (Colfax, Grant Parish, La.) 1877-1981, 1900-10-13
OhliRfuR.

Mrs. Ycungwife-I want five pounds
Of sugar, please.
Dealer--Yes, ma'am; shall l send it
for you?
mo, I'll take it with me if it isn't too
heavy"
I'll make it as light as possible for
you, ma am."-Philadelp Press.
The Colfax chronicle. [volume] (Colfax, Grant Parish, La.) 1877-1981, 1900-10-13
wIIfuIIy Mi.uuder.tooa-

Mrs. rongmind-Women would not
be the blind slaves of party. They
would be quite ready to scratch candi-
dates.
Prof. Sneers--Shouldn't wonder. /
suppose they would even use hat pins
Brooklyn Life.
The Colfax chronicle. [volume] (Colfax, Grant Parish, La.) 1877-1981, 1900-10-13
A Clnshnt Arma

Marie-How dye do, Isabel? Iwoulo
have spoken sooner, but didn't know
you.
Young Woman Who Resembles Isa-
bel-Beg pardon; my names not Isa-
bel, so you don't know me yet.--Chica-
go Record.
The Colfax chronicle. [volume] (Colfax, Grant Parish, La.) 1877-1981, 1900-10-13

The above picture
26h Of
recent letter from R. Gordon
O., readsa sf = - - - - -"
It. is with satisfaction that find
has been troubled with catarr childhood and
than she could bear The dropping night
and . the many remedies used in vain we had TO-
benefit her. and confidently look for complete and entire
much bestow
Address
The Colfax chronicle. [volume] (Colfax, Grant Parish, La.) 1877-1981, 1900-10-13

The Best Prescription for Chills
and Fever is a bottle of GROVES TAsrELEss
CHILL Tonic. tits simply iron and quinine In
Atasteless form. No cure-no pay. Price,5Oc,
The Colfax chronicle. [volume] (Colfax, Grant Parish, La.) 1877-1981, 1900-10-13

Two more frescoes are about to be added
to the interior of the Royal Exchange, Lon
don, to commemorate the mayoralty of Sir
Alfred j. Newton. The subject of one paint
ing is the sealing of the Magma Charta by
King John, and is the work of Mr.. Ernest
Normand. The second pictures the presenta-
ton of doles of bread to the poor in the days
OF the great Dick Wilmington. Mrs. Nor.
The Colfax chronicle. [volume] (Colfax, Grant Parish, La.) 1877-1981, 1900-10-13

It is better to make mistakes in irving
than to make the mistake of not trying at
all.--Ram's Horn.
The Colfax chronicle. [volume] (Colfax, Grant Parish, La.) 1877-1981, 1900-10-13
A Disquieting Thought.

Disquieting Thought.
The bird sits moping on the bough,
And takes 1t rather i'll
That he, forsooth. Is killed to dress
The girl that dressed to kill
Detroit Journal