davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Chanute times. [volume] (Chanute, Kan.) 1897-1913, 1900-11-02
POSTOFFICE DEPARTMENT.
Rural Free Delivery a Benefit
to Farmers.

Rural free mail delivery is the most
striking extension Of postal facilities
brought about in the last four years. On
June /, 1900, there were / 200 rural SER
vices in actual operation. and 1900 APP
plications for an extension Of the sys-
tenn then in process Of establishment.
The appropriations for the rural free
delivery service have been increased from
$1,000 in the fiscal year 1878 to $780,
600 in 1889, then 10 $4,000 in 1899
1900, and lastly to S1,T50, 900 for the
present fiscal year 1900-190l.
Three years experience has shown
that in well-Selectcd rural districts the
mails can be distributed to the domiclcs
of the addresses or in boxes placed with
in reasonable distance of the farmers
home at some crosSroad or other conven-
lent spot at cost per piece not exceed
ing the free delivery in many cities.
Done by the Republicans.
1t was Republican administration
that conceived and executed the idea Of
Frightening the home of the farmer, ed
ucating his children. increasing the value
of his land. compelling the improvement
of the roads, and bringing him news Of
the markets and of the weather. so as TO
secure him better price for his crops
by delivering his daily mail to him on
his farm.
EVERY DEMOCRATIC HOUSE OF
REPRESENTATIVES, SINCE THE
IDEA WAS FIRST BROACHED OF
CARRYING THE MAILS INTO THE
RURAL DISTRICTS HAS DECLAR-
ED AGAINST TT. THE FORTY
THIRD CONGRESS-, WITH A DEMO
Graf FROM NORTH CAROLINA
AS CHAIRMAN OF THE COMMIT
TEE on POSTOFFICES AND POST
ROADS. PROCLAIMED THE PLAN
IMPOSSIBLE AND TURNED 1T
DOWN. POSTMASTER GENERAL
WILSON AND FIRST ASSISTANT
POSTMASTER GENERAL JONES.
IN THE CLEVELAND ADMINS
TRATION. ALL TOOK UP THE CRY
OF EXTRAVAGANCE AND RIPOS-
SIBIL1TI OF EXECUTION.
Consequently little or nothing was
done 10 give the farmers access TO the
mails until Cleveland went out OF once.
When First Assistant Postmaster Gen
crsl Perry $. Heath took mp the rural
free delivery service under the direction
OF the President and the Postmaster
General, In March. 1897, il was lam
gushing TO the point Of extinguishment,
and In a few months more would have
been starved to death.
They at once Ernsped lis possibilities
and advocated its immediate develop
ment. and Republican Congress Erner-
ously seconded their efforts. Under their
vivifying touch il has grown until there
i now MOI = State IN the liniou thsi has
not felt the civiliEinE aud educational in
nnence OF the rural free mail delivery.
and not one that does not d>srs q FOR.
her expansion.
The Chanute times. [volume] (Chanute, Kan.) 1897-1913, 1900-11-02

stration In favor of the public credit, and
it showed to other nations the tremendous
resources which the people OF the United
States were able TO command almost at
moments notice. The success Of the war
loan had an effect, both at home and
abroad, scarcely less important than
were the naval victories at Manila and
Santiago.
Pacific Railroad Indebtedness.
The settlement OF the Pacific Railroad
Indebtedness is also 10 be ranked as one
Of the greatest achievements OF Presi-
dent McKinley's administration. This
Indebtedness had for years been sub
iect OF fruitless endeavor; all Efforts,
either by Congress or the executive de-
partments prior TO 1897, were OF little
avail In protecting the governments in
terest In these roads; In fact, there were
grave doubts whether the government
would succeed In being reimbursed, even
in part. the vast sum expended by the
United States in aid OF their construction.
Yet the Mckinley administration. by
frm and business-like coursc, achieved
great success.
Out OF an Indebtedness OF shout S130.-
OO0.OO0. more than one-hslf Of which
consisted Of accrued interest. the govern
ment realised, in cash or its equivalent.
the sum OF sl24.s2i.6s0.o5 within = pe-
riod Of less than two years.
The Chanute times. [volume] (Chanute, Kan.) 1897-1913, 1900-11-02
WAR AND NAVY DEPARTMENTS

n nj in oyan'hs
armngd md vanh
pi
n
her volunteers Their by
United srgnd mi regime
npp
nHSed ad rnSei hr
they various afd pstman nd3
r
Id roh ne p
for n h OIL my ships an
secured Of
vd OF
In to d o h
rnanrr~ nOmh Treasury DEPARTING y
lnrsdOuh Nisc OF II
hall2 yssd A naval
men
z'"
The Chanute times. [volume] (Chanute, Kan.) 1897-1913, 1900-11-02
WHAT THE MCKINLEY ADMINISTRATION HAS DONE.
THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE.

kft h Dp
Hawaiian nd
anbdlan b.
nrt gnnwhhm TOT sovereign
West al
s I
extend dg
nfrmEme Fd
Secretary
GrB al
Ibis Congress- 5
that e
The disposition o.
hofp hlaunopc
brnta
The Chanute times. [volume] (Chanute, Kan.) 1897-1913, 1900-11-02
Summary Of the Achievements in the De-
partments at Washington.
PLEDGES KEPT AND PROMISES FULFILLED
Unprecedented Results Accomplished in Every Department Of
the Government Since March 4th, 1897.

in the Republican platform
whc Mex was esctcd
TIC place he money a
e. To form Damaging Wilson tariff protect
and labor
The Toni Octri n IN
To maint ain q dignned foreign policy with
American control of he n
Lancaster enterprise. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1891-1905, 1900-02-28
q ,ANsIxsIs. oF oF:FERTIlazERs
Text OF the New Act in Regard to
the Subject. i

= Mr.. Ashley failed TO Aget the
senate to pass has bill reducing
the privilege tax on fertilizers to
10 cents a ton. But he was more
successful with his bill to provide
that a purchaser of chemical ter,
tilizers may have the same an
alyzed of cost at Clemson college.
The act, which was approved
by the governor of the 10Th,
reads:
Section /. Be it enacted by the
general assembly of the State of
South Carolina:
That from and after the pas.
sage of this act, any citizen OF
this State who shall purchase any
commercial fertilizers or ma.
nures, shall have the right to
have the same analysed by Glenn
son Agricultural and Mechanical
college, by taking sample of
same from at least 10 per cent. of
such fertilizers in the presence of
at least two disinterested wit.
nesses, one to be chosen by the
purchaser and one by the seller,
who shall certify that such sample
was taken from such fertilizers
or manures, which certific ate,
with the sample, shall be sealed
by a third disinterested party in
the presence of said witnesses,
and directed to Clemson Agricul
tural and Mechanical college.
Sec. 2. The said college shall
have the said sample analyzed
free Of cost, and within three
months after receiving the sam
ple supply the purchasers of such
fertilizers or manures with a Ger.
tificate giving the per cent. of the
Lancaster enterprise. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1891-1905, 1900-02-28

different fertilizing ingredients
of same, signed by the chemist of
Clemson Agricultural and Me.
chanical college, which certificate
shall be admissible as evidence
in all suits relative to such fertil-
izers or manures, whether the
same be instituted by the vendor
or purchaser of same.
Sec. 3. That any vendor of com
mercial fertilizers or manures
whose goods or wares fall short to
the extent of 10 per cent. in any
fertllizing Ingredient guaranteed
by the analysis on the sack or
vessel holding same, when de-
livered to the purchaser, shall
forfeit one.half the sale price
thereof, to be recovered by suif
or set up as ounter-claim to at
action for the purchase price on
such fertilizers or manures.
Sec. 4. Be it further enacted :
Ihat II any seller or vendor OF
fertilizers or com mercial manures
shall refuse, decline or neglect to
choose a witness, as provided in
section 1, after having been noti-
fed or requested by the purcb ser
so to do, then he or they shall
have forfeited their right so to do,
and the purchaser shall select
two witnesses, who shall select
the third witness, who shall pro
ceed to take samples as hereinbe.
fore provided. All samples of fer
tilizers drawn under the provis.
ions of this act shall be subject to
such other rules as may be pre-.
scribed by the board of trustees
of Clemson college, not inconsist.
ent with this act.
Sec. 5. All acts and parts of
acts inconsistent with this act be-
and the same are hereby, re.
pealed.
Lancaster enterprise. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1891-1905, 1900-02-28
Blood Cure Sent Free.

By addressing Blood Balm Co. 3S4
Michel Street, Atlanta, Ga, any En-
terprise reader may obtain q sample
bottle Of their famous b. B. BIO
tanic Blood Balm, the greatess, gram
dest, best and strongest Blood Rem
edy made. Cures when all else fails,
pimples, ulcers, scrofula, eczema, boils,
blood poison, eating sores, distressing
skin eruptiona, cancer, catarrh. rheu-
matism. Free medical advice INDUCED
when description of your trouble is
given. This generous offer is worth
while accepting. Sample bottle sent
all charges prepaid. Large bottles,
containing nearly n quart of med
icine) for sale by all druggists at 81
per bctt tie: p. =, 3. is always ahead ~
ss sss yoa assSs.s. S.y ( .,,anJ ms 3s;,ssr asas
Lancaster enterprise. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1891-1905, 1900-02-28

o. E Fleming aud r. =. Bah.
ington, Vice -pfeside dents
>. g. Mills, treasurer.
Executive Committee. 1Js w.
Simpson,, Spartanburg; f.. 4,
Moore, Dillon, Sc: j. A. Hell.
vim, Charlotte; DR.. M. O. Hunter,
Stanley Greek; A. @. Shuford
Newton
Attorneys; j. S. Brice, York.
vile, s. q and T. @. Guthrie
Charlotte, N. @.
Electricians: f. @. Manning
Sumter, S. O., and q. 4. Brad.
shaw, Charlotte, N. @.
Lancaster enterprise. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1891-1905, 1900-02-28
Mr.,
asssasazsa,S
+ E.E@ @g2Ggg
are everyWhGses

are everyWsaGss'es
Every woman knows
some WOs,,aEt fs'keFsss WHO
has been helped by Lydia
e. PIssksssssss's VegeEa5Ie
C0sz,p0unsss SGs,GG does
this friend say abogsf M2
Read the letters from
women being published iss
this paper. E yoS are
aNissg, &Dss't try e%vesS-
s,1enfs. Rely Gso she s'eiEa-
Die.
Mrs. Pis,Erhar,e's great
saseGsiCine mas S&s70S WITH
out a Deer for tbSrfY
years.
PuxSSe@ woEesass write to
Mrs. Pia4lssasss for ssvEce
which she gives without
charge. Tire ars~kce is
confidential ana socsss,aGss=
II has hei,2ed a million wc-
men, Ms~Ss PfhKhaHn's
address, is Eysssay HSsass.
Lancaster enterprise. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1891-1905, 1900-02-28
Notice.!

TIME County Board of Equalization
l. will meet at the Court House, 3D.
Tuesday in March, Goth inst, 1900, for
the purpose of hearing all grievances,
IL any, from the valuations made by
the Township Boards of Assessors.
M. G.. GARDNER,
Sup. and Chm'n. Co. Board of Equal
iZation.
Feb. q, 1900.
Lancaster enterprise. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1891-1905, 1900-02-28
Our Two Senators.
From The Yorkville Yeoman.

Senator Tillman is justly re
garded by many as one of the
strongest men the South has in
the senate today, and many think
him the most efficient representa-.
tive the South has had in that
body since the war. Contrary to
the expectations of many who
have been politically opposed to
him, he has won the respect, if
not the admiration, of his col
leagues in the senate. He yields
to none in his readiness in debate,
able to hold his own against the
best of them. Sarcasm and irony
are particularly effective in his
hands. He dispises vacillation and
inconsistency. 1t was, no doubt,
on account of this-and goaded
on by the direct charge of Sena-
tor Albert j. Beveridge, of Indi
ana, that the blood of American
soldiers shed in the Philippines
was on the hands of those sena.
tors and others who opposed the
annexation of the islands-that
in his Philippine speech Gas pub
lished in this paper last week)
he made the scornful reference to
McLaurin in words of such un
doubted import, though his name
was not mentioned, no one could
mistake it. Here are the exact
words:
eff you want my opinion as to hose
hands are red with the blood of Amer
lean soldiers, and Of tens Of thousands
Of Filipinos--men, women and children
who have been slaughtered like cat
tie, look around and call to mind the
men who made those strong and elo-
quent pleas, those earnest protests on
this floor in opposition to the treaty,
and even gave personal pledges to their
fellows as to how they would vote.
Those are the men who, whether from
corruption or from weakness or both,
gave the president the legal excuse
which he needed to prosecute the war"
was "A terrible casligation, as
all our readers who remember The
debates in the senate prior TO The
ratification of the Spanish Amer
lean treaty of peace, recall that
Senator John l.. McLaurin made
one of the most eloquent speeches
against the treaty. And yet,
when the vote came, less than a
month later, he surprised those
opposed 10 The treaty, and the
Democrats, especially, by voting
for il with the Mckinley crowd
l. IS evident that Senator Tillman
,loeo no, regard Senator McIaurin
as reliable Democrat. Looking
back ward now, after a lapse OF
the few years that have inter
yened, we recall an incident here
in our own York court house
when DR.. Il. j. Strait, a man
whom everyone in sober moments
knew was as "strait as O shingle"
was howled down for attempting
to state that he knew McLaurin
to be political renegade and had
evidence - to substantiate the
charge. Our people were madly
infatuated and would listen to
neither truth nor reason. But the
opportunities that the electors of
the State. conferred upon Nc.
Laurin and time have enabled the
senator to proye by his own acts
that what Doctor Strait said was
true and the accuser is avenged.
Circumstances have proven that
even SO intelligent people as
those of York county can be de-
ceived by a charlatan in politics.
Lancaster enterprise. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1891-1905, 1900-02-28

Mre. J. X. Miller, Newton Hamilton, Penna,
writes, II think DeWitts Witch Hazel Salve
the gran dest salve made" Is cures piles and
heals everything. All fraudulent limitations
are worthless. Crawford Bros. d-w-s
Lancaster enterprise. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1891-1905, 1900-02-28

=, seems -tospeT;
count of ammuMtY Company
,hich the British hav .pb
sscertaining. The Boo Smasson
ell supplied .9 Hendersonville
asFtaka-tc.stapany, by w. S.
<eofter.
Pee Dee aws Transfer Com
ANY, j. I.SDunlap.
concord Telephone Company,
VI. d. Cotrane.
sRutherfordton Telephone Com.
Sany, by j. G. Mills.
Queen City Telephone Com
any, by j. A. Kelvin.
Gastonia Telephone Company,
R. B. Babington.
ftizen's Telephone Company,
&El FiemiDgk
Shelby Telep1 Pne ComEonH,
"a. w. Erskri AA
Independent EifeS by w. G..
troctor.
tho hooIilS WaSSalleu 10 Or
er by Mr.. j G. Mills, of Ruth
fordton, who had been elected
iairman. Addresses of welcome
ere made by Mr. s. Wittkowsky,
esident of the Charlotte Cham
VI of Commerce, and Hon. j. ID.
sCall, mayor of the city, and
use were appropriately replied
by Messrs. w. B. Moore, of
orkville, and j. A. Martin, of
lckory, respectively.
The name adopted for the as
ciation is the Independent Tel
fshone Association of the Carroll.
The officers are to be a pres.
nt,two Nice Presidents, q sec
ayN reasuY .nsf nd an execu-
9 coMmitteei SsS electricians
ID two attorneys ar5ehlso pro-
ax.>Any persoher Corpora,
go operating an exchange of 25
osmore 'phones or toll line of
10 or more miles is elegible to
Wbership.
-, following officers we're
&ssrsyill., gks..,
Lancaster enterprise. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1891-1905, 1900-02-28
LANCASTER 81 CHESTER 4
RAILWAY.
Between Chester and Lancaster.
Schedule in Effect Dec IL, 1892 q
Daily EGceDt S,t,sday.
Schedule No. A.

No. n, leaving Lancaster $50 a.,p,. makeS
close sconnectton at Chester With Southern
and Scaoosfds I3ne, ~. Al tapta, Specais for
and intermediate points, and Southern Rail
way No 3S for C9|upsia and points south, ~
r Nn ~ lehving Chester 10 o3la.slusS connects
points south; Seaboard Air Zine |sAtianta Spe-
cial' from Northern ana Eastern points and
Southern Ry, No. 80 from Northern and East.
for Biacksburg. g ~ 5
No 49, leaving Lancaster. A 00p. M. connects
at Lancaster with SO g. q lE from Camden
and Marion, SouthernIsy. No. a al Chester for
Charlotte and pointsnorth. y
No. 10, leaving Chester $40 p M. connects NJ
Columbia and points south q. :, :.
LEROY SPRINGS,
>. M. HEATH, PRESIDENT.
Gen1. Pas. Agent. :.
Albuquerque daily citizen. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1895-1903, 1900-08-06

ID, LEE,

Attorney at Law,
SoconO, New Mexico,
Prompt attention given to collections snt
patents for mines,
Albuquerque daily citizen. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1895-1903, 1900-08-06
eeeHlV MINING NEWS.
improvements Contemplated at Abe
msrie-The Iron King Mine.

Improvements Contemplated at Abe
marle-TheI Iron King Mine.
From the Herald.
The Navajo Gold Mining Company
has awarded a contract for 800 cords
Of wood to Van Allen 4 Schoonover. to
be delivered al the cir compressor in
Pine canyon
The work of drifting in the third
level OF the Lone Star Is progressing
nicely under the management OF Buck
& shipley, the contractors. Double
shifts are being employed and mighty
good ore is being extracted.
Duncan Mcvichey. superintendent OF
the Golden Gate mine at Murcur. Utah,
and also the general manager Of the
De Lamar property in Nevada, Utah
and Idaho, is among the number Of
mineralogists i'm the Cochiti district.
He is looking over the mines and pros
poets.
o. w Weller, one of the directors OF
the Cochiti Gold Mining company. and
acting in the position OF general mana
Ger during the absence OF o p. Posey
In France. will arrive here in a few
days TO inspect the Albcmarle mill and
mine. 1t is rumored that some lmpor-
tant improvements will be started in
the district in the near future.
Thursday afternoon Squire Smith
left here with all kinds of provisions.
tools. etc. bound for the Santa Fe
mountains. where he will do some de-
velopment work on a claim recently To-
Gated by him and Warren Reynolds
and Cyrus Smith. The mine was OPP
en- 4 by a ten-foot open cut. and a
large quantity OF is per cent copper
was discovered. The rock also con-
tains some silver and a little iron. II
is understood chat the gentlemen are
not going to perform their annual as
sessment work now. but will open up
the mine at various places to ascertain
the actual worth of the property. MIR.
Smith says IL It turns out satisfactory
he will stay with II forever.
AT the present time extensive devel-
opment work Ia being carried on in the
Iron King mine by Contractors George
c. Smith and John Carpenter. These
gentlemen secured a contract in April
to drive a drift in a southerly direction
fr ~ the bottom of the old Rucker
shaft, on the west side OF the gulch,
and until recently have had a force of
men employed. They began work at
the HANGING wall OF the west and have
crossed the lead diagonally to the foot
wall on the east. II Is the intention to
drift to a point beneath a forty-hve
foot winze at the mouth of the tunnel
in the old workings, where an uprise of
seventy-hve feet viii be made. The
workmen have not the most desirable
position now in the camp. but when the
underground connection il made. the
circulation OF air will be proper. and
they can work double shifts without
any inconvenience. The Iron King mine
has been opened by shafts. tunnels and
drifts, altogether about 1900 feet OF
work having been accomplished. The
present contract calls for n drift 4x3h-
x6iR feet in the clear. A large amount
OF high grade ore is being hoisted daily
by a Common Sense whlm md piled up-
on h dump. This ore will be treated
at the new mill at Woodbury. when the
structure is completed.
Albuquerque daily citizen. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1895-1903, 1900-08-06
no NIXON M MAY CONCERN.

l, j. N. Warner, V. s., do
hereby certify that l have made
thorough examination OF the cows
OF the l.. u, Albers dairy for tu-
berculosls. l inc them free of disease
and grade as follows: Holsteins. sixty
four head, color black and white. this
includes the original mixers and their
increase; Durhams, eight head-six col
ors, red, two color brown; Jersey, one.
not dehOrned. All the others are de-
horned. All are tagged that are in pres
ent milking; tags range in numbers
from No. / to forty-six. The usual test
for tuberculosis failed in the develop
ment Of any symptoms. l therefore GER
tify as above stated that said cows ars
free from disease.
j. n. WARNER, v. S.
Sworn 10 nd subs ribed before me this
ilth day OF July, A. ID. 1900.
(Seal.) JOHN NJ. MOORE,
Notary Public. Albuquerque, N. NJ.
MIX drinkers, drink milk from
healthy cows.
ALBERS' DIARY.
Albuquerque daily citizen. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1895-1903, 1900-08-06
LAS VEGAS lAsoslcs.
From the Optic,

From the Optic.
The liote child of j. X. Martin. who
was taken TO Chicago for treat ment
for her foot. ~ doing nicely.
The Bryan and Stevenson club in
this city now has $50 members. At the
meeting this week prominent democrats
have promised to speak.
An injunction suit has been Instituted
by l.. Il. Young against A. T.. Young,
restraining him from selling or ac-
counting cattle OF the circle Y brand.
DR.. +. c. Ahlers. the departed dentist,
did not leave matters here In as fine
condition as he would probably have
done, had he succeeded better in his
profession.
A large wool clip has arrived In this
city from Valencia county, the owners
OF the same openly declaring that the
Las Vegas market is much better than
he found in Albuquerque. Not a very
stiff market here, either. No where now.
you know.
A. NJ. Rork. NJ. u. c., an inspector
from the bureau of animal industry,
was at the Castenada hotel Friday,
leaving for his hearuuarters in Trini-
dad. Colo, on an afternoon train. He
said to an Optic reporter who called
on him that II was emphatically the
governments Intention to stop the
movement Of sheep affected with 'scab-
les from N state or territory into
another. II is now required that sheep
suspected to be In that condition be
examined by a government inspector.
for whose services no charges are made.
When Il Is FOUND that sheep are affected
they must either be cured or they can
be shipped, after having been dipped
under government supervision. There
are " classes OF clippings. one for
muttons to be Immediately shipped and
another for feeders.
Albuquerque daily citizen. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1895-1903, 1900-08-06
The ALASKA REFRIGERATORs are
the best ON the market whitney Co.

The Cerrillos smelter, which had been
closed down in order that the sampline
house might be removed to another To-
cation, thus making room for addition
al ore bins, will resume active opera
lions about Sept. /, though purchases
of ore are being made daily.
The lei Paso Times says; Col. Robert
$. Goss, of Albuquerque, N. NJ. was an
ARRIVAL at Zeiger's yesterday. For eight
or ten yearsColonel Goss conducted the
military institute at Albuquerque that
bore his anne. He is on his way to
Fort Worth TO locate.
During our building sale especially
low prices will prevail on everything we
have in stock. Call on us for anything
In the line of mems or boys wear and
we car save you some money. Simon
Stern, the Railroad avenu clothier.
The ortiz mine in the Dolores district,
north of This city, has resume opera
lions, after a short close down on ae-
count Of the deauh of a director II tho
company operating the gold property,
Ladies' kid ~gloves-every pair guar
~anteed-one dollar per pair. Rosenwsld
Bros.
Lap robes from 40 cents each and up
at Albert Faber's, Grant building.
Old papers for sale at The Citizen
oniea
Matthews Jersey milk; try It.
Albuquerque daily citizen. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1895-1903, 1900-08-06

Tea, Several hundred ccmpositons
have been already received from Ameri-
can musicians all over the country.
These viii be played 30 Herr Strauss.
who wnl select the most deserving for
performance during the tournee, and
they win be duly announced at each
concert. Interesting features OF the
programs are, the performance of Sc
lections from the operas and dance mu-
sic of the great Johann Strauss. the
waltz king" the first introduction to
the American public of a waltz COM
posed by the three brothers, Johann.
Josef and Bduard Strauss; also the first
performance Of a waltz expressly CON-
posed by Herr Strauss as a compliment
to the American people. The great
band win appear In this city in jan
uary next, and due notice will be given
in these columns.