davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1900-03-15
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1ssaac ARDEN
HOW TO HANDLE BEES.

A Beekeeper's Ideas of Safe and Sat-
isfactory Ways.
The prospective beekeeper will natu-
rally be interested in "how to handle
bees" A theory of the operation is
thus set forth by a writer in Rural
New Yorker: To become familiar with
the habits and life Of the honeybee in
an Intelligent and practical way 1t Is of
course necessary to use a movable
frame hive of some sort. In order to
meet their needs we must know what
is going on inside the hive. When bees
are in the field gathering honey or
when swarming, they will never yolun-
teer an attack, because they are then
filed with honey, but when their little
home is molested they will then act in
self defense and resent the attack. 1t
Is therefore necessary to use a smoker
of some kind. Before opening hive
send in a few puffs of smoke at the en-
trance to alarm them. and they will
Immediately rush for the combs and
fill themselves with honey.
After smoking them it is well to wait
a minute or two that they may gorge
themselves. The cover can then be
lifted off and a little more smoke blown
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1900-03-15

nOtlce. AFTER all, quallty ana navOr
are not everything In an apple. But
there is much confiiction of opinion in
regard to Bismarck, lavish praise and
condemnation being about equal
"Its quality certainly does not COM
mend 1t very highly as dessert APP
pie, but strong point in it's favor is it's
early bearing, and this point may de-
velop to be one of considerable impor-
lance. According to reports from Eng
land, Bismarck apple is a very profita-
BILE one for the London market, and it
may therefore be worthy of attention
by some of our fruit growers who raise
for export" So says American Gar
dening and. quotes the following from
an English exchanges: .
"From the prices realized for it in
the public markets it deserves all that
can be written in it's favor. We have
often urged upon growers the necessi-
ty of going in for large. fine colored
apples, such as the one under notice
1t is not only very large, but it carries
a beautiful color and when put up in
an effective manner commands a ready
sale and in quantity. 1t is a late va
riety-that improves it, in our opinion.
When a late high grade apple like this
can be obtained. it should be planted
freely, for the demand and prices
which prevail when supplies are OBJ
tainable prove this clearly.
Bismarck is large in every respect.
1t is veritable giant fruit in size, and
its cropping properties are gigantic. 1t
is, in fact, one of the heaviest fruiting
late apples we have. and as such. all
other points considered. it may safely
be termed one of the finest apples in
cultivation. The tree is a healthy and
strong grower. For market purposes
it is well suited, and If carefully grown
the fruit put up in one and two layer
boxes = preferably the former = will
command a free. sale at good prices.
Sold thus 1t insures a demand from a
well to do class Of retail fruiterers."
To those who are interested in grow
ing fruits in pots under glass the illus
tration presented by American Garden
ing will appeal strongly as showing the
possibilities of the Bismarck. This
fruit weighed full ii ounces The we'll
known private gardener by whom it
was grown said In regard to this va
riety Of apple:
'"The tree has a tendency to COM
pactness In habit and therefore can
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1900-03-15

in on top of the frames, and the bees
will adhere nicely to the combs. With
screwdriver or tack pulier the division
board can be removed and the combs
pried apart and one by one examined
without danger of being stung.
In an apiary where there are many
bees flying it is always best to be on
the safe side and wear a veil, but
gloves are unnecessary and cumber-
some. A beehive should not be pulled
apart every few days for mere curiosi-
ty, but should be examined occasional
ly to ascertain the needs Of the bees
and condition. If the colony is weak,
it can be strengthened by adding a
frame or two Of sealed brood taken
from some other colony strong enough
to spare 1t. 1t is well to select one
kind Of hives and frame, so that all the
furniture of the hives will be inter-
changeable, and not have two or three
kinds Of hives in the apiary, which will
surely cause a great deal of vexation
and annoyance.
Bees should always be handled very
gently. They seem to dislike quick,
jerky movements. In early spring or
autumn, when the days are cool, it is
prudent not to open the hives until
near midday, when the field bees will
then be out gathering honey. On cloudy
or rainy days it is best not to open
hives, for the field bees are then at
home and are cross, being deprived Of
the privilege Of gathering the precious
nectar.
At night is the very worst time to
modest bees, as some pilfering persons
have found out to their sorrow. 1t is
true that bees do not fly at night, but
they crawl and sting. By injudicious
handling bees can be made very irrita-
BILE and cross, SC that they will sting
everybody near and far and will re-
main angry and vicious for weeks.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1900-03-15
News and Notes.

Of the agricultural exports from the
United States to Europe during 1S94-S
nearly 62 per cent went to the United
Kingdom. Germany received 14.7 per
cent, France rs per cent, the Neither
lands 40 per cent, Belgium per cent,
Italy "a per cent, Spain LII per cent
and Denmark per cent.
In an Ontario trial of three varieties
of millet-Japanese panicle, Japanese
barnyard and Hungarian grass pani-
Gle headed the list with a yield of GA
tons per acre of green hay.
Angora goat raising appears to be
finding much favor in southwest Tex
as, as well as in Washington and Ore
gon.
The Stone, Paragon, Ten Ton, Cum
berland Red and Perfection tomatoes
ire all varieties that have been grown
with advantage for canning factories.
Ginseng is getting scarce in wild
state, and as much as $4.75 per pound
has been recently paid. 1t is now being
proitably cultivated.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1900-03-15
Extra EARLY Potatoes.

If it is desirable to have potatoes
seven to ten days ahead of those pro-
duced by ordinary field culture, place
uncut tubers, blossom end up, in shall
low boxes filed with sand. About
quarter the length of the potato should
protrude from the sand. Put the boxes
in subdued light in a temperature of
so or 60 degrees. From % to 80 days
after the potatoes are thus started
take the tubers from the sand and
place in field in the same position
they occupied in the box. Potatoes
treated in this way will be consider
ably earlier than If the seed is taken
directly from the bin and planted in
the ordinary manner, says an ex-
change.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1900-03-15
APPLE BISMARCK

be kept. in shape with but little trou-
BILE. Should the apple respond to
orchard cultivation as it does to cult
walton under glass it is worthy of at
tention, although do not consider it
a first class fruit. Still it's handsome
appearance will more than counterbal-
ance any weakness in quality. The
fruit should be kept a considerable
time before being used for dessert. 1t
is one of the best troopers know and
produces fruits of uniformly large
size" . .z-. .. .. .
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1900-03-15
A Fayorite Lettuce.

When planning garden, the many
varieties Of lettuce may well puzzle the
novice.
Prize Head is apparently an Ameri-
can type and a favorite, being quite
generally grown for family use. The
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1900-03-15
CORN sTUBBLE BREAKERS.

clevis of the doubletrees, as in Fig. 1.
He thinks this is better way than
narrowing down corn stubble in the
spring, as the stub will be broken off
from the root and will not be so much
in the way in cultivating and drilling.
AS an amendment to this plan anoth-
er writer suggests the use of two poles
instead Of one, fastened together as
shown in the second figure, which he
says will work better. Bore two inch
auger holes in poles and use good.
pieces. Put the large end of the one
with the small end Of the other. Not
more than % feet in length is advised
unless the ground is very level.
How He Controls the Niter Nuisance
A successful maple sugar maker has.
told The American Agriculturist how
he avoids trouble with inter: / straini
the sap, run into heater, then to pan,,
skim pan thoroughly, boil one day.
When thick enough, strain through
wooden strainer; then settle, pour off.
the settings, put in sugar off pan,.
cleanse with white of eggs or milk or
limewater and boil rapidly. When one
half done, remove from fire and strain
through the thickest strainer it will go
through. This last straining will re-
move all sand or lime. Put back, boil
rapidly, skim off everything that is Of
fensive. If making strip, run it down
rapidly until a gallon will weigh, can
and all, 11% pounds. If running to-
sugar, have pan of snow and run it
80 that after it is cold 1t will be brittle
and crackle. Stir rapidly until partly
eool and then turn into one, two or
three pound cake dishes. When cool.
1t is ready for market.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1900-03-15
Cutworm In Alfalfa.

1t is known to many of you who rails
ed alfalfa this season there was little
dark green striped worm which did
considerable damage in some alfalfa
fields, said a speaker at the recent
meeting Of the Kansas board of agri-
culture. This worm likewise spends
the winter in chrysalis form beneath
the surface of the ground, and the disk
harrow will remove it if applied in the
early spring after the frost has left the
ground.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1900-03-15
PLANT BREEDING.
Improvement Of Fruits by CarefuE
Bud Selection.

Improvement OF Fruits by CarefuE
Bud Selection.
A subject familiar to florists, but
scarcely so to the general public. is:
called up for consideration by A. S.
Hitchcock of the Kansas station, who.
states his ideas Of plant breeding by
selection thus:
All plants are made up Of success
sion or colony Of shoots originating ins
buds. These shoots show as much,
tendency to vary as do seedlings. The.
degree of variation is not usually as
great, since the latter unite the quail
ties Of two parents, while the former
are the product of one parent. Never
theless sudden and marked bud varia-
tons are not uncommon. AS matter
of fact, many of our cultivated varie-
ties have originated from bud sports
The nectarine came from a branch Of
the peach.
In plants like the apple. which are
widely dispersed by means Of graftage,
there is more or less departure from
the original type. The Newtown Pip
pin, which originated in Long Island,
has varied in Virginia into the Able
marie Pippin, poorer keeper than the
original. In the northwest it has va
ried into a form which has FIVE ridges
at the apex, while in Australia it is so
different as to have been renamed the
Five Crowned Pippin. ~.
Florists and horticulturists are con-
stantly on the watch for sporting"
shoots. When the sport is desirable, it
is fixed by vegetative propagation
Many forms with cut leaves, variegat-
ed foliage, weeping habit, double flow
ers, flowers of different color from
type and others have been produced i'm
this way. Bud variation is a fact welE
recognized among horticulturists, es-
pecially florists and growers of orna-
mental shrubs and trees. wish espe-
cially, however. to call attention to the
good results following bud selection i'm
ordinary, propagation.
While a sudden and marked varia-
ton from the type usually called sport
is an exception, yet slight though rec
ognizable variation among shoots OF
tree is the rule, and these variations
tend to perpetuate themselves, thougb
they sometimes revert as do seedlings.
Our orchard fruits would be improved
more rapidly if there were more care
used in selecting the scions, buds or
cuttings from those individuals which
have proved themselves to be in ad
vance of the average. Not only should
buds be selected from proper individ-
uals. but even from a particular
branch. Small fruits can be easily i'm
proved in this way.
The common practice of blowing up
or digging up at random the young
plants from a strawberry bed is not
conducive to improvement of the va
rieties. The most successful growers
are learning that it pays to select from
the best individuals each generation
In fact. it Is advisable to keep patch
on purpose for breeding. OF course q
| grower cannot take time to select in
dividual plants for customers. but he
| can select his breeding plants each
year from the best plants Of the pre-
ceding year and thus gradually i'm
prove his breeding plants and through
them the general crop. ...... ... Fl
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1900-03-15

A SNUWPROOF VENTILATUR
side and open the opposite one. Enough
draft will be formed to draw all the
foul air from below. The cover to the
shaft will further prevent snow COM
ing in and will keep sparrows from
bothering.
The best plan of cupola will provide
for windows on all four sides, connect
ed as shown. The shaft should be open
at the bottom, but provided with a
slide to close it in warm weather, and
an opening should be made near the
top of the stable, which may be opened
in warm weather when the lower one
is closed. .......s e. .. ss....rt-t. -.s
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1900-03-15
'rdsRH(2SsH!RDsN
A STABLE vENTlLAToR.

Designed to BE Snow. Rain. wind
and Sparrow Proof.
When man goes into his stable and
finds bushel or two Of snow under
the ventilator shaft, he wonders if it
wouldn't be fully as conducive to the
comfort of his cows If he had less ven
tilation, and 1t is not essential that we
have snow to have ventilation, accord
ing to The Farmers Institute Bulletin,
which says the plan here shown will
solve the difficulty. A are windows
hung on easy working hinges. B is an
iron rod. not too heavy, connecting the
two windows and long enough so that
when one Is closed the other will be
open, as shown in the large cut.
When there is no wind, the windows
will hang. as shown In small cut.
When the wind Is in the west. the
pressure will close the window on that
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1900-03-15
PRIZE HEAD LETTUCE.

plants are unusually vigorous and en-
lure hot weather better perhaps than
any other kind of equally good quality.
They also do well in early spring and
late fall. The heads are large and
loose, sometimes two feet across. the
leaves green, with reddish or brown
tinge.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1900-03-15
Breaking Down Corn stubble.

Concerning the thrashing down Of
corn stubble in fields that are to
be planted in oats an Ohio Farmer
correspondent advises that the work
be done when the ground is frozen
hard, with an inch or less snow on.
Get straight pole about SO feet long
and about 4 inches in diameter at the
smallest end. This will reach across
eight or nine rows. Cut two notches
around it about eight feet apart. Cut
the notches nearer the butt than the
top of the pole, as it is larger and heav-
Ter at that end, and then fasten log
chain around it in each notch and bring
the ends together and fasten to the
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1900-03-15
Irrigation of Blackberrie..

One important point in the irrigation
Of blackberries established by the ex-
periments of Professor Jordan at the
New Jersey station is that the effect of
irrigation is not confined to the year in
which the water is applied. The pres
ence of sufficient moisture to provide
for the growth and development of
plant and fruit seems to favor a
growth of cane thoroughly matured
and fitted for the succeeding seasons
work. The dry season of 1898 occurred
during the ripening. period, and great
clusters of nearly developed fruit dried
up completely where not irrigated,
Nothing of the kind occurred when wa
ter was given. The dry period Of 1899
occurred very. early in the development
of the fruit and was not long enough in
duration to materially affect the crop,
yet the results were again very mark
edly in favor of irrigation.
New Notion In Growing Lima Beans.
For the past nine years have raised
lima beans in my garden and for two
years past have used wire in place Of
bean poles, and wish to say that any
one having once used wire will never
go back to the old system, On the
south side of an old building have
set some cedar posts ten feet or more
above the ground and about 30 feet
from the building. On these posts have
been spiked some 2 by scantling.
Some heavy screw hooks-are fastened
to the building. and to the hooks l
fasten heavy single wire Tor double if
preferre6 and run the same to the
by for an overhead wire. have my
hills all boxed in with six inch strips
Of lumber and drive plug or short
stake in the center Of each hill and
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1900-03-15
THE BISMARCK APPLE.
Fruit a HandsOme Giant-Tree q
Hes~y and Sure Chopper.

among recent novelties that have
surely corie to stay is this new hand
some apple, and whatever may be its
deficiencies in the matter of favor
and some people can hardly find terms
of sufficient strength for their feelings
lit has attained position that impels
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1900-02-08
erials by brokers and and wholesale

eight thousand concerts during his ca
reer.
Tomorrow evening the second ami
yerSaIy ef the Durham Public Library
will be celebrated at the library build
ing. DR.. f. \. Alderman, president of
the State University. will deliver an adj
dress. After the address a social will
be held.
Augustus ~ Cleveland, Of Atlanta,
Ga, general agent OF the Chicago and
Northwestern Railway. was a Durhafn
visitor today.
Quite party from Chapel Hill and
a number from other surrounding towns
have signifed their intention of COM
ing TO Durham next Monday night to
witness the Grand Opera. A special
train vii be run from Chapel Hill if
enough can he secured to justify it.
Early Lee, the two-year-old son or
Mr.. and Mrs Fletcher Crabtree. who
died on, Tuesday afternoon of pneumonia.
was buried today. Rev. ]. w. Wellons
conducted the funeral services.
Prof. Albert Whitehouse. head of the
gymnasium ut Trinity College. will lee
tllre on Friday night next at Greensboro
Female College on the Care of the
Body and How to Have Perfect Health. :
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1900-02-08
GILMER IN MADISON.
The Campaign Opened in Pritchards
County.

Marshall. y. c.. Feb. 7.-(Special)-
The citizens of Madison county were adj
dressed yesterday at the court house by
Hon. r. ID. Gilmer ON the Constitutional
Amendment. As this was Tuesday of
court week big crowd was in town.
and the court house was full of eager
listeners to hear the opening speech of
the campaign of 1900. 1t was fine eff
fort. able exhaustive, logical and eloquent.
The large crowd was made up of Repuh-
leans as well as Democrats. and many
of the local anti-amendment leaders We're
present to hear Mr.. Gilmcr. He gave
much of the history OF negro suffrage.
and it's effects i'll the South. Without
any offensive or abusive language this
brilliant speaker presented the amend
ment question in so convincing and folci-
HE a style that it must have put Repuh-
LEANS to thinking. That there is no dis
elimination against the negro on account
of race. color or previous condition was
clearly shown: and the frank statement
was made that it was the Negroes unfit
ness and incapacity that made this change
i'm the Constitution an absolute necessity.
The speech was one not to he soon for
gotten and its freedom from bitterness
and invective made it such an address
that thoughtful Republicans who heard
it will. it is thought, begin to open their
eyes to this great question.
Mr.. Gilmer is well known in this sec
ton. and his many friends and admirers
here would be glad to see SO able n law
yer and so fine a Christian gentleman GA
the State ticket for the approaching cleo
ton.
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1900-02-08
SECURED BY BELLAMY,
Bill For Lumber River Bridge. Want
Paper on Free List.

Washington. Feb. 7-(Special.) -Repre-
sentative Bellarny has the distinction oI
being the first member of the North caro-
lima delegation to secure the passage of a
bill this session Today he called mp and
had passed his bill to authorize the
Southeastern Railroad Company TO con-
struct and maintain a bridge across the
lumber River within the boundary lines
of Robeson county. Mr.. Bellamy was
warmly congratulated ON his success.
The bill introduced by Representative
Kitchin authorizing the President to APP
point David Bagley cadet 1T Annapolis
has been referred to a subcommittee OF
the Naval Affairs Committee. There is
no question that the bill viii be favora-
bly, reported
The postoffice at Carriers Springs
Buncombe county wall be discontinued
, after the 18th inst.
The Senate Committee ON Commerce
has reported Senator Pritchard's bill to
authorize Frank Hitchcock to construct
and maintain a bridge over Fishing Creek
! in Edgecombe county.
Petitions are pouring in ON the mem
bers from all parts of the country pray
ing for the passage of the Bellamy bill
to place printing paper on the free list
Mr.. Bellamy will shortly appear before
| the Ways and Means Committee an,
make an argument in favor of his bill.
The following fourth class postmaster,
in North Carolina were appointed today
| G. A. Deator. Allreds. Montgomery co1ln
| ty. vice W. l.. Amman resigned: ID. Mel
! Holt, Argyle. Cumberland county vice
/ W. b. McLauchlin, resigned; Mary
Black, Clear Greek. CabaiTus county
vice S. l.. Cluttz removed: j. w. Little
Holton. Mecklenburg county. vice j. c
Mcclure resigned: j. Z. Hudson, Mt
lIlla. Rowan county. vice a. f. Sheriff.
dead j. II. Stevenson Rock Cut. Iredel
! county. vice w. w. Wilhelm removed
Elias Galloray has been appointed post
master at Wolf Mountain.
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1900-02-08
DEATH OF YOUNG SAN FORD.
The New Southern Conservatory CT
Music to Open March 1st.

Durham. y. c., Feb 7.@Special.) -
This morning between $ and 3 o'colck,
an alarm of fire brought out the fire de-
partment A lumber dry house belonging
to Wheeler * Co.. was burned. The
loss will amount to about $50.
JAS +. Lee expected to- attend the
marriage Of Mr.. Ed. Poole and Miss
Salhe Sanderford. at Auburn this af-
ternoon, but attended a funeral there
instead. Just before leaving here this
morning he received Il message telling
him of the death of Davis Sanderford.
a brother Of the intended bride. which
occurred Mt Kenly Tuesday afternoon.
and that on this account the marriage
was postponed until tomorrow. The de
ceased WAS attending school AT kenly.
He was to have gone TO Auburn last
night to attend his sisters proposed mar
riagc today. but the train that he was
to have gone ON brought his remains
instead The nterment took place at the
family burying ground about two miles
from Auburn Mr.. r. Kelley. Of this
city. an uncle of the deceased. was
present at the funeral.
Harvey. the eight ear-old son of
Capt. John A. Galbraith. who runs as
conductor on the passenger train on the
O. and G. read. between Durham and
KeySvile died at the home of his par
ents in Keysvilc. Va. about ) o'clock
this morning. of bronchial pneumonia
Capt Galbraith was in Durham ut the