The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1900-11-17
AND GARDEN.
MATTERS or INTEREST TO
A0RlcULTURlsTS
Some Up-to-Dats Hints About Cnltivs-
tion OF the Soil and Yields Thereof
Hortieulturs, vttieulture and Sloricul-
turs.

tl0n OF the Soil and Yields Thereof
turs.
English Blue-0rass in the West.
John s. Gilmore of Fredonia. Kas.,
Is more practically familiar with the
production of English blue grass, or
meadow fescue, having raised 1t on
a larger scale, than perhaps any other
man in the middle west. At the re-
quest OF Secretary F.. D. Coburn he
has written an account Of his experi-
ence, which appears in a recent report.
Of the Kansas department Of agricul-
ture. Extracts from his article fol-
CIV:
This grass has a two-fold value: for
its seed crop and for pasturage-the
relative Importance of each being de-
termined by the view and interest OF
the grower. The seed crop brings
early cash. and it is for seed that the
grass is chiefly grown in Kansas. It's
heaviest yields are given in the first
three or four years, which run from
six to twelve bushels per acre, accord
ing to soil and season. Kansas is be-
1ieved to produce seventy-five per cent
OF the seed crop Of this country, and
at least ninety per cent of the total
crop of the United States is sent
abroad. On any lands fairly adapted
for corn Tin eastern Kansas) it can
be advantageously grown; but on
light, whitish soil, it does not show
strong vitality nor resist extreme dry
weather, and is brief lived.
The ground should be plowed some
time before seeding las for wheat)
that it may settle, but If freshly
ploWed can be improved by going over
it with a float. The best state of filth
attainable is highly important. The
nearer the ground can be made like a
garden, and the more even and level
before drilling in or sowing the seed,
the better. A majority favor drilling,
but other very successful growers COW
broadcast and harrow in lightly; and
some fall plant, while others prefer
the spring for seeding. I favor the
fall, It the ground car be prepared and
rains sufficiently moisten the soil by
September 1 to Is, but am aware that
ample moisture can be expected in the
spring, and, therefore. a good stand
is surer. But a fall start brings "a
seed crop a year sooner, and the grass
gets dominant in advance of noxious
vegetation. 1t is not easily winter
killed If the fall Is not unfavorable
and the ground was early plowed. I
do not like the hoe-drill SO we'll as a
shoe-drill, nor the eight-inch so we'll
as the six-inch-apart drill rows, though
some have used the former with salts
factory results.
The quantity planted per acre varies
from a peck to three pecks when pro-
ducing seed is the paramount object,
and from three pecks to a bushel and
upwards when pasture alone is sought.
A half-bushel per acre when seed, crops
are the first consideration and it is
drilled in, is enough on rightly pre-
pared ground, for then every seed Is
, covered; II showers follow narrowing
in, almost every seed will sprout and
take root. An inch is ample depth to
drill, and, If the ground surface is uni
formly leveled, scarcely any of the
seed is put too deep. When har-
rowed in, tho harrow should be set to
run as for millet and similar light
seed. The seed should be cleaned and
freed from cheat and weed seed. IL
possible, before planting. Fescue is
S,oo1vy for n,,+%{,,~ Pov, r1na r;rh& 0Fk4~
wheat, with the self-binding harvester.
and Is shocked as e.c wheat and oats.
The bundles are somewhat ragged in
appearance and bulky at the butts
because of the heavy blade growth,
the straw of which is valuable winter
feed for cattle. It Is stacked or
thrashed out of the shock by the regu-
lar thrasher men, and the cost per
bushel ranges from the wheat charge
to double the same, according to the
quantity. If sold, the seed is taken
from the thrashing machine direct to
the railroad, loaded in cars, in two
bushel bags, and shipped.
The points in favor Of raising this
grass in the portion of Kansas where 1t
best thrives are several and substan-
tial. It is not especially risky nor ex-
pensive for seed and labor to get q
stand; the same implements and ma
chinery used for the other crops are
employed in its planting and harvest
ing; the seed is a fairly profitable crop
in itself with a yield near the aver
age, and at a price Of from three and
one-half cents to four cents per pound;
the straw after thrashing %(probably
one-fourth Of a ton per acre) leads all
other straw for roughage, and stock
cleans, it up with avidity.
Horticultural Observations.
The Roman Stem apple originated.
in New Jersey and is very successful
along that coast and as far south as
North Carolina, according to the re-
ports OF the American Pathological