Reporter and farmer. [volume] (Webster, Day County, Dakota [S.D.]) 188?-1946, 1900-01-25

he a made a monk or u lTldE
whether his color was even, excessive
or light, etc.
In all work requiring register, such
as book forms, the sheets We're laid
upon registering points, suitably at
to the tympan frame, and III
working the second set OF forms or a
"re-iteration", as the 'work-and-turn'
forms were styled, the pressman mere
Iy laid the point openings upon the
points and the sheet would print in
exact register.
TWO COLORED RUNS.
They had a novel way of registering
two-color runs. The form was made
ready and an impression pulled" upon
the frisket sheet; this frisket was de-
tached and another substituted. The
compositor then lifted the letters or
lines wanted for the next color, and
filled the openings with quads and reg
let. This run off, the lifted lines and
letters were replaced upon suitable
and uniform underlays of reglet; the
and letters for the second color
were hen cut from the first frisket, it
was attached in lieu of the one just
used, a bearing or two to equaliZe the
pressure of the platen, and the make
ready was complete.
THE RAMAGE PRESS.
The old Ramage press, which was
exhibited in Machinery Hall, Worlds
Fair, afterwards in the Columbian
Museum, and recently niched in
Smithsonian Institute among the sa-
cred and the curious things which
link the past to the present, is a
splendid type of the press Of those
earlier days. This is the press Frank
lin worked when a young man of nine
teen years, il Perkins famous pub
fishing bouse, London, he having
been stranded there, almost penniless,
through the duplicity of Governor
Keith of Pennsylvania, whose letters
OF credit for a printing outfit for
Franklin were mo- honored.
1t was by the side of this press
Franklin stood, while in London in
the service of his country, far-famed
and honored as a sagacious statesman
and profound philosopher, and said to
tho Perkins employees, Come, my
friends, it is now forty years since /
worked at this press as a journeyman
printer. We will drink together"
And he sent out for a measure of por-
ter. ## .s. a.
At the time to which Franklin refer
rcd there were fifty men employed in
this establishment: an "ale~bey' at
tended them constantly, but Franklin
prevailed upon them, through precept
and example, and the "ale-boy' ceased
his ministratisns.
~ FIRST IRON PRESS.
There was no outfit material to be
had in America when Franklin wanted
To establish for himself. Z. was ten
years after Frankiin's death when
Earl Stanhope of England built the
first iron press. IL vas a toggle-joint
ard lever-the prototype in this re-
spect of the Washington press built in
this country by Samuel Rust in 1929.
Treadwell, Clymer and Smith were also
early American press builders.
FIRST POWER PRESS.
The first power press was built by
a German. machinist for the London
Times in 1914. And the first in Amer
ica by Treadwell of Boston, in 1892.
The American Bible society used a
Treadwell press, driving it by steam.
And the American Tract society used
the same make OF press, and drove by
mules. The Adams power press came
into the field about 1880, and was pop
ular for years. According to Theo-
dore De Winnie the New York Sun and
Harper Brothers used hand presses as
late as 1885. " a q
Christian Sower, at Germantown,
Penn, 1885, made the first type cast in
America. He intended to use this on
an English edition OF the Bible, but
finding he would infringe the Oxford
patent, cast In German, made the ink
and the paier, ard in 1748 printed the
first German edition of the Bible in
America. Ronaldson and Binney
came into possession of the remains of
Sewers outfit, and with certain appli-
ances Franklin had bought in Paris,
started type founding in Philadelphia
in 1898.
Binney invented the force feed and
, other features, which gave great i'm
petus to casting, doing in an hour
work which required a day by the old
method, which seldom exceeded 5000
separate casts, and required special
cleverness to swing mold and ladle to
the nicely necessary for perfect cast
ing. London type founders in Frank
Inns time cast all bodies known to US
even down to the delicate and exquis-
lite diamond; the modern founders
have added brilliant" and excelsior.
PAPER MAKING.
Paper making in the earlier days
was a tedious process-hand-pulping Of
rag fiber and screen laying. The dens-
lty OF the pulp determined the weight
of the paper. The pulp was taken
from the vat on a hand screen, shaken
to interlace fiber, turned upon a
heavy felt, sheet size; placed in piles,
sheet and felt alternating throughout,
and put under heavy pressure. Hard
papers were alternated with metal
plates, under pressure; sheets sized
separately by dipping, then loft dried.
Two men could average about six
reams, daily, enough paper to run
some of u modern presses four min
utes. Ten reams, daily, was the output
Of the Chester Creek, Delaware, mill,
where Franklin bought his paper
stock. R~ittenhouse and Bradford put
In the first mill in the country, near
Philadelphia, in 1910. Machine made
paper was not on the market until
1896.
uyyI.n rrrr>xy 1yr,r