davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1900-07-13
Adjust the PIow PronerIx

1t requires considerable experience to
properly adjust pillow to run steadily
at the several depths it may be desir-
ed to Use it, says a correspondent of
The American Agriculturist. When
properly adjusted to a certain depth and
width of furrow, 1t should and will in
land free from obstruction run so
steady as to require the handles to be
used only at the end of the furrow
Yet as most plows are adjusted it Is
the hardest work to keep them in an
upright position, as you are obliged to
bear heavily on the handles to keep
them from going in too deeply or to
raise up the handles to make them
cling to the ground, or when a wheel is
used it bears heavily on the axle. In
this age of improvements any farmer
who will purchase pillow that cannot
be adjusted to the right or left, deep or
shallow, the handles raised or lowered
to suit the height of the plowman, de-
serves to, as he will, find blowing any
thing but an easy job. There are plen-
ty of such improved plows, so don't
take an out of date one because 1t is
offered at a reduced price. The best Is
none too good. Let the 'other fellow"
buy the obsolete tool.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1900-07-13

Ma exclaimed the Interrogation
point, aged I years, member of a re-
spectacle South Side family, as he sat
reading. MA. who was the Maid of
Orlcans?"
"She was young woman, French
patriot. Her other name was Joan Of
Arc" replied his mother. But by this
time he was so interested in seeing his
dog chase a neighbours cat that the
story of the French maiden had lost all
hold of him.
1t was some six months after this
that his teacher was asking the class,
"Who knows about Joan of Arc? A
dim recollection of having heard the
name before puzzled but did not en-
tighten him.
''What was she maid Off" suggested
the teacher.
"Made of dust" they cried in chorus.
thinking of their catechism.
But the question completed the cir
cult in the boys memory. He dimly
recalled his talk with his mother. Up
went his hand. The teacher nodded.
"Shc was a French patriarch" he
proudly nswered.-Chicago Chronicle.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1900-07-13
How to Wake shndowgrnphs.

Stretch a white cloth or a large sheet
Of white paper on the wall in dark
ened room, and opposite to it place a
small table on which there is a lighted
candle. Put book or some similar
object between the candle and the
cloth, so that it will cut off the light
from the latter, leaving it comparative
~ dark.
When you are ready to show your
pictures. hold Il mirror sideways before
the cand. nj such an angle that the
reflection will be thrown on the cloth
The pictures that you show will be
really silhOucttes. and you will need
therefore. little figures cut out Of stiff
paper Hold one of them between the
candle and the mirror, and its sharply
defined shadow will be thrown on the
cloth. BY moving it forward you may
make it appear to walk across the
cloth. The effect will be all the bette
If you make the mirror fast. so tina
you may use both hands in moving the
figures. Thus you may get variety
of movements, even in two directions
ct the same time.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1900-07-13
Points In Hop Culture,

As regards the cultivation of hops the
first season much depends upon the ma
ture Of the soil for producing weeds,
which 1t is of vital Importance to have
kept under subsection. If the land is
planted to corn or potatoes, l should
cultivate with special regard to these
crops and then as much afterward as
would be necessary to keep the weeds
down, says a Country Gentleman writ
er. Perhaps three thorough cultiva-
tons during the months of May and
June would suffice, but on naturally
weedy land much more would evident
ly be required. After a yard Is once
well started l prefer to cultivate twice
In a row each way every week unless
heavy rains prevent IT. from the latter
part of May to the first of July and
after that not at all.
/ never employed irrigation for hops.
The hop root Is something that goes
into the soil very deep, and here in the
east l never knew the severest drought
to kill it, albeit we have experienced
some dry periods indeed during the
past few years. Still am positive that
too much drought is not good for hops,
and in a country where little or no
rain falls during the growing season ir-
rigation is unquestionably u necessary
adjunct to successful hop culture.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1900-07-13
Agricultural Breyitics.

At the New Jersey station in tests OF
two seasons in all cases irrigation in
creased the yield of asparagus.
One grower recommends sprinkling Il
little bran over the heads of cabbage
to prevent the attacks of worms.
Do not relax your warfare on weeds
In the garden till Aug. 1. Shortly after
that date sprinkle turnip seed lightly
over every bare spot you can find and
rake well in.
correspondent of American Gar
dening reports that in western New
York the hard frosts of early May
caught the forest caterpillar just as it
was Matching and the worms were de-
stroyed by the millions, which will put
a check upon their ravages
There Is golden time to cut crimson
clover seed, which is just as soon as 1t
becomes fully mature and hard. but
before 1t begins to loosen from the
stem.
Hop growing requires constant work
and unremitting care. Throughout
June and July the space between the
hills should be narrowed two or three
times a week and all weeds and grass
kept down.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1900-07-13

Rough ground may be turned into
good pastures for sheep without plow-
ing, says The Sheep Breeder. If the
land is covered with trees, it may be
scratched over as well as may be by n
harrow, so IS TO get cover for as much
grass as possible. The main thing to
be done is to start the grass; the sheep
will do the rest. Once started, the
grass will thicken and spread. After
the beginning has been made it is easy
TO improve the grass by scattering seed
during Il rain, or, indeed, at any time,
even in dry weather, as the first rain
will start growth, and the treading of
the sheep will pack the soil and insure
the safety Of the young roots. The
best grasses for a sheep pasture are
those with creeping roots, as the COM
mon red top the blue grasses, orchard
grass and tall meadow oat grass, while
clover is one of the most valuable of
this family Of pasture plants. The
quantity Of seed to be sown is 20
pounds of each of the grasses and ten
pounds of the white clover to the acre
or the equivalent.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1900-07-13
YOUTHS DEPARTMENT.
Who Joan Wus-How to Make
Shadow graphs.

Molly and Jack were making a visit
at grandpa's farm. One day Aunt
Jennie put some bread and butter ana
cookies and two nice red applies into
a little basket and told the children
they could 20 on a picnic. SO they
trudged Off together down through the
lane.
"Where shall we go?" asked Jack.
81 know" said Molly. Lets go
down to the cornfold We can pretend
it is a forest, and we can be explor-
ers."
SO they walked on till they came to
the edge of the cornfeld The stalks
were thick and green and grew so high
that they lowered far above the chill
dren's heads, but Molly and Jack went
merrily in, and soon they could not see
any opening at all. They could see
only long rows of tall green stalks and
now and then little peep of blue sky.
Nov let's eat our lunch," said Jack,
who was always hungry So they sat
down between two rows Of corn. Molly
spread out the big red napkin for a Ia
blecloth and set it, with the bread and
butter and cookies and apples. They
stripped off cornstalk leaves for plates.
1t was a very nice lunch, and the
children thought it was great fun ex-
plorin" the wonderful cornstalll forest.
Then Molly folded the napkin neatly.
and Jack put it in his pocket, and they
started to go home.
But, dear me! They walked and
walked, but it seemed as if the corn
stalk forest would never come to an
end. They were such little people,
and the cOrnstalks were so high that it
began to seem strange and lonely
place. They coulu not tell whether to
turn this way or that Jack led the
way bravely.
1T isn't really a forest" he said.
"and we must find our way out some
time" But even Jack began to look
doleful after they had tramped for
what seemed a very long time, al
though it was really only quarter of
an hour.
And who do you suppose showed
them the way home? Why, Thomas,
the cat! He came strollng in a leisure
ly way among the avenues of corn, and
when Molly said, "Oh, Tom, Tom.
what shall we do?" he purred very
loud, MS much as to say: Just follow
me- little mistress; just follow me! I'll
take you homer
SO Thomas led the children ont of the
cornstalk forest, and soon they heard
their mother calling from the farm
house gate
Then Molly and Jack ran up the lane
as fast as they could, while Thomas
followed behind, waving his great, SUI
perb tail and purrins softy.-A. Ii. b.
In Little Men and Women.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1900-07-13

1t Is conceded by most men who are
well versed in the raising of potatoes
that there is one certain sort of the tu-
Der that will do better than any other
In any given locality, and it ought to
@be the endeavor of every practical
farmer to get the most out of his
ground, whether in the way of roots or
grain. The potato that will do best in
any district or soil is the one that is
bro ught to perfection in that soil itself
and hence any farmer raising any large
quantity of potatoes will do well to
form a subvariety, bred and perfected
under the conditions prevailing on his
own acres. To get this kind of pota-
to is not so hard as might be expected
says The Breeders Gazette though
the matter Of selection may occupy
several years. Some of the best known
varieties of the potato have been OBJ
tanned by cutting one of the eyes from
a potato of one kind and then insert
ing it in whole tuber of some other
kind, the two potatoes chosen for the
trial being representatives Of the sorts
that have done best on the land for
which the new stock is wanted. The
eye that is to grow ought to be cut
from the potato with quite a large
pointed piece Of the tuber attached,
and it ought then to be inserted in the
mother tuber tightly fitting into hole
Of the same shape prepared to receive
1t. The eyes on the mother tuber
ought then to be destroyed and the
planting done.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1900-07-13
Corn and Potatoes,

When it is about time for the corn
and potatoes to break through the
ground, go over the field with a light
harrow, not only to loosen the soil and
break the crust if 1t has baked at all,
but to kill all the little weeds that are
starting on the surface and trying to
get ahead of the crop planted, advises
American Cultivator. When they are
up about two inches high, repeat the
narrowing and continue 1t until it is
time to use the cultivator between the
rows, The harrow will not only save
much labor in weed killing, but either
crop will look as if it had had a fer
tilizing within "a hours after the har-
row went over it.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1900-07-13
Golden MiIIef.

German or Golden millet is a hot
weather plant, needing to be sown on
well fitted warm soil about the LIST of
June, by which time both air and
ground will be warm enough to insure
rapid growth. 1t can even be sown for
a crop as late as the LIST of July, though
this late seeding will make hay with
out ripening the seeds. The seed is
very small, and if sown before rain
needs only to be covered by rolling a
surface made as smooth as possible.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1900-07-13

FOR THE |
FARMER !


l consider red clover, either the me-
dunn or Mammoth varieties, the best
to use for hay for either colts or calves.
Ps they are growing and require a feed
rich in bone forming material, says n
correspondent OF The Prairie Farmer.
1t should be cut when the first brown
heads appear as the heads and leaves
do not break off so easily and the nay
Is eaten up clean. For cows and horses
l would prefer shredded corn fodder.
clover, millet or caue in the order men
toned. For the small farmer | consid-
eF clover and timothy pay an expen-
siye feed. To harvest two tons of hav
per acre requires ground rich enough
to produce 80 bushels of corn and 11a
tons of fodder This crop if rightfully
handled will bring in more dollars than
the two tons of hay. Milk cows do
well on this fodder, but of course
should have little grain of some kind
added. For work horses l would pre-.
fer shredded corn fodder to hay, as it
Is slightly loosening, and there Is no
danger of heaves. 1t takes up very lit
tie barn room, and what little is
thrown out as bedding is easily shovel
ed out with the cleanings of the stable.
Sweet corn drilled thick in 80 inch
rows and cultivated as for a crop of
corn is perhaps best for the fodder
crop. This crop, either shredded or
thrashed, Is an ideal feed for the pro-
duction of milk and butter. 1t can be
cut with an ordinary grain binder and
If put in small shocks will cure out per-
fectly. Any farmer who is short on
hay will be sure to adopt this as a reg
ular crop after once trying it. Millet is
a valuable feed for all stock if cut
when the first few heads turn yellow.
We hear and read of great many OBJ
jections to millet, especially as feed for
horses, but after feeding from 2 to 10
acres of it yearly for 20 years have
yet to have any trouble with it.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1900-07-13
1AszlGGG72lGIi=3siaissRNMzS
Fl 4: !. GAR1EN
CLOVER HAY.
The Great Secret of Making It-Cure
In the Shade.


For best results we would commence
cutting when the clover is in full
bloom, with a very few heads turned
brown; would cut in the morning as
soon as the clover is fairly dry and fol
low with the rake as soon as it has
wilted little, say one-quartcr dry, or
even less. Stop cutting in time to have
all shocked up before night, making
shocks medium size, building them
with as little slore as possible on the
side. Then round off with blunt top,
Just enough to keep the wind from
turning the hay off shock. This is to
get uniform cure. If the shock Is too
sloping and runs to point, the top will
be overdry while the bottom will not
be cured. In four or five days after we
have done shocking the shocks will
turn a beautiful golden brown, which
indicates that the hay is cured. This
brown color seems to be just on the up
per side of outside straw, all green I'M
der. An hour before hauling, If conven-
lent. have two men or boys for two are
better than one) go along and turn the
shocks on their sides and commence at
In with a fork six inches down from
the top, set that layer back two or
three feet on its edge, then another
layer back against the first, and so con-
tinue until you have done with the
shock. The object is to shelter the hay
from the direct rays of the sun and to
allow the hot, dry air to circulate free
I ly through the hay and drive off all
surplus moisture. Now the purpose of
all this is to show that not only better
clover hay can be made in this way
than in the old way, but that it can be
made cheaper and without the custom
airy worry that attends clover haying
time. The great secret of making clo-
yer hay is to cure it in the shade. Avoid
the sun as much as possible.
! 1t is better hay because it Is not in
Jured by sun, rain or dew, and it is not
what we understand by the name clo-
yer hay, a dry mass of brittle stalks,
with the leaves all gone, or q mass of
moldy stuff unfit even for bedding.
But we do have in this manner of cur
Ing mass of cured clover relished by
all Of our animals, from a bullock to n
chicken, and the only difference | see
between clover before it is cut and
clover treated in this way Is one is in
q green state, the other is In n cured
or preserved state. 1t is cheaper hay.
Why? Because you concentrate all
your energy and force on one thing at
a time. You start your cutter and
draft in all the men and boys about the
place to help pile up. If 1t looks like
rain, go ahead. If it rains some, go
ahead between showers and get the
clover all piled up. One or two good
rains will do the hay no harm while
green; rather 1t will do good, as it
seems to heat up and cure out better.
30 you can rush the cutting and be
ready to put the hay in when it quits
raining, SO don't worry about having
your hay spoiled. To have this matter
Of worry lifted off your mind is great
relief. The energy it saps out of man
cannot be estimated In dollars aud
cents, says Rural New Yorker writer,
who advises as above.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1900-07-13

There is strange wild plant in
GuadeloupP called the life plant" If
n leaf he broken Off and pinned by the
stem to the wall of warm room,
zach of the angles between the curves
Of the leaf margin soon throws out a
number of very white tentacles. or
roots, and soon tiny new plant begins
TO sprout and in the course of a week
or two attans height Of two or three
inches When the old leaf shrivels,
the new plant is cut off and planted
When carefully cultivated, the life
plant produces curious red and yellow
blossoms.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1900-07-13

The trouble may come from a hail
storm or from a cyclone or from a
stroke of lightning or from a lantern
kicked over by a COW in the barn, and
it does come in all of these ways, and
an insurance policy which will cover
the loss is a good thing to have when
the trouble comes.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1900-07-13

The man who put s. worth of eggs
into SO Incubator and for three
weeks has been broken of his sleep to
watch the machine which at last turns
him out couple of measly motherless
chicks has troubles of his own and
needs two languages in which to ex-
press his feelings.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1900-07-13

Kansas leads off for the crop season
of 1900 with an S0,000000 bushel crop
of wheat and wants thousands Of men
to help save it. Following the wheat
will be a 250,OOO,000 bushel crop Of
corn, and we recall the time when we
passed the hat for Kansas.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1900-07-13

1t is all right for the man to insist
upon having meals at the farm home
ready on time, and it is also all right
for the wife and mother to insist upon
the men being on hand when the meal
is ready.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1900-07-13

When pianos and organs find ready
sale among the farmers, 1t may be
safely assumed that times are easy
out on the grass. More pianos were
sold last year than for the six years
nreyiOuSly
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1900-07-13

Naturally men will always put the
poor apples in the middle of the barrel
and the best berries on the top of the
box. but all the same the men who
make the most money from their fruit
don't do this sort of dirty work. 1t is
more honorable and pays better to sell
the poor fruit to the glucose jam max
ers and let the fraud be sold in a
bunch.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1900-07-13

The painful blotches caused by Ivy
poisoning may be speedily relieved by
wetting a piece of bread with water
and busting with washing soda, placing
1t over the scald.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1900-07-13

Death in the summer kitchen is al
ways lurking when the gasoline stove
is carelessly handled. Foolish and
careless women cannot change the law
which governs the explosive hydro
carbonS
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1900-07-13

You see that your boys have good
Fourth of July. With corn at 30 cents
you can afford to give the boy more
than a quarter to celebrate his coun-
try's independence.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1900-07-13

The mon who own and run the steam
thrashing machines are quite generally
organizing for mutual protection and
for the maintenance of living prices
for work through much Of the western
grain growing territory. The steam
outfits have practically crowded out
the horsepower machines, and the ca
pacity of the modern steam thrasher
Is so great that unless 1t can command
a given amount of patronage 1t will
bankrupt a man who tries to operate
one. The combination made between
the owners of the machines is an agrl-
cultural trust in Il small way and at
least is as iustiliable as any of these
trade regulators
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1900-07-13

The municipal ordinances of the city
of 81. Petersburg, in Russia. prohibit
the carrying Of whip by the cabmcn
of the city and still some of the finest
and most nigh spirited horses in all
the world are to be found in that city.
The horse is there treated better than
the man
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1900-07-13

1t is the cultivation of the crop after
the weeds are all killed which is real
pleasure to the cultivator and a boon
to the growing crop.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1900-07-13

If you have an old stag ram which
you know is Of no use to ship to Chi
cago, don't try to work it off on your
home community as spring lamb.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1900-07-13

A bushel of Iowa corn would buy a
bushel of York state pears this year If
1t were not for the railways share in
the transaction.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1900-07-13

Thv proposed German legislation
against meat products is only as to
canned goods and sausage which con
sttutc but small part of our exports
to that country. 1t may be that this
adverse legislation is entirely in the
interest Of the horse meat sausage Of
Germany
Evening capital. (Annapolis, Md.) 1884-1910, 1900-02-16

THE London Academy reveals fine
bit OF pessimism in quoting from the
evils and Requests" column ofthe Lon
don Chronicle an extract which shows
that the net personality of the late
Charles Grant Allen. author. amounted
TO "a, goo. while that of noted cheese
maker who died at the same time reached
LIoo, $50. The Academy evidently
wishes 10 show how much greater is hui
man natures love for cheese than for
literature, fact which perhaps cannot
be gainsaid. But. after all. the scope OF
the cheesemonger is broader than that oil
the author. He can satisfy the appe,iies
of great variety of people. from the
workman whose midday meal is largely
made up OF cheese sandwiches to the
fas,idious .partaker of rarebiis. The
author, as rule. reaches bur one class
of people and chooses at the beginning
Of his career whether he will provide
sandwiches for the everyday man or a
more artificial diet for delicate tastes.
Yet the "aot personality OF the author
is not to be expressed in figures. and
herein lies the difference between litera-
ture and cheese.
Evening capital. (Annapolis, Md.) 1884-1910, 1900-02-16

The Division OF Forestry has decided
to investigate early next summer the ex-
IRENE eastern distribution OF the Rocky
Mountain trees. The information will
be for the benefit OF tree planters on the
western plains, for the success Of planting
in these regions must largely depend
upon introducing the trees which are
naturally adapted to them. Heretofore
a large proportion of the trees planted
upon the plains have been eastern species
the effort OF planters having been gradu-
ally to force the eastern species west
ward. There is reason to believe that a
number of Rocky Mountain trees. ac-
customed to an arid environment, will be
apt TO succeed better in the more western
plains region than the eastern species.
This is particularly true of trees which
grow naturally on lower elevations and
which follow the streams for some dis
lance into the plains.
The work will be done largely by
collaborators of the Division who are
familiar with the region. To each will
be assigned a certain area. in which, fol-
lowing the trees eastward. he will study
their habits OF growth in varying situa-
tons.