davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Smyrna times., 1900-12-26
KENT COUNTY FARMERS
INSTITUTE At SMYRNA
INTERESTING SESSION HELD AT ODD Eel.
LOWS HALL, SMYRNA, WEDNESDAY.
Addresses Made by Prof. G. Harold Powell of
Delaware College and Prof. L. A. Clinton
of Cornell University.

The Kent County Farmers Institute
held meeting in Odd Fellows Hall
Wednesday, which is pronounced by
those who attended as one of the best
ever held here. The organization
which took place at a meeting at Dover
the Day before was as follows:
President, R. NJ. Cooper; Vice-Pres-
ident, Charles G. Baker; Secretary,
Wesley Webb; Treasurer, Ezekiel
Cooper; Executive Committee, J. E.
Carter, H. d. Learned, Gamaliel Gar
rison, James P. Aaron, w. F. McFee,
William M. Dixon, Pennel Emerson,
F. M. Soper, J. NJ. Eisenbrey, and J.
J. Rosa; Auditing Committee, J. H.
Heyd and Riley Melvin.
There were only about thirty-fve or
forty members present when President
R. M. Cooper of Cheswold, called the
meeting to order, but among these
were represented the leading fruit
growers and agricu1turists of this vi
cinity. The first speaker was Prof. G..
Harold Powell of Delaware College, who
gave most interesting talk on "Apples
Suited to this Peninsula" His line of
thought was particularly directed to
winter apples adapted to this locality,
and among the varities he recon-
mended were the York Imperial, the
Wine Sap, Paragon and Staymans Im
proved Wine Sap. From a close OBJ
servation, he was of the opinion that
apple growing could be made profita
BILE industry on this Peninsula. Wha
is needed is proper attention to tn,
culture of the different varities, fre
quent spraying, good cultivation anC
liberal feeding with potash and phos
phoric acid, using scarlet clover or Gov
peas for ammonia. Drifting from thii
subject, he gave a most instructive
talk on "Top Working or Grating o
Apples" He advocated using "Noth
ern Spy" as stock, grating at tw'
years old, or budding the first yea
after planting with buds from tree
that you know have born fine fruit. i
this way you can get a good stron
growing tree from the Spy stock, ant
top work with such apples as recon
mended for this locality.
Smyrna times., 1900-12-26
The TiIIing of the Soil.

Prof. L. A. Clinton of Cornell Uni
versity, was the next speaker and his
address was one of the most forcible
and logical lectures ever heard at an
Institute in Smyrna. As one of our
prominent farmers said after leaving
the Hall: "When Prof. Clinton started
his remarks / thought he was young
man of 20 years; in less than five min
utes / thought he was 80; and in ten
minutes he talked with such force and
logic I thought he was a man of so. I
hattered myself that 1 knew how to
plough but found that never knew
until heard his address" Prof. Clin-
toms lecture was chilling of the Soil
and Farm Implements" He began by
telling why we cultivate the ground,
saying that it was necessary to kill
weeds, produce plant food and let at
mosphere into the soil to cause decom-
position. In discussing the need of
plant food, he told how important it
was for moisture to enter into its COM
J position to put it into the proper con-
dition for the plant. In illustration of
this point he said 100 pounds of dry
sand will absorb 81 pounds of water
400 pounds of dry clay, 55 pounds of
water; 100 pounds of dry humus, 225
pounds of water, showing conclusively
how necessary it was to have more
humus in our soil to Withstand the
drought of this climate. Following
this illustration he produced an
analysis of soil from 40 different
farms, giving the amout of phosphoriC
acid, nitrogen and potash contained
therein. The average per acre was
phosphoric acid, 1000 pounds; nitrogen
$500 pounds and potash 1000 pounds
eff the plant food already in the sol
was available" said Prof, Clinton,
there would be no need to renew the
plant food for years. Good cultivation
and plenty of humus then, is abso
lutely necessary to liberate the plan
food already in the soil.
In speaking of agricultural imple
ments, he said the plough was one O.
greatest inventions ever given to man
There has been many improvement
to the plough in the late years, and II
purchasing ploughs he cautioned ou
farmers to fight shy Of the agent o
dealer who wanted to pan off the ligh
draught plough in preference to tn
heavy. The soil needs and will worl
much better under a heavy plough
CONTINUED ON FIFTH PAGE.
Smyrna times., 1900-12-26
Presbyterian Song Service.


The Presbyterian Church was beau
tifully decorated in commemoration of
Christmastide with a tasteful ar
rangement of holly, cedar branches
and other evergreens OCCUPYING the pull
pit recess, window lodges, bsptismal
font and other convenient places.
Sunday morning the pastor, Rev. J. L.
Estlin, preached sermon of consider
able interest, touching upon the Ma
tivity of Christ, and the Choir rem
dered sweet carols. The principle
service of the Presbyterians was in the
evening, when in place of the young
peoples meeting there was "Christ-
mas Song Service" This service was
in charge of Mr.. w. G. Anthony, the
Musical Director of the church. Sew
eral anthems were very excellently rem
dered by the choir, there was spirited
congregational singing, all of which
was splendidly supplemented by Wat
kin's Orchestra. The Christmas treat
to the Sunday School will take place
Thursday evening, with special pro-
gram.
Smyrna times., 1900-12-26

CONTINUED ON FIFTH PAGE.
The Atlanta constitution. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1885-19??, 1900-05-28

ment is government anywhere. The
difference between meum and teum is
the same everywhere. There is nothing
more novel in being governor of Cuba
than of Pennsylvania. which latter
point we will assume for the occasion.
Besides, a government has no right to
claim the cover of juvenility. Govern
ment is mature. and must be response
bic. otherwise it would be entitled to
no respect.
When the republicans, therefore.
claim that honest government is a nov
city, they Islander the capacity Of the
American people. The fault is not in
tho people but in the rewarding of per-
sonal henchmcn for dirty, political
work done. Rathbone waswell known.
Nicely was a sop to republicanism in
Indiana political guild pro quo. The
administration departed from the Sc
lection OF tried public men for these
trusts. and rewarded instead a lot of
wardheelers, who had to get their mon
ey back while they had the chance.
VIII The Press answer directly the
question why it should cost so much
more to govern 100000 people in Gu
ba than 1t does to govern 100000 In
Pennsylvania
The Atlanta constitution. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1885-19??, 1900-05-28
Who Is PespcnsibleP

IL Is now a foreeone conclusion that
thu Nicaragua canal bill. having passed
the house of representatives VIII be
held I'D in the senate. and the whole
matter will be thrown into uncertainty
once more.
Thus one OF the most popular meas
ures ever brought before the American
neopla has been strangled at the hands
OF protesting friends. and tho question
OF responsibility therefor must natural
" arise. All parties have been commit
ted 20 tho completion Of this most nee
essary work. The reasons for il arc so
many and so urgent that they will not
bear reDetition. Statesmen have uni
formlv declared themselves 10 be In It's
favor. even while II was known that
some OF them were its secret enemies.
The administration itself is pledged to
the construction OF this canal. and yet
when the project has assumed that
shane which only needed the word OF
the senate 10 place It in the presidents
hands IL Is the administration which
puts on the brakes and refuses progress
TO the measure.
What does all this mean? Behind
such a neglect OF national duty and
such a surrender to ignoble influences,
there must be some strange story
which. il told. would shed a food of
light upon the whole transaction. Has
the administration acted at the behest
Of the trans-continental railroad com
NAMES. or has it obeyed an order from
Lord Paunccfote, who holds a refusal
10 PASS this bill rs a club with which
TO enforce the ratification Of the treaty
recently made?
These are Questions which will not
down, and despite the efforts to ignore
them. and resolutions which may be
passed in Philadelphia, the republican
party and the administration win he
held responsible for the failure to pass
the bill.
The Atlanta constitution. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1885-19??, 1900-05-28
The Lesson of the Primary.

Why should not the lesson taught by
our recent primary lead to its universal
adoption all over the state?
The object OF a primary election In
Georgia Is to ascertain the popular will
and any system which fails of that pur-
pose is inadequate and should be re-
placed by one which is better. In states
where the population is of such charac-
ter that the decision OF public questions
can be left TO the regular election, the
opposing candidates may very well be
placed on the field by caucuses, or by
personal motion. This, as every man
knows, is impossible. The safety of
home. of wife. mother and children.
all depend upon the unity and concert
OF action OF tho white race. Georgia
cannot afford To commit her interests
10 an election which necessitates an ap-
peal 10 the vote of an inferior race.
The primary, with US, is the election.
and. therefore, the primary should be
rendered as general as possible.
The state executive committee order
ed a primary for statehouss officers on
the 18th OF May. That was as far as it
was authorized TO go. because county
committees control local nominations.
In over half of the state these county
committees recognized the Importance
ot tho step by punching all the nomi-
nations. The result was, first the
largest registration therein ever made
by democratic voters. and secondly a
larger vote in the primary than had
ever been cast in a regular election.
Thus the true purpose OF the primary
was accomplishments of obtaining q
full expression of ths popular voice.
Now this Is Just what was not OBJ
tanned in the counties which failed to
act in concert with the state. In these
counties the vote was small in the pri-
mary and will bo small in the regular
election. Nominations for the legisla-
ture and for county officers Will be
made in a desultory sort OF way during
the summer in the counties which have
not acted. which may be satisfactory TO
some of the candidates but not to the
mass OF the people. who win not take
zine 20 go to the polls. The answer to
this assertion will bs found on the call
OF the roll. when tho facts Will be dis
closed. and not by pTe-primary protes-
tations.
In this whole matter there Is but one
thing To be considered-the safety and
convenience OF the people themselves
10 whose will the candidates must con-
form. That safety demands the harmo-
NOUS action Of the white race. under
such conditions that each county may
90 its whols duty by all the others.
There Is no sound reason why. I'm the
future. I'll the nominations should not
bs punched by every county in the
state. That is the trend OF public opin-
ion, which cannot DO resisted.
The Atlanta constitution. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1885-19??, 1900-05-28
onlv q Friendly Suggestion.

II is announced that Senator Hanna
does not want to succeed himself as
chairman of the national republican
committee. and many suggestions are
being made to I'll his place.
In such an emergency a neighbor
might be permitted to throw sugges-
ton across the fence. The reasons
which led to the craftsmanship of Mr..
Hanna four years ago are well known.
He had backdoor privileges with the
trusts and big corporations. With his
left hand jingllng the change In his
pants pocket, he could hold out his
right for the five-tigured check, and
carefully placing it In his vest pocket.
would assure the dawn Of good busi-
ness year. Now that he IS not in good
trim for q continuance Of this work. it
would only be courteous to him to Sc
lect his closest political friend to take
his place
In q great emergency Mr.. Hanna
found Major T.. G. Rathbone to be
such a friend. This man represented
the doughty chairman in many delicate
transactions. and was generally found
to be discreet. He made one break, 1t
is true. which brought him unpleasant
notoriety, but IS the GROWERS We're on
ly democrats that does not matter. Mr..
Hanna subsequently expressed his APP
prevail by having him placed in charge
OF an important government service
In Cuba What higher certificate OF
character need he present?
The duty OF 4 national chairman Is
TO raise money. as well as TO spend it.
His Ohio record shows that he knows
who TO spend it upon, and his Cuban
record establishes his adeptness as a
money-raiser. He possesses the neces-
sary requirements, and it would be
delicate compliment to the retiring
chairman to have him succeeded by
one in whom no has such implicit con-
fidence.
Why not Major Rathbone?
The Atlanta constitution. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1885-19??, 1900-05-28

publicans. sat in judgment upon a dis
puted presidential election. 1t was in
that body that these republican men,
bers. selected from the supreme court
itself. voted against going behind the
returns in order to find out the facts. 1t
served republican interests at that time
to ignore the facts. and to depend upon
grossly fraudulent papers presented TO
them and they did SO. Why did not
these republican members OF the cleo
toral commission, selected from the
supreme court, declare their readiness
to hear from the majority OF the votes
which were being suppressed by certain
legal reports, assuming to represent the
facts? IL Justice Harlan's views should
ever become the opinion of the court
OF which he is a member there would
no longer be either state sovereignty
or even congressional Independence.
for the supreme court. assuming to it.
self all power. would become the final
directory which would repeat the con-
duct OF the body of that name which
once came into power in France.
1t is fortunate FOR the country, how
ever. that though there has been occa-
sional evidences of zeaiotry on the
part of individual members, that the
supreme court as a whole has main
tanned its impartial character and has
been the sheet anchor OF our liberties
whenever attacked by INSCRIPTIONS
politicians.
The Atlanta constitution. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1885-19??, 1900-05-28
The Last Of Don Caffery.

The election by the Legislature OF
Louisiana OF Hon. Murphey j. Foster to
the United States senatorship marks
the last Of Don Caffery.
The retiring senator was one of those
men who concluded to stand by Mr..
Cleveland rather than to represent the
overwhelming wish OF the party. Al
though representing a southern state,
and one which had suffered most from
the evils OF reconstruction, Senator
Ceffery has been the ally and the COM
rade of the men who Crucificd the peo-
pie OF Louisiana in the day Of their
peril. and who stood ready to repeat the
operation whenever called upon to
do so.
There are a great many ways in
which a man can win q record for per-
sonal Independence. but one of the
poorest of these methods is the betray-
al Of the confidence Teposed by trust
ing people. One by one these men have
been dropped by the democracy of the
nation. as they held up their head for
Endorsement. Whatever excuse may be
made for democratic indictments OF the
northeast. they at least had consider
able public opinion behind them, but
for those OF the west and south. who
knew that they had no constituency,
ultimate retirement was all that they
could expect.
Senator Gallery was one OF the most
super-serviceable OF this class of repub-
lican assistants. and it was foregone
conclusion that when the roll was call
ed again in his state his name would
not head the list.
The Atlanta constitution. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1885-19??, 1900-05-28
Cotton as a Surplus Crop.

The cotton firm failure which Is Jus.
now the prevailing topic with young.
men who raise their cotton In the
bucket shop rather than in the field,
has stirred anew the question: "What
can the planter do in order to avert
the sharks which beset him?"
The answer comes from that most
practical OF men-Mr. d. A. Tompkins:
"Raise what you need, and your sur
plus cotton will take care of ITSELF"
The most restless thing in the world
IS a cotton bale under mortgage. The
touch OF the boil to the finger is repel-
liant; as it gathers in the basket it has
a disposition to fry away; it resists the
process OF baling and once within the
iron bands il feels as IL it must be on
the move. It's price has been received
and consumed in the nav OF destruc-
tive mouths before. Even the farmer
has an uneasy feeling as he looks at 1t.
He knows it has no place in his barn,
aud that it is his duty to ship it to its
rightful owner at once. Even as ne
looks at Il. he has oreakfasted upon
bacon to pay for which not even the
seed OF next years crop has been select
ed. Such man can have no surplus
he does not understand what it means.
But the cotton bale upon which no
obligation is outflow contented 1t
looks as IL nestles In the corner IN
which It rightfuliv belongs. It's owner
has food n year anead: he is no man
mental: he can afford to say no to the
king. Everything no has is surplus. and
feels at homo in his possession. What
T. cotton wreckers are playing with the
market--they cannot catch him. lie
sells in his own time, and has some
thingeto say about the terms. lie is
waiting upon the cotton mill man and
not upon tho speculator. The man with
estimates. who plays upon the price
three and four months since, has no
knife M his sleeve which can reach the
planter who lives at home.
It takes a little calculation to get
into this happy condition, but 1t is pos
sibla to every man who gives his mind
to it
The Atlanta constitution. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1885-19??, 1900-05-28
L nhis Ill Truep

As Tho philadelphia Press esteems
itself 10 10 the sentinel upon tho Watcn-
tower. since the republican convention
10 70 meet there IN few weeks, its
utforancos arc to be received with re-
doubled interest.
nor instance the attack of Senator
pacon Of Georgia. upOn tho corruption
boirq developed in Cuba, has serious
" disturbed The Press. 1t holds that
tho president IS doing what he can TO
rim the rascals down but 1t IS forced
10 admit:
eo-to,,s This scandal is. As Senator
Pratt said Yesterday. senator Bacon mas
- ,,,o,oroiv Of the shame and humilia-
ton felt over its revelations. CareluI &C.
lections were made Tor theSe poatS. nc
men chosen failed under temptation.
Novel surroundings, large temptations
ana the opportunities of a newly organiz-
ed service proved too much Tor tnelf IN
territv This Is the familiar experience
f.,.or,. Great business when II newly
orea oizes a branch. II IS so when ratl-
roads acquire a new branch' so When
nlant' near or distant. and SO when
,r,ro"t deno rtrnpnt store opens or acquires
+ new store in another CITY.
Tho shame is too evident to be de-
MED or excused. but is it true that
careful selections were made? Let us
bo sure OF our facts as wo 60 Siong.
When President Mckinley put Major
Rathbone into a responsible position.
ives he not aware of his Ohio record?
Would the stockholders of The Press,
with the legislative report of Rath-
bones part in bribing members of the
Ohio legislature before them. have Sc
Iec.ed him as business manager OF
their property? His character was as
well known on the day that this report
was presented as it is today, and yet
he was appointed to responsible trust
in order to pay Mark Hanna's debts.
Then the plea about novel sur
roundings is playing the baby act Was
It novel" surrounding to be merely
honest? Are there not in the United
States men to whom the transaction of
honest business is not novel? Govern
The Atlanta constitution. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1885-19??, 1900-05-28

That -ho call for the disfranchise-
ucu- a. fire negro. made from the
north. should be followed by q demand
fo- HIS re-elsiavem from the same
section. IS only another evidence Of the
political Ceviousness 81 the same Sec
ticl.
New York city has 2 clergyman. Rev.
Henry Frank, pastor OF tho Metropoli-
tan church, Who leads n the new cru
saFe-
IT. his sermon I7st Sunday Mr..
Frank went OF 70 say:
The most Ger,orahge social situation
which "a civilized ans intelligent people
have ever deliberately brought upon
themselves 8 witneseed today n the re-
f-rlr~ ~ the southern negro 20 his en-
~irc-urrt- Judging by the history ~
the ue-ru Tor over four thousand years.
We rrr s--~aH fa assert that the most
fortunate Circumstance that ever bcfeil
him was his elsl2ve meut on American
soil. and she consequent moral discip-
uue Il leFtcwcd up7n MIN.
7 am EreuIv aware that such state
r-eur made thirty years after the dis
CurLrElrleUt o. the negro. and delivered
on q northern platform betcre q C0ngre-
cation ~ Intelligent people. may seem
h1rsh- IT'S native siuggtshness. the evil
der.ccs o. his Gradual extinction since
ft- e7-fre rc-t.s-rl mt. his tmEsrcentibio
frr-0-rvsrreut since liberation his start
linz lapse into harb7risTn. al must in
citre t1.lri-iz.r people u conclude that tho
Tr-g-re II tho ucsro has proved a dis
Hsrrrus failure Ercr- thinking man.
rlu-r believe that the franchise must 10
removed from the negro. IN such places
a. beast where negro fgfraCe must mean
rrero domination. The u-hite people %
The south see that TO other course thar
6ssfrauCniEemclt % The negro viii re-
deeIl tls honor Ent safety OF their
Tse free negro often becomes n brutal
beast more ozr-ersus H. . community
than G Wild bull Eha southern peSule
By constantly recurring evidences OF his
sewage deSeaeracy- 1 contend that the
rer-a requires. FOR his own sake as well
as that OF society. moral and legal re-
er~nfur He was = safer man when no
v-rs q slave than he - AS "A citizen "A
new system ct voluntary and penal ser
vItude shsu'd be lEEtttutel. both for his
t,rutrcrior and development ana that OF
tic uztlon = section o. country should
D., set apart 70 which E4 negroes would
=, permitted 20 voluntarily migrate and
fEe-a yield themselves as slaves TO such
uersous as would agree 10 possess them
ana give them humane treatment aud
education II such an invitation today
were extended to the negroes OF the
south I yer sire 10 Say hundreds of them
voul- era refuIiy accept
Ii. Frank is both right and wron. in
what lie has 10 say. When LIZ pictures
ths SUPERIOR condition % the negro race
under The CID rule. bringing him under
wholesome q iscipllns and advancement
h. on'y repeats what tho peop.e of the
south said nefore, war took the matter
in hard. The men Of Angl0-Saxol mold
who rad fo- two centuries studied out
this problem.-presented the facts with
ell the eIoquencs possible. but fanati-
The Atlanta constitution. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1885-19??, 1900-05-28

cism was on rampage and would not
listen to reason. Fanatieism has done
its work. and now awakens to the re-
suit in the presence of dangerous class
in the body polite, which may always
be called upon by social wreckers. and
which will never add feathers weight
TO the elevation Of the country.
But when the speaker intimates re-
turn In any Shape to slavery he is
wrong. The southern white man, freed
OF the incubus. will neither resume the
relationship of master himself nor per-
nit others to do so. The negro is a free
man forever TO remain so, and he can
never be returned as a charge TO those
who do not want him. But the white
men OF the south can be trusted to
give him the most intelligent direction
possible.