The Irish standard., 1900-02-10
THE LEGISLATIVE BODY.
Confusion Oh the Subject In Stnte
Constitutions and Books Of
References,

Con fusion On the Subject In stote
Constitutions and Books Of
Reference.
The members or the union of states
| have chosen various terms to designate
their lawmaking bodies and the two
PARTS of those bodies; bat these ten us
are often disregarded where accuracy
is very desirable. Newspapers and per-
sons constantly speak OF the "lrsisla
ture" when in fact the name of the
law-making body OF the state referred
to is something very different. Pick up
an almanac and y Il are likely to find
that it uses the term legislature for
every state in the union, where the fact
is that less than half of them have leg
/ lslatureS. What is more remarkable.
( ii you turn to one OF the several ell
cyclopedias you will be unable to find
! what the various states call their law
making bodies. The best encyclopc-
dias tell you that the legislatures" OF
certain states meet at certain times.
although these states have no lcgisla
ure. Nearly every state has at lcaS,
dozen or q score, yet search made
/ in large number of these histories
showed that many of the historians
either did not know what was the name
OF the lawmalling body in their states
or they We're too careless to use the
proper term.
AS almanacs, encyclopedias and his
tories are not to be trusted. it is not
an easy task always to find out the
proper names of the lawmaling bodies
of the states. One place where the
names can be found is in the constitu-
tons of the states, but even the state
constitutions themselves are, some of
them, rather careless in this respect.
and giving their trainers the benefit of
the doubt it may still be said that
the constitutions present a great de-
gree of variety and lack of uniformity.
Some of the state constitutions after
providing for Il lawmaking body, take
the trouble to say specifically that, for
instance, it "shall be designated the
general assembly," The constitution
of Michigan does not specifically give
a name to the lawmalling body, but re-
fcrs to it as the Legislature; and the
enacting clause of Michigan laws is
simply 1.-The people of Michigan en-
act" Like Michigan. the states of New
York. New Jersey and Wisconsin do
not specifically say in their constitu-
tons that the name of the lawmaking
body shall be called the legislature, but
the term Legislature is used to describe
the lawmaking body. And as in the
case of Michigan the term legislature
does not appear in the enacting clause
of the laws. New Hampshire has gen
eral court. yet the constitution of that
state uses at times the term legisla-
ture. The constitution of Virginia, ar
ticlc w., says in section %: "The leg
islature shall have power" and i'm see
ton "a: 1.-THE general assembly shall
have power" The fact that one of
these sections was in the original con-
stitution and the other is an amend
mcnt may account for this aggravated
case. Pennsylvania is Il commonwealth
and has general assembly. yet in
places the constitution uses the terms
state and legislature. L anyone wants
to know what is the best name for the
lawmaking body Of u state he should
ask Kansas. The Kansas constitution
of 1855 provided for Il general ASSEM-
bly,. that of 1857 for a legislature, that
Of 1858 for general assembly. and
that of 1850 for Il legislature. Other
states have also changed the name OF
the Legislative body.
The constitution Of 1SGG-G7 Of the
state of Nebraska vested the Legislative
authority of the state in a general as,
srmhly," and at The same time provided
that the cnncting clause of laws should
be "Be il enacted by the legislature
OF the state" The next constitution,
however. made the term read ryisa-
turr in both places
Oregon was the first state To tlc<i"-
nate its lnwmakng body the lcgisln
tive assembly, and it WAS followed in
this matter by the new states of Mon
tann and North Daknta. MasSarllu-
sctts and New Hampshire are the only
two states that have general courts;
10 have legislatures and The remains
ing 81 have general assemblies. II
will thus be seen that legally the term
general assembly is the most popular
but there is no doubt that popularity
the term legislature is far and away
the most in general use.
The states have nearly all agreed on
the same two terms. senate and house
OF representatives. to designate the
two parts of the lawmaking body. How
ever, California, Nevada. New York
and Wisconsin use the terms senate
and assembly. Maryland Virginia and
West Virginin, the terms senate and
house of delegates, while New Jersey
is the solitary state that uses the terms
senate and general assembly All the
states except the eight mentioned use
the terms senate and house of repre-
sentatives.
All members of the union call them.
selves states except Kentucky Massa-
chusetts, Pennsylvania and Virginia
which call themselves commemorative
Rhode Island is unique in calling itscl!
"rhc State of Rhode Island and proyi
dence Plantations.'
North Carolina once called its lower
house 1.-THE house of commons."-N,
Y. Sun.
Boiling in Liquid Air.
Liquid air is so cold that mercury i'm