davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1900-05-05
African WaY Words.

WhilA- ttllsa.zsnrzrrt-z1es@4 es@4
. following list e BECOME famiiiaa oe.
all readers of 5 olth african war news,
their exact definitions are not thor
oughly known. These words are
mostly of Dutch, Portuguese and Kafr
origin
Commaudo-A body OF Boer troops;
originally an unauthorized body OF
raiders.
Burgher-A Boer over IL years OF
age.
Drift-A shallow formed by drifting
sands or gravel; a ford.
Kloof-A gully.
Kopje-A low, fiat topped hill; ;butte,
frequently abbreviated kop.
Kraal-A corral; in South Africa
primarily collection of huts encir-
cling an inclosure for cattle, or the
inclosure itself; a village within a
stockade; a ranch, also spelled krawl.
Laager-An encampment; an in
closure for temporary defense, formed
by the wagons of a travelling party; to
form defensive incsosure, as to laager
wagons.
Nek-A depression of neck between
and connecting two lills.
Poort-A mountain divide or pass,
literally gate.
Rand-A margin, border or edge,
as a bank Of stream; brim, shore.
etc.
Trek-To draw; pull; Journey.
Trekking-Moving along or of.
The early nomad habit OF the Beers of
immigration further and further into
the interior was so called.
Veldt-A grassy plain with few
trees. Plains entirely destitute of
timber are called high -yeldt. brush
veldt is a level tract thinly covered
with underground. The nature of
the grass produced distinguishes the
tie sweet from sour Yeldts-
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1900-05-05

per dipping !52Dlhe ~1o1rrn year,
at the end of which the farm is
usually abandoned aud turned oyer
to the timber men, although some of
the smaller landowners in the older
districts, especially in North and
South Carolina, work their trees as
long as they can get anything ont OF
them.
The stills usually hold from 10 to
so barrels of crude and are made OF
"copper" The kettle, which is in a
brick setting with furnace underneath,
has an opening near the bottom with
a gate faucet out of which to run the
charge after d:stillation.
A little wster is run in when the
still is charged and heat applied
gently at first, being gradually in-
creased until the whole mass reaches
the boiling point, where it is main
tanned during the remainder of the
process. The steam produced by the
evaporation of the water passes over
into the worm, bringing the turpen-
tine in vaporized form with it, and,
being condensed, runs off into a
vessel placed to receive it, il which
the water settles to the bottom and
the turpentine, being of less specific
gravity, collects on the surface and is
! dipped off into barrels. Water is con-
stantIy added to assist in the vapor-
ization and to prevent burning Of the
charge. With glass the distiller
notes the proportion of spirits and
water coming over, and when the
spirits has decreased to about one
tenth of the whole the distillation is
stopped and the remainder Of the
II 1TSs 5isst-7-zT-s1ny q first through stfaIner
of No. s mesh, next through one of
about No. 40, and last through No.
so mesh. While still hot it is dipped
up into barrels.
The number of charges per day
which can be run in still OF ordinary
capacity is from two to five, depend
ing on the character of the crude and
The time of distillation.
A charge OF - barrels of cruGe gum
should yield 100 to 130 gallons spirits
and seven or eight barrels of rosin.
Spirits of turpentine fresh from the
still is perfectly clear and transparent,
with faint, pleasant, aromatic odor,
and is very different from the i'll
smelling, yellowish liquid that We
usually see in paint stores.
The spirit barrels are prepared by
being coated on the inside with glue,
which, being insoluble in turpentine,
renders them impervious to the action
of the liquid and prevents leakage.
There are Is recognized grades of
rosin.
During the latter part of the sea-
son. as the weather becomes cooler
ard the flow of sap diminishes, the
gum forms on the boxed face in a
hard, white mass, greatly resembling
horeycomb. The seraping off and
.distilling of this is the last operation
of the season. This scrape, which
amounts to from 20 barrels per crop
the first year to 100 barrels il the
fourth, produces rosin OF an inferior
grade and but little turpentine.
The next important step is the ship
ping of the finished product. The
stills are usually situated at con-
siderable distance from transporta-
.tion, and most of the larger operators
either build tram--oads to reach the
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1900-05-05
A Race of Dwars.

Workmen terracing King Hill, a
landmark of northwestern Missouri,
which is to be converted into a resi-
dence suburb of ST. Joseph have un-
eartbed q prehistoric cemetery, says
the ST. Louis Globe Democrat. The
remains OF a race OF dwarfs not allied
with any tribe known to have inhab-
lied this territory and unaccounted
for by Indian legends, reposed on the
summit of the hill, which rises alb
ruptly from the Missouri river bottom
to a height of 1000 feet.
Low, fiat heads, with small intelli-
gence and marked animal propensities,
characterized this people. Heavy Jaws
and well preserved teeth carry the
records of their lives forward, in
humane, self-re.iant, unbridled by
brain or conscience, they were savages
of lower order than we know today.
Yet they honored their dead, as is
shown from the arrangement OF the
graves and the objects found in them.
the rayages of time have left but
fragmen:ary parts upon the skeletons,
which crumble into ashes upon expo
sure and handling
King Hill, in the early days OF ST.
Joseph, was desolate place. From
one side the pioneers quarried stone
used in building, walling wells and for
other like necessities. As 4 1IaGauu = "a
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1900-05-05

sn1pping point Or else make use o.
those built by the sawmill people.
The rosin, which is shipped id very
rough barrels, made at the still, and
holding $50 or 400 pounds is, upon
its receipt by the factors at the sea-
port, first weighed, then graded and
after reheading, is stored in open
yards, to be presently loaded upon
vessels for export. The vessels usu-
ally employed in the foreign trade are
Norwegian and Swedish barks of a
tonnage varying from 500 to 100
tons.
The spirits receive alather different
treatment, being run from the cars
under open sheds aid the barrels
emptied and reglued if necessary.
The spirits is then rebarreled, if
destined for export, or run into ta1k
cars, if for shipment TO the interior.
A shipload OF spirits when the price
is ruling between 80 and 40 cents per
gallon is rather more valuable than
the average reader would at first sup
pose.
By far the largest amount of rosin
produced is consumed in the manu-
facture of soaps and varnishes, of
which it is an important constituent.
A great deal of it is redistilled for
rosin oil, which is used as basis for
various grades OF machine oils and in
the manufacture of wagon grease,
printing inks and lacqners.
Spirits of turpentine is used in the
manufacture of varnishes and paints,
and to some extent in chemical opera
tions and medicine. 8 cientitic Amer
iooD
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1900-05-05
Loss orLire in ararlboroush,s Battles.

A~o>~ o' h-itS 'h D'@sft~''
The English contingen during the
wars ot William III of Marlborough,
of Prince Ferdinand OF brunswick,
were never large, aud yet We hear Of
20 lieutenants killed in ChurchilPs
brigade at Steenkirk, while the vic
torious French lost $40 officers killed
aud wounded. The total number OF
killed and wounded on both sides was
over G0a0. And this was by no means
al extraordinary case Take the very
ext battle in the book, that of Lin
den. The allies lost about II, 900
in casualties, the 19 British bat
talions losing 1873 officers. These
were unsucc ssful battles, but at
Blenheim we lost go killed and 1900
wounded, at Malplaquet, out of 20
battalions, 1900 men, and so on. The
conclusion would be forced upon us
that the older fighting at close range
with clumsy guns was far more bloody
than the work of our modern weapons
of precision at enormous distances,
did we not remember the days around
Metz and PleYna. London Spectator.
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1900-05-05
THE EXCAVATION OF UR.
The City Where Abraham Was Hcrn
1t Existed Thousands of Years Before.

The City Where Abraham Was Hcrn-
1t Existed Thousands of Years Before.
DR.. E. NJ. Banks of 10 0Appian Way,
Cambridge, Mass, recently United
States consul at Bagdad, is the direc-
tor of an expedition now being formed
to excayate Ur. The work is under
taken for the benefit of the Smithson-
ian Institution.
Ur lies half way between the ruins
OF Babylon and the Persian gulf and
is six miles south of the river Eu-
pirates. We must measure its his
tory by millenniums.' Lugal-kigub-
nidudu, king of Ur, is probably the
earliest monarch mentioned in his
tory. AS long before Afraham's time
as Abraham was before our time, Ur
was a great city According to the
stories in Genesis, Abraham was born
there, and so was Sarah; there they
spent their youth and were married.
At Ur Abraham and his people had
their first glimpse of what was to be-
come the Hebrew religion. From
there they emigrated to Syria. AS he
centre OF the worship of Sin, he
Moon-God, the importance OF Ur con-
tinued for three and a-half millen-
NUNS, down to the end of the Baby
lonian empire. The great temple,
Gish- shir-gal. the home of Sin, is the
hest preserved OF any of The specimens
of Babylonian architecture still stand
ing.
Half century ago Mr.. Taylor, a
British consul, madeLsome excava-
tions, resulting in the discovery Of
the inscriptions of King Nabonidus,
which speak of the crown prince, the
Belshazzar of the Bible, whom schol-
ars of Mr.. Taylor's dass regarded as
a mythical character. gne work thus
begun, but afterward strangely aban-
doned, should now be- renewed, not
only for its own sake but also be-
cause the people of Nasaria (the most
modern town in Bab3ionia aud but
half an hour away, are beginning to
dig bricks from the ruins, destroying
the tablets and defacing the inscrip-
tions which they unco{er. The faciii-
ties OF Nasaria will enable ezcavators
to dispense with the tliscomforts of
camp life in the deselt While the ex-
cayations accomplished by Mr.. Tay-
lor, together with his accurate draw
ings, will enable new expedition to
reach results with a great saving OF
time and expense.
The present appearance OF Ur is
that of three stories Of an ancient
temple rising 70 feet above she plain.
Surrounding the temple is group OF
naunds-half--a-a,.ile ~ ;liarls ta,e-
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1900-05-05
ANNIE LAURIE.

Across the sea q fragment,
Blown with the spray and mist,
Shoreward from rosy distances,
Where shade and shine hold trys:,
An OLD song set in colorings
OF gold and amethyst.
A ship on the horizon
Where misty curtains cling,
Lightly to clearer levels
Her sails Of violet swings;
A schooner nearing the harbor.
Listen, The sailors sing:
'Maxwelton brae5 are bonnie
Where early fa's the dew.
Twas there sweet Annie Laurie
Gave me her promise true.
o. the rainbow lights OF Eoyal oj
Kindle my skies anew.
l"'Maxwelton hraes are bonnie
3 How sweet that old refrain,
The promises Of morning
Break into bloom again.
And on the lowly roof | hear
ThY music OF the rain.
"Maxwelton braes are bonnie,
There's mother at the door.
The cattle down the duSky lane
: are coming as OF yore,
And mounted on the pasture bars,
swing and sing once more.
"Maxwelton braes are bonnie,
D, bonnie maid Of mine,
Thro' all the mists of distance
Again the dark eyes shine;
The world is full of music,
And living seems divine.
Across the sea a fragment,
Blown with the spray and mist.
Shoreward from rosy distances,
Where shade and shine hold tryst,
a vision and a memory,
In gold and amethyst.
Jennie Bodge Johnson, in Lewiston
Journal.
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1900-05-05
Tea Drinking in Europe.

The cup which cheers and which
women have come to associate with
all that is homelike and comfortable,
has found favor in France, and ''le fiji
O'Clock" has now become quite a ia.
vorite little domestic function in
Paris. Even in distant Italy the
charms of fragrant cup OF tea have
made themselves felt, and Italian So
ciety now chats over the teacups and
delights over th2 dainty accessories
of the coy and refreshing little mea!
with much the same satisfaction as
We do, Chicago News.
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1900-05-05
HE KNEW ALL ABOUT GUNS.
He Paralyzed the Clerk and Was Himself
Palsied in Turn,

He PsralyzeG the Clerk and Was Himself
Palsied in Turn.
The man who thinks he can shoot
entered Washington sporting goods
store recently and looked with the
critical, examining glance which at
once stamps one as being sportsman
of experience, at new model shot
gun.
He deftly raised the weapon to his
shoulder and squinted down the pol
ished barrel with regular trap-gun-
ninety-nine- out Of -a-hundred squint.
He tossed it st different angles,
dropped it in the hollow Of his arm,
fingered the safety lever with skilled
hand and lovingly snapped the trig-
gers.
He opened the breech and held the
barrel between his eye and the light
from the window and said something
about the advantage Of using :"barrel
rehectors' for cleaning.
The clerk was much impressed
He smiled.
The learned gunner talked of'choks
bores, =" "new l6-gauge, of the Few
"take down, single-barrel repeating"
shotguns being inferior to the old and
tried double-barr gun; of the rela-
tive qualities of damascus, ""double
laminated, decarbonized, ""fne three
blade" and other barrels; OF half
pistol grips" automatic electors"
and "solid strikers" :"
Eeexpatiated on nitro-powder guar;
antees,' - Glow circular hammers, and
explained to the clerk how easy it was
. to take out the safety plunger" with
safety. He was eloquent about mat
and other "traiectories. He knew
all about "globe," J" wind, f" knife
blade" !" ''bead" and peep sights.
The clerk was much impressed. He
laughed.
He gave practical illustration to
the admiring clerk of chow to stand
when trap shooting, without muscular
strain OF tremor." He demonstrated
the importance, where aperture front
sights" were used, of having the "aper-
ture in the bead ring the bulrs-eye." T"
Then he bought the gun.
A week later he returned to tue
store as mad as one of the hares he
had hunted.
Here, you" he cried to the clerk
angrily. 'Here, take this g'ln back!
You have cheated NE! 1t won't
shoot
u have tramped over the fields OF
Virginia foS- six Gam and hanged away
at st... al! ran; ranges at -, 3 - 9 =
have I brought do,rf the game;
nave snou dIIJ1Ily arm aches and my
shoulder Js>numb. Take it back or l
will kaSe you arrested for obtaining.
Ia5ney under false pretensesp
"What kind of shells have you been
using?" asked the clerk mildly.
''These."
'sOh, that's all right. Keep the
gun; it's good one The shells ere
blanks, that's all. :"
1t was enough.-Wasnington Star.
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1900-05-05

paste and then lining" the hair.
The contrast of the white heads with
the dark-skinned bodies is not only
effective, but becoming.
The language of the Samoans is par
ticularly SOFT. the frequent use of the
letters +, and !, in such words as
la-lai. good; alofa, compassion, and
ma-alibi being examples.
Though the smallest of the larger
Samoan islands, Tutuila is considered
the most fertile and capable OF devel-
opment Sugar, cotton, coffee and
cocoanuts can be produced = the lat
ter, of course, in the form OF copra, or
the dried kernel used for the manu-.
factrre OF cocoanut oil, being the
chief staple of export. The fall, how
ever, in the price of copra during the
last few years from 1925 to SO ton
has made the industry less remunera-
tive.
:Tutuila possesses several species of
birds doves, paraquets, water-hens
and wild duck, as also the vampire
bat in great numbers, which are re-
garded by the natives as the embodi
ment of the evil spirit. Lizards also,
of considerable size, are to be found,
and it is asserted both land and water
snakes are not uncommon, the former
of dark olive color, the latter marked
with yellow and black longitudinal
stripes, while others have black and
white rings. None Of the reptiles on
the island, however, are venomous.
Of quadrupeds there are few beside
the descendants of imported pigs.
Historically, Tutuila is entitled to a
little chapter of it's own, quite apart
from the rest of the group. Origin
ally discovered in May, 1878, by Bou-
gainviile, the French navigator, it
was about century later the scene Of
what is known as the "Astrolabe mas
@sacre. - In the year 17SS the French
'-c,o-.er. - c,sF- fitted o'sa-s-.1--=z.-=-
the Astrolabe and the Bussole, under
the command of the celebrated narl-
gator, La Perouse, for a voyage, the
aim of which was to discover the
northwest passage. After various ex-
periences, among which La Perouse
and his companions sighted Mount
Saint Elias in Alaska, and crossed the
Pacific to Siberia, they retraced their
course through the South seas to Tu
tuila, where in the bay now desig
mated Massacre Cove De Langle, the
second in command of the expedition,
De Lammon, the naturalist, and ten
of the crew Of the Astrolabe were en-
ticed on shore and treacherously mas
sacred. On account Of the reported
ferocity of the inhabitants, from that
period until comparatively recent
times, Tutuila was carefully avoided
both by Europeans and the other
islanders, so that it has maintaiped
its independence under its own chiefs
almost up to the present day, thus
escaping the baleful effects of the late
struggle for supremacy among the
contending factions in the other
islands of Samoa New York Post.
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1900-05-05
THE ISLAND OF TUTUILA.
CHARACTER AND HISTORY OF THE
LATEST AMERICAN ACQUISITION.

Our Share of the Samoan Group The
Isle Is of Volcanic OrIgin-Its Fertility
decline of the Copra Industry - The
When the size and Importance OF
tie territorial acquisitions which have
been made to the United States dur
ing the past year are considered, it is
perhaps surprising that the little
island of Tutuila in the Samoan group
the latest addition to American
soil = should come under the dominion
of the Stars and Stripes without much
comment. Yet Tu:uiIa and its in
habitants have points of interest quite
worthy of more than passing notice.
OF volcanic origin, the island occu-
pies an area of about So square miles
and nearly 100 in circumference. The
outline of the coast is irregular, with
several good harbors, of which Pago-
Pago, nearly cut ing Tutuila IN half,
and for some time already occupied
by the United States as coaling sta
tion, is the chief. Leone bay is also
capable of sheltering large fotilla
of vessels, and Massacre Cove" has
a special historical interest.
While the aspect of the immediate
shore is tropical, with a fringe Of
palms, the interior is mountainous,
thickly wooded and broken by nu-
merous pictures lue valleys through
which rippling streams hasten to the
ocean.
Together with the adjacent islets,
Tutuila has a population of about
4000-a fine, stalwart race Of people,
whose principal occupation is fishing.
This pursuit they carry on with the
aid of two-pronged spear, with line
and hooks, the latter made out Of bone
and shell, and with nets made from
the bark of the hibicus, the bread
fruit, the banian and other trees.
The Tutuliaus manufacture also a
peculiar paper. like substance from
pulp, called tapa, which they use for
the bl IS and mats of .heir matched
huts. Wonderfully carved clubs and
spear. are offered to the passengers
of trans Pacific steamers, but there is
q suspicion prevalent that these are
now expressly made in Germany for
the island trade. Who knows but
that this may prove new industry
for enterprising home manufacturers?
A peculiar custom of the Tutuilans
which impressed itself upon the writer
when visiting the island IA, -, -
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1900-05-05
DANGERS OF SNAP JUDGMENT.
Beware of Reaching a Conclusion on In
sufficient Evidence.

Beware of Reaching Conclusion on In
sufficient Evidence.
A merchant of New Orleans tells to
a newspaper writer of that city sto Y
which impressively illustrates the
dangers of coming to conclusion
hastily and on insufficient evidence.
He says that one day he had by an
accident. smeared one of his hands
with paint, and stepped into hotel
where he was well known to wash it
off, He took from MS finger yalu-
able diamond solitaire ring and hung
it on the faucet while lie was washing
his hands. Then he dried his hands
on towel and went away, forgetting
the ring.
Half an hour later, at friends Of
fee, he missed the ring, and rushed
back to the hotel to look for it. Il
was gone. He called the porter, who
told him that he had seen one of the.
bell boys take something from the
faucet a fcW minutes befofe and lastly
disappear through the back doot Of
the house. He told the name Of the
boy and the gentleman started aff to
raise al alarm.
On his way through the--oTce he
kout the .heSs name and de-
u. mat he had stolen the ring acd
escaped. He warned the hotel people
to have the boy arrested on sight.
Then he went out and gave the same
word to couple of police who were
near.
Within ten minutes he had made a
tour OF the neighborhood, telling
every one that the boy, whom he
named, had stolen his diamond ring,
and asking them to do what they
could to find and apprehend him.
Then lie went to his store, hot and
excited, and there, near his desk,
stood the bell boy with the ring III
his hand, waiting to give it to him.
He had found it on the faucet and,
knowing the merchant and that 1t
was he who left it, had proceeded with
it directly to his store to deliver 1t
into his hands.
The merchant was full of shame
when he saw this proof of the boys
honesty and faithfulness, and reflected
how widely he himself had spread a
false and damaging report against
him. He gave the boy so and did
his best to see everyone who had
heard the accusation; but he has little
doubt that the story vas repeated to
some one who will never hear or will
rot b: lieve the correction.
A false report not only travels
swiftly but widely, and it is next to
impossible for denial to follow ii
everywhere. The suspicion against
this boy may remain long in the
neighborhood.
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1900-05-05
nown to a Fine Point.

Kicker-Our butte eris getting busi-
ness down to fine po Mt, these days
of high priced beef; he even sells the
head and the tail.
Smoker Exactly. Has to make
ends meat, You know. = Harper's
BaZar.
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1900-05-05
QUAINT AND eRIoUs,

A Chicago woman, % years oM.
recently witnessed, wit bout pain, the
amputation of her right leg at the
hip. Her condition did mot permit the
use OF an anasthetic. aid the nerves
in the leg were deadened by the in
lection of cocaine in the vertebral
cavity above the joint wIeie the nerves
controlling tie lower limbs branch
from the spinal cord.