davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1900-03-26
Did n Free-ship Policy Ever Benefit Any
NatiOne

To the Editor Of THE STN-Sr Much is said in
certain newspapers about our laws denying to Amsr
can citizens the right to purchase foreign built ships
~ course you know that our laws have never denied
This right To any American citizen. You are no do hi
aware that some 200. 900 or 400. 900 tons OF foreign.
built ships are at this moment owned by American
citizens. Does not Capt. John Goldman. the mo- st per
sIstent advocate OF free ships, admit that there is
nothing TO attract foreign built ships under our tiag
unless they are permitted to engage in our protected
coa,twlSc trade
Win you not rxplain what it is that would induce
Americans to purchase foreign built ships and place
them under our flag Are not foreign ships given
every privilege in or foreign trade that Is enjoyed by
American ships
Who are the American owners Of foreign built ships
that are asking the privilege Of American registry Tor
them II, under oar nag. such ships world be
eligible to receive subsidies and bounlirS, or 10 en-
gage in our coastwise trade, that might explain why
they would desire American registry; hut is there any
other reason
OF what benefit since the close Of our Ciyl war ha,
the BRUSH Free Ship statute been To British ship.
owners Have brtons gone 10 other countries to
Shipact has not apprecebly aided in building upthe
British merchant marine
Granted that the purchase OF British bull, ships by
heneiit British NhipOwners'
What other nation than the United States denies
the right Of national registry 10 foreign built ships
owned by its citizens Dnrng the past unity rNr
years has any other nation denied that light IN ~
cItzenS' II, then. the free ship policy is an Rdyan
laRe IN maritime nations, why are not all OF sucn
nations doing at least the bulk Of their own foreign
carrying under their own hags' " It he admitted
that one OF two nations have benefited TO a certain
extent under = free ship policy what has prevented
all Of Them from b~enehung under IT.
What nations have built up their mercantile marine
through the free registry Of foreign built ships
WASHINGTON. March -.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1900-03-26
cheering and, to a limited extent. artillery.
The course Is two years.

cheering and, to q limited extent, artillery.
The curse Is two years.
The Cavalry and Light Artillery School
at Fort Riley, Kan, Is designed more par
ticularly to BIS "a school OF instruction for
drill and practice, the theoretical studies
being subOrdinateu to the practical work OF
these two arms ~ the service, 1t was es-
tablished In 1887. The commandants Of
the two arms are selected by the War De-
partlnent; the students are the officere
serving in the troops and batteries STA
toned there at any time.
Evidently, then, each school OF applica-
ton has its special mission. Only at
the Artillery School and the Infantry
and Cavalry School ara taught the higher
branches Of the art Of war, strategy
and military history, while none OF them
has a thorough course In the duties OF the
staff. Thus We have really no school at
which staff officers can be educated
and trained. and none in which II SUM-
Client course is given for laying the
foundation for the education Of officers for
the higher commands. Al Leavenworth the
subject OF tactics demands 50 much time
that the study Of strategy is necessarily
curtailed, and at Fort Monroe fertilization
! and artillery must absorb most Of the avail
| able time. A staff college Is therefore
needed to complete the present system OF
instruction, and this need Is one OF the
greatest needs Of the Army to-day.
Looking back over the history OF the stan
schools OF Europe, We see that they. too,
resulted from the experience in war OF the
nations concerned.
The great Berlin War Academy, estab-
lished in 1895, owe It's origin to the expert
ences Of FREDERICK the Great in the Seven
Years War; it has gradually grown to be
the highest military school of the world.
The French Ecole SuptrieIre de Guerre In
Paris was established by NAPOLEON |. in
1908; and the English staff College
at Camberley was established on account
! OF the great lack Of competent stan
officers in the Crimean War. These
schools have not only continued in existence
but have constant increased in importance
and in the number ~ students trained In
them. They nave SO proven their value 10
the Army and have grown so popular, that
! entrance can be gained only by competitive
examination, and barely twenty-five per
cent. OF the applicants can be admitted,
on account Of lack of facilities.
We, too, should take the lessons OF our
war to heart, and in a proper staff College
lay the foundation for "A future United
States Army, as perfect in stan officers and
Generals as the best that we may have To
| contend with.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1900-03-26
Italian Versus African Art,

TO THE EDITOR OF THE SuN-SN. Ino,ice in
your pa per Of TO day an inquiry as 10 whether ther,
is any chronological reason why an ltalIanis n bet
ter bootblack than an Irshman or an African"
cannot answer your correspondents question, bu,
perhaps | can put him on the track Of hndlng An
answer The industrious and successful negro who
formerly KEEP, and probably still keeps a boots,and at
the corner OF Eighty lnrst street and Columbus ave.
nue. told me SOM time ago that the reason h. could
produce a better shine than any Italian wasthnt the
secret Of success In the ar, lay in the qualify Of the
bret" This colorsd artist stated that he could blow
seven distinct qualities Of bret" I hope am no,
giving away any Of the secrets Of the trade, but as |
did no, undertake to verify the correctness OF his
philosophy ! would be very much gra,lnpd II your
correspondent would do so, and let your readers
know the result. Y.
NEW YORK. March "a,
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1900-03-26
Let the Noble Pile Alone!

There are rumOrs from Washington OF a
scheme to procure more committee room 8
in the Capitol by altering the ground plan
Of the existing structure; that is to say, by
erecting aprons in what are now deep
recesses in the two fronts.
The general effect Of such a change may
be perceived by glancing at the fine south
front of the City Hall in this town and i'm
agining what 1t would be II the middle were
built out flush, or nearly flush, with the
strongly projecting wings.
The United States Capitol is one OF the
most beautiful buildings on earth as it now
stands. The thrill which it produces in the
heart Of every sensitive beholder is not
merely Of sentimental patriotism. II would
be easy to tlatten and yulgarize its salts
factory proportions to a degree Of the com
monplare which not even the majestic dome
would redeem.
Better let well enough alone and gain ad.
ditiOnal room for the committees in some
other way.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1900-03-26
TIE GUNs ENGLAND POINTS AT US.
A Correspondents Idens On British Fortih'
cations In Thi. H-misphere.

To THE EDrTon or TnE SuS-STr !
have been much Interested In the
discussion OF tho position of England
In America" In your columns, ana
particularly In the contribution OF Mr. q W.
Dithr, dye In The SuS o: Saturday. Mr.. Dfh-
rldu, IL still convinced that the American
people will stand by these propositions: lhat
England Is the only danger that now mcnac"s
US" and that before Great Britain can have
any claim 20 our con iidence she must with
draw the threats In her militant nnd naval pos
sessions at Halifax. the Bermudas, Nassau. ~.
Lucia and EsquImalt
Tho trouble with Mr.. Dithridge IL that he
doesn't view the question from II lud'claI
standpoint: why not elaborate the above ana
insist that Great Britain, In order tn gain our
confidence. must stop building battleshlp' ana
armored cruisers? These are the real menace,
II there Is any the fortified depots are for the
use Of the ships. to repair. 10 coal. to obtain
supplies. &c.
Why. we shall probably fortify Manila. Does
that threaten Japan' II u good citizen has a
revolver IN his house, does that constitute Il
We are asked By Mr Dlthridge to believe
that the people OF Europe have cause TO be
grateful to America Are they, When We
OF the Continent az Judged by their public
press II was precisely the same then with re-
gard to vs. a. II l. now with regard to England.
Does Mr.. Dithridge know that to call a mar
an American on the Continent il synonymous
with calling him a swindlerI, As to the emu.
numbers OF them leave their country Tor their
country's good or to escape military service
and are looked down upon by those who re-
main behind.
Let us he fair. Let us recognize that Great
Britain has been as long on this continent a.
ourselves, that II we put disappearing guns ~
SANDY Hook she can iortify Bermuda, that II
we threaten her with war over a Venezuelan
question in which arbitration shows her To be
right she may build a naval station at EsIui-
malt. Let US remem Der that Canada may have
IA dream OF Manifest Destiny which clashes
with ours. and that any argument for the
Nicaragua Canal favorable TO us is also favora-
bla to Canada.
Think the British people. on the whole. are
friendly TO Us. Let US cultivate that friendship:
we are neighbors but let us have our national
deteuces in such condition that. be they friendly
or hostile. We shall be secure, and let them do
the same. FAIR PLAY.
BROOKLYN, March %,
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1900-03-26
The Army schools of Application.

The schools Of application for officers OF
the United States Army were organized for
the purpose OF instructing the subordinate
officers and the non-cOmmissiOned officers
Of the different arms Of the line Infantry,
cavalry, artillery and engineers in their
special duties, and to teach officers the
higher branches of the art Of war, with u
view 10 fit them for higher commands.
In order fully to understand the necessity
for a General STAFF College, as proposed by
the Secretary Of War, and warmly advo-
Gated by the most progressive of the Army
officers, a brief review of the present sys-
TEN OF instruction is almost a necessity.
The relations Of a stan college to this sys-
TEN then will appear clearly.
The earliest school for officers in this
country was the Artillery School at Fort
Monroe, Va, which was established soon
after the Civil War as the result Of the
experience OF that great struggle. The
commandment Is selected by the War Depart
ment, and the instructors are chosen mainly
on his recommendation. As students. four
Lieutenants from each regiment of artillery
arc detailed for a course ~ two wears. The
subjects Of study, according to the latest
recommendations, comprise, in four depart
ments, artillery and ballistics; military
engineering and the art Of war; steam,
mechanism, electricity and mines and
chemistry, explosives and photography.
The Engineer School at Willcts Point.
y. Y, was established originally about the
same time ms tho Artillery Schoo,. and is
also the result Of our experience in the
Civil War, Its present organization dates
from 1859. The c%ommandant is selected
by the Secretary of War ON the recon-
mendation Of the Chief of Engineers, the
instructors are the Captains on duty there,
and the students ar" the newly assigned
officers OF the Engineer Corps, and spe-
cially detailed officers Of the other arms.
The course comprises military engineer
ing, torpedo drills, civil engineering, field
astronomy and military photography For
engineers the course is two and onc-half
years. for other officers six months.
The Infantry and Cavalry School at Fort
Leavenworth, Nan. was established in
1881. Its commandment and instructors
are selected by the War Department, and
the students are Lieutenants OF infantry
and cavalry sent there from the different
regiments. The course comprises military
art. Infantry and cavalry drill, law, en-
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1900-03-26
Cane Colder Never Heard tn. linuo.

To THE EpIroR or The suS-S,r: Your onerv in
THE SCN OF the 10th. DO the women and men OF
Cape Cod say 'youmef'" attracted my attention.
but I though, It only . bit Of The suN's fun until
the response Of 'Excilis' in your Issue of the a2d
put o different phase on the question.
"Fxcilis' writes from Hyanuis, a village In the
town Of Barnstable. He has made a statement that
ought not to pass unchallenged. I am aware that
the testimony ~ a witness who dd hear il Of more
value than tina, OF forty who didn't. and I Am one
Who didn't. But | have known and loved Cape cod
for forty years. for the last Ave of which il has been
my privileSe to b" a resident AMI voter In the town
Of Barnstable. Asa native OF New York my ear has
been quick to detect pecularitles OF speech. many
OF which are quaint, and even Of infection; but, in
all those years have never enjoyed the privilege
accorded TO "Fxcilis" In two. | never heard
EQUINE 'thavne," or "weem.'
There Ia a district in Bsrnstable called "Happy
Hollow" Of which know nothing except tina, It's
reputation u unsayorv; It lies aijaccn, to the Hyan
mis- Post Once. 'Fxcilis' possibly may know more
OF it than do, and 1t NAV he that tho jewellers in
Happy Hollow say "yunme,' Sc. But that tn,
women and men OF Cape Cod say "youmr
'thayme' or 'vecm." ! deny and challenge ri
ellis to produce his proofs,
OF the residents in Happy Hollow but few. IL
any. are Of straight English stock with little adIniN
tnre Of outside, blood" on the contrary, they are
all "sdmi,ture. Al EXILE FROM CtPF Con.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1900-03-26
Medical Courts of Honor In Prussia,
rom ne N,iiodl Record.

'I'N' w ''''A
Redistribution OF professional courts Of honor j.
not a new one in Prussia. The army has its courts
NJ honor aud 50 has the legal profession. and on
April | the Br,rh N,tlcal .Journi y says. similar
courts for the medical profession are to come into
existence.
The plan Of organization il simple. In each dis
triCt where there il an t,r3skd rm,r representative
body Of doctorsl a court is to he established; il will
consist Of the President Of that body, three OF i,s
members, and In addition q in ige Of one Of the local
courts. A central supreme Court will act as court Of
appeal. and ia to consist OF - the Director Of the
Prussian Ministerial Medical Department. p four
members Of the C,ntral Committee OF the Ar.r.
k%dmmctn. Bl two medical men specially elected by
the King " Prussia.
The courts are to exercise iurisdiction over all
certified practitioners excepting medical officers OF
the Army and Navy and Others FOR whom A stat.
disciplinary board already exists, The scope ~
jur sdiction is defined by the new law as follows
Every medical man ia bound TO exercise his pro
fcssion consCiertiously. and by his bshiyiur-bo,h
in his professional and In his private life-to show
himself worthy Of tho respect which hi profes-
sion demands. 4 medical practitioner who fails
in the duties noun bent on him ~ subject to the in
fiction of a penalty by the court OF binor. Political
scientific aud religious opinions or actions Of a
practitioner as such can never form the subject OF
proceedings in a clu't Of honor The penalties
which the cont may Iutict are: T. Warning. 2 req
rimand o. hne. not exceeding 1000 marks CfI5O:
- temporary or permanent Withdrawal of the right
to cleo, members ot the ip,',kam m.r or 10 be
elected a member
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1900-03-26
In an Enemy's Camp.

The Hon. CRYING WINsLow, secretary Of
the New England branch ~ the Anti-Im-
perialist League, is still las busy ns a bee
in a tar bucket, "tousc a phrase OF THVRLow
WEEDS. Mr.. MISSIONS screw is regret
lably loose and rattling prodigiously. Last
week he rebuked Bishop POTTER for having
lad the candor and manlinesS to change
his opinions as to the Philippines after
lceing for himself what the Filipinos
are. Mr.. WINsLOw wrote IA letter Of
reproof to the Bishop and naturally
addressed it to Gen. SAMBO BowLEs'S
Springfield Republican. Mr.. WINsLow is
proof against information and he lis grieved
that anybody else should have any. Never
having been in the Philippines at all, he is
virtuously wroth with Bishop POTTER for
having dared TO go there, and ~reproaches
him for having imagined that he could see
anything in four days. Mr.. WISsLow has
remained in Boston for years without
acqu ring any information, and he is incred-
ulous as to the faculties OF others.
The worse thing the Bishop did in Mr..
WINsLOw'S estimation, was to go to an
enemy's camp that IS, to Gen, OTIS and the
American army. The place to look for the
truth, We suppose, was in AGU1NALDo'S
rapid transit camp, If anybody knows
where that is.
In an cnemy's camp, Mr.. WINsLow is
frank, According To the prOverb, two
classes Of persons speak the truth. In
Mr.. MISSIONS view, the Americans in the
Philippines are the enemy. We wish Col
BRYAN or whoever else receives the sup
port Of the Hon. IRVING WINsLOw, great
Joy Of the acquisition. He will be a little
inconvenient,
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1900-03-26
CAPTAIN, Colonel. General, Judge.

II il a rather dihicult task to point oIt tho
traits Of manner and III" "carmarks' which
entitl- man to be- Distinguished by such hon.
ornblo appellations as Judge Colonel"
''Captain" or ona Of the other tit'cs bestowed
IN every community upon It's various citizens,
And sometimes the reasons are not always
complimentary to the character ~ the wearer.
Atenderfoot was standing watching Il ferry
man on the Missouri River. which was not
very wide at that particular point, so that b."
had frequent opportunities 10 con vcrse with
the 'erryman as he went back and forth with
his load. At one Of the rauses between loads
the ferrymun lighted his pine and prepared 10
resume the conversation interrupted by ths
last trim.
Il notice" observed the tcnderfoot. that
you address each Of YOUR male passengers
either as Captain Colonel or General
or some such distinguished tit'". Now, is Il
fact that these gentlemen yon have carrie
over are all Captains. .Colonels and 50 ior'hf''
Laws, no replied the fcrrymhn, laughing
Then" asked the tenlerfoot. how do you
come 10 give all these titles to these people
We'll, YOU see said III" ferrymman' n this
somethin' about each Of them that's different.
Now. n man Of a certain style we call Captain.
then ,there's the style we call Colonel AMI
His listener responded in the af1rN alive.
though the various marks were not distinct
enough in hi. mind TO enable him To brand"
the PASSENGERS. lust then an lad vidual wear
ing "A battered silk hat OF many years vintage
and a~rrayei in 4 sleek Prince Albert coat hova
in sight. One leg OF his pants was In his boot.
while the other leg was badly torn. His shirt
front was bpspHttered with tobacco Juice. his
eyes were bleared His nose fairly, b%lossomed.
And. what would You call him. asked thu
tenderfoot. rs the newcomer apprDached.
Oh said the ferryman, That's easy, We'd
call him Judge
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1900-03-26
rJNEr OY r1E NEGRO.
An DIT M'.uuotrd md Distorted Opinion OF
the chief Justirr.

TO rup Error or ruE SUS-Sr; A
correspondent uf rHE SIS, In your issue OF
March a.. 7. Thomas Fortune. quotes, as hs
plainly seems to lmply. the late Chief Justice
Tnney A. having laid II down ~ being held 10
he good law aud precedent that Il black man
has no right that a white man IL bound to
respect" This seemingly IL intended asa c-
tation OF tho opinion ~ the supreme Court
deliyered by chief Justice fancy in the famous
ease OF bred Scott VS. Sandfold.
II 50. It IL an egregious ana "A most absurd
error. one. | admit, thar Il very prevalent.
and has been So long accepted a. the correct
version by persons not well informed. IA TO
have passed IN "A measure into history alons
with so many other statements that are abso-
lutclv without foundation
Judge Fancy never delivered any such
opinion Of the court. aud never intimated his
own belief In any such statement, The court
was describing. the stlnatlOn IN which the
negro race Was he'd 10y the worli a. large at
~" time of the framing 81 the | nltci states
constitution, and II used the following
language, quote from the opinion,
TITS dlrlcult At This dan t. realize thr state OF pub
lie opinion ~ relation - that unfortunate race inc
African which prevailed Ia the ci,ililed and might
.nrd portion, ~ Ihr world at tn time NJ the Drclara.
ton oi indie prndrucr, and when the constitution 81
the lnltrd State, wa, framed aud adopted,
But the public history Ol every European nauon
dlSplHy,it In a manner too plain TO be mistaken.
They had for more than n century been regarded ~
beings NJ an iufrriOt order and altog ether unht To- as
>Ociate with the white race, either In social or pohu
cal relations. and 50 Tar inferior that they had no
iig hts which the white man was bound. ~ fespfc~
and that the negro might Justly aud lawfully be 70
ducrd To sa very lot his benefit
From this It will readily be seen that Judge
fancy never delivered any such 'orinion' AZ
that attributed TO hin by your CORRESPONDENT,
He was merely explaining a sad state OF things
that had existed IN "A remote past. the IAN
uuage used by him was. and j., distorted by
many to create a wrong IMPRESSION win moss
who DO not give the subject sufficient. ronSli.
GRAFTON for themseiyas. fEAHAM DAWES,
NEW BERN. \. C., March -
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1900-03-26

The late JAMES RUSSELL LOWELL was
credited with the assertion that he should be
regarded ns an EnGlishman because he was
not a red Indian. There have been frequent
manifestation OF this same notion since the
breaking out OF hostillties in South Africa.
II Ia an absurd notion. II n native Of New
York or Now Haven whose ancestors OF British
origin can be traced back In this country
nearly three hundred years. still remains
an Englishman. then every Englishrnan OF
Norman descent still remains q Frenchman.
Only the other day in the British House OF
Commons a member endeavored 10 raise a row
over the well-known fact that the royal
sanction Of the laws passed by Parliament il
still given in French. the language which OF
late has not been particularly complimentary
to the English. It should not be forgotten
that az late as 1903 a bill introduced in the
House OF Lords forbiddinR the use OF French
In the courts OF justice was killed in the
House OF Commons.
The British formula for the royal sanction OF
financial laws or appropriations is as follows
La ReVne remsrcip So, bons sujets, accspie ,eur
beqfrOlpnce. pt dinSi le rpuh. For laws of gen.
eral interest the form is, La Revne u remit. For
local laws II IL. Soft fat CONNIE IL est desire.
For n petition II Is SOFT droit fat CONNIE II est
iesirS. And the royal sanction is refused In
the following words; La Reyne s'artss,o.
II the influences Of climate. associations and
conditions Of living don't turn IN Englishman
into an American IN a couple OF centuries
who are we. anyhow. and where are we at?
We don't like 10 swear. but, by the Sons OF
the Revolution. we are Americans. and here
we are