The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1900-09-29
DAIRY AND POULTRY.
INTERESTING : CHAPTERS FOR
\ OUR RURAL READERS

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GEsw Successful Harmsrs Opsrsts This
) Dspartmsnt Of ths Farm A Few
+ Miats 20 TO the Care Of Live Stock
= and Posltry.
Dairy schools Of 0stsrio.
During the winter Of 1sss-1so0 three
dairy schools. supported by the On
tario government. were conducted in
the province-at Guelph. strathroy and
K~ingston-al Of them being under the
direction Of DR.. James Mills, President
Of the Ontario Agricultural college.
The courses Of instruction were largely
the same I'm each case, although the
Central school at Guelph had the ben
eft Of a series Of lectures from mem
bers Of the college staff, and also the
advantage Of practically Judging and
handling dairy cows and studying dairy
breeds. The courses pursued were
practically as follows:
In. order to meet the growing de-
mand for. good butter makers to take
charge Of factories during the winter
months and early spring, each dairy
school wal open from. December 4
to ~.
A practical and thorough training
was given in the running Of cream
separators Of different makes. the pas
%teurization Of whole milk and cream.
car and ripening of pa~steurized and
raw cream, use of the acid test for
cream. running Of box churns. the COM
bined churn and worker and the
Mason worker, the preparation Of but
ter for local and export markets, and
other of a practical character; also IN
testing the milk with the Babcock
tester and lactometer. in the use OF the
OIL test churn, in composite sampling,
and in the making up Of factory ac-
counts. so that the students might
have a thorough knowledge. Of how to
III a creamery properly. There were
no examinations and no certificates
given in this special course
There were two factory courses, one
Of three weeks and another OF six
weeks duration. These courses pro-
vide theoretical and practical instruc-
ton In cheese-making and the curing
Of cheese, butter-making Cloth sep
arator and cream gathering plans)
and preparation Of butter for market,
milk testing with the Babcock tester
and lactometer, and oil-test churn,
which is so much used in cream gath
ering creameries; pasteurizing both
whole milk and cream. They also in
clude fermentation tests. the s OF
starters, dairy b%acteriology. agriculture
in relation to dairying, and factory
records and accounts. etc.
Discussions on practical dairy topics,
led by one Of the instructors, was held
four afternoons inseach week. These
discussions lasted Tor one hour and
were Of much value to both students
and instructors. Experts were brought
to the schools from time to time to
give lessons in the Judging Of cheese
and butter. ~,
Special instructions were also given
on the care and running Of boilers and
engines by a competent instructor.
There vas also practice in pipe-atting.
repairing valves. etc.
While the fact is recognized that the
manufacture Of cheese and butter must
be confined largely to the cooperative
or factory system in order to attain
the highest success, 1t is also a fact
that q large quantity Of butter and
some cheese : made. and will con-
tinue to be made. In farm diaries. To
enable the farmers to produce . hner
quality Of butter and cheese, and
thereby receive a better price, q home
dairy course was carried on in two Of
the schools. A competent lady in
structor vas secured in each case. and
the methods followed, and the appara-
tus and utensils used were inexpensive,
and such as have been found most suit
able for use in farm diaries. Students
for this. course were. ALLOWED to enter
any time after January 4 and remain
as long as they wished.
Cape Disease OF Young Poultry.
Prof. H. Garman, Entomologist and
Botanist Of the Kentucky Experiment
Station. in bulletin 70 Of that station,
says:
Young chickens are very much
troubled in Kentucky with gapes. The
disease occurs throughout the state.