davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1900-10-23

over for the time being and prevent
failure. Nitrogen is usually called
on for this purpose, but as there are
number of forms, discrimination
has to be practiced. Ground hoof
meal, leather scraps, etc, furnish
nitrogen, but these are so slow act
ing that the plant would actually
starve while waiting for them to rot
first in the soil and then become
available. The most soluble form of
nitrogen IS nitrate of soda. which
acts almost Immediately, hence can
be applied at those periods when the
crop Is beginning to lag or show
signs of lack of vigOr. This gives it
fresh start and hastens it on to
maturity. No farmer can expect to
get the best returns from his soil. if
1T Is in need of plant food without
studying carefully properties and
actions of each of the nourishing in
gradients.
1t has been truthfuIIy said Fer
tilizers are like improved weapons.
They show their full value to those
who best understand their use"
p. J. CHRISTIAN.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1900-10-23
Moss

up new markets abroad for our ap-
pies, and the countries south of us
are beginning to eat our famous win
ter fruit. Then factories annually
consume millions of pounds of apples
for jellies, canning and preserves.
All these combined will this year
take care of the surplus apples if
they are marketed with wisdom.
There is first the necessity of study
ing the foreign demand. Europe will
take our apples freely at prices that
will pay we'll, but they must be
selected with care and carefully
packed. The farmer who will select
the best keeping and best selling APP
pies, dry them thoroughly, pack
them for long shipment, and send
them to responsible exporters will
make money. Nine-tenths of the
apples received at Shipping points
have to be re-packed, and defective
fruit taken out. The farmer pays
returns. There is no reason why the
apples should not be packed properly
athome 50 that they could go straight
to the steamer, and when unloaded
in London they would be in good
marketable condition. A fact worth
remembering is that Canadian grow
can. This is not due to patriotism,
but simply to superior handling of
the fruit. Canadian apples are no
better than ours nor as good as many
Of our choice varieties, but if foreign
ers only get our second rate fruit we
cannot blame them for thinking
otherwise. JAS. E. LEWIS.
Commission Merchant.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1900-10-23
FERTILIZERS ON WHEAT.

Says Prof. Chas. E. ThOrne, Direc-
tor of the Ohio Experiment Station !:
In the tests of the Ohio Experiment
Station, phosphoric acid, in the form
of acid phosphate, has been decidedly
the chief factor in producing increase
Of crop during the season just past.
A similar result has been reached by
many farmers, and the natural con
sequence is Il general tendency to
limit the use of fertilizers the com
ing season to plain acid phOsphates !;
a tendency strengthened by the fact
that the phOsphutes are not so COM
pletely under the control of the fer
tilizer trust as are the mixed fertili-
zers.
When, however, the experiments
at the Ohio Station are studied as Il
whole, taking not simply the effect
upon the present season 5 wheat crop,
but the average results upon wheat,
corn, oats and grass for the past
seven years, it will be seen that it
would be a decided mistake to base
conclusions upon this one wheat
crop alone.
In the experiments of the Central
Sutton at Wooster, where wheat
has been growing in rotation with
corn, oats, clover and timothy, the
average increase per acre from plain
acid phosphate, applied at the rate
of 100 pounds per acre to wheat and
eighty pounds per acre to corn and
oats, or u total Of 32O pounds during
the five years of rotation, has been
4.6 bushels of wheat, 3.6 bushels Of
corn, u bushels of oats and 500
pounds of hay, while from the same
quantity of acid phosphate, carried
partly in acid phosphate and partly
in tankage but reinforced by the
nitrogen carried in the tankage and
bv a small addition of muriate Of
potash, the average increase has
been Z 2 bushels of wheat, eight bush
els of corn, eight bushels Of oats and
/, 800 pounds of hay.
The cost of the acid phosphate used
on an acre in five years has been
about $2.4O, while that of the mix
ture of acid phosphate, tankage and
mur1ate of patash, has been about
1915; but the average increase from
this mixture has been so much greater
than that from acid phosphate alone
as to give a total net profit, over the
cost of the fertilizer, of about $l2
per acre in five years for the mixed
fertilizer against about $6 for the
acid phosphate used alone.
In mixing this fertilizer - and 30"
takage and IA per cent. acid phos-
Dhate are used in equal quantities,
adding about 100 pounds of muriate
of potash to the ton. This gives a
fertilizer analyzing over 3 per cent.
ammonia, 10 to II per cent. phOs-
Dhoric acid and ~ per cent. potash,
and may be made up at cost of $18
to $50 per ton.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1900-10-23
Horticulture.
STRAWBERRY CULTURE-LATE FALL AND
WINTER PLANTING.


Correspondence of The Progressive Farmer.
set my first strawberry plant in
1874, following then the usual plan
Of spring setting. we'll remember
having had my ground all ready in
February and was anxious to begin
my new venture. But the man [
had engaged plants from advised me
to wait later. Again in March he
gave me the same advice, adding
that the plants had not even begun
to grow yet. About April 18th 1 OBJ
tanned the plants, set them out and,
fortunately, got a perfect stand.
Still it would have been wise to
have done the planting much earlier.
A very small fraction of the twenty
six years experience that intervene
between now and then, was sufficient
to show me that the safest and best
time to transplant the strawberry is
while it is in a dGrmant state. I do
not mean that it will not live and
thrive planted at other times, but
that it is easier and surer to live and
thrive in proportion as you approach
the period of dOrmancy.
Thus we transplant successfully
between October 1st and April 18th
But the great bulk Of our planting
100 to 300 acres-we prefer to do in
late fall and winter The soil is
then always moist, the sun weak and
all conditions favorable to this plant
which loves cOldness and moisture
and hates heat and dryness.
This enables US to avoid hurry, to
planting in a thorough manner. If
bad weather interferes, no harm re-
suits. We simply let it pass and go
to work again.
We usually begin late in October
and continue through late fall and
winter till all the big job Of setting
a million or more plants is over. We
have had the temperature to fall
nearly to zero within a few days
after fields of plants were set. No
harm whatever resulted. But on
stiff, wet land we always step on the
plant after it is set, if planted in win
ter. This congresses the soil around
the plant and prevents its heaving so
bad in heavy freezes. On light or
dryish soils this is not necessary.
With this simple precaution plants
can be safely set anywhere south of
the latitude Of Washington, D. c.,
at any day in winter when the ground
is not actually frozen. This same
can be done at the North, provided d
little protection is given. A fOrkful
of litter or stable manure applied
over the and around the plant affords
the protection needed. The manure
will benefit plants whether set North
or South. But it should never be
applied till freezing weather comes,
and part of it should be removed as
plant growth begins in spring. Thus
applied manure benefits in two ways
it lessons the freezing and heaving
of the soil and also nourishes the
plant.
If growers were more alive to the
above facts they would escape much
loss and worry-which is also loss
that they now suffer. That is if they
remember that in cool and even cold
weather the strawberry plant is as
hard to kill as d mule or cat, but that
during the warm months, as easy as
at other times it IS hard.
O. w. BLACKNALL.
Vance Co., N. c.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1900-10-23
Raleigh, N. c., October %, 1900.

clearing house for the colleges and
stations of the several States with
regard to their work. It is the aim
OF the Department to encourage
work that bears directly upon the
requirments of the farmers of the
country; to help in the solution of
problems that the farmer cannot
grapple with for want of time, train
ing and apparatus. Our agricultural
colleges are endeavOring to induce
young farmers to avail themselves
OF the facilities offered to study the
sciences relating to their work. How
Is the youth on the farm to know
what things are most important?
How does decaying vegetation be-
come plant food? Why does clover
enrich land more than blue grass?
Why should we harrow, and when
should we use the roller? Where
does the rain go that falls upon the
ground? Why feed mich cow diff
terent from fattening steer? Why
have some soils less plant food than
others? Why does cotton seed kill
hogs? Why do Americans send to
Germany for potash? Why do smok-
ers taste cotton seed fertilizers in a
cigar? These things present them
selves to farm boy, and without a
correct answer he cannot make d
successful farmer. They were pies
OF questions which were presented to
tens Of thousands of farmers-sOme
OF them every day. Four years Of
study in our agricultural colleges
will make these thousands Of ques-
tiOns plain. Before any one can
teach along these lines he must be a
master. Education begins at the
top, where specialists are aggregated
Common schools should prepare the
students for the agricultural colleges.
1t was difficult to get the farmer
to comprehend the value of this
special education to himself and his
children. 1t is difficult now. Many
Of our colleges have but few students
n strictly agricultural courses, where
scientific study takes the place Of
dead languages and dry philosophy
Progress IS being made, however.
We shall soon have highly educated
farmers fit to represent their fellows
in deiberative assemblies ; the Amer
lean horizon is charging our re
SpOnsibilitieS are increasing. There
is no work to do as people that we
cannot decline. No man lives for
himself alone, we know no nation
lives for itself, we are learning.
Not only should the agricultural
college see to the scientific education
OF the farm boy, but the girl should
receive scientific instructions re
garding home duties. She should
understand the laws of nutrition
with regard to feeding human be-
ingS. She should know about bac-
terra and their work on meats and
dairy products. She should learn to
balance Il ration for child, grow
ing boy, Il working Il man, or an oc-
tOgenarIan. All these need not ex-
clude music, art and literature.
There is every reason why the col
leges of agriculture should be en-
couraged. We live in the age Of
great activity, and in the years Of
great prosperity. Educated men
have charge of commerce and manu-
factures our country is famous for
both, but both depend upon agricul-
ture.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1900-10-23
PROTECTING THE YOUNG FRUIT TREES

Correspondence of The Progressive Farmer.
One of the most fruitful sources of
injury to the young fruit trees in fall
and winter is from mice, which seem
to swarm in the orchard and seek
shelter around the trees, where they
food is scarce. Rabbits are another
source of nuisance, and fear if the
present Belgian rabbit craze con
tinues we will in time have an cpl
demic of rabbits again which will do
great injury to the fruit trees. A
few of these prolific breeders escap-
ing to the woods might in a few years
start d new generation of half wild
creatures on a crusade that would
take years for us to cOunteract. 1t
is to be hoped that the craze will
keep within decent proportions until
we know something more of the bad
side Of the rabbits. At present we
know only of the good side, and it
hardly seems possible that there is
no reverse side to the picture. As
one who has suffered much from the
depredatiOns of the wild rabbits in
the past, I should like to enter this
mild protest against the encourage
ment Of what may yet prove q disas-
ter to our fruit interests.
In fighting against the mice and
rabbits [ have tried all of the com
monty recommended methods, such
as smearing the bark with blood, fat,
tar and other substances supposed to
be obnoxious to the rodents. IF
very hungry the little pests will not
stay away from the trees it. only
blood or tar are the projections used.
have also tried wrapping newspa-
pers around the base of the trunks,
but I cannot exactly see the good
that this does. My method is' to
mound up the earth around the
trunks in the fall of the year and
then put shield of wire netting a
few inches from the tree. This wire
netting runs up couple of feet from
the ground, and if che mesh is fine
enough neither mice nor rabbits will
disturb the bark. The mound of
earth I believe helps the trees also
from the winter cold. It acts in
many respects as a mulch and pro
tects the top roots from heing in
jured by severe freezing and thaw-
ing. This alone should recommend
it to the attention of ALL Young
trees are often blown about so by
the winter winds, especially during
heavy rain storms, that they are
loosened at the roots, and by bank
ing up the dirt around them we pre-
vent this a good deal After a storm
then it is an easy matter to press the
soil close around the trunk again,
and when it freezes in this position
it makes the tree as firm and rigid
as if held there by double anchor.
S. w CHAMBERS,
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1900-10-23

The HillsberO Observer reports
that Col. Julian S. Carr has appointed
Col. Robert L. Abernethy Manager
of the famous Occoneechee Farm,
and the contract states that Col
Ahernethy shall manage the farm
for five years, beginning the first of
next January, with an option of re
tanning the management for 10 years
from that date. Col. Abernethy,
the Charlotte Observer says, will
sell his farm and valuable live stock
at River Bend, and will move to Oc-
conneechee the latter part of Decem-
her
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1900-06-02
Weekly Leader. Price 6OC.
Farm ard Home, &c.
Webster Dictionary, 25G.
Atlas Of the World, 26C,
Total, $3.50

THECOMPREHENSI WEBSTER DC
TlONARH is a work of extraordinary inter
est to all classes of progressive people. l.
contains $1,000 words which is ali the avert
age person has any use for
II also contains twelve apartments as fol-
lO"s; ], Authorizations; 2 PronouucinF
Dictionary: 8, proper names; 4, Gazetteer
OF the orld 5, Large Cities; 6, Parliament
tary Rules; z, Business Instructor; g. Social
Etiquette! 8, Letter Writing; 10; Use % Capt.
tails; H. Punctuation; I2 Postal Guide
1t contains 1872 pages, handsomely bound in
imitation leather covers, and is especially
designed for pocket use,
,r Atlas At + OF THE WORLD and CITY Guide,
rms is the most comprehensive and val.
liable book of its kind ever published and
contains "a pages beautiful colored maps.
Tne maps are not cheap prints-they are
Just as finely as those in books 10 or 100 times
It's slze-are all in tour ano ave colors. The
maps cover not only the world in a general
way, but many of them are in detail show.
ing the most important poiRts in the whole
world which anyone might want to find
In addition to the maps and possibly not
less valuable, is a fund of statistical and
other facts of great value for daily If not
hourly references
1t contains "a pages: handsomely bound in
imitation leather, and especially designed
for pocket use.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1900-06-02

Bicycle Berry Book, No. 2 Of The
Bicycle Books is all about berries. A
whole encyclopedia of berry lore, boil
ed down after the manner of Farm
Journal. Tells about varieties, about
planting, growing, mulching, cultivat-
ing, picking and marketing. 1t gives
practical pointers from the pens OF
scores of leading berry growers from
all parts of the country who have con.
tributed to it's columns, 1t has Colored
representations of berry true to size
aud color, thiuty-three portraits OF
practical berrymen, and thirty-fve
o, her illustrations, handsomely bound
in cloth. The price is so cents, free
by mail; address the publishers, vii.
mer Atkinson Co., Phi. NdelpEia,
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1900-06-02

Lumber Dealers of Oklahoma and Kansas
Up i'm Arms

Lumber Dealers of Oklahoma and Kansas
Up in Arms
The lumber dealers of Oklahoma
and Kansas have employed Attorney
General Goddard to assist ex-Ch1ef
Justice David Martin in the prosecu-
tion Of cases against the various rail
roads foe overcharges on freight for
hauling lumber Within the past
week all lum Der dealets in Oklahoma
aud Kansas have been paying the
present rates under protest. When
ever dealer would receive a car OF
lumb he would offer the agent Of
the road a check amounting TO 23
cents per hundred The agents would
refuse It and then he would pay the
full amount unoer protest. This will
be kept up until some settleme Mt is
reached with the reads.
The lum Der dealers of Kansas paw
20 cents per hundred; those of Oklaho-
ma % l-2,' said L. II, Taylor. This
is entirely too much. 1t is excessive
and is discrimination. Kansas
should have % cent rate, to be on an
equal footing with other states ad-
join ng. This is the rate we offer
low, and pay the excess under pro-
test Uroer the common law we
must proceed in the courts to coll ect
the overcharge. Suits will soon be
instituted all over the state by dealers
against the roads. The first one will
be fl led in this ci next week.
There is no doubt but what we
can prove that the rates are excessive
and that the roads are discriminate
ing" said Attorney-Gener GODDARD.
We will proceed all along the line to
bring the re ads to time. We will
tackle them in justices courts, district
courts, federal courts and before the
interstate commerce commission"
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1900-06-02
FRISCO LINE

Take the most popular route to St.
Louis and all points east. Kansas City
and all points north and west.
Santa Fe trains make close connec-
tions at Oklahoma City and Wichita
for sll points on the Frisco line.
st. Louis and Kansas City mail and
express leaves Oklahoma City at 9:15
every morning; leaves st. Louis at s:1O
every evening and arrives at Oklahoma
City at $500 the following evening.
Through reclining chair cars With
out change. Pullman palace sleepers
from Monet to st. Louis and Kansas
City. You can secure berthe before
leaving Oklahoma.
Further information will be cheer
fully given by the nearest agent or
B. F. DUNN.
Dist, Pass. Agt.. Wichita Ksns
RvRoN SNYDER,
G. P. A. st. Louis, Mo.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1900-06-02
out OF Observation,

Miss De Fashion I've been having
a perfectly lovely time; teas and par
ties, and music and dancing, and pri-
vate theatricals, and everything you
can think Of. Haven't had so much
fun for a year.
Friend (shocked) During
Lent?
Miss De Fashion-O it's all right,
dear. We are in the country.-New
York Weekly.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1900-06-02

DR.. S. B. Hartman, Columbus, o.:
81 can scarcely find words to express
my gratitude to you for all your kind
ness to me. II has robbed the grave of
one victim, for was in a critical condi-
ton when wrote you before. Thanks
to you, however, my health is fully re-
stored. 1 wish every young lady in our
town could read your book. There would
be great deal less sickness and puny
women.''-Miss Bertha f. Sargent.
NAvAsoTA, TEX.
DR.. S. b. Hartman, Columbus, o.:
"I think it is time to let you know
what your treatment has done for me.
[ am rid of that terrible trouble had
when l wrote to you. When l would
Itoop over l could not straighten up
without the most severe pain. 1 am we'll
If that, and am much better in other
Ways."-Mrs. F. K. F. Gille, Box 10.
OsYKA, MISS.
Or. s. B. Hartman, Columbus, o.:
al am sure that Pe-ru-na is one Of the
sest medicines on the market. am
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1900-06-02

say that l am looking better now than 1
have for years. They want to know
what have been doing, look so well.
l tell them that Pe-ru-na did it. l hope
DIR. Hartman will live many years more
to help others as he did me."-Mrs. II.
Buthe, 1884 Sixth street.
Every woman should have a copy Of
Health and Beauty" This book con-
tains specific instructions for the treat
ment and cure of female catarrh. 1t is
illustrated and contains much informa-
ton. Address DR.. Hartman, Colum bus, o.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1900-06-02

Wanted-Teams, teamsters and la
borers TO work on the Sherman hill
cut off at Laramie, Wyoming. Plenty
of good scraper work to let to men
owning their own outfits. Free t ans
portetion for men and outfits from all
points on the Union Pacific railway
For further information apply to the
undersigned at Laramie, Wyoming, or
Dan O'Keefe, 1912 Union avenue, Kan
sas CITY, Mo. d. J. MCDONALD,
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1900-06-02
ART EDITION \ GREAT WORK
Enterprise of the Capital Printing Com
pany Will Rebound In Good

Enterprise of the Capital Printing Com
pany Will Rebound In Good
The Okishoma State Capital Print
ing company is deserving Of immeas-
urable praise for its enterprise in
working up an art edition of the Cap.
ital that can tr lly be called an art
edi ion. In examining the art number
in question we are surprised at it's
compile eness and yastness, and we
| wish TO commend our esteemed CON
temporary for perfecting a work that
cannot fail to re found TO the benefit
of Guthrie aud oklahoma. The COM
piling of this edition was task within
itself since il makes book Of over
100 cages; but when is added to this
the great pains ana expense in work
ing up the number to a high photo
graphic and typographical standard
the project is justly marvellous. The
Capitals art tdition, to he briet, is an
index of what Oklahoma cont aims and
what it can do. Judged by printers
the edition will elicit the highest COM
mendation, and judged by photogra
piers and those skilled in half tone
work it will find place in the higher
criticism of artistic goods.
This edit on is the product of the
skill and industry of Judge Rock and
his wife, Mrs. Marion Rock than whom
there is no more versatile and accom-
plished woman in the territory.
At great expense the Cap
ital has wrought out the Rock
idea and finished and artistic poem
of the worth, resources and marvel.
Gus development of Ok ahoma is the
result, The work abounds in hand
some, stylish engravings, portraits and
scenes of peculiar interest TO Okla
homans, and copies Of the edition cent
back east cannot fail to favorably i'm
press the uniDitiated in Oklshoma's
behalf. With g picture of Governor
Barnes as frontis piece, followed by
portraits of the territorial judiciary,
one is carried through maze Of artis-
tic etchings, accomps MED by appro-
pirate descriptive matter, and all bear
ing on the phenomenal capital city
and its env'rons Every important in.
dustry is set forth; and financial and
social features fiud large space; col
leges, schools. churches, medical insti-
tutions, military matters, civil govern
ment, fire department, agricultural,
stock growing, normals, hostelries.
mercantile interests, horticulture,
culture clubs, railways, secret orders,
newspapers, police force, industrial
schools, territorial, county and city
administrations, and many other city
ana t~rritorial interests find space in
the volume, with correct and proper
embellishments The ert edition is
great work, and was doubtless pre-
pared only after many months of un-
relenting labor. The Leader does not
begrudge it's contemporary the lauda-
on which its opportune thrift merits.
1t is such enterprising typographical
Outbursts as these that place Oklaho-
ma to the fore.
The ant magazine will do the city
and territory vast good and Manager
Greer and his force with Mr.. and Mrs.
Rock are deserving of oceans of sin
cere praise.