davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Caldwell tribune. [volume] (Caldwell, Idaho Territory [Idaho]) 1883-1928, 1900-06-02
EIGHT HOURS.

There are plenty of people now
living who remember when a days
work consisted of as many hours as
there was light in the "a hours. In
those days agriculture was the prin-
cipa1 industry, and the men who
worked upon the farms set the pace.
As other industries became more
important, and comparatively more
men were employed in them, the
working hours in a day were grad
ua1ly diminished. They dropped
from 16 to "a hours, from II to II
and finally from IL to 10, and even
in many employments to 9 and 8
hours. Now the general rule in
manual employments is 10 hours.
There is, however, demand for a
further reduction of two hours,
making a days work to coasist of
8 hours. We believe there is us
tice in this demand, and that it will
before long be acceded to. There
are, of course, many employments
which in their nature prohibit the
establishment of hard and fast rules,
but in general the 8 hour system
could be put in operation. The OBJ
lection raised by employers is that
they cannot afford to pay as much
for s. hours of work as for 10 hours.
That would be valid if it were true
that the same amount was accom-
p1ished in each working hour, but
the fact is that a working man has
for every "a hours about so much
stored up energy, and he can eithel
exhaust it in 8 hours or spread i
out over IL or Il hours. We have
reference more particularlyto monat
ual emp1oyments such as mining
digging, shove1ing, and mechanic
al work. We are firmly convinced
that an hour day in all classes o
heavy physical work would Civ
better results than 10 hour days
We do not base our conclusions o.
: sentiment, because labor is com
; modify the working man has to Sc
lust the same as sugar is the mel
= chants commodity, and a as ever
purchases wants as much sugar fo
: his money as he can get, so ever
E employer wants all the labor b
5 can get for his money. Therefore
The Caldwell tribune. [volume] (Caldwell, Idaho Territory [Idaho]) 1883-1928, 1900-06-02

the relation between employer and
enploye is a coldblooded affair a
matter Of dollars and cents and not
a matter Of emotion. Ifthe em-
ployer can be made to see that he
will get just as much accomplished
in 8 hours as he is now getting lii
10, he will not seriously object TO
the s hour plan. We think lie win
soon come to see it.
The Caldwell tribune. [volume] (Caldwell, Idaho Territory [Idaho]) 1883-1928, 1900-06-02
INHERITANCE TAX DECISION.

5 = . d !
1t is very much the habit of
these times, and all times for that
matter, to charge that public Off
GERS are altogether vena1 and that
all things are made to bend in the
interest of the monied class. The
poor, the unfortunate and the shift
less are ever ready to mingle their
cry with the greedy and dissatisfied,
bewailing the dishonesty and venal-
ity of legislatures and the courts;
yet, as matter of fact, the whole
tendency of legis1ati On, and the
general tenor Of legal decisions are
in the line of protecting the, ,=eak
and restraining<the strong. A good
Illustration of this is found in the
recent decision of the Supreme
Court in the inheritance tax case.
There is a Federal law which pro-
vides that auy one inheriting prop
erty valued at $40, ,ooo, or more shall
pay a tax on the inheritance. The
amount of the tax increases pro-
gressively with the amount of the
inheritance, running from IS cents
on the 500 to $4.5 so On the 800.
Some people who inherited large
estates, worth millions, thought the
law was unjust and unconstitution-
al because it was unequal taxation.
They contended that everybody
should pay the same rate on the
hundred dollars. The Supreme
Court held that progressive tax
is constitutional. This means that
wealthy people may be compelled
to pay higher rate of taxes than
poorer people. For example, an
estate valued at $1,000 might pay
fifty cents on the hundred; $1,000
estate, one dollar On the hundred, a
$4,000 estate, one dollar and a
half On the hundred; a 500, 900 es-
tate, two dollars on the hundred
and so on until the enormously
large estates would pay as high as
forty and fifty per cent. Now, here
is principle established which en-
ables every State legislature to en-
act a graduated tax system, which
should be based ON three PROPOSE
tions, namely, property, income
and inheritance. The poor can, il
they so elect, place the burden o.
government upon the shoulders O
those most able to bear it.
The Caldwell tribune. [volume] (Caldwell, Idaho Territory [Idaho]) 1883-1928, 1900-06-02

power himself. His campaign is
now on. He is making all the row
and fuss possible SO as to frighten
the political parties and make them
believe that it is all up with them
unless the unions are recognized,
and the top men in the unions put
to the forefront in politics. The
strikes simply indicate that the
walking delegate is making hay.
He is up to his ears in business,
and starts his campaign on the the
ory that the early bird catches the
worm.
The Caldwell tribune. [volume] (Caldwell, Idaho Territory [Idaho]) 1883-1928, 1900-06-02
Total. l.,..........$ 266, 5000

Of the private benefactions to
purely educational purposes during
1899, the largest are the Carnegie
and Rockefeller gifts, each Of which
run up into the millions, and
greatest of all-Mrs. Leland Stan
ford's gift to the Leland Stanford
Junior University, conveying the
bulk of her wealth in stocks and
real estate.
The Caldwell tribune. [volume] (Caldwell, Idaho Territory [Idaho]) 1883-1928, 1900-06-02
IMPERIALISM AND EXPANSION.

= A contemporary is so discerning
that it sees marked distinction be-
tween the expansion of Jefferson
and Polk and the imperialism of
Hanna and Mckinley. That shows
what leyesight our neighbor has.
Jefferson bought Louisiana without
consulting her people in the least,
and sent commission to govern it;
Polk sent armies to conquer Mexico,
and then paid Mexico $4,000, 900,
ostensibly to secure a satisfactory
boundary line, but in the operation
secured an area of 47S,93o square
miles. And the people within that
area were not consulted in the
least as to what they desired in the
matter, and had they rebelled, moth
ing is clearer than that the military
Governors who were put in charge
would have coerced them into sub
mission. AS to the Constitution,
after California had acquired a
great population, made up of bright
men from every State in the Union;
after they had formed Constitu-
ton and had asked for admission
into the Union, the Democrats in
Congress held them out for weeks
because they did not make it a slave
State. California had Alcaldes long
after there were people and brains
there sufficient for. Statehood; in
| Manila a former resident of Salt
Lake City is Chief Justice, and the
court is made up of men large
majority of whom are natives. The
civil government will be fully estab-
lished just so soon as Aguinaldo
and his allies in the United States
drop upon the fact that It is not
paying business to try to bulldoze
the United States. And the news
paper which notes a fine distinction
between the way New Mexico was
acquired and the way the Philip
pines were acquired, is a daisy, but
is in close place in trying to rec
oncile what Democrats did in I847
and what they proclaim in 1909.
: When Florida was purchased Gen,
Jackson was sent there with au.
, thority to exercise all the functions
, of Governor General, and two OF
: three more high officers, who had
; been given sweeping, almost arbi
D trary, rule over the Territory. Tht
r difference between Republican i'm
perialism and Democratic expan
!, sion is merely the difference betweer
the ms and the outs. Restore th
5 Democracy to power, and it would
T be imperial, at least in cheek, in fiji
i teen minutes.-Salt Lake Tribune
The Caldwell tribune. [volume] (Caldwell, Idaho Territory [Idaho]) 1883-1928, 1900-06-02
INITIATIVE AND REFERENDUM.


Have you ever considered how
many perfectly good things are pos
itively impracticable. Take the
initiative and referendum for in
stance, That is a good thing in
the abstract and works very well in
some small and old established
countries like Switzerland. In fact,
in limited way, it is employed BY
all constitutional governments. In
the United States we have a good
deal of the initiative and referen-
dunn. The Federal Constitution is
a product of that plan and SO are
the as State Constitutions. When
the people Of this country need
fundamental legislation; that is,
laws comprehending broad and
lasting principles, they put in mo-
ton the machinery for evolving
those laws. That is the initiative.
And when the laws are prepared,
we mean fundamental laws, they
are sent back to the people for their
approval or disapproval. That is
referendum. Thus we have the
initiative and referendum in prac-
tice to limited extent. Whether
or not it would be practicable to re-
move the limit is a question de-
manding serious and intelligent
consideration. The first thought
naturally is that it would be, but
first thoughts are not always best.
This is very large country in ev-
cry respects. Its interests are va
ried and ofttimes conflicting. The
country is also very new and in the
middle of a formative period. The
law that today is wholesome and
answers the purpose, tomorrow is
practically obsolete or actually
harmful. The books are full Of
dead statutes; laws that came fresh
and beaming from the virgin brain
of popular statesmen and wilted
without bearinga nubbin of fruit.
The calfskin tones are melancholy
evidences of the misft legislators
and mistaken popular ideas. The
fact is, that the real lawgiver in a
country like this must be about
two year in advance of everybody
else. He must be able to peep into
futurity and make law today that
will fit a condition which is sched-
uled to arrive two years hence.
Another thing: Every two years
there are from two to three hum
dred new laws enacted and about as
many repealed. Suppose all these
had to pass through the initiative
and referendum process. In that
case it would keep US all busy do
ing nothing but attending caucuses,
conventions and rallies. But this
is exaggeration. 1t is evident
though that in a country of such
magnitude, immensely diverse in
terests and rapid changes there is
needed so much really important
legislation that the initiative and
referendum would be a very cum
bersome machine. The time will
no doubt come when it will be usec
with much greater frequency thar
at present.
New-York tribune., 1900-09-12
BONDS.
THE DAYS OPERATIONS IN STOCKS

The result Of the Maine election doubtless en-
couraged Republican party managers and al
men wko are believers in an honest dollar and
National prosperity, but 1t failed to attract any
important demand for stocks. Prices were gen
orally firm. and in many instances advances
were recorded. Trading, however was in great
mart professional, and extremely light in vol
ume London bought q few thousand shares
and commission houses had moderate orders for
investment securities, principally for bonds IN
which a good interest yield is offered. The
hard coal stocks were again firm features on the
expected end Of the strike movement IN the
anthracite region, and in the case OF Jersey
Central strong buying was noted. The general
course Of values presented no significant feature
Trading was active in a few stocks, but in the
greater number Of issues transactions amounted
70 unimportant totals.
Money market conditions were not materially
changed but further demand for funds from
the interior was reported. former tendency
in money rates may be looked for, but the out
look does not favor stringency. Even bear trad
ers in stocks now admit that the money market
will not be q bear card this fall. and, in conse-
cuence. they are concentrating their entire at
tention upon the political situation, trusting in
the uncertainties Of politics to reduce securities
values Political uncertainties are restricting
speculation but they are not forcing stocks
upon the market. Current strength in prices is
disappointing TO pessimistic traders, but IT rep
resents the sound position Of actual and techni-
cal market conditions. If the market were not
based upon solid conditions stocks would GER
tainly seek lower level especially at this time
when so many passing factors favor the bear
element.
Atchison preferred and Southern Pacific were
heavy; also Kansas and Texas preferred on light
selling induced by the discouraging news from
Galveston. The local TRACTION shares were in
fair demand and Brooklyn Rapid Transit held
well in spite Of traders sales. Buying OF the
last named stock appeared to be based upon
the prospects Of Democratic defeat In this State
this fall. the idea being that Democratic defeat
will prevent hostile legislation against the COM
pany Some pool manipulation was noted in
Louisville and Nashville. Southern Railway pre-
ferred was well bought notwithstanding little
selling OF long stock bought on the recent ru-
rnors Of an increased dividend. The market was
dull and heavy at the close.
New-York tribune., 1900-09-12
WALL STREET AND EXCHANGES.

FOREIGN TRADING-Arbitrage houses bought
about 900 shares in the local market Prices for
American stocks in London were firm, but trading
was light.
STOCK LOAN QUOTATIONs.-Loan quotations
were: Atchison common and preferred Erie first
preferred, New-York Central Northwestern Read
ing first preferred. Sugar Refining, Manhattan
United States Leather preferred. Tennessee Coal
and Iron Louisville and Nashville and jersey Cen
trail, l. Chicago, Burlington and Quincy and West
ern Union, hatq15; Peoples Gas, Northern Pacific
common and Baltimore and Ohio II; Delaware
Lackawanna and Western and Third Avenue fat;
General Electric, Missouri Pacific Northern Pacific
preferred, Rock Island, st. Paul, Union Pa
Brooklyn Rapid Transit National Lead and
United States Rubber preferred 1q1H Southern
Railway preferred 1l5.
ST. PAUL DIVIDEND.-The directors of the Chi
cago Milwaukee and St Paul Railway Company
meet tomorrow at p. m. for the semi-annual
declarations on the common and preferred stocks
It is believed that the payment ordered will be the
regular 2l5 and 31z per cent respectively.
SUGAR MARKET STRONG.-The raw sugar
market very strong yesterday afternoon A
sale of 400 bags to the Arbuckes was reported AZ
Be- an advance of 1-16c a pound
SILVER EXPORTS.-The steamship st Louis
sailing for Europe to-day. will take out 1Ol 900
ounces of silver shipped by the United Metals Sell
ing Company
MANHATTAN DIVIDEND Manhattan directors
have declared the regular quarterly dividend OF
per cent.
WESTERN UNION DIVIDEND.-The Executive
Committee of the Western Union Telegraph Com
pany has recommended the declaration Of the reg
Nlar quarterly dividend OF Ia per cent
BANK REPORTs.-The quarterly report of the
Plaza Bank which has just been issued shows
that the resources of the Institution are s2277 e o.
of which amount 81 795 $50 81 represents loans and
discounts. The statement shows that there is due
TO depositors 81 800 SAG Is
The report OF the Bank of America for the omar
ter ending September shows total resources OF
SS4,413SOs 81 the figures for loans and discounts
being $2oO39s5l SIS Upon the liabilities side there
is due 10 depositors S7, 1885, ,43s "a
Tne resources OF the Bank of Amsterdam as
shown IN the report for the last quarter which
has just been published aggregate ST. 0404ls 81 the
banks loans and discounts being s47s5 SIS 90 or
New-York tribune., 1900-09-12

number OF shorts mainly OF smaller caliore us-,
forced 70 cover during the advances L1vsru,ci
cables were unchanged 70 1sd higher. Northpsx
cars son. against LIB last week and 1852 last year
Minneapolis millers advanced -four 1Dc a barrsI,,
the outlook there Local cars. 5s7. were only abo,
half as many ss expected; estimated receipts -,
tomorrow, 80 cars October wheat opened az 7alo
sold I'D to 759zc. and closed at 75i4c asked
Corn higher. but quiet The Government aar-.,
were regarded ss bullish- Liverpool cables v.-.
also Sad higher. and there was an excellent c,,.
demand Local sales $500 bushels. char,s--
$4,000 bushels. and seaboard sales s0s00O blsbstT
Country offerings are increasing rapidly ana =
ceipts were 1sO cars over the estimates to-5av. p
timated receipts for to-mOrrov. 30 cars Cc-os.
corn opened At 3S7s039c sold as low as 2ss,as7
and as high 3914c closing az 39039lsc
Oats were active and higher Cudahv cou-irr..
his buying Of the December The cash dema-f ~,
good Sales 5000 bushels Local receia.s -
cars, we're rs oelow the estimates Recsip-. .
Tomorrow estimated az 300 cars. October o1s-.I
az 2i&tc. sold TO Z2izc and closed AZ DC
Flaxseed was dull. cash &c lower. az q f91. -.
futures unchanged 70 fc lower. September rl,,.s
at 81 80 and October ar HE Receipts a. 49,.
points were 10 cars, compared wirh z9 Iss- wa,
The provision market advanced sharp!v br. a,
not close ar extreme figures. Shorts were ,9vs-
ing October pork. lard and ribs while thers v..
general commission house trade tn Jzuuarv =.
latter month dd not snthuse with the near u,,,..
Though pork up 10a15c per barrel a. -.
time. # all lost az the close Tha net zslr -
lard 21z75c Western receipts % roz- -
head against s250 year ago.
New-York tribune., 1900-09-12
THE TRADE IN CHICAGO.

Chicago. Sept (specian-There was a re-
spectacle advance in wheat and perceptibls
broadening Of speculation The very heavy rams
OF the last three DAYS have stopped all hope OF
threshing operations for az least week or two
Minneapolis had three and quarter inches OF raj
overnight, in addition to two inches more officially
reported since Saturday morning The big Texas
storm had apparently extended from Northern
Oklahoma 70 Northern Lake Superior. and was
central to-day in Iowa and Eastern Nebraska II
was expected that one end OF II would reach here
tonight The Weather Bureau issued a special
bulletin to the marine interests warning boats
against leaving port After being started by the
weather the market was helped along by the big
cash trade. Local sales were 50oOoe bushels sea
board sales, $4,000 bushels Though there were
quite number OF buying orders. both from North
west and Southwest the great bulk Of the demand
was nom local professionals Of all sizes Quite a
New-York tribune., 1900-09-12
Cables
LESS 1-I6
Bankers, go rates wele:

DOMESTIC EXCHANGE.-Domestic exchange
o. NeW-York follows at the places named:
NeZ-Orleans. commercial, 81 25 discount: bank 81
premium. San Frlacsco-Sight SC; telegraph, nc
Cincinnah-Between banks, 2Oc discount; over the
counter SOC premium. Boston-Par Chicago-30c
discount sayannah-Buying. 1-16c; selling. 1-l6c
premium Charleston-Seng. par; buying 1-1Gc
discount
Bank CLEARINGS. - New York - Exchanges
sI535s3. .69s balances s1O0S7 59s Observation-Disclosures
SIC S53 927; balances 81 473 sa. MISUNDERSTANDING
ss.32545o; balances. S3S3.O52. Philadelphia-Ex-
changes n4.4s8,33s balances, a,sls5Z. Chicago
Exchanges, s22 49, .557; balances. $2703l55
FOREIGN MONEY MARKET.-Cau money in
LONDON. ZiE per cent Open market discount rate
for short bills. 3Ss per for long bills ss per
cent. Berlin discount rate, AZ per cent for three
months bills; per cent for short bills Berlin ex
change on London, 20 marks IS pfennigs Paris ex-
change on London, Is francs 1s centimes Paris
discount rate. :ts per cent
FOREIGN SEcJFi iES.-Bri.!sh Consols ss 1915
for money; 80 for the account Spanish As closed
in London al 725s: French rentes lO francs Il
confines.
The SILVER BARKRT-Ba- silver. s25sc; Mex
New-York tribune., 1900-09-12
OrTsIDE SECTRITIES.

The outside securities market was dull Trading
IN the day fairly active especially in General
Carriage the sales in which amounted to upward
of 25OO shares ectro-Pneumatic was active. but
failed to show an advance Electric Vehicle
showed a fractional gain in the bid price. Stand
ard Oil closed at 537Q54O, against 5S9q5+1 on Mon
day. Last prices Of other prominent issues were;
Havana Commercial Sa10; preferred 4O945: Bak-
ing Powder preferred, 91d93 Markeen Copper, 4d6;
Amalgamated Copper. sS4@Ss24; Interstate OIL, $50
5ss4; Rubber Goods. 2SQ291a; preferred, 75Aq76
Storage Power 12q14; General Carriage, 6Aq7i
New-York Transportation. 7as. General quotations
follow:
New-York tribune., 1900-09-12
THE DAYS OPERATIONS IN BONDS.
GOVERNMENT BoNDs-Market strong and
higher Final quotations follow:

RAILROAD BONDS.-Market firm on a fair vol
urne of business. Total sales amounted in par
value TO SsE. 500 against $4,000 on Monday The
heaviest dealings were in the Atchison and ST.
Louis Southwestern issues. Baltimore and Ohio IS
and Southwestern Division 31zs, Chicago and North
western sinking fund 6s Fort Worth and Denver
City lists Kansas City Southern 3s, Mexican Inter
national IS, Missouri Pacific trust S. Norfolk and
Western As, Northern Pacific g. Reading As St
Louis and San Francisco IS, Wisconsin Central As
Wheeling and Lake Erie 5s and Jersey Central 5s
New-York tribune., 1900-09-12
AMERICAN SECURITIES ABROAD

London, Sept Il, p. nn.-American stocks closed
strong. The volume Of business small. Final
prices follow: Atchison, 29; Canadian Pacific 92Rz
st Paul, H. Illinois Central 1192.; Louisville and
Nashville, 7zs; Union Pacific preferred 765I; New
York Central, l34A; Erie, uas; Pennsylvania &c;
Reading. s95; Erie first preferred. s47s Northern
Pacific preferred, 7Ssl; Grand Trunk 67s and Ana
tonda. 81
New-York tribune., 1900-09-12
MONEY AND EXCHANGE.

MONEY RATEs.-Money on call, IA per cent
Time money, per cent for sixty days, 81 per
cent for three months and 4a4k per cent for four
and six months on railroad collateral Commercial
paper $40 per cent for three, four and six months
for the best names and above for names not 50
well known.
FOREIGN EXCHANGE.-Market firm. Rates
for actual business follow:
New-York tribune., 1900-09-12

ican silver dollars. 4sAc Bar silver in London
closed at IS 1850.
GOLD PREMIUM--In Madrid, 2eS5; Lisbon S''
Buenos Ayres. 1S5.4O Rome 6721s.
New-York tribune., 1900-09-12
HARVEST PROSPECTS FOR THE YEAR
STEEL RAIL SITUATION

An authority on the steel rail trade was quoted
follows yesterday:
There is nothing doing in the steel rail business
at present. After October the railroads of the
country should come into the market to make
their purchases. Inquiries more frequent.
The roads place their orders in the fall for spring
delivery. Prices will of course depend upon the
cost of steel billets. Probably such large concerns
as Federal Steel and Carnegie Steel will get to-
gether and determine what the price ought 70 be,
and smaller concerns will follow suit believe
that orders will equal those of this year, which
will probably aggregate from October !, tlsSS, 10
october J. 1900 about 100000 tons.
New-York tribune., 1900-09-12
COLORADO SPRINGS STOCKS.

Closing quotations the Colorado Springs MIN
ing Stock Exchange. furnished by William p Bon
bright & Co. OF Colorado Springs:
New-York tribune., 1900-09-12
BUYERS AND SELLERS.

the totals on the opposite side of the ledger that
due 70 depositors is si.s76.S9S %.