davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1900-05-30
IN THE COURTS
News of Circuit Bench
Happenings.
New Light May Be Thrown on Suit
OF Wright Against Mackenzie
- Other Cases.

Attorney A. S. Humphreys has filed
an affidavit in the suit of Jas Wight
VS.. Eliza Yates Mackenzie, in which he
states that he has important admissions
to bring out by two witnesses named
u. +. bullock and ]. H. Mackenzie and
that 1t would be unjust if not impossible
to require the attendance of both dur
ing the month of June. The defendant
expects to prove by Tullock, who was
the notary public who took the ac-
acknowledgement to the plaintiff. to the
lease given by plaintiff, that when the
acknowledgment was taken Tullock
said, among other things, to him:
Doctor, do you know what you are
signing? To which plaintiff replied:
Yes; twenty years lease to my daugh-
ter, Mrs. Mackenzie, for the purpose of
planting cane"
Inc defendant expects to prove that
the defendant was then in the full pos
session of his mental faculties.
In the case against Turano, a JAPAN
ese woman, charged with being a dis
orderly person, Mr. Dole asked for a
continuance to the next term of court
for sentence, and that she be allowed to
go on her own recognizance. No objec-
tons being offered, the request was
granted by the court. Turano was SEN
fenced in the District Court to one
months Imprisonment.
Defendants in the ejectment case of
Lee Tit VS.. Chow Ee, Chung Hook, zee
Lee and Moy Kee deny each and every
allegation in plaintiffs complaint.
Judgment in favor of Chas E. Bart
lett for $500 has been filed in the Circuit
Court, against the Hawaiian Carriage
Manufacturing Company.
The Canadian-Australian S. S. Co, by
its attorneys, Robertson & Wilder, has
filed motion for a new trial in the case
OF Thurley ThyOuS, one of the Hogan
Minstrel Company, who was recently
awarded S17o damages by jury The
motion is made on statutory grounds.
bond in the sum of $500 accompanies
the motion, with T. H. Davies & Co..
surety.
Henry Smith, clerk of the Supreme
Court, has filed remittitur in the ap-
pealed case of the Union Feed Company
Ltd, VS.. E. B. Thomas, giving notice
that the appeal of plaintiff has been al
lowed, and that the decision of the Dis
trict Magistrate of Honolulu is reversed
and the cause is remanded to the Dis
trict Magistrate to be reopened for the
introduction of further evidence of in
corporation of the plaintiff, and to pro-
coed to final determination.
In the suit for divorce Z Rita C.
Tewksbury VS.. Irving @. Iewksbury
Judge Stanley has ordered that the
cause stand continued until the August
term of the Circuit Court The defend
ant cannot be found in the Jurisdiction
of the Court, after diligent search and
inquiry. copy of the summons and
complaint be mailed to the defend
ant at Portland, Oregon, that being his
reputed place of residence
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1900-05-30
QUARANTINE WHARF
FUMIGAT|0N ROOMS
Contract Awarded Yesterday to j
Patty Whose Bid of So, 675
Was the Lowest.

Bids for constructing the new fumi
cation rooms on the quarantine wharf
were placed before the Board of Health
yesterday. There were only three sub
mitted, and the contract was given to j.
Patty, the contractor, who bid S2,675 for
the construction of the fumigating
rooms, engine house and bridge con-
Meeting the engine house with the
wharf.
The plans submitted to the contract
ors called for the building of four rooms
inside the large warehouse on the quar-
antine wharf, running half way across
the Waikiki side of the building. Each
room was to be 20 feet wide, 40 feet
long and 20 feet high. The walls were
to be double-boarded with a thickness
of tarred paper between, and the floor
tightly sealed. Bids were asked for
wooden floors and for asphaltum cover
ings as we'll. Patty bid S1,965 for single
partitions and s2,096 for asphaltum
flooring. For the engine house and
bridge ,-e submitted a total of s675,
making a sum of Sz,675 for the entire
work.
Hardy & Owens, contractors, bid
slightly above this figure, and Trask
gave only one figure in his bidding, ST.
$50, without specifying what kind of
work he would do.
The engine house is to be located on
the wall behind the wharf, and bridge
fitted with drawbridge appliances is to
connect the two. 1t was thought best
to have an asphaltum floor on account
of the rough usage to which woooen
flooring is subjected by the movement
of warehouse trucks.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1900-05-30
Boy Wanted.

If anybody runs across a short, stout
boy, about fourteen years of age, of
light complexion and with dark hair
and blue eyes, answering to the name of
Cornelius Crowley, Jr., they will confer
a favor to the police department by re-
porting to Marshal Brown. Young Cor
nelius is missing. He is the son of Cor
nelius Crowley of Oakland. and has
been missing from Port Costa. Contra
Costa county, since April 18th of this
year. 1t is thought by the lads father
that he has gone to sea.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1900-05-30
Lib DANk VI law All.
LIMITED
incorporated Under the Laws of the
Republic OF Hawaii.

No. WdternOuSe, Tom
May +. w. Macfarlane, E. D. Tenney.
j. A. McCandless.
ooiiclts the Accounts Of Firms, Cor
poratlons, Trusts, Individuals and will
promptly and carefully attend to all
business connected with banking en-
trusted to 1t. Sell and Purchase For
elgn Exchange, Issue Letters of Credit,
, SAVINGS DEPARTMENT.
Ordinary and Term Deposits received
and Interest allowed in accordance
with rules and conditions printed in
pass books, copies Of which may be
had on application.
Judd Building, Fort street.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1900-05-30
EST BOOKS

4G popular authors. are at
.om'ng forward by regular
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1900-05-30

ra. receipt OF new supplies
~ lors OF Staple and Fancy
consisting OF
I AND BUSINESS NECESSI-
HOlSEHOLD REQUIRE
Aal FASHIONS FANCTES.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1900-05-30

Why" said she. "the paper tells that
a man from Yale beat McCracken, of
with the hammer; isn't it
terrible ?''-Philadelphia Press.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1900-05-30
HEAD OFFICE: YOKOHAMA
INTEREST," AJIouup.

HEAD OFFICE: YOKOHAMA
INTEREST ALLOWED:
On Fixed Deposit for II months .,
p. q.
On Fixed Deposit for months s5s g.
p. a.
On Fixed Deposit for months : y. 6.
p. g..
INTEREST ALLOWED BY TIN
HEAD OFFICE AT YOKOHAMA.
On Current Deposit l 2-1O sen per coy.
On Fixed Deposit for IL months, eE
per cent p. q.
The bank buys and receives for a4i-
lection Bills of Exchange, isaaso
Drafts and Letters of Credit and trA1s-
acts general banking business.
Agency Yokohama Specie Bank:
New Republic Bldg, Honolulu, x. I.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1900-05-30
THE FIRST AMERICAN BANK
Incorporated under the laws OF the Re-
public of Hawaii.
Authorized Capital. $1,000. Gus,
Inscribed Capital. 75O.fi0E,
Paid Up Capital. 5OG.O0S.
OF HAWAII, LII


OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS.
Cecll brown ................ President
Mark P. Robinson 49,. Vice. res1dent
w. G. Cooper ............. Cashier
u. M. boyd ................. Secretary
D!rec+Crs:-Cecil Brown. Mark p.
Robinson, Bruce Cartwright, w. =.
Cooper and H. M. Won Holt.
ORA W EXCHANGE ON:
San Francisco-The Anglo Califor-
MAN Bank, Limited.
Chicago-Tne Merchants Lean and
Trust CompanJ.
new York;. & W. Seligman & Com
pany.
London = Anglo Californian Bank,
Limited.
Paris -Societe Generate.
Berlin-Gebruder hIeyer.
Hamburg-M. M. Warburg & Co.
Hongkong and Yokohama - Tho
Chartered Bank of India, Australia and
China.
Australia-The Union Bank Aus
tralia, Limited
Canada-Bank Of Montreal
Exchange bought ani sold and Lot
tiers of Credit issued on all parts of the
world.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1900-05-30
CLAUS SPRECKELS. WIN. @. INvyta
ClQus SD|eckeS Z Co., bnla,
HONOLULU, HI.
SAN FRANCISCO AGENTS - wxH
NEVADA NATIONAL BANE AZ
SAN FRANCISCO.

DRAW EXCHANGE On
SAN FRANCISCO-The Nevada re.
tlonal Bank Of San Francisco.
i-oNDON-The Union Bank of s,xgs
don Utd).
NEW YORK-American Exchange a,s
tional Bank.
MISUNDERSTANDING NatiopkJ wst.g
PARIS-Credit Lyonnais.
BERLIN-Dresdner Bank.
HONGkONG AND YOKOHAMA -~
Hongkong and Shanghai Baxkssx
Corporation.
NEW ZEALAND AND AUSTRIA,
Bank Of New Zealand.
VICTORIA AND VANCOUVER-za
O. British North America.
lIu0SaCl Q GGnGIGl B0lKlnl i EIGnuIlB DusIbsss
Deposits Received. Loans mace 90
approved Security. Commercial $50
travellers Credits Issued. Biua az
exchange Bought and Sold.
COLLECTIONS PROMPTLY
ACCOUNTED FOR.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1900-05-30
H W. FOSTER & CO.,
Gold and Silversmiths

FINE WATCH REPAIRING. EN-.
and DIAMOND-SETTIN0
All Goods and Work Guaranteed.
200 HOTEL STREET.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1900-05-30
BISHOP g. CO.
Honolulu, September Z, i8Sa.
6. BREWER &CCL'D
Queen Street Honolulu. n. l

AGENTS FOR
Hawaiian Agricultural Company, OAe
mea Sugar Company, Honomu Suys>
Company. Wailuku Sugar Ccnp4s.
American Sugar Co.. Xakes Sus7.
Company. Ookala sugar Plsnts ~
Company. Haleakala Eancn Coss-
pany, Kapapala kanch. Aolaxat
Ranch.
Planters Line, San Francisco Packoes,
Charles Brewer & Co.'S Line Of Ds0t
ten Packets.
Agents Boston Board Of UnderwfttssH
A. ents for Philadelphia Board Of Uxt
derwriters.
Standard Oil Co.
LIST OF OFFICERS.
c. NJ Cooke. President; George Il.
Dertson, Manager; b. r. BisAsV,
Treasurer and Secretary; Col. W. q,
Allen, Auditor r. c. Jones, r. Water
house. G. R. CO; tsr. Directora
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1900-10-20
LOCAL BRevITIEs.

Mail for the Coast today by the
Gaelic.
The Gaelic was delayed by strong
head winds.
The morning gymnasium class Of the
Young Women's Christian Association
will not meet until Tuesday morning M
10 o'clock. Ladies intending to enter the
class are requested to be present
whether their gymnasium costumes re
completed or not.
The Philadelphia papers are adver-
Using the coming pilgrimage OF the
Shriners from all parts OF the United
states 60 Hawaii I'm February next
They advertise a rate OF s225 for the
round trip from Philadelphia. INCLUDING
railroad and steamer fares. meals and
herths aboard the special steamers. and
thirty days expenses. 10 II understood
that between f.b00 and 1000 shriners
I viii make The pl grimage at that time
l The question which Honolulu viii bavs
\ tO decide before their arrival Ia whnt
Co. DO with them In the way cf accom-.
uodatious. Residents win have ~
come 90 the rescue of the local Shriner,
and Masons and throw open their door,
ifr take them IN.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1900-10-20

Joseph Santos. n wei known Spanish
resident Of the Islands. died yesterday
morning al the Queens Hospital. Mr..
santos had been all for several months
past and for some time had been under
treatment at the hospital He came 10
the Islands In 1858 and was the pioneer
steward Of the Inter-Island Steamship
Company and was well liked and re-
spectsd by all who knew him.
MIR Santos was Ga years OF age and
leaves wife and daughter. The
funeral will take place Sunday after.
noon ut q o'clock from the Catholic
church.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1900-10-20
AN ORGAN RECITAL
AT OAHU COLLEGE
Prof. Ballaseyus Will Preside
at the vespsr Service
Tomorrow.

Professor Baiiaseyus will render the
usual organ reoitals at the Oahu College
Assembly Han tomorrow at o'clock. He
will be assisted by the college quintet. The
following Is the program;
Organ.-"PastoraI Senate" ...........
....... ......... ........... Rheinberger
Prof Ballaseyus.
2 Scripture.
g. Anthem-"Jubilato Dec" ........ Tours
q Prayer.
e. Organ" Andante' .......... Beethoven
a. Address-"Truth and Life"
pr. Smith.
. Nespcr Hymn.
I nenediction.
o. Organ" Marche Herotque" D.. Schubert
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1900-10-20

For sprains, sweliings and lamenes
there ~ nothing so good as Chamber
lain's Pain Balm. Try u. For sale b.
Benson. smith a Co. Ltd, wholssal
anenta
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1900-10-20
FsclL SsEVITIES'

|n,,,i, They may '"'
gao o. as' rooms Is
~ .,.sa r5v In ct Mrs
s1s ar't ,,Yr horse |
,wtra Bow
as yards ,,,v in
rrufsIJy evening
tk of 81. met last 9
e ~ r tr. second de-
..f s.. Nbuldors ~
tmrHg APPEARS IN
r.... ..r sunday
n".
fI Tr hers
rH a. y.s''r-
.. srr...ei crn-
.r" 3D. .r r.n'.
,IS..u. WI. DE
nm L.. ."i tA'
um. ..,
..f.I. ..,t Miss
HulH u OH. A' OF
e..s o .1u1tcroct
,..r5t Benson smith n
-r fountain, y
ding Hr u new eox.
fr our box
n.sa 8 Co.
r,..HlII 0f Wuimca.
100 hove broken an
tof "a hIl
.fus. mst ln, ut y Ian
't,st tha depot Tor the
\, Road oyo"I.s
-. samf Planters Asso-
lt mssf.rr upxt Mon
.,rs n me v. NJ g. n
sfihs Territory has an
Agtbaf.Iy notice re-
s,,ssrhIp In This issue.
rns.st Society % the
.ss,.b awe 1 social and en-
al no church last even
IA r,.'s and Manufacturing
Advertising shotEuns
Ill Ifan t1 show them Z,
sts Gentleman desires q
without board wuul,
rlUWs lur % horse
ft stock of Jhr Maui su
vu bf au.d ut puh.i'
III M0fsuH aulrsroom
~s b.ayrir Is bdvcrtlsr'
rrt fHlIuf eumo win b
riiflng tl che owneI
tn rows from Germany
tho Uba been unde
ffum1 time n EurofN.
m r'ub win moot az IN
fJ iaUrey on Monday even
hwy wlli suruk on his rl
, hmn
InfNf Who cam tIko lla
n.f can secure work d
CLASSIFIED ads The wor
y0u.uss
Hu.mat goods stored
uf.ufr win br sold
today 1n che premises
b hmr Nurgtn
- Hld n fantastic CAT
Nrt artH couple 20 hea,
1if tf rifHptf vrstDriu
lHs H lluursf thc1t
nI Shoot tU.Un mot ut q
Do CHRISTIAN Associate,
f1.nan fr tho purpose
/ rII class lnr sund.
fr
Ht r.H deputy shor
HufT sful flr ombe
it m t.I fH urrwor
tN. O.HrUit Cot
kI.L
aihtU UHtrft cog
v.a a
I I"I d. H frtf
t IIUr
NrIF strtagi
Uf lu address
ni H. ..f'"u 90 you
I.IHr NJ UH chr tan Z
,uHiHr October IN.
q NUH hHWtrp has
HUIaU team which
m urf PRIV
nH'.In H nId to b..
OH rUf .UrtI ranks
70 DECORATING the Mtso
f...r'Iw .f tho shi
expected Il urfIVH NJ
.ltU1 t"r1Hv Quui
NlHra0s t.d bunting
D'" 500 Dol t special 4,
y uIuD.I prices at
Hnr s.iH the ems
1rH and Fort sire
w. r1rHr a under
anrlf Com tha Coast
lag.N. Import C1mpun
lIy goods They M
Ih8 rt1ok ana there
h' uIH Uf goods In
h'gurlu. today.
p Brown and SIR. N
N INrmnd "a rI.uurtnor
W wrry.rr on the 4
anl bond brokers. 4
N1'n loans ma tran
mly lr .Htruste
I. pI.lag g Cleaning w
w i1r buaI. In 40
wv 10 Che bite bull,
e,p.elh.ty 0f a. anlnE
=. py lha month. and
N ,Qur .a.ff flr {
',s .gru5. 10 the 81
A1lf via q,
p og'o.k, iGe phoir
m-- on uaW ip ~
M Sch Lord
~ L. -.--- -.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1900-02-14
WHAT is OUR MILD sMALLPOxf
Some Physicians Think the EpideM-
ic Is Due 10 "Jnpanese Itch"
Davenport Chronicle.


Persons from Spokane are making the
statement that some OF the physicians
there declare that large majority OF the
so-called smallpox cases In that city are
not such at all. but are an outbreak of
the Oriental disease known az japanese
itch." and that It has been introduced into
the United States mainly In the germ state
BY the returned soldiers
II is a fact that the present run OF
Gus In those states whose Philippine vol
unteers recently returned hometown.
Minnesota, the Dakotas, Idaho, Montana.
oregon. Washington. etc Every symp-
tom Of this Japanese itch Uhe disease has
a medical title, but we have mislaid itD IS
said to be exactly the same as smallpox
The patient shows every Indication OF be-
ing afflicted with that scourge from FIRST
10 last, eruptions, seahs and all. But he
Is seldom SO 81 as TO remain long In bed.
and many patients DO not take to their
bed at any stage, II IL as contagious as
smallpox. II treated the same way nlcdi-
cinally, but Is not so dangerous 20 life,
There Is no odor attached 20 Il, as TO
smallpox. Vaccination viii not prevent a
person from taking the disease, and rs II
is fully as disagreeAble as smallpox. II
should be as closely quaranttned II this
diagnosis Of the disease now prevailing -
OF a portion OF it-Ehculd prove to ba cor
rect. Il viii show how liable our country is
10 the importation OF such blessings q
from our new Oriental acquisitions.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1900-02-14
Export OF Food Prod ucts.

There are many countries which are
unable to supply themselves with food
OF their own raising or production. In
looking for that with which TO sustain
themselves they search out those
sources OF supply whore they may get
what is best and cheapest. Peoples OF
both hemlspheres are forced. therefore.
to rely upon the United states for por-
ton of their food products. and IL has
resulted In an export business from this
country which Is increasing with Won
derful rapid,ty.
A bulletin issued by the department
OF agriculture shows that we now lead
all other countries In the amount OF foCd
products shipped for the use Of other
nations. and that these products ind
sale among nearly all food importing
people The average annual export ag-
ggegates more than $500 ooa. go. which
does not represent all we could sell 4
we were able successfully TO compete
with Russia, India. Australia and Ar
gentlns.
or ali exported farm products. IS per
cent now nnds marke, IN Europe and
IL per cent in other countries The
chief part OF this IL PER cent has been
going to Canada and the West Indies.
Mexico and South America buying but
..,,, -4,,.t,. a., y.r,nA,s.np O., .h.t.. ,,.-.-
stiles, or the entire amount shipped TO
Europe, the United Kingdom was the
recipient OF the heaviest portion. she
having taken g. Per cent. Of all we have
exported during the past Ave years. OF
other European countries Germany is
the next best customer. taking nearly
Is per cent, Holland per cent, Bel
GUM Z per cent. Italy :i-e per cent,
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1900-02-14
GREAT BRITAIN's QuITCLAIM TO
THE NICARAGUA CANAL.

IN case OF war with foreign power the
United states can protect its interests by
its powerful warships, though no strong
fortihcations shall be constructed. The
obligations which each foreign govern
ment viii assume In signing the neutral
ization agreement win be as etficacious in
maintaining neutrality and the rights of
the United States as the most powerful
armament in Notifications. -Walla walla
Union.
II is said the Nicaragua canal bill will
pass both houses of congress during this
session. So much for war and rumors of
war.-Port Angeles Democrat-Leader.
This means that we are free to con-
struct and own the canal, to operate it,
TO make all needful and just regulations
for its use and maintenance. We shall be
expected TO keep Il open and to protect II
as Great Britain protects the integrity of
the Suez canal by her control of Egypt.
1t Will become an arm of the sea. open TO
the trade of the world, with all powers
privileged TO use Il and none having any
greater rights and privileges in its use
than any other.-New York Times
The vast majority OF the people of the
United States will. we are convinced. hail
the signing and ratification of the new
treaty with joy-assuming, of course, its
purport TO be what there Is every reason
for supposng 1t to be. They will regard
II as one of those fine triumphs of diplo-
macy which make for the good of both
sides and for the humiliation of neither
and as distinct forward movement to-
ward wider commerce, better interna-
tional relations, advanced civilization. and
more of sweetness and enlightenment In
the affairs of men.-New York Tribune.
This win CRATE quite harshly on the
lingo notions Of American almightiness
and exciusiveness in the matter, and II
frowning American battlements are not
to overlook the entrances to the canal
and command the whole way II win lose
much of its attractiveness In their eyes
But to reasonable people, who look upon
measure than a military stroke In the
special interest of the United States. the
guaranty of neutrality will be unobjec-
tionable. As waterway free as the high
seas 1t will still be OF greater military add
vantage to the United States than TO any
other nation.--S springfield Republican.
Such an understanding amounts to
nothing. The United States cannot divest
itself of Its privileges and prerogatives
without the consent OF the legislative
branch OF the government. But in any
negotiations concerning the Clayton Bull
wer treaty the whole of IL, and not an
insignificant part, should have formed the
subject matter. Great Britain neither
gains nor loses by waving the canal
oiause.-Baltimore American.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1900-02-14
Spain IT per cent, and Denmark l per

Spain 1t per cent, and Denmark l per
cent.
The Orient. the antipodes and the
Pacific islands absorbed only a small
portion Of our exports, but there has
been healthy increase from year TO
year. Our trade with Asia is becoming
more important, the market for -four
and meat products having improved
every year. In 1894 we exported of these
goods So. sol 1898 worth; in 1898 the sales
had grown to over $1400O.Q00. an in
crease OF over 400 per cent. 1t is notice
able that our exports to South America.
with which we have been trying 10
build UP commercial relations, did not
equal our exports to Asia by about
$4,000. 600
The statistics given are valuable, as
showing not only where we now do the
largest business. but also where we
may be able to extend our trade. There
are still great opportunities In South
America, II conditions there are stud
led and an effort is made to ascertain
what the people want and how they
want IT, The West Indies also will give
us better markets, now that our infiu-
ence there has become more pro-
nounced, while the Orient opens posi-
bilities greater probably than all other
markets put together, outside OF
Europe. All that is necessary is to
search for these opportunities for trade
and to study the best methods Of facili-
tating trade expansion.