Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1900-12-12


purposes, exclusive of donations TO en
dowments and for college and university
buildings, exceeds 100000 0O0
When the seat of government was
moved to the District of Columbia our
5000, 900 people were dependent almost
|entirely upon agriculture and fisheries
Their clothing way spun and woven in
1.-THE home of the wearer; their grain.
4 horne grown, was ground to order, and
Their meat, mostly range fed was gen
l.erally Slaughtered 4at the door OF the
lconsuiner The table Of the aGera ge;
Anerican was not then debtor thrice a
lday to three continents for wha. we
lnow call necessaries. Very little con-
summed by that frugal people. salt and
rum excepted, had been transported
Istwenty. miles from the place of itss pro-
suction.
The Edinburgh Encyclopedia, pub
|lished IN 1850, spends forty columns Of
an eigfteen-volume edition in describing
farm machinery. 1t calls attention to-
the conspicuous superiority of British
'Irural implements, and records thefac
.lthat in former times the construction OF
utensils OF husbandry was left almost
Ientirely to rude and ignorant a rtisans
4 1t speaks in glowing terms of a machine
for separating grain from straw, which
4 it declares has been brought to a de-
H gree of perfection that few people ex-
Ilyscted when it was firstilntroduc So
important did these inventions rpear TO
the author Of the article and lest rneir
construction might become a lost art,
4 he describes in detail. With cuts and
4 drawings, all implements then known
to ag r.iculture. towit, a plow ten feet in
Ilength, a single section A-shaped har-
row, a roller. a two-wlheel cart, drill
ing machine, a reaper that neither gath
lered nor raked nor dropped. a machine
designed to separate grain from straw
land a tanner.
Time forbids even a hasty review of
the more recent as we'll as more mar
yelous improvements in agricultural
methods and appliances. which. in'forty-
1 five years, have reduced tn e time in hu-
man labor required to produce bushel
/ of corn So per cent, and the cost of this
'llabor, Notwithstanding eyer-irlcreasing
4 wages, 20 per cent, and which have re-
4 duced the time in human labor required
4 to raise a bnshel of wheat from an av-
serage of more than three hours in 1880
! to ten minutes at the present time. and
/ the cost in human labor from II cents
! toS12 cents. Rates of trans port alton
4 have also materially DECREASED The av-
4 erage rate per ton per mile charged by.
one of the oldest and best known road s
l in the United States has been reduced
/ more than 80 per cent since 1870, ana L.
| average rate charged by al1sroads in this
country has decreased 81 per cent dlrins,
! the same period. Average passenger
rates have declined 4 9 aacr cent in twenty y
years. Freight rates in England are
4 nearly three times as highAas in the
! United tSates and on the continent of
Europe the rates are higher ta an in En-
4 gland. No wonder that agriculture has
pros spered under these favoring condi-
! tons, and no wonder that conditions are
made most consenial for all industrial
4 pursuits when wesnote the tremendous
product Of field and fold of mirls. and
quarry, Of furnace and of factory.
Our farms produce per annrm in
lround numbers thirty seven hundred;
millions (s.7o0,cOoOOo) bushels of ceres-
ais. worth thirteen hundred rnilion doll
lars (s1.3Qo, oooOoo). We grow. two hun
|dred and thirty million GEO. oooOoo)
bushels Of potatoes, worth ninety mill
ion dollars ssO.ooo,00o); fifty ave million
f5e, 600. ooD tons of hay. worth four hum
dred million dollars $500. 600. 900; eleven
million tll,0009o0 bales of COTTON. worth
three hundred million dollars 100000 s
4 00O); seventeen hundred million I7op. :
900. COO pounds of butter and cheese and
j market two thousand million t2.oooGeo. .
Io0D gallons of milk. worth In the aggre-
|eate four hundred and fifty million dol
lars (S450, O000O0); clip two hundred ana
seventy million t2iL ,000. .0o0) pounds Of
wool, worth eighty million dollars ESQ.,
1000, ,0Oo). and sell thousand million a..
4 VVo' 'uuo, o0o) dozen eggs, worth over cns
Hundred million dollars CSlG0, oO0ofo).
and hold upon our farms one hundred
land seventy million lT00o0,OOo) farm
animals worth twenty two hundred an5,
fifty million dollars (s2.a500Oo0Ooo. And
stu have not referred to tobacco, nor.
cane. beet and other sugars. honey.
SEEDS, nuts. fruits. cut flowers nor.
many other sources of agricultural7a a nd
horticultural wealth. all of which nave
peen deyeloped surprisingly during the
century ! shall not be surprised if the
tsyelfth census shall show ali, annual
| yieid from the lards OF the forty five
states worth, as it leaves the producer.
| s4. 0cO 0O0,o00
No less remarkable has been the de-
Y S'oPiiiciit III IiliHSlhl SpTOuuctS We HyorO-
duce fourteen million tons of pig iron
per arnurn, 40 per cent more than Great
Britain and nearly 10 per cent more than
Germany. and over one-third the prod
luct of the world
regret that the latest availa bic sta
tisticss of manufactures are ten years oId
and therefore valueless. But s, good nm
authority as the senior senator from,
Rhode Island, after careful consldera-
tion, recently predicted that the twelft,
census will disclose manufactured prod
ucts worth more than sl2,0OOOOo 900 dol
lars EXCEEDING in value the combined
output Of all the factories and shops of
Great Britain and Germa ny combined
by more than s2,pcOO00.0O0.
When the act was passed d ma king M.
city of Washington the capital of the
waters no one had ever seen a steam
boat, railroad, an iron piow ora fric-
tion match, or thought of an electric
telegraph or3telephone, or dreamed ofsan
automobile. Established highw avs were
few and poorly constructed. Generally.
at least the road was built on Adams.
plan, and not McAdams'.'
The first railroad was constructed II,
1880 Since then we have built. in round
numbers. 100000 miles These lines Of
commerce have become the track of en-
plre, the pioneer of civiliza tion. The I'M
surveyed frontier of 100 We s,rs I, 90 =, 49,,