The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1900-12-14

controlled the duchies Of Tuscany, Mo-
dena and Parma, and In the south the
King OF the two Sicilies were equally sub
missive TO Austrian dictation. In addi-
ton to these difficulties was the per-
plexfty whether the united italy OF the
future should be a federal or centralized
state--that Is. like Germany or like France
and, finally. whether II should be re-
publican or monarchfcal. Obviously these
were problems that could not be solved
by elaboration and whose ultimate solu-
ton would have to come from war, the
grand decider Of dusty and old titles
In the meantime, for thirty years Italy
was subdivided under the despotism OF
native and foreign princes, all subseryi-
ent to Metternich. while amid persecution
and In exile Italian patriots agitated and
plotted for union. constitutional govern
ment and the expulsion OF the foreigner
The great prophet and apostle OF this
agitation was Joseph Maxzini. who lived
In London In exile. Early In the '30s he
organized the society of Young Italy to
work for the ovefthrow of all the existing
governments OF italy and to establish
a republic by means of an educational
campaign" TO be followed by insurrec-
tons. The ceaseless energy and personal
inspiration of Mazxini made Young
Italy a powerful factor In the regenera-
tion OF Italian public spirit The def
lie opinion and inspired men of con-
sentative Instincts who were repealed by
his preaching of Instructions to propose
more practical methods and more at
tainable goal
The exiled priest Gioberti usi3) pro-
foundiy stirred the hearts of his country
men by his glowing picture of what n
united and progressive Italy could do
for humanity. He advocated a federal
union under other leaders OF this party
OF reform as eontrasted with the PARTY
OF revolution, ths more practical Balbo,
IN his Hopes of Italy asa, accepted
confederation as he solution of the prob
lem OF union, but pointed out with clear
ness that the greatest obstacle to its
attainment was the presence of Austria
IL was hoped 90 try TO expel Austria hv
force. and unwise 10 seek outside helm
20 DO IT. but the breakup Of the Turkish
empire was only question of time. and
when that came they should unite to
support Austria's expansion In that uuar-
ter and In return she might reiinquish
Ipnbardy ard Nenetia. Two years later
came d Azeglio's ringing appeal for In
ternal reforms as the necessary prapara-
tion for independence.
The irreconcilable antagonisfn between
the programmes Of the revolutionary ana
of the reform party. the one striving Tor
a consolidated republic arising from tho
ruins Of the existing governments fho
other aiming at a federal union Of these
governments minus Austria, insured the
failure OF the Italian cause ia the great
year OF revolutions Gs4sl.
At first sigh, the Italy OF 1850 was mere
" the restoration OF tho Italy Of ISL ana
10 seemed as " no progress had been
made In thirty-hve years. but a closer
observation revealed n striking exception
TO the uniformity 81 9espotism prevailing
after islS. In the Kingdom Of sardiu,a
under Victor Emmanuel despotlam was
not restored. and the young king in the
recent crisis had shown himself In warn,
sympathy with Italian aspirations Tha
progressive spirit IN Piedmont was rein
forced by the presence ~ many political
refugees from the other states. II was