davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Barton County democrat. [volume] (Great Bend, Kan.) 1885-1915, 1900-11-23
Chicago Live stock.

Chicago, Nov. NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS.. -
600. Good to prime steers, $5.30q5.b:
stocxers and feeders. $225@4.25: Texas fed
steers, $400Q4.90.
butchers. $4.s71zQ4s71z: bulk OF sales. $3.50
@490.
sheep-Esesipts, $4,000. Good to choice
wethers, s.. 90@410; western sheep, $3.50
o. 10; native lambs, "a. 40Q5.10.
St. Louis Live Stock.
st. Louis, Nov. 19.-Cattle-Receipts. 81
900 Native steers. $3.5O@5-s5; stockers and
feeders. s2.4O@4.45; Texas and Indian
steers, s.. 2O@43O.
Hogs-Receipts. $500. Pigs and lights,
A.65Q4S0; butchers. $4.sO94.s7h.
sheep-Receipts. 1000. Native muttons.s
$3.50@4OO; lambs. $.25@5.25.
Omaha Live Stock.
Omaha, Nov. 1s-Cattle- Receipts, 1850.
Native beef steers. $4.25Q5.6o; western
steers, $4.OO@4.75: Texas steers. $S.25d4.O0s
stockers and feeders. $S00@4-4 40.
1927; bulk of sales. $4.75@4-S0.
Sheep-Receipts. $500. Western NUT
tons. $S.75@4.0O; lambs. $4.25@5.25.
Kan.a. city Grain.
Kansas City, Nov. 19.-Wheat-Sales by
sample on track:
Hard-No. 2. 6S@6sc; No 3, 64h@6ec.
soft-No. 2, 6s1sd71c: No. 3. s7Q6sc.
&,
White Corn-No. 2, 351kc; No. s. Csc.
Mixed Oats-No. 2. 24.z@25c; No. 3, ss1z0
24c.
White Oats-No. 2, 261sc; No. 8, 251sc.
RyANo. 2 nomfnally 44c.
Flaxseed-$1.5 4@155.
Prairie Hays 50@9 90; timothy, 5000
1880: alfalfa, $S.OO@10.5O; clover, $6.5019.OOs
wheat straw, A-50@5.0o.
Chicago Cash Grain.
Chicago, Nov. 19.-Cash Wheat-No.
red, 71k@72kc; No. 8. 691kGz21xc: No.
hard winter. es14@7Ozc; No: 8. Ssh@Ssc:
T11@741kc: No. 3. 67@72c. Corn-No. 2.
A@41kc: No. 3. 4oc. Oats-No. 2. 22Q221kc:
No 3. 211k@22c.
Futures: wheat-November 7oHc; De-
cember. 7OAc; January. 71h@71Ac. Corn
November. 40ssc; December. 35h@35Ac:
January 34kc. Oats-November, 2l1kc; Dea
cember. HA@21Nc; May, 22Ac.
1t. Louis Cash Grain.
ST. Louis Nov. 19.-wheat-No. red
cash, elevator, 6sssc; track. 72@7sAc: No.
hard, 6S@6shc. Corn-No. 2 cash. 35Ac:
track 36A@36hc. Oats-No 2 cash, 23c:
track 2s1zc; No. white. 26A0ze1kc.
Kansas City Produce.
Kansas City. Nov. 1s.-Eggs-Fresh.
Butter-Creamery. extra fancy separa-
tor, &c; frsts, 19c; dairy, fancy, lie:
L1zc: Kansas and Missouri. lie.
Poultry-Hens, live. SC; ROSTERS, 15c
each; spring chickens. 61kc: broilers. Sc:
ducks. young. &c; geese. young. SIC; tur-
key hens. &c: young toms. &c: pigeons.
SOC doz. Choice scalded dressed poultry 1c
above these prices.
Game-Wild ducks. Mallard. redheads
and canvasback. $30o@3.50 per dozen:
mixed. H-5o61-75; plover. $l00Q1.2s jack
snipe, 800: rabbits. $1.0o; quail, $1.OO020o
dog: prairie chicken. A.oo@5.o0 per doz:
wild turkey. 121kc lb: venison. carcass.
u@13c per Id; saddle, 16Q1sc per Id.
Potatoes-Home grown. 6035c: Colora-
do. TIC; northern. $4,000; sweets, 35@40c
per bu.
Apples-Fancy, $2.0O@3.00 per barrel
Cranberries, $6.50Q800 per barrel.
Vegetables-Green beans, home crown
81 .0001.2s bu; tomatoes home grown 81 o.
@s1.5o blu. Navy beans. 500. Cabbage.
home grown. <.ooQ1.E per cwt. Onions.
50Q65c per bushel. Cucumbers, soc per
doz. Egg plant. 6o0eoc per dozen. Sum-
mer squash. 46Q75c per bu box. Hubbard
squash, $1.00@1.50 doz. Celery, 2o14ec dox
Barton County democrat. [volume] (Great Bend, Kan.) 1885-1915, 1900-11-23

Washington. Nov. 20.-The popula-
ton of Pennsylvania is 6.302. 115, as
against 5,25S,01 in 1890. This IL an
increase Of LOT, 1O1 or 1913 Per cent.
Barton County democrat. [volume] (Great Bend, Kan.) 1885-1915, 1900-11-23

kansas city, Nov 1s.-Cattle-Reeea!ee
u.3S7; calves, 622. The market Wa .sC~
and 10 to Is cents lower Representative
sales
SHIPPING AND DRESSED BEEF
Barton County democrat. [volume] (Great Bend, Kan.) 1885-1915, 1900-11-23
St. Louis Live Stock.

st. Louis, Nov. Observation-Disclosures, 81
800. Native steers, $3.5O@5. IS; stockers and
feeders, $2.40@445; Texas and Indian
steers s.. 2O@4 30.
Hogs-Receipts. $780, Pigs and lights,
$.65Q4 80; butchers. $4S0@4.S7k
Sheep-Receipts, 1000. Native muttons.
s.. 50@4OO; lambs. $4.25@5.25.
Barton County democrat. [volume] (Great Bend, Kan.) 1885-1915, 1900-11-23
Chicago Cash Grain.
1t. Louis Cash Grain,

st. Louis, Nov. 19.-Wheat-No. red
cash, elevator, csc; track. 72@73Ac: No.
hard, 69@6Shc. Corn-No. cash. 35Ac:
track, 36A@361zc. Oats-No cash, 23c:
track, 231kc; No. white. 26A 026hc.
Barton County democrat. [volume] (Great Bend, Kan.) 1885-1915, 1900-11-23
Omaha Live Stock.

Omaha. Nov. 19.-Cattle- Receipts, As
Native beef. steers, $4.25G5.6o; weste
steers, $4.0O@4.75; Texas steers, $3.25d4.
stockers and feeders, $300@4. 40.
Hogs-Receipts, $500. Heavy, SAT
1927; bulk of sales, $4.75@4S0.
Sheep-Receipts, $500. Western mi
tons, $3.75@4.00; lambs, $4.25@5.25-
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1900-12-15

The rich mineral deposits OF Uintah
county have not been as extensively
mined as those Of some Of the other
Utah camps owing 10 the distance Of the
ore bodies from the railroad For this
reason comparatively few people realize
the great possibilities OF the district.
With its vast deposits Of gllsonite and
excellent copper ore, It Is only ques-
ticn OF time before the dividend pay
ers In Uintah county will be tabulated
with those Of other districts.
The most important camp in the
county Is the Carbonate district, where
the Dyer mine and smelter is located,
which are being operated under the d.
rection Of manager Sawyer. The COM
psny employees about so men, most OF
whom are engaged in exploratory work
with the view OF getting things in shape
for very vigorous campaign next
summer The smelter was recently
started up again, and Il Is expected 10
run most OF the winter. Several ship.
msnts Of copper matte have recently
been made The output for the year
up TO Nov q, was 25O tons Of copper
matte, running about 90 per cent In
addition Manager Sawyer has shipped
$50 tons OF ore which assayed almost
50 per cent copper. The smelter ore
averages 20 per cent copper. The oper-
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1900-12-15
r NOTABLE MINING DISTRICTS.

teaching tanks. a 50-horse power en-
gine, and 6Q-horse power boiler will
also De Installed. Everything win be
made automatic as far as IL Is possi-
BILE
The mine Is in good condition ana
warrants the erection of the mill Some,
thlng Ike 500 600 worth OF fine ore is
already blocked out by various work.
lngs on the company's four claims. In
one place q tunnel has been run COO feet
ON thH vein, and an incline connects
win this tunnel from the surface of the
Midas claim on the May claim. near
ny $50 feet OF work has also been done
ana In the other two claims some SUR
face work has been done to determine
the width OF the vein. Three large
mine samples have beeen assayed al
different times, which show the values
20 De uniform around $50 in gold per
ton a number Of tests have also been
made with the ore by the Mercur COM
pany, and the McArthur-F Forrest peo-
pie, and II has been proved to be- an
IDEAL or for teaching The water
flow from the tunnel is said to be suHi-
Gent for the needs Of a cyanide plant.
and an abundance Of fuel Is said 20
exist within quarters OF q mile
from the mine with the new mill bon
operation, another steady producer win
doubtless be heard from In the desert.
The officers OF the company are. John
Dcrn president; w. II. Grant. vice
president; James Chapman. treasurer.
and W. s. Chapman. secretary.
Some work has also been done at the
Gold Hin group In Deep Creek, which i8
owned by John T. W0odman. a few
men have been engaged during part OF
the year In running a lower tunnel on
tho promising group, which, when COM
plctcd. viii open up the rich copper and
gold ore worked nearer the surface.
The kinsley group consisting OF about
20 claims, has also been surveyed for
patents. This property is practically
owned by w. w. Chisholm Of this
city.
A force Of men has been engaged at
the Dolly Warden group all summer 4
great deal Of development work has
been done, and some very good ore
has been opened up. The group Is
owned by Senator w. A. Clark.
a l0-stamp mill is also being in
stalled at the queen of Sheba By Salt
Lake parties, TO handle fits free gold
ores,
Some prospecting and assessment |
work is being done by q number OF /
other parties, but the year closes with
very little change In the status Of
Deep Creek. It's ore bodies are large.
but until transportation is furnished. !
very litle work is liable 10 be done |
further than that which Is required by |
law TO hold and patent the claim.
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1900-12-15
AMERICAN FORK

The present year has been a very i'm
portant one for the American Fork can
yon district. More activity has been
witnessed there than has been seen for
many years. While no large deposits
have been broken into the work on the
small veins with which the district
abounds Is said to have been more than
usually encouraging. one Of the most
important developments in the camp Is
the connecting Of the tunnel and shaft
on the Mlkmaid, which Is now being
worked by w. j. Mcdonald, under
bond and lease. The tunnel was driven
in $50 feet, or to q point under An In
cline shafe which IS down $50 feet. The
upralse Is now almost completed. This
VIII drain the property and expose
about IS inches OF good galena ore,
which was followed from the surface In
the incline. The owners were forced 10
desist at the depth OF go
feet because OF the inflow OF
water. The ore runs well in
silver and lead, and Il would appear
that Mr.. Mcdonald will have a profit
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1900-12-15

A tunnel has been run in nearly 200 feet
on one OF these veins while on the 9th
or a 90-foot incline has been sunk with
very good results From the bottom Of
the shaft some drifting has been done
which has disclosed about two feet Of
excellent copper ore running as high as
rs per cent. Two streaks Of similar
ore also occur In the tunnel. The vein
filing Is the full width OF the workings,
and taken altogether the property Is
said TO be one OF much promise.
THE OREGON
The Oregon has shipped about 50 tons
OF high grade ore during the season,
which averaged between $50 and $50 per
ton. Some Of II went much higher than
those figures. The ore carries silver,
lead, copper and gold. A few men have
been working al the company's proper
~ IN Honey Comb Fork until recently.
A new road has been made during the
past summer. and new engine and shaft
houses have been built IN readiness for
an active campaign next spring, The
incline shaft SIS now down $50 feet on the
vein. and some 900 feet Of work has
been done which shows better average
values as the workings go deeper.
THE NEW STATE.
A small force has been employed at
the New state property at the mouth OF
Little Cottonwood canyon during the
year. The lower tunnel Is now In $40
feet. and a drift has been run $50 feet
west on the vein. Some drifting on the
east has also been done, The vein IL
small. but the prospect Of its being
found TO connect with q big ore body
somewhere, Is said 70 be brighter since
a streak Of lead entered the workings
quite recently. The management is
now sinking on the streak which at the
depth Of 40 feet from the tunnel level
shows about II inches Of ore, The vein
Is small but the ore carries good val
ues. as much as SS5 per ton being re-
ceived for a small shipment during the
past season. w. j. Wosteuholme Is in
charge Of the work.
THE DARLINGTON.
A force Of four men has been worked
Al the Darlington last summer with en-
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1900-12-15
Sil0er.

would stock companies play They
We're old fashioned, the people were
tired of them. And the public
reiterated what the managers said
ana believed it Go Doe true. I'm the
faces, then. of managerial opp05-
ton, of public approval given In
his belief IN himself, I'm bis knowl-
edge OF the public, Mr.. Cummings.
in 1892, started a stock company In
Omaha. The Biiou Theater was Sc
cured. From the first performance
success awaited on the company.
For ten weeks the theater was
crowded at every performance.
This In a town technically known as
q three night stand. Such a thing
had never before been done. The
season In Omaha was brought 10 an
abrupt close by the destruction OF
the Bljou Theater by fire,
The Theater Francois, In Mont
treal was the next home OF the
company In Montreal a week was
considered until the advent OF the
cummings company q long run.
The company played there for twen-
~ weeks on no single night OF the
engagement was a seat 60 be had
after 5 o'clock. The standing room
only sign was in use every night.
In Louisville, the companys next
home. the theaters were not large
enough 20 hold the crowds. This Is
literally true. The company opened
It's season at the Biiou moved sub
te4uenty 20 the Temple for lack OF
room, and thence for the same rea-
son TO Macauley's, the largest play
house in that city In order TO
make this last move 10 was neces-
sary Tor the managers of Macau-
leys theater 10 cancel the time held
Tor N.5J attractions.
This they did with great alacrlty.
The season In Louisville lasted thlr-
ty-elght weeks
The company next went 10 wash
ington, d. c., playing throughout
the season. The following two sea.
sons We're spent at the I.yceum
Iheater I'm Detroit Mich. Thence
the company went 20 Cleveland for
one season, Rochester for 2S weeks,
Grand Rapids. Mich, for twelve
weeks. Toledo. Ohio. for ten weeks.
and thirty weeks at the Grand
Opera House In Ottowa.
The following year began the
largest theatrical run on record The
company was booked 10 open their
season with four weeks az the Prin-
cess theater Toronto. The business
was so good that the following four
weeks In another city were can
celIed and the company remained I'm
Toronto, This was the beginning
NO one could possibly have guessed
the end. The company cancelled an
It's time and for three consecutive
years played IN Toronto. The season
lasted continuously from August q.
1897, TO May &c 1900, a run Of ii0
weeks In one city.
This IS briefly the record OF the
company which comes here IN sup
port OF Mr. Cummings. The COM
pany can certainly need no further
recommendation.
In regard 10 the class OF plays 10
be produced hero Il is only fair to
Judge by the past. Mr. Cummings
has never considered the cost o.
productions He frequently pays as
much as $500 a week FOR the use OF a
play lie WIN give Salt Lake a SER
les Of plays OF the very highest
class. Only plays OF known strength
md merit VIII be produced.
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1900-12-15

cLca HE advent Of Ralph i. Cum
A.Ek mlngs and his Justly cele-
ckFp brated stock company IN
6Io Salt Lake City IS unques-
tionably the theatrical event Of
greatest import IN the recent his
tory Of this city
His coming here means two
things. It shows that he has faith
IN the strong artistic sense Of the
playgoers Of this city and an even
stronger faith IN his ability TO give
TO Salt Lake City what II has never
had-a series Of dramatic presenta-
lions adequate In every detail,
strongly acted. artistically staged.
In word, presentations OF plays
which out-do in every detail the or
iglnal productions.
This has heretofore been Mr..
Cummings strongest bid for popu-
lar favor He has succeeded every
where, No single failure has
marked his nine years career as the
head Of the Cummings Stock COM
pany And with this record, and
the knowledge Of his own capacity
and capabllity he has selected this
city as his home
The reason for this move Is not
difficult to find The theater-goers Of
this city are fastidious to a degree
rarely to be found. They will not
patronize performances or give
countenance to players poor in quail
ity stock companies have been or
ganized IN this city in times past,
but recent history records no per-
mancnt successes. This result was
as Inevitable as the following Of eff
feet upon cause. The companies were
not Of the best-beIng comprised OF
a few good players surrounded by
incompetents, the productions were
inadequate and In natural sequence
thereof came failure.
At last, however the residents OF
this city viii have an opportunity
Of witnessing what can be seen In
no city in America today-save in
New York-an absolutely perfect
rendition OF all the successful plays
Of the day This IS what Mr. NJ.
Martin Kallman, manager OF Mr..
Cummings, has promised, and judg-
ing from his past performances
there is no reason to doubt that le
will more than fulnll what he has
set for himself TO DO.
There Is little need Of expatiating
upon Ralph Cummings as an actor.
He Is known from one end OF the
country TO the other lie Is fin
ished, artistic and above everything
versatile. No living actor today has
been successful In so wide a range
OF parts. He plays the light
hearted. readily embarrassed
Lord Chumley charmlngly, with an
indnity Of charm and at the next
performance win thrill his audience
with the houid, blase debauchery
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1900-12-15

couraging results. After pushing n
tunnel In IS feet an upraise Of % feet
was run I'm good ore, a shipment Of 90
tons was recently made which assayed
% per cent copper In addition to other
values in silver and gold
THE HIGHLAND CHIEF.
Things are reported TO be looking very
well at the Highland Chief group at Al
On, where jim. Anderson is directing ar
fairs. The main tunnel has been driven
nearly 1000 feet into the mountain, and
an l2-inch streak OF good ore is being
followed up in a drift on the vein. As
says as high as $50 and q ounces silver
have been obtained.
In addition TO the above the Grizzley
MANAGEMENT has extracted some good
copper ore, while the City Rocks, Valeo,
Rough and Ready, and Montezuma
have been steadily developing during
the past season.
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1900-12-15
OTHER PROPERTIES.
FISH SPRINGS

The main efforts Of the Utah Mining
company Of Fish Springs have been
directed towards sinking the new shaft
and connecting with the old workings.
The shaft Is now down 100 feet, where
a station is being cut and drifting will
shortly begin both ways on the vein.
About Si5 feet of this work has been
done this year.
II Is the intention to push the shaft
down 10 the ! .001-foot level. and al the
same time explore the different levels.
After running east $50 feet from the
600 level the MANAGEMENT recently
crosecut The vein 81 feet. and encoun-
tered very good ore, Ore has also since
found the face OF the drift The ore
has not been raised or sunk on from
this level. From the 500. however
Wln2e Is now halfway down 10 the 600
IN ore. This development work is sup
plying some Of the ore which has been
marketed. In this place hand samples
have shown as high as &c per cent lead
with $40 ounces silver per ton A pock-
ct OF ilrst-class ore has also been found
lately In 1j-foot upraise from the 500
level. A streak OF lower grade ore has
also been followed down from this level
near the shaft which has opened out
into n nice streak Of high grade. Good
ore Is also exposed In a second raise
from the 800 level on the an level a
great deal Of prospecting Is being done
The management Is now drifting east
on the 300 level 10 catch a body OF first
class ore exposed IN an S0-foot shaft
II Is expected that Il will be intercepted
within he next 60 feet. After an abb
sence from the dividend list for some
time the company recently paid a dlvl-
dend Of cents per share. raising the
total pale 20 $3.50 600. owing 10 the long
wagon haul 10 Oasis only the high
grade ore can be shipped, but n the
roads are not bad another dividend Is
promised Tor Christmas. The ore from
the Utah runs between $500 and $1,000
per carload
THE GALENA.
Next IN Importance In the Fish
Springs district Is the Galena mine
which has paid something like $4,000
In dividends. A force OF sixteen men are
at present employed under the direction
OF Peter Reid. For some time
past the company has been
pushing things in the north and
south drifts on the 600 level After run
ming nearly 10 the north lines and doing
lots Of prosecuting the management !
has been unsuccessful In opening up /
any large bodies OF ore. Patches of |
galena are found and II Is not improb- |
able that some Of them may yet be fol- |
lowed into a good ore body. During |
the past year the shaft has been sunk |
100 feet deeper. but little or nothing |
Is now being done on the lowest or 700 |
level
FISH SPRINGS PROSPECTS.
In addition to the assessment work
being done on a number Of claims near |
the Utah and Galena properties. a.
Stewart and sons are sinking a SHAFT
on the Meteor property. It is now down
nearly $50 feet, and at the point a drift
will be started 20 the east
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1900-12-15

Of Baron ChcvrIal I'm the Partisan
romance. lie is equally az home In
farce and melodrama. His Rudolph
IN the Prisoner OF Zeuda' is as
artistic and as life-like as his
Dave, In "Esmeralda." Could there
be a wider range? The polished
English gentleman and the rough,
uncouth American. Better still; he
IS one Of the very finest Pygmaleons
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1900-12-15

The history OF the Cummings
stock company is Of great interest,
because Il Is the father Of the
countless numbers OF stock COM
panies now playing throughout the
country The days OF the old stock
companies We're ended, old time ac-
tors, old time managers bewailed
the good old days OF the stock
system, 'The days when there
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1900-12-15

able year next year, as within the next
few weeks the property Will be drained
by the tunnel to depth Of 325 feet
THE TREASURE
The Treasure company owns three
claims Joining the old Miller mine The
company has done many hundred
feet Of development and has followed
n small streak OF fine Chloride ore since
1872 The streak has not widened or
diminished I'm all that time The COM
pany has Just finished fits work for tho
year. The lower tunnel In $50 feet IS
now entering a change Of formation,
composed Of lime and shale, The char
acter OF the ore is also changing. Mr..
Chapman, who owns the control, says
that he viii follow the ore II II goes
clean through the mountain
THE ONTARIO.
During the year the ontario OF Amer
lean Fork canyon has shipped two car
loads OF ore, which have assayed IS per
cent lead and IS ounces silver. The
leasers have been sinking a Wine dur
ing the summer.
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1900-12-15
RED WING

The Red Wing Extension OF Bing-
ham has made very pleasing record
for itself IN the past year. Recently
the company opened up a seven foot
body Of milling ore In the tunnel. This
has now widened to II or y feet. with
every prospect OF holding out. The
management has just started another
tunnel TO open up this ore at greater
depth.
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1900-12-15

were actors. sir" II was unques-
tionably true There were no stock
companies, A few OF the New
York theaters had companies OF
their own, which IN courtesy were
called stock, But they were not. II
q play was successful It was play
ed until It could be played no long
err This was not the stock sys-
ten.
Managers said that never again
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1900-12-15

ever seen IN this country, and in
Peaceful Valley" he has made a
greater success than Sol Smith
Russell for whom It was written.
The company, which Mr.. Cum
mlngs win bring 10 this CITY, Is the
best he has ever had under bis con-
troll, Mr.. Kallman has engaged
several new people who will ma
terially strengthen the ensemble
work.
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1900-12-15
DEEP CREEK

It looks now as II the Midas mine In
Clifton district will give a good &c
count Of Itself next year. After vari-
Gus delays, the company recently con-
,raoted for a 5o.ton eyanidlng plant TO
be ready for use by the LIST Of APRIL
1901. The mill will have one crushef
three sets Of rolls and eight iV-toh