davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1900-02-17
FARM AND GARDEN.
MATTERS OF INTEREST TO
AoRlCULTURlSTs.
Como Up-to-Dats Hint About Cul.
tivatioa Of the Soil snd Yields
Observation-Disclosures. vitiouiturs and
Horticulture.
In BreedinX.

breeding
CONDENSED from Farmers Review
St~enographic Report.)
At the last annual meeting Of the
American Galloway Breeders associa-
ton, MI. o. H. Swigart Of Illinois
read a paper on %in-breeding in which
he showed the evil effects Of close in
breeding as demonstrated by expert
ments made by Darwin and others
in the animal and vegetable kingdoms,
and enforced his argument by a long
list Of great winners in the great cat
tie show rings in whose pedigrees no
ancestor appeared twice, such as Bas-
sanio, Clark's old bull, Pauline, win
ner at Omaha, Preside King, Duke
Walter, etc. He said in closing his
paper:
"While under certain circumstances
it may be a good thing to inbred.
and I would always inbred in prefer
ence to using an inferior animal, still
! take it as a good omen Of the fu-
ture of the Galloways that u WIN
ners are not all descended from one
sire like the favorites in the Short
horns. While some of our breeders
have resorted to in-breeding, they
have not been sufficiently successful
to encourage them to enter the lists
against those adversely bred. While l
would not advise departing from the
Galloway type, still, let us be sure
our ideal of the type is correct and
keep nothing our judgment tells us
is bad even though told it is a race
characteristic. Never hesitate to make
a change when improvement is called
for. The best is none too good. Only
the most careful selection will secure
the best"
Some discussion followed the paper.
Mr.. j. M. Lowe said: Il do not be-
lieve a little bit in practicing in
breeding. In the hands of such a
genius as Bates was thought to be 1t
might be practiced to a limited ex-
tent, but the majority Of US ought
neve to seek it in my judgment. l
think it has resulted in deterioration
in other breeds of cattle and the same
result must be produced in all breeds"
Mr.. E. w. Thrall said: las the
Galloways have been for untold gen
erations in their native land, in-breed-
ing would necessarily occur to a great
extent there, and 1 have no doubt that
the Galloway in his native country
has been greatly hurt by that process;
but, as Mr.. Swigart intimates in one
portion of his paper, a change from
one land to another, the different en-
vironment by which those herds were
surrounded would give different char
acteristics to those cattle. Now Whe
we have the cattle on this side of the
ocean and have breeders who are
breeding these cattle in the north and
south, the east and the west, we can
take advantage of all those different
environments. and surely from this
time on there will be no excuse for
what Mr.. Swigart regards as n OF
the most dangerous experiments fol
Galloway breeders to make"
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1900-02-17
WHERE WASHINGTON LIVED.

A wealth of historic recollection how
ers about the world-famous Mount
Vernon, where Washington, the first
president of the American republic.
lived and died. The magnificent old
estate on the banks of the Potomac
river, but a short distance from the
capital city, annually attracts thou
sands of visitors from all over the
earth-visitors whose chief aim when
coming to Washington for the first
time is to look upon the spot where
the Father of His Country" spent his
life. No one could conceive a more
charming spot for the location Of a
mansion at once so grand and 10 his
t0ric. High above the southern bank
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1900-02-17
y.,u. o. 1erum,nou. Plants.

The Tennessee Experiment Station
has been studying the leguminous
plants, clover, beans, peas, alfalfa,
sofa beans, locust, vetches, wild pea
vines, ETC., and the best methods of US
ing them for improving the soil and
feeding stock.
The microbes occur in most fertile
soils and multiply when their own
plant is present. The special microbe
may be introduced by distributing soil
in which this plant has grown success
fully. For example, IL clover does not
grow we'll on a suitable soil, take the
fine earth, one to three inches from
the surface of a field where 1t has
grown we'll, distribute and work into
the soil. Freezing, drouth. and kainite
kill these microbes. Cultivating one
leguminous plant upon the soil seems
to run out the microbes of the others.
For example, when cow-peas have been
long cultivated in a field it may be
necessary to introduce the clover mi
crobe. "Clover-sick" probably results
from the increase of humic acids which
kill the clover microbes. Lime cor
reefs this.
In nature the balance Of nitrogen
in the soil is kept up by wild legumin-
GUS plants, like %locusts, wild pease,
vetches, beggar-lice, etc. In farm prac-
tice, when we grow non-leguminous
plants, we must keep up the balance Of
nitrogen by using legumes in our ro-
tation. The best legumes for us to use
are cow-peas, clover, alfalfa. sofa
beans, beans. and pease.
Cow-pease are best sown in the
spring, though If the season is favor
able they may be sown as late as July
/. Two bushels per acre may be plow-
ed or narrowed in; If the land is thin.
use 200 pounds acid phosphate,s and Is
to 50 pounds per acre of muriate Of
potash. The vines in October contain
one and one-half to two and one-half
per cent nitrogen; If left on the ground
till January only seventy-fve hun
dredths per cent. II we leave them to
rot on the soil we lose. thus, one-half
to two-thirds Of the nitrogen; II we
plow under we still lose q great deal.
Better make them into hay for silage.
II not fed, the best plan is to plow
under in early fall and plant q grain
crop, wheat or oats, which will abb
sorb that part which would be lost.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1900-02-17

made up Of large stones. the interior
being filled with the same material. In
the center a stairway led up to the
top Of the pile. Twelve feet from the
base, on the side fronting Boonsboro.
a white marble tablet was inserted
bearing a fitting inscription. Many
soldiers who fought in the revolution
airy war took part in the erection Of
the monument, and the Grafton raj
delivered by a clergyman who had
served as chaplain in the continental
armies.
In 1872 nothing vas left of the orig.
inal monument but the foundation and
a few crumbling fragments. At that
time q movement was started to re-
store the monument and in 1883 1t
was r%ededicated, having been raised
to a height Of fifty feet and surround
ed b. an iron framework and balcony.
The site Of the monument Is SO ex-
posed, however, that even the restored
structure has fallen q prey to the ele-
ments, SO that now it is again in a
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1900-02-17

4OxNs
Of the river Potomac the estate is To-
cated. It rests on the highest part of
the billy territory which characterizes
the vicinity, and the mansion with its
barns and surrounding buildings is
half hidden from the gaze Of river pill
,grims by stately trees which lave
stood. there scores upon scores of
years. Closely trimmed lawns and
carefully pruned shrubbery give an
added touch Of beauty to the environ
ments of the old-time mansion and the
~snug-clipped hedges which surround
the court at the rear Of the house re-
mind n strongly Of the days gone by,
Mount Vernon is an imposing relic
Of the century past; q reminder Of the
days when colonial architecture was 1T
it's height. Eight tall pillars guard the
broad piazza at the front of the house.
and Q picturesque balustrade Of lattice
work ornaments the edge Of the piazza
roof From the front veranda one may
catch q glimpse of the silent river as 1t
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1900-02-17
preparation. tor . strawberry Bed

PropofAtlOns Tor Q BtfoWbeffy $50.
Every small fruit grower should plan
his work In advance two or three
years, and be his own nurseryman and
propagate his plants 90 % to get the
very best results. Strawberry plants
should b grown In . special plat from
.easofully selected. plants, which show
= toa6eusI % form strong fruit buds.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1900-02-17
Tho Birthday Lesson.

Tho Birthday Lesson.
Today's a holiday, you know,
And SO we children, just for fun,
Said we would dress like old-time
folks,
And I'd be Martha Washington.
We searched through all the g~arret's
chests ...
And found, among forgotten boards,
The stiffest silks, and old brocades,
And rufled caps and furnished
swords.
And when at last we all were dressed.
We went to my great-grandma's
room.
She smiled and colored with delight,
Until her cheeks were all in bloom.
But somehow. her blue eyes grew
grave,
AS each girl told her chosen name.
And finally she gently said,
ut is a very pretty game.
yet take care. children, that you
wear,
Not only clothes of ancient days,
But manners of those gracious danes
Who won all by their gentle ways.
THE prov beneath your powdered
hair
Is very faiR, my great-grandchild;
So keep you; thoughts; and let your
eyes
Reflect a he.rt both true and mild.
This hand which holds a painted fan
Must work, that tired hands may rest;
Since Martha Washington, we know,
Could spin and weave at wants
request
THE feet where buckled slippers
shine
May some day tread a thorny road.
Hold fast the pictures of brave lives,
And never falter with the load"
Then dear great-grandma blessed us
all.
And down the hall our steps we
turned.
It is q holiday. it's true,
But every gira her lesson learned.
Mary Livingston Burdick.
FIRST MONUMENT 70 WASH
INoTON.
For tho second time since its srec-
ion In 1897 the nrst monument ever
'aissd to the memory Of George wash
ngton q. IN ruins. II vas originally
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1900-02-17
Cob ChRrCO9L

Now that we are in earnest Begin
ming to transform u fine corn crop
into pork for the market, 1t is well to
bear in mind the value of charcoal 8
a relish and medicine for hogs. Every
farmer who has noticed his hogs eat
ing charred wood from the brush pile,
even before they were cool, must have
come to the conclusion that chare1
is good for hogs. 1t is not neceseV
for us to state just why it Is good. I'm
admitted fact is enough to know at
present.; the more important question
is how to get the charcoal the easiest,
and the answer is Through burnt
cobs," says Wallace's Farmer. It Will
pay every farmer to make a pit In his
barnyard a couple Of feet square and
as many deep, start in 1t a good ire
and fill it gradually with dry corn
cobs, and when it has reached the
proper point smother it out by cover
ing it over with a piece of sheet iron.
putting some dirt around the edges.
Practice will furnish any nan with
the know how" to do it. After 1t has
been entirely smothered out, d salt,
and a little lime and wood ashes IL,
convenient, and keep more or less OF
this mixture within reach of the hogs
at all times in the winter season. They
will eat large quantities Of it, and Its
benefit will be evident in theAthrift Of
the growing pigs. 1t will not only aid
digestion, but add materially to the
development of bone, one of the things
greatly to be desired, especially In
hogs. The beauty of this kind OF
charcoal is that it costs nothing but
a little application of brains. a little
work, and q, little salt and lime. and
there is no article Of feed grown on
the farm that costs SO little and pays
as large dividends on its cost. II this
is too much bother, rake up a pile OF
cobs, char them. and see how greedy
hogs are to get at them, thea go and
dig your pit and have a supply for
the winter, when cobs that are lying
around on the farm will be too wet to
burn.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1900-02-17

Basic Stag meal Is an excellent
source Of p%hosphoric acid, ranking
close behind supsrphosphates. while
upon certain sandy and acid soils Il
nay svea proys superior % Chem.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1900-02-17
Cranberry C~u,ttva.,om N. gsu~3..


AT a largo meeting Of fruit growers
Of New Brunswick and. Prince Edward
Island, which recently took place In
Charlottetown, at which some import
ant questions in reference to- the grow
ing of c%ranberrics were considered, q
of the leading fruit growers gave MS
experience with cranberrics, of which.
the following is a synopsis furnished
by a commercial agent of the depart.
mcnt OF state:
Some years ago, while clearing some
land, l discovered a patch Of cranber-
ries. Not knowing the value OF 1t, !
prepared the land for a crop. OF OATS
When the oats were reaped, the vines
were so healthy that l. concluded there
was something in them, and so !
fenced the patch. After a few years,
a gua::t w.s picked. The year follow
ing | gathered . bushels the next year
Z bushels, and the following 20 bush
els. l. then began exhibiting my fruit
at the exhibitions, where i carried on
prizes. There are several varieties,
but mine is the Cherry Bell. which
takes we'll in the English market.
The land for planting c~ranberries
should be worked up and sanded, the
sand to be from 3 TOT inches deep. The
irrigation is important-in fact, is es-
sential to cranberry growing. The
land should always be kept damp. Be-
fore the frost comes, the patch should
be flooded and kept SO until the lst
CT May. The berries do not thrive we'll.
when exposed to the winters frost.
If a long spell of dry weather takes
place in the summer, irrigation should
be repeated. !
realized $500 net for what I grow on
l acre last year. / would like to know
if there is anything else n could put
an acre to that would bring the same
returns. Sand will correct all weeds.
AS to prices, l realized los. to l3c.
(S2.43 to $3.16) for mine in the English
market, while others only receive 9s.
to lis. (s2.19 to $2.68). I ship in boxes.
The expense amounts to about z tents
per box. It costs 70 cents per box f0r
freight around by Montreal, but this
should be very materially reduced now
as we have direct steam commurtca-
ton.
l have now Is acres under cultiya-
ton, and all my neighbors have taken:
up the industry, although they laughqds
at me when l started mine. l can 6
ommend the cultivation Of cranberrtes
as a profitable business, from b e1-
n%erience 7 have had.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1900-02-17
FIRST MONUMENT 70 WASH.
INoTON.

For the second time since its erec-
ton In 1897 the hsst monument ever
raised to the memory Of George Wash-
ington . e ruins. Il was originally
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1900-02-17

FIRST MONUMENT TO WASHING.
TON IN ITS PRESENT CONDI,
TON.
condition Of ruin. Historical investi-
CATION has shown that this was the
first monument ever raised in honor
Of the Father Of His Country. and =
movement r again on foot to restore
Il % Id original condition
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1900-02-17

Dietetic Value of Fruits.-The di-
etetic value Of fruits is not SO much
in the amount of actual nutriment
which they contain, for being largely
made up Of water their food value is
not great in proportion to the bulk.
But they contain acids which have q
beneficial effect on the system, and
often stimulate an appetite for other
foods.-Ex.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1900-05-15
ROOKIE DECISION
IS FAR REACHING
Queens Hospital and Many Private
Persons Lose Annuities by
Courts Judgment.

The result of the lawsuit of Cantain
Rookie against the Queens Hospital is
Far reaching in its effects, and many
private annuities and revenues are
summarily cut off by the recent deci-
sion. The Queens Hospital loses a
large share of its annual revenue. The
decision is sweeping in character. and
all other suits which have hinged on
the one just ended, will be withdrawn
from Court.
queen Emma's annuities which have
been drawn by a large number of Ha-
WdlIahs are cut off, among them being
that of Prince Albert Kunuiakea who
received about $4,000 year, as a
reslduary legatee under her will.
Among the others are Lucy Peabody,
S9OO per annum; Mary Liwai, $500 per
annum; Grace Kahoalii (now Mrs. PHI
anala), $500 per annum; and st. An
drew Prlory, $500 per annum, for
scholarships to Hawaiian girls.
The Bishop Estate has discontinued
the cases against the following per-
sons affected by the decision: David
Dayton, Mrs. Kathrin Singer, e. M
Carter, j. o. Young and Mrs. Mary
NJ Seabury. There is understood to
be no claim anticipated for back rents
from the lands.
The property most valuable is situat-
ed in the heart of the city. The old
French Hotel Premises" are at the
corner of Hotel and Union streets, the
property being occupied by the present
stores Of Hart & Company, King & Co.,
and extends for a considerable distance
up Union street. The Queen Emma
premises, comprise the large corner at
Beretania and Nuuanu streets.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1900-05-15
KINDERGARTEN CLUB.
Meeting at Richards Home on Next
Friday Night.

There will be meeting of the Kin.
dergarten Club, Friday evening of thi:
week, at 1880 o'clock, at Mr.. T. Rich.
ards house, on the corner of Kapiolani
and kinau streets. The purpose of the
Club Is to further the interests of edu-
cation and especially to interpret the
principles of the Kindergarten.
This meeting promises to be a most
interesting one. Miss La Victoire of
the Henry and Dorothy Castle Memo
rial kindergarten will read a paper on
The Value of Expression as Encour-
aged in the kindergarten" and Miss
Felker of the Princess Kaiulani School
will read one on the Value of PLAYS
and Games" All who are interested
in the work are cordially invited to at
tend.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1900-05-15
OF INTEREST TO
HILO RESIDENTS
Game Of Basket Ball in Kinoston
New York, for Miss Grubb.
the Nurse.

The following from the Kingston
New York; Daily Freeman will be of
interest to Hilo people:
A benefit game of basket ball will be
Prayed at the armory some night during
Easter week between the teams of the
L fourteenth Separate Company of this
Guy ana the Fifteenth Separate Com
pany OF Poughkeepsie. The proceeds
Will be for the benefit of Miss Gruhb
VINO was head nurse at the hospital at
fllIo, hawaiian Islands, while the First
regiment OF New York volunteers was
stationed there, but little over a wear
ago. MISS Grub is now broken down
III health and is in need of financial
assistance. 1t is thought by her phy-
s!clahs that trip from Hilo to San
L francisco and stay in the latter city
VIII result IN her recovery and it is
Tor this purpose that the benefit game
VIII be played at the armory between
the teams of two of the companies who
were benefited by her tender nursing
Four members of the Fourteenth Sepa-
rate company, then known as COMPANY
NJ, were sick at the Hilo hospital and
many members of the other comnanies
forming the First Regiment were also
nursed back to health by Miss Grubb
and her assistants. Sergeant Walter
Van Gaasbeek of Company M was a
patient at the Hilo hospital and died
there.
The members of the companies which
formed the First regiment are en-
thusiastic in their praise of Miss Grub
and have always said that if an oppor-
tunlty presented itself whereby they
could repay her kindness in nursing
them they would improve it to the best
OF their ability. The managers of the
basket ball teams of the Fourteenth
and Fifteenth Separate Companies
readily consented to the playing of the
benefit game and have decided to have
1t played during Easter week, but have
not yet agreed upon the date. Both
teams are too well known to need any
recommendation, and a good game is
assured The worthy object for which
the game is to be played will be an in
centlVe to many people to attend the
game and the largest crowd of the sea-
son will undoubtedly be present.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1900-05-15
IN THE COURTS
News of Trials and
Papers Filed.
Guardianship Accounts in the Estates
of }. c. Strow and R. w.
Holt are In.

The final account of John s Walker
administrators of the estate of J. C.
StroW, has been filed in the Circuit
Court, in which the administrator
charges himself with 81 100. 10 and gives
expenses at $7S1.46, giving balance of
$321.64. The day for hearing petition
for discharge as administrator has been
set for June Is. An inventory of the
deceased's real and personal property
shows a total value of $2,59S.SS.
An account in the guardianship mat
ter of X. w. Holt, a spendthrfft. has
also been filed by John ]. Walker, guar
dian, in which the latter charges him
self with 9S9.57, expenses S1,O72.47. A
net balance, however, is shown in the
sum of $3.50.
u. }. Mahoney, committed by the Dis
trlct Court for assault and battery, was
yesterday discharged by Judge Stanley.
upon the request of E. p. Dole to nolle
prosequi the case.
In the matter of the guardianship of
j. ID. Holt, j. S. Walker, guardian, has
hled his account from September, 1899.
TO April 80, 1900, in which he charges
himself with $1,474.92; expenses, ST.
4I6.4O, leaving a balance of $5S52.
In the matter of the guardianship of
Ruth and George Richardson. minors
the mother of the beneficiaries, Amelia
Richardson, has petitioned the Circuit
Court to increase the annual allowance
Tor the education, support and main
tenance of said minors from $4,000 to
$4,000, to begin May 1st, 1900 Petition
er, who is resident of Hilo, Hawaii
AYERS that the present income of said
dnlnors is more than ample to meet the
extra allowance asked fOr. It is the pc
tltloner'S desire to have the minors re-
main abroad for some time to compIete
their education.
nolle prosequi was asked for by E.
+. Dole in the case of Leo Duval ct al.
and defendants were discharged bv
Judge Stanley.
An order by Judge Davis filed yester-
day IN the Circuit Court approves the
accounts of e. H. F. Wolters. defendant
IN case of Keahemakaiu Naholowaa VS.
Il. ii. F. VOTERS, bill for account and
for cancellation of mortgage. This is
IN accordance with the report of J. H.
thompson, master, who is allowed fee
of $3.50 by the court.
The case of F. C. Parker of Buena
Vista Hospital, charged with selling poi
and molasses for opium, has been ap-
pealed.
Bill Santos, alias Peter Fernandez
pleaded guilty to carrying concealed
weapons, and Judge Stanley fined him
30, with $3.50 costs. E. P. Dole for
prosecution; ]. NJ. Vivas for defendant
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1900-05-15
BEWARE OF A COUGH.

A cough is not disease but a symp-
tom. consumption and bronchitis,
which are the most dangerous and IA
tai diseases, have for their first indica-
tlon persistent cough, and if proper
~ treated as soon as this cough ap-
pears are easily cured. Chamberlain s
cough Remedy has proven wonderful
~ successful, and gained it's wide rep
utatlon and extensive sale by it's sue
cess In curing the diseases which cause
coughing. If it is not beneficial it will
not cost you cent. For sale by Ben
son. Smith & Co., Ltd. wholesale
agents.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1900-05-15
Enmeluth 6 Co.. Ltd

D. Emmeluth & Co., Ltd, have trans
1erred their business to Emmeluth g
Co, Ltd, the following officers to serve
for the ensuing year: J. EmmeIutb
president; j. j. Locker, vice-president
y. w. marsh, secretary and treasurer
ana L: +. Davidson, auditor. John EN-
Ieluth assumes all obligations of the
olu Irm and collects all accounts prior
to May /, 1900. - -0-
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1900-05-15
Kaluna Sentenced.

"Barefooted Bits" companion, Kalu-
ma, was sentenced to fifteen years i'm
prisonment in Oahu Prison yesterday
morning by Judge Stanley for the bur-
glary OF w. w. Dimond's store. He