davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Daily inter mountain. [volume] (Butte, Mont.) 1881-1901, 1900-04-05

Henry w. Linnekohl aso petitioned the
court today to be adjudged a bankrupt.
His creditors are as follows:
Herman & Co., Helena .... ........$ 34.0O
Rudolph Horsky, Helena .......... 225.0O
e. l., Kellogg. Helena ........... . $500
]. r. Conner. Helena ...,..,. ....... 1850
j. L. Sanford, Helena ............. 500
DR.. Stephens, Anaconda ............ 67.OO
DIR. Sigh. Anaconda ............. 500
H. Blume. Butte ........ ........... 1000
Silver Bow Coal Co., Butte ......... 4.60
Turner & Co., Butte ............ -. 1000
Geo. Mcdonald, Butte .............. 1000
P. S. Harrington, Butte ........... 1850
William Tracy, Butte ....... ....... 1000
Stephens Bros, Heena ............ 1000
! Andy Mullins. Butte .....,.. ....... 1900
Total . . .........$ $4,000
His assets consist of household goods
valud at $74.50 claimed to be exempt.
Daily inter mountain. [volume] (Butte, Mont.) 1881-1901, 1900-04-05

DR.. German. Dentist. ia N. Main st.
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1900-07-29

liglon. Confucianism Is fnors . moral
philosophy--a kind of ethics, with God
left out. Buddhism and Taoism (the lat
ter called for the name OF It's founder)
are China's religions. The emperor Is tie
sole high priest. There is no official god
In China, and no system of state-sIp-
ported clergy, Taolsm, which was really
an ethical philosophy. has been degraded
by having snpcrimposed upon II the cere-
monials OF creed. Tho like fate has
overtaken the pure precepts OF Buddha,
whose philosophy was introduced Into
China by Hindu missionaries soon after
the beginning OF the Christian era.
buddhism was accepted eagerly by the
Chinese but about It has grown, as In
tho land of Its BIRTH an elaborate ritual.
~
although Christian missionaries have
been working in China for more than
three centuries they have not succeeded
In making deep impression. The Roman
Catholics have Jared better than the
protestant evangels. About 1,0o0, 900 Chi
nese have been converted to the religion
or Rome. while the total number OF all
other Christian converts IL only so 900.
In spite of the schools founded by tho
Europeans, vast masses OF adult Chinese
are iiliterate. The literary class Is very
small, and is the ruling class OF tho
country.
Tho number OF foreign residents In
CHINA has increased rapidly during the
past few years. in the following table
are shown tho contributions by the va
fious civilized nations to the foreign eIe-
ment during the past six years:
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1900-07-29

Kiau Chau, an important port on the coast
OF The great province of ShaDtung and on
the first of the following yelr they com-
PEELED China 10 sign a ninety nine years
lease Of the harbor the town and the
whole district,
Russia which ever has had envious
eyes upon North China, stepped in early
in the spring of 1898. and forced The m-
perial goyernmeu, 10 sign an agreement
by which Pert Arthur and Ia Ii En- Wan,
with their contiguous waters and lands,
We're leased for twenty-five years to the
o2ar, with the stipulation that the contract
might be extended at Russias plelsura.
Russia was given absolute control Of IA 3
part OF China, with the liberty Of building
whatever forts, military posts aud do,Es
she doomed advisable zone OF land was
reserved to the north in which no Chinese
troops were TO be quartered without the
consent of the debating power
Great Britain was not idle meanwhile.
China was forced to sign a compact with
her giving her control Of Wei Hal Wei
for a term contermnous with that Of Rus
STA, and under simillr provisions. She
has also a ninety years lease OF the
mainland opposite the island Of Hong
Kong
~
With such wide activities on the part
of Russia, Germany and Great Britain I.
was not to be supposed that France cu'd
refrain from seeking advantages of ma
turs which had been taken by these three
powers. In April, 1895 China gave to
the government OF France ninety-n e
years lease of Kwang Chow Wan and It's
bay near the island of Hainan. and las,
November this gift was enlarged by the
cession OF two islands commanding the
entrance to the bay. Italy was insistent-
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1900-07-29

~ demanding. a share Of the Chinese coast
when the Boxer uprising suddenly d.
verified attention from the land grabbing
processes that had been GOING on in
China for Ave years.
~
Chtna's trade is very important, but the
bulk of It is with Great Britain. Her
imports in 1895 amounted to 20s $40 1874
hllkwan taels. a halkwan tael is tho
equivalent of 70 cents American money
Exports from China in the same year az
gregated 15s ,037,l taels, OF the i'm
ports Great Britain and her colonies sent
Gin value of taels) ISL, 3l2,3i7; United
St1tes 1913 312 Europe, exclusive OF
Russia, 1897 ,792; Japsn 2IS76,O6S and
Russia 1854, 0Ss. China Imports opium,
cotton goods. raw cotton, woclcn goods,
metals coal coal oil, seawoed and hshing
products, and exports tea, raw 1li man
ufnctured silks, sugar, straw, maid. COW
ana buffalo hides paper. clothing and
chinaware and pottery Russia takes the
largest share of the tea, Great Britain The
second largest and the United states the
third largest share. Great Britain has
access to no fewer than thirty ports ~
treaty and last fall the Chinese govern
ment announced its intention OF opening
four new treaty ports.
~
No country in the world Is so rich IN
natural resources as is China. and in no
country are these resources so neglect
ed. In one province alone there is sur
ficent coal TO supply the world lndehnite-
ly al its present rate OF consumption. All
OF the provinces OF China proper contain
coal The mines at Kai Ping. in the
northern rart Of China. have been worked
By foreign capital and have been very
productive This coal is of excellent
quality In the province OF Shansi one
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1900-07-29

ice and its officials; the board of rev.
enues, which manages imperial finances;
the board OF rites and ceremonies, dealing
with customs and obseryances, the mill
tary board, in charge of defense: tho
BOARD OF public works, the Judiciary and
the admiralty. EXtraneous to the seven
great boards is an Organization OF cen 5or,
composed of fifty members, with a
Manchu and Chinese for presidents.
Members of this board may bring any
complaint whatever before the empcror.
ana censor is always present at meetings
oil the seven great boards of the empire.
49,
Until 1861 the empire had no government
organization to deal with foreign affairs.
In that year the now famous tsung Il
yamen, or foreign office, was created 1t
is composed OF the members OF the grand
council and several other officers of high
state, and controls the affairs OF iustitu-
lions at home in which foreigners are en-
ployed as well as the relations of China
with foreign powers.
~
In the scheme of the Chinese govern
ment the emperor has absolute power,
aud is personally concerned with The
smallest details, his signature being re-
CURED for the most insignificant pape s
of state except when he gives tho ca.
seal of the empire to a minister. THIS
trinket transfers his power to the holder
Succession to the throne is not ruled BY
heredity. The heir is selected by the en-
peror himself from among the members
Of younger generation of the imper al
family. The late sovereign died before
naming his successor, and the select n
was made in 1875 by the famous doWag r
empress, who placed Kwang Su upon the
throne.
According to the Statesman's Year Booa
the army of China numbers about 1000, 900
men (war footingJ. But this estimate does
not agree with the latest figures collated
by Russian officers, who may be consid-
cred the best authorities in the world GA
this subject. Russia's military agents
have placed the military strength of China
at 1855, 600 men. The following con-
stituents make up this grand total:
Manchurian regulars ......... $4,000
Mnnchurinn irreGulnrs ....... 10000
Active troops ...,..,.,........1.o 1000
Disciplined troops ............ Ib,bdU
PclSin field troops .........,... $4,000
Eight PelSin uags ...........,.. 10000
Eight provincial flags ...,... $4,000
Green (IuEs acknowledgements Uti.UuO
other troops ................S sos 900
Guards OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES. 1o3,oO0
It is to be remembered that many OF
these troops are unframed and that many
others are armed with antigua; ed
weapons, and some OF them only With
lances and spears. During the past thrS e
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1900-07-29
fannte ~vpwanm

held OF anthracite covers an area OF near.
ly 1900 SQUARE miles, while in the
western part OF the same province a field
OF bituminous coal is of equal extent. In
Human there are hard and soft coal areas
covering nearly $4,000 square miles. Iron
copper lead. tin and the precious metals
are also abundant.
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1900-07-29

years, however, nearly 100000 Mauser
rifles have been imported into China, and
vast quantities OF smokeless powder. hun
drsds of modern guns and other up-to da .
implements OF war have been purchased
by the imperial government since the
close Of the war with Japan.
~
In naval power China can not be con-
sider.d among the greater nations of the
earth, yet her admiralty is much stronger
than It was before her conflict with Japan,
1t is said that she has at least hfteen mod
ern cruisers. Among these are the Hal
Chi and the Hal Tien OF 1850 tons d s.
placement They were launched in 1897
and 1898 in the Tyne. They are armored
ships, with strong batteries and the re-
markedly great speed Of twenty -four kuo 3
an hour Smaller cruisers, which have
recently reinforced the navy, are the Hal
Shen, Hal Shoe and Hal Yung. Three tor
pedo boat destroyers, with a speed OF
thirty-three knots an hour, were also
bought in Europe by the imperial govern-
ment There are no better sailors or
naval fighters In the world than the Chi
uese. when they are equipped with mod
ern vessels and modern implements OF
warfare.
~
China's political status with the world
before the present disturbances began was
somewhat complicated. Her territory had
been encroached upon and she had been
compelled to sign treaty after treaty re-
linquishing control over vast sections OF
her coastwise land.
A. Chez Foo on the Sth of May. 1895,
che signed away the island OF Formosa 10
Japan. and the transfer of the island VS.
effected in June,
The Germans, in November, 1897, seized
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1900-07-29
AMERICAN FIREARMS IN CHINA.
Exports Have Been Small, but Grow.
imA in the LMnt Few Monthn.

New York. July 27.-A special to the
Tribune from Washington says: In view
of the circular of the secretary OF the
treasury to customs officers on the Pa
cltic coast "a regard 10 the exploration Of
arms and munitions OF war to Asiatic
countries the following official state
ment obtained from the treasury bureau
OF statistics today viii be OF general in-
terest:
Domestic exports of firearms. gunpowdor
and cartridges and other explosives from
the United States TO China. Hong Kong
and Japan. tho six months ended Decem-
Der 81 1899:
Firearms.
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1900-07-29

It is to be remembered that many oil
these troops are unframed and that many
others are armed with antigua ed
weapons, and some OF them only with
lances and spears. During the past thr~e
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1900-07-29

Under the cabinet and the council ar.
even great boards. which actively direct
'he affairs of the government. Each of
'hese boards has for its heads a Manchu
PA Chinese. The functions OF these
'rgan cations are described in their titles,
'hlch are; The board of civil appoint
penis which looks after the public serv-
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1900-07-29

NO gunpowder has been exported from
tho United States TO China, Hong Kong
or Japan since 1897 China took nearly
twice as many firearms from the United
States in the last six months of 1899 a5
she did In the preceding fiscal year and
about four times as many as she did in
1896 or 1898. Houg Kong took nearly as
many in the last six months Of 1899 as 1t
did IN he twelve mon hs ended June 30,
1898, and nearly three times as many as it
did in 1897.
ii is strongly suspected that a good
many OF the firearms exported to Hong
Kong found their way into the hands of
the l'ilipnos insurgents. The to,al ex-
ports of firearms and munitions OF war to
ANatic countries from the United States
cut u small figure as compared with sim
liar exports from Europe TO the same
countries. For example in the las an
nual report of Consul Ragsdale of Tien
Tsin. dated october II. 1899. the follow
ing statement is made:
Within the last three months German
firms have sold to the Chinese govern
ment some 200. 900 stands Of firearms, with
accompanying munitions OF war Tho
prices paid aud patterns furnished have
NOT been made public, but It Is reported
that the guns are very inferior in quality.
Evidently our gun manufacturers have not
felt Il worth while to keep an eye upon
in China"
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1900-07-29
THE PEOPLE OF CHINA THEIR CUSTOMS BELIEFS AND RESCUE

81 - ,,+ive official name OF the great
n ,a ~ Asia known to the Western
"a "a China is Chung Kwoh, meaning
81 "mlddle kingdom" The English
~ "China" is derived from the
an tatiu "Sina." which, in turn, is
rou,ed from the Greek sinai" The
,iaU,si origin OF the word Is unknown,
-, sunposed to be "Tsin," the name
"A ,he Chinese state which in 2S4 b. G.
me the dominant power in the eoun-
|5by.
n .. snlte OF numerous revolutions and
Manages of ruling powers the empire has
u o,d together for centuries. The area OF
Xhiro proper is 1.336,S4l square miles,
he largest Of the dependencies is Mon
e oIia with an area OF l.2SS.0O0 square
&'ues Then follow Tibet (65l 600 square
- ,uesl Eas. Turkestan (4Sl.SOO square
Xpiles. Manchurla lS62.3lO square miles)
#nd Inngaria 147,950 square miles,. The
ntal area of this vast domain is 4.2lS, 4Ol
{rmare miles, Just az. 4O1 square miles in
q tcess Of the area of the United states.
"A cluding Alaska and the Indian Territory
III excluding the new dependencies in the
"a lantic and Pacific oceans.
n ~
-. s,.,ietics can be given
M No 49,, m
40 the popui"'lon Vi nina n'' 'ne
Humber has been exaggerated there can
IN no doubt. The most recent and re-
3able estimates have somewhat reduced
f4bese older figures. But even today the
q host available information is gathered
rom official reports made as long ago as
IS42 1874, 1879 and 1857 In lSi2 China
|3roper was said to have had population
III 4lS,O00,OOO. This statement has been
modified TO 3SS,25S,O29 by using the va
NOUS estimates of the Chinese government
IN different years and estimates furnished
IN intelligent foreign residents. The fol-
AEwing table shows the population OF The
Empire as furnished by the highest au-
2hrities in this line of statistics
rhina ''.'.'''''.'''''''''' ,"SO'ooo'ooo
ons"''" ''''''''''''''''''' ,i"",,',,,r,
Jungaria ..............,... 8UU,UUu
aurhcst"h .'.''''''.''''''''' "'"'""o
Az, AK, nu,,
~
o,i.. .uo,ou +ha ro,,Io+;or {, 4.
AZ ~
iided between l1e ei6uteeh provinces Oh
lShantung, Chill, Shansi. Honan, Kiangsu,
Nganhwei, Kiangsi. Chehlang, FukiSn,
sEupeh. Human, Shensi. kansu. szechen,
lkwangtung Kwangsl Kweichau and YIN
b IN. The provinces. which roughly cor
respond with the departments OF France.
o. counties of England or the common
spsalths of the United States. are each
Royerned by governor general or vice
n'o,. in MI, territnrv ond r,ho ~. |,o
sDroyinclal administration in all lis de-
lpartments, military judicial. political and
tnAnclal The Yiceroy has cabinet COM
posed OF officials who attend to the Affairs
sof the various departments. The provinces
sAe divided into procedures. which arc
subdlyidsd into districts. and each district
snunicpal governmental ORGANIZATIONS of
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1900-07-29

The postal system of China is under the
SUPERVISION OF the minister of war Post
cars and runners are used in the trans
mission OF the mails.
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1900-07-29

I
! ly 1900 square miles, while in the
western part Of the same province a field
/ OF bitumlnous coal Is of equal extent In
Human there are hard and soft coal areas
covering nearly 1000 square miles. Iron
copper. lead. tin and the precious metals
are also abundant
But China Is not mining country. The
Chinese love agriculture. above all things
On the farms they work oxen and buffalo.
irrlgation is used extensively, and tho
inducements are such as were common to
Ch'nese farmers centuries ago The
products of the soil are almost endless
In their variety. Chinese Farmers and
horioulturists raise every species OF CO.
real, fruit and vegetable grown In Amer
lea. and numbers OF others that are quite
unknown to the West. In the northern
part OF the country wheat corn, barley
millet. peas and beans are grown In large
quantities. Rice sugar, cotton and indigo
are cultivated in the south. In the south
ern and western provinces Of Hupei Fu
CHEN. Hunau, Chang Hsi. An-Iui. Cheh-
Chiang, Szechneu and Kwang -Tuug ten Is
the principal product,
Mulberry trees grow everywhere. and
hence Chna's great product OF silk. Silk
factories are opera&ed in several OF the
/ large cities. In 1898 Shanghai had 913-
600 cotton spindles. and several cotton
mills have recently been started.
China's tonnage ls important The Col
lowing table shows the shipping Of the
empire for the year 1898:
Tonnage.
trent Britain ..,.......,..,..i,2d o,oId
CHINA .......,.............. S,lS7.nT2
Germany ...........,''...,... i'6So,oos
Japan ..,.........,... ........ I,9U0.tSi
United states ..,''.''....... 23o.io2
HfHhce ...s''..........'. f~o'ofs
~
In tho interior China Is utterly lacking
In all modern methods OF transportation,
There aro no railways. But the Chinese
are content without them and are highly
satisfied with their system OF roads. rlv-
ers and canals by which vast trade is
carried on. The streams are navigable
and most useful, and Two years ago the
imperial government opened tho rivers
and canals TO foreign vessels
All OF the railroad construction in china
Is limited to the north. There is a line
from Pcklng TO Tien Tsin. eighty miles,
and thence TO the coast at Taku, twenty
seven miles A line from Tangku to shan
hai-Kwan. runs through the coal dis
trict for 147 miles and ll3 miles farther
along the coast to the gulf of Lilac Tung.
In all China has about 400 miles of rail-
road track. Plans for upward of 1000
miles had been laid when the revolt put
an end to constructive industry.
~
UNIFORMED az the people Of the Yves!
may be about Chinese matters in general,
they are almost wholly ignorant concern
| ing the religion OF the yellow man. The
Chinese are not very devout, and, in fact,
are Indifferent in tho matter of worship
OF their ancestors. Three religious be-
liefs are current among the Chinese, and
one OF these can hardly be termed re-
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1900-07-29

The storm center of the troubles
in China is now in the north, near
Pekin and the Siberian border But
the movement IS spreading south
ward toward Nankin, Shanghai and
Canton. Shanghai is about $50 miles
from Pekin and Canton is about
1000 miles. Along this strip OF eoast
are millions Of Chinese sympathizers
with the anti-foreign cause, aud
here mus, the Chinese army be met
and conquered.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1900-01-31
sheen breeders Nicer.

The Oath annual meeting of the Yer
mont Merino Sheep Breeders Associa
ton was held at Middlebury, last Wed
nesday. The annual address was deIiv
cred by the president, Ira L. Hamblin
He referred to the encouraging condi
ton of the sheep-raising business and
also spoke of the proposed treaty be.
tween the United States and the Argen.
tine Republic and suggested that the
members of the association protest
against its ratification.
The officers who served last year were
re elected. The secretary's report show
ed that eight members had been added
to the association during the year, ant
the treasurei's report shows balanc,
OF ST. So. The reports were accepted
and it was voted to pay the secretary {
salary of $500 during the coming year
A committee OF FIVE was appointed t.
draw up resolutions to be presented tt
Congress protesting against the adop
ton of the proposed Argentine Republic
treaty.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1900-01-31

surrounding millions, will surely follow.
The first unattained, the second, at best,
will be spasmodic and of little worth.
The intelligent, thoughtful observer sees
more in nature and in the ordering of the
aafflrs of this world, than the unguided
plans and devices of men and nations. For
him the wisdom of the Eternal shapes the
affairs of men and of nations, sometimes
even against their selfish plans and de-
sires. For such, His hand planted the
seed of individual manhood, and for CEN
lures watched over and cared for it in
its slow growth amidst infinite sufferings,
struggles, and conflicts until at length,
planted on these shores, not entirely in
its purity, but at last brought to full
fruitage in the terrible struggles and con-
fiicts which ended with the civil war. I'm
der Him, no man, no nation lives to itself
alone. If it has received much much
must it give to the less favored. Under
His guidance, I believe, the discharge of
this great and difficult duty has fallen, I'M
sought, to the lot of this nation. Then
let the nation take up the duty, which
the Ruler of men and nations has placed
upon it; go forward in an honest, I'M
selfish, intelligent, earnest endeavor to
discharge it for the highest interest of
the nation, and of the islands, in the fear
and under the direction of the Supreme
Ruler, who guided the fathers and found
erS; and the nation will not cannot, en-
counter failure.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1900-01-31
Knighsed by the King of Sweden.

Col. William Lamb OF Nowfolk, Va,
who is well known in Brattleboro and
Guilford as summer visitor, has been
knighted by King Oscar of Norway and
Sweden. He was knighted in recogni.
ton of his services, especially those rem
dered in behalf of John Anderson. the
Swedish cook of the schooner Olive
Pecker, who was hanged for the murder
on the high seas of the mate OF the
schooner. The honor conferred is the
knighthood of Wasa, the family name
OF the reigning house of Sweden and
Norway. The decoration was forward.
ed through the Swedish Norwegian min.
lister at Washington. Col. Lamb is the
confederate hero of Fort Fisher, who
after the war became republican, and
is now one of the leading men in that
party in Virginia.