The times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1897-1901, 1900-04-29

unusual numbers Is l1r. Lewis Marcy
life OF Liebcr published under the title
Francis Lieber; HIS Life and Political
Philosophy" As may be inferred from the
name. the work is not only biography
but to some extent study OF the system
Of thought Of which Lieber was the eX-
ponent during his long and useful life.
It is surely 10 less important that the
men who have helped to shape the scholas-
Tic and political thought of this country
thould be recognized in history than thai
the lives OF statesmen and soldiers should
be written On this account it is pleasant
10 find that this particular scholar has fall
len into the hands OF 50 good a hiographer
lie belonged. during his youth in Ger
many. to the stormy period Of the second
quarter OF the century; he spent the prime
Of MS life in America during the formative
age OF her great colleges he was one Of
those German scholars who contributed @
the young nation the best Of the Old
Worlds thought The influence Of these
men Of Heidelberg and Jena was perhaps
more noticeable in the East than else
where because the cultured classes OF New
England and New York were at that time
less actively interested in politics and ma
terfal development than the South and
West. and at the same time less attached
10 old English ideals than the gentlemen
OF the South They we're thus eager 10
grasp new thoughts. and harbor political
refugees thrown out Of European countries.
especially Germany. during the dis
turbances which followed the advent OF
Napoleon. Among these men were some
Of the most learned and Independent think
frr lin TO Nr "a I'd
10 New York and TO the country generally.
was almost beyond calculation. Lieber is
. perhaps as good an example Of this type
Of German American as can be found.
Spending the greater part OF his life in this
country. he came 10 refer 10 himself as an
American: vet he remained In thought and
habit essentially German. The strongest
tie aside from that OF residence. which
he had with this country was that Of
devotion to liberty. He gave his life to
this cause by blood, word. and pen. and
never for one moment did he compromise
himself by any action which sanctioned in
reference with the rights of man. One OF
his sayings has become a proverb;
No right without its duty; 10 duty without its
right.
He was born in Berlin. March Is. 1880,
and the story Of his life is closely con
events of the century jus, closing. He
died in 1872, having lived to see principles
for which he had fought firmly established
both in this country and in Europe.
At the time Of his birth the German
States were in a somewhat demoralized
condition and their conquest was threat
ened BY Napoleon Young Lieber. being
natural fighter grew M in an atmos-
phere Of patriotic feeling and endearor Hia
two older brothers both en- listed
in the army as soon as they
reached the requisite age. ard
in due tire Francis followed their
example His mother, one of the finest
types OF the German woman, said that IA ,
she twenty sons. she would gladly give
them all TO their country. 4 little Incl
dent recorded in the first chapter Of this
biography shows the strength Of patriotic
feeling in Prussia during the years of Lie
ber's boyhood
No individual did moro TO arouse the national
spirit among the German youth than Friedrich
Ludwig Jain, the author Of the modern IS stem
Of gymnastics He was q German patriot, born
81 LAM, PRUSSIA. iu us In 1871 De went te
Berlin. whore ne became teacher al the MOI
risthes gymnasium. From patriotic motives ie ts-
tsblished Eymnasia, where Young men were nii'4
60 endure the iatigucs az war. Ills motto was
s'Frisch froi frohlich und fromms' '-trua-. free
jovful and pious" No French was allowed 90 ne
spoken: national songs were sung. and every chofJ
was put forth 10 make She gymHasll nurseries O.
patriotism Dr Jain called these schools TIE
Tlfrschuleu. and the member wore short black
irock coat, black cap. linen trousers bare
neck. with turned over shrt-collar Besides E5 M
uastics. De ta9Ett German manners. ana h'--
C0ursced local ieslolie- and provIueiiIlsIl- ben
marching with Tho yaGug Turner'S cur oi Berlin,
Or jain would ask the new ones as they passed
beneath ;hc Buudeuhurg Gate What are you
thinking of uows' d the boy did NOS know
what 90 answer. Jahu would give him "a box gn
the car. saving Dr. be- did So, 'lou should think
Of this how you can bring back the four fine
statues Of horses that once stood over ills gaze
and were carried by The French Go Paris
With this enthusiastic patriot Leber
was closely associated for a period OF
eight years, and Jahn.s influence mad
doubtless something TO do with the later
movements for the uuifcation Of Germany.
All his efforts were directed toward the
throwing of OF the yoke OF foreign Gus
toms languages. and morals.
A little story told OF Lieber in his child
hood shows how earnest and single-heart-
ed was his nature When his elder broth
ers answered the cali 20 arms in 1873 the
younger boy went 20 his room, knelt down
and took a solemn oath that he would
study French enter the French army,
come near to Napoleon's person and rid
the earth Of that son OF crime and sin
Needless TO say he did not do this. but
did fight against the Emperor after the
latter's escape from Elba. He was wound
cd at the battle Of Namur and came home
10 his family. who had given him up TOR
dead His only personal effects at that
time consisted Of a dog which had gore
through the Waterloo campaign and had
the end OF its tail shot Of After the
Napoleonic wars we're over, he, like many
other young students entered euthusias-
tically into the formation OF liberal and
political clubs. This resulted IN a brief
Imprisonment and Lieber was prohibited
from receiving any appointment under The
Government or matriculaUng at any Ger
man university. Carried away by his de-
votion to liberty, he went TO fight in the
Greek army during the Gre-O-Turkish war,
was bitterly disappointed in the character
Of the patriots, and left the country Al
most peuniless. he arrived in Rome. aud
made the acquaintance Of the Prussian
Minister. Niebuhr. with whom he was as
sociated for d considerable time as q sort
OF secretary This association proved Of
inestimable value 10 the young philosoph=r
On Niebuhr's removal from Rome. in 1898,
Lieber returned 10 his native land on foot
and was finally imprisoned. and rescued
by Niebuhr vino always proved most
loyal friend 10 min. Some time after this
experience he determined 10 go 10 Amer
Tea. and finally dad so. receiving an APP
polntmont rs director OF the Boston gym
nasium. Ia 1872. He wrote an encyclo-
paedia. which was a work Of note iu its
day. and naturally came into association
with many leaders OF the abolition move
ment. morg them Sumner who was fer
many years his warm friend. The charac-
ter Of their friendship is shown in the fol-
lowing passage:
When sumner MSS about 70 sail 'ar Europe IN