davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
La democracia. (Ponce, P.R.) 1890-1948, 1900-07-16
CoNDICIoNEs z CoNCGsIoNEs

Observation-Disclosures
oacoao
vahds
M8danta devouGol de
al
6a In dhranoia = -
asdo
Va los a 4
dc L., $50
G9GuhoS--@ oaIpa
PAga maa tnGormsa GriGrs
MAYOL HERNANos q Co.
La democracia. (Ponce, P.R.) 1890-1948, 1900-07-16
Sc Vende

Una naqu1narla para elaborar azu-
car Y cenLr1Iugado CrlstaIlzado, gus
cunsta do los sIgulenJes aparatOS:
Un Tacnu al FdclO de sells y medic
pies de Ill metro, con CapacIuad para
~ necLoutI0, U sean D IOneIauaS dc
aAucar secU, EroVIstO dc . serpenunaS,
traupaS, mauomeUrUs, cOlumnas, pIa-
LaIorma, escaIera y Louos sus acceSU-
RIOS cOnIplotus.
Una bumDa ue vacio de IA 10,
1o con conuensad Y coneccIoneS.
DUS cenUl1Iugas, sIStema HepWortn,
con aaIaXOr ue oU hectolltrOS cablda
LransmlslOnes y Maqulna de Yapor,
Lo1O cOmpieJU.
Una DUmDa de 4Vapor para meiadura
con Su IuDorIa.
Una DOmba duplex para traer ell aqua
del RIO, con 0UU pies LUDerla dc d puI-
gadaS y LOuOs Sus accessories completes.
Una caldera dc acero de 8 pies Ola
metro pUr 10 pies do largo con I4U tu-
Dos patentes ue puisauas, dono Dc
yapOr, nornaIla J UUuos suS dcceSo-
rIos compI0LOe.
Un Canal nlerrO para descargar el
azucdr del LdcnO y NarIds tuDerIda do
ue cunecclOA entire esuS aparLos.
hsta MAG ulRAria esta en- perIecto
Ouen eotAuo y sOlamenLe I'D LraDaJd-
uU un a1O.
Para luiorme ROBERTO GRAHAM,
InsenIero Marina % Ponce PR.
Mayo 70 1900. 3v. 5.
La democracia. (Ponce, P.R.) 1890-1948, 1900-07-16
BIbIEoseca dc Ia DEmOCRACsA

por el agajero ell momeato msm0 eu que Tsobaldo
acta nuevo esfaerzo. AL mIsmo tiempo di6 IN
grito SO despiom6 como la dsga del rev
de Navarro lie habfa herido los hombros al YER
le caer, oreyeron Quelus oompansro que tenfa
alg1a aocdente, pues Earique retro rapidamente la
dsgs pero uno de los reitres, que oog6 su iefe en-
brazos, 10 solt6 en- segaida, grtando:
-lSangrei
--Silencioi-orden6 Qaelur, one habfa DIDO al rui-
do de IN pesado carromato que aoercaba
volVfs la ekqaina de la Gale.
Oy6 tambl6n Enriqus de Borbon ell ruido MUIR
mur6:
La partida sera igual, pues van auxiliarnos
nuestros amigos los marineros.
La exclamation del retire asombr6 Quelus y
aus amigos.
Isl, Ga aangre, mirad-diio 81 retire v ensen6 Las
Tnanos, PoT IN momento el estupor mas Qrande los
oomlno dos 1aciaaronae sobre e eadav YER ne con-
Teneleron de que Taobsdo habfa recibdo una Dnaada
entire los hombro gin embargo, Ia paerta estaba ce
rrada como sntes oy6 ning6n ruido.
-loangrel-repltl6 Quelus, que crey6 que Teobal-
DO se habis herido aghu olavo de La puerta En-
este nsante fue cuando apaTeo6 el ell extreme
de a caiie Tecortandose obscure Sohre Ell fondo
de las tlniebas de Ia Dochs.
-Creo,- ,-dijo Epc~aoG ;atarponisndose. antes
dc sitlar asa casa eohar abso Ia puets Ia que solo
con tooaFa naare "a geute convenience que deemog
pasaF OarTo.
kl caro- que senalaba Epernon ae aoercaba lents-
ente arrastFado poT tres percheFones Que.
lns sua amigos vieron muV pronte que oada ado
del CAIRO iba grupo, Q1slus anadi6:
NO noa metamos con IL gente de B'op-y obe4
EaFab sbaRdonaron Il cadsves de Tsobaldp - medic
La democracia. (Ponce, P.R.) 1890-1948, 1900-07-16
ILIe0sdS 6sliaCE

OOhkNONkS-A
colonial e
4arssLa
eaux-H
bod aaa para Barcelona so axpidsn de t. de- Hsn
La democracia. (Ponce, P.R.) 1890-1948, 1900-07-16
XII

Vovauaos de nueyo casa delge1prOcurador y en-
tremos en- ella en- los momentoa On que Ana de
se quedara dormids vsResag por e naro6tiOo, Raul
80 IDA en- Duscs ds 5fardouinot despu6s
ola con elios e de Nayarrs al que Ell ancano do:
-demos As6or, aprovechado el tempo Y ya no
qusda nl una maheda por recoger; vedlo-y gui6 al
fey La e1eVa la que hahfa ocho toneleE hiiera,
-hntre 81 seaak Raul 20 hemos Querido Haosrlos
60 aQu 40 mos podido logrsTo. Ea verdad qne
La democracia. (Ponce, P.R.) 1890-1948, 1900-07-16
La Reina de las barricadas

-sY estos senores9 -pregunt6 Crillon a Noe, que
le respondi6:
Amigos nuestroI de aquel ds ouyo parte vents
induds bemente.
H I'd Crillou signo Affirmative y repiic6:-tHa
legado la chalana?
-Si-contest6 Noe.
-SY loa tonelesf
-Todo esta corTiente.
Els precise que saques Ell oargado-diio
Noe al posadero-pues debemos If llevsr ell forrajs
q IN buen burgu6s que entregAa camblo unoa
ouantos toneles de vino que oargAremos la chaans
Eu ouanto nosotros, aefor de Crillon-ahadi6-a
del traja hemeg conservado las espadas-y sefis6
seis coooadas Entertainments rnc6n.
-El CARO- esta eaperando-diio ell posadero
trando.
-En len marcha que Ia estrella del
rey de Navarro nos proteia-dijo Lahire, Noe ana
di6:
-Y esto es Oosa hechs, porque Cron viene
The semi-weekly messenger. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1897-1908, 1900-08-21

most colossal political mistake ever
made in the United States IN the
states where the egroe are numer-
Gus it is now practically nullified. Ex-
perience a shown the notification to
be necessary. 1t is nothing less than
a hideous doctrine that all person 8
have an equal right to participate n
government, on equal terms, or that
"self-government" or consent of the
governed" requires the acceptance or
application Of this doctrine . " The
fittest must rule, will rule and ought to
rule. Difference Of race intensifies the
principle or the fact"
That is good, wholesome doctrine Ia
the main The negro ace may one
day be so educated Is to use the ballot
with Judgment, sobriety, intelligence. a
desire to conserve and develope, but it
is a long way off at present. Even the
best educated blacks voted steadfastly
for bad men, corrupt government and
against their benefactors, employers
and most sympathetic friends.
The semi-weekly messenger. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1897-1908, 1900-08-21
BREvTTIEs

The Houston Post puts a cap on 10
Wheeler that fits him we'll. It says:
General Joe Wheeler wants a big
standing army. A comparatively small
one seems to have been amply sufficient
to capture him."
Hoar said that McKinley's policy in
the Philippines was criminal" He
now supports the criminal" guilty Of
the crime which is very contempti-
BILE and small.
Webster Davis has had to decline in
three weeks 723 invitations to make
bryan speeches. He is in great de-
|mand, and a republican of superior ca
and integrity.
Princeton university is forging ahead
rapidly. 1t has 7s5 applicants for ex-
ANIMATION which beats its record.
The Savannah News, gold organ, is
lof the opinion hat the republican
party made a mistake when it attempt
led to force negro rule on the south, and
lit would make a mistake If it should
Oppose the movement to disfranchise
lilliterate negroes"
Rev. DR.. Cyrus Hamlin for a long
time missionary to Turkey, died recent
Ily at Portland. Maine. He was born In
The semi-weekly messenger. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1897-1908, 1900-08-21

1911 in that state. DR.. Hamlin was the
first president of Robert college, on
stantinop1e. m continued at its head
until a few ear ago.. when his son-in-
law, DIR. Washburn, succeeded him"
General 10 Wheeler saved the life of
a twelve a old son OF W. ]. Bryan
in Chicago. The boy was hanging "a
feet in midair. hanging by h o Of
his shoes clutching the angle of the
window. He sat aghast for a moment
and then rushing to the window he
pulled the lad In by his legs and land
ed him safely on the floor.
There are six cities whose populations
are announced Milwaukee shows the
greatest per centage OF increase-o per
cent. Buffalo Is next. The P~ittsburg
Chronicle says:
The real interest OF the census will
come when the movement Of population
as regards the smaller cities and towns
is a~scertained. 1t may be that suburb
an growth will become the marked
feature Of population increase"
The semi-weekly messenger. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1897-1908, 1900-08-21

South Carolina is becoming famous for
it's extra crops Its newspapers have
often reported most creditable farming
experiments. Now comes a startling
report that Mr.. S. NJ. Key, a noted
farmer in Beaufort county, had actual
ly grown six crops in one rear on the
same land. A letter in the Charleston
News and Courier. tells the story and
it is interesting. On a poor, light piece
Of land he raised "a fine crop of oats
averaging so bushels to the acre.
planted it IN corn in May, making 80 to
35 bushels to the acre., at the same
time growing "a full crop of green peas
between the corn rows; then planted a
crop Of cow peas, which yielded 10 to
II bushels per acre; n now has grow
ing second crop of cowpeas' which
will be harvested in time to make way
for crops of turnips and cabbages on
the same ground-making six crops
grown on the same ground in one year."
The semi-weekly messenger. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1897-1908, 1900-08-21
The Best Advertising | Can Do
Is to be Continually Selling Goods Cheap!

I am all the time on the war path
with high prices. The ready money
levels up lots of Uneven places and
IgiveS you the you want to fill
your memorandum with at you own
lprice. I will give you a Ladies nice
buckle Slipper at 43c a pair. My goo
ISlippers now at70c. My line of S1.25
Ladies' Slippers at CSC a pair. / have
III pairs of fine best Patent Leather
slippers, 1 sold at $2.29 a pair, now at
$1.50. I have 120 pairs of Ladies Fine
Hand Sewed Button Shoe in narrow
lasts-A B c. and D-ShoeS old from
$500 to $500, now your choice at s1.25
a pair. Sixty-five pair Ladies Fine
lDongola Shoes, with solid soles and
I%counters, patent tip and common sense,
lat $1.00 pair, extra value. We have
fou styles Ladies' Fine Slippers made
by Barring Bros, Cincinnati, the latest
and newest styles, worth S1.75, for $3.50.
Jour 1925 Slippers we sell for $1.90; $500
slippers for $1.75. These Slippers are
new and fresh goods and every pair
warranted by factory to give satisfac-
ton.
We have about 5000 yards Summer
Lawns and Piques in whSte and all col
move. Our best 10c PiquesI are now Sc
per yard. 12Kc Stripe Piques now 10c.
White Welts for Ladies' Skirts that
were sold close for 1Sc are now 15c.
500 yards Chinese Silks in red. garnet.
navy and black, regular soc values,
now 2Sc. Two pieces Navy Blue Silk
with white polka dots, worth soc, now
33c. Two styles Ladies' Dress Silks,
extra quality, 26 inches wide, cheap at
soc, now 3sc per yard. White Colored
Silk at 32c per yard.
The semi-weekly messenger. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1897-1908, 1900-08-21

money bags upon their best metal and
hardest work to prevent h defeat of
the slimiest, tricktest of American pol
liticians. He will have to buy literally
hundreds Of thousands OF white and
black votes to elect his a
Another sign is the heavy disaffec-
Ition in the north among the negro
voters. A Chicago dispatch stated:
This afternoon William J.. Bryan
had a conference with a delegation Of
lcolored men headed by ]. Milton Tur-
Iner, of st. Louis, former minister to
Liberia They represented that there
was much dissatisfaction among the
members of their race with the pres
lent administration, and ssure Mr..
Bryan that he would receive the votes
Iof many Of them They, therefore.
urged the Importance of the organiza-
Ition of Bryan democratic clubs"
The semi-weekly messenger. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1897-1908, 1900-08-21

Will cotton in 1900 rise to 10 cents and
remain for the crop? 1t is thought by
the United States department OF agri-
culture that the present crop will be
less than the last and by some half mil
lion bales. The average conditions on
LIST August, in 1898, was 91.2; in 1899,
"a; and in 1900 but 76. II there should
be no genuine Improvement from nov
out the crop would be perhaps $500, 900
short Of two years ago. Ought that
mo- to force up cotton to 10 cents. The
increase in home consumption and the
demands Of the world should fetct
very remunerative prices t o the cotton
planters.
The semi-weekly messenger. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1897-1908, 1900-08-21

We have all the new shades and up
to-date styles In new Golf Hats. in
Gray and Summer coloEs, from soc to-
s2.75. Narrow Velvet Ribbon at 19c
bunch. We have all the widths in Vel
vet Ribbon
We are sole agents for Aycock Hats.
and are having a special sale OF them.
$2.25. We ave 40 dozen Good Spec
tacles to sell at sc per pair. Five hun
dred boxes Paper n Envelopes at sc
per box. Five hundred pounds Writ
ing Paper at 10c per pound. 1.500 cakes
Sweet Soap. Turkish Bath and Tar
Soap for 1Sc dozen; on Saturday 1c per
cake. The best lee S~uspenders in the
world. Richly worth 15c; while h
last for 1Oc.- Three hundred Ladies
Leather Belts. an samples. A 25c La
dies Belt for lie. Fifty dozen Shoe
Soles al 10c a pair. Forty-eight pairs
Lace Curtains at 4Sc a pair. A good
3-yard long ace Curtain for s1.O0 a
pair.
Two hundred yards very fine Black
Organize, worth Csc per yard whole
sale, my price 1Sc per yard. White Bed
Spreads from SOC up. Best quality
Hemmed Sheets, 81 by 80 inches, for 60c
each. We have a big stock Mems and
Ladies Bathing Suits to close out.
To move goods o must put a lever
behind them, and the driving wheel of
trade is a combination Of big values
and low prices.
We serve others and will be glad to
serve you. Come AND help Us unload
our stock. We've got to move into our
new building. and We had much rather
move money thai goods.
Wilmingtons Big Racket Store on
Front street, opposite The orion.
The semi-weekly messenger. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1897-1908, 1900-08-21
Do YOUR WORST

The south has grown p~hilophical and
Indifferent with the years. The criti-
cisms and earnings and misrepresenta-
tons of the north no longer disturb its
eQuanimity. In fact it does not care a
baubel as to what the north says or
thinks. The cry up there is 10 cut
down democratic representation in both
the United States house and electoral
college. Go it If you will. The south
has been badly treated since the very
beginning of President Washington's
first term as we can prove. Even the
New York World favors cutting down
the representation. The well edited
Newport Herald laughs at the folly and
1t says, and many southern
voters will agree with it n snap their
fingers in the face of the fools:
THAT threat of reducing representa-
ton in congress is growing stale. WHO
except a lot of little 'three-for-ive'
politicians who hope some day to get
in congress or make something out of
the fellow who does, cares if represen-
tation in congress is u down? Take
Virginia, for instance. The average
congressman who gets there under
present conditions is worth precious
little to the state, and but few people
in this part of the country would
weep if there were a reduction in the
number. Certain is, Virginia, Alabama,
North Carolina and all the other south
ern states can very well afford to trade
off half their congressman for the sweet
privilege of being forever free from the
danger and constant dread of negro
rule and all the political evils that a
grown and are constantly growing out
of tina
The semi-weekly messenger. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1897-1908, 1900-08-21

London, August 1.-THE British for
eign office has received a dispatch
from Sir Nicholas O'Connor, the Brit
iSh ambassador al Constantinople, an
nouncing that the consul at Van, while
travelling near Elk was fired ON by
Kurds and his dragoman was wound
ed. The consul got his party away
with difficulty and his baggage was
lost. The ambassador has lodged a
strong protest with the Turkish gov
eminent.
The semi-weekly messenger. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1897-1908, 1900-08-21

If Mr.. Bryan is the wise, astute
statesman we believe him to be he will
have but little to do with Marion But
ler. If by any means used it could be
impressed upon the. North Carolina
mind, right or wrong, that the treach-
erous, evil-minded Butler could have
any weight with Bryan and his admin
istration, he could not get the demo-
cratic vote of our people. He was in
Chicago on 18th. A dispatch says:
when shown a newspaper asserting
that Senator Butler, of North Carolina,
is out of line with the democratic
party in it's national campaign, Mr..
Bryan said:
The only information I have about
this is from the newspapers, and 1 have
no reason to believe there is anything
to the story"
Mr.. Bryan would do we'll to under
stand that the true democracy of North
Carolina are clean out of line with
Butler in all things.
The semi-weekly messenger. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1897-1908, 1900-08-21

The Norfolk Virginian-P1lot tina was
such a very able and taunch demo-
crat under the late accomplished and
lamented Colonel William c. ELAN, is
keeping up good ticks for the demOcra-
cy under the present management, and
sustaining we'll the good name of the
paper. 1t recently said this, and it's
prediction is amply fulfilled:
I'VE venture the prediction hat Mr..
Bryan's speech of acceptance will be
assailed with unparalleled fury-for it
is the strongest arraignment of the
republican policy that has yet been
made. 1t is a quite sufficient demon
~stration that Mr.. Bryan will be as
formidable a campaigner with imperi-
alism as the paramount issue as he was
in 1896 with silver as the issue"
Vernon County censor. [volume] (Viroqua, Wis.) 1865-1955, 1900-03-14
Singing at Their Work.

Contractors In South Missouri en-
ploy many negroes to load gailroad ties
in the cars of the Memphis railway,
says the Kansas City Star. TIE ties
are cut in the woods, hauled TO the rail
way in wagons and dumped in piles
along the side of the roads. The ne
groes tLen take them up, tie by tie. and
run with them up planks to the cars.
where they drop them in regular order.
These negroes are paid a price for each
tie they carry, so they vie with one
another TO card the most money in one
day.
They become so expert at the work
that an old hanl can throw a heavy tie
on his shoulder. so that Il VIII balance,
anC then. without holding IT, he will
run. both hands pressed fiat against his
sides, up the gangplank to the car. The
negroes are so accustomed TO the work
that they seldom drop a tie and seem
never to have sore shoulders.
One may see gangs OF a dozen or
more of them. all singing and whistling
Each sings Mt the top of his voice or
whistles as loud as he can, and every
tune is different. The fleet is anus
ing, but beyond description. The men
carry their ties at trot all day long
An inspector stands beside the plank
that goes up the car to examine the ties
being loaded. 1t is amusing to hear the
inspector call a negro halfway up the
plank with a tie on his shoulder to
throw it away among the heap of bad
ties The negro gets no credit for his
load and goes back swearing At his bad
luck, while his companions stop their
music and burst into loud. uncontrolla-
BILE laughter
All these negro tie-carricrs have deep
grooves in the right shoulder where
the ties have pressed. but the flesh is
calloused and seldom sore. The men
make good wages. most Of them $50
a day They spend all Of 1t. Very few
Of them save their money.
Vernon County censor. [volume] (Viroqua, Wis.) 1865-1955, 1900-03-14
KENTUCKY BANK AN ARSENAL
London Financial Institution is Forti-
fed Like a Boer Laager.


Even a dignlfied bank president
must accgstom himself to the strenu-
GUS life if his institution does business
in Kentucky" remarked a Chicago
bank clerk, who came back from that
State a few days ago.
"Londop, the little mountain town,
where Governor Taylor called the Leg
islature to meet, has one bank, the
First National, and that concern Is fur
nished with as much artillery as il 1t
were a Boer laager. The north wall of
the bank is covered with firearms of
every description, and on little shelf
just beneath the paying teller's dask
three 45.caliber revolyers are always
In readiness. On each side of the CRsh-
ler's desk loaded pistol lies ready to
supplement- the guns commanded by
the paying teller. On the wall just ont
side the counter are huns, enough guns.
pistols. swords and knives to rout a
regiment of outlaws.
Some of these weapons are SO veneer
able that they are regarded as curiosi-
ties than implements of destruction. but
> 0ECtlN one 10 uhHb AtA SeAN4NN.
on either side of a cannon ball,
which is a relic of the Spanish-Ameri-
can war placed In the bank partly as
memento and partly to add to the ar
ray of arms-are pistols. which are al
ways loaded and easily within grasp.
Four rifles, resting on the top of the
desk rail. are likewise always ready for
use. In another part of the room are
two guns, more destructive than any of
the Others, so that change OF weap-
ons, graduating from the ordinary six
shooters to the double-barreled gun,
that will NOW down half dozen men
at time, may be made according to
the necessities of the occasion"
'"Then. Kentucky politicians have n
pleasant way OF raiding banks as well
as sampling still whiskyw
81 don't know about that" laughed
the Chicago man, but was told that
they bought their armament because
London lies in the heart of the noun
tain feud district where money and
life are both pretty cheap. Chicago
Inter Ocean
Vernon County censor. [volume] (Viroqua, Wis.) 1865-1955, 1900-03-14
Art Of Temnering Conner.

The allegation that ancient Egyp-
tians tempered copper and bronze to
carry "A razor edge Is not borne out by
investigation. Thomas Harper of
Bellevue. Pa. challenges any one to
produce a piece Of metal tempered by
the ancleuts that can not be more than
duplicated by any meal worker TO-
day. lie says that In examining hun
dreds Of specimens alleged to have
been I, npered TO the degree that steel
Is ten. Dered, he failed TO find any. nor
had he discovered any one who had
seen such work. and the fable which
has been implici,,y believed for ceniu-
ries IL being shattered in the ligh' II
modern research.
That is not the only story believed
for centuries tending to belittle the
man of to-day, TO make him the infe-
rior OF his forefathers, which failed I'M
der the searchlight of inquiry and sci
ence. The ancients were children 81
mechanical knowledge as compared
TO the people of to-day, and if there
was demand for any particular build
ing or piece of Wort: such as was pro-
duced by the ancleDts it could be du-
plcated and improved on by the skill
ed artisans Of the nineteenth century.
American Manufacturer.
Vernon County censor. [volume] (Viroqua, Wis.) 1865-1955, 1900-03-14
GREAT COKE AND COAL YEAR.
Tremendous Output of Both Expected
in Western Transatlantic in 1000.

tremendous output of Both Expected
in Western Pennsylvania in 1900.
This year win witness the greatest
era in the coke and coal regions of
Western Pennsylvania in their history.
In the Connelsville coke region more
now ovens will be built than In any
previous year, and the coke production
will be increased fully 20 per cent
There are now projected and in the
course of erection more than 1000 new
ovens. which will be put in operation
by the middle of the coming summer,
which will run the total of the coke
ginning of the present year there were
ia operation In the region 1S,904 ovens.
During the past twelve months the
price of coke has nearly doubled, and
the demand to-day greatly exceeds the
production. At the present price. s.
The business Is most profitable. Two
wears ago coke was selling for 81 ton
The production of the coke region fer
1897 was 100000 tons while during
the year 1899 9.529.0 900 tons was ship
ped from the Connellsvlle region. The
1897 product was valued at $4,000, 600.
while that Of last year represented a
value of S20.500,000 The enlarged ca
pacity will increase the product for
1900 to about 100000 tons, With a
value Of nearly S3G.000000.
Just now there is a famine in coke.
The famine is not acute because coke
can be had for immediate delivery, but
only in small quantities. Coke makers
are just nov getting So a ton for fur
mace coke and S32J for foundry coke.
Western Pennsylvania coke is now
bringing $3.50 at Cincinnati and $3.50
at st. Louis. All kinds of coal have
greatly advanced in prices, and today
there Is not an idle mine in all Western
Pennsylvania. In many cases the
wages Of the miners have been ad-
yanced greatly. The coal famine has
induced many large Pittsburg consum-
ers to buy up coal lands. and many new
mines will be opened soon. A large syn
dicate, formed Of Pittsburg consumers.
has obtained control Of more than
100000 acres Of rich coal lands
around the city, and will operate mines
TO supply their manufacturing plants.