Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1900-07-28

tillery and loopholes for musketry. At fire.
quent intervals there are watch towers and
barracks for the accommodation of troops.
On the top of the ramparts in some places
are piled large stones. which in times of
tumult or war thrown upon the heads
of assailants. Such stones not by any
means dispicable missiles. At the COM
mencement of the last war which England
in alliance with France, waged against
China some soldiers of her majeSty's 59th
Regiment We're killed by them in the vi
cinity of the TAPPING gate of Canton. In
consequence of their great antiquity the
walls of many of the northern cities are ne
elected and dilapidated. Those by which
the more important and wealthy cities
mciosed are in very perfect condition and
as a matter of course receive constant at
tention. Owing to their great antiquity,
however, portions of them not unfrequently
give way with a great crash. The walls of
Canton have given way at different points
on two or three occasions.
Great Folding Gates.
At the north south. east and west sides
of each Chinese city there are large folding
gates of great strength. These are further
secured by equally massive inner gates.
Each of the principal outer gates of the
city of Nankin is strengthened by three
such inner gates. OF the gates of a Chi
nese city the one which is held in honor
above all others is that at the south.
Through the south gate, or gate of honor,
winch is especially regarded as the EN-
perors gate, all officials com. ng to the city
to hold office enter, and when they vacate
office it is by the same gate that they de-
part. No funeral procession is allowed TO
pass through this gate, and the same pro-
hipition excludes the bearers of night soil
or of anything which is regarded as I'M
clean. The south gate of the capital of the
empire is regarded as SO sacred that. as
rue. it is Kept closed, and only openeu
when the emperor has occasion to pass
that way.
Have Some Wide Streets.
The streets of cities. towns and villages
are generally wider in the northern than in
the southern provinces of the empire.
Those of Pekin are very broad. Indeed, in
this respect they equal those of European
cities. The streets of Chinese cities are
paved with granite slabs. bricks or paving
stones. Those of the city of Canton are
paved with granite slabs. The streets OF
the city of Soo-chow-so long famous for
the wealth of its citizens-are N some
cases paved with granite slabs, and IN otn-
ers with paving stones. The streets OF
Pekn are macadam.zzed, or supposed to be.
They are considerably raised in the center.
that the In water may easily flow
into the conduits either side Road
metal Is never laid on them, however, and
in the rainy season they are filthy to a de-
gree. In summer they are so covered with
aust as to renaer travelling upon them a
thing to be avoided In the evening there
is most intolerab.e stencil for the con-
Quits are then opened and the Stagnant
water they contain is scooped out and scat
tered broadcast over the streets for the
purpose OF laying the dust.
High-Sounding Names.
The names which are given to the streets
of Chinese cities are generally very high
sounding Thus we have the street of
Golden Profits, the street of Benevoence
and Love, the street of Everlasting Love,
of Lon no Sfr of I'm
Hundred Grandsons, the street of One
Thousand Grandsons, the street of the
Saluting Dragon, the street Of Sweeping
Dragon the street of the Reposing Dragon,
the street of Refreshing BreeZes the street
OF One Thousand Beatitudes, the street of
ThouSandfold Peace, the street of Five
Happnesses, the street of Ten Thousand
Happlnesses, the street of Ninefold Bright
ness, the street of Accumulated Goodness.
Other streets are simply numbered, as LIST
street, I'd street, Sd street, and so on.
Human Labor shown.
The public works of China are probably
unequaled in any land or by any people for
the amount of human labor bestowed upon
them. The natural aspect of the country
has been materially changed by them and
it has been remarked that the great wall
is the only artificial structure which would
arrest attention in hasty survey of the
surface of the g.obe. But their usefulness,
ton. is far inferior to their extent The
gigantic great wall was probably popular
one in the main, and still remains as Its
own chief evidence of the energy, industry
and perseverance of its builders, as well
as their unwisdom and waste. Its con-
structon probably cost less than the usual
sums spent by European states for their
standing armies. 1t commences at Shen-
hai-wei. or Shanhai-kwan. a coast town OF
some importance and a place of consider
able trade. Lord Joce,yn describes the wall
when observed from the ships as scaling
the precipices and topping the craggy nils
of the country. which have along this
coast a most desolate appearance" 1t
runs along the shore for several miles and
terminates on the beach near long reef.
It's course from this point is west, little
northerly, along the old frontiers of the
province of Chill, then in Shansi. till 1t
strikes the Yellow river. This is the best
built part, and contains the most important
gates, where garrisons and trading marts
are established Within the province of
Chihli there are two walls. inclosing good
part of the basin of the Sangkan-Ho. west
of Pekin The inner one was built by an
emperor of the Ming dynasty. From the
point where it strikes the Yellow river,
near Pau-teh. it forms the northern bound
airy of Shensi till it touches that stream
again inclosing the country of the Ortous
Mongols. Its direction from this point is
northwest along the frontier Of Kansuh to
its termination near Kiayu kwan through
which the road passes leading to Hami.
The entire length of the great wall be-
tween its extremities is 2212 degrees of
latitude, or l,255 miles in a straight line;
but its turnings and doublings increase it
to fully 800 miles. 1t would stretch
from Philadelphia to Topeka. or from Por-
tugal to Naples on nearly the same de-
gree of latitude. The construction of this
gigantic work is somewhat adapted to the
nature of the country it crosses and the
material was taken made on the spot
where it was used. In the western part
of its course it is in some places merely
a mud or gravel wall, and in others earth
cased with brick.
Summer Belts and Ties.
From Harper's Bazaar.
Belts collars and neckties continually pre-
sent fresh novelties as the season advances,
and the woman who has wearied of her