davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1900-07-07

5 WOMEN As
5 ASTRONOMERS.
XXX FAIR STAR GAZERS WHO HAVE
Xxx BECOME FAMOUS.
BECOME FAMOUS.


I brother was remarkable and in no Snall
| degree contributed to his success
/ OF the women astronomers Scarpellini
/ of Italy, Nine Rumke of Germany, Car
oline Herschel of England and Maria
Mitchell of America may be classed as
the greatest. Scarpellini belonged to a
/ family whose members were eminent
in many lines of science. She organized
a meteorological station, edited bulle-
| tin, made the first catalogue of meteors
observed in Italy and made a study OF
| the influence Of the moon on. earth
quakes. She was an honorary member
of many societies of scholars and was
awarded a gold medal by the Italian
government in honor of her work A
statue to her memory adorns the
Campo Verano in Rome.
Maria Mitchell, who for about 20 years
held the professorship of astronomy at
Vassar, is too well known to require
more than passing mention.
If a congress of women professionally
interested in astronomy Were to be call
ed today, it might number about 100
The University of Harvard has con-
nected with its astronomical depart
ment about 10 women who are engaged
in making calculations. Mrs. w. P
Fleming is the most eminent of these
ladies. She was born in Dundee, Scot
land, and in 1879. after her marriage,
came to the United States and became
one of the computers at Harvard. She is
now in the department for the exam
nation of the Photographic plates taken
with the Draper telescope. She has
discovered number of variable stars
and confirmed the discovery of several
new stars.
DR.. Dorothea Klumpixe of San Fran
cisco is the head of the bureau for the
measurement of the plates of the astro-
Photographic catalogue at the Paris OBJ
Saturn recently obtained for her the
degree of doctor of mathematical sci
ence from the French university at
Sorbonne. Several young women as
sist Miss K1umpke in her work in the
little ivy grown tower in which she
makes her calculat lions. All alone, she
sometimes spends a night at the tele-
scope watching the course of the heav-
emily bodies.
Miss Mary W. Whitney the head of
the astronomical department of Vassar
college, is one of the most distinguished
of the women astronomers of America
She was the pupil as she is the sue
cessor, of Maria Mitchell. After grad
uating at Vassar Miss Whitney studied
at Cambridge, Mass, under Professor
Benjamin Pierce and at the University
of Zurich, Switzerland. In 1889 she be-
came the assistant at Vassar, and on
Miss MitcheIIs retirement succeeded
her.
After the regular scholastic duties of
the day are over Miss Whitney and her
assistants give their time to the OBJ
servation of the comets and minor plan
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1900-07-07

proper adjustment when it was believed
to be necessary that it should encircIe
baby's body tightly. The up to date
band is SO great an improvement upon
the unmanageabl BILE length of flannel
with which young mothers wrestled
years ago that there should be no ques-
ton about its use. Those of today are
knit or woven of wool or of silk and
wool and extend from the armpits
well down over the abdomen. They
are slipped on over the feet and are
made to hug the body closely without
binding in any way, They are elastic
and give with every breath baby draws.
Although we are apt to discredit dress
reform movements on general princi-
pies, through this medium often come
some valuable health hints. For in
stance. long petticoats for infants were
first denounced by dress reform moth
ers. Today they are discarded by all
who understand anything of the re-
quirements of comfortable dressing.
The flannel pinning blanket and wool
stockings keep the infant warm enough
below the body which is already in
cased in band and shirt. Over these
is needed nothing heavier than cotton
slip. When the temperature varies, a
light baby blanket or shawl wrapped
about the infant will supply sufficient
additional warmth.
Box coats are the accepted mode for
infants and are decidedly picturesque.
The long, loose lines are quite in keep
ing with the simple method employed
IN cutting children's clothes.
Girls in their first corsets are ignor-
ing the de Milo lines and instead are
affecting the Russian small waist. This
they obtain in a new way. After the
corset is fitted they put on a tiny belt,
which they buckle tightly over it and
This, according to one f1edgeling, de-
fines the line more clearly than does
the lacing of the corset in sections by
means of several strings. The corset,
aided by this viselike belt, naturally
sooner assumes the curves of the covet-
ed figure.
Parasols with half a dozen different
covers to harmonize with as many diff
ferent costumes are among the novel
ties. The parasol proper is of white or
some favorite shade of silk. The covers
are made of lace, chiffon or dotted null.
Lace ones are composed of the all over
variety or of many ruff1es. Those of
chiffon are plated, hand painted, tuck
ed or shirred. Null covers are plain,
with deep frill ribbon trimmed. In
shop parlance we speak of the petit
coated parasoI," which is a name well
suited to the new and fascinating sum-
mer sunshade.
The unsuccessful legislation regard
ing the length of hatpins has given
that needfu1 but somewhat formidable
adjunct a bit of prominence. Hatpins
are now manufactured on the lines of a
broadsword rather than on those Of
rapier. For the coarse straw summer
hats these are all right, but for the vel
vet chapeaux the inventive genius will
have to try again.
Fichus and Gainsborough hats go
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1900-07-07
THE CARE OF HAIRBRUsHEs.

There is really an art in the proper
washing of hairbrushes. The best
brushes may be ruined by careless
washing, and If the bristles are allow
ed to become soft a hairbrush becomes
practically useless for its intended pur-
poses. Many people cleanse hairbrush-
es by covering them with wheaton flour
and simply rubbing the bristles togeth-
er. This method, however, is not thor
oughly satisfactory. To keep your
brushes in good condition proceed in
the following manner: Have two shall
low dishes, one of moderately hot, the
other of cold water. To the first dish,
which contains, say, a quart of water,
add a dessertspoonfu1 of ammonia.
Now take your brushes. one by one.
and keep dipping the bristles up and
down in the water tbeing careful not to
wet the backs), and in a minute or two
the dirt and dust will come out of them
as if by magic, leaving them beautiful
ly white. Now dip up and down sew
eral times in the second dish, containing
the clear water, TO rinse them; shake
we'll and place to drain across a rack
or towel horse. No soap is needed and
no rubbing with the hands. If you
adopt this method of cleansing your
brushes, you will find that they will
last three times as long as if c1eansed
with soap and that the bristles will pre-
serve their stiffness.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1900-07-07

cts. The results are published in The
Astronomical Journal, Popular AstrOn-
omy. Astronomfsche and Nachrichten.
Just at present the Vassar staff is study
ing stellar photographs and expects
soon to publish the result of the inves-
LEGATION, which, photography forms
important part of modern astronom-
zeal work, will be of the utmost impor-
lance to science. This work is largely
done under Miss Whitney's direction by
Miss Caroline Furness, her assistant in
the Vassar observatory.
Connected with Wellesley are two
able women astronomers. One of these
is Miss Sarah F. Whiting, in charge of
the department relating to the new as
tro physics, who lectures to the gen.
eraI classes ON astronomy. Professor
Whiting conducts her astronomical in
struction as a department of applied
physics.
Professor Ellen Hayes has charge Of
the department of mathematical as
tronomy and has done much fine work
In the calculation OF the orbits of COM
cts. Professor Hayes and Professor
Whiting received their instruction as
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1900-07-07

Harpham is exceptionally slxillful in the
use of astronomical instruments and is
noted for mathematical accuracy. Her
time is devoted entirely to the mathe-
NAUTICAL phase of the work under the di-
rection of Professor J. K. Rees, who is
conducting the investigation in regard
to the variation of latitude, as well as
several other important astronomical
Investigations. Four women assist
Miss Harpham in the examination of
the photographs and the making Of
measurements from these.
Miss Mary Proctor, famous as writ
err and lecturer astronomy, is the
daughter of Sir Richard Proctor, one of
the greatest of English astronomers.
Miss Proctor now lives in New York.
Her knowledge of astronomy was OBJ
tanned from her father and her advice
is often sought by American astrono-
mers.
Mrs Mabel LOOMS Todd is the wife
OF Professor David Todd, head of the
astronomical department at Amherst
college and the author of several val
liable astronomical contributions. Mrs.
Todd acquired her knowledge of as
tronomy In the observatory of her ia
Their, Professor Loomis of Washington.
She has written book on the moon. A
Few years ago, when Professor Todd
went TO Japan at the head of a govern
ment expedition to observe an eclipse of
the sun, Mrs Todd accompanied him
and rendered valuable assistance. She
was shown the greatest honor by the
japanese government, who put a spe-
c1al yacht at her command and accord
ed her many unusual privileges to en-
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1900-07-07

cry few people are aware that
w among the observers of the recent
eclipse of the sun were at least a
dozen women who have attained dis
tinction N astronomy
These women are employed in ccnnec-
ton with the observatories of the great
colleges either as computers, photogra-
pliers of the heavens or as teachers.
All the large women's colleges are sup
piled with observatories with all the
latest appliances for the study of the
sky. sVassar, Smith, Wellesley, Swarth-
more, Bryn Mawr. Mount Holyoke and
Radcliffe have observatories, and Bar
nard, through the courtesy of the as
Economical department of Columbia, af-
fords women opportunities to study the
stars.
1t is a fallacy to assume that women
can never succeed in the exact sciences.
In this country alone many women are
making a great success of one of the
most exact of all the sciences-that of
astronomy, where the variation of a
millionth part in a computation or the
sTvervfng of a hairs breadth in the ad-
justment of a delicate instrument is a
matter of great import.
Speaking of women's work in astron-
omy, the average well informed person
is apt to refer to Caroline Herschel and
Maria Mitchell as the only women who
have achieved fame in the study of the
stars This is a mistake.
Long ago, when Egypt was writing
its history in stone. the records show
that women were initiated into the
study of astronomy by the priestly sa-
wants in whom all the wisdom of the
land was conferred. Berenice. after
whom a constellation was named and
who was the daughter of one of the
Ptolemies. is believed to have been an
astronomer of ability.
The beautiful and unfortunate Hypa-
tia was an observer of the stars; so
of Theodosius II. In modern times
achievements We're so we'll regarded
her an annual pension of $500.
St Hildegarde, the pious abbess of
the Convent of Mount St. Rupert, near
Bingen- ont e-Rhine. published as the
result of her Investigations a theory of
the solar system which antedated that
of Copernicus by three centuries.
The stories of the achievements of
Marie Cunitz, Nine. Elisabeth HeIve-
Illus, Marie Clara Muller, Marie Kirche
Theresa and Madeline Manfreti, the
beautiful and brilliant Marquise du
Chatelet, Nine. Lepaute, Elisabeth Won
Matt, Wilhelmina Bottcher, Minna
Wind and Catherine Scarpellini would
put to shame those of many modern
men of science. Caroline HerscheI, sis
ter of the great Sir William Hersche1,
was the discoverer of eight comets and
the publisher of seven catalogues of
stars and nehulse. Her devotion to her
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1900-07-07
LITERARY WOMEN.

It has been estimated that there are
in England some $40 women editors,
authors and journalists, and of these a
we'll known publisher has declared that
five have an income of $4,000 a year. In
journalism women have met with Inn
mense success; at least one lady jour-
nalist receives a salary of 9700 a year,
and there are not a few who have no
difficulty in making from eS00 to $500.
The last census in the United States
showed that there were no fewer than
1900 women engaged in literary, as
apart from journalistic, work.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1900-07-07

guests of professors at celebrated OBJ
servatories. Miss Whiting was first a
pupil of Professor Pickering of Har-
ward, who deserves the gratitude of all
women for the generous manner in
which he has assisted them in astro-
nomicaI work.
Wellesley is now having completed a
handsome observatory, the gift of Mrs.
John c. Whiting. one of the trustees of
the college Its architectural beauty is
as notable as the completeness of it's
scientific equipment.
Miss Elizabeth M. BardweI, for 80
years astronomical instructor at Mount
Holyoke college and one of the notable
women in her profession, died about
a year ago. She became a mem
Der of the Mount Holyoke faculty
in 1865, just a year after Maria
Mitchell joined the faculty at Vas
sar. She was a member of the
British Astronomical association and of
other learned societies and contributed
to the astronomical journals These
contributions were highly valued on ac-
count of their accuracy and charm of
style. A fellowship of $40. 900 in memory
of Miss BardWell is now open to sub
scriptions. The object of the scholar
ship is to provide for a years post
graduate course in the universities of
Europe. This will serve to further the
work OF women in astronomy and will
at the same time be beautiful memo
rial of a good and talented woman.
The advanced work of the astronom-
ical student at Barnard must be pur-
sued under the auspices of Columbia
university. which has one of the finest
observatories and one of the ablest
staffs of professors in the country
Five women are connected with the de-
partment. These are engaged in MAX
ing calculations in regard to astral pho
tographs Their results are most valu-
able. as two of the most important Of
modern astronomical Investigations are
being prosecuted by Columbia. One of
these is the determination of the north
and south poles by astronomical caIcu-
1ations and the other the fixing of the
variation of latitude. Miss Flora E.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1900-07-07

and gathered in perpendicular rows. AT
each end the net portion of the hounce,
which forms the drapery, is tightly
gathered up. and the falling border
neatly finished off, thus perfecting the
f1ounce Illusion. A short length of the
lace is then cut in half, horizontally,
the upper or net half arranged as an
arm drapery. The f1ounce half, headed
by rose leaves, falls round the other
arm, leaving the top visible, and at
this side of the bertha a spray of roses
with foliage is introduced, while the
other side is finished with a velvet bow
and paste buckle. The back of the
bertha resembles the front, minus the
velvet bow.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1900-07-07
A PAIR OF sEAsoNABLE NOVELTIES.

When fruit is served, nothing can be
more appropriate than for the plates in
which the dishes of berries are set to
be partially covered by a dolly on
which clusters of berries are embroider-
ed. The one shown in the sketch is en-
broidered with blackberries. For the
fruit shades of blue black silk shading
into deep blue should be used. The
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1900-07-07

together-that is, If you want to carry
out the beginning of the century style
that one sees so charmingly portrayed
in fancy portraits. The prettiest fichus
are those made of soft chiffon, finished
with fine plaftings drawn into v shape
at the waist and fastened in a bowknot.
To be au fat the Gainsborough's
broad brim- should correspond in color,
treatment and texture.
Talking of hats begets thoughts Of
real flowers as well as artificial ones.
If you want to keep your drawing room
ferns fresh for winter, give them a
summer outing. Plant them in a shady
corner of the yard, where the soft
breezes may invigorate them. They
need the holiday just as much as hui
man beings do. An excellent plan for
the housekeeper who g1ories in growing
centerpieces for her table is to have
two at once. 1t is economy in the end
Then one of them can always be in the
air, where it may be sprayed and care
fully nursed at the first signs of droop-
ing.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1900-07-07
5 I TIE cRaT FASHIONS THE c9Tf B
8 FOR y
5 TIM PEII!e9III BABY EI!AnEL 8LElsT B

AF ALL the elaborate exhibits in
[ J fashions continuous fair at the
moment none is more interesting
than that over which the stork presides
as patron saint. The wee persons ward
robe is positively gorgeous, and the
cost of it astonishes even the most ex-
fravagant. Every garment must be
handmade, of course, and the innulner-
able thread tucks, the countless inser-
lions of real lace and the hemstitched
or lace edged ruffies entail a tremen-
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1900-07-07

ed with founces or ruchings Of diaph-
anous material, much as that fabric Is
used this season Within, however, it
is quite a different story. The smart
est parasoIs are lined with bands of
ruching and rows of shirring, with
dainty, gathered piece of lace where the
stick passes through the shade. This
stick is nearly always handsomely
carved and jeweled. One stick serves
for many parasols, for a handsome one
is too costly to be lightly thrown away.
The frames of this years parasols are
moderately curved and of medium size.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1900-07-07

The lace bertha, which has been illus
trated for the benefit of those DESTROYS
of retrimming evening bodice, is
made from deep lace f1ouncing, tucked
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1900-07-07

BERRY EMBROIDERED DOLLY.
usual foliage green tints are needed for
the leaves and stems. The darker part
of the berry will, of course, be that In
the shadow. the blush tints of silk be-
ing put on where the light strikes It.
The veinings are in lighter silk.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1900-07-07
THREE WOMEN ASTRONOMERS

able her to study the Amos, the aborig-
inal inhabitants of the country, about
whom she has since published charm
ing book. ALICE DE BERDT.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1900-07-07

A PARAsoL IN BLACK AND WHITE
The insides of the new parasols are an
ornate as the outsides were season or
so ago. The covers. while corded and
striped embroidered and appliqued
outside. are not to any extent ornaments
Corvallis gazette. [volume] (Corvallis, Benton County, Or.) 1900-1909, 1900-08-17
Mistaken Identity.

Somebody is minus a pet coon.
Last Wednesday night AL Kemp
heard a great stir among his chick
ems, and believing thieves were rob-
bing his hen roost, he quickly
dressed and made for the intruder.
But no thief could be found, al
though the chickens kept up a
frightened squaking. Mr.. Kemp
heard rustling in a box and believ-
ing the miscreant might be a cat,
shouted "ScatP' But this had no
effect, and he reached into the box
and felt the fur of an animal.
Quickly seizing it, he dragged it out
biting and scratching. 1t looked
like a skunk, and Mr.. Kemp
dropped it SO hard that he broke
every bone in its body. A light
was sent for and investigation dis
closed that, instead of a skunk, a
coon with collar around its neck
lay cold in death on the hen house
floor. That's why we say some
body is minus pet coon.
Corvallis gazette. [volume] (Corvallis, Benton County, Or.) 1900-1909, 1900-08-17
County Court.

On account OF other matters, a
report of the business of the
county court, which convened
last week, has heretofore been
crowded out. The following
business was transacted:
c D Abbott, for certain rea-
SONS, petitioned for exemption
from taxation on his feed stable.
The matter was continued.
The bill OF James Dunn, for
grading done on state road in
district No. 4, was continued
until next term.
The contest over the James
Norton road was continued un-
til next term, by the consent OF
all parties. Contract for repair
ing Frantz bridge, in Kings
Valley, and building one a
couple of miles above this one,
was awarded to H M Stone. The
aggregate cost to be $50.
Bill of Franklin Bros. for ST.
50, was continued.
Bill of J 7 Mayberry for cleo
ton claim, rejected.
The committee in charge OF
county exhibit at state fair, hay
ing petitioned the court for dona-
ton of $50, were granted 500,
with the understanding that in
case premiums were received the
amount should go to the county.
The matter of the Mu1key-
Dickson road was postponed TIL
til one. p m. September S, pend
ing the action of Philomath city
council.
Bond of County Superintend-
ent Den1nan was approved. The
amount is 81, 900 and o V Hurt,
B w johnson and James Den
man are sureties.
Petitions of citizens for the
purchase of a gravel loader was
continued.
Petitions for aid on Alsea road
to Monroe, the Wyatt road, and
road over Oliver mountain, con-
tinued.
Contract for building three
small bridges near Summit was
awarded S II Peterson at 500.
H. M. Stone was allowed
more time for completion of the
draw. bridge near Monroe.
Corvallis gazette. [volume] (Corvallis, Benton County, Or.) 1900-1909, 1900-08-17
Lake in France.

Professor E. r. Lake is now in
France, upon the work of investi-
cation of prune problems to which
he was appointed by the United
States Department of Agriculture
says the Oregon Argiculturist. He
cannot, of course, say anything as
to his work in that line, but in a
note just received from him, al
Paris, he says:
''This morning, July 26, at s
o'clock, [ attended the market
place and witnessed the sale Of
homegrown peaches and grapes
and here is an example of how
they sold: IS peaches Of good color,
p inches in diameter sold for Y
francs, or about $15. No peaches
sold for less than 80 cents apiece
Grapes in large clusters, weighing
probably three or four pounds, sold
for II to Is francs, or about sc
cents per pound"