Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1900-03-23

The rest of the 20 or more islands are
devoted to sheep and cattle ranches their
few inhabitants being included in the sew
eral islands above specified Through the
centre of the larger islands are mountain
Gus elevations which run parallel TO the
general trend of the islands-from south
east to northwest. Hawaii, larger Il an all
the others, lies at the southeast end of the
group, and is the home of the active volca-
no, Mauna Loa, ,67j feet in height-the
recent lava flows have been in 1850, '55. 80.
and 0S. 81. Directly north of this most in
terestlng specimen of subterrestrial and
mld-ocean fireworks stands Mauua Kea.
Is, 500 feet high, a sleeping monarch of the
! prehistoric age.
These two colossi, with their immediate
environment embrace one-half of the sur
face of the island, In fact, there is only a
| fringe of land bordering on the ocean
around the whole extent of the shore line
that is subservient 20 the manipulations of
man. Although the other islands are of
volcanic origin there are no other inaccessi-
BILE mountains, except one on Maui which
Is 10000 feet above the surrounding ocean.
In classifying the utility of the lands on
the several islands, beginning at the shore
line, moiety is adapted to sugar culture
up to the altitude of 1900 feet: but as the
whole surface is indented with ravines and
dehles not easily traverssd the sugar plan
tatons are detached and irregular in APP
pearance.
The low, marshy lands at the bottom of
the ravines are highly priced for the cultiva-
tion of rice and a vegetable called taro.
which is a crop between yam and a sweet
potato. Above the sugar zone are the to-
bacco lands. At an elevation of 5000 to
1000 feet the land is suitable for growing
coffee, provided there be a sufficient growth
of trees to furnish shade for the Young
coffee shrubs, which is imperative in Ha-
waian climate.
Higher up than the coffee belt, which is
extensive on the larger islands, the land is
devoted to the pasturage of cattle, where
thousands of middling class of animals
are reared to maturity. All of the soil is
decomposed lava, scoria and ashes thrown
from the ancient and extinct volcanoes.
The prevailing winds are from the north
east, and as they blow at right angle to
the mountain ranges, it follows that the
northeast side of the islands receive plenty
OF rain, while on the opposite, or south
western side, the tropical vegetation with
ers for want of the precious moisture.
When the treaty of reciprocation was
finally contaminated, in January 1875 be-
tween the United Statesand King Kalakua,
which gave the Hawaiians a free market
for their productions, the state of excite
ment was greater with the intelligent por-
ton of the island people than all the fire.
works of the mountains or earthquakes had
given them for a hundred years. There
were a few-sharp Americans and English
residents-who possessed perceptive in.
PROVISION to realize what that treaty meant.
The total population of all the islands in
1872 was SO, SO7, the foreigners numbering
1886.
King Kalakua's ascension to the throne
in 1874 marks the beginning of the down
fall of native rule in Hawaii. His charac-
ter showed a complete retrogression to
the brutal and savage instincts of the
Polynesian race of the 18th century. The
foreign element forced a new and more lib
eral constitution on the king in 1887. Then
he went on a voyage around the world and
the American quota increased in evidence
while the king was absent On his return
his habits growing more intense in bestial-
ity, he was sent to San Francisco to sober
off, and died at the Palace Hotel Jan 90.
1891.
Meanwhile the beneficent effect of the
reciprocity treaty with the United States
was realized in the increase of the agricul-
tural production of the islands. 1t had
become manifest to the discerning Ameri-
cans from their advent on the islands that
the native inhabitants would be of no prac-
tical account in the development of the re-
sources of the rich lands of their OCEAN,
bound domain. At great expense some
5000 Portuguese Of both sexes had been
imported to work in the cane fields ON a
contract for three years. They were fur
nished houses on the plantations, allowed
sufficient ground for raising vegetables
and were paid from $l2 to $40 per month
This mode of obtaining help seeming too