davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Savannah morning news., 1900-06-10
DANIEL HOGAN.
The Broughton and Barnard SITS.

the known rate OF motion of the shadow
over The earths surface we may know
the length of time the bands will be seen
before and after totally. A rough cal
culation of the recent eclipse would show
this limit Of time 10 have been about
niHe ccnds. or course, the more
oblique crossings occur throughout the
entire penumbra, could we but dlstin-
grish them.
one point remains TO touch upon. Are
the resulting shadow patterns Ga more
suitable term than bands for the ripple
appearance) made up OF alterations Of
lighter and darker markings, or does the
rapidly increasing darkness towards the
umbra so affect the pattern that each sue
cessive shade as we approach the center
is absolutely a trifle darker, In which
case the appearance of increasing light
ening Of certain Of the nipples inside Of
darker markings could be due 10 physIolo-
gical contrast, each shade seeming to grow
lighter rs It approached to juxiapcsllon
with yet darker marking. Only photo
graphy could settle this point to my salts
faction.
In concluding let me express my indebt-
edness 10 Professor UpdeGfan for the in
terest he took. In my quite insignificant
mo-. Q important and de late matters ella m
ed his utmost attention, every detail OF
which he evidently saw carried out with
the utmost perfection to Capt. Gillette for
the very valuable contribution made use
OF In the beginning of this paper:. to Mas
ter Conrad Aiken whose unprecedented OBJ
servations corroberated my own, and
whose services as orderly lightenea NV
work: and lastly because most not able, 10
The Savannah morning news., 1900-06-10

of many Observers are thus fully ac-
counted for.
1t Is unfortunate that the camera offers
50 little hope of verifying the facts elu-
cidated above A single coed plate with
tracinSs CT suffici mt density without fog,
and taken with a sufficiently short eX-
posture to avoid dragging" would be OF
the utmost value in determining by actual
measurement the truth cf the foregoing
theory. Il Is possible, however. by calcu-
lating the dimensions and lines of motion
OF such images as | have described to
equip observers a different points with
exact data computed for each ones pre-
C SO locat on at the ext eclipse observed,
which data will readily admit of confirm
alton or dlsproval by ocular evidence.
IL is to be hoped that this will be done
Instead of attempting TO photograph the
bands with camera. | would suggest
that they can readily be made 10 record
themselves upon long sensitized film me-
chanicaly caused to pass al a uniform rate
OF speed behind a narrow slot In a light
tight roll-holder. Such contrivanOe
could be set up with the slot In the long
axis of the bands os compu'cd for each
observation station, two positions being
necessary for stations not on the central
line OF the eclipse to correspond with the
different position of the tangens on the
umbral circles az the points CORES spending
to second and third contacts.
1t Is possible, by simple proportion be-
tween the moons diameter and the eX~
tremc estimated hight of the lunar peaks,
20 ind the greatest possible width OF the
belt OF displacement of the solar images
bordering tile umbra. Then by applying
to this S0mputed width Of the band area
The Savannah morning news., 1900-06-10
SHADOW BANDS AND
THEIR CAUSES.
by WILLIAM #. AIKEN, NJ. ID.

At the invitation of Prof. Otis Ashmore
taB writer undertook the almost
htpeless task of obtaining pho
tyyraphs of the so-called shadow-bands
d ring the recent total eclipse of the sun.
The work was undertaken under the skill
% supervision OF Prof. Ashmore at the
UFited States Naval Observatory station
al GAINESVILLE. experimental by Prof.
NJ. Updegraff. a gentleman whose scien-
tisc zeal is matched by a charming court
ear.
While awaiting the quite problematicaI
oiFcome of the development of the photo
gIPphic plates, the writer has arrived at
ct5tain conclusions relative TO the prob
alfe nature of the shadow-bsnds, based
uItsn ocular observations made while pho
tosraphing them, which conclusions were.
in a crude way, laid before the Savan-
nfA Camera Club May 30 last but which
arr herewith published for the first time
Dying TO the unavoidable haste in which
this article is prepared, it assumes 10 be
nothing mofe pretentious than a preim-
mary report. 1t is to be hoped. however.
that il may contain certain pregnant
truths that will in good part elucidate
the seeming mystery hitherto shrouding
a curious phenomenon attending the
manifold wonders of a total eclipse of the
sun.
The bands in question were very appar-
ent both Immediately before and after
the total phase of the eclipse. They were
caught upon a white canvas screen at
tached to che frame serving as a wind
break about the structure supporting the
objective. or east ern, end Of the great
forty-foot photo-heliograph The base
line of the screen ran exactly north and
south; il faced 90 the east and slightly
upward. inasmuch as the frame inclined
toward the west at the top at an agile of
about Is degrees AT its base, extending
over the ground toward the east. was
attached wide stretch Of sheeting, re-
The Savannah morning news., 1900-06-10

are exactly as long as the dis
tanee across the penumbra from its peri
phery to the periphery Of the umbra Re
membering that the margin of the penum-
bra represents the place where the ''first
contact" or beginning of eclipse takes
place, and the border of the umbra shows
where the second contact" or begin
ming. OF totality occurs, we see that che
intervening distance between these two
boundaries must be the exact parallax
OF the suns diameter as projected over
any point on the moons apparent circum-
ference Hence. the zen equal circles in
scribed in the penumbra in Figure rep-
resent accurately ten different projections
of the sums disc through as many points
on the periphery of the moon. Further
more. the centers from which these cir
Giles are described Will themselves fail in
the do%ted circle representing the circum-
ference OF the moon.
Now these ten circles are assuredlv
not shadows, for their size Is proportional
10 that of the luminous sun and not the
shadow casting moon. Neither can they
be patches of bright SUBS shine for they
extend in quite 10 the margin OF the UNI
bra. where we know II Is very dark in
deed. No; they are for the present to
be considered as ideal figures that serve
only TO indicate the position of ideal pro-
jections Of the suns outline through as
many points of the moons circumference
as are represented by the several cen
ters of the said circles.
Suppose now we could ahix to the edge
of the moon at some point a photographic
leps whose focal length would reach to
The earIhs surface. Such a lens
would cast upon the ground an
image OF the suns disc, and that
image would correspond exactly in point
OF size and Of position within the penum-
bra with such circles as we have repre-
scented in Fig. 2, The image cast by the
lens we have imagined would be very fee
bic unless we made the lens monstrously
large-perhaps several miles in damter
Even IN that event the picture would be
Ear too faint to be seen in anything like
the brightness Of full daylight But quite
close In by the umbra, where the darkness
is almost that OF totally itself, we might
/ expect to see the innermost edge of the
/ picture Of the sun showing feebly as a
! creseentlc bard OF lighter hue than the
surrcu' d'rg gloom and presenting its
cynveA.ty 10 toe border OF the umbral cir
Gle OF darkness.
But Is such lens merely a Pigment Of
The Savannah morning news., 1900-06-10

like Joshua of old do our work with a
sun standing still-the moon also in this
case-and thus secure an opportunity TO
Study these stripes so closely drawn about
the big black center. In o. her words, lei
US imagine the progress of an eclipse Of
the sun halted on some great plain while
we go about at our leisure examining the
edge of the unbra for any suspicious
streaks
Figure ] represents such a plain con-
ceived as perpendicular TO the suns rays
the sun being in the zenith, for the very
apparent advantage of having both umbra
and penumbrs bounded by circles Instead
of the ellioses, that result when these
shadows fan ooiiquely on the earth's sur
face, In the figure the relative size OF
the central circle, representing Ahe umbra
In proportion TO the outer circle or limit OF
the penumbra, is very greatly exagger-
ated for the sake or convenience. 1t VIII
be noted that ehe central um5ra is left
blank, while the broad ring of penumDra
is occupied by a series of circles, each Of
which extends outward to the edge OF the
penumbra and at the center Of the fig
ure sweeps about and encloses the umbr1.
which 1t just touches with its inner or
concave side. Not quite quarter of the
distance between the respective boundl
ries of umbra and penumbra is a circular
dotted line. on which lie the several Cen>
'ers from which the many overlapping
circles WITHIN the PehufnbrH were Drawn.
This dotted circle represents the apparent
size of the sun high above che moon IN
the zenith. and the overlapping circles are
shadows of the moon, each cast by that
point Of light on the circumference of the
sun. which, in our diagram, serves as It's
center. In other words: Whereas. every
point Of light on the suns surface casts
separate shadow or projection of the
moon on the space within the outer limit
of the Denumbra of all these projections.
we are now studying only those projected
from points on ehe circumference
of the sun, and of the infinite
number of these only the few we
have represented in the figure. What is
sufficient to dwell upon here is the fact
that all these circular outlines are pro-
jections of the moon thrown from an equal
The Savannah morning news., 1900-06-10
VALENCIENNES LACES
At REDUCED PRICES.

We place on sale at the Lace Counters
to-day some new French Vaienciennes
Laces al prices exceedingly low. This
sac offers an opportunity to purchase
great saving.
The Savannah morning news., 1900-06-10

1 the Imagination, or may we find some
/ way in which this Identical effect can be
/ naturally produced? that Is the question.
| If any one care to take the trouble TO
| cut a deep. narrow, Y-shaped notch in
/ the m dAz Of the long sid of an old pos
! tal-card he VIII have constructed such a
| lens as nature has set up for us on the
moon. Make the notch is-inch wide at The
e1ge of the card, vi clean-cut straight
sides meeting at sharp angle 7t-fnch to
an inch back from the edge. In a room
entirely dark save for single bright gas
light OF good size. hold the postal-card
wi IA the noiched edge uppeumost about
IS inches in front of the fiat of the fame
50 as to let the light fall across the
rotchtd edge and through the notch onto
ano, her card held about IS inches away
from the first card, when an
inverted image Of the haring irregular TOP
OF the flame win stream downward aero
the shadow cast by Tic notched caid. The
narrow pointed extremity OF the V &C s
as does a pinhole throwing an iave-t
image of a luminous objecL uIon any
screen held opposite In the probable abb
sence OF anything like our terrestrial at
mosphere upon The moon, We may expect
to obtain precisely such results from he
gaps yawning between the steep ard rug
ged lunar peaks. Here. then, is cur lens
now about the pictures it turns GU.
Turning back 10 Fig. ?, we recall the
fact that any projection of the suns image
must assume the form and position Of
circle similar TO the ten We found group
In the penumbral space and extending IN
just TO the circumference CT the uulbFa.
Here we may expect TO find cur fdr-of
monster lens Of frozen adamant at work
making sun-pictures. AS before stated
so feeble are these mysterious tracirgs
that only those crescent-like inn ges
lurking closest 10 the protecting shadow
Of the umbra can succeed in catching cur
attent don; nevertheless we know that the
entire penumbra is filled with these sun
images for they are betrayed by me
ghostIy rlpples produced by their irner
edges that sweep over our screen in count-
less numbers in those swift solemn SEC
onds that are a fitting prelude and fna
to the weird splendor of the solar col ona.
Little more requires saying: Fig
shows at p asnumber of the inner convex
margins of these sun-pictures purD-s ly
elongated out of all proportion to what
is really visible in order 10 make
plain the increasing obliquity of
their crossings the nearer the uWb.
is approached. To this obliquily, and ike
wise to the slight irreguiarity in the brill
fancy and contour of the images due to
The depth and shape of the generating
mountain gaps and their distance apart
on the lunar surface, is attributable the
ripDle-ke appearance of the shadow
bands In the same figure above at A are
illustrated a series of interlacing arcs cor
responding to the circles of lunar contour
shown In Fig. ], and which may very
possibly, also enter into the complex
formation of the bands. We have only to
imagine slight inequality In their shape
The Savannah morning news., 1900-06-10

The Gorrie Ice Company.
The Knlckerbocker Ice Company.
Mr.. A.. w. Morehouse, baking powder
Mr.. John screven one bag of rice.
The Kings Daughters. Speak No
Evil Circle" (Brunswick). quantity of
grist.
Miss Dolly Kennedy. sugar.
Mr.. Thorpe, a machine.
Messrs. Rhodes g. Walker, two iron
beds.
Messrs. Lindsay e. Morgan, one bed,
four hnmmocks.
The annual subscribers TO the home
during the week were: Mrs. John Ham
mond Mrs. Eldridge Slmkins, Mrs Clar-
ence King and Mr.. Simeon Theus.
The home will begin IT'S second week
OF outings for the season tomorrow. Last
week was the opening week. and sixteen
children were taken down to the island on
the opening day
The Savannah morning news., 1900-06-10

and distribution, such as might readily be
conceived as originating in irregularities
in the spherical contour OF the sun-for
instance, the effect of solar promnences,
such as were seen by many observers at
the recent eclipse, and so accurately por-
trayed by Prof. Ashmore on his beautitul,
and in my humble estimation, UNIQUELY
perfect drawing of the corona-and such
inequality, by disturbing that perfect even
| ness of blending of the infinite number OF
overlapping circles needful to produce a
uniform graduation Of shading from with
out inwards would result in noticeable
striation adding itself to the complex of
sun images constituting the shadow
bands.
Fig is an attempted perspective rep
resentation of the way the sun images are
projected through a lunar mountain gap.
Here again the crescent-shaped reversed
image OF the suns equator is wrongly de-
picted being tremendously elongated and
too concave. The true shape should
be thin and short segment
included between sharply out
lined arc tangent at its middle
point 40 the umbral circumference or
nearly so. and a vaguely shown or entire
~ evanescent chord losing itself in the
shadows The preceding statements that
these segments are all tangent to the mar
gin OF the umbra are broadly true rather
than perfectly accurate. In reality the
exact location of each crescentic outlino
viii be nearer or farther from the umbra
in proportion to the relative depression or
altitude OF the bottom of each lunar
chasm below, or above the mean level of
the moons surface. Were the crescentlc
sun-images, all uniformly tangent to the
umbra we would get a blended circle OF
brighter hue Immediately about the UNI
bra, showing only such slight Irregular
ties of shade as the unequal distances be-
tween the lunar notches would produce
As a matter Of fact some of these cres-
cents must fall at a considerable distance
from the umbra. l had ocular proof OF
this in the fact, that twice at considerable
intervals OF time before the first bands
appeared, that were Enthusiastically notice
able | seemed 90 observe faint wavee.s
Which crossed the screen in the precise
direction taken by the subsequent ones a
Clirsction ! had no means OF surprising
would be the actual one, To be sure these
may have been the elongated ends OF
crescents tangent to the umbra nj points
pa ssing on either side Of our station, but
the considerable altitude of the lunar
mountains warrants the belief that some
crescents may fall quite wide of the UNI
bra,
Furthermore. It Is possible that even the
unseen circles IN every part of the penum-
bra may produce some effect OF the pen
umbrnl light, accounting for its notably
peculiar quality
A moments consideration OF the ar
angen, MT - the sun-images around the
umbral circle will disclose the fact that
the apparent arrangement OF the shadow
patterns and their $ emins Inc Of motion
will be determined by the location Of the
observer 81 her in the path OF the center
OF toia.ity. or at some point more or less
near to the path OF the extreme lateral
limit Of the umbra. The varying reports
The Savannah morning news., 1900-06-10


THROUGH ETC
with
and Washin gton
and 81 DAILY THE
a and o the Sky
o ates sched
n stem att
c. p T. A.
Ia -O"P"oHes' jew
RANDALL CLIFTON District Bun street
The Savannah morning news., 1900-06-10
FOR T HE
FOR THE
Graduation @ +
8 Exercises.

WHITE GOODS
on EVERY DESCRIPTION.
Now is the time when these goods should
be in full bloom. The demand is the
greatest because graduating exercises and
commandments are shortly to begin. If
you have anything TO buy in this line our
prices ought to quicken your purchase.
36-inch Linen Lawns, 35c.
36-inch Sheer Linen Lawn 45c.
3S-inch Linen Cambria 75c.
46-inch French Nainsook, 25c; usual price
IS cents.
46-inch Ratiste Null, 39c.
46-inch Persian Lawn, 49c; usual price,
&C
White India Linons, 1oc; usual price,
J2ll9".
White India Linors, Pic; usual p:ice
loo.
White India Linons. 15c; usual price zoe.
White India Linons, zoe; usual price, 25c.
The Savannah morning news., 1900-06-10

Professor Ashmore to whose persuasion
owe the fact that ! saw the eclipse at all :;
who procured my assignment TO the OBJ
servation of these shadow phenomena ana
to whose enthusiasm and advice | ow
that sense OF encouragement without
which this paper had not been attempted.
Savannah, Ga, June 3. 1900
The Savannah morning news., 1900-06-10
SPECIAL SALE OF
MUSLIN UNDERWEAR.

Here are prices and values in Muslin
Underwear characteristic of our Under
wear Department Every garment offered
is wothy of your especial attention. The
The Savannah morning news., 1900-06-10

Wien you need medicine you should get
the best that money can buy, and ex-
perisnce proves this to he Hnod's sarsa-
pai illa.--ad
The Savannah morning news., 1900-06-10
FURNISHINGS
AND TOILET GOODS.

None cheaper anywhere and only .the
best goods here. We sell the dependable
kind, and our prices are as low as any
one.
The Savannah morning news., 1900-06-10
FoR THE FRESH AIR HOME.
Contributions md Annual subscrIp-
lions to the Charity.

The ladies in charge of the Fresh Air
Home at Tybee acknowledge the follow
Ing contributions during the last week:
Hot Springs weekly star. (Hot Springs, S.D.) 1892-1917, 1900-09-28
Tho Bravery ofa Wonsa.

Tho Bravery ofa woman.
Was sEandly shown By Mn. John
Bowling Of Butlse, Pa, In : three -
eeruegas with . malignant stomach
trouble that caussddstressint as&aoh.
OF nausea and indigestion. An rama.
dee JAILED 70 relieve her until she triad;
Electric Bittsrs. Altar takine Il tvo
months, che wrote: II en- now vhollv
cured and can ct anything. Il q
trusly . grand tonic Tor The vhoie
system sasl gained In weight and nj
much stronger since using IT, II; aids
diesseton, cures dyspepsia, Improves
eppssttes gives new LIE. Only 500.
Guaranteed, at Emil Hsresns drug
store.
Hot Springs weekly star. (Hot Springs, S.D.) 1892-1917, 1900-09-28
Endured DEATHS Aeoni.,

EhduFed Deaths AeOuies.
Only . roaring FIRE enabled J. N.
Garrettson. Of San Antonio, Tex, 70 IL
down whom attacked By asthma. from
which he suffered for years. He vritaa
his misery was 90 great that Il seened
be endured the asonies Of death; but
Dr.. Kings New Discovery for Con.
sumption wholly cured him. This mar.
velous medicine is the only known
cure for asthmaa a. we'll as consumption
coughs and colds, and all throat. chest
and lung troubles. Price 5Oceud 500.
Guaranteed. Trial bottles free e
Emil Hargens Drug store.
Hot Springs weekly star. (Hot Springs, S.D.) 1892-1917, 1900-09-28
Belgian Hares.

We are headquarters for Belgian.
dares In the Northwest and We Wsnt
some one In every town to make money
by breeding hares on their own y
on commission.
Send 6 cents for breeders booklet
and particulars and start in the bust
ness now II you want to make money.
CALIFORNIA BELGIAN Hare Go.
go Wsbasha ST., Sc Paul, Mimi.
Hot Springs weekly star. (Hot Springs, S.D.) 1892-1917, 1900-09-28
SCHOOL NOTES.

Niss Whistler has three new enroll.
msnts this week. They ere. -Mollis
Pool, Myrtle Pool and Grace Helm.
Rain Monday caused . great many
sbssntess. Rain In this country b 20
rare they don't know hox 20 take Il.
The second year Latin Glass ass hav.
ing their struggles with the oonjuga-
lions. This Is familiar 70 ill Latin
students.
This is the last week Of the first
month Of the school year and Therefore
the teachers arc busy making ont 10.
port cards.
Miss Allen has In her room Q num-
Dor Of bottles Of seeds-whsat seeds,
corn seeds aud even hay seeds. These
are for nature study.
The Senior Glass or the GLASS Of 1901
elected Officers last Friday afternoon.
They elected for President Evelyn
Coleman, Vice President Kitty Osmoth-
erly, Secretary Frederic J. Watts,
Treasurer Clifford A. Wilson.
In No. I there is . picture Of Ursa
Major or tho big dipper, on the board
about which the little folks have
learned q few verses. This will ac.
quaint them with astronomy somewhat
and when they are seniors in the High
School will be able to sec this con-
s~tsllation without going to Battle
Mountain on q night whom the moon
rises at 8 o. m.
The Literary program of last Friday
was exceptionally good one and there
being q good attendance In the High
School this year q great many good
programs are expected. The election
Of officers after the program resulted
as follows, President, Harry NJ. Hedge;
Vice President May Cleveland; Score.
tary, Leo Dornan; Treasurer, Kitty
OsMotherly; Marshall, VIM. Riordau:
Chorister, Ella Kirtley; Critic, Prof.
Chas. s. Cobb.