davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Banner-Democrat. [volume] (Lake Providence, East Carroll Parish, La.) 1892-current, 1900-08-04

Auburn, N. Y, churches have united
to war on the treating habit.
The Banner-Democrat. [volume] (Lake Providence, East Carroll Parish, La.) 1892-current, 1900-08-04

Among tho richest and andsomest mantels
and fireplaces now manufactured are those
Of petriied Arizona wood, veined and color
ed like Sienna marble and as highly polished.
The Banner-Democrat. [volume] (Lake Providence, East Carroll Parish, La.) 1892-current, 1900-08-04

Have you ever experienced the joyful SEN
sation OF a good appetite2 You will IL you
chew Adams Pepsin Tutti Frutti
The Banner-Democrat. [volume] (Lake Providence, East Carroll Parish, La.) 1892-current, 1900-08-04

To Cure o Cold In One Day.
Take LAXATIVE BRoMo QuININE TABLErs All
druggists refund the money II IL fails 10 cure.
z. W. GROVES signature is on each box. zoc.
The Banner-Democrat. [volume] (Lake Providence, East Carroll Parish, La.) 1892-current, 1900-08-04

Large ocean going vessels can go up the st.
Lawrence river as far as Montreal LOCO miles
from the Atlantic ocean.
The Banner-Democrat. [volume] (Lake Providence, East Carroll Parish, La.) 1892-current, 1900-08-04
In
} THE PHILIPPINES.
Ambuscades Have Cost Americans
More Relatively Than Regu-
lar Warfare.

John T. McCutcheon, the Manila
correspondent of the Chicago Record,
writes as follows in regard to the
progress of the war in the Philip
The Banner-Democrat. [volume] (Lake Providence, East Carroll Parish, La.) 1892-current, 1900-08-04
Tha TvpewrIter Invention.

In ia not until we have passed through the
furnace that we are made to know how much
fross there Ia in our CONF position,
The Banner-Democrat. [volume] (Lake Providence, East Carroll Parish, La.) 1892-current, 1900-08-04

SIX. Coburn, Mgr. Claire Scott, writes: u
find Halls Catarrh Cure a valuable remedy
Druggist sell it. 75c.
The Banner-Democrat. [volume] (Lake Providence, East Carroll Parish, La.) 1892-current, 1900-08-04

A statistician has proved that the invention
of the typewriter has given employment to
SOC, 900 people, but he fails TO state how many
cases OF weak stomacbs and dyspepsia IL has
induced. All people Of sedentary occupation.
need Hostetter's Stomach Bitters. 1t helps
nature 10 bear the strain which ensues from
confinement and it is a wonderful medicine.
No one realizes this more keenly than the
man or woman who has been cured OF stom-
ach trouble by fits use.
The Banner-Democrat. [volume] (Lake Providence, East Carroll Parish, La.) 1892-current, 1900-08-04
Gold Medal Prize Treat

The Science Of Life, or Self-Preservation,
S65 pages. with engravings, Is cts, paper
cover; cloth, full gilt, 81, by mail. A book
for every man, young, middle-aged or old.
A million copies sold. Address the Peabody
Medical Institute, No. 4 Bulflnch ST., Bos-
ton, Mass. the oldest and best institute in
America. Prospectus Wade Mecum free.
Six cts for postage. Write today for these
books. They are the keys to health, vigor,
success and happiness.
The Banner-Democrat. [volume] (Lake Providence, East Carroll Parish, La.) 1892-current, 1900-08-04
Cooper Unioa.

Cooper union, in New York city, had
A revenue last year OF $58,4Ss.7S. Its
expenditures were $59.0s7.O9.
The Banner-Democrat. [volume] (Lake Providence, East Carroll Parish, La.) 1892-current, 1900-08-04

Sweat and fruit acids will not discolor
goods dyed with PUTNAM FADELKss DYES.
Bold by all druggists.
The Banner-Democrat. [volume] (Lake Providence, East Carroll Parish, La.) 1892-current, 1900-08-04
AGENTS WANTED

For Grams Magnificent Twentieth Century
Map OF United States and World. Largest
and most beautiful Map publication ever
printed on one sheet. 1t shows all tho recent
changes. Price low. Exclusive territory. BIG
PROFIT TO SALEsNEN. Also the finest line OF
beautiful, quick selling CHARTS, STATE MAPS
and FAMILY BIBLES ever issued. Write for terms
and circulars showing what our salesmen are
doing HuDGrss PTrRTIsH ING Co. Atlanta. Ga.
The Banner-Democrat. [volume] (Lake Providence, East Carroll Parish, La.) 1892-current, 1900-08-04

Over IS, 100000 of Mrs. Hetty Green's enor-
nous fortune is invested within hundred
Of New York's city hall.
The Banner-Democrat. [volume] (Lake Providence, East Carroll Parish, La.) 1892-current, 1900-08-04

yohnny (entering parlor)-Oh, It's
xnu "a It? Why, thought- Mr..
soft,eigh-You thought what, Johnny!
Johnny-I thought it was one of them
ssIlers from South Africa. Mr.. Soft
le,rh-what made you think that, my
I,tt,a man? Johnny-Why. sis said
.hs vas going to try and get rid Of a
poer tonight. And Mr.. Softleigh
trekked soon after.
Some men can't find words for their
thoughts and some women cant hnd thoughts
The Banner-Democrat. [volume] (Lake Providence, East Carroll Parish, La.) 1892-current, 1900-08-04

The Best Prescription for Chil1s
and Fever 10 q bottle Of GROVES TAsTBLEes
CHILL TONIC. It is simply iron and Quinine In
a tasteless form. No cure-no pay. Price 900.
The Banner-Democrat. [volume] (Lake Providence, East Carroll Parish, La.) 1892-current, 1900-08-04

Jobn w. Gates sailed for Europe the other
dav which is a reminder of how times have
changed Tive ty-five years ago he would
have gone to Canada.
The Banner-Democrat. [volume] (Lake Providence, East Carroll Parish, La.) 1892-current, 1900-08-04
SUMMER RESORTS.
FOR HEALTH, REST AND PLEASURE

NOTEDfor the number Of Springs, ard the Vari
FAMOUS for Wonderful cures Of Chronic som
sch. Bowel. LIVER, Kidney. Skin and Mslarial
troubles. Beautiful Buildings and Grounds, Splen-
did Fare, Low Prices Hot Sulphur Baths equal to
Hot Springs, Ark, for Rheumatism and Kindred
diseases. Address Lauderdale SPRINGS, Lander
dale. Miss ION NJ o. Il. r. Is miles N. Meridian.)
The Banner-Democrat. [volume] (Lake Providence, East Carroll Parish, La.) 1892-current, 1900-08-04
Roanoke Red Sulphur Springs, Via Salem, Va.

Opens June LIST. one OF the best family resorts IN
the mountains of Va. No malaria. Elevation :. 20J
#. Sulphur. Chalybeate and Freesto g Waters.
Resident ph stefan. Long Distance TEL conec-
tion Reasonable rates, write for descriptive PAM
phlet. J. II. Chapman, Manager.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1900-10-21
FIELD OF TIE
N0RKIMGM.AN

minneapolis has 800 union plumbers
TIE United! States has sixty-five CO
operative colonies.
The initiation fee of the Minneapolis
plasterers' Union in 50
The Hat Finisherss Association OF Brook
lyn sent $500 to the Galveston sufferers
and $3.50 to the striking coal miners
Pastor Milk Peddlers' Union have re-
cnastetj contractors 10 sell no milk to be
sold again at less than cents per quart
Toledo bookbinders have had their de-
,nartIs for an increase granted and the
agreement signed by every firm IN me
city except one
New York Machine Woodworkers and
Turner's. Union 40 has instructed its ma
chine woodcarvers 10 make a demand on
their employers for $40 4 week.
Milwaukee's great crane, operated by
electric, power. cost 5000, and can lift
.,s, tons. 1t has !. 65-foot span and VIII
he saerated on u track SO feet from the
floor.
Tfe Barriers Union OF Toledo have IS
sued 10000 circulars containing the names
and addresses of all proprietors OF union
barber shops The circulars VIII De as
trbuted throughout tie city
Perry made the first steel pens at BIZ
mi1gham in 1921, selling them st ninety
cents apiece The weekly output OF that
city lust now is 20,1G0.00o. and some are
sold for five cents {: gross
At NIinnea polls organized labor Is inter
ested in the candidacy of several men pc
cause they are active members OF laoor
organization and have, to d certain e's-
tent. been brought out for the people
suffraees by organized labor.
The court has sustained as Iesai he
action of a trade union which refused 10
nav the accident benefit of an injured
member, on the ground that the claimant
was working below the union scale OF
wages without permission.
Members of the New York AmaIga1nateti
! Painters, and Decorators Union will
open a trade school during the winter
| months for their members and apprentices.
| Experts will teach drawing, decorative
! painting. granting, etc.
+; One of the Chicago building contractors
! engaged in the fight against organized la
! Dor in that city has lost twelve JOBS II
| st. Louis. the men refusing to work on
| the buildings so long as he is in any way
: connected with the work.
Th, members of the Minneapolis Wood
! workers Union are delighted over the re-
J sl,rrect:on by the City Council Of the reso,
luton requiring that all factory products
, /, fha way of sash doors. mouidings, ETC.
| snonIa bear the label OF the Woodworkers
Union.
The New York Garment Workers ane
Waist Makers have agreed to separate
national union Jurisdictions. The forme
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1900-10-21
PHOEBUS FlREMEN'S FAIR.
Dysart's Murder Still AIystery-Body
E,yu,ncd in Effort TO Solve IT.
icnoc;,J Disnatch 20 Tho Times

PHOEBUs. VA, Oct 20-The Phoebus
Fire Department is having wonderful sue
cess This week with its fair. Everybody,
Of all denonlinat tons. are working to-
gether in unison. The wife OF Captain j.
Y. Smith. councilman First Ward, is pres
iderIt of the ladies' committees and Mrs.
G. NJ. Suffer, vice-president One thous-
and dollars or more viii be cleared by the
fair. 4 grand ball will he rendered the
ladies' who have taken part in this work
BY the firemen next Monday night.
Pihoebus is fast returning to its norma!
condition. Since the yellow fever scare OF
August 1899, there has been many empty
houses and stores. Since the fall came II
there is unulistaSable evidence that conn-
denee has been fully restored, most OF the
houses now paing occupied and three
stores having been opened the past week.
The sanitary condition is excellent, and
the lawlessness of the place IS thing of
The past. Sergeant j. H. Mastin, with an
efficient force of police, have the place
wei regulated and governed.
The mystery surrounding the death or
the Young soldier, Leslie A. Dysart, whose
BODY was found floating near Mill creek
bridge some days ago. has not been cleared
IN The remains were eXhumeu yesterday
and a careful examination heid, D'lt No
thing definite determined, owing TO the
feco,aposition Of the body. The police ara
diligently working on the case. and II Is
hopel that soer,Eh:ng definite may De Gus
covered.
Tho Democratic and Republican clubs
are making things lively. Most Of the en-
| thusiasnl, however, comes from ms
| Younger element.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1900-10-21

will control work on mems boys and cfil-
dreus clothing, overalls and jumpers. The
latter will confne its members TO shirts.
shirt waists. collars, cuffs, undercloth-
ing and washable white goods
one, of the greatest essentials with re-
gard to the recommendation of a London
foctman is not only his height. but the
size and form of his legs. Some excellent
servants in their class of business whose
shanks do not come up TO the require
ment OF fashion have them finely padded
and thus equipped generally pass mus
ta-.
The New York Central Federated Union,
owing TO the compliant of the Bill Post
ers' Union. will protest TO the Board OF
Aldermen against Alderman Matthew's
ordinance proposing to the so-calied
Union Advertising Company the prFFlt-
eye of distributing $500 ash pans aoolt5
the city. and then covering the cans with
posters and 'SnipeS.
Birmingham. Ala. Typographical Union
has begun preparations to the forty-sev-
enth annual session OF the international
Tvpo2raphicaI Union. which meets there
next year The jurisdiction. Of the Biz
1ningnarl Union extends over twelve niles
in every direction from that city. and there
is not 70 be found in all that area a Sius!e
non-union printing establishments
Samuel GompeTs mas issued the call FOR
the twentieth annual convention OF the
American Federation of Labor. 1t Will be
held in Louisville. beginning Wednesday.
December 9TH President Csompers says ~
the call that .s!n the history OF the Ebor
movement the workers wee never Eeduifea
20 deal with more momeniodS ilesti9I'S
than those which confront Is now. pom
the organized workers depends the success
OF our humane battles. the victory % '1'f
noble, cause now and for all time
Isfs1rr
| an Interesting etse as arbiter for the Brick
! ;ayers' Union and Mason and Builders
| Assacia ton When the lockout was de
| clared FehrIary-au apprentice indentur-
| ed by the unioD had orty served four years
| and two months OF mis- five years term
/ The boy was thrown cut of work ana ms
| EMPLOYER refused TO pay him wages. al
| tho1s, ne was under obligations TO fur
t rish steady employment or do So The
| controversy was referred TO Andrew Lin
| AUST for the employer. Thomas Preeee
| for the union and Judge Grosscup Inc
| latter decided IN favor OF the boy. anu
| the employer must pay al the back wages
AS Il nation. we eat more fruit thth any
| others and grow considerably more thar
We eat. Eighty millions of dollars year
is the figure for strawberries alone nun
! dred millions would scarcely cover the
value of all the grapes marketed Peach
| es we raise in astonishing quantities, IN Or
cilarris containing as many as aei"o trees
but our banner crop, 50 Tar as LfU!L -
concerned. is apples. We have prodrced
as many as nc9oocoo barrels in a single sin gle
season. and have sold as high as $,P0'ra
barrels to England alone. We carry IN cold
storage every winter anywhere from o.
C,Oc1o to 1860 go barrels of the crop OF
the season before, in order TO secure pct
| ter prices Ships weigh anchor III Se"
york. three at a time in single week.
bearing apples to Europe
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1900-10-21
Que Thing He Did Know.

An old sailor with plenty OF grog aboard
was staggering near an American navy
yard, when he was met by Admiral ~,
who was in command. The sailor not sst-
luting as he should have done. the Ad-
niral, who was very strict in this par
ticnlar. addressed the sailor thus:
Do you belong to the United states
Navy?
sailorWel1. don't know whether I
do or not
AdmiraNDon't know? What ship do
you bslong to? Do yol know that;
Sa.lor-I hardly know that e.ther
AdnaFal-Well sir do you Know :se
Sai!or-No. air.
Admiral am Admiral ". Of the ua.-
ted States Navy. and commander o. sh1s
maynard
sailor-Well, Admiral. there Is one thing
LIDO know. and that IS, you have got
darned good Job.
4 n t4fs !olgnte1 the Admiral forgot the
s..sl.a .. ale the sailor
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1900-10-21


NAV have had the welfare of his country
at heart, his personal greed was no small
factor in the degeneration of his later
years
There are two points about the expires
ident of the T'ransvaal which have never
hitherto been adequately dwe1t upon. THESE
ara his native idiosyncrasies and MS Pc
culiar ignorance.
AS child, even as a young man hs as
ISOLATED muon. as South African children
always do. with native servants, Hotten-
tots, Rasutos. Shangaans and Zulus. In
zrincrive!y, CERTAIN traits Of native charae-
ter are inevitably picked UP, for ehildrau
are VIGOROUSLY receptive he sAou4d.
therefore, be trea ted much as one would
treat a puissant native chief. with court
esq. with absolute fairness and justice
but also with a very different form
of diplomacy to that employed with
Great Power or the head of a civilized ma
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1900-10-21
Upper Hanover.
ts;.ccial dispatch 10 The lines,

HYLAs, Oct. 2o-The farmers of this
section are busy seeding wheat The To-
bat,co crur, has peen housed and the crop
is poor The corn crop is also very short,
owing 10 the leng drought
Mr.. G. r. Wiltshire. one of the Rock
Vile farmers. planted half acre in
OF neIasses and a pint Of that had 10 go
10 pay toll for making, SO he invites his
friends up 10 i.ck lasses.
Miss lola Holman daughter OF Mr.. and
Mrs. John Holman. is quite Ill with
typhoid-ieser-
There viii be panorama. at Shady
Grove ~. E. Church on October 18th, at
z p. NJ. the proceeds 10 so toward COM
plotting the new church
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1900-10-21
OBITUARY..
Mrs. y. r.. i,atkins.

- - lin.
Mrs. A Ellen BaIksiis. wife of Mr.. J. z.
Ra1kins, died al > o clocs yesterday morn
ins al her residence. No .aI1 East Broad
Street. IN the siXty-second year OF her
age.
AIR. Batlsins was for many years assist
ant Gas Inspector OF Richmond, but Is
now foreman Of the Upper Gas-Works.
lie has hundreds of friends. who wiz SYM
path,ze with him In his afrliction
aasrs isatksns MS a Miss Mounteastte
of this CITY Si,e leaves no children. She
IVES q devoted VIE a loving woman. and
a srisa6 To every one.
1tae sun.rel wisi take place til: !.
aftr.naon at e.cioea. from Tr,n,ty
: Methodist church. OF which abe was
snemser. The tntertne:,t VII be made Ii
dosiyHond,
The following gentlemen w.il be the pail
bearers:
,acs.ve-EIen Matthews. Aleck Mont
ge:.,er rs. IA. Ackiey. John !!'iI Jacl
& 4asinsea Mays, Gentys II
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1900-10-21
Ho,pital Notes.

DR.. L. c. RaglanS. who is at The vir
ginia Hospital, was resting more COM
fortable last night. ttis condition IS
considered quite serious by his attending
physician
MI, j. Felix Smith is improving at the
Old Dominion Hospital.
Miss Turpin, who has been a patient at
i.fc Retreat. was dlscharg- q yesterday
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1900-10-21
WHY THE. LICENSE
WAS RETURNED
Rev. w. C. Underwood Explains Why
He Did Not Consummate His Mar
rage With Mrs. Bishop.
,sn..t,1 dispatch to The Times.]

VEST APPoMATTox. Oct ea-stncs
the publication in the Richmond papers
regarding the postponernsnt If the mar
40. OF Rev. w. c. Underwood to Mrs
RIsnche bishop. Mr.. Underwood desires
70 give the following exclamation OF the
facts. AS has been stated n The papers,
Wrs BISHOP was sometime since di-
vorced from her husband on the grounds
of permanent desertioH.
Alter Mr.. Underwood became engaged
a. bar he received advlces concerning the
crpretation OF the laws governing the
church he represents that LET, doubt IN
s1.s mind as to the propriety of their union
,Inder the circumstances. Later on, tn Sc
doubts were sufficiently removed to justify
hin, to proceed, and he secured license
and they wcre to have been married or
the 18th Instant
After securing the license, in an inter-
view between them. the subject was again
brought up. and more carefully con-
sid red. in which they mutually agreed
that the marriage ought TO be postponed
until all reasonable doubt was removed
from their minds.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1900-10-21
Cnildren,sCIiorus.

The Children's Chorus of the Wednes-
1av Club held its regular weekly re-
1earsal at the Y. NJ. G. A. Hail YESTERDAY
~ noon. Mr. Walter Mercer, VINO -
training the chorus. was greatly en-,
couraced by the large attendance, ana
feels that the chorus Will surpass ina o.
any previous session.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1900-10-21
ANorHER GREAr MAN.

Many folks have found a likeness in
Paul Kruger to quite number OF en-
inent people of the past, such as Grom-
well, Washington, Ulysses, Elucfler ana
Lincoln. But there is a native simplicity
about the man winch none of these PEG
pie approached. He is gigantic IN MS
ignorance, beautiful in his simplicity
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1900-10-21

Mrs. J. II. Buck. after spending few
weeks with her daughter. Mrs. Il. II.
Saunders, No f,5 North Seventh Street.
left here for her home, Sew York City.
last weex, accompanied by Mrs. Saundsr,
and her daughter. Addey Mason. ana
Hub. Jr.. for to spend a month.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1900-10-21
MARINE INTELLIGENCE.

October q. 1900.
Columbus Day.
sun rises rise $500 5:26 P. NJ.
Tna,, s0uti, .10:2S A. NJ.
First high water .-.....-... 20 y. NJ
Second high water 80 Z. ~.
October 90, 1900.
List born, lo41.
sun rises 6:25 a. n.
sun sets $500. I'LL 4 M
Moon sou, SCUM .:....'. 3:1il 4 NJ
Second high water 49,. 30 M.
PORT OF RICHMOND, OCT. 20, 1900.
ARRIVED.
steamer Pocahon.as. Graves. James
River landings and Norfolk, mefci!ahdiss
and passengers, Virginia Navigation
Steamer aosalie. Willis. Norfolk. mer-
vhandlse ana passengers. Oiti potiiiiiioh
Steamer Cult Stream. Tunnel Phlladel-
ohia. Pa. merchandise. and passengers,
Clyde Line.
Steamer Rosalie. Willis, Nort1lR, m ,a
chandise and passengers. olo Do'tii'A'on
a-t's, OCTOBER 81.
! steamer CUR Stream, Tunnel, Phllacel,
I, pnia. Pa. merchandise ana passengers
Clyde Line.
PORT NEWPORT NEWS, OCT. 20. 1900.
ARRIVED.
Barge P. J. Carleton, 5Proyidenee.
Schooner Crescent, Fort Monroe.
| Steamer Glenroy. Charles ton. ,.,a,,,
| Steamer Elswicks Park, New orleans.
| Steamer Chicka hominy, LONDON.
| SAILED.
Schooner Crescent. Newbnrypoe1r.L
Schooner j. B. Prescott 6os , e95., 80, -
Schooner j.. Ell fr :, " y !. q
Steamer Elswick e..,
The evening times. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1895-1902, 1900-01-31
Wonderful Hdkf Values.

mayor. They assert that the mayor is now
endeavoring to capture all the laurels The
Manufacturers Club last evening at a
meeting adopted resolutions supporting the
Citizens Convention Association and the
sub-eNecutive committee Of the latter or
ganiGatiOn- This means that the club Will
oppose Mayor Ashbridge today and shat
Shields and his followers will not step
down and out.
One Of the greatest plumbers Of the con-
yention movement was the fact that many
OF the leaders thought the 800 600 was for
the convention expenses and not for the
campaign fund Of the Republican party.
They imagined that they would have a
chance 10 handle the money, but when
they realized that they could not touch the
fund their spirits fell and the incubus they
thrust upon the stall ciUz. ms OF the city
was too overwhelming; for Them 10 do any
work
It is believed that TIE National Republi-
can Committee is Disguised ., er the Phila-
delphia Convention movement. When Sen
atOr Hanna came here three weeks ago
expecting to get $25. 600 he did not obtain
cent. In the interviews following his
visit he said that during lis call upon
Mayor Ashbridge the subject of money for
the campaign fund was never preached.
As the situation now stands the citi-
Zens in order TO fulfill their pledge must
have S25. 900 for the Republican campaign
fund within the next fifteen days They
viii then have until June 19. the day Of
the convention to get the rest.
The evening times. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1895-1902, 1900-01-31

from and after July % 1856. lSrc section
47I2. Revised Statutes OF United Stl-esA
The law further provides i'm c5ses of
this character that the pension. II a'lo
shall commence from the date OF dis
charge. if the claim is fled wi hin three
years from the time the right accrued,
otherwise the pension is made 10 com
mence from the date OF filing the las
paper necessary 10 establish the claim.
Where pensions were granted IN con-
sequence Of disabilities incurred in ser
vice and line OF duty prior TO March 4.
1861, and the pensioners were residents Of
States then in arms against the Govern
rcent Of the United States. their names
we're stricken from the rolls under the
provisions Of the acts Of February !. 1852,
and March >, 1867. subject TO the right Of
restoration upon showing hat Jhey had
not, IN any manner. aided or atcttad the
late rebellion against the authority Of the
United States, and were in favor Of its
suppression. For example: \ soldier who
lost an arm in battle during the war with
Mexico and was ponsioned az the rate
provided for under the then existing laws.
and whose name was dropped from the
rolls under the provisions Of the ac-s