The Hood River glacier. (Hood River, Or.) 1889-1933, 1900-07-20
TUNNEL DISEASE.

Curious Afiiction of Those Who Delve
in Miues and Tunnels.
There is q disease which attacks the
laborers In tunnels and mines. 1t is as
old as Egypt, but only within this cen
tury has it been placed to a specinc
parasite. 1t is painful and danger
GUS disease, often resulting In death.
A monograph on the subject Of this
malady, called ankylostOmiasis, has
just appeared, and, coming as 1t does
from Hugo Il. Goldman, M. D., the Of
fetal physician in the coal mines of
Brennberg, near Oldenburg, Germany,
1t carries great weight, for 1t is based
upon years of experience and practical
treatment of this dread disease.
1t attacks not only men but animals,
especially the horses or mules used in
the building of tunnels and the opera
ton of mines 1t is disease caught by
ir -ection, like typhoid or cholera. 1t
may be contracted in the air or by con-
tact with the germs, which are really
the eggs of the little worm, or ankylos-
toma, as 1t is called. This name means
"hooked mouth" and refers to the six
hooked teeth around the mouth of the
parasite by which 1t cllngs to the inte-
rior of the human intestine. 1t is found
not only in the duodenum, but also in
the smaller intestines, where 1t grows
and fiourlshes.
Male and female can be distinguished
among these parasites. the females be-
| ing larger and more numerous than the
males. The males grow to the length
of 3937 inch, and the female is on an
average half as long again. They can
be seen with the naked eye. This ami
lmal has neither breathing apparatus
nor circulatory system, and varies in
color from grayish white to brown and
even blood red, according to the condi-
| ton of the person In whom 1t is found.
The female lays large number of eggs
In the human intestines, from which
they spread the disease infinitely under
proper conditions. The parasite and
the egg develop best In temperature
between 65 and So degrees Fahren-
heit. The air and surrounding medium
should be moist. 1t is on account Of
the moisture and heat to be found in
mines and tunnels that this parasite
develops so perfectly among the toll
ers in these places. Darkness Is also
necessary, sunlight killing these ami
malculae almost instantly.
Ankylostomiasis originated in the
Orient. 1t has been long established In
Egypt, but has been mistakenly called
Egyptian chlorosis, or aenemia, and
was treated as mere poverty of the
blood In red corpuscles. 1t passed over
from Egypt to Italy, where 1t was not
really understood until Dubini found
the parasite in 1888.
When the st. Gothard tunnel was
built In the '70s, the disease spread
throughout central Europe, especially
! in Switzerland. The further spread
ing of the ankylostoma to the mines OF
Europe was quick to follow. When the
Lutu NcIC utSl tttdChSu III tue 81 NpL
hard tunnel it was thought that new
disease, the tunnel disease" had beer
found. but it was nothing other thar
the ankylostoma, as was proved by
rerroncito, when he found no less thar
1900 of these parasites in the duode
nlm of a man who had died of ''tun
mel disease"
The mode of infection is very ap
parent. The men while at work otter
carry their hands 10 their mouths. OIL
eat their food In the tunnels or mines
and In this way the parasite or its eggs
enter through the mouth, pass on into
the system and find a permanent home
in the intestines. to the walls of which
they cling with all six teeth. feeding
ON the blood of the unfortunate person
attacked.