davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The L'Anse sentinel., 1900-05-05
PEQUAMING POINTERS.
Special Correspondence

Speciai correspondence.
H. B. Painter made business
trip here Wednesday,
Samuel Maigrette was down from
Lake Linden Tuesday.
The shingle mill will start up
next week for the season S run.
Maj. w. X. Haviland was at
L'Anse the fore part of the week
Mrs. W. X. Haviland, who has
been seriously i'll for the past three
weeks, is convalescent.
Miss Katharine Cullnan, of Chica-
go, had u fine display of millinery
goods at the Hotel St. Charles this
week.
The dance given in the Hall
Thursday evening was largely at
tended and all enjoyed a very pleas
ant time.
Jos. Belanger and John Mcdonnell
were visitors here Sunday last and
enjoyed q picnic at the camp
grounds with a number OF young
people from this place.
The L'Anse sentinel., 1900-05-05
Testimony Was Not Sufficient to
Hold Him on the Charge Of
Causing Magnants Death.
WAS RE-ARRESTED
For Assault and Battery, to
Which he Pleaded Guilty and
Was Promptly Sentenced.

Henry Clay Hendricks, who was
arrested the day following the
termination of the inquest held over
the body of thelate Nelson Magnant,
and who was charged by the
coroner's jury with having with
force and arms feloniously and
wilfully killed and slayed the said
Nelson Nagnant," was discharged
in justice court Monday morning,
the testimony submitted at the
examination being OF such a
nature that it was impossible to
hold him to the circuit court for
trial.
At the inquest about eighteen
witnesses testified, among whom
were Drs. Zellen and Stringham,
who held post-mortem examina-
tion on the body. 1t was shown
that Hendricks had struck and
kicked Magnant, but the physicians
testified that death was caused by
congestion Of the lungs, and that no
marks of violence were found on the
body sufficient to injure or cause
the mans death. However, the
coroner's jury rendered the verdict
as above stated, and Hendricks
was arrested charged with the crime
of manslaughter. He was arraigned
in justice court and held for ex-
animation, bail being required in
the sum of $1,000, which he was
unable to procure, and he was com
mitted to Jail.
Wednesday of last week the ex-
animation took place. The two
physicians were again placed upon
the witness stand, and testified
positively as before, that the blows
received did not, or could not, cause
Magnant's death. The testimony
Of ten other witnesses was also
taken at the examination. The
justice took the matter under care
ful consideration, and Monday
morning discharged the prisoner.
Hendricks was at once re-arrest-
ed on the charge of assault and
battery upon Nelson Magnant on
the night preceding his death, to
which he pleaded guilty. He was
sentenced to pay fine Of $50 and
costs, or in default of payment of
the fine and costs to be and remain
imprisoned in the common Jail of
Baraga county for the period Of
three months, at hard labor, which
is practically the extreme limit
prescribed by the statute for the
offense charged.
The L'Anse sentinel., 1900-05-05
COvingtOn Township Board Pro-
ceedings.
orricIAL.

Meeting of the township board of
the township OF Covington, held in
the clerk S Office on the 9th day of
April, 1900, there were present,
Arthur Boucher, supervisor; VIM.
Henry and l. j. Caron, justices of
the peace, and P. F. Tracy, clerk.
Minutes of meeting of April 5,
1900, were read and approved as read.
On motion Arthur Boucher was
appointed health officer for the en-
suing year by the following vote:
Yeas-Boucher, Caron, Henry,
Tracy; 'nays-none.
On motion Arthur Boucher and
P. F. Tracy were appointed com
mittee .on burying grounds, which
motion was unanimously carried.
On motion Geo. G. Jackman was
allowed $15. 90 for printing the pro-
ceedings OF the township board for
the ensuing year, which motion was
passed and adopted by the following
vote: Ycas-Boucher, Caroa, Henry,
Tracy; nays-none.
Motion, that the township board
hold the regular meetings of said
board on the first Saturday of each
month during the ensuing year;
which motion was unanimously
carried.
On motion p. F. Tracy was in
structed to purchase the following
books for township purposes: One
township treasurer account book,
one township clerks account book,
one highway commissioners record,
and one delinquent tax record;
which motion was adopted by the
following vote: Yeas-Boucher.
Caron, Henry, Tracy; nays-none.
On motion the meeting adjourned
until Saturday, May 8, 1900.
p. f. TRACY, Clerk.
ARTHUR BOUCHER, Supervisor.
The L'Anse sentinel., 1900-05-05
GOING TO FLORIDA.
DIR. McElvecn, of WinOna andWy.
andOt Mines, Will go South.

DR.. George McElveen, who has
been mine physician at the Winona
and Wyandot mines, for about two
years, past, has resigned the posi-
ton, which took effect Monday The
doctors natural love for the sunny
south constraius him to return and
he will settle on an orange planta-
tion in Florida. 1t is stated that he
will establish q sanitarium there
and divide his time between culti-
waiting tropical fruit and relieving
the ills OF humanity. The doctor is
o native Of South Carolina and be-
gan his life on this planet about the
time it was decided that the Afri-
cans OF the south were human be-
ings and entitled to liberty. His
parents were owners of large planta-
items in that state and were among
the thousands whose property was
wasted by the dire effects of the
civil war. The doctor leaves the
copper country with the sincere
wishes of many warm friends for
success in his sunny southern home.
DR.. s. E. Campbell, Of Hancock,
has been appointed as DR.. McEl-
veen's successor.-Houghton Ga.
The L'Anse sentinel., 1900-05-05
HOULE-GAVIN NUPTIALS.
Wedding Occurred In Sacred
Heart Church Monday Morning.

W AAS 49, AS~~
Heart Church Monday Morning.
Miss Adeline Houle, OF Marquette,
and Thomas Gavin, of this village,
were united in marriage in Sacred
Heart church Monday morning at
8 o'clock, the ceremony being per-
formed by Rev. FIR. Rheinhardt, of
Houghton, in the presence of rela-
tives of the contracting parties, and
a large Number of friends. The
bride was attended by Miss Sadie
Gavin, sister, of the groom, and
Henry Sands officiated as best man.
At 1890 o'clock an elaborate
wedding dinner was served at the
residence of the groom s parents,
to which about thirty invited guests
were present.
Mr.. and Mrs. Gavin left on the
4:45 train for Marquette, where they
will reside. They have the best
wishes of their many friends for
happy and prosperous future.
The L'Anse sentinel., 1900-05-05
NORMAN w. HARE
Would Accept Congressional
Nomination IL rendered.

Would Accept Congressional
Nomination If rendered.
The following is from the Hancock
Progress:
"The name of Judge Norman W.
Haire has been frequently mentioned
OF late in the papers of Gogebic, his
home county, in connection with the
Republican congressional nomina-
tion in this district. At first the
judge paid little attention to the
movement, but it seems to have
taken root in several localities and
has become so general that he feels
it duty due his friends to define
his position, which he informs the
Progress is this: He is candidate
in the sense that should the nomina-
tion come to him he will accept it,
and make vigorous campaign for
the success of the ticket. He will
net, however, enter into a scramble
for the nomination, believing that
the Office should seek the man, and
not the man the Office. The Judge
has hosts of friends all over the
district, who will be pleased at this
decision, and If we mistake not the
sentiment of the people, he will prove
a prominent factor in the nominat-
ing convention.
The L'Anse sentinel., 1900-05-05
Competition for the Western
Union In Upper Peninsula.

The Postal Telegraph Co., will
reach the copper district during
May, having secured access to
Houghton over the long distance
line OF the Erie Telephone Co. Of
fees will be opened in all the princi.
pal towns of the district. The
Western Union has never before had
competition in the copper country.
The L'Anse sentinel., 1900-05-05
Special Notice.

Notice is hereby given that
owners or occupants OF houses shall
by the lst day of June, 1900, shave
removed all rubbish, refuse, ETC.,
from their premises; also disinfect
all privies and water closets. By
order of ]. 0. ZELLEN,
Health Officer OF the Township
[5-5t31 OF L'Anse.
The L'Anse sentinel., 1900-05-05
For Sale.

Farm, formerly owned by Rev.
Peter Marksman, at M. e. Mission,
is offered for sale at reasonable
price. Good buildings, including
two houses and two barns. Every
thing in good repair. For further
particulars inquire OF Frank
Pequette, M. E. Mission, L'Anse,
Mich. (4-14tf.)
The L'Anse sentinel., 1900-05-05
Special Notice.

Notice is hereby given that
owners or occupants of houses shall
by the 1st. day of June, 1900, have
removed all rubbish, refuse, etc.,
from their premises; also disinfect
all privies and water closets. BY
order o w. r. STRINaHAM,
Health Officer OF the Village of
L'Anse. 55t3
The L'Anse sentinel., 1900-05-05
Advertised Letters.

Following are the letters remain
ing uncalled for in the postoffice at
L'Anse, for the month ending
April 30, 1900. Persons call
ing for same will please say "ad-
vertised:" Harry Lavender, Vim.
Krautsaw, B. B. Ketchum, Lut :
wich Moirhwort, Geo. Irvine, Chas.
Hull, VIM. Francisco.
r. G. WILLIAMS, p. M.
The L'Anse sentinel., 1900-05-05
LOCAL ITEMS.

John Campbell was at Houghton
Thursday.
Charles ]. Boyle was over from
Baraga Thursday.
d. Levitan was at Dollar Bay the
first of the week.
Axel Erickson, of Skanee, trans
acted business in town Tuesday.
Each saloon keeper in this village
took out license promptly on the
first day of May.
Mrs. ]. B. Belanger went to
Houghton Thursday to visit her
daughter, Mrs. Charles Ferguson.
E. II. Strauss, a well known sales
man for a Cincinnati firm, spent
Sunday in L'Anse. He rendered a
violin solo at the evening service in
the Nj. E. church.
John F. Arnold, OF Calumet, son
OF the late Rev. DR.. ]. M. Arnold, for
many years editor of the Michigan
Christian Advocate, published in
Detroit, returned home Monday,
after visiting Rev. ]. NJ. Shank for
few days.
Miss Elsie McKernan presented
number of her friends this week
with samples OF delicious oranges
from her grove in California. No
choicer fruit of this description has
ever been shown in this vicinity.
Rev. FIR. ]. E. Reinhardt, of
Houghton, will hold early service
in Sacred Heart church in this
village tomorrow morning at 8
o'clock, and at Pequaming at 1870
clock. There will be no evening
service. G1
"The Race Problem" will be the
subject OF Rev. ]. M. Shank's SER
mon at the NJ. E. church tomorrow
evening. The freedmen of the
south, ten millions strong, are a
great factor in our Christian
civilization, and the question of
how they are to affect our nation S
future is worthy of careful thought.
All are cordially invited.
The Duluth, South Shore l. At
lantic train due to arrive at L'Anse
at 800 o'clock a. M, was over an
hour late Monday morning. At
trched to the train was a Chicago &
Northwestern car containing about
100 Finnish emigrants whose des-
tination was Hancock and Calumet.
The Devils Auction" company
also had two cars attached to the
train.
Saturday evening last horse
owned by Antoine Aune, OF Pequam-
ing, while attached to a buggy
and standing near Louis Thoresen s
store, became frightened and
started down the street like a
whirlwind. The buggy was upset
and the top torn off. The animal
soon freed itself from the rig, and
lost no time in going to Pequaming,
distance of nine miles.
The L'Anse sentinel., 1900-05-05
DreSsInakiDg,

Ladies desiring to have clothes
made in the latest New York and
Chicago styles, also hand tailor
made suits, will find it to their ad-
vantage to call on MISS G.. BoRDEAU,
who may be found at the residence
of Mrs. ]. LeDuc, L 'Anse. (4-21tD
The L'Anse sentinel., 1900-05-05

When in Marquette stop at the
Hotel Clifton. Best in the city,
$500 per day. Single meals, SO
cents. l6-10tf]
The Bossier banner. [volume] (Bellevue, Bossier Parish, La.) 1859-1952, 1900-05-31
Personal Paragraphs.

Mrs. W. E. McDade, OF Bluffs,
i visiting her mother, Mrs. A. P.
Butler.
Mrs. Wrenn, of Shreveport, is
DO guest Of her father, Rev. j.
n. Brown.
Thanks to Mrs. H. N. Sibley
md Miss Matte Oneal for nice
vegetables.
NJ. and Mrs. J. A. Sewall, Jr.,
i Shreveport, were the guests of
u. A. R. Thompson Sunday.
Hon. Z. T. Sanders has favored
! the Banner with an interesting
pamphlet on the Resources of
louisiana, for which he will ac-
opt our thanks.
Invitations have been issued to
ne marriage of Mr.. Thomas Man
ming, Of Hunter, Ark, and Miss
Sarsh Estelle Bates, at the resi-
dance Of the BRIDES parents, Mr..
md Mrs. G. W. Bates, at Haugh-
I'm. June Il.
The Bossier banner. [volume] (Bellevue, Bossier Parish, La.) 1859-1952, 1900-05-31
Sudden Death Of 4. W. Hauehtop.

How hard it is for US to realize
that Minus is dead. His death was
90 sudden and unexpected. He
babe US 9 cheerful good by at 4
O'Clock the evening Of the Goth.
and was brought back the next
morning in his coffin. What a
solemn, though silent warning. to
all men that Tin the midst Of life
we are death" He died of apo
p!exy about o'clock the morning
of the 31st.
Mr.. Haughton was born in Sum-
ner county, Tenn, Dec. "a, 1912.
Moved with his parents to Bossier
parish, La, in 1916, where he
spent the greater portion of his
life. He was a student in the I'm.
lversity of Lebanon, Tenn, when
the civil war began, but at the
call OF his country to arms he inn
mediately returned home to join
his comrades in defence of South
ern rights. During the war he
was captured and held prisoner at
Ship Island, where he suffered
much sickness and privation.
After the war closed he remain
ed at home with his mother and
sister until the winter of 1855,
when he was happily married to
Miss Corrie Burns, youngest
daughter of Judge W. M. Burns.
He continued to live in Bossier
parish until the death of his wife.
which was crushing blow to his
hopes and ambitions. He felt all
"broken up" and for a time he
drifted. subsequently he sought
to establish himself in the West.
but after q few years of travel and
absence, he returned to- his old
home, where he seemed content
to spend the remaining years with
relatives and friends.
Mr.. Haughton joined the Pres
byterian church while student
at Lebanon, and though he lost
connection with his church, and
made no outward profession of
religion, he had respect and rev.
erence for christianity and the
sacred things of God. He was q
quiet good man, who attended
strictly to his own affairs, and liv-
ed peaceably and pleasantly with
his fellow men, and we cherish a
hope that he rests in peace with
his maker and his God.
He left a devoted sister-Mrs.
M. j. Lawrence-who deeply
mourns the loss of an only BROTH
er, and whose grief is shared also
by a wide circle of friends.
A FRIEND.
The Bossier banner. [volume] (Bellevue, Bossier Parish, La.) 1859-1952, 1900-05-31
Savings Deposits.

Merchants and Farmers Bank, corner
Spring and Texas streets, Shreveport.
The savings deposits of this bank is
one OF its deservedly popular features.
Interest at the rate of three per cent per
annum is allowed on all sums of one dol
lar and upwards remaining on deposit
three or more calendar months.
When made during the first three days
OF any month, interest is allowed on
these deposits as if made on the first day
IN the month. Interest on all sums not
drawn will be payable on the first days
OF February and August, and interest
not then Withdrawn is added to the prin-
ciple,, thereby giving depositors COM
pound interest.
Deposits may be made by married
women or minors in their own names.
Facilities are given depositors to draw
money.
Deposits made for a longer period than
six months draw higher rate than or
binary savings deposits.
The Bossier banner. [volume] (Bellevue, Bossier Parish, La.) 1859-1952, 1900-05-31
Died,

At her home at Walnut Hills,
Ark, at half past 7 o'clock D. M,
May Is, 1900, Mrs. M. J. Lee,
aged SO years, seven months and
four days. Mrs. Lee was born at
Tuscumbia, Ala, Oct. II, 1880.
She married James A. Lee, of
Chester District, s. c., in 1849.-
In 1851 she removed with her hus-
band to Bossier parish, La, and
settled in the neighborhood now
known as Cotton Valley. This
was the name given by the Lees
to their new western home.
She united with the Christian
Church in 1856 at Cotton Valley,
and lived the life of q true and
devoted Christian until her death.
In 1857 the family removed to
Walnut Hills, Ark, and after q
sojourn of 16 years in that State,
returned Tin 1879 to Bossier par
ish and resided near Plain Deal
ing until Mr.. Lees death, which
occurred in the month Of Febru-
airy, 1884. After the loss of her
husband, Mother Lee again re-
moved to Walnut Hills, and made
that her home the remainder of
her life.
Mrs. Lee was q lady Of rare
intellect, and she possessed many
noble traits OF character. She
was industrious, frugal and char
table; the needy were never turn
ed away from her door unaided.
Her natural intellectual endow-
ments, amiable disposition, and
love for the beautiful in life
always attracted around her q
coterie of the best society the
country afforded. She was q dear
and devoted mother, and was
loved by all who knew her. She
leaves three sons, r. E. Lee, of
Benton, La; G. M. and r. r. Lee,
of Walnut Hills, and six grand
children, to mourn her loss.
GENE LEE.
The Bossier banner. [volume] (Bellevue, Bossier Parish, La.) 1859-1952, 1900-05-31
The Shreveport sanitarium

The Shreveport Sanitarium is pri-
vate hospital with pleasant surround
ings; q large, commodious, three-story
building; with trained nurses ~ every
modern convenience;-a thoroughly up
to-date operating room, and only two
blocks from the union depot. Ambulance
Will meet trains when notified.
Very truly,
T. E. SCHUMPERT,
The Bossier banner. [volume] (Bellevue, Bossier Parish, La.) 1859-1952, 1900-05-31
Women's Department.

| A list OF premiums to be awarded in
this department will appear later, Ed. 1
The Bossier banner. [volume] (Bellevue, Bossier Parish, La.) 1859-1952, 1900-05-31
Stray Sale.

Taken by L. G. Biggs and estrayed
= before w. M. vicke1s, Justice of
the Peace, ward 6, Bossier parish, La,
and will be sold at Bellevue, La, within
the legal hours OF sale, on Saturday,
June 30, 1900, one roam and white poney,
reached name; branded on left shoulder;
IL hands high. Appraised at sis.
The owner is requested to come for
ward, prove property and pay charges,
or the same will be sold according to law.
w. M. MORROW. Constable.
The Bossier banner. [volume] (Bellevue, Bossier Parish, La.) 1859-1952, 1900-05-31
List Of Premiums

To be Awarded by the Bossier Parish
Agricultural and Industrial Fair As.
ISOLATION at Their Next Annual Fair,
to be held October 8, 10, ii, IL and 49,
The Bossier banner. [volume] (Bellevue, Bossier Parish, La.) 1859-1952, 1900-05-31


offer the following premiums:
Best display OF fruit, SO worth of fruit
trees and vines.
Second best display, IS worth Of fruit
trees and vines.
Best display Of cut flowers, s. worth OF
shrubbery.
Best plate of pears, five specimens, 81
worth of rose bushes.
Best plate of apples, four trees Of new
apples, worth 81.
Best plate OF peaches, four new peach
trees, worth 81.
To the lady making the best exhibit of
canned fruit, S. worth OF shrubbery
and evergreens.
Women's Department.
A list OF premiums to be awarded ia
this department will annpaY Iafas. III 4
The Bossier banner. [volume] (Bellevue, Bossier Parish, La.) 1859-1952, 1900-05-31
Notice

will be at the Court House after June
L LIST Tor the purpose of making cor
rections and otherwise arranging the
assessments for 1900, where all may see
me and attend to any matter pertaining
to same.
H. H. MONTGOMERY, Assessor.
The Bossier banner. [volume] (Bellevue, Bossier Parish, La.) 1859-1952, 1900-05-31
Lsvee Board Proceedings.

THURSDAY, MAY "a, 1900.
The Board of Commissioners Of
Ae Bossier Levee District met in
QeciA session. Present: j. w.
ter, President; Messrs. w. T.
eolquitt, A. j. Moss and T. w. w.
66nson. Absent: Messrs. P. B.
caah and W. H. Hodges.
Aquorum being present, the
Beard proceeded to business.
The minutes Of the proceeding
resting were read and approved.
The following Ordinances were
adopted:
~ ORDNANCE LEvYMa A TEN MILL TAX
3 q AL THE PROPERTY IN Boss1ER LEvEE
pasRlcr SUBJECT TO TAXATION FOR
Mvz PURPOSES FOR THE YEAR 1900.
3 4 Ordained by the Board of Com
] oners OF the Bossier Levee District
D. specaA session convened, That a Dis
~ Levee Tar Of ten (10) mills on the
..ll.f Of ito assessed valuation be and is
va lesied on all property situated in
lIrs1Ion IA ia 49, Dls.llcs, suDlect 70
]. 1l0 - -0soo purposes 1or the year
] m 1ra;r.,o. :
~ i., q r;.a L@Tsy.ng . Local. Assess
- 81 any, v 1Gnss Pc! acre on every
q n;.s- ..aai . lsl.u Win the bossaer
ID & oria All .sS i Ut . me year H lSov:
ionera l, q ~ y 3. .ne 1oaIo o. COM
1 1neeisi . IS :a,o Dossier Levee Dlstrics
I 1rleernent a en- oonveneu, Inat q local
RI $50 s,lu n .1 s eones PET acre on eacn
- evs s, n S. acIe o. lano wltnn the
I mi Z 49,. 49, D.I.llce TOT the year lSUO,
! ~ 0h6inarn.se 10y levieo.
mt a. sen 20. ynlH Loca1 Assess
low ~ ~ s''''
nses 9,a 3 tsi 6y the Board Of Com
session. ion e 1oses Le Tsst n,1 Ioos
Int Of SIXTY dollars per e1 mile i Be.
ssy nils Of railroad si au ssA within thin
siasa.ass Is ssI District st., /.
- e Fifty Cents per Bale t On each
- ! 1 g Cotton raised within the Bos-
h. s.. The funds to raise sis FRO from aI the
- I 81 Al dey set Ta5, Five Cents
md spa aG' e svmsle M to to Locate ass.
IT osss.;ass30 1s Hoods, Be it Resolved
-. q the Bossier G Isve o. n SaI%' Il
s ~ :; convened taa That : Special
81 II VI FIFTY Cents por Bale be.
The Bossier banner. [volume] (Bellevue, Bossier Parish, La.) 1859-1952, 1900-05-31


Louisiana has nearly 45, 600
square miles of territory, contains
ing some %, 600, 900 acres. OF this
amount about 13, 600, 900 is of
alluvial origin, and the rest up
land. Of the $4,000, 900 acres,
but little more than 5000, 900 are
in cultivation. Upon these acres
there were grown last year prod
ucts vailed at SIS, O00, 900, distrib-
uted as follows:
sugar.--..-.....,-.-.....- s35, 00O, 900
Cotton-.:-.-..-.. ..... q, OOO, 600
Corn, oats, hay. 10000, 600
Rice ............ 5000, 600
Live stock, de-. 5000, 900
Fruits, vegetables 1000, 900
Oranges-- 1000, 900
The Bossier banner. [volume] (Bellevue, Bossier Parish, La.) 1859-1952, 1900-05-31

% 9. B. Galloway will adj
ue citizens of Benton and
nolng country. on Tuesday
June 18th, ats p. M, on
naeth Century movement.
The Bossier banner. [volume] (Bellevue, Bossier Parish, La.) 1859-1952, 1900-05-31
Dentistry.

DR.. T. N. Comegys, ONCE III the new.
Cooper Brothers building. second noor:
Shreveport.
The daily journal. (Salem, Or.) 1899-1903, 1900-02-07
A LIFE SAVED.

Or. .J.R, Cook. the Botanical spec
allst. Succeeds Who're Other
Fall.
To whom II may concern:
This IN 10 certify that Bertha r. Con,
ner, Of Mt Angel precinct, Marion ooun.
ty. Oregon, has suffered from a cancer
Gus growth In the left ear for about three
years. The grow th was cut out twice and
burned out once by AlbaRy Physicians,
but the growth came back AS bad
as ever, and panied her 80 badly that
she had to be taken from school. Aite,
three weeks treatment by DIR. j. y.
Cook, OF Salem, Oregon, the Botanical
Specialist, the growth entirely disap.
peared, and at this date, four montht
since treatment was begun, the growth
has not reappeared, and the ear has cn
tirely healed leaving only the scars IN
hicted by the Albany doctors,
hereby certify that the above state
ment Is absolutely true, and that Ber-.
tina L Conner, the person mentioned
IN the affidavit has resided in myiam.
lily since early childhood, bearing the re-
lationship 10 me Of niece.
II. g. Lose
Subscribed and sworn tO before me
this eighth day Of June, 1879. w. w
Hall, county clerk n Marion county
Oregon.
An diseases surrc' siully treated and
red