davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1900-01-07
BUYERS AND SELLERS.

Some of the buyers and sellers In yesterdays
market were: Post Flagg and T. ]. Taylor &
Co. sold St. Paul Traders bought Union Pacific
common London, TunIs Brothers q. COO and Brown
Bruins & Co. sold. Halle & Stieglitz. J. F. Carlisle
G. NJ. Dodge and J. Honigman bought Sugar Re
filming; j. s. Bearns & Co. Seymour Johnson &
Co. and c.. I. Hudson Co. sold Clark, Dodge &
Co. bought Southern Pacific II. D. Lewis sold.
Webb Prall g. Co. bought New-York Central w.
B. Oliver QO0O) bought American Tobacco: F. P.
Freeman Co. G,000) sold. Post Flagg and Van
Emburgh Atterbury bought Chesapeake and
Ohio; London (2.00O sold r f. Ames w. D.
Hatch, J. Kirkner and A. Leo bought Brooklyn
Rapid Transit; Coster Knapp Co Q.OOO) and
Walsh Taller Co. Q,0OO) sold. Wassermann
Brothers and traders bought Atchison preferred .
London sold. Mendham Brothers sold Sugar Re-
nning. W. Scheftel sold New-York Central j. r.
Wliston & Co. 2,5OO sold Atchison preferred. John
Wallace & Co. bought Cleveland, Cincinnati Chi
cago and ST. Louis; Moore & schley sold London
and Keene brokers sold the general list. Post
Flagg Q.000) bought Union Pacific common Was
sermann Brothers q COO sold. Henry Brothers and
Pepper & Stern bought Atchison preferred; ]. r.
Williston & Co. 5000 in alb sold. Harris & Fuller
sold Sugar Refining. H S. Sternberger G0OO
bought Manhattan. Halle Stiegtz bought 5000
Chicago. Burlington and Quincy. Weaver. Harris
& Co Q.O0O bought Brooklyn Rapid Transit. ]. W.
Davis & Co. bought Sugar Refining; III. T. Imbrie
and Ii. Content e. Co. sold Seymour Johnson &
Co. q 000) sold American Tobacco.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1900-01-07
4Y IhIDUNE. 0UNDAI. JANUAnI
WALL STREET AND EXCHANGES.

OUTSIDE SECURITIES MARKET-The market
opened dull, closing quiet Standard OIL closed at
4S94a4sO1s against 4s1a492 Friday Last prices Of
other prominent issues were: Havana Commercial.
1885, Bay State Gas. 1A41s; Pump. 151sq17; pre-
ferred. 62g55; Markeen Copper. 61a47A; Amalga-
mated Copper Sfl51S5: Amsterdam Gas. 2s1kd24h;
preferred 471aG4Ss: Rubber Goods 2ea3o; preferred
1880 Dstilling of America, sass; preferred 2s119
27a; sloss-sheield sOGss preferred, ssq1; Storage
Power 14Q14k.
BANK CLEARINGS-Bank clearings for the
week for all cities show a gain OF 81 per cent over
1893. The increase 1897 is 2s6 per cent, and
the excess 1896 Is ST. per cent. Outside Of
NewYork the increase compared with 1893 is rs
per cent. The gain 1897 is 225 per cent. and
the excess over 1896 reaches 431 per cent. For De-
cember the gain over December. $685. IS per
cent.
SHORT INTEREST IN 'B. r, T"-There were
indications OF large short interest in Brooklyn
Rapid Transit at the Consolidated Stock and Pc
troeum Exchange yesterday. The stock loaned at
Lilo premium there
STOCK EXCHANGE NEws-The Committee on
ferred stock will be ex-rights January %, and
that assignment OF or due bill for rights must be
given until that date. Rights must be settled for
on February 20. 1t rules that sales OF Commercial
Gable Will be ex-rghts January 10; all previous
sales must carry due bill for rights. Rights must
be settled on January Is. Membership posted for
transfer-George F. Brown. jr. to Leroy Frost
Archibald A Watson TO John Howard Gray.
FOREIGN ADING.-London sold stocks in the
local market, putting out about 1900 shares OF
various issues. The heaviest dealings in Bal
tmore and Ohio and the Pacific Issues.
OFFERS TO INVESTORS-P. j. Goodhart &
Co. offer to investors choice selection OF bank
and trust companies stock Goldman Sachs &
co. offer TO investors selection OF high grade
railroad bonds, advertised in another column.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1900-01-07

THE Engineering and Mining Journal in its an
nual statistical number. says that the preliminary
statement of mineral production in the United
States in 1899 shows that the total production OF
metals in the United States for that year was
valued at the place of production at sil35s.44 as
compared with 1914 $40 in 1885, OF non-metallic
substances the total value Of the output was $780,
s2 ss1 as compared with s4S3 go III 1888. Deduct
ing certain unavoidable Implications, such as coal
used in coke iron in pig iron, etc, the net
value OF the mineral production reached the great
sum of 1891 424 Os2 showing increase OF SlS co.,
Ss2 over 1898. The gold production was valued at
ST. 4S3 O55 and the silver 6l7S,6Ss ounces The
most important item coal, the total Of which
in 1899 was no less than 2445Sl25 TONS the largest
quantity ever mined in year, and putting the
United States for the first time ahead OF Great
Britain as a coal producer. The pig iron was a.
45S tons. 1S75.51s tons greater than In 1898
Copper production amounted to .6s7 pounds
gain OF II per cent over the previous year. Other
Important Items $4,000 tons Of lead, 1851 40
zinc. 81 04S 100 harrss OF petroleum l51st 5l
barrels of ceplen gsNfs 7s4 barrels of salt S,5lS
TASKS qui cJ.siver besides great variety of
mineral products 6f5.lsss Importance. The wnole
statement: renewed testimony to the great extent
and W.. Iety OF our mineral production.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1900-01-07
CONDITION OF TRADE.

6radstreets' says THE business world has
marked time this week, pending the results Of an
nuai stocktakings and the passing away of the
hohuay ihhuehces. which usually make for QUIET
ness at this period. Aside from the stranvtha
ing or values OF number OF staples such as
cereals provisions and cotton. which are specu-
iatiVely Dealt In, there has been no decided movs
meht FORWARD out on the other hand. the strength
OK all o'ner staple values points 20 there having
been no backward steps taken. All ob,a,nab1s
reports as to last years business confirm earlier
advices IN these columns. while perceptibly in
creasns the confidence with which the business
world looks forward to the current year. Perhaps
the most notable movement among leading staples
is that developed In hogs and hog product. hst,sr
realization apparently being had of the features
making for strength In those products nstabls
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1900-01-07
ANTHRACITE ROAD AFFAIRS

The Delaware and Hudson Company according
to an Albany dispatch, will issue 100000 bonds
for equipment purposes, a.5OOOOO representing car
trust receipts and $500 900 debentures Some moor
y INFORMED people were disappointed because
Delaware and Hudson did not Increase its dividend
and they doubtless will be further disappointed IL
Jersey Central fails TO raise it's rate tomorrow
Jersey Central pays per cent. and while It's net
earnings increased last year about 81 100000 il Is
not thought likely in well informed circles that
an increase IN the dividend will be made at this
period, Reading first preferred Is earning at a
rate of over per cent. and 1t is more than likely
that 1t Will be placed in the dividend column this
year. ~
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1900-01-07
AMERICAN SECURITIES ABROAD.

London Jan. 8. p. m.-Amercan securities
huctuated somewhat after steady opening and
then declined. Prices showed general weakness
following sales for GEL many and fears OF political
complications. The closing weak with sellers
predominating Last prices Canadian Pa
cfc s3h Erie III; Erie first preferred 49, Illinois
Central, lax: Union Pacific preferred. 76A: 81.
Paul 120%; New-York Central. 1891 Pennsylyania-
STU: Reading sA: Northern Pacific preferred. 74Ts;
Atchison 1874: Louisville and Nashville s0s: Ana
conda- 81 and Grand Trunk. IA
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1900-01-07

DOMESTIC EXCHANGE-New-Or Orleans = Com
mercial, 75c discount: bank, par. San Francisco
Sight, 1242c telegraph, 15c. Cncinnati-Over the
counter. soc premium; New-York exchange firmer
at 1Oc premium. Savannah-Buying, &c on sell
ing. par. Charleston-Buying, par; selling, &c
premium. Boston-1Oc, 15c 2Oc and 16 2-3c discount
Chicago-2Oc premium. ST. Louis-25c discount.
FOREIGN MONEY MARKET.-Cau money IN
London, per cent. Open market discount rate
for short bills, Az per cent, and for long bills, 40
4A per cent. Berlin discount rate, 5h per cent
Berlin exchange on London 20 marks 50 pfennigs
Paris exchange on London, % francs "a centimes
Paris discount rate, Az per cent
FOREIGN NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS. consols for
money SO 1916 for the account, 9S 1915 French
rentes. SO francs 621a confines. Spanish As, 64@.
THE SILVER MARKET.-Bar silver Sc Mex
ican silver dollars. 47l4c. Bar silver in London
271sd.
GOLD PREMIUM.-In Madrid 1855; Lisbon 400;
Buenos Ayres 12S 80; Rome 7171b
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1900-01-07
GAINS IN DECEMBER EARNINGS.

THE Financial Chronicle" computes the gross
earnings of seventy-one roads for the third week
OF December at 49, 49, O5 increase OF SS25 $40
eos per cent; forty roads for the fourth week of
December at SS.SO3.4O6. increase of $146.4C2 or
163 per cent; forty-nne roads for the month of
December at s2sS76645. increase OF 50 OOs45O or
721 per cent Earnings received yesterday for
the last week of December and month showed the
following changes compared with the same time
g year ago:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1900-01-07
SHIPMENTS OF GOLD.

The total amount of gold exported on the Ger
manic yesterday was S35OOOOO The engagements
announced on Friday aggregated 81 $50 00o and in
cluded 81 100000 to be shipped by Goldman Sachs
& Co. which amount at the last moment re-
duced to $4,000. and $4,000 to be forwarded bv
Muller Schall 81 Co, who did not after all ship
any gold
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1900-01-07
RAILROAD RECEIvERsHIPs IN 1892

There were no important railroad receiVe'sl.'S
in the last year. that OF the hans"S -
Pittsburg and Gulf and that was not one y,
,root significance In 1898 nearly thirty Thousand
miles of railroad went into receivers hands "hie
IN 1899 the total was only 1Ols miles. OF whleh t
Kansas CITY Pittsburg and Gulf supplied isz i'eS'
THE Railway Age has compiled the lOlo"'"s
tables showing the receiverships for the year ana
for every wear 1876:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1900-01-07
MONEY AND EXCHANGE.

MONEY RATES.-Money CALL per cent. The
time money market was quiet at 6 per cent for
sixty days per cent for three. four and six
months railroad collateral. and above mixed
collateral Commercial paper rates were 6hq5
per for the best for three. four and six
months. Paper well known ruled higher
FOREIGN BXCHANGE-Market firm. Actual
cio rata
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1900-01-07
THE DAYS OPERATIONS IN BONDS.
GOVERNMENT BoNDs.-Market steady. Final

RAILROAD BONDs-Market irregular. Total
sales amounted in par value to sss3,7o0 against
s. 1900 Friday The heaviest dealings were in
the Atchison Issues. Baltimore and Ohio sAs Cen
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1900-01-07

trail Pacific 3i.s and Is. Chesapeake and Ohio 41bs
Chicago. Rock Island and Pacific As, Colorado and
Southern LIST As Missouri. Kansas and Texas I'd
As Reading general Is. Southern Pacific A. South
Railway LIST IS, Union Pacific Is and wabash
debenture BIS.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1900-01-07
STOCK VALUES LOWER.
RENEWED FOREIGN SELLING.
BANKS. HOLDINGS INCREASE BONDS
AND MONEY

Closing prices yesterday Of the principal active
securities and net changes from Fridays last
prices were:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1900-01-07
SUMMARY sisinesf'' OF REcErvERsH1ps FOR INVENT
FOUR YEARS.
MINERAL PRODUCTION IN 1899.

Totals for .wsntytaur years els 1l21o $500 900
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1900-01-07

Saturday, Saturday. Net
Dec. 80. Jan. 9. change,
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1900-01-07

Eek dividend TEX 10 .. =
BANK STOCKS.
reported by Clinton Gilbert. No ? valIs,) y
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1900-01-07

TOTAL in preceding week. 1850 As.
.Ex dividend.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1900-01-07

STREET RAILROADS IN OTHER CITIES
Gseported by C T. Hudson & Co.. 81 80 wal-st)
BONDS.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1900-01-07

Decrease
Twice-a-week plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1895-1913, 1900-07-13
CHINESE NABoBs IN MANILA.
In Elegance to Those OF
Europeans.

In the better residence quarter Of
Manila there are several stately man
sions, built and occupied by China
men, that are the equal of the finest
that Europeans inhabit. One of these,
in particular, is used for the barracks
Of two companies Of the Thirty-sixth
infantry, says the New York Post. A
lawn, filed with palms, surrounding
large fountain, lies in front OF the
house, while beyond the narrow pas
sage leading through the inner court,
spacious back garden replete with
flower beds and gravel walks slopes
down to the swiftly-running Pasig.
The paving Of the court is Of marble
blocks, and the stairs leading up to
the living-rooms are of the same mate
rial. Upstairs, the sides of the main
hall are lined with French plate mir
rors that extend from the inlaid hard
wood floor to the ceiling. The owner,
who leased the house to the govern
ment, left fine grand piano for the de-
Fectation of the soldiers when of duty.
Many deliberately carved pieces Of fur
niture were found stored in one Of the
rooms, besides tapestries and paintings
that would delight the eye of con-
noisseur. A large bathroom and an
extensive kitchen, provided with cook
ing apparatus of the latest American
design, composed the rear rooms. Ev-
erything that could be desired to make
life comfortable in tropical climate
was in evidence.
Twice-a-week plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1895-1913, 1900-07-13
WHY NO WINGS.
The Extraordinary emery of a Gush-
ing Lady Orator and Its
Rude Answer.

remember once in a society to which
! belonged Lady lecturer of the gush-
ing order read paper in which she
was very adverse to the theory of be-
neficent Providence, says writer in
Nineteenth Century. why" she
asked, "are we without wings, if all
this omnipotent love directs the course
of the universe? Why have not been
furnished with wings wherewith I
might fly to the ends of the earth to
my loved ores?" There was discus.
sion after the paper, when dry old
one-eyed philosopher made this pithy
speech: "Mr. Chairman, our lecturer
this evening complains because Provi-
dence has given her no wings. I think
she has a cause of complaint, but she's
got hold of the wrong one. Her true
complaint is because she's got no
brains" The hit, though rude, went
home with uproarious effect. It was
in measure deserved, and yet saw
with regret how ready is the average
audience to jeer at woman's capacity.
To me it seems sorry sort of gallantry
which at the opera door waits as squire
of danes with cloak and wrap, and then
in some smokeroom raises sardonic
laugh by suggesting that idiots are
fewer among women because so little
noticeable; yet that is tone of con-
versation which, in q greater or less
degree, the bulk of men very often al
low themselves to indulge, partly, no
doubt, in jest, yet with meaning In it
none the less,
Twice-a-week plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1895-1913, 1900-07-13

NOT AS RICH AS REPORTED.
Capitalist He Is Generally
Pictured.

One of the South African papers hav.
ing published an exaggerated account
of the worldly possessions of President
Paul Kruger, a London journal has un-
dertaken to get at the truth as to his
wealth. 1t is generally admitted that
the head of the Transvaal rebellion II
the possessor of valuable property, en-.
titling him to the rank of millionaire,
but that his real estate is worth ''be-
tween e19,O00,OO0 and 100000 900"
even the most credulous would be loath
to take in without grain of salt. The
South African paper goes on to state
that The owns $50 freehold farms. many
of them on the Main reef, which he
would not allow to be worked" but tits
to be remembered that there are not
a great number Of farms on the Main
reef altogether. He is, however, known
to have sold one farm for $500 900, He
is said to be the largest land owner in
Rustenburg district, and the. largest
shareholder in the Netherlands rail-
way, dynamite concessions and Hath
erley distillery. This may be true, al
though there Is no confirmation of It.
AS regards his alleged ownership Of
large and valuable estate in Cape
Colony, one in Holland, and also one in
Germany, little is known, but it is gem
orally believed that he has taken care
to invest in property that cannot easily
be touched by the imperial power. He
is credited with having two millions in
German consols, but whatever his hold
ing in that security amounts to there
are no data to go upon, as it is in the
form OF bearer securities, whose own
ership could only be estimated.
Twice-a-week plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1895-1913, 1900-07-13
BOYCOTT IS ON.
strikers ut st. Louis Running Wagons
in Opposition to the Street Cars
Are Well Patronized.

St. Louis. July 11.--There seems to
be no interruption to the traffic on
the lines of the st. Louis Transit com
pany. as the result of the determina-
ton of the former employees 10 resume
striking. The boycott, which hurt
the Transit company considerably
during the recent contest, was on
Tuesday, though not in such force as
formerly, and wagons are again car
rying passengers, especially in the
North and South sides. There has
been no trouble reported.
Donations for the fund to buy wag-
ons for the strikers bus line are
again being vigorously solicited and
bus line headquarters in the Fuller
ton building is Il busy spot.
All the cars are running as usual
with their full equipment of men, the
company having provided itself with
enough men to man it's cars before the
agreement was signed declaring the
strike off. There is a general feeling
of displeasure among the people over
the renewal of the trouble, and the
sentiment is that it was unnecessary
and should have been averted.
Twice-a-week plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1895-1913, 1900-07-13
New York, July 10
Live Stock.

SWSdeO. July ~.
HoGs-Market fairly active and opened
strong and DC higher Later became cas-.
Ter, particularly on heavy lots Sales
ranged at s46o@5. 80 for Pigs. s5sol555 for
light, s515@5 80 for rough packing, $3.50
5.52ls for mixed. and IS s5GD5 so for heavy
packing and shipping lots
CATTLE-Market rather active. Feel
ing was steady Prices unchanged. Quo
extra Steers. SIS lCGD5 40 for good to cohice
do, $4.S0a5l5 for fair to good do, $4,000
a.15 Tor common to medium do. s43Od4. S.
for butchers Steers. $4.SOdp5 so for fed
western Steers. s400@5.OO for feeding
Steers. s2.5o@l 60 for Cows. s35O@5. 90 for
Heifers. So O0Gb4 IS for Bulls and oxen.
S4.oO@4.S0 for Stays, So SOFAS 10 for TEXAS
Steers, and A.5oa675 for Veal Calves.
SHEEP-Market was rather active.
Feeling steady. Prices unchanged Quo.
tations ranged at A.O044.9O for westerns
SS.25q500 for natives. s5.6Oal6 60 for west.
ern Lambs. s5.00@6.5O for native Lambs.
and si5096.6O for spring Lambs.
Twice-a-week plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1895-1913, 1900-07-13
IOWA STATE NEWS.
A LONG SWIM.
A Horse Breaks All Records and His
Strange Actions Attract Con-
siderable Attention.

A horse owned by man in Clinton
hundreds of people who watched the
animal from the shore, as it remained
in the water long enough to attract
considerable attention, expected to see
the brave horse give up the struggle
and sink beneath the waves. The
horse deliberately jumped into the
river at the Lyons high bridge and
swan to Joyce island about a mile
downstream. After remaining there a
few minutes it again plunged into the
Mississippi and headed downstream
straight for Willow island, two miles
distant. When it had gone about half
the distance it became tired and
turned its course and landed on a
sandbar in front of the city Remain
ing here only long enough to get it's
breath, it again made dive into the
father of waters and for the second
time started for Willow island Again
the animal tired and headed for Lit
tie Rock island, where it remained a
few minutes, then swan to Willow is
land. its first destination. However,
it remained there for only a few min
utes, then started upstream and swan
against the current for a few rods,
headed past Little Rock island and
continued downstream, passing be-
meath the high bridge at Clinton and
on under the Northwestern railway
bridge, where the current is exceed
ingly swift, and never stopped until
it reached Beaver island, a mile and a
half further downstream. The horse
was then ferried to shore and was
taken home by its owner. Altogether
it swan over five miles, and no reason
can be assigned for its strange ae-
tions,
Twice-a-week plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1895-1913, 1900-07-13
SHORT SPECIALS.

Tho democrats Of the First Iowa dis
trict Tuesday nominated D. j. O'Connell,
of Burlington, for congress.
In New. York city the members of the
Brotherhood Of Tailors, who are said
to number some 1900. are again getting
ready for a general strike.
Three bodies of victims of the Inflated
yacht Idler, which foundered ten miles
from Cleveland, o., during a terrific
squall last Saturday, were recovered
Tuesday.
Gen. Macarthur cabled the war depart
ment that the Fourteenth infantry and
the Fifth artillery will leave on Friday
for Taku. Other troops are being sent
to replace these
The National Association of Labor COM
missioners convened in annual session
at the Hotel Pfister, Milwaukee, Wis.
Carroll D. Wright, president of the as
ISOLATION, opened the convention.
The twenty-first annual meet of the
League of American Wheelmen had
Its formal opening in Milwaukee in
the way of receptions and other enter
tainments Tuesday. The races begin
Thursday.
The death is announced at Hamilton,
Ont, of DR.. Charles F. Mcdonald, aged
II years. While connected with the post
office department in Washington the
postal money order system was organized
through his efforts.
AT Walnut, ILL.,, fire destroyed the opera
house, Dennis, West & Co.'S grain ele-
vator, the bank building. the Burlington
depot, two blocks of stores and several
smaller buildings. The loss is estimated
at 100000 to $4,000, partially insured.
The Campana Transatlantic Espanola
steamer Leon KILL, for Cadiz, Barcelona
and Genoa, took out from New York a
complete cargo of general merchandise.
The agents of the line are pleased with
the prospect of business increasing with
Spain.
AT Niagara Falls Chicago won the
Brooklyn trophy by the closest score in
the history of the American Whist league
The westerners were tie with New
York, but on the highest score by play
ers Chicago had 20 plus while New York
was 10.
The annual convention of the Window
Glass Cutters League of America be-
gan in Cincinnati Tuesday, with 80 dele
gates present. The most important BUSH
ness to come before the convention will
be the arrangement of the wage scale
for the ensuing year.
George A. Morse, an aged and absolute
ly helpless patient in the Agnews insane
asylum, San Francisco. was slowly boiled
to death in a bath in the mems ward
OF that institution. He was placed in
bathtub and after the hot water was
turned on the attendant left the room
for towel, forgot his patient and did
not return until the imbecile was fatally
burned
Twice-a-week plain dealer. (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa) 1895-1913, 1900-07-13
uti1nnder. In An.tr.,,.

Except that it is free from the com
plication OF race difficulties, The condi-
ton of affairs in West Australia pre-
sents a curious parallel to that which
has existed in the Transvaal. There,
too, the old agricultural population is
contending fiercely against the influx
of modern mining immigration. These
newcomers, like the Transvaal uit-
landers, have issued manifesto
invoking the aid of their fellow cit
liens OF the British empire" against
"grievous oppression" in the way of
excessive taxation and inadequate rep
resentation,-