davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Weekly independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 1887-1914, 1900-11-30
IT. A WONDERFUL GUN.

recent issue OF the London
Globe contained some data about the
new French gun whose secret ap
pears to have been gotten ont. The
Globe says:
Tho new French gun about Which
there appears to be so much mystery
has been tried at the muncuvers in
Chalons. and description of it will
he interesting, although the French
press has kept silent about IT. The
model is known as No. 10. and is con.
structcd on the Duport system,
which has already been largely
adopted on French men.of.w war. The
gun is made of nickled steel, and it
closes with a screw.
The gun carriage has, first,
hydru-pneumatIc brake nnd, second,
Il powerful spring. Both act simulta-
nrously, and affect the recoil in such
n manner that once the end oi the
carriage has been fixed into ground
the piece remains absolutely station
ary and stable.
Two men a:s required To serve
each piece, and they are seated on
each side of the gun; the left hand
man charges and closes the gun. the
one on the right points and fires
They are protected by sheets Of steel
fixed on each side OF the mouthpiccc
and capable Of resisting Il plated
lead bullet woIghing piS onnces
travelling at the rate Of over !, 500 feet
a second.
-rIe gun Is mounted on n cradle
capable uf being turned around
vertical asis. This enables not only
a change in position for pointing
without touching the butt. but fCr
quick fire with shrapnel the position
can be gradually changed, similar to
that OF the Maxims. Thus one
single gun can be made to cover a
field equal to many acres.
Fifteen shots can be frod
minute, but at Chnlons u blank
shots we're made minute. Nat.
urally there il less rccoil with blank
shot than with a normal charge and
shell. The ammunition chest il fixed
wheel Tor wheel with the gun. and
not behind it, as in the Did models
50 and 90. The man serving the gun,
who at the same time adjusts the fuse.
stands covered by the chest when the
piece Is in action; the front OF the
chest is also protected by steel
plate.
"TwO kinds OF proicctiles are used:
4 melinito shell for stationary
objects, walls and houses, and,
second, Il steel shrapncl charge at
the back. The shrnpnel shell con-
tains 80 to 800 balls, in exploding at
Chalons set up such thick clouds OF
smoke as clTec!ually to prevent the
enemy from aiming
Weekly independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 1887-1914, 1900-11-30
To pin bad luck drive a rusty nail in

To pin bad luck drive rusty nail in
the front doorstep.
Never let the moon shine on fresh
meat; il brings had luck.
II YOU are walking or riding along
ard see "A mist rising from ;hc ground
ii is sign OF the presence Of spirits
II YOU meet IA stranger in the road
you must turn round, make cross
mark and slightly change yo,r- direc.
ton for good luck.
llorscshucs, when nailed on doors
or posts for good luck, are placed
with the round part uppermost. Nc
witch or evil spirit can enter when
they are so nailed.
II is bad tuck 10 sweep the dirt out
Of house NJ night: sweep it up into
corner and sweep out in the. day
time. II ol,.red to sweep il out at
night, take Il coal Of fire and throw it
first in front Of you.
Weekly independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 1887-1914, 1900-11-30

rherc IL no pleasure IN life II you
dread going to tho tablo to ont md
oan't rest at night on accOuns Il indi.
Restion. Henry Williams. Of Boon.
vile, Ind, says be suffered TINT way
for yenre, till no commenced tho use
Of Kodol Dyspepsia euro, and adds,
snow can cat anything ] like md
all want and eleop sonndly oyory
night KodOl Dyspepsia Cure will
diRest what you cat. Elko Drug Co.
Weekly independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 1887-1914, 1900-11-30
E1l1o, Nevada, Friday, November 80. 1900.
JOINT STATEMENT
or THE
Auditor and Treasurer of
Elko County
For Quarter Ending Sept. 30, 1900.
ATE OF NEVADA, !
COUNTY OF ELKO. o.
AUDITORS OFFICE,

ELKo, Sept. 20. 1900.
To the Honorable Board of County
Commissioners Of Eiko county, New. !;
GENTLEMES:-We herewith submit
our Qarterly Report OF the Finances
OF the county for the quarter ending
Oct. /, 1900.
Respectfully submitted,
&. 4. WATKINS. Auditor.
y. q. DAwLEY, Treasurer.
Weekly independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 1887-1914, 1900-11-30

n. y. Gu'dagger, at Jones' old
stand, 10 prepared to do blnc ksnith.
ing in all OF its branches at prices 10
suit tho tmea. Horse shooing and
wagon work specially. All work
guaranteed. Take your work to Mr..
Guldaggcr's chop IL you want II done
we'll and Mt reasonable prices.
Weekly independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 1887-1914, 1900-11-30
Scynda's Population.

According to tho figures given out
by tho census Office, the population of
Nevada il ~, ,33j ns against 45,7Gl in
1890. Following is tho population by
Weekly independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 1887-1914, 1900-11-30

Bring your job Work to the ISpE.
PENDENT Office. Low priooe.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1900-04-24
THE VALUE OF RAPE AS A
CATCH CROP.

Dwarf Essex rape seems to be as
much a success with the farmers Of
the Northwest as at the Minnesota
University farm. Prof. Shaw's re-
ports seem almost beyond belief, but
some of the best farmers are getting
about equally good results. Hon. M.
F. Greely, of South Dakota, speaks
for the sheep at Minnesota Institutes.
And he speaks from 21 years expert
ence. And he is the kind of man all
like to listen to, as he began at the
bottom and worked up. AS he tells
it, his start was with sheep, hens
and 800 of debt He is now GER
tainIy one of the most noted and sue
cessful sheep men in this country.
He sOws rape seed with all crops,
spring wheat, oats, corn, etc. It is
drilled in with the spring grain and
sown in the corn before the last cUl-
tivatiOn. After the crops are re
moved it furnishes a large amount
of fall feed. It lasts until winter, as
the first frOsts do not hurt it mate
rally, nor does a light snow storm.
Mr.. Greedy sOws about ~ pounds of
seed per acre. Some SOW only a
pound, others ~ pounds. The seed
cost here about Z cents a pound last
season, but will probably not be more
than 6 cents this year. Mr.. Greedy
gives the name of friend whom he
induced to SOW rape seed with 100
acres of wheat last year. The man
went West and bought 1000 lambs,
and turned on the field after harvest
ing the wheat The lambs gained
II, 900 pounds while eating the rape.
The cost of rape seed was about $40.
The land had produced its crop Of
wheat and instead of being idle it
fattened 10 lambs per acre between
harvest time and winter, putting an
average Of II pounds onto each one.
That seems like business, dOesn t it?
And ChicagoIbutchers who buy rape
fed lambs report that they sell as
we'll as those that are partly grain
fed, although they may dress away a
little more. Many sheep have been
fattened for market on rape alone,
and have brought the highest prices:
Supt. Gregg says rape is good for
steers until snow comes. Turn them
on only a short time at first, and
when they are well filled with other
food, and when the rape is dry. Be
from Z to 10 days getting them grad
ually from pasture onto the rape; :;
then they can safely stay on it all
the time. Let them have plenty of
water and salt. Be as careful in get
ting sheep accustomed to the change.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1900-04-24
AgriCultu 4.
UPLAND RICE-A PROMISING
CROP FOR NORTH CARO-
LIMA FARMERS.

EDITORS PROGRESSIVE FARMER -
Upland rice should receive a fair
trial from every North Carolina
farmer east of HillsborO Recent
practical tests of this crop in Ala
bama have given yields of over 20
bushels of rough rice per acre. Two
bushels of rough rice make one of
clean rice, besides the bran. The
cleaned seed is worth ON average to
cents per pound. This makes the
crop much more profitable than corn.
Besides the grain rice yields about
two tons of straw per acre in feeding
value, worth nearly as much as baled
timothy, Indeed, it will pay farmers
having river or creek bottoms to
plant rice for hay crop. In this
case the crop should be cut when the
grain is in the milk.
The chief obstacle to upland rice
culture has not been the difficulty of
growing the crop, but the lack of
suitable decOrticating machines. But
there are now made several very
satisfactory cleaning machines suit
able for farm use or griSt mills. These
cost from $3.50 for hand-pOwer ma
chimes to 5000 for horse or water
power machines capable of cleaning
900 to 5000 pounds per day. The
Department of Agriculture hopes to
arrange with several manufacturers
of rice-cIeaning machines to exhibit
these in October at the next State
Fair In the meantime every farmer
who has a patch of moist land is
urged to try from One-quarter to one
acre of rice this year.
The best variety for upland cul-
ture is the Carolina White Seed. 1t
requires about 10 pounds of seed to
SOW one acre in drills Is or 20 inches
apart The seed should be sOwn as
soon as possible after May 1st. If
the land is not rich. the crop should
receive stable manure or a CONNER
ciul fertilizer rich in nitrogen, but
Door in phOsphOric acid. Cotton seed
meal alone is a good fertilizer for
rice
Rice seed can be bought of any
commission house in Wilmington. n
g. The Department has no more
seed for distribution this year.
Wake Co., n. c.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1900-04-24

forage crops, has been abandoned,
owing to the hand labor called for to
keep it clear of weeds during the
first two months of it's life, when it
remains but little larger than crab
grass.
Milo maize, Kaffir corn, pearl millet
and the DOuras have also had to give
way to king Corn" Sacaline gave
an enormous growth, but has the
disadvantage of being very sensitive
to frost and of not being liked by
any kind of stock. InOtice that the
seed catalogues now, in mentioning
its good qualities, take care to say
''are said to be- eaten by stock. The
fiat pea or Lathyrus sylvertris proved
a much better crop than the above,
but required too much labor to get
started. Hungarian and German
millet are grown regularly here for
soiling, as we'll as for dairy cattle
and to fill out any shortage in the
hay crop. making in moist soil heavy
yields, but they are, in common with
crimson clover, safe food only for
cattle.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1900-04-24
LIGHTNING RODS.

Much valuable information on this
subject is compressed in little space
in this paragraph from Wallace's
Farmer:
We have no doubt that a good
lightning rod, properly erected, pro
tects a building against lightning,
By a good lightning rod we mean d
rod Of iron, or a strip of copper, with
it's lower end in moist ground or in a
we'll or cistern, in close connection
with the building, with no glass in
sulators, and terminating in a sharp
point on the ridge several feet above
the comb of the building, and prop
erly stayed. This rod may be of
quarter-inch round iron, or it may be
a copper ribbon, or it may be of sew
eral smooth or barbed wires twisted
together, in all cases nailed to the
building and terminating in one or
more sharp points at the end, with
connection with permanently moist
ground. This is a lightning rod, and
we would feel quite safe in any build
ing thus rodded. The mistakes that
men make in erecting lightning rods
are in not having moist ground con
nection, in using glass insulatOrs to
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1900-04-24
SEEDS THAT ARE GOOD.

EDITORS PROGRESSIVE FARMER -
Quality and quantity of seed de
-ermine the harvest fully as much as
culture or any other part of the farm
work. This should not be neglected
N any way. 1t is better to cultivate
ever acres and have plenty of good
seeds than to try to handle Il farm
700 large for thorough seeding and
.ultivating. This is the foundation
If success in all kinds of farming
II l. true also in business, and is
--r~ely summed up in the slang
phrase: Don't bite off more than
You can chew" Very often it is
ambition that makes one attempt to
cultivate more than he can do justice
-, and this commendable quality
should not be discouraged. Still,
ambition in every line must be con-
-rollcd and directed wisely, and in
some cases it needs to be actually
9r5rd and checked.
SCAT the start of the new season
I rowing, make your plans such
..t they cannot miscarry. Measure
..- the amount of work each acre re
.5ro~. and then decide how much
a"'r and expense you can devote to
III" farm. In this way intensive cul-
-rc can be given without conflicting
With any part of the farm life. In
selecting the seeds the same rules
. business should apply. Quality
""~t come first in the selection of
I'll. seeds, and if you cannot be as
'.r"l of this 90 elsewhere to buy the
seeds. Good varieties adapted to
...r soil and to the markets should
" considered first, and then the
-rro~ from which the seeds came.
-."F termination often comes from
.r ~.Tl. bad cultivation and neg
INIT more often on good farms
IS ..-" to poor seeds. We are often
compelled to take the word of the
.~'aan for the quality of our seeds,
~ Il " dealer once proves unreli-
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1900-04-24

If a boy is so worked on the farm
that when he gets out with other
boys and learns how they enjoy life
and have their little seasons of innO-
cent amusement he feels like a bird
out of the cage, there is little wonder
that he gets tired of the farm; he
will seek something either better or
worse. Whether the boys remain on
the farm or not is a question with
which parents have to deal, and it is
in their power to make the farm
home so attractive and dear to them
that they will manifest no disposition
to desert it.-Dean Davenport,
Champaign. III.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1900-04-24

able punish him by strictly avoiding
him the future.
The matter of quantity of seeds to
the acre is often a deciding factor.
Some farmers in order to economic
a little in seed scant the amount gen
orally recommended to the acre.
This is false economy just as much
as sowing too much to the acre is a
wasteful practice. Sow to each acre
the full amount consistent with
large yield. More or less than this
is waste and pecuniary loss.
JAMES RIDGwAY.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1900-04-24
EXPERIMENTS WITH FORAGE
CROPS.

EDITORS PROGRESSIVE FARMER =
Bulletins No. 13O, of New Jersey,
and No. 53 (new series) of Louisiana,
both treat of forage crops.
For the past three years the New
Jersey Station has made study of
forage crops with view to gaining
definite information as to the adapta-
bility of the soil and climate of the
State for the different crops used for
this purpose and their usefulness for
sOiling. In all of the experiments
acre plots were used rather than
smaller areas, and the yields recorded
of the different crops are the average
of those actually harvested and fed
during the three years, in order that
the results may represent what may
be expected in actual practice. The
results of the three years expert
ments are here given, together with
a discussion of the methods used in
seeding, the cost of composition of
the fertilizers applied, as we'll as the
cost, composition and feeding value
of the product.
The results of these investigations
prompt the following general sug-
gestiOns:
The forage crops that have been
we'll adapted for complete soiling sys-
TENS are rye, crimson clover, red
clover, oats and peas, corn, COW peas,
soy beans, Japanese millets and bar
ley and peas.
OF these crops, rye, crimson clover,
oats and peas and the millets furnish
food more economically than the
others.
In the forage rotation system now
in use, one acre produced in one year
sufficient rOUghage to provide the
necessary amount for an equivalent
of 81 COWS for six months.
Anintensive system of soiling crops
is exhaustive of the fertility ele-
ments. The practice should be ac-
companied by Il liberal application of
manures and fertilizers.
Complete sOiling is entirely prac-
ticable-that is, green forage crops
may serve as the sole food of a dairy
herd, without injury to the animals,
and at a considerable saving in the
cost of milk.
Where complete soiling is not prac-
ticable, it will pay to grow forage
crops to supplement pasturage dur
ing drouth or shortage due to other
causes, and thus provide a sufficient
and continuous supply of food from
the farm.
The Louisiana bulletin states that
an enormous quantity of hay is an
nually imported into Louisiana to
feed the stock of planters and farm
ers. With the prevailing low prices
cotton, sugar and rice this impOrta-
ton can scarcely be afforded from an
economical standpoint. 1t can hardly
be justified at all from an agricul-
tural view, when it is remembered
that nearly one half of this State is
of alluvial origin, low-lying and ex-
tremely fertile-receiving an album
dant rainfall, generally well dis
tributed throughout the year, with
mild winters and prolonged summers
almost perfect conditions for the
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1900-04-24
RALEIGH. N g.. April, "a. 1900

growing of grasses and other forage
crops.
The remainder Of the State, while
classed as uplands, is really of water
origin, varying in elevation from
few to 300 feet, of moderate fertility,
and subject to a good annual rainfall,
and possesses characteristics which
permit of the growing of hay and
forage crops with great success. Ber-
muda, crab grass, some varieties OF
paspalum, lespedeza and false fox
tail grow with great luxuriance over
the entire State, affording most eX-
cellent grazing, and, if desired, large,
crops of hay of good quality. To
these add our COW pea, which is
largely grown in every section of the
State either as a soil restorer or a
food crop, or both, and really there
is no necessity of importing another
hay crop to feed the stock of LOuisi-
ana. But our soil and climate permit
of the successful growing of a large
number of foreign forage crops,
grasses and clOvers, provided they
are rightly planted upon well-pre
pared soils and intelligently cult
waited and utilized.
A large number of these have been
under trials at all of the State Elk
pertinent Stations, especially at the
botanical gardens of Baton Rouge,
and the following pages are given. as
results of these experiments. While
a very large number of plants have
proven adaptable to every section Of
the State, a gOOdly number have
superior merits, while a few are par
excellence the crops from witch our
hays should be made and our stock
supplied with pasture. These are
described in detail for the guidance
of those contemplating trials. 1t
should be remembered that all grasss
and clOvers coming from a temperate
cline should be SOwn in this State in
the fall to insure best results.
This Louisiana bulletin is quite
full and comprehensive, and is divided
into four parts. Part l treats of
grasses, thirty-seven in number, in
Guiding five sorghums. Part2 treats
of leguminous crops, including four
COW peas and twenty nine others.
Part treats of hay and forage crops
other than grasses and legumes. Part
/ treats of twenty economical plants
not used for hay or forage, such as
canaigre, flax, jute, chicory, ramie,
tea, etc.
1t is a very valuable bulletin for
farmers in the Gulf States, and is
profusely illustrated by photogravure
cuts Of many of the plants treated of.
J. L. LADD.
Bay City, Tex.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1900-04-24
No IL

Stock not used to rape may bIoat if
given all they want at first, the same
as they do on clover. Mr.. Gregg also
sows rape seed in corn and with
wheat. He says it is not best to pas
ture 1T too closely. Better have sew
eraI fields and change stock as soon
as 1t IS eaten moderately close. Or
II your fields are not fenced YOU can
do as he dOes-have portable fences
for sheep that can be readily moved
from time to time. He says a 36-inch
wire netting fence is ample to keep
sheep in when on rape, although it
might not keep them out after they
got used to eating it. He has this
fence fastened on stakes in convent
ent length for rolling up, stakes and
all. Two men can move a large
amount of it in a day. When steers
are eating rape they are fed corn on
the stalk, too, in nearby pastures.
Mr.. Greedy. says it may be best to
feed sheep some grain, too, when
they are eating rape, although they
do we'll on the green feed alone.
Prof. Shaw says that in average
seasons and on fertile soils, rape
sOwn as above will do we'll. but there
is more certainty Of obtaining good
pasture when the rape is sOwn alone.
Rape can be sOwn with barley and
rye as well as with oats and spring
wheat. There will be a better chance
for rape to do we'll with barley than
with oats, as there is less dense leaf
growth to shade the crop. Prof. S.
advises from one to two pounds of
seed per acre for use with spring
grains. Rape may be sown on fall
grain when the ground becomes dry
enough in the spring to go onto with
a team. Sow the seed and harrow in
lightly. On light soils this may cover
the seed too deeply, so be careful. A
weeder, perhaps, would be better
than harrow on such land. Prof
Shaw advises covering very lightly .
in corn and using plenty of seed. OF
course, the amount OF pasture you
will get will depend on how much
the corn shades the ground, how rich
the soil may be and the amount of
rainfall in the autumn. Some years
you may get little or nothing, but
you do not risk much. Rape seed
may be sOwn broadcast ahead of the
drill in spring, when grown with
small grain, leaving the drill to cover
it. IF it does not cover enough "a
harrow can be used. I have given
the most careful directions to be OBJ
tanned, but every beginner better go
slow until he learns what the plant
will do on his soil and has some ex-
perience in growing it. Rape is a
cool weather plant, and the best re
suits may be expected, perhaps,
north of Ohio, but undoubtedly it
can be grown to advantage in more
southern latitude if sOwn so as to
grow in the cool weather Of autumn,
and particularly where the weather
is likely to be moist. Swine can be
pastured on rape as we'll as on clover.
1t is not as good for COWS, as it is in
clined to taint the milk, like turnips.
Horses can be turned on it, but they
and cattle will tramp down and waste
more than sheep do.-T. B. Terry, in
Practical Farmer.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1900-04-24
Bay City, Tex.
THE SILO'S CONSTRUCTION.

EDITORS PROGRESSIVE FARMER -
Under ordinary conditions the silO is
a practical and economical method Of
preserving fodder, but its cOnstruc-
ton one should strive to reduce the
amount of losses to the lowest
possible amount. There are very
few silOs that are absolutely perfect,
that is as air-tight as fruit can or
jar That, however, is what every
one is laboring to do when he builds
one, and tie nearer he approaches
this idea the less will his loss prove.
The more successful we are in keep
ing the air from the body of the fOd-
der after it is cut and stored away
the less likely will it be to decay or
lose any of it's nOurishing qualities.
Leave the fodder exposed to the air
and it dries up, and with the evap-
grafton of the moisture from it a
good deal of the nOlrishing elements
will disappear also. If a small loop
hole is allowed in the silO destructive
fermentation soon begins, and this
can be checked only by shutting out
the air. Cracks and knot holes are
therefore the weak points in every
silo, and more than one large mass
of ensilage have been ruined through
ignorance or neglect of these.
In selecting the corn or other fOd-
der for the silo, it is quite essential
that it should have arrived at a GER
tain stage of maturity. Chemical
changes begin in the silO shortly
after the fodder is put in even if the
place is absolutely air-tight, and
these changes must be allowed for
Fermentation of a certain order must
begin, and the heat Of the mass will
increase so as to cause this. The
more water there is in the ensilage
the greater will these chemical