davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1900-02-03

prices of the minor securities followed
q Jump of 5 points IN Tennessee Coal
to 1914. This stock suffered aeutely
from realization as the day progressed
and ended with gain of but 3H.
Prices of kindred properties were bet
ter sustained, but all relapsed from the
best figures. Fluctuations in Third
Avenue continued to be Of sensational
nature, an early rise to 1o1 being fol-
lowed by break to 81 on liquidation
by interests disturbed by the measures
projected to finance the company's in
debtedness. A rally to $685. occurred
in sympathy with the pronounced rise
of the general market in the late deal
ings. Other local utilities lacked fea-
ture aside from the gas securities,
which, however, did not fully retain
substantial rise. Western railroad
stocks gave the first indication of
strength, and although interest in these
waned somewhat as the other groups
became prominent, they nevertheless
held their extreme rise. Among the
high priced indtstrials, American To-
baceo, People'e Gas and Sugar achieved
a commanding lead occasionally, but
ended with narrow net changes. Pre-
dictions as to the character of to-mor-
rows bank statement we're uniformly
favorable, but the advance statistics
show that the gain In cash from the
receipts from the interior and sub
treasury operations were placed at $2,-
S71,11S, as compared with a net gain IN
the previous week of s6,489,l75.
A reflection of the stock markets
strength was observed in the pond oper-
ations, where the absorption was very
heavy Of the low and midle grade IS
sues. The market was broad and ac-
tive, transactions aggregating a par
value of $780, 900.
United States new As apd IS advanced
u and the rs declined " in the bid
price.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1900-02-03
metal.

NEW YORK, February 2.-Consider-
able regularity existed in the tin de-
artment all day, but other metals were
featureless and quiet. The London
news was largely responsible for the
action of tin here, causing a sharp
rise in the price and leading to in
creased demand from local and West
ern buyers. At the close the Metal
Exchange called pig iron warrants dull;
lake copper unchanged, at Sic 25; tin
unsettled, at S27 ~ nominal; lead I'M
changed, with 81 70 bid and $4 rs
asked; spelter quiet, with 81 70 bid
and 81 so asked. The brokers' price
for lead is 81 40 and for copper SIG %.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1900-02-03


airy 711k@ssc: March 73c asked: May
receipts 64.5s2; exports 151 1886; stock
SIS, 1881; sales 5000 Southern wheat
by sample 65@73c; do on grade $50
re.
Corn, firm; spot and February $40
nc: March 37s@ssc; steamer mixed
36@Ac; receipts Al ,129; exports 3S7,-
27S; stock 1,169 ,541; southern white
and yellow corn 37Q3S.
Oats, firm; No. white 3161ac; No.
mixed 29@hc; receipts 1882.
Hay, firm; No. / timothy SIS 500
Is 90.
Butter, imitation 21@25c.
Cheese. firm.
Eggs, Ice.
PHILADELPHIA February g.
Wheat, steady; contract grade Feb
ruary 71@72c.
Corn, firm, Nc higher; No mixed
February 37%@3Sc.
Oats, unchanged; No. 2 white clip
ped Biz @32c; No. do 3001 ac; No.
mixed do 29@1ac.
Butter, firm, fancy western cream
cry 251a; do prints &c.
Eggs, firm; fresh nearby 19c; do
western 19c; do southwestern 1Sc; do
southern tic.
Cheese, unchanged.
Refined sugars firm, fair demand.
CINCINNATI. Ohio. February a.
Flour firm.
Wheat, firm; No. red 1870.
q a.
Cats. dull; No. 2 mixed 25AQi9c.
Rye dull; No. 2, Gle.
Lard, firmer SIS 10.
Bulkmeats, S. S71s.
Bacon, firm, Sc 60.
Whiskey steady, 81 231a.
Sugar, firm.
Eggs, firm, tie.
Cheese, steady.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1900-02-03

10 Aowever. while hides At Chicago
continue their gradual decline.
The iron and steel industry is 60 far
tied up by contracts reaching through
most of the year that the effect Of pro
ductior exceeding consumption is felt
only in some branches. A little lower
prices have been made for foundry
iron in considerable transactions,
though Bessemer does not yield, but
steel billets are offered by some at
$33 per ton. Differences between pro-
ducers and some of the largest con-
sumers of steel block the market. In
plates and bars concessions are still
made to secure business, in sheet the
demand is stronger and in rails, struc-
tural forms, tin plates and nails
prices are held firmly.
Failures for the week have been 232
in the United States against 224 last
year and "a in Canada against rs last
year.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1900-02-03
A GREAT SUCCESS

Has Been MIR. Bryan's Tour Through
the East - The Big Campaign
Opened.
NEW YORK, February "A special
to the World from Concord, N. H.,
Gays;
At an informal conference held in
Portland between VIM. j. Bryan and
his prominent supporters it was decid-
ed that his eastern trip had proved a
great success and it was resolved that
the trip should be considered as open
ing the great campaign of 1900. Among
those who helped to arrive at this con-
clusion were Mr. Bryan, ex-Gov. Alt
geld, Congres<nan Lentz, of Ohio; Col.
Drinkwater and Col. Charles D. Lewis,
OF Massachusetts, through L. Norris,
member of the national committee
from New Hampshire; Henry D. Nc
Lellan, a prominent Democrat of Bel
fast, Me-; Frederick w. Plaisted, Of
Augusta, son Of ex-Gov. Plaisted, and
members of the State committees of
Maine. Massachusetts and New Hamp-
shire.
The campaign will be renewed imme-
diateiy in the Western and Northwest
ern States. AS soon as Mr.. Bryan ends
his present Eastern trip in New Jer-
sey, next week, he will start for Texas
to rejoin his wife and children. He
will rest for a few weeks and will be
ready for the national battle.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1900-02-03
FINANCE IND TRADE.

NEW YORK, February 2-The
Commercial Advertisers London
financial cablegram: The extreme idle
ness which has characterized the mar
kets during the week was again in
evidence to-day. rices became firm
on yesterdays rumors, but sagged in
the absence of news. Americans were
dull and idle till midday, when they
became strong on German buying and
closed at the best under the influence
of purchases by New York and Ber-
lin, mainly Atchison preferred. The
bank lost 100000 gold to Argentine.
Money was easy with the turn of
the month and release of Mexican
funds.
NEW YORK, February CLOSE:
Cal money easy 2@21s; last loan, 21a.
Prime mercantile paper, 4@5 per
cent
Sterling exchange steady with ac-
tual business in bankers bills at
81 S7h@4 87& for demand, and at
81 S4A@4 S4h for 60 days; posted
rates, 81 IS and 81 $500 SS1a; COM
mercial bills, 81 831a@4 84A.
Bar silver, 60c.
Mexican dollars, 471ac.
Silver certificates, 5915 @601ac.
Government bonds, irregular.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1900-02-03
DRY GOODS.

NEW YORK, February Cotton
goods market without change in prices.
Demand quiet in staples, fair for
prints and ginghams at firm prices.
Print cloths dull, prices unchanged.
Linens are very firm and still scarce.
Burlaps quiet at previous prices. Bust
ness with jobbers active. Some good
orders taken by importers for dress
goods this week, recent advances in
domestic wolens and worsted dress
goods giving them margin in some
staple lines.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1900-02-03
DUN'S REVIEW OF TRADE.

NEW YORK, February 2.-R. G.
Dun & Co.'s weekly review of trade
tomorrow will say:
This year starts with much of the
years business already done, and all
comparisons will prove misleading if
that fact is not taken into account.
Last year the certainty of great i'm
provement had come before the year
opened. and there was a rush to get
In orders before works beanie crowd
ed and prices advanced. This year
the works were already crowded for
months ahead in most lines and prices
had already advanced so far that re-
coil had already commenced in some
branches and was thought probable in
others. With the one exception of
wooden manufacture, the chief indus
tries have met less new business in
January than last year, though de-
liveries on previous contracts have
been larger than a year ago In work
turned out, the past month probably
surpasses all others, and rightly con-
sidered, the fact that new contracts
for works already well supplied are
smaller than last year is not of itself
discouraging. Tho great burst of
speculation last year swelled January
payments through clearing houses far
houn,6 fhOcn nf fhSo o& Mo-
York and such payment at other
cities also averaged per business day
a shade larger than this year. But
a much greater decrease must have
appeared in transactions connected
with formation of new companies.
Wheat rose lie, but soon reacted. At
lantic export only 1.4s65s2 bushels,
aour included. for the week, against
4,942,436 last year, had more influence
than the decrease in Western receits,
which have been for the week 40 per
cent, and for five weeks 40 per cent.
less than last year, while the decrease
in Atlantic exports for five weeks has
been 81 per cent Pacific exports have
been 4,209,390 bushels in five weeks,
against 3,670,S52 last year. The price
of corn is fairly steady, with exports
for the week much smaller than last
year. The Western receipts decrease
much more than the exports. Specu-
lation in cotton has raised the price
to 81 cents without improvement in
demand. The receipts from planta-
lions still fall so far behind last years
that low estimates Of yield are aided.
Wool is rather weaker in some
grades, but stronger in others, so that
the average quotations is steady not
withstanding some sales at concession.
The mills have taken extraordinary
orders for the heavy weight season
without afterward looking for wool
obviously have on hand large stocks,
20 that the market depends upon the
Nsufhctsnoy of the supplies they hold.
Prices Of goods are still rising a lit
tic but are yet relatively lower than
the material. Boot AID shoe manufac-
tarers have passed all records in de-
livu;es nearly 20 pea cent beyond
those OF January last year, but new
orders have been greatly restricted.
Roocnt sales * hemiock sole s pf
rough leather shUr dccAnnl :
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1900-02-03

Cash quotations were as follows:
Flour, steady.
Wheat, spring, No. 8 Csc; No. 2 red
69@7Gc.
Corn, No. 2 s1Ac; No. yellow BIZ
@32c.
Oats. No. 2 23@1sc; No. 2 white,
25%@26Ac; No. 8 white, 241s@251ac.
Rye, No. 2, 541ac.
Barely No. 2, 3S@42c.
Flaxseed No. /, 81 SO; No. l new
81 SO.
Prime Timothy seed 81 %.
Mess pork, per bbl., SO 60@1O IS.
Lard. per 100 lbs, S. $500 90.
Short ribs sides, (loose), SIS 1906 90.
Dry sailed shoulders, (boXed), 5% q
&c.
Short clear sides, (boxed). S. $50
o.
Whiskey, distillers' finished goods
per gal, 81 231s.
Sugars, cut, loaf, unchanged.
Glover. contract grade. IS 40.
On the produce exchange to-day the
butter market was steady. Dreamer
les 1920; diaries 19@22c.
Cheese, steady, 12@13c.
Eggs, steady, fresh, 16@1ac.
NEW YORK, February 2.-Flour,
receipts 1874 bills; exports 16,437
bills; sales $500 packages; neglected
and unchanged.
Wheat, receipts $4,000; exports a.
III bushels; sales 100000 bushels
futures; 5000 bushels export; spot
firmer; No. 2 red 747sc elevator; No.
2 red TIN f. O. b. afloat; No. l North
ern Duluth 1880 f. o. b. afioat prompt,
No. hard Duluth S17sc f. o. b. afoat
prompt; options opened steady, clos
ed strong at 5s@a4c net higher Close
March 76ss; May 747sc; July 74Ae.
Corn, receipts $1,000; exports 49,129;
sales $4,000 futures; 100000 export;
spot firm; No. 2 405sc f. o. b. afoat
and Acc elevator; options opened
opened steady, closed firm at Ac ad-
vance; May closed 39c.
Oats. receipts 1885, 300; exports 1929
bushels; spot steady; No. 2 291zc; No.
3. CSC; No. 2 white 31Ac; No. 8 white
3O1b; track mixed 28h2 @30c; do white
trsck 30014c. Options opened steady.
Feed steady.
Hay dull.
Hops steady.
Hides firm.
Wool steady.
Coal steady.
Beef steady.
Cutmeats firm.
Lard firmer; western steamed IS 3d.:
February Sc 321a nominal; refined
firmer; continent Sc 80; S. A. S. 75;
compound $1,000.
Pork strong.
Butter firm, prime crude 3S1s; do
yellow 3T15c.
Petroleum, steady.
Rosin firm.
Turpentine strong.
Rice steady.
Molasses steady.
Peanuts firm.
Freights to Liverpool steady.
Pig iron dull; Northern $50 00G24 90,
Southern s19 00G24 60. Copper quiet:
brokers SIG 25; exchange s16 rs. Lead
quiet; brokers 81 As; exchange s. 7Od
4 IS. Tin unsettled. straights s27 70
nominal: plates steady. Spelter quiet,
domestic 81 1904 so.
Coffee opened steady unchanged to
points lower and closed firm with
prices 10 points higher TO 5 points
| lower. Sales 23,75e bags.
Sugars. raw strong Refined firm,
but quiet.
BALTIMORE. February Flour
quiet and steady, unchanged. Re-
ceipts $685.; exports 1855.
Wheat, very dull; spot and Febru-
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1900-02-03

E.eetrlc cars Er.dgsPort 70 Wheeling.
Consult Agents Tor best routes and
lowest rates 70 al points
General Passenxsr Aren't
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1900-02-03
O. r. G ss''r a'ss c..

I.20 q. m.--A1GO3lNiOA 10y
For Parkersbura and intermediate
Points.
600 "a. m.--oHIO VALLEY ExPHEss.
Daily e ;sg. Syn Sunday m.ri,...u,.
sistersville, ST. Mary's, Mariet
kersbnrg Ravenswood Aillwoods
Pomeroy PIT. Pleasant, Charloaton,
GaIllpolls Huntington, Kenoya, Irons
ton. Portsmouth, Hiilsboro, Cincin-
nati. and all points south and vest
runs solid to Cincinnati Parlor car.
11.4s a. m.-KENoyA EXPRESS. Daily.
FOR sislersviile, Marietta. Farkers-
burg. Pomeroy. PIT. Pleasant. Charles
ton Gallipolis, huntington. KenoyA
and principal intermediate pointA
Parlor car.
s.45 n. ACCOMMODATION Daily.
For Parkersburg ana intermediate
100 =. m'-ExPREss. Daily except sum
day. ..,.
Marietta, ParkersDurg and lnteTmedtN
ATE points north OF Slstersvlles
L. r. CHALENoK.
Gen. Pass. Agent.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1900-02-03
STEAMBOATS,.

leaving wnarfboat. foot or Twelfth street.
as loilOws.
Steamer VIRGINIA" Robert r. Ag-
new. Master: Dan Lacey. Purs6rs Every
STEAMER KEYSTONE STATE" c. w.
KNOB Master: Will D. kiuble. Purcer.
Every Tuesday al a. m
Master; Robert H Kerr. Purser. Every
Thursday al a. m.
For freight or passage telephone sea-
CR0CKARD & BOOTH.
de16eh Agents
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1900-02-03

Daily: Except Sunday: Sunday or n.
through trains. t. g BURKE.
City Passenger ana Ticket Agent,
Wheeling w W.
AGENT FOR ALL STEAMSHIP LINES
r ID. UNDERWOOD, ID. b. MARTIN
General Manager. Mgr. Pass. Traffic
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1900-02-03

>,opr-. yyFsT SYSTEM - CLEVELAND
4. PITT5BuRG DIVISION.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1900-02-03
WW Pennsylvania stasionA
N IvpnnsuIvdnid LINES.
Iraias Raa BY geaIra lire.

r-,.,,., offices al pennsylvania Citation on
yrsaar street. foot OF Eleventh street.
vreaetfnr ard az the Pennsylvania
station, Bridgeport.
SOUTHWEST SYSTEM HANDLa
SOo ROUTE"
The Saint Paul globe., 1900-02-18

ter became satisfied there was no truth
in the stories of the looting procliVities
of the British, the townspeople welcomed
the invaders as friends
Since the battle of the Modder River
the town has not been garTisoned, but
has been merely used as a hospital depot
When the Beers fired on the British
Wednesday, the townspeople protested.
Although the British shelling yesterday
considerably frightened the women, the
shells were only directed at ridge be-
yond the town, which was intrenched.
The German hospital remains in beau
tifu order. 1t is clean and sanitary. and
the wounded of both sides are equally
well attended
correspondent talked with a number
5 of the Boer. wounded, and they all ac-
knowIedged that the British movements
hai nonplussed the Burgher commanders
Even now, it is added, they are under the
impressien5thaf the sole object was the
capture of Jacobsdal. When informed of
the relief OF Kimberley, they were at first
fncredulouss and then astounded
The landdrist remains in the town.
News has reached here that the Beers
are leaving Magersfontein, and are re-
turning iniadisorganized masses to their
farms Thes ineasion of the Free Safe
has undoubtedly struck a hard blow,
which mayrFesnt in the detection of large
numbers of Frees Staters.
The Saint Paul globe., 1900-02-18
us Lord Roberts had a sem

taken. Thus Lord Roberts had a SEMI
circle around the Boer position at Mag
ersfontein, from Kimberley on the north
to N1odder river station on the south.
and possibly the lire was prolonged from
Modder river station to the northwest, so
that Gen. French might hope by passing
through Kimberley to complete the cir
Gle and Ito enable Lord Roberts to en-
velope and crush Cronje's whole force.
This was the result hoped for The
plan was brilliantly conceived and vigor-
ousiy executed, but Cronje has been able
to evade the blow. When Gen. French
reached Kimberley 1t was found that
Cronje, with the bulk of his force, had
moved Oft toward Bloemfontein, appar-
emily by the Boshof road, or by a Short
er route along the north bank of the
Modder. The laagers and trenches aban-
doned and the convoy captured prove
that Cronje left in haste, and one of Kel-
Iy-kenny's brigades was last reported as
pursuing and engaging the Boer rear
guard. Gen. Kitchener is experimenting
the pursuit, which may be effective
of the First and Ninth divisions, no
mention is made in the cabIegrams, and
the inference Is that part of the British
plans have not been disclosed Perhaps
their plan is to complete the circle on
the west. Perhaps too, they are moving
west to intercept Cronje, though the
mounted Beers cover thirty miles a day,
and nc infantry can catch them. A part
OF the Boer force, however, retreated to
the northwest, toward Barkley, and will
no doubt be pursued.
There can be no doubt that Kimberley
is relieved, and that the railway will
soor be opened. This Is a success, but
the more important result-destruction OF
a part of the Boer army-has not been
secured. 1t cannot be said in the circum-
stances that this is attributed to awk-
wardness in the British generalship,
which seems tc have been excellent" "
There are disquieting features In the
news. The capture by Beers, said 70
have come from Colesberg, Of a large
British convoy, may diminish the mo-
bility of the British force, and is proof
of the Judgment and energy of the Boer
leaders The vigorous attack on the
British post at Rensberg shows that the
Beers mean to reply to Lord Roberts
advance by striking at his communica-
ton
Until the issue of the operations
around Kimberley is fully known, it Is
useless to speculate upon the next move
of Lord Roberts. The fact that Kim,
berley has been relieved and that Cronje
has to make hasty retreat are to the
good side of the account but the fact
that Cronje has not, at any rate UP to
the date of the latest kilograms I have
seen, been well beaten in fight,
is disappointment. The opinion is wide
spread that the invasion of the Free
State will bring the Boer army, or at
least the Free State contingent, out OF
Natal. Upon this point 1 am less SAN
guine than most of the English observ-
ers, even those whose judgment most
deserves confidence, but the news OF
Roberts advance will encourage Whte
and his men to continue their defense
The Saint Paul globe., 1900-02-18
President Entertains.

WASHINGTON, Feb. 1.-THE president
tonight gave a dinner in honor of the
Philippine commission. The guests were:
The speaker of the house, the secretary
of war, the attorney general, the post
master general, the secretary of the navy,
the secretary of the interior, Judge Will
liam H. Taft, Dr. Jacob Gould Schurman,
Admiral Dewey, Col. Charles DENLY.
Prof Dean Worcester, Senators Allison.
Turley, Pritchard, Burrows, Sewell, VOL
colt, Spooner, Ross, Culberson; Represen-
tatives Cannon, Hit, Payne, Grosvenor,
Hopkins, Dalzell, Hepburn, Loud, Mccall,
Cousins William H Moody, Henry d.
Clayton, Landis Silver, Robert L. Henry,
Heatwole, Dick, Hon. John A. Kasson.
Hon. William Whiting, of Massachusetts;
Hon. Charles Allen, assistant secretary of
the navy; Assistant Secretary Cortelyou,
John r. Macarthur and Charles M. Pep
The Saint Paul globe., 1900-02-18
WILL SEE FOR HIMSELF.
Michael Davitt VIII Visit the Trans.
yaaI for Information.

Michael Davitt VIII Visit the Trans
:yaal for Information.
LONDON, Feb. 17.-Michael Davitt,
who resigned his seat in the house of
commons as protest again Great
Britains policy towards the Transvaal.
starts for South Africa next week. In
an interview with representative of the
Associated Press today he said:
my resolve to go to South Africa has
absolutely no political significance, but
my doctor ordered change of climate,
and / am going where everybody's
thoughts are centered to see and learn
what every one wants to know about the
unequal struggle which has been going
on since October. No, matter how the
struggle ends, it will raise the biggest
international problems of this century In
Europe, while the varying fortunes OF
the combatants are certain to exercise q
marked influence on the presidential cleo
ton in America Whether as victor or
vanquished, England is about to face a
momentous crisis, the probable outcome
Of which may radically affect the whole
fabric of the empire. 1 intend to visit
Cape Colony and the Transvaal and
there learn the real facts regard
ing the racial fight between the
British and Afrikanders. The final
issue of the war will have to be fought
out in the Transvaal, and I hope to reach
there before the great old president and
the heroic little republic launches the
blow which is to stagger humanity.
The Saint Paul globe., 1900-02-18

information concerning administrative
features Of the bill, the issue of notes
and other matters of technical nature
relating to carrying out the provisions
of the bill when It should become law
The conferees went over both the house
and senate bills, and 1t was found that
differences exist all along the line. The
house conferees insisted that their meas
ure best met the requirements of the
situation, and the senators were equally
firm In standing by their bill. s
Strenuous objection Is made by the
house conferees to the bimetalic section
of the senate bill, and also oppose the
refunding section of the measure.
The conference did not reach a stage
where any proposition to adjust any Of
the differences was. favorably considered.
1t is not meant that there is deadlock,
because the consideration has not reach
ed that stage. The conference will con-
tinue Monday
The Saint Paul globe., 1900-02-18
LORD ROBERTS CAMPAIGN.
Military Expert Wilkinson sums UI
the British Success.

the British Success.
LONDON, Feb. T.-Spencer Wilkinson
the military expert, reviewing the situa-
ton In South Africa for the Associated
Press, at midnight, says:
Lord Roberts has begun his campaign
by striking at the principal Boer force IN
the western theater of war-that of Com
mandant Cronje, covering the siege OF
Kimberley.
In a little over three weeks Lord
Roberts had completed the organization
of his force He then quietly marched
some $1,000 men, four infantry divisions
and a cavalry division, to the selected
point, reaching Modder River station on
Friday, Feb g. He must have put bis
troops In motion with the least possible
delay, for on Monday the action began.
1t was an attempt to turn the Boer po-
sition by a march around the left, or
eastern flank.
"On Monday Gen. French's cavalry
seized the drifts of the Riet river, SOUTH
east of Jacobsdal, and was at once fol.
lowed Up by two infantry divisions. On
Tuesday the cavalry moved north, and
seized the crossings of the Moddcr river
the infantry following at their heels On
Thursday, when one division of infantry
was Oh the Modder and the other close
behind it, between the two rivers, the
cavalry moved forward toward Kimber-
ley, dispersed the Beers and opened con-
nection with the town. The same day
the troops from the old camp at the Mod
der river station opened communication
with Jacobsdal, which had already been