davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1900-06-15

rhilaA eaphia Plstforn Plank On Expe -
sion " Declare Z Liberal Policy.

~ ~ aSlshia Plstforn Plank On ExpAn-
a " "a sion ~ Declare Z Liberal Policy
CHICAGO, June Is. Walter Wellman,
ths Washington correspondent q the
Times Herald, sends that p'sper the
following dispatch: . /
A n Retention Of the Philippines with
local self government and autonomy
to follow: as rapidly as possible under
American sovereignty IN,
Endorsement Of the admin STATIONS !
general policy OF the government q
our insular possessions as e. smplifiedi
iii the Regulation for Porto Rico and
the appointments OF civil otticlal l''
there, hut without any specific declaHr-
alton of colonialism. /. 5S
.Dennnciation Of trusts and de-
mand for their suppression, accom-
panied by carefully drawn distinct
ion between corporations which are
not trusts or monopolies and .corpor-
atoms which are trusts or monopoiles
in restraint OF free competition.
r ..T hese are the striking features OF
the republican platform to be adopted
by the Plliladelp lia convention.
That platform Is now in writing.
SO far as It's chief sections are con-
cerned. The important planks have
been drawn and polished by such SEN
ators as Allison, Foraker. Hanna
Lodge and Fairbanks and have been
submitted to President McKinley Tor
his approval. !" ss
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1900-06-15
RUSSIA Is DETERMINED.
Evidently Insists ON the Dismembsrmsnt
..E5 sa.s NJ lllalsan.

Evidently 1nslsts ON the Dismembsrmsnt
Of China. f
LONDON, June 10. A special dispatch
from Shanghai says:
IA report has reached here that the
British, American and Japanese min
listers favor the restoration of Emperor
Kwang Su, but that the French and
Russian ministers insist upon the
powers taking charge Of China. Its
further reported that the respective
divisions Of the country have already
been assigned. The belief is that the
withdrawal of the British ships from
Yang Use Kiang is an indication of
Great Britain's disclaimer Of the
sphere theory
Later reports from Tien Tsin con.
firm the news Of the burning OF the
japanese legation, but the rumor that
q minister has been murdered is not
confirmed. Fifteen hundred Russians
with four guns have arrived outside of
Picking. This makes 1000 Russians
who have landed.
st is regarded as certain that the
Japanese government will take active
steps concerning the murder Of the
chancellor of the Japanese legation.
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1900-06-15
SAMPSON GETS THE GLORY.


Court Of Claims Decides That He Cons
1 manded ut Santiago.
WASHINGTON, June 4'-The United
States court Of claims passed upon the
suit of Admiral Sampson and Others
under his command at Santiago for
prize money on account Of the destruc-
ton Of the Spanish feet. The court
declares that Sampson was commander
in-chief and Schley commanding Of
fcer OF a division of squadron thereof,
on duty under orders of Sampson.
The Spanish squadron was found by
the court inferior to the American
force and.a bounty of 800 therefore
awarded for every officer and man
under Admiral Cervern's command.
The total amount Of bounty money
allowed is 3l66, 700, Of which Sampson
will receive 3s,3s5 and Schley about
g, 900. Besides finding that sampson
was in command during the battle, the
court declares that the New York was
among the war vessels engaged.
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1900-06-15
BRITISH DEFEATED J.
Reported Beers Recaptured Bloem.
f0ntein-S teyn Made President.


LONDON, j une 10. According to .
report from Lorenzo Marquee, eWet,
with $4,000 burghers, is marching on
johannesburg. The Beers have re-
taken Bloemfontein, where Steyn has
again occupied the presidency. The
British have sustained severe defeat at
and have also lost $50
killed and wounded and $50 prisoners
in sight Of Vredefort. Nothing from
any other source lends color to these
storieswith the exception of the last,
which is probably the Boer version Of
the disaster to the Fourth battalion Of
the Derbyshires regiment at Roodeval.
In regard to Steyn being at Bloom
Basutoland, dated Monday. June II,
says Steyn was then at Vrede, two
hundred miles from Bloemfontein.
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1900-06-15
BUTLER FORCES a MEX.
Enemy Makes .. Hard Fight and British
Losses are Heavy.

Enemy Makes .. Hard Fight and British
Losses are Heavy.
LONDON, June 13.-The war Office
posts the following dispatch from
Gen. Butler: 4
Headquarters in Natal, June IL
We forced Almonds Mex today. 1t is
not ON the map but is the latest defile
to Charleston fats. The enemy was
in considerable force, with several
guns in position. Brunt Of fighting
fell upon the Second Dorsets, who
carried the position at the point Of
the bayonet, and the Third Cavalry
brigade, who were heavily attacked
on our right from very broken
country round Ikelini mountains.
hope our. casualties are less than 100,
which considering the extreme length
Of the position, is much less than |
expected. The whole attack was di-
rected by Hildyard, whose dispositions
were extremely good. The artillery,
the Tenth brigade, and the Third Cav
airy brigade did most of the work. = .
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1900-06-15

icA.ssi.s ~ NJ ~ zASss NJ sy,sSa-
thias VITA ths neers,
/ LoNDox, June Isl. The Boer g0vNrn-
ment II issuing news cheering y its
sympat hizerA The following bulletin.
the Beer version 81 the disaster % the
Derbyshires, was posted by President
kruger It MaciiadOd0rp: s8sS
1.On June 4 four divisions Of burgh-
ers, commanded BY Steenkamp, FOn-
eran, Duploy, Fourie aud Hell, attacked
the British ut Roodey1l, killed 200,
took roo prisoners and captured inn
mense stores Of food and ammunition
"A Maxim gun and /, 600 lyddite shells
Some food was taken BY the BOer
farmers and the rest was burned. The
English mail was taken. The burgh-
ers, attack from the open veldt and
gave evidence OF unprecedented
bravery. n ~ &;
General De Wet was also fighting on
June 2, whether at Roodeval or else
where is not clear, but the Boer war
Office gives it out that he captured
1900 suits Of clothing. blankets, boots,
gloves, etc. BEING unable 70 carry
them with him in his rapid sweep
through the country, according TO the
Transyaal war Office, he burned the
whole mass. General De Wet has also
reported that he put 1000 British out
Of action and destroyed property val.
ued at e1OO, 900. AS Lord Methuen is
officially described as fighting on June
:, it is possible that he was engaging
General De Wet. ss38
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1900-06-15
KAISER WINS HIS POINT.

Bundesrath Passes Navy Hill to Increase
! Germsny's Navy. q
BERLIN, June 15.-The bundesrath
has approved the navy bill and the
measures providing means to carry out
the projected plans as already passed
by the reichstag. Emperor William,
who is said to be delighted at the re-
suit, has signed the bill, and the
Reichsanzeiger will Immediately pub
lish it, thus making it law. 1t is re-
ported that the kaiser, when news
that the bill had passed was wired him,
exclaimed: Nov we know where we
stand. Atlast there is solid bottom
under ones feet" 5.
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1900-06-15
MURDER A GENERAL
Boxers KIN Yang Lob, who Was Par
leying with Thorn.

Boxers KIN Yang Lob, who Was Par
leying with Thorn. I
\ VICTORIA, B. c., June 13.-The
steamer, Queen Adelaide, from the
Orient, brings q story that six weeks
ago Japan and Russia were close to
war over land Of Japanese trader,
whose removal was requested by Rus
ria At Masampo. War is said to have
been averted by the refusal Of Great
I Britain to act with Japan.
Advices from Shanghai tell Of the
murder Of the Chinese general, Yang
Lob, while parleying with Boxers
near Ting Flu. He was cut down from
behind. y Sl
The French consul at Yarran has
been found to be supplying arms to
rebels in South China, and the Chi;
nese government has asked for his re-
moval. Ia
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1900-06-15

Powers Opening Communities ion.
4, WASHINGTON, June 19.The follow
ing undated dispatch was received at
the navy department. from Admiral
Kempff: u
Secretary of the Navy: The forces
landed by the different nations are
opening communications to Pekin.
Americans joined.
Admiral Kemph also reports the
arrival Of the Monocacy at Taku.
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1900-06-15
LORD ROBERTS ADVANCING.

Meets the Isoers Under General Botha
and Wins Victory.
LONDON. June IA. Lord Roberts has
fought battle with General Rotha,
at the end OF which the British gained
considerable ground, though the Beers
were not beaten. All is quiet at Pre-
toria and Johannesburg. Robefts's
line of communication has been prac-
tically restored by complete victory
gained by Generals Methuen and
Kitchener over General De Wet. The
Boer camp was captured and the
sburgbers were scattered in all
directions. IA ts
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1900-06-15
DEMOCRATS WIN.

Kentucky Court Gives Minor State Onces
to Jseckham's Followers.
FRANKFORT, KY, June 1.-THE
court of appeals entered an order sns-
tanning in part the motion of Attorney
General Breckenridge in minor state
contests. The effect of the decision
puts the democratic state officials in
possession of the offices and buildings
Immediately. $s
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1900-06-15
Ballsr Asais Advances.

LoxDox, June Gen. Butler has o
length taken the offensive, and, ~
manenvering, he has secured posi-
ton west Of LaiDg's mex, By which
~ believes he can make the Boer
positions untenable. Presumably 10
win immediately follow mp His sue.
cess. Lord Roberts H has communi.
1ested nothing for three days, nor per.
Nitted the cOrresponden 10 wire
whats 30 going ON. LopdonS inference
- that he Is resting, although he 10
sibly disposing his ar Tor a .
sea1.h After Commandant General
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1900-06-15

coughing Leads 70 Consumption. Il
Kemp's Balsam will stop the cough
ct once. Go toSyour druggist to-day
and get . sample bottle free. Sold IN
rs and so cent bottles. Go ct once;
delays are dangerous. Is
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1900-06-15
Rsvslati ~ yvat I T.avsl|

IN Aevelution ~ v1Ate1 TsAv0I ssgss sg3s
s$s Experipaents have proven that ~
1els, fitted with sprope Hers which m ri
tate tho fish's fn, develop renatakSS
power. It will cause W srevOlutlcn nv
wster travel. Men gradually legsn
that Natures ways are best. on
cause of the remark able success ~
Hostel tiers stomach Bitters ~ tho fGct
that Il is q sure cure Tor consti tiOn,
indignation, dyspepsia and bilionsness.
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1900-06-15
Britain Coun Is Big Losses.

LONDON, June 14.The war Office
casualty returns mp to June 9 aggre-
1864, besides 792 officers and 1855
men sent home as invalids, but not in.e
Guiding the sick in South African hos
pifala
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1900-06-15
Brave Is the girl who can wear he
last snmmer'sh hat. 4
5Hlusl,aa,d.

~ Husband 5 8
II you have weak. nervous, debillated wks.!
DO not scold or become impatient With her.
Give her kind treatment, loving words and
Morley,s Liver and Kidney Cordial, % renOvate,
regulate and strengthen hor system, and she
viii soon be your healthy, happy best hall.
Price 81. Sold by agent In every town. S
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1900-06-15

Sometimes noble failure serves
the world as faithfully - 8 dstn.
ruished success. -Lowden.
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1900-06-15
Boer Raiders Are Defeated.

LONDON, June 10. The war Office
has received the following from Kelly
Kenny, Ut Bloemfontein: q
s.Our troops from the north, at
Honigspruit, where the Beers cut the
British lines Of communication, have
defeated the enemy. They will be at
America siding tomorrow. General
Knox has moved out from Kroonstadt
to intercept the enemy.
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1900-06-15

k4VUe 0kkAAwks AxASA AAVA NASAA -
Mn Office O congressman from thu
Hinth district of lows and qualified q
fudge Of tho federal court Of the south.
4 srn district OF Iowa. III
ssThe 1900 crop, Of corn In lows i
ROinR to be 9 record breaker said ].
r. Sage, director OF the Iowa weather
and crop service. s.Men who have
studied the conditions report to III
. that 1t no time in ten years has the
corn IT this time o the year looked "a
clean and appeared Is be in such per
feet condition. lis color Id fine, the
promise Of q magnificent crop j. ex-
eellent. / believe there will be 2 con.
adorable increase in the acreage OF
corn in the state; it may amount to
two percent. That does not sound
like much, but it means great deal
when yon remember that the acreage
last year was something over {, 600, 600. !"
Governor Shaw has appointed Jesse
A. Miller. OF Des Moines, to investi-
gate and report to him the r,imors
concerning the conduct of the clerk OF
the supreme court in alleged retaining
of ices for copies Of opinions, and
other records and documents belonging
to his Office. He is especially charged
to report the nature and extent OF all
=. .a,.Ss,..S ~, ~ t,,a ,,,.sa,t ;nc,mhant
4 'e - - y ''e - :, . - - = :. :
M, ~. !,
ne neys ~ we nsH .s..r.u1I,....,, -
aAc ~ on's..y 49, ~ 49, ~. ~ ~.
treasurer OF the university, :; 2. pul-
, s0n' OF Des MONIES, : 1eW aays ~.
Inc exe.clses "licn alkeu lug ~.
MAJ dedicatlon We're among 1ne uess
y. con ~. week q tno u ,.
s,ty. mere was On inmenso aua'onse,
si y eAhausti y. tne seatlng capacity
u inc new annltol1un' esslMatea ~ =
near,y we've ns, nu VI. PERSON.. "a
uovernor DtaRe sa. upon sns Platl1rm'
conspicuous 10 among the ulstingu Ilsl
SPEAKERS 1'e. ana ''sltors OF the dsy.
!. 80.
At the fourteenth annual meeting Of
the Iowa Bankers Association, J. e.
Narkley declared in an address that
..the bankruptcy law is inimical to the
:. =. , 10 :. n. VEG M ~ :.
signeo g cement DanKers. lnere -
NO PROVISION lor any oan ,s., 1ecomlng
.oIuIIary pannrnp.. he NV ooss
nor no'd me oanser ~ the same an tsnasr
segar" As otne,s eotors' Luz insoi-
vent panker WY lneuls NV aeIts :.
be punished by Imprisonment. The
With ;mpnnitv."
49, 's5 - -
The state association Of Swine
breeders and the national assoeiation
81 Exnert Judpes held : profitable
MEETING in Des Moinea Both conyen.
lions win meet IN Dea Moines durinr
the month 81 june next wear. THE
rational association elected ofacers q
Rollows: President. Al. III. CALDWELL.
New Holland, M; secretary, w. M.
I.ambinr. West Liberty. II. y Tho
state association viii not elect officers
this place in regular fall session. At
Tho meeting OF the state association .
number OF valuable papers were read.
short discussions following each num-
Der. Hob. John CownIe delivered the
address OF welcome. He was followed
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1900-06-15
BRYAN is REsoAINATED.

He Has sscsrsd sumclsnt Instructed
Delegates. sj5
CnicAso, June l5.-By the action of
the democratic state conventions in
Calfornia, Missouri, Kentucky, Geor-
gia and Vermont, Hon. WI. Bryan is
assured of tho nomination for the
presidency on the democratic ticket,
The instructions given delegates by
those ave states carry Bryan'svote, it
is believed, considerably over the two
thirds necessary to nominate him.
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1900-06-15

Some people talk fair and act I'M.
fair. 8#S
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1900-06-15

Because frog jumps is no sign tint
he is q hopperator. n
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1900-06-15

Some time ago State Dairy Commits
sioner Norton asked the attorney gen.
seral for an opinion as to whether
wholesale dealers in milk should b.
regarded as milk dealers under the
law and as such subjected to the reg
MAR license fee. Mr.. Remley has adj
vised the dairy department that any
person selling milk in cities Of ten
thousand population or over. whether
BY wholesale or retail, must comply
with the law governing the industry,
and 10 therefore subject to the same
license fee exacted Of retail dealers.
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1900-06-15


Both engines are q wreck. Engineer
Thomas Smith was fatally injured and
three-otlier persons were hurt: Gov
ernor L. NJ. Shaw, slight gasl, on
temple and arm lacerated; Mrs. j. f..
Jones, Of Ames, hurtgein eye, not
serious; w. +. Knight, conductor, Des
Moines, shoulder dislocated. Governor
Shaw was going to Mount Vernon to
attend meeting Of the trustees. He
was not seriously injured. Ills temple
was cut when lie fell forward, hitting
the seat in front. Hc-swnlked to DR..
Priestley's Office and then went home
and went to he'd. Engineer Smith
lived at Boone. where lie had a wife
and family. His legs were crushed
and his abdomen torn open. The reg
ular passenger, left the station on.
time, but it is understood the special
bringing the mail from Ames had
orders to make Des Moines before the
passenger left.
Mrs. Ole Hanson Fugleberg, who re-
sided Eve miies northeast Of Thomp.
son, committed suicide BY hanging.
She was discovered BY her husband,
her lifeless body swinging at the end
Of ) rope which she had made fast to
rafter IN tie granary. MI. Fugle-
berg 1t once called his two sons, and
With their assistxnce cut the body
1 dn-m think y - that s1Arhana lifA Wax
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1900-06-15

almost directly from the west Boone
is the most northerly of any Of the
towns that felt the full force of the
gale. Stuart is the most southerly.
Marshalltown, Ames, State Center,
Tama, La Noble and Cedar Rapids, all
on the main line Of the Northwestern,
had many buildings. shade trees aud
other things damaged to consider
able degree, and the Northwestern
railroad suffered to such an extent on
account of washouts on the roadbed
that train service, both passenger and
freight. was greatly delayed. The
rainfall in all these places and in Red
field, Stuart, Abel, De Soto. Guthrie
Center and other small towns was
very heavy. In Des Moines. however,
It Was comparatively light. Crops
were badly damaged throughout the
section visited. 5 .s
Louis Nusz, a well-to-do farmer, who
lived four miles northwest of Waverly,
killed himself BY cutting his throat
with . common jack knife, after Rrst
taking dose Of laudanum. Despond-
ency caused By i'll health was the
canse OF suicide.
AZ the convention held at Council
Bluffs Judge Waiter r Smith Z was
nominated BY acclamation by the re-
5publicans Of the Ninth district for
member Of congress to succeed Judge
Mcpherson. The convention was
largely attended, every delegation be-
Ing complete.
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1900-06-15

NOTES FRI IN THE I CAPITAL

DEs MolsEs, June -, 1900
Hon. Smith McP herson bas rsdgnsd
I; MI Office q congressman from tho
ninth district Of lows and qualiAsd @
fudge Of tho federal court OF the south.
srn district OF lows. Il
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1900-06-15

1 i, tne Bes. Medicine Money Can Buy. 4
Iowa state bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1894-1916, 1900-06-15

The Iowa Bankers Association, at
its recent session, elected the following
officers for the ensuing year: Presi-
dent, =. i. Huxford, cashier Cherokee
state bank. Cherokee; vice-president,
G. B. Mills, president State Security
bank. Davenport, Secretary, J. N. Dim
widdie, cashier Cedar Rapids Savings
bank, Cedar Rapids; treasurer, L. F.
Potter, cashier First National bank,
Oakland.
The Marshall republican., 1900-04-27
VOL. TX.
COMPLIMENTARY TO JUDGE DAVIS.

Last week Judge Samuel Davis. while
holding court in Lexington, was most kindly
remembered by the members Of the kafay cite
county bar. the occasion being hts fifty third
birthday Of which the News remarks a. iol.
lows:
Shortly before court opened, Justice r. ].
Duling, In few we'll chosen words presented
Judge Davis with box Of choice Havana CT
gars. a. token Of the kindly feeling existing
between Judge Davis and the Lafayette coun
ty bar. The ledge was somewhat surprised,
but replied quite happily to Mr.. Du'ing's
presentation speech. expressing his high ap.
probation Of the compliment paid him by the
several attorneys. Judge Davis Is a most
popular gentleman with all. 40 satisfactorily
has he discharged his every duty. not only
with the attorneys. but with al who have had
business In his court Lesueur's Manual has
this biographical sketch Of Judge Davis:-
Born near Marshall, April ~. Is47; educat.
ed In common schools and Kempes's family
school at Boouvillc; licensed to practice law
in 1869; prosecuting attorney for four
years, from 1873 to 1877; member OF
aoth and goth general assemblies; elected
Judge fifteenth Judicial circuit In 1885,"
Judge Davis is an able. level.heAded jurist,
and The News believes his future II bright
one. aud expe,.ts 10 see him called higher and
given supreme court judgeship Of which he
is worthy News.
The Marshall republican., 1900-04-27
STATE FAIR PROS EcTs.

The executive committee Of the State Fair
Board met In Sedalia the first Of the week to
make arrangements for the improvement of
the ground selected for the site. Those pres.
~, were: Norman J. Coleman. John r. Rip.
p~y, Alex. Maitland, G. B. Ellis and N. H.
Gcntry.
The committee has in the treasury s.. 500,
which they determined to spend In beginning
the work Of improving grounds and building
track. 1t was decided that both the track and
amphithcater should be in the south half Of
the tract. leaving the northern part for expo
sition buildings. The directors are said to
favor q half.mile track. but the law requires
that II be standard mile In length.
The survey of the grounds will begin at
once. but before any substantial progress Is
made. an appropriation by the legislature
mnst be made. 1t is understood that $aSo..
600 will be asked for this purpose.
The Marshall republican., 1900-04-27
NO.. r..

The Miami public school commencement
took place last Thursday evening, consisting
Of exercises BY the graduates Of 90, Of which
there were four. Miami has On excellent pub.
lie school, ranking we'll among those of the
state, and the program rendered upon this oc.
casion bore evidence Of the standard establish.
ed years ego aud 20 well maintained by the
present superintendent. Prof. 4. G. Fisher,
formerly Of the Marshall schools. The four
seniors were: Miss Lucy Fristoe Burruss, and
Messrs Hayden Henry johnson. A. B. H.
Sullivan, and A. M. Ayres.
The program rendered was: St. George
Commandery-Dole- Pandora Club; Invoca.
tion. Rev. w. NJ. Bell; A Plea for the teens
Lucy Fristoe Burruss; Gallant Kuights-
Marcus Lupziger. Pandora club; Courage and
cowsrdice. Henry Hayden johnson; Chorus
Hail Fes,al Day, Ciee club; Iutemperauce
-Vsledictory, A. B. Hazard Sullivan; March
Of the Pasha's Cuard-Tabasco -Paudors
club; Junior address. Martin Barton; Chorus,
Fairyland Waltx-Veaxie. Clee club; Senior
Response-Auscra Marvin Ayres; Pandora
March-Drumheller. Pandora club.
Inc PSesentation OF the diplomas was made
by DR.. A. R. Edmunds present editor of the
News. after q very carefully prepared and
highly instructive address. II In the custom
Of this school. and good one too. that ct
each commencement . banquet be given by
the graduates OF former years to the outgoing
class. This year II was held upon Friday
night and . time worthy Of long remembrance
and many pleasan. recollection, was had by
those present.