The evening times., 1900-01-02
MANUAL TRAINING SCHOOLS.
The system Adopted in Germany and
DPyeIopnen

Manual training in Germany is the sub
ject Of report from George Sawter.
United States Consul at Glauchau, Germa-
ny. He writes as follows:
"On the 1st of October. twenty-four
years had elapsed since the movement hay-
ing for its object the manual training Of
boys was inaugurated in Germany. In this
space of time the idea has certainly been
disseminated largely in this Empire. and
over 2.COO teachers have given their CO.
operation to the movement; nevertheless.
both the internal and the external condi-
tione connected with this new branch OF
tuition leave much to be desired. The
original training in home industries and
home occupation has almost entirely dis
appeared: it is carried On at present only
in a few places in Holstain and in seven
teen institutes for the blind.
Most of the other educational cstab-
lishments in Germany including a!ghteen
orphanages and forty-Six deaf and dumb
Institutes have already introduced manual
training into their curriculum. But the en-
deavor 10 prepare the pupils in the schools
direct for the eventual handicraft has OBJ
manys institutions of learning. The ma
iority OF the German home industry
schools only deal pedagogically with the
subject
There exist at present in Germany. dis
tributed in sos places, Sol schools aud in
stitutes wherein manual training IS ear
ried on in 1514 workshops OF this num-
Der. $50 schools and institutes conduct the
training on a pedagogical basis. Prussia
nhTggRl aA
over 435 places and distributed among SO
workshops Industrial centres take the
lead. as follows: Prussia, Upper Silesia,
the Rhenish Province, and the Kingdom
of SaxOny.
The 1,5l4 pupils workshops comprise
2S6 Independent Misunderstanding schools
and 23S public schools. of which 16 are
auxiliary schools where the work is obli-
gatcry, Il middle-class schools, Al high
schoOls-made up of gymnasums, tech
nical gymnasiums, Il technical and techni-
cal high schools, and 10 boarding schools
preparatory institutes, % teachers SEMI
naries. and % boys asylums, while the re
mainder is made up OF various kinds OF
private educational establishments.
The organization OF the handiCraft tuition
in the individual schools and institutes is
varied in character. Sixty nine institutes
have adopted the whole curriculum as
recommended by the German Association
for the Dissemination OF Manual skill,
while l6 dispense with the preparatory
work: of the rest Ii schools and insu-
tutes confne themselves to three branches,
26I limit themselves to ,, and the remain
der 20 | branch only. Five hundred and
tbirtv-ive workshops are devoted to wood
carving. 521 to working in cardboard, and
22s to the carpenters bench; OF these, 6S
ora closely connected with wood carving,
II with preparatory rOughing-out work,
"a with metal work, % with country tim
herring. II with turnery, and IL with model
ing in clay. ,ot
Pedagogical manual tuition has branch-
cd out in three directions: the practical
formal method which regards handlcratt
as means to general culture: the direc-
tion advocated by those who aim at the
so-called school manual deXtcrity. and the
system which would make the manual
training serve as the basis of individual
branches of teaching and utilize these in
order to influence the method of instruc-
tion in schools.
..The first two are becoming more and
more amalgamated In the third direction,
Prof Kumpa, at Darmstadt, School In
snector Scherer. at Worms. and Rector
Bruckmann. at Konigsberg, Prussia, are
at present engaged in making thorough
experiments in public schools
THE participation OF German teachers
in the efforts of the German association
is steadily increasing. Over 2,20O German
teachers have up to now been taught to
become instructors in manual training. Of
these. $50 were taught in Leipzig and
go acquired training in thirty-three
places in other parts of Germany