The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1900-02-23
THE GROUND SEA.
A Peculiar Condition of the Ocean
Which Wrecks Vessels in a Calm

WHICH WTeCkS VcS0NS IN CdIHI
Many visitors to the coast at this
time Of the year are sorely puzzled
when a boatman either refuss to put
off from the shore, or at least to go
far from land, on day when there is
no sign of an approaching storm, and
the water Is only moved by long and
gently rolling swell. Argument is of
no avail, and If the old salt is pushed
for reason he will only reply with
some cryptogramic remark about the
ground sea-" the questioner retiring
more bewildered than before.
1t Is hard to understand how such a
gentle swell can presage danger, but
to experienced eyes it gives a warning
that must be needed. All along the
west and parts of the south coasts of
England and Ireland, as we'll as the
west coast Of eotland, uncounted
tales are told of ships which on a
calm day have been within a few
hours caught by gentle roll of water
and finally thrown on a rock-bound
shore by the dreaded ground sea-
7eD understand this curious marine
phenomenon it must be borne in mind
that out on the Atlantic waves are
often formed to a height of forty feet
Driven before heavy gale, these ad-
vance at rate of from thirty to forty
miles an hour. Travelling at such a
rate they soon get out of the wind
swept area, but even though, for
them, the storm is passed, they still
roll in fury, their undulations often
being felt five hundred miles from the
point of their creation
In the region of the storms these
waves are fierce, breaking pillows,
but as they get further away they
settle down into long, rolling ridges
which travel onward In long, unbrok-
en- lines, perfectly parallel with each
other. Out on the open sea these
ridges often stretch out for distance
of over thirty miles, and as they
travel in threes, each successive wave
being larger than its predecessor, the
sight is an imposing one. The fur
Their the progress the smaller they be-
come in height, but this is compensat-
ed for by the fact that their motion is
communicated to the mass of water
below until the roll can be detected
fully fifty feet under the surface. This
gives them the name of ground sea-"
In this popularity their danger lies,
for when a becalmed ship is caught in
them her draught, the resisting power
that enables her to ride a storm, be-
comes the fulcrum which the liquid
mass uses to hurl her onward to de-
struction. On calm day any sailing
craft caught in ground sea" near
rocky shore Is as good as lost unless
a wind can spring up and enable her
to beat out to sea. Many a ship has
met this fate. The reason many more
do not get lost is due to the gentle
swell that so deceives a landsman
and warns a sailor.
AS the ground sea" advances it
pushes a certain amount of water be-
fore 1t. This also forms into ridges,
like its pursuer but of less height and
approximately no depth. The false
sea" as it is called, is little more than
a rolling swell, but it gives a warning
of from twenty minutes to two hours
duration, enabling ship either to
run into port, get out to sea, or Sc.
curely anchor; while at the seaside
resorts the boatmen run close to
shore, to the surprise of the trippers.
When it is remembered that a wave
twenty feet high, which is often at
tanned by the ground sea-" strikes
with force of one ton to the square
inch, the necessity for caution will be
recognized.
All waves that come in parallel
ridges, however, are not dangerous,
as there is a wind billow" that is
closely allied to the ground sea" in
appearance. "Wind pillows" are due
to a heavy wind blowing but a few
miles off the land, but as they have
but a comparatively short distance
to travel they have no depth. Conse-
quently, even rowing boat is per-
fectly safe on them If properly han
dled.-Pearson's Weekly