Evening journal., 1900-02-27
HOW ANIMALS
ASSIST SCIENCE
Various Ways in Which the
Lower Order of Life
Helps Man.
EXPERIMENTS IN MEDICINE

EXPERIMENTS IN MEDICINE
HUNDREDS OF INNOCENT LIVES
ARE YEARLY SACRIFICED TO.
DEMONSTRATE THEORIES RE
GARDING THE CURE or DIS
EASES.
Hundreds OF the lower animals are
humanely sacrificed every year in
Baltimore in the interests Of science,
says the sun Of that city IL is not
recognized by the busy worker how
much these animals contribute to the
advance in medicine and to the demon
stration of theories of cure for the Ills
OF man. The mind of a Jenner. a
Pasteur, a Koch, or Of some other
thinker and experimenter evolves
theory, but IL remains for the world OF
lower animals to furnish a subject
upon which the truth Of the theory
may be worked out for the benefit of
man.
Some of the colleges of medicine in
Baltimore keep houses. barns or sheds
especially for their animals. The dogs,
which are Of all breeds, from q strayed
Newfoundland to a mongrel pup. are
kept. in the case of one Of the hos
pitals. in an inclOsure about 40 feet
square, surrounded by q tall white
washed fence. There are as many as
fifty TO sixty dogs in this kennel at a
time and, although there is daily
IIFIrs Of "a.
occurs a canine famine These dogs
are obtained originally from boys or
tramps, who are glad to receive the
quarter Of dollar pair for each one.
AS a rule however. after the dogs are
once possessed OF q home and food they
increase rapidly enough to keep up the
supply They are fed by a janitor, who
also cares for them in other ways.
Their food consists of the tendons.
bones and remains OF the meals served
to the physicians, nurses, patients and
employees of the hospital. The ianitor
carries their food to them in deep tin
buckets. If the dogs have been yelp-
ing, bowling and barking as only dogs
can. the moment they catch sight Of
the deep tin pail all is changed to happy
Whines and wagging of tails
EXPERIMENTS ON DOGS.
The experiments for which dogs are
used are principally anatomical, surgi
cal and physiological; they are no.
usually used in Baltimore for bacteria.
logical tests, since better results ar,
obtained with other animals
Some OF the most vital physiological
and Pharmaceutical experiments arr
made upon dogs although cats are EN-
ployed to less advantage. In no cas-,
Is the slightest pain or suffering ex
perienced by the animal for an anaes
thetlc is always administered. just al
ether or chlorolorm is given 10 a human
being while undergoing an operation
The dog is first given morphine q
deaden the pain. This takes about 3
minutes. The animal is then fastene
down on a wooden holder that closel
resembles n horses drinking trough
ether is then administered and tn
surgeon then makes his incision int
the skin after he has clipped an
shaved away the hair over the spot I
be dissecter. In one experiment one In
clsion is made In the neck and anothe
in the thigh. A small piece Of glas
tubing is fastened into the femoral vel
and attached to a piece of rubber tul
ing, through which a salt solution
pumped TO keep up the circulation. Tn
incision in the neck is made for ant
ther glass tube 10 be tied in the trache.
or Windpipe This is used either
give more ether or keep up artihci
respiration.
WATCHING HEART BEATS.
The chest is then laid open and Il
heart comes into view, with the lung
No bleeding occurs. because. lust as
a human operation, each little artal
is clamped with a forceps. The hea
can now be seen beating When Il
the left side OF the heart is harder thi
the right side II the hand clasps Il.
is felt to become hard during a co
traction OF beat. II a certain nerve
the neck, which is called the vagr
sympathetic. is stimulated by a z,
vanic electric current. the end whi
goes toward the heart. II stimulate
slows or stops the heart temporari
and when the stimulus is taken of
beats more rapidly If the end whl
goes to the brain is stimulated by {
battery IL causes strong respiration a
sometimes increased heart beat. VIII
IL slower afterward.
In this way it is demonstrated q
the heart is supplied by nerves whi
upon excitement. can slow the heart
accelerate IT, Thus. when a pea
faints. it is often caused by an emot
that stimulates the vagus-sympathC
nerve and causes a slowing OF
heart.
TO SHOW BLOOD PRESSURE.
other experiments upon dogs
made to show the blood pressure.
these glass tube is inserted intS
blood vessel, having attached to 4