The evening times., 1900-06-12

ly- You will find il necessary to pot the
ranges on map as part OF your report
II IS essential that iuli description Of the
forest should accompany each discussion Of
the effect Of grazing upon it. An outline FOR
such description is supplied to you on a
separate sheet.
Your report ST Juld be illustrated and
your conclusions Supported throughout by
numerous photographs.
The following list Of questions is in
tended to indicate some Of the lines
along which facts are needed. II is not
complete. The questions apply TO all
kinds of grazing animals, but especially
10 sheep, since sheep grazing is by far
the most important grazing question
which relates to the forest reserves.
Your attention is specially directed 10 the
last two questions-the need of a full re-
port upon the relative effect Of grazing by
different kinds of stock, and in particular
upon the relative loss and gain if grazing
is permitted or prohibited:
Some Special Questions.
1. What kinds Of plants are grazed. in
order of preference. including grasses,
herbaceou.- plants. shrubs. and trees?
2. Are eonlfers eaten, and if so, under
what circumstances and to what extent?
3. How does grazing affect the native
grasses?
4. How is over-grazing related TO for
est preservation2
-. Does continual moderate grazing af-
feet the reproduction Of the forest and if
50, how and to what extent?
g. Do grazing animals injure young
trees by trampling? If so. how and to
what extent?
"a. Are old trees, il shallow-rooted
kinds, such as spruce. injured by tramp
ling?
IS. Is damage done to soils Of various
kinds and situations by tzampIing, and
if so. how and to what extent?
3. Does grazing affect the run-off of
streams? II so, give proof in full
10. Does grazing affect the superficial
run-of OF rain water?
II. Do the streams from areas denuded
by grazing carry more sediment than fo--
merry. and if so. how is il proved?
r. Does grazing increase or diminish
the danger from fire?
'13. Do herders or stockmen set fire TO
the forest in order 10 improve the range?
IL What is the effect of repeated
burning on the forest and on the range?
Is How long is required before burned
ranges can be grazed again, in the forest
and outside?
16 What is the relative effect of graz
ing before and after burning, on the
grass. the forest. and the soil2
II. What areas are most often burned? /?
rs What areas in the reserve are
grazed?
Is. How many head are grazed in the
reserve?
8" 90 WHAT proportion OF this number are
assessed?
'21. What proportion OF the head owned
and assessed in any cne county are grazed
in the reserve?
% At how much are they assessed per
head2
%. Are the owners and herders usually
citizens or aliens?
'''a4. What lands are best adapted to
grazing?
'25. How long has grazing been carried
on in the reserve2
'16. Discuss handling during the year;
wintsring. when driven into the noun
tains, how herded in the mountains, when
driven cut. the cost of herding. etc.
%. Discuss the wool market and the
market for hides and meat, with reference
to the grazing industry in the reserves.
'2S How large an area in the reserve IS
required 10 Craze 1.CC0 head during one
season without ever grazing, and what
number Of head will the reserve safely
carry?
20 Would a system of leasing grazing
lands in the reserve work we'll and if so.
under what regulations?
80. Is the grazing In the reserve more
or less valuable 20 adjacent communities
than the protection OF the forests by the
prohibition of grazingg ~