The daily morning journal and courier., 1900-08-22
THE CHINESE CAPITAL OF CHI-
 MA.
Nankin the Great Commercial and Lit
 erary City of the Empire.

Nankin is the second capital of China,
 and while Pekin is the pride of the
 Manchu the hearts of Chinamen throb
 and aravitate toward Nankin. The | Chinamen form 95 per cent of the teem-
 ing millions of that huge empire, and
 are held down by only twenty y-five Man.
 chus, Nankin, for the Chnaman. is the
 great Past It embodles the glorious
 traditions of Chinese supremacy over
 the Tartars. It is also the Future. | Around it hovers Chinese hope for in-
 dependence from Manchu oppression. 1 Ii is the literary and commercial capi-
 tai of the empire. Nankin is the Yang
 se-Kiang valley, and the Yang-tseKi-
 ang valley is China. Nankin, under
 different names, has been sacked and | burned over and over again, only to rise, like the phoenix, from its ashes, , more active and more beautiful.
 The first emperor of the Ming | C'Bright'D dynasty, Buddhist priest,
 and the son of a Chinese laboring man,
 Choo Yuen Chang chose Nankin for the
 seat of his imperial court Q368-99 A. D. He gave Nankin the honoritic
 name of Ying-K Keen. His second suc-
 cessor deserted Nankin for Pekin The
 Manchu rulers have further lowered the city to the official name of Kiang-Ming,
 but the popular fancy still calls the city Nanking, or the southern capital ("Nan," sovereign; king" capitaD A few years ago Nankin wrenched the inn
 perial crown once more from Pekin and
 held it for twelve years Hung seu
 Tseuen, convert to Protestantism,
 echoing the popular cry for reform, and seizing on the universal longing for the return of q Chinese dynasty, proclaimed himself as sent by heaven to drive out
 the Tartars and to restore in his own person the succession of China. Of the nineteen provinces of China thirteen recognized the sway of Nankin. But
 the imperialists, led by Chinese" Cor don, captured Nanl1in in July, 1864. The king perished in the flames with his household; his followers were scat tered all over the country. and the mag nificent palaces of the city were reduced to ashes; what ruins have escaped the flames stand still unrepaired, for the most part, as a warning against rebel
 
 lion.
 Nankin has a population of four hundred thousand inhabitants. It is treaty port in virtue of a treaty made with France in 1858, in which England participated under the 'most favored nation" clause, but the slow-going Chi nese have not had time to open it until the present. The chief industries of Nankin are satin, crepe, nankeen cloth, paper, pottery and artificial flowers. It has also one of the best arsenalsof It has also one of the best arsenals of where cannon and war ships of the latest types are made On the hills near Nankin coal, plumbago, iron ore and marble are found. The city is sur rounded by wall 96 le (thirty-two miles) in circumference. The section of the Nankin city wall on the inside of larger than the great wall of China. It Is about fifty to one hundred feet high, and about the same in thickness {the gateways being two to three hundred feet thick, and about one hundred feet high.) It is built of large bricks, and is kept in good repair. A second wall existed, encircling the north, east and south sides of the city proper, forming the inner city, nomnally inhabited by the Manchu garrison only. The Chi nese cities are supposed to lie four- square, but the walls show deliberate curves and Irregularities exacted by the laws of Fung-Shui. The gates are never opposite one another, or else some obstruction Is placed in or der to prevent the evil winds and spirits from making dash into the city and carrying everything in their destruc- tive currents. Viewed from the walls, Nankin looks like city of goblins. The characteristic scenes which meet the eye at once are the upturned roofs of temples, palaces and mansions, gay with blue-green and yellow glazed tiles glittering among the groves of trees and flowers with which the city is dotted.
 It is perplexing to decide the moot | point whether Nankin is not the filth fest city In the empire. For every other | 1ity in China jealous of it's nre-erci- | hence in offensiveness to the senses. | The officials intrusted with public sani- | tation look upon the office as a lucra- i've and exclusive monopoly They de- lend their forbidden ground inch by nch against the intrusion of the citi- zens upon their preroga tives, ant will | not allow any encroachment of private initiative on the premises of their ousiness.'
 In contrast with the des1 otion hang ng over the greater part of the city, he quarters of the wealthy classes pre- sent a scene of loveliness hardly | matched in the world, for the Chinese | ,re the most skilled hortlculturists in he world. The northeast corner of the own shows where stood the iln nperial palace of Hung Woo. burned on the re- ,apture of the city from the Taiping ebels in 1864.
 But of all the monuments of Nanwin he most worthy of attention is the lankin mausoleurl, which at any r.c- nent just now may become again the central figure of the Chinese tirama This mausoleum is reached from the astern city gate, and is sltua ted at the oot of the Shun- Shan, or Bell mounts,
 treeless range of hills to the north ast of Nankin, iGrn,ing the Blue Dra- ,on of the Fung-Shui of the city. The mausoleum was styled the Hiao- Ilng It contains the remains of the ,reat Tai Tsu, the first emperor of the fling dynasty. It suffered considera- ,le during the Taiping rebA'':on. En- eror Muh Tsung, shedding crocodile ears on the monument, issued q beau-