davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Omaha daily bee., 1900-01-24
RodnNr Answers Count Roni.

PARIS, Jan. 24.-5:4O a. m,-The Figaro
publishes this morning a dispatch which
Pierre de Rodays. its editor, has sent to
Count Castellane in the course of which he
says Your denials and threats will
change nothing OF the facts, which are now
notorious in Paris"
Omaha daily bee., 1900-01-24

(Copyright, 1900, by Press Publlshing COD
ROME. Jan. 23.--(New York World Ca
blegram-Special Telegram .)-Cardinal Cape
celatro. archbishop of Capua, in inaugural
ing the scholastic year pronounced COM
plete speech on religion and patriotism,
warmly eulogizlng Archbishop ireland and
declaring fearlessly that he adopted Ire
lands views. The speech creates a SEN
cation, the cardinal being a great friend
of the pope and his probable successor
Omaha daily bee., 1900-01-24
Opposed to American Reciprocity.

PARIS, Jan. 2S.-The commerce committee
of the Chamber of Deputies today began
hearing the views of thcee opposed to the
reciprocity treaty with the United States.
Representatives of iron workers, iron smelt-
ers tubing manufacturers and manufactur-
ers of railroad supplies were heard. They
were all opposed to the treaty and demanded
its rejection
Omaha daily bee., 1900-01-24
Westminster Grave for RusLin.

LONDON, Jan. 23.-The dean Of Wastmn-
ster has offered a grave in Westminster ABB
hey for the remains of John Ruskin
Omaha daily bee., 1900-01-24

At Bremen - Arrived - Darmstadt, from
New York.
Al Portland, Me. - Arrived - Dominion,
from Liverpool.
At sydney, y. S. W-Arriyed- -Mariposa,
from San Francisco
At Genoa - Arrived FuerSt Bismarck,
from New York via Naples.
At southampt N - Arrived ~ ITaye. from
A'~-s HAEL far RrfInan-
Omaha daily bee., 1900-01-24
Eighth starts for Fort Riley.

NEWPORT NEWS, Va. Jan. 23.-The
first squadron Of the Eighth cavalry ar
rived here TO-DAY from Nucvltas, Cuba, and
left tonight for Fort Riley, Kan.
Omaha daily bee., 1900-01-24
Ruh,in KnocI.s ont Kapps.


TROY, n. Y. Jan. 2.--Gus Rubin Of
Akron knocked out Fred Kapps Of Albany
tonight in the first half Of the first round,
Omaha daily bee., 1900-01-24
Staff Captain Dallas.
oRoNJE AND BOTHA HELP JoUBERT.
BOcrs Concentrating Their Forces in
Front of RuIler's Army.

BOcrs Concentrating Their Forces In
Front of RULERS Army.
BOER HEAD LAAGER. LADYSMITH
Jan. ga battle has been raging along the
Olvier's Hoek road since Saturday between
the Beers under Pretorious and 5000 Brit
ish. The fighting is in full swing at Spions-
kop.
The Beers under Botha and Cronie have
been sent thither.
The British elsewhere are only making
reconnaissance of the Boer positions.
President Steyn was under fire at the fore
most position of the Free Staters
Botha Checks British Advance.
BOER CAMP, UPPER TUGELA RIVER,
Sunday, Jan. 21.-After Commandant Botha
checked the British advance yesterday moIn-
ing it was expected there would be no fur
ther action until tomorrow. This afternoon,
however, signs were discerned of an intended
movement in the British northern camp.
When the heat, which was more frightful
than any yet experienced, had worn off the
British cannon started in full force and the
infantry advanced in extended order. Gen
erals Botha and Cronje held the high hills
over which the road to Ladysmith passed.
When the Mauser fire opened pandemonium
of sound filled the air. The vndictive crash
OF lyddite shells, the sharp volleys of Lee
Metfords and the whiplike crack of MauseTs
were interspersed with the boom OF the
Boer MaXims. The battle ended with dark
ness, but not without evidences of eXecu-
ton among the British that were manifest
at sunrise Field Cornet Ernest Emilio was
killed, nor did the generals escape un-
scathed.
Enter Zone of Mnuscrs.
At the central position, Swartkop, at
which the other road to Ladysmith crosses
the hills, the British advanced from low
kopjes ON the banks of the Tugea unmo-
Tested. Then they entered the zone OF
Mauser fire and although their naval guns
kept up the usual terrible racket, the ad-
vance was stopped and the British had
to count out their dead and wounded,
Commandant Vnjoen and two burghers
were knocked senseless by an explosion OF
lyddte. but Commandant Viljoen recovered.
Field Cornet Heilbron was wounded and on
refusing to surrender was shot.
The British loss was probably insignih-
cant. They complain that expansive bullets
in Mausers were found in the field and soft
nosed bullets with Lee Metfords. The Beers
admit that sporting Mausers were occa-
slonally found but they deny the charge re-
specting expansive bullets. Not a shot was
fired b. the Beers with cannon or rifle at
the Swartkop position this side of the river.
One thousand infantry and battery advanced
into the second row of low hills between
the republicans and the river. Heavy can
nonading proceeded at a range of 1000
yards, but the Beers maintained the silence
Of death This must have staggered the
British as the advance was stopped and this
morning they had returned to their old posi-
tions,
Omaha daily bee., 1900-01-24
III SEIZE SPlONSk0P
7''1ey
Butler Notifies War Office II re
Night Attack,
AFRAID TO ADVANCE DURING DAYLIGHT
British Must Gross Open Ground Exposed to
Boer Rife Fire,
ADMITS MOVEMENT is AT STANDSTlLL
Considerable Anxiety in London Over Dun
donald's Cavalry Column.
NEWS FROM FRONT DOES NOT CHEER
what Hns Filtered Through Indicates
wnrren's Advance Only Reached
Temporary Lines of
Defense.
Considerable Anxiety in London Over Dun
donald's Cavalry Column,
NEWS FROM FRONT DOES NOT CHEER

LONDON, Jan, "a 2:15 a. m.-Contrary
to the announcement made shortly before
midnight by the War Office that nothing FUR
ther would be issued until Wednesday fore
noon, the following dispatch from General
Butler, dated Spearman's Camp, January 90,
GEO p. m. has just been posted:
Warren holds the position he gained two
days ago. In front OF him. at about 1,iOO
yards, is the enemy's position, west of
Spionskop. 1t is higher ground than War
rens position, so it is impossible to see into
it properly.
"lt can bo approached only over bare
open slopes and the ridges held by War
ren are so steep that guns cannot be placed
upon them But we are shellng the enemys
position with howitzers and field artillery,
placed on lower ground behind the infantry.
The enemy is replying with Creusot and
other artillery. In this duel the advantage
rests with us, as we appear to be searching
his trenches and his artillery fire is not
causing us much loss. An attempt will be
made tonight to seize Spionskop, the salient
point of which forms the left of the enemys
position facing Trichardsdrft and which d,-
vides it from the position facing Potgieters-
drift 1t has considerable command over
all the enemy's entrenchments."
Where is DundonnId's Cavalry.
Copyright, 1900 by Press Publishing Coz
LONDON. Jan. 23.-(New York World Ca
blegram-Special Telegram.)-The experts.
writing last night, were inclined to take a
gloomy view of the situation, but Buffers
report, made public at 140 a. M, came to
them as a distinct relief. They then ex-
pressed confidence he would capture
Spionskop and push on slowly to Lady
smith
The only anxiety now is as to the silence
regarding Dundonalds cavalry. The ex-
perts agree 1t is nonsense to think he has
gone into Ladysmith and insist that he is
guarding the roads through the passes TO
the Orange Free State and devoting his
whole attention TO worrying the Beers on
those lines of communication and attempt
ing to distract the attention from Warrens
nItnrk
Omaha daily bee., 1900-01-24

(Continued on Third Page)
Omaha daily bee., 1900-01-24

From Vienna comes the statement that
tie idea OF the Intervention OF the European
powers Is gaining adherents in influential
quarters. The Daily Mails correspondent
~ CARDS the signs as unmistakahle aud men
toned unmistakable signs In print In the
Austrian Hungarian Foreign ofice journals,
Boer dispatches describe the renewal Of
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1900-11-11
) CHE BLACK MARKS SHOW LOCATION DEEPEST HoLEs)

known then taken in relation to thick
ness, it would be possible to determine
approximately how long X has been
since the exterior of the earth was
molten. The deep wells furnish data
in this cOnnenction also.
Deep In the Land Under Sea.
Among other theories concerning the
Calumet rock it is suggested that per
haps the proximity of the waters of
Lake Superior has a cooling effect on
the copper mines Low temperatures
are characteristic of all the suoa-
dueOus deep holes. Beside the ChaSms
in the ocean bed the holes In the land
are as pin punCtureS, for more than
half of the whole sea floor lies Two
miles below the surface of the water.
One-eighth of this latter area is de-
pressed below three miles. This eighth
itself is seven million square geOgrapn-
zeal miles in extent and contains areas
or rather basins which dip IN places
over five miles below the surface.
These last almost unfathOmable holes
in the ocean bottom occur only IN three
places, or at least only three soundinSs
of five miles or more have been made.
There may be others, of course, even
deeper which have as yet renamed
undiscovered. The deepest of these
holes exist in the South Pacific TO the
east of the KermadecS. 1t is 5,l50
/ fathoms deep or $50 feet more than five
! geographical miles. The sounding that
went to its bottom represents the
! farthest reach of humankind toward
/ the center of the earth. Yet what
came back with the rod was meagre In
view o fwhat might have been expect
ed. A little glObigerina OOze. little
1 Of that curious red clay which covers
nearly half Of the sea floor. few
manganese noduIes, some minute,
magnetic spherules of cOsmic origin,
! that was all; these and the positive
/ assurance of intense darkness and bit
] ter cold. The OOze was what was left
of animal carcasses sweeping down
/ ward through centuries; the clay was
/ the plastic remnants Of even earlier
( periods; the spheruIes were represent
. atives of meteOric particles which had
plunged through Unreasonable dis
/ uance from outer dark to inner dark.
I Volcanic debris. oxides of iron, zeolitic
! crystals. manganese nOdules and re-
mains of whales and sharks are char
/ acteristic of these deep holes. One haul
/ of a trawl in the Pacific brought up
/ from a depth Of nearly three miles
many bushels of, manganese nOdules
I 1900 sharks teeth and fifty fragments
! of the bones of whales. But beyond
| these, all other objects which might be
! expected to drop from the surface are
wanting. 1t is not surprising, how
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1900-11-11

ter as they are driven deeper and deep
er, the outcome suggested IS, that as
soon as a sufficient depth is reached,
natural steam will be encountered, or If
the well be dry, water can be pumped in
and returned in the form Of marketable
vapor. There is nothing chmerIcaI in
this idea, since many buildings in sew
eTal parts of the world are heated with
naturally warm well water. The hos
pital at Grenelic and large factories in
Wuri emburg are notable examples. Also
the geyser shows how heat from the
earth's interior may manifest itself
fOTCibIy on the surface. Hence temper
allure measurements are Icing made
in all of the wells as they are drilled.
In this country the heat increases on
the average about one degree for every
sixty feet of depth. It was so in the
Pittsburg well. the temperature of
which was measured by Professor Will
liam HRllOck Of Columbia college.
This was originally merely an ordinary
oil we'll put down by the Forest Oil
company. Several thousand feet lad
been drilled before the oil sand Legan
TO yield sufficient commercial returns.
and then they had gone so Tar and the
tube showed such q Decided rise in
temperature 1t was decided TO dedicate
the we'll to science. So the drilling was
continued and Professor HallOck was
asked to make a test Meanwhile as a
member of the United States geological
survey, he had been conducting some
measurements in the well near Wheel
ing He was thus able TO compare one
with the other.
The method of taking the tempera-
tuTe was simple. registering ther-
mOmeters were placed in iron buckets
three feet long and three inches in
diameter. A bucket holding thermOm-
eteTs was hung on the end of a steel
wire and let down into the hole $50 feet.
when another bucket was tied on and
the lowering was continued. Measure
ments were thus made at various
depths. 1t was tedious work and
when the lower depths were reached it
required nearly an hour to get the
buckets back to the surface once the
measurement had been made. on the
way down in the PittsbUrg well, nat
ural gas was encountered. tapped and
used for a time to drive the machinery
that worked the drills. In this instance
the well furnished power TO dig itself
out.
Comparative Temperature Obtained.
Meantime Professor HallOck sent to
Germany for the measurements which
were being taken in the Schladabach
and the Sperenberg wells under the
direction of Mr.. Z. bunker of Halle
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1900-11-11

and in the end he was able to furnish
a table Of measurements of the four
wells:
All of these wells have now been
sunk lower; therefore according to the
average rate of increase the SDeren-
berg ought to measure approximately
124 degrees; the Pittsburg 12S degrees,
and according to the German average.
the ParushOWtiZ well which has not
yet been reported would show a tenn
perature at the bottom somewhere be-
tween 1876 degrees and $50 degrees Fab
renheit. It would not take very much
more digging before the heat of these
wells could be utilized All things be-
ing equal the Sittsburg well at 10, 600
feet should develope a temperature
greater than that of boiling water,
especially as the heat increases more
rapidly as the hole gets deeper.
But these wells were ali bored in
what might be called the normal cTus
Of the earth, where the strata lie in
stu. Had they been dug in Wyoming,
in the Geyser Basin, for instance. it is
probable that steam or very hot water
would have been encountered not many
feet below the surface, for after all.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1900-11-11
THE SALT LAKE HERALD: SUNDAY. NOVEMBER II. 1900

the geyser IS one of natures deepest
holes. since il connects in one way or
another with the internal heat of the
earth and therefore we have a sort of
Indication Of how an artificial deep hole
might act ff once it were driven down
far enough to form vent for the
heat Of the earth. On the other hand.
had one of the wells been driven down
under Michigan, through the copper
beds, it is probable that even 10000 feet
would not beget a temperature too hot
for breathing purposes. let alone the
production of steam This is the lay
mind must appear strange in view Of
the fact that the region is full of cop
per bearing rock and therefore ought
to conduct heat readily. Nevertheless
it is a fact that these rocks do not
conduct the heat The temperature of
the lowest Calumet and Hecla shaft
never goes far from 20 degrees. Pro-
fessOr Agassiz buried thermometers at
various depths in the mines and got
very little variation. Professor Pierce
of Harvard obtained some slabs OF
rock from the lower levels and by
means of an electric theTmostat tested
their heat-cOnducting properties which
were reported to be small in COM
parison with those of some other rocks.
His idea in this case. however. leans
more TO an approximation of heat con-
ductivity Of rock in general, in the end
TO form an estimate of the earth's age
since if the cooling rate of all rock is
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1900-11-11

Some of these holes are in the form of
wells which are a mile deep in the old
er rock Others extend even farther
down into salt beds and furnish this
most widely used flavoring commodity.
Still others are mines which men work
at a level as deep as that of the wells.
And in this ocean bed there are holes
so deep that if the highest mountains
in the world were to be dropped into
them there would still be plenty of
room for ships to sail safely over their
SUBMITS.
Near Pittsburg. Pa. we'll has been
dug 5,5S2 feet deep, that IS. 252 feet more
than a mile. Near Wheeling, W. Va,
they are sinking a we'll which is now
within a few hundred feet of a mile
deep. At last report they had reached
the 4,920-fOOt level. At Sperenberg,
near Berlin, Germany, they are driving
a hole in gypsum beds which is already
4,559 feet deep. and it is getting deeper
every day. At SchaIdabach. near Leip-
zig. they are taking salt from a well
which is even deeper than the Pitts
burg well. This hole is 6,265 feet deep.
The Red Jacket shaft of the Calumet
x HeCla mine in the Lake Superior cop
per district is a mile deep and men
work in the shaft Nearby. the Tam
arack mine has a shaft nearly as deep
as the Red Jacket. But at PaTusChOW-
itZ. near Reibnik, in eastern Silesia,
there is a well which is now $500 feet
deep. or exactly 100 hundred feet more
than a mile and a quarter. They are
sim boring and it is the intention to
go down $500 feet, or one and two
thirds miles when some interesting
scientific experiments viii be made IN
questionably this is now the deepest
artificial hole in the world,
But in this race far into the earths
core there are other competitors, other
well holes which are not quite as deep
as these big ones, but which are press
ing them hard. They are mostly in
Germany. At Leith. near Altoona, there
is d hole 1888 feet deep. At Eu near
Strassfurt, they have gone down 4.241
feet. AT Lubtheen in Mecklenburg.
they are still digging at 3,949 feet. At
SenneWitz. near Halle, 1914 feet has
been reached. At InOWTazlaW. POsen
1rills are working a. 1924 feet, while
at FriedTichsane, near AsCheTsleben,
they have punched a hole in the earth
3,543 feet deep. At St. Louis, Mo. we
have a Well which viii stand COMPARE
son with these German wells. It is
over half a mile deep and several Of
them have passed the three-quarter
mark.
Conditions Enco uttered In Depths.
Many Of these deep holes have been
made the subject of scientific investi-
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1900-11-11
Rockefeller's Income.
(Navr York World0


The announcement that the next quar-
te~Iv dividend of the Standard Oil com
Dany will probably be al the rate of y
per cent. making % per cent for the
year again calls attention TO the enor
nous income which John i. Rockefeller
receives from his interest in the great
trust
Mr.. Rockefeller IS said to hold 81 per
cent of the capital stock OF the parent
corporation, from which his income dur
ing 1900 will be Sl5,500000. In addition to
his stock in the standard Oil company
Mr.. Rockefeller is also said TO own -
- cent OF The STOCK of the subsidiary
companies. The trust owns the remain
iias, "a per cent o. these lninOf cOmpan-
les, ana up to this time. not incruulng
the next quarter it has drawn $3S,Vl0,OJJ
Itom this ownership.
Mr. Rockefeller share of the divi-
dends so Tar declared this year by the
parent trust is 81, $4,000. HIS ~ per cent
share or the profits OF the subsidiary
companies Is SJ65IO,000, making up 49,
2sJ.O5o that he has received so far this
year from his interests in oil.
But thls man wealth is so great that
the oil industry, immense as IL is, is
not large enough to employ his riches.
he owns an interest in the innumerabie
railroads banks, insurance and trust
companies, mining corporations and in
dustriai enterprises.
He and his brother. William, control
the New York, New Haven & Hartford
railroad, the Missouri, Kansas q Texas
railroad, and they are large owners in
the Chicago & Alton railroad, the Federal
Steel company, American Sugar Refining
company, American Cotton OIL company.
National City bank. Hanover National
bank, First National bank of Chicago,
second National bank of New York, The
National Park bank, Bank of Metropolis,
the United States Trust company, the
Farmers Loan & Trust company. the
Chicago Terminal Transfer company, the
Amalgamated Copper company, the Ana
COnda Copper mining company, the Della
ware, Lackawanna & Western railroad,
the Consolidated Gas company and its
constituent companies, the Brooklyn
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1900-11-11

cations. and as they are widely separ-
ated. individual characteristics have
been encountered in each. Yet there
is a very general correlation in all
which stands as evidence not only Of
the present internal condition of the
earth, but also of its age. These holes
show, in fact, that in some places the
earth at a mile or so below the surface
is at hon as the boiling point of alcohol;
at other places men work a mile under
the surface in d temperature of 20 de-
grees Fahrenheit, a heat not greater
than that of an average New York
June day. When the Savage mine in
the Con2stock Lode was connected at
the half mile level with the Gould &
Curry mine. the temperature Of .he
connecting gallery ranged from 49, de-
grees ar one end to 145 degrees at the
other.
At the bottom of that hve-mile pit in
the ocean which yawEs between the
Kermadecs and the Friendly Islands,
the temperature stays always near the
freezing point of water. There are
many OF these deep ocean holes in
which the temperature is very low
And while the lack of heat is induced
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1900-11-11

See Mehesy the Furrier
for furs. KnutsfOTd-
50 80 White Blankets, on sale at IS. 65
a pair.
F. AUERBACH & BRO.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1900-11-11

ever. in view of the terrible pressure
of the water at these great depths
Nothing not especially adapted for II
could Withstand it. It is calculated
that at one mile beneath the surface
the pressure of the water on all sides
of an object is one ton to the square
inch. n view of this it was formerly
supposed that the pressure at the
lowest depths must be great enough
to turn the bottom to stone. But the
dredge shows this TO be untrue.
Habitants Of Extreme Depths.
The fish that live in thes deep holes
ara soft and gelatinOUs. the only con-
diticn in fact which would save them
fro Inthe effects of the pressure. The
water Dermeates their soft structure
and cOCnteracts its own pressure. AS
suggested above, it is very cold in the
deep holes. Professor Agazzis mentions
how cold the Ooze from the bottom
feess-hOW cold mud nearly froze his
hands stiff under the brOiling sun. 1t
gave him an idea for cheap refrigera-
ton and he lowered bottle of wine
nearly two and d half miles under
water for the purpose of freezing it.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1900-11-11
SCHOOL FOR TRUANTS.

Copyright. 1850. BY Theo waters.)
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1900-11-11

It came up cold enough to be sure. but
full Of muddy salt water which had
forced It's way through the cork.
forty-three areas have been found
on the SEA bottom lying deeper than
three miles. Eisht of these are deeper
IMAM tour miles. These are: Mares
Deep in the North Atlantic; Ross Deep
IN The Antactic: Weber Deep in the
Banda sea; Challenger, Tuscarora and
Sapan Deeps in the North Pacific, and
Aldrich and Richards Deeps in the
south Pacific. Three of these deeps
contain I'VE mile holes They are Al
drlch, Tuscarora and Weber deeps.
BUT the Aldrich deep. hole is the deep
est, as was stated above. Yet deep
as II IS, IN spite of the fact that Mount
Everest, the highest mountain IN the
world. II dropped into the hole would
SINK out or sight in the ocean, that lit
tie pinnacle called Sunday island
standing squarely in this fve-mile
hole IS able to rear it's head 2,0o0 feet
above the surface of the sea Incl
dentally tfiS conveys vivid idea of
the eontl as, nature is able to make IN
the matter Of high hills and deep holes.