The evening times., 1900-06-26

The Secretary of Agriculture went TO
New York yesterday for the purpose Cf d.
livering an address last night before the
American Association for the Adyan- eEent
OF Science and the American Forestry
Association. which are in annual s, ssion at
Columbia University. In his address SEC
retary Wilson said in part:
We have in the Department Ct Agricul-
ture great many scientific men conduct
ing scientific Investigations for the purp Sc
of assisting the prcducers-the farm. S.
The PEOPLE are hungry three times day al
over this land. and the United States is
hard at work trying to feed them. WHAT
we want is applied science. l wish that
all OF our universities when they educate
a man, 10 matter how strong they make
him in other respects, would make a soil
phyicist Of him. We have Just added some
ten or twelve millions OF people, and 1
don't know how many islands in the Pa
cifc. to our domains. From these We can
buy s.. .0OO. 600 worth Of goods year, AID
we want to enable them to buy rom US
SJCO.COO more. knew l would hit NV
York with that remark. If you speak Ct
trade here the people viii listen. Thess
are things which occurred to me on the
spur Of the moment. I'm pleased TO lie
here, and l congratulate you upon the
meeting"
In his address 10 the members Of the
Forestry Association, Secretary Wll>oa
said:
The prosperity Of the United States is
so intimately connected With that which
grows out Of the ground that distress i'm
mediately fellows a short crop Of any Of
our food staples. The carriers miss diyi-
dends. merchants lose customers. manu-
featuring is done at increased cost. and the
balance of trade with foreign countries is
reduced.
"As enlightenment among men advances
with the centuries We fell trees, regard ess
of the consequences. Our Government pol
icy OF giving the land TO the people his
facilitated this warfare or the trees II
seems pity TO Us nov that reserves were
not made by the Government CT whatever
kind, from sea to sea, especially on hlEl
ATTITUDES where rivers rise. on shallow
soils that cannot endure the sun, on broken
lands that forbid the plow. and the Ike,
but, reflection excuses US from wondering.
II is nearly impossible now to save tree
nCTthwarCiy sOuthWardly, and wes. Narcly.
The axman will soon see through the
woods. Two decades or less viii exhaust
our primitive forests OF building woods
The worlds history admOuIshcs us 10
preserve forests where We have them and
plant them where there are none There
is a useful and engrossing field here for
the student and a gracious work for the
lover OF his kind.
The cotton crop was short last year be-
cause of the drouth the wheat crop is
short this year for the same reason; rivers
are diminishing. industries suffer. half Of
our people live by cultiva.ing the soil. and
so half OF the nation IS directly interested
in conserving moisture The educators
have work 10 do, too long neglected, and
il this connection We all rejoice at the
Pinchot endowment Of a school for forestry
at Yale that will give us axmen in future
who viii chop with discretion and plant
with intelligence"
J. W. YOumey. superintendent Of tree
planting in the Division Of Forestry read
a paper on Progress of Tree Planting in
the United States Particularly in the Mid
die West" Mr.. Youmey gave some sug-
gestions as to scientific tree planting. and.
among other things. said:
Trees succeed best upon land which has
, been thoroughly subdued from the wild
! condition. Four or five years Of cultiva-
tiOn should usually pTecede the planting
OF trees on most prairie soils. After the
/ first breaking Of the sod which is properly
very shallow, the plowings should be sue
| cessiveiy deepened until seven or eight
| inches OF the surface soil have been mel
/ lowed by cultivation and weathering. The
/ growing Of farm crops. especially deep
roofing crops such as corn. helps much 10
prepare the ground for the reception OF
/ trees. In the fall previous 10 planting
| the land should be plowed deeply and left
I min II 81.
be worked into a mellow condition and
marked for planting.
An implement such as a corn marker
may be used. but in many portions Of the
West a furrow made with Plow or lister
is 10 be recommended The rows- should
be carefully spaced by measurement rather
than b. guess. II the rows are correctly
spaced and staked il is usually a very easy
! matter to run them very nearly straight
II the soil tends 70 dry out rapidly. he
burrows should not be made far ahead Of
the planting.
In almost all cases It is necessary 20
| space the trees by measurement in TIVE
rows. This may be easily done by means
| Of furrov line marked so as to show
where the trees are to stand. II care be
| taken to establish the line correctly in
each row and TO plant by the mark. the
cross alignment will be very accurate.
ne tire s should be set little deeper
| than they rev in the nursery. and should
have the f4tc surface soil made firm about
the roots. They should have thorough sur
face cultivation, especially during the car
ly part Of the season In most sesfions Of
the West cultivation should cOTitnue all
summer but in the North where the seed
lings are likely to winterkil if the wood
is not well matured. cultivation should
cease in late summer.
Cultivation carried on in this way
should be the unfailing rule in almost all
Western planting II must be continued
until the shade of the trees becomes 50
dense that weeds will not grow and the
leaves, gathering on the grOuu1 form a