The daily morning journal and courier., 1900-05-19

the many small loans that had been
 made not five pound note was due.
 The labor question was met by the es-
 tablishment of bureaus where records
 of various matters are kept, and where
 the names of the unemployed are kept
 for reference. Every effort is made to
 assist these people. There is a system
 in New Zealand of actually converting
 tramps into taxpayers,
 The government has done great
 thing by allying itself with the people.
 Lecturers have been sent to teach the
 people about cooperation, how to raise
 better stock, and, ill general, how to inn
 prove their living conditions. The gov
 ernment, owning the railroads, manages
 them with view to bettering the con-
 ditions of the people. It is not ques- ton of making money, and as fast as
 rates may be reduced, it is done, in the interest of the people The government
 will take a mans small shipment of stock or poultry, delivered at the near
 est station, carrying it. to the seaboard,
 and ship it to the markets of the world,
 The mans care for it ceases when it is in the hands of the government. He has no further trouble and receives his
 check in due time. It is really case of ] Government x Go, this name character
 izing the methods employed. Seeing the
 danger of overcrowding the cities, a
 commission was appointed to condemn
 land and form suburbs, in which the
 people may locate and own smal'tracts.
 Thus the people are not dependent upon
 real estate spectators, The suffrage
 was granted to women as mere side
 play and was done in night. falling in with other reforms. The system of pen
 sioning people over a certain age is also
 q decided success. The government
 pensions veterans of work, and not Vete-
 rans of war. The people have carried
 on these reforms with one ruling idea
 Here we want no millionaires and no ! paupets. New Zealand distinctly helps 1 the small man. and discourages either
 extreme of poverty CT wealth. MT. Lloyd then spoke of the interesting methods adopted to put the railroads to i the best uses. The unemployed are
 transferred from the centers to places where tbey may find employment. A few years ago the sheep were dying in
 great numbers on the ranches, and the farmers were on the point of being ru- ! ined. An arrangement was made for shipping stock, and the rates on the railroads were so low that the farmers were able to restock their farms The government uses the railroads for pur- poses that may seem of remote benefit. 1 saw a train pull into station loaded with two thousand children, who were going on an excursion from the country into the city to study the industrial life there. Other excursions are run into the country for the benefit of the city children. These excursions are made possible because a rate of fifty cents for two hundred miles enables those of all means to improve the oppor-
 tunity. The minister of railroads said that the country gains in health and ed ucation Thus the raildoads are made to bring direct benefit to the people, and because the people are benefited they are able to improve their lands and pay the loans which the government makes to them If a party of people find that a certain estate Is desirable for division
 into small farms, they make request that this be done Then, if the government ie unable to buy the estate, 1t is con- demned, and the division takes place. The government has invested for the benefit of the people an equivalent of two hundred and fifty million dollars, and has also expended about one hun dred and fifty million dollars a year. The experiments, have, however, not only been successful financially, but have resulted in general uplift of the people. The government gets about per cent. interest, and as the money costs 1t but 3 per cent, there is an in crease constantlybroling up, from which the government can buy land and make further improvements. MT. Lloyd then explained the way in which a par eel of land is divided among the appli- cants for it. These applicants are first examined as to their fitness for holding, and their expressed preferences for a certain parcel are recorded The names are then placed in a list with corres- bonding numbers, and the one of the list of applicants to get the parcel of { land is determined by lot 1
 Mir Lloyd then gave many instances to show how the people had improved | their opportunities and were now in l happy circumstances. In one place the | government was constructing an i'm mense railroad bridge. and to carry on the work brought out large colony of unemployed people from the cities. This Is frequently done, and in every case the man Is taken with his wife and children, for the government does not believe in separating a man from his family. Compulsory arbitration is prac- ticed in New Zealand, and it is the only place in the world where this is done. There are no strikes or lockouts. If an employer desires to reduce wages, and the employees object, they take the mat ter into the courts, where both sides are heard and judicial decision is given. In the meantime the work is going on. The feature of oid-age pensions has re- suited beneflcially for the country, and 1t does not necessarily mean that a per- son must be without property to receive these. The applicants for this bounty are examined by a judge, and l have heard them state the amount of land they own, the insurance policies they held, and the amount of taxes they paid,