The Republican journal., 1900-11-15
THE NINETEENTH CENTURY.

The first great figure to appear befor'
the world at the beginning of this cen
fury was Napoleon Bonaparte. Franco
had prematurely freed herself from
pure monarchy and was i'll much thu
same condition as England was cen
fury and half before, when Cromwell
assumed the reins of government
England has always been in advance o.
France. as France has been in advance
of other continental nations in al
civil and religious movements. Unde
the constitution adopted Dec. 13, 1899
Napoleon was elected First Consul TO
two years. Talleyrand was Minister Of
the Interior. and Fouche Minister OF
Police. There were eighty senators
who selected the Legislature and chic
judges. Napoleon proposed peace tt
England and Austria but George LII
and Francis II. refused unless the
Bourbons should be restored to the
throne of France. Therefore he Sent
an army of 1870, 900 men into Germany
which pursued a victorious career; but
his 80. 600 men in Italy were compelled
to surrender at Genoa to the AustrianS
After the defeat of Messena, Bona
parte started across the Alps at the
head of %. 600 troops, via Great st
Bernard pass. The men dragged theil
baggage over the snow and precipices
in the hollow trunks of trees and where
the ascent was steepeSt, the drums beat
Il charge One division crossed at Mt
St Gothard and another at Mont Cents
They all united under Bonaparte at
Milan. June ,. 1900 With 10000 men
he encountered 50, 600 Austrians under
General Melas at Marengo June 14th
Desiax and killerman carried the day
for the French. but pesiaX was among
the killed.
IN November $1,000 more troops
crossed at the pass of Splugen, thus
making l00.o06 French troops in Italy
Tie French under Moreau met 10000
Austrians under Arehduke John at
IIohenlinden These two battles broke
the power of AUSTRIA and d treaty of
peace was signed at I.meville. Feb 9,
1901.
\ little later spain ceded louisiana
i'll North America to France Through
the influence of Napoleon. Denmark.
sweden and Prussia joined with Paul
o. Russia in a league against the naval
forces ct England Denmark resisted
tile English right of search. and Lord
Nelson WAS sent to attack the Danish
beet 1T Copenhagen. The Danes lost
6.ono and the English but l,2oo. Lord
Nelson pronounced this the most terri
bile engagement lie had ever Witnessed.
Emperor Paul was assassinaded by a
band ot Russian mobiles. and his SON de
clared himself d friend of Great Brit
ain. The other nations followed the
example OF Russia, so the league was
broken. Gen. klebeY, the French com
mander i'll Egypt. who had defended
himself against an army six times his
OWN at IIeliopolis, was assassinated by
a Mohammedan the very day of the
battle of Marengo. Menon. his sue
CeSs0r, was defeated near Alexandria.
This Was the battle of Campus. where
the English Abercrombie was killed at
the moment OF victory and the $4,000
French troops surrendered on condition
OF being taken to France.
Pitt resigned and Addington became
Prime Minister to Great Britain. 4
treaty of peace was signed at Amiens
March y. 1902. England agreed to
evacuate Egypt and restore Cape of
Good Hope to the Dutch. retaining
only Ceylon and Trinidad.
Bonaparte re-established the Catholic
religion III France. but also tolerated
Professionalism. He established schools,
summoned the most eminent lawyers to
arrange the code Napoleon, and recalled
the emlgrants. restoring their estates.
life. The Legion of Honor was insti-
tuted, y military road was constructed
to Italy. st. Domingo rebelled and es-
tabhshed a republic The insurrection
was quelled once, but when the French
attempted to re-establish slavery the
negroes killed nearly all the French
troops. Their independence was ac
knowledged in 1925. England, disap-
proving the conduct of France toward
Holland, Switzerland and Italy, refused
to give up Egypt and Cape of Good
Hope according to treaty. Hostili-
ties We're renewed. Napoleon soliditied
the French nation by religious tolera-
ton, the recall of the exiles and wisdom
and economy of administration. The
nation had been centralized by the
Bourbon monarchy and all the elements
Of national strength contributed to the
ACKNOWLEDGMENT of the First Consul.
As England was the chief obstacle to
the attainment of his ambition. Napo-
leon determined to strike at England
herself One hun1red Thousand mon