Daily inter mountain. [volume] (Butte, Mont.) 1881-1901, 1900-01-06

becomes in the eye OF the law an enemy to
every subject of the other nation. This
principle authorizes the detention as pris-
oners of war of all subjects of one of the
hostile parties found travelling or residing
in the country of the other. 1t also au-
thorizes the confiscation of their goods. an
extreme course that is seldom followed
although it was adopted by Napoleon in
1903 when he detained 1000 British sub
jects in prison until the peace Of 1914. At
present, however, the practice of modern
warfare would scarcely justify such an
action.
War is not a relation of man to man,
but of state to state, n it's object, po-
litically speaking, is the redress by
force of a. national injury. From the mil
itary standpoint it is to procure the COM
plete submission of the enemy as quickly
and as cheaply as possible. The rules that
have been adopted in the carrying out OF
this warfare are based on the general
principle that no greater harm shall be
done to the enemy than necessity may
require. The one effort is to bring the
enemy to terms and to achieve this there
must be no gratuitous barbarities nor can
there be any cruelties or insults tnat
might tend to Increase the hatred OF the
enemy without weakening his strength or
tending to procure his submission.
AS the result poisoning Is prohibited
and assassination Is not permitted, al
though it is permissible for a small force
to penetrate into the enemy's camp where
they can even kill the general or take
him prisoner without infringing n OF
the customs of war. If u customs are
transgressed the almy, committing these
acts place themselves In a position to be
treated otherwise than as prisoners OF
war, This law, however, does not pro-
hibit the use of high explosives as 1t is
permissible to destroy the enemy by any
legitimate means. -.
There are no rules as to the treatment
of non-combatants but no humane COM
marder will harm them. The United
States instructions say that 1t Is lawful,
as an extreme measure, to turn BACK
non-combatants, in order to expedite a
surrender, when the commander has ex-
PEELED them in order to have the less
mouths to feed.
According to the rules of wal the enc
my consists of two classes ca the armed
force; ca the unarmed population. The
latter are immune, the former may be de-
stroyed- as long as they exist. In cases
of surrender quarter should not be de-
MED the former cOmbatants, unless they
have been guilty of such violations of the
laws of war as to expose themselves to
the penalty of death, and. even In such
cases. this penalty should not be impos-
ed until after the prisoner has been tried
and convicted.
Prisoners OF war cannot De
to assist their captors in the carrying on,
of their military operations. but they
may be employed in any other capacity
Unless they have given a promise not te
escape they are justified In making tht
attempt. If they are shot while making
this attempt no violation Of the rules
has occurred but if retaken they cannol
be punished for having made their breal
for liberty.
prisoners If war NAV he naroled bu,
such. parole is a voluntary contrac'
The captOr is not obliged to offer to pa
role his prisoner and the captured ma.
refuse to accept the parole. II he doea