davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1900-10-19
Mhent Straw Mnrma

Speaking of two species of worms
which attack wheat stems or culms.
weakening them and causing them to
break and fall before the grain is ripe,
Farm, Field and Fircside says:
Both of these insects are subject to
the attacks of number of parasitic
flies, which, as a rule, keep them pref
ty well in check. The damage from the
wheat straw worms is not often of Il
serious nature, but is pretty general
and is probably very commonly over
looked on account of the concealed
habits of the Larvae, and this is espe
cially true of the wheat straw worm,
the falling of the grain being often
attributed TO other causes.
The remedy for both of these insects
is in burning the stubble in the field
which harbOrs the Overwhelming
stages. This burning may be done
either directly after harvest or at any
time during fall or winter or prior to
the earliest emergence of the adults,
which may begin as early as the latter
part of March.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1900-10-19

IS failure throughout the entire coun-
try. In planting | have always been
in the habit of rejecting the corn from
the tip and butt of the ear. There is a
claim by some that this should not be
done, as the corn will not fill out as
well. My claim is that the grain on
the center of the ear is earlier and
more perfect than at the ends, produc-
ing better and earlier corn and finer
shaped ears.
While travelling through Vermont
few years since l noticed that the
farmers hung their seed corn under the
wide, projecting caves of the house for
wintering, proving the fallacy of the
idea that cold will injure germ, as l
have seen the finest of flint corn grown
from seed so treated says a New York
farmer in New England Homestead.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1900-10-19
ESFM - A SIX.
{N IN S53fs:s!E=ssgE:E712E
slS,@ssss<s2a3aAEsKPEN
BARNARD MANURE.
Facts About Fermentation and APP
pIicatiOn In the Field,

Facts About Fermentation and APP
pIicatiOn In the Field.
Fermentation OF manure always en-
tails a loss of organic matter. 1t also
means an escape Of part of the nitro
gen. The looser the pile, the greater
will be the deterioration Fire fanging
Is injurious to the quality of manure
and results chiefly from an INSULT
cheney of moisture. Liquid eXcrement
by itself rapidly loses in value, its nj
trogen escaping as carbonate of am
monia. These facts point to the great
desirability of controlling fermenta-
ton a. by fermenting the solid and
liquid eXcreta tOgether-this can only
be accomplished by using a sufficiency
Of litter or absorbent; CD by ferment-
ing hot and cold" horse and sheep
eXcreta belong to the first class, that
from the COW and pig are of the latter
class manures together; 60 by keep
ing the heap compact and moist, thus
excluding excess of air. Fermentation
must be regulated and controlled by
these means or the losses that ensue
will more than Outbalance the benefits
to be gained
With regard to the respective effects
OF fresh and rotted manures on differ
ent classes of soil it may be stated that
fresh manure is better for clays and
heavy loans, since it does much to i'm
prove their physical condition by open
ing them to the air and making them
more frable. On the other hand, rot
ted manure is better suited to light and
sandy soils, tending to make them
more compact and retentive of mois-
ture
Fresh manure may with advantage
be used for crops which have a long
season of growth, while rotted manure.
with its more available plant food, will
give better results for such as gather
their food and reach maturity during a
shorter period. Excess of fresh ma
nure tends to rankneSS of growth and
the undue development of foliage and
is frequently the cause of lodging" in
Agrain and too much top" or leaves, in
root crops.
While considering the matter of the
application of manure we may take Oc-
casiOn to answer the question so fire.
quently asked, Does manure spread
and allowed to dry out upon the field
lose any of its nitrogen? In 1892 we
conducted some experiments which
proved conclusively that the loss from
volatilization of ammop'., when the
manure was spread in thin layers and
allowed to dry out was so very small
that it could be disregarded. 1t APP
pears that in manure so treated fer
mentation is at once arrested.
AS to Frequency of application the
present opinion, as gathered from eX-
perience, is that it is better rather to
feed the crop than to try to permanent
ly improve the soil, though of course,
both are intimately connected. and one
cannot be done without in a large
measure accomplishing the other. How
ever the principle here stated points
to the advisability of light and fire.
quent dressings rather than heavier
applications at longer intervals, and
there can be no doubt but that it is
more profitable to dress with ten tons
every second year than to apply 20
tons every fourth year.-F. T. Shut.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1900-10-19
crib I commence husking and storing

crib I commence husking and storing
operations In order to complete them
before bad weather sets in. While the
days are warm and the ground dry it
is much easier to get help and the
injury is much less to the wheat by
tramping and driving over it. AS the
corn is husked the fodder is tied into
bundles which can be easily handled
with fork. When the fodder is moist,
| tie with the stalks, and when it is
dry | use tarred Irvine with Il knot
tied on the end. To secure it | simply
lap the string around the knot and
stick it under the band. If care is
taken to make the bundles as compact
as possible. they will not come united
when fastened in this manner. To
unite simply pull the end of the string
We place three of these single shocks
in one, being very careful to get it set
up as compactly as possible. The tops
are drawn together with a rope and
again tied with the twine Fodder
fixed in this manner will keep perfect
ly and make excellent feed until haul
ed to the barn or directly TO the stock.
concludes an American Agriculturis!
correspondent.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1900-10-19
News and Notes,

In reporting an indicated shortage of
nursery stock and advising unusual
care in buying Rural New Yorker
says: about the greatest liar we have
heard of this year is local nursery
man in Alabama who offers a variety
of grape which will produce go pounds
of grapes the second year from plant
ing These grapes will keep fresh all
winter, and when spring comes they
turn into fine raisins."
American winemakers are feeling well
over the success of their products at
the Paris exposition. The proportion
of awards was higher than that gain
ed by any other nation not even ex-
cepting France, and might have been
greater but for n misuse of French
names which caused some brands to be
adjudged falsely labeled and therefore
not to be considered in the competi-
lion.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1900-10-19
Time and the Sugar In the Beet

Tests at the Michigan station last
season showed a general slight falling
off in sugar as the season progressed,
but it was found reasonable to assume
that the beets grew in size more than
they decreased in sugar contents.
On a piece of muck ground COMPARE
sons were accurately made on II small
plots which resulted in a growth from
Oct. 20, when the yield was 1O.G30
pounds per acre, to Nov. %, when the
yield was 1923 pounds, but in the
meantime the percentage of sugar de
creased from 9.53 to 10 and the pu-
rity from I'LL to 69.29.
In Ohio, in 1894, date of sampling by
growers showed a gradual increase in
per cent of sugar from Sept II to Nov.
Is, while by counties the amount of
sugar increased, though very irregu-
larry. In lS9S the results from dates
of sampling gave very irregular and
inconcluSive results.
According to Headden of Colorado,
"Beets may remain unharveStcd un-
der favorable conditions without loss
of sugar or weight of crop" and, fur
tEermore, the weight of the leaves
does not increase materially during the
last six weeks of the growing season.
hut during this time the weight of the
root increases by 81 per cent of its
weight at the beginning of the period
or 80 per cent of the weight of the ma
turcd beet"
In 1888 Cooke found from samples of
eight varieties tested oct. l average
per cent of sugar to be 1875, with pu-
rity SOB. The same varieties tested
three weeks later gave loo per cent
sugar, with purity 77.5, gain of 81 in
sugar, but Il loss of IS in purity. In
four tests made Oct s, compared with
lects from the same source on Oct %,
they gave Il loss of Is per cent sugar
content and gain of .O7 in purity for
the later SamDlinp
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1900-10-19
PreparinE Barrels For Cider.

Select new oak barrels and inject
live steam into them. BY this means
every portion is thoroughly washed
and the element which will give the
cider a woody taste will be removed
If steam cannot be had, partly fill the
barrel with water and drop in through
the bung small Jumps of quicklime
Chemical action will take place and
the heat thus generated will assist the
lime in neutralizing the fannie acid
and destroying any flavoring material
which the wood may contain. Allow
the limewater to remain in the barrel
for few days and then rinse out, soak
with salt water and finally fill with
pure water and allow it to remain for
at least a hours. The barrel should
then be in a condition to keep cider
and vinegar perfectly.
Old barrels should be used cautious
". If they have contained no material
which has permeated the wood. they
may be cleansed by the use of steam,
hot potash I've obtainable from wood
ashes or crude potash secured in drug
stores. They must be treated repeat
eddy and thoroughly rinsed and drain
ed. The old barrels may be satisfac-
tory, but it is better to secure new ones
if possible. Whenever the vinegar or
cider barrel is emptied it should be
thoroughly washed out with hot water
and then with cool After that small
vessel containing burning sulphur
should be placed inside and the bung
closed. Before being used the barrel
should be thoroughly washed out to
remove the sulphur fumes, says Ameri-
can AgriculturiSt in conclusion.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1900-10-19
SEED CORN.
Selecting and Preserving Corn For
Seed-A Vermont Wrinkle.

Selecting and Preserving Corn For
Seed-A Vermont Wrinkle.
The selection of corn for seed should
be made when the growth of stalks,
size of ear and earliness can best be
noted. This is usually at husking time,
when the corn is husked by hand. If
husked by machinery, pass through
the field before cutting and mark in
some manner the hills or ears chosen
for seed, allowing these to stand until
thoroughly ripened before husking. AL
though not much of corn grower at
present, | was for a number of years
upon a large farm where corn was one
of the principal crops. Our seed was
always selected while husking, and we
never failed in having a good yield of
sound corn. Choose ears that are thor
oughly ripened before cutting. An ex-
pcrienced husker can easily tell this by
the husks and tirmness of the grain.
Never save for old seed an ear where
the kernels are shrunken or loose upon
the cob. When practicable, save from
stalks having two or more ears. Select
only those that are full at the end and
having the same number of rows at the
butt as at the center. BY leaving a
few husks on the ears they can be cas-
ily sorted when the corn Is drawn in.
Brace UP and hang in COOL dry place.
The effect of this plan is easily noted
in few years by increased yield, size
and shape of ears.
If there is any doubt as to the sound
ness of corn, | would discard it entire
ly for seed and buy of some reliable
-eedsman. as it is seldom that the crop
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1900-10-19
Rubbing with Gold For Luck.

In 1850, when | was officiating for a
friend in Wensleydale, North Yorkshire,
one of the servants who was troubled
with an intlamed eye borrowed my gold
signet ring in order to rub the pimple
but whether the remedy was successful
or not | cannot say. In limbs Popular
Errors Explained" page 16D is the fol-
lowing note on this subject:
"Sty-an-cye.-This is small, trouble
some, inhamed pimple at the edge of the
eyelid, the charm for reducing which is
rubbing the part affected nine times with
wedding ring or any other piece of
gold. In the 'Anglo-Latin Lexicon, 144O
occurs 'Stanye YIN the eye, and in Beau
mont and Fletcher's Mad Lovers
81 have a sty here Chilax;
have no gold to cure it, not penny,
Not one cross, cavalier
"The name of Golden Ointment for
diseases of the eye. was doubtless Dor
rowed from the above practice Notes
and Queries.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1900-10-19
HOW MANY HENS?
Size of Flock That Can BE Probably
Kept In One Pen.

1t is a matter of importance to de-
termine how maay laying hens may be
protitably kept in poultry house. 1t
is especially important in those regions
where the climate is such that careful
ly constructed buildings are required
for the proper housing of fowls in win
ter. The opinion is quite generally
held that when kept in yards or allow
ed to roam at will hens do best in
flocks of about 40 or 80 and that when
confined in winter quarters each lay
ing hen requires about ten square feet
of floor space. The size of the flock
which may be proftably kept in pen
of definite size has been recently re-
ported upon by the Maine station. The
station poultry building contained 10
pens alike in size and arrangement Of
window space and gravel, bone and
water dishes. The pens were 10 by 16
feet, and the entire floor space of 100
square feet was available, since the
walk used by the attendants was ele-
waited above the floor The tests were
made with four lots of 10 pullets each
four lots of 20, four lots of % and three
lots of 80. The breeds selected were
Brahma and Barred Plymouth Rocks,
there being eight lots of the former and
seven of the latter. With each breed
the lots contained from Is to 30 indi-
viduals. The experimental conditions
would give the lots containing 10 pull
lets 10.G square feet of floor space each
the lots containing 90 pulletS s square
feet each, those containing - pullets
GA square feet and those containing 80
pullets 80 square feet. Care was taken
to have the individuals in the lots as
uniform as possible in form, size and
vigor. All the pullets were Matched
early in May. with the exception of one
lot of II which was Matched about two
weeks earlier. The test began in No
vember and continued six months.
Careful records of the egg production,
etc, were kept. The results with the
different lots of the same size were
found to be qlRe uniform.
A summary of the more important
results shows that the lots containing
90 hens gave n greater total net profit
per lot than did those containing any
greater or less number of hens. Lots
with % hens gave slightly greater net
returns than did the 10 hen lots. The
lots that had 80 hens each gave very
much less net returns than did any Of
the others. The average net profit per
hen. however. steadily decreased as
the number of hens per pen increased,
being so cents per hen during six
months with the lots of 10 and only
80 cents with the lots of 80.
The tests indicate in general tina,
the best results will be obtained by
allowing each hen from eight to ten
feet of floor Snncn
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1900-10-19
The Tohncco Lcnf Miner.

The tobacco leaf miner is another in
sect which is comparatively new to
this country. The adult insect is a mi
mute grayish moth, which lays its eggs
upon the leaf and horcS between the
surface of the leaf, making a fiat mine.
Up to 1885 it was found only in North
Carolina. hut since then it has made its
appearance all over the tobacco belt
In Florida the leaf miners show on the
tobacco plants in May, hut in southern
Virginia they have been found in No
vember.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1900-10-19
Good Asn0rncus

\ Denver truck gardener says. ac-
cording to Farm and Ranch that Pal
metto asparagus has given the largest
yields of any variety he has tried. 1t
exceeds 10y 236 per cent any other va
riety in early yield and by 2l.6 per cent
in total yields. Donald Elmira is sec
ond in yield and Columbian Mammoth
White third. Conover Colossal yields
the lowest in early cut. with Ear Mann
moth lowest in total yield. In all
eases irrigation increased the early
yield. the increase in favor of ;rriga-
tion being equal to 81 per cent
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1900-10-19
A New Long Island Industry.

Chicory growing seems to have taken
a start on Long Island. 1t is said that
over a hundred acres were grown this
season by number of farmers, and
after the long drought the chicory fields
look better than other crops, as
the tapr pots keep the plants green and
thrifty. Many more acres will proba-
bly, be Planted aext year.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1900-10-19

Apiaries are always established with
a regard for the convenience of the
bees to rich fields of blossoms. Many
interesting accounts are given of trav-
cling colonies Of bees. Gypsies wander
with hives on carts. Edinburgh bee
keepers journey with their hives to the
moors where heather is in bloom. In
Egypt boatmen have apiaries and sail
up or down the Nile, wherever the
Towering fields are likely to afford
harvest for the bees, says an exchange
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1900-10-19
House WORN

Seems easy to a man, but there is
great deal of lifting and reaching to do;
a great many trips up and down stairs to
make in the course of days house work.
It's hard where a woman is well. For
a woman suffering with some form Of
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1900-10-19
CUR(RITO and GASpARD.
To the Farmers Of Freder.
lex County.
are Chance to Improve Your Stock.
BREED ONLY TO THE BEST.
Strive to Get Size, Style and Speed.
GOOD HORSES ALWAYS IN DEMAND.
PRICES TO SUIT THE TIMES.

For past to the general depression the price
of horses farmers breeding and to-day diff
cult find yearmg colts Good during dull
always brought good The trouble
farmers bred to inferior horses being unwilling fair price
order to improve their stock the result of this has been fill the
with scrubs, which good
and after reaching three four earthly
How fine carriage teams be found this to-day
how fine stylish horses hands high weighing from
eleven to twelve hundred pounds with style and speed found
demand and bring from three hundred dollars
great demand for the but they be of
good style and action To these
style aAd action DO with cheap stocks mrOve what
have by breed to better than already the
farmers to examine the get of CURRTO beautiful horse splendid
size and royalty bred He has record,
of 273 His colts from small
stylish and have lots of speed This young
number of colts, all of whom speak for themselves
To give the farmers chance who have fine large will
stand CURTO for 500 for the payable within
return privilege given mare not to be with Oa but CUR
RlTO has proven a sure toa getter.
GASPARD by Sea King and out of producing mare,
grands having number of the finest colts
sze style and action.
Mr. Harge, Frederick County Agrcul
Arthur Potts Mr. John Weller besides lot the
kind of colts from this handsome full
sixteen hands high weighs twelve hundred
horse to get carriage and coach horses
GASPARD will stand the for S15
low, hopes of being able 90 buy of the colts big
only solicit ne good kind
Here chance the farmers breed
colt from either of these horses something
be proud of for days Get rid the Plugs
much poor feed good one
MICHAEL KNILL.
Manager for COL L. VICTOR BAUGHMAM
Near Frederick City, Md.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1900-10-19

none seemed to do me any permanent good.
The doctors said 1t was the worst case of inter
nal trouble they ever had. l decided to write
to you for help. l received very encouraging
reply, and commenced treatment at once. I
had not used your Favorite Prescription a
week before l began to feel better, and, as 1
continued, my health gradually improved 1t is
improving every day"
Dr. Pierce's Common Sense Medical
Adviser is sent free on receipt of stamps
to pay cost of mailing only. Send 81
one cent stamps for a book in paper
covers, or 81 stamps in cloth, to DR..
R. V. Pierce, Buffalo, N. Y.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1900-10-19

"female trouble" it
is daily torment.
There are thousands
of such women
struggling along, day
by day, in increasing
misery. There are
other thousands who
have found a COM
plete cure of their
disease i'll the use of
DIR. Pierce's Favorte
Prescription. It
stops facilitating
drains, cures irregu-
larity, heals inflam-
nation and ulcera-
ton, nourishes the
nerves, and gives
vitality and vigor.
1t IN a. es wea k
women strong and
sick women we'll. 1t
contains no opium,
cocaine nor other
narcotic.
uFor a number of
months l suffered with
female trouble" writes
Miss Agnes McGowne,
of 1912 Bank St, Wash
ington, d. c. ~ tried
uarf nna raVraItac hui
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1900-10-19
CHAMPION

The subscriber respectfully informs his
friends and the public generally that he
has purchased the Livery Stables tn
late Robert G. Lamar, and has removed
to his new and CoMMoDIoUS STABLES,
on the First Alley, between East Second
and East Third SITS, Frederick city, Md,
where ali orders, by day or night, will
receive prompt and polite attention, and
on the most reasonable terms. His
stock of HORSES and CARRIAGES is
the largest in the city. The horses are
all safe, sound and good travellers, while
the vehicles are of every variety, and Of
the finest and latest styles and the most
substantial character. Bridal parties
served with the most stylish and fash
ionable turnouts, and special attention
will be given TO funeral corteges. CAR
RIAGES FOR PARTIES and Buses
for picnics at very reasonable rates. The
drivers are all competent, reliable and
obligng, and no pains nor efforts will
be spared to please all VIII may favor
me with their PATRONAGE.
The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, 1900-08-19
REMUNERATION At List
ACTION BEGINS BY WHICH BENSON
BIDWELL WILL BE JUSTLY
REPAID
INVENTOR OF TROLLEY SYSTEM
Man Who Devised This Marvellous
Invention That Has. Enriched
Hundreds Himself Has Re-
NAMED in Poverty.

Benson Bidwell at last is to have his
due. After years of patient waiting,
while bedridden from a series of terrible
dieases, he has watched the graf street
railway syndicates all over the country
making incredible returns from the appli-
cation of his ideas, the result of labors
during his prime, and he, poor and for
gotter, has been helpless to resist and
claim his own. Yes, he has patented his
inventions, and in the archives of the in
terror department at Washington may be
found records proving his claims, yet, in
spite of this so-cailed protection of the
government, Tor years and years he has
had neither the friends nor the money to
enable him to enforce his just claim to a
1.-THE or the wealth which has made other
men rich
When Bidwell had completed his model
of the first practical trolley car that was
ever constructed he carried his invention
to the street car magnates of 1886, 1887
and 1888 and~tried to dispose of his plan
of propelling the car by an electric motor
and supplying the current through a
wire from overhead to the ground. Prac-
teal men hooted at the scheme and
scarcely gave to it second thought.
Here is a letter which Bidwell received
from Charles T. Yerkes, who today, with
that same invention In his hand, is trying
his best to get the street car business in
London, and he knows that he will sue