davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1900-01-27
U E. MITCHELL.
Rescue Gr0Sa,

This is known scientifically as
Bromus u%nioloides. It is apparently
a native of the southwestern part of
the United States, and vas n of the
first of the native grasses to be brought
under cultivation. 1t is known as Aus
tra,ian oats, Australian bromo, Arctic
Grass, and Schrader's bronze. AL
though usually an annual, repeated
cuttings or persistent grazing will
prevent seed bearing. and SO enable
the plant to live several years. 1t
grows best on a rich loamy soil and in
most localities should be treated as an
annual, as it is soon crowded out by
other grasses on land that has not re-
Gently been plowed. 1t seeds freely
and yields volunteer crops as far north
as the District of Columbia. When
sown on suitable soil in August and
September it begins its growth with
the first autumn rains, and in a favor
able season will give good grazing In
December, while in a dry and unfavor-
able season it may be worth but little
before February or March. When 1t Is
at its best it will often give two good
cuttings for hay. Should it be desired
to grow it continuously on the same
field, the land ought to be plowed
after the seed has matured, during the
summer it may be used to grow a crop
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1900-01-27
THIS WIFE was THOUGHTFUL.
Saved Her Husband the Trouble OF
Cashing Unused Railway Tickets.

Saved Her Husband the Trouble OF
CashinE Unused Railway Tickets.
you've all read lots Of jokes about
the woman who gets up in the dead Of
night and rifles her husbands peck
ets," said the man to q Philadelphia
Inquirer reporter. ''They usually con-
fine themselves to the p%urloining OF
what small change happens to be
there. But here's a case l know of, OF
O woman in West Philadelphia, who
showed much more enterprise than
that, and who, I think, deserves the
palm.
"It happened the other night. The
womaE's husband is a travelling man,
and is now home for a couple OF
months. He was out the other night.
and as he did not get in until . or ,
o'clock in the morning, he was pretty
sleepy, and his slumber vas resultant
ly heavy. His wife happened to be just
out of change at the time, and she
thought of the old way of getting it.
She got up quietly and proceeded to go
through the suit which her husband
had just taken off. There was not Il
cent Of change to be found, and she
saw, with dismay, that the smallest
thing was a $40 bill. She hadn't nerve
enough to take that, and she was rath-
err in despair for a moment. Then she
came upon a little bundle Of tickets
bound with an elastic. Her face bright
ened up, and she put the package in
her jewel box.
1.-The next morning the clerk ut the
redemption office Of me Of the rail-
roads paid out $ .332 for some sever UNI
used return coupons, and the womah
went briskly off to spend her ill-gotten
gains. And when she told a friend.
and her friend suggested that her hus-
band wouldn't bless her when he want
ed the tickets, she answered, in a very
injured tone: why, just think of the
trouble l saved him in going down to
that horrid office myself?"
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1900-01-27
IRON
Decay in Ironworking . Sign Of Ma,
tional. Weakuess.

Decay In fonW0fkAnG . Sign OF Ma
tional Weakness.
Iron gates, through the bars of which
landscapes and gardens could be seen
and admired, were brought into vogue
by a settled feeling Of public security,
says the Magazine of Art. They were
among the earliest outdoor ornaments
of a civilization which had become
national in its force and industrial in
Its aims. They proved that the So
cial spirit, long fostered by religion,
by commerce and by law, had at last
triumphed over the fierce pride, the
tyrannical lust of power, which during
so many years had set the mobiles at
variance with n another and with
growing townships, making the draw
bridge and the armored gate of wood
as necessary as were a good sword
and a heavy suit of mail. Thus the
smiths craft, after long ministering
to the needs and passions of those I'M
quiet times when war was an instinct,
became, little by little, not only the
agent of a warfare which had been
raised into a art, but also the neces-
sary friend of many peaceful indus
tries; and we all know that our own
civilization is bound up with the his
tory of iron, is really dependent on the
active working of this metal. Long
may it be so; for a general decay in
ironworking has ever been a sign of
national weakness. Thus it was in
Italy, in Flanders, in Spain, as Mr..
Starkle Gardner points out in his we'll
known handbooks on smithing; and
thus we see how readily We may pass
through an iron gate into the vast
field of modern history-the history
of civilization in Christian times. AS
might have been expected, iron gates
were first set up on sacred ground,
within churches and abbeys. They were
known then as grilles or screens, and
they inclosed the choir and the added
side chapels. A very old one has been
handed down to us-namely, the st.
Swithin grille in Winchester cathedral,
that takes our thoughts back to the
red-handed days of William II. These
gates, We must remember, were slowly
evolved out of much older type of
grille, a grille in bronze, which came
into Use either late in the seventh CEN
fury or early in the eighth. Other &C.
c~lesiastical gates of iron have yet to
be mentioned; they were of later date,
and were put outside a good many sa-
cred buildings. Some r still extant
in this country, the Oldest Of all being
probably those in front of Cirencester
abey, which are supposed to be early
Elizabethan. Like. the younger gates
at Canterbury cathedral, they close the
principal doors.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1900-01-27

under the treatment. Black Tartarian
cherry on Maxard roots, Norway
spruce, hemlock. and, Lawson cypress
did not. The general result Of the
tests was very encouraging to the adj
vocates Of close root pruning.
A series of tests was made by the
Georgia station, mainly with the peach
but including also the apple and
cherry, with results indicating that
peach trees pruned by this method
will live and flourish in this section
even in stiff clay soil and under ad-
verse meteorological conditions. This
statement may also be extended to
cover apples and cherries"
The method was tested at the In
diana station. The season was con-
sidered exceptionally favorable. "The
result of this experiment showed that
the peach tree was capable, after be-
ing deprived of all its roots and
branches, of producing a magnificent
root system and a top to correspond.
The dwarf pear, standard pear, Ger
man prune, and Early Richmond
cherry came next in order, the latter
making very little root development on
the pruEed trees"
GUY E. MITCHELL.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1900-01-27
Native GraAAea.

It is acknowledged that there is no
country in the world so rich In the
number and variety of useful grasses
and forage plants as the United States.
The Investigations of the Division OF
Agrostology have demonstrated mat
the country abounds in native species
adapted to nearly every variety OF OIL
and climate and to almost every re-
quirement. There are upland and low
land varieties, there are woodland n
prairie species, there are kinds which
exist only in the humid regions along
the coast, and there Ire others which
thrive in the arid regions Of the In
terror. Some are productive hay
grasses or afford abundant grazing,
while others again are valuable Tor
fixing drifting sands or retaining I'M
%poverished or waste lands. There are
decorative species for the garden or
lawn, and not a few are useful In the
arts and manufacture. Grasses are
chiefly important, however, as food
plants for all kinds of stock, yielding
beef. mutton, and other animal prod
ucts, which are a source Of great
wealth to the country, and their In
vestigation along these lines is a most
useful and essentially practical work
of this department. The fine quality
of the forage afforded by the native
grasses of our vast cattle ranges Is a
matter of worldwide comment; the
perpetuation and improvement Of the
most valuable sorts are matters OF ex-
IRENE Importance, and these may well
be the subject of practical scientific in
vestieations at our hands.-Report
Dept. of Agriculture.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1900-01-27
TWO BLUFFS.
A Pleasant Meeting Between the Ed

A Pleasant Meeting Between the Edi-
tor and the Reporter.
Jack Rogers was a newspaper report
er and broke. He had hung around
the Dubuque newspaper Offices for a
job until he had been requested to
move on. So he decided to move on
to Des Moines. But how to get there
was the question. Jack put on his
thinking cap, and the result was that
two hours later he found himself on
a train and the conductor standing by
his seat. Ticket" said the conduc-
tor. "See here, conductor" said Jack,
easily, my names Rogers, and I'm q
reporter on the Des Moines Air
Blast I'm broke and I'm in a hurry
to get back home with a big scoop. You
let me ride and the oflcell fix it up
with you. See?" WELL" said the
conductor, II guess that'll do all right.
The road feels friendly toward the Air
Blast In fact, the editor is in the
back coach. Come along and I'll in
troduce you. II he says you're all right
it goes" Jack was knocked all in a
AC0p al LAO IuAA IAA46S udu Ldh0u, Uuk
he had nothing to do but to follow the
conductor. They halted in front Of a
man in the coach, and the conductor
said: "Mr. Smitem, this is MI. Rog-
ers. He says he's a reporter on your
paper, and wants the Office to pay for
his transportation when he gets to Des
.Moines." How do you do, Mr.. ,Rog-
ers?" said the editor pleasantly, ex-
tending his hand. "Glad to see you.
Sit down here with me-" The conduc-
tor didn't wait for any more, but went
of. well, this is nice of you," said
Jack, too astonished and embarrassed
to talk straight. "Of course, I'm not
on your paper, but I'm broke and
yarned to the conductor, hoping to get
a job and square it up later" "Oh.
that's all right, my boy" said the
other. Neither am I on the paper.
I'm only riding on the editors pass
San Francisco. Bulletin.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1900-01-27
Why Milk Varies In Quantity snf KIeh-
moss.

Why is the milk of all mothers, for
weeks after the birth of the offspring,
larger in quantity and poorer in fat?
For this reason: The object Of all milk
giving is the support of the offspring,
says New Zealand Dairyman. In the
earlier babyhood the digestion is weak.
the stomach small, and there exists a
necessity for small amounts and very
frequent feeding. The fat globules are
larger than at any other time during
the period of lactation. This fact it.
self appears to cause the milk to be
more easily digested, to cause the fat
to enter more readily into %pancreative
emulsion. When the globules are
largest they also separate more easily
and thoroughly from the watery me-
dunn. The milk creams more thor
oughly, and the cream churns quicker
and o thoroughly. A peculiar
change seems to take place in the milk
of the cow, and presumably it is so
with all mothers, within about fou-
months after a second CESSATION K
place. There seems to be a peculiar
relation between the finer or essential
oils volatile fatty acids) of milk, and
the growth of the brain and nervous
system in the foetus. 1t has been no.
ticed that the finer flavor of the but
ter-fat departs after the COW has been
about five months in CESSATION, n
that the milk is not as wholesome Tor
young calves or human infants. These
observations furnish strong evidence
of the intimate relation sustained by
the milk-giving organs with all the Or
gans of maternity. 1t is only In the
light of these facts that we can guide
ourselves Alright in many things con-
nected with the management of COWS
and the proper use and handling OF
milk.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1900-01-27
what the Dog Col,

A very curious circumstance hap
pened at Clinton in the fox hunt re-
Gently. The dogs were hard7-on the
heels of a fox, when the fox darted
into a hole, but some obstruction Inn
peded its passage, and 1t only entered
far enough to conceal its body. leaving
the end Of Its bushy tail sticking out
of the hole. When the men came
near they saw one Of the dogs tearing
across the field with the brush in Its
mouth and the fox flying in another
direction, with nothing left of its beau.
tiful tail but the skinned stump. The
dog had literally pulled of the hide.
and having obtained the brush retired
from the contest. Several shots were
fred at the fox, but failed to bring
him down.-Hartford Courant.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1900-01-27
AND GARDEN.
MATTERS OF INTEREST TO
AGRlcULTURlSTS.
Some Up-to-Date Hints About Cul.
tivation of the Soil and Yields
Observation-Disclosures, viticulturs and
Horticulture.

Increasing pms for Good Mutton.
G. F. Curtis, in a report to the De-
partment Of Agriculture, says: The
American people have been character
lied as a nation of pork eaters and
pork producers, with little or no ap-
probation Of good mutton. However
this may have been in the past, the
conditions are rapidly changing. Per-
haps the recent depression in the price
Of wool is largely accountable for the
readjustment and changed condition;
at any rate, there is a constantly in
creasing demand for good mutton in
he United States. The Chicago mar
ket alone in 1894 took nearly a million
more mutton sheep than during any
previous year, and the receipts dur
Ing 1898 are the largest on record.
Notwithstanding the impetus of In
creased demand and good prices and
the rapidly increasing population. the
number of sheep in tie United States
is considerably lower than in former
years. The average of the numbers on
hand each year, January l, from 1891
to 1895 inclusive, was 44,44S,SS5, n
the average of the number on hand
January 1, from 1896 to 1899 inclusive.
was 37,972,212 During the former
period two Canadian provinces. Que
bee and Ontario, sent to u markets
1,524,046 head Of sheep, valued at near
ly $5,000,000. This importation Of NUT
ton sheep from Canada still continues.
Notwithstanding the fact that a heavy
duty is imposed, and that Canadian
mutton is also made on higher-priced
feeds and lands than prevail in our
country. During the past year the
number Of sheep imported at Buffalo
alone was 1887, valued at $574.SS2.
We have also been importing twenty
five to thirty million dollars worth. OF
wool annually during recent years.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1900-01-27
Rsnexade EnglIshman.

The editor of voortrekker, 9 Kr =,
:gersdorp paper, which has gained no
torfetv n late by Its violent attacks
on the Hritlsh race In general and the,
troops ~ particular, is an hnslisns
rurate. and lste head master Of Aliwal.
publie bcleoL
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1900-01-27
A FARMER
Doe. Well In Western Canada.

Virden, Man., Nov. 10, 1899.
Hon. Clifford Sifton, Minister Of the
Interior, Ottawa, Canada-Sir: Think
Ing that my experience in Manitoba
might be both useful and interesting
to my fellow-countrymen in the United
States who may be looking to Mani
toba and the northwest with the in
tention Of settling there, l have much
pleasure in stating that through in
formation received from MI. w. F.
McCreary, immigration commissioner
at Winnipeg, l was induced to visit
Manitoba in February, 1898. When I
called upon Mr.. McCreary he spared NO
pains to give me all the information
ETC., in his possession, the result Of
which was that l came here with 4
letter of introduction from him to the
secretary Of the Virden Board Of
Trade. That gentleman provided mo
with a competent land guide, and,
although there was considerable snow
on the ground, l had no difficulty in
selecting three homesteads for myself
and sons Having made the necessary
homestead entries at the land ONCE in
Brandon, I returned to my home in
Lyon county, Minnesota, and came back
here in May following, accompanied
by one of my boys, bringing with us
two teams of horses, implements. etc.
Our first work was to erect a tempo
rary shanty and stable, after which
we broke and leveled seventy-dve
acres and put up thirty tons Of hay.
I went back to Minnesota about July
20, leaving my son here. l returned
in October, bringing my family with
me. / found that the land we had
acquired was Of good quality, being
a strong clay loan with clay subsoil.
Last spring / sowed 100 acres in wheat
and fifty acres in oats and barley.
(Seventy-five acres of this grain was
sowed on "go-back" plowed last
spring.) My crop was thrashed in
October. the result being over 1900
bushels of grain in all. Wheat aver
aged fifteen bushels per acre and
graded No. / hard, but that which was
sown on land other than sod ("go-
back") went twenty four and one-half.
bushels per acre.
To say that l am we'll pleased with
the result Of my first years farming
operations in Manitoba does not ade-
quately express my feelings, and l
have no hesitation in advising those
who are living in districts where land
is high in price to come out here, II
they are willing to do a fair amount
Of work. I am ten miles from Virden,
which is a good market town, and nine
miles from H%argrave, where there are
two elevators. This summer / erected
q dwelling house of native stone and,
bought a half-section of land adjoin-
ing our homesteads. for which I paid
. very moderate price: There are still
some homesteads In this district. and
land of hne quality can Ne purchased
from the Canadian Pacific Railway
company at $3.50 per acre on liberal
terms. Good water Is generally found
at a depth Of from fifteen to twenty
feet. 1. have 175 acres ready for crop
next year.
The cost Of living here Is about the
same as In southern Minnesota. Some
commodities are higher and others
lower in price, but the average ID
about the same. / remain. your obe-
dent servant. (signed)
JACOB REICHERT.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1900-01-27
PATENTS.
List Of Patents Issued Last Week to
Northwestern Inventors.

Northwestern Inventors.
Joseph w. Bates, Minneapolis, Mimi,
automatic coupling; John +. Hoallor-
an, Chatfield, Mimi. hay rack; Ozello
r. Hunt, Minneapolis, MIMI, spring
bed bottom; Jens Jensen, Page, N. D.,
bread or cake cutter; Benjamin f.
Kelsey, Minneapolis, Mimi, cylinder
%lubricator; John F. Kukacka, Mont
gomery, Mimi, cutter bar; John F.
Luce, Minneapolis, MINI, cable saw:
Frank Il. Stevens, Long Lake, pen.
holder; William H. Welsh, saltwater,
Mimi, laundry apparatus.
Merwin, Lothrop & Johnson. Patent Attor-
neys. OIL & 912 Pioneer Press Bldg. st. Paul
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1900-01-27
Ahandon,a F.rm, in New England.

Abandoned Farms In New England.
NV attention has been called to what
is known as the abandoned farms of
New England. A personal inspection
of some of these farms shows that
they are not abandoned on account OF
sterility of soil, but are in many cases
capable of affording a good living to
Industrious farmers, and under more
favorable auspices than are farms in
some of our new states, on account
of nearness to market, educational In
situations, and other desirable en-
vironments. The agrostologist Of the
department has visited several of these
farms to ascertain in what way help
can be given by the introduction of
grasses suitable to their various con-
ditions, and the soil physicist will
study conditions on these farms and
indicate which soils may be probably
cultivated and which should be de-
voted to forestry. The forester will
also visit these localities and determine
what varieties of trees are most desir-
able. The department will endeavor to
have farmers bulletins prepared
along these several lines for distribu-
ton among the farmers OF New Eng
land.-Secretary of Agriculture Will
son.
Potash and Peach Trees.-Peaches.
like all other products of the soil, need
feeding. Potash and p%hosphoric acid
are the principal constituents required
in making the fruit. An excess. Of MI
,rogen will produce rank growth at
the expense of the fruit buds. Take.
for instance, the peach tree near the
kitchen door which gets plenty Of
soapy water. which. contains a large
amount Of I've (potash). It always has
a full crop. A few pounds OF potash
and phosphate around each tree during
the later winter and you will be more
than repaid for the trouble and ex.
pense. s.
Unless the lambs are to be ~fattened,
feeding them oats should be stopped
after the season is advanced enough to
make good. nutritive grass. But the
oats, varied with some dry wheat bran,
will be needed by the eve until her
milk dries up. In this way q eve may
be kept in milk longer than she is
likely to be when she grows only one
lamb. and receives only the usual
treatment given to ewes with lambs.
There will also be two lambs instead
Of one. and both better than the one
would have been II It received only
ordinary feed and care.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1900-01-27

There are critical moments In every
life when We must act and act quick
.ly.-Rev. D. G. Garrett
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1900-01-27
: o. Daran..

Inker-That was a bold robbery yes
terday. Fellow took aspiano right out
Of the house while the family was eat.
ing dinner.
Photographer-Humph! That's moth.
Ing. I took the new courthouse the
other day right under the noee Of n
Observation-Disclosures American.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1900-01-27
Keep on the Fads.

SIS Orlando Skaggs a companionable
man?"
Eyes, indeed; if you don't let him get
started ON recommendations, or golf, or
germs. or Wagner, or religion, or poll
tics. "-Indianapolis Journal.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1900-01-27

II is reported that packers are no
longer demanding very heavy hogs.
and one that weighs $50 p0uads 10
nov considered . rood one. .sSs
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1900-01-27
The Persimmon.

Efforts are being made to "breed up"
the Virginia persimmon. Persimmons
and coon hunts are intimately asso-
ciated. With the cold frosty nights of
autumn ome the desire to follow the
dogs and hear that excited bark as a
coon is freed, and this weather also
takes the pucker out of the persimmon
and makes it toothsome alike to
darkey and to possum. The Tennessee
Experiment Station considers the wild
persinmon a promising fruit CONNER
cially. The very limited culture which.
it now receives is profitable and the
supply is not equal to the demand.
These conditions have been an incen-
tive during the past few years to the
improvement of the wild types. It is
expected that a fruit will be secured
OF considerably larger SIZE and one in
which the seeds do not constitute such
a large proportion. OF course the Jap
anese Val. eties form a high and mar
ketablc order OF fruit, but these are
more or less tender against cold.
9NllI0lS u 0OUd.-4NllIdI6 VI SOU1
works particularly we'll on acid soils,
the res. uual soda tending to improve
tLe.r chemical character. In relation
to sulphate OF ammonia the reverse is
true. owing to the residue being a
stroag mineral acid. On quite acid
soils sulphatc OF ammonia acts inju-
liously at once or after a few years,
provided the land is not lined, treated
with wood ashes or dressed annually
with large amounts Of stable manure.
This enect Of sulphate OF ammonia
has been noticed at Kingston, Hope
Valley, and Abbott Run. in Rhode
Island; at North Iiadley in. Massachu-
sets; by Prof. sanborn at Hanover.
N. H., and by l,oi. Phelps III Con-
recticut. Tie extended Rhode Island
experiments have shown the power OF
lime III correcting these sail condi-
,t!ors.
There Is AN inclination among some.
poultry writer's to charge youp to colds.
TIE fari is that q cold and ronp are
very different things. Roup Is y bac-
lerini disease. and 4 cold is not. Bu.
a cold nay make the bird more easily
attacked by rcup germs that may 81
II the poultry house.