The Morris County chronicle. [volume] (Morristown, N.J.) 1877-1915, 1900-12-28
FARMERS
INSTITUTE
Speakers from the State Board
Of Agriculture at Hanover.

sey in Sending Fruits to Europe
Success and Get There
Valuable Hints from DR.. B. D
HaIsted of New Brunswick.
Several eminent representatives ot
the New Jersey State Board of Agri-
culture came to Hanover and con,
Quoted farmers Institute on the
10th and goth inst, the opening meet.
ing being led by Secretary Franklir 1
Dye, on the topic What are you
Farming For?" Mrs. Mary R.
Brown, of Swedesboro, also spoke on
the matter of Education for Farm
Life. AS our readers will. no doubt,
recognize some of the names of the
speakers, we will mention briefly some
of the points they made.
Opening the morning session on
Thursday, Secretary Dye observed
that the time had passed when farm.
ers could grow crops at haphazard,
and take them to market and expect
to get price equal to that secured by
the painstaking grower, and in proof,
he cited the instance of American fruit
in the foreign market. While New
Jersey can produce apples equal to
any in the world in quality and is
situated near the chief shipping port,
the California people can afford to
pay freight across the continent, be-
sides the ocean toll and still beat us
in the European trade. Therefore
he urged, "Find out what the mar
ket demands, and help each other. =
DR.. Byron D. Halsted, the genial
professor of botany and horticulture
at New Brunswick, then led most
able and helpful discussion on sue
cess. ? He said the common phrase
"Get There" defined it about as we'll
as anything and that it depended
on many things: that the way to it
was very crooked-like the letter s (:
First, The Seed. 1t should be l..
sound; 2, selected. Farmers should
test their Seeds, to see whether they
were alive or not and he said that
good way to do this is. between
pieces of wet blotting paper. Also,
that melon seed was good years,
but that parsnip seed would not grow
after a year.
In the matter of selection. the Prof
essor said that one could breed plants
just as we'll as animals, that earliness
may be attained by planting seed
not quite ripe, but that it MAJ be at
the expense of vigor. Generally,
vigor, combined with fruitfulness
should be sought for: illustration,
corn.
III. Situation. Study the relation
of seed to soils. Peach trees cannot
stand having their feet in water.
Second, the soil must be rich, of
course. Third, sunshine plants must
have it after they start. but the ex-
ception of growing pumpkins in
cover, is owing to the great broad
leaves of the former that seem to
catch what light is sifted through.
1t is a common mistake to put in
too much seed.
H. Sanitation-First, soaking wheat
in hot water of 1876 degrees tempera-
ture, will kill the smut without in
jurIng the grain. Corn smut is differ
ent, as it attacks any part of the
plant and propagates in the barn
yard. Therefore, the best means to
get rid Of corn smut is to cut it off
and burn it. Second, the professor
recommended the Bordeaux Mixture,
and said that spraying apparatus
was essential to the farmer nova
days, but said that paris green
could not be mixed with any am
monia compound. Third, Leaving
vegetables to rot on the ground,
carries infection for other crops
Therefore, burn the rubbish. He also
recommended sowing rye in the fall
to blanket" the ground
Nv. In closing, for satisfaction
one must have, first, strong hands Sec
ond, good head (come to the Instr
tutes) and thirdly, be sympathetic.
In the afternoon, Professor John B.
Smith. of New Brunswick spoke On
Grain and Fruit and Their Enc
mics. He said that American fruit
outsells that of Europe, but that
European growers excel us in me-
thods. They destroy tie fruit that
drops on the ground, and band
the trunks of the tree with burlaps al
certain time to shelter the larvae,
all of Which are burned later. The
Hungarians do this religiously-when
the last bell rings for the last time
on particular day. The professor
recommended scraping the trunks OF
the trees from loose bark, and wash
ing with potash solution
To DESTROY the larvae Of the corr
worm. he advised blowing corntields
in the fall and says that rotation OF
crops would benefit in this regard.
The Hessian fly can also be gotten rio
of by waiting for drought 70 be
broken by rain before sowing the
grain. The San Jose scale is being