The daily morning journal and courier., 1900-02-10

!
 erect is swung around and dropped in
 to it's place and closed tighcly By thi
 time the vessel will be nearly awash | While reaching the awash position sh ] is run in the direction in which it i necessary to steer, steam power beinl
 still employed until the steam pressur
 in the boiler is run off.
 As soon as the horizontal position a
 the proper depth is attained an autom atic apparatus prevents further con
 siderable movement in a vertical direc
 ton. If by failure of any part of thi
 apparatus the vessel should run to greater depth than is desired, say be
 yond forty feet deep, the tower end O
 the lever engages with a short leve
 that operates a valve placed on an ali
 pipe leading forward to the forward
 section of the boat. When forty fee
 depth or more is reached a charge O
 air will be allowed by this valve tc
 pass from the service air reservoir
 through it along this pipe into the bow
 section of the vessel, forcing the watel
 contents out through the valve on tht
 bottom. This will immediately expe l 1,550 pounds of weight of water, reduc ing the weight of the vessel by SC
 much and communicating a strong up
 ward tendency equal to about thirty
 one tons to the bow of the vessel on ac' count of it's great leverage from the
 centre of buoyance.
 If necessary the engines may be
 stopped and the part of the driving that failed adjusted; but if the trouble
 be not serious, steering in vertical d. rection can be done by hand. Water
 may be readmitted to the bow section by allowing the air charge to escape
 and opening the valve at the bottom of
 the chamber.
 The first part of the submerged run
 is made with steam, but in about one
 minute the pressure in the boiler is ex-
 hausted and the temperature greatly
 reduced Steam is then shut off, the
 large dynamo started and the friction clutches on the engine screw shafts opened The vessel can then proceed on the submerged run with the power derived from the storage batteries. Should it be desired to stop or lie still submergd, but not on tn bottom, two small auxiliary water ballast spaces, or diving tanks, are allowed to fill with water by permitting the air they con- tain to escape. If it be advisable to remain below the surface of the water without going to the bottom while in soundings, instead of expending power to overcome the small remaining re- served buoyance, the vessel may be an chored and the apparatus controlling the horizontal rudders adjusted to hold the vessel at the depth required. She will lie there without much change of level, unless there is absolutely no cur rent or tideway
 When it is necessary to come near the surface for observation, either when moving or lying still, the camera lu- cida placed between the projections on the turret and slightly to one side may be raised to the height of four feet above the top of the turret. This is capable of being reYolved so that the whole horizon may be swept; but, if rapidly, it Is very much more to bring the vessel to the surface of the water allowing the top If the turret to project for few sec- onds. An all-around view may thus be and bearings corrected with put revealing any noticeable bulk above the surface, and this movement ,an be made rapidly enough to prevent he possibility of it's being sighted, fred upon and hit by anything larger han rifle bullets.
 Thirty cubic feet of air at pressure If 2.O00 pounds per square inch are car iaI i,, o;, ic If air is more than sufficient fer the supply of the crew during six hours the usual maximum ime of the submerged run leaving an lbundant reserve for operating the hy- lraulic cylinders and the water ballast. | But if, by any chance the supply CT air 'hould run out-if, for instance, thare were no opportunity of storing air while he vessel was on the surface-the sup | ,ly can be renewed while submerged or ying on the bottom in water less than | fifty feet deep, by allowing float, car 1 ying a two-inch hose pipe on a reel | ,laced aft of the after companionway in | he superstructure to rise to the surface if the water, carrying the hose pipe with it and holding it open and above he surface. The connection with this eel may be carried to small air com 'ressor, driven by the small dynamo aft, nd a sufficient quantity of air for sev- ral hours use stored in a few minutes ime The boat can lie indefinitely un- Ter the same conditions, renewing the upply of air as may be required.
 The boat may be brought to the sur ace from submerged condition as fol- 1ws: If lying still and anchored, the nchor ie raised and the upward force f the reserve buoyancy permitted to ring the vessel to the surface. If the essel happens to be running submerged is simply steered to the surface by the orizontal rudders. If it be necessary to erform this maneuver rapidly, air ressure few pounds greater than that ue to the depth of immersion is exerted yer tn water in the ballast compart- rents and they will be quickly emptied. When the vessel reaches the a-wash ostion, the smokestack may be erected S rapidly as it was shipped and the re started afresh.
 During an action the dives will prob- bly, be very short, as the boat, will be bliged to go under water only when lenaced with torpedoes carried by tor edo boats and when it is necessary to pproach the vessel attacked unobserv- l., Rapid-fire guns may be disregard l. Advantage may be taken of the ractical invulnera bility of the vessel hen running a-wash with full steam ,