The Savannah morning news., 1900-12-30

ducts, India rubber. aluminium, the telc-
sfaph. the telephone. the electric light
ihc electric furnace. the stoihoscopo. che
apectroscopc, the compound microscope
the list could run on Tor pages The hero
OF tho century b. the stcam engine. ready
10 supply almost Hm.tless power. and 90
is aid in che last third OF ihc century
came the dynamo witch may some da1
suppant g. Whatever electricity may ac-
compllsh hereafter the work of the Nine
iecnth century has been done hy steam
statiHticians have computed chat tne
Word b. now using iooo"ooo horse pow-
e.. the equivalent of tho labor of thr
whole % 500 population that H Capable
~ work Hy the side Of Tho steamship.
the locomotive and she musory engines.
the steam hammer. the stssm drodges.
the steam dral, the steam pump aud the
steam pillow are al work t'ultuu's little
Clcrmont has grown iuto ilc blg heutsch-
land with 10 81 90 horse power quadruplo
expansion engines driving i,s mass OF ih.-
90 tons. az u knots AN hour in Eve daA
across th- Atlantic and into thc \ip-r
with Ne turbine engines. makink its forty
miles an hour Ia che seventy ave years
since Strvenson's locomotive started ou
the nrst railroad journey. 4sooo Males az
track have formed Il network round THE
earth. and giants have been constructed
that can drag loads OF nearly 5000 tons
al a speed % ten miles an hour. while
others maintain a speed % o. miles an
hour for hundreds OF miles. ana at
pinch make 80 or NO miles an hour The
idea Of distance has been we'll nigh ooiii-
Grated a. that OF lime has been by the
telegraph II Is but a. years since the
fret Atlantic cable was laid. aud the
earth has heen giriled hy cables and
wires. save for the width OF the Pacific
ocean
Marvel. of EnEtn~erinE.
UnexAmpled feats of engineering have
bsen performed. The ship canal through
the Isthmus OF sueE has shortened tho
road to India and restored tho old trade
route through the Mediterranean. The
Baltic and the North sea have been join
ed. AMI ocean vessels can nov reach the
Great Lakes The great cantilev@r bridge
across the Firth q Forth and the sus-
pension bridge over tho East river show
what the nineteenth century bridge build
ers could do. Tunnels have been dug
through the Alps, at Mont Gents and
the ST. Gothard. the latter winding over
itself within the mountain. Tunnels nave
been driven. too. under tho ~ Clair river.
the Mersey aud the Thames. new archi-
GESTURE IA steel has been devised which
erects buildings twenty and thirty stories
high. and towers that rise thousand feet
In the air
The output Of minerals has been enor-
nous. Since tho discovery Of gold boo CAL
ifornia and Australia 'he worlds stock %
the precious metal has been trehied and
silver has almost ceased TO Do re-
gnrded as a precious metal but this
production H. exceeded IN value hy
the coal. the iron, the copper. that
have been mined IN the same period.
Improved Conditions OF Itfe for Hich
and Poor aiiLe.
A remarkable result Of tho food OF In
ventions on social life has been the e.
tablishnlent OF practical equality among
men. Ia was inevitable that their prod
ucts or thelr effects should become com
mon and within the reach Of an, The
average Of welfare and Of comfort
throughout the civilized world Is incom-
parsbiy higher than in any earlier CEN
fury and the Improvement consists main
ly in what has been added 60 the power o.
each individual. Little distinction be-
tween persons IL possible in the use Of
rapid transportation. OF abundant and
cheap clothing or fuel. or food. ~ public
ami private sanitary arrangements. OF
books. of the discoveries Of medical sci
cnce. and 20 on. 10 e. an equality that
has been made by raising the weaker.
not by lowering the stronger An
mary development Of organization among
large bodies Of men. and the spirit OF dis
cipiine. without which n would be im-
possible 10 carry on any large industrial
undertaking The working Of railroad
depends ~ much on every employee doing
his SLOTTED task AZ the right moment as
" does on the action OF every piece ia the
mechanism Of che locomotive Men work
together for a common purpose aa shey
never did before.
what Modern Science Has Done.
Greatest Of all blessings In che saving
o. sun ering TO mankind was the dlscov-
cry Of anacsthetica iG 1874 aud al the
end OF the century, instead OF the total
unconsciousness produced by ether or
chloroforln methods have been found 20
render aenseless 20 pain only those parts
OF the body on which the surgson'e knife
must act Tho finding Of minute animal
and vegetable organisms IN the body
brought forth Pasteur'r solution Of tho
process OF fermentation: the examination
OF micro-organisms and OF their action on
the body established the science OF bac-
teroinFy with its two-fold results. the dis
oovery Of the microbes OF specific diseases
with the process OF incubation a. n
means Of cure. and Listers eliminat .ou
81 gaF.grene from surgical operations by
the uBe OF sntisepiicH an Improvement
that has thrown open 10 investigation
every part OF the living body
The microscope has removed the bound
AIRY between animal and vegetable life.
n has been demonstrated that all organic
tissue IL built up Of cells-that r.. Of
bits OF protoplasm supplied with a nu-
clens. and u Is generally accepted among
biologists that the protoplasm is for all
purpSes Identical IN plants and animals,
that "a r. the physical basis Of life. and
that every cell springs from another cell.
The synthcHis Of organic products from
chemical elements Ia the laboratory de-
molished the theory Of vital force" aud
proved that only natural elements euter
into the composition Of animal matter.
Changes of Relief wrought ny che
Evolutionary Theory.
The boundary Is set aside. TOO. iu The
csnfury's answer 10 the problem OF life
| on the globe. 'rhe theory Of evolution,
/ the transmutauon Of one species from
/ another by added charae teristics and the
/ common origin In one original form, ad-
| vanced BY I4sufarack. has satisfied mems
minds since Charles Darwin IN le5, IA HIS
/ "oriEin Of Species BY Natural Selection
| demonstrated the variations IN species
and pointed out their causes. Il has be-
cassse impossible 20 believe iu a special
! creation Of man. belief against which
I ths biologists as well have accumulated
| evidence. The theory % cainciysmal
j changes in the earth's surface has been
abandoned In the past, as In the pres
ent. changes we're gradual and must have
I gone on through cons Of time. the fossil