The times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1897-1901, 1900-04-22

eieu oy Dutch chemists.
hear it! 'Ns'e
There are two accepted definitions OF
tne word sound. and the answer to this
question depends 81 which definition ia
taken. II Is no. If sound is defined as a
sensation; yes. If 1t is taken as the causes
that create the sensation.
Arc debtors Imprisoned in England a, thi. days
4. and B.
by bankruptcy act that went into effect
in November, 1851, Imprisonment for debt
when not fraudulent was abolished. Eight
years later the imprisonment of fraudulent
debtors was abolished, though exceptions
remained and do to this day.
occur? W "
1t was revolt iDstigated by William
Net, OF Norfolk, England. in July, 1919.
re demanded reforms and gathered an in
surgent force OF &c, COO men He was quick
iy defeated by the Earl of Warwick, and
with some Of his lieutenants was tried in
November and soon after hanged
What prevents an oblong or conical cannon shot
from gong end end? 2 What is their adj
vantage over spherical shot that would go straight
OF themseiyes2 T. p ~
The rotary movement given to the pro-
Jecule by the guns rifling. 2. They have
greater accuracy than round shot, greater
capacity for given calibre, greater range
for equal initial velocity. and greater PEN
etration for equal striking velo,ity
How old an art is taxidermy? VIZ.
1t is a comparatively modern one. hay-
ing beginning so far as is known,
about the first of the sixteenth
century. 1t is supposed to have
originated in a desire to preserve the
strange creatures brought to Europe by
early navigators. Until this century was
wen along the work done was anything
but artistic
What different chemicals may be used to charge
a carbon and zinc battery? j. c. W.
For the Bunsen type of battery, use the
strongest nitric acid in the porous Jar,
and sulphuric acid and water in the outer
Jar. This is powerful battery capable of
constant current. For bicromate of
potash cell, which gives a powerful occa-
sional current, use bicromate Of potash
and sulphuric acid In the outer jar only.
There are many others
What is the value Of Queen victoria's CROWN
NJ. D. ii.
The imperial state crown OF England
contains 1 large ruby, 1 large sap
phire, 16 sapphires, II emeralds, rubies.
1853 brilliant diamonds, 1918 rose dia-
monds, 147 table diamonds, drop-shaped
pearls, and 273 pearls Of other form. The
crown was made by firm of London jew
elers in large degree from the Jewels of
old crowns, and its cost we do not know.
Are Fame and smoke gases, and Just what
composes them? C. C. d.
l.,
substance will become luminous like fame
at any temperature. The fame consists
of small solid particles heated to mean
descence. As they have contact with the
air they burn up. Such as cool to below
the point of incandescence turn to SCOT and
become the visible portion of smoke. The
Invisible ingredients are earbonic acid, nj
trogen, and various other gases and va
pors.
Are water-coor paintings permanent, and are
any Of them 10 be classed high art?
L. A. T.
Water color paintings, as distinguished
from tinted drawings, have been known to
retain their brilliancy and freshness for
ninety years, and on such facts rests a
lain for entire permanency. very high
iegree of artistic skill is displayed in the
better grades OF water-color paintings. To
he ease with which dauber can dash off
sketches Astounding in start
ing effects is due the belief by many that
I is trifiing art.
What is the difference between the Gregorian
md the Julian year? P. L.
The Julian year consisted of 365 IA
lays, and was II minutes and 1895 seconds
n excess of the true solar year. To cor
-ect this error was one of the purposes of
he reformation of the calendar made by
Pope Gregory XIII in 1882. The excess at
hat time had amounted TO ten days. These
EN- days Gregory exeised from the calen-
lar, making the following rule OF inter-
;alation: Every year whose number is di-
'isibIe by four without remainder is a
cap year. excepting years divisible by
100. which to be leap years must be di-
'isible by 400. Thus the Gregorian year
liffers from the true solar year by only
5.95 seconds, or day in 3,325 years.
What are the names Of the thirteen mer to
rhom Congress has awarded medals, and for what
'ere the medals awarded! I. X o.
great many more than thirteen medals
lave been awarded to American citizens
" Congress. Here is a list of thirteen
iven prior to 1882: Gen. George Washing
on, for the capture of Boston; Gen.
raj Gates, for the defeat of Burgoyne;
zen. anthony Wayne, and Major John
tewart, for storming Stony Point; Ma
or Henry Lee, for the surprise of Paulus
look: John Paulding. David Williams, and
saac Van Vert, for the capture of Andre;
ieneral Morgan. Lieut. Col. William
and Lieut.. Col. John E. How
I'd. for the victory at COwpens; General
reene. for victory at Eutaw Springs.
What IS the history Of the establishment of the
at OF Government at Washington? j. r.
There was a protracted conflict in Con-
ress over claims of rival localities for
lie seat of Government, and this ended in
compromise. Philadelphia was made the
ipital for ten We lrs. with the agreement
nat after 1880 il was to be established on
lie Potomac Maryland and Virginia coded
IN miles square of land for a Federal
istrict in 17sS-'9, and in choosing sites
u public buildings squares, etc, Presi-
ent Washington located the forthcoming
ty on the Maryland side of the river. On
uly g. 1916. Congress retrOceded the Vir-
mia portion, including the city Of Alex
ndria, to Virginia. Sixtyfour square
lilies were left
In what State and Territories may first cousins
AIRY? .. What is the birthstone for each month
I'd the significance of each? o. T.
The States which forbid marriage be-
yeen first cousins are Illinois, Indiana,
ansas Missouri. Montana. Nevada. New
ampshire. North Dakota. Ohio Oklaho-
a. Oregon, South Dakota, Washington,
ID Wyoming. .. This is jewelers. list.
Inuary. garnet cOnstancy; February.
nethyst, gentleness; March. pearl, puri-
; April, diamond riches; May. emerald,
ppiness: June. cat's-eye. long life; July,
by, freedom from unkindness; August,
oonstone, courage; September. sapphire.
rduess. October opal hone November