davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Scranton Wochenblatt. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1865-1918, 1900-05-10
SIOO SelUbnuns. 500.

Die gslsr tititr 3situns presu lid frrutn ,u
rfabrru, hap ss psnistns sins ssfiirbttis
araufbtt girbt, psldE bic Wi0tnlbaft In al'
ibrtu Sufsn Su bsilsn TN Staubs il; Saa's
aatarrb.aur 1T eit dujiss irgt err Grltli6n
Sriieni6aft bsfaunts pOiitipr Sur. aatanb
srfprbert aIs cine SOuiiitutirusiranfbri cine
rOuftutOnfIls SsbanpIung. Saa's aatarrb.
Sur pirp innnli& ssnpmmsn unp pirIt birtit
auf has Slut unp biz itltimiatn SbrlGtsn
ers Spltenls, bdeurb bic grunpd1e Ter Aranf.
belt ssrltSrtup uuo esm pdtisnitn ardit asbsnt,
int I'm iis bic SpnliimtiOn ess aprptrs auftaut
uno bsr Natur in ibrtm g4tris bilft. Die 81.
asutbumu babtu 10 ptsI gsrtraufu ;u ibrtn
SsiItGflsu, bae le siuhuneui Dollars Brlpb.
nuus fur ittsu 6aa aubistrn, btn lie III furirsn
prftbIsn. qaBt Gu6 cine 9iifs Spn 3su nirn
tUmmen. Olan apTrlIin:
8. 3. Sbeurp & Co., 5plsep, ..
D5- 9rrfauft ppu alien apUtbsrru, 75r.
Saas 6amilirn piIlrn iiHc bic btlftn.
Scranton Wochenblatt. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1865-1918, 1900-05-10
Stabtrath.
GeIect GnunciI & N

Select Souncll, 3 Ufal.
Oliper brabte eine 8eiolulion Dor, bic
anssnommsn purbs unb bsspsft. bab
Der Poliseidef mad bem l Stunt monat'
lid batiber beribte, pie oft 9oIi3iFtsn
bon ibren PHidten abneienb iinb uno tie
@rdnoe oafiir. Wlc9lnbrenS eIaubte,
BOB bies cine ginleituns our @ntfernuns
bon YOli,iitsn iei unb iblus ipdter 9Sls.
bererndeune Der Reiolution Dor, tpaS
isbo6 perpsieert ipurbe. Solsenbe lpeia
tere borsebrahte &eioIutionen tpurben
obne Gommentur ebenfaas ansenommsn {:
WsIpin-Dsn glfs @rIaubnib sebenb,
sinsn 1beil bon @pomins Gpsnue su
elmer Sair su benuBen unb ;war obns
9ssabluue elmer 2benS. SbomaS Dem
@eorse Slmss erlaubenb, iein Sadion
StraBe @Ieentbum init bem boriisen ab,
sussfanal su perbinben. 8au8ban -
Den StraBenfommifdr anipeiienb, bab
er bic Scranton Sos unb WaHer Som.
panic aufforbere, enttpeber ibre Saupt.
naGerrbbre su entfernen ober nsu su le.
gen. pslte nabe Daibinston 4penue
Die grbauune bss II. Diitritts absuss.
tanals binoert. WeAnbretps - Den
Stabteeometer antpeiienb, bic 2inisn an
Broblbenee 8oao. bon albright 4penue
bis sur Weft @arbon Sirabe, feii,uitel.
len, UNI bariiber su beridten unb aud
ausfnbis su MAIDEN. Of bic Strabe Bon
Semano aneeeisnet wurbe. Sames -
Den gbtpaaren . Snipeitor anpelienb,
itrift basu su ieben. oab bic 8eisSe in
9etreff bes 8ertaufs bon 4unitbutter
our6esfiibrt tpetben.
2aut bem 8sridt bss bstreif Gomites
erbielten SunfaQ & @oIf ben @oniraft
aum Druden Der fidbiii6en Oroinan,en,
Ger Republiean unb bic tribune ben
@cntrait fur ftdbtif6e Anssisen. Die
8eioIuiion, ipsIte cine bsitimmte SDbe
Der elsftriiden 2idt 9fOHsn fshfeai,
unb bic, tpeIbe Der Scranton 81 , Seat
unb 9opsr 60. erlaubt, unter 9saufiit.
tieune beS Staoieeometers cine WnHsr,
t6bre iiber ben biiliden 8ossn ber Sin,
ben Strabe Bride bu lesen. nureen
sbsniaas bsitdtiet.
SOleenbe neue OrbinanSen tpurben
uno referlrt: SbtDoer
,Slr StsinpIatten Seitenipspe auf Der
ptiti6sn Seite bon 9ittStOn Apenue,
iptidsn Der ROarins SrCcf Bride unb
Ripsr Strobe. Robe-Sdr StsinpIat.
sn Ssitsntpsee uno Rinnitsine an 8ibs
on Struss, bon @npouie sur 8aibIne.
on Npenus. WleAnbreipS STIR Steins
,Iatisn Seitsnpese auf Der ipsflihsn
5eite pon ROrb Nuin 4ueuus, spii9sn
ssmstsrp unO PsttsbOns, stpii&sn @sme'
Scranton Wochenblatt. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1865-1918, 1900-05-10
@ilfeSbarre Raaridten.

SIM aItsr bon 90 Sabrsn berf6iet
an SOnntue bubisr 6rleorid 5rant an
einem HiidmartIeioen.
- @mmet 8. Scoit, anasbIih bon
Roarpts. 8a., ber in SOtsl Sterling ii.
men psrtbIoien @bed pon $3.50 peraus.
sabte, iist ieBt I'M @efdnenb; er Bat in
msbreren anbersn pIdbe iit elm eIsi6,
artissS 8ereeben su StulOen tOmmsn
Iahen,
- Die Dliner unh SinbIanssr Der
8uttonpooo 3ebe, etpa 450 an Der
3nbI, lssten am Dienftas bic Nrbsit ME.
Der, ipsiI Elm tpessn unidbigieit sntIniIes
uer Anesiellter ni6t pleoer surddssnpm.
men ipuroe. @eitrn DiOrssu lam ss
,niiden ben Strelfsrn uno ben aneeren
9lrbeueIn ,u einsm 8rapna, pobei
z shHe ubssfeusrt uno msbrere Psrio.
nsn psrIsBt tpuresn.
Scranton Wochenblatt. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1865-1918, 1900-05-10
Hrmeus 8ehorbe.

gtlpa elm babies Dubsnb IppIifantsn
fir unteritdBuus buiten ii6 am Sreitae
bei per 8eriummIune Obiser 8st6rbe
sinseheat. oeren odae in Der sepbbnli'
der Meiie erIeoist puroen. Superin'
tenbent 8eemer beridtete, bab am l,
Wai pas Siafce Seim 463 Snfafsn
entbielt. 2aut oem 8eribt pes S6nB'
meiitsr bate oerieIbe am l. Wlai Sll,,
067 65 an Suno, anitatt tpis bisb!r um
Oieie 9eit cine erid6pfts 8afs. Oie re,
selmabisen &ebnunsen purben sur Be-
snblung beoroert.
Scranton Wochenblatt. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1865-1918, 1900-05-10
Gefunebeitss Seb6ree.

@ins furse Notwithstanding bic.
fer 86rperiduft funO am 0onneritue
abenb itutt. Die 8eri6te Der beridis'
bsnsn 8samten tuurben bsrleien unb
oann sur @intrasune beorbert. @Bpaa'
rem. Snipeftor Niomuper beridtete. bnb
aus 100 Wtlabdnblern Der Stabt. nur
etipa 70 Iaut bsm @eiebs 2Denisn er.
Ianst baben, poruuf er lnitruirt ipurb,
bnsu su isben, bab bic anberen es sbsns
ials tbun, ooer nit Der pOaen Strense
Oes @eiesss perfoIst perben.
Scranton Wochenblatt. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1865-1918, 1900-05-10
StaOt nnO GOuntb.

sS- 2ieblins bsr Sausfrauen -
Piusburp's Bet berfauft bel Gbiparb
Siebeder, $50 9afa. Qpe.
Scranton Wochenblatt. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1865-1918, 1900-05-10
Seramtott
SrattSfer g.
Simmer ,nberlaiiis.
naeb Dem 8eifimms
nu9sprt reSiifrirt.

8oIlitdnoigs arrangements iino
NIT Der 8eitcott Ggpreb Gompa.
ME bon Der Stabt Stem gorf ge.
troffen poroen, iOoab Sbr @epdd
oireft bon Sbrer bieii9en 8obnuns
nad irseno einem Sbeile Der Staot
Stem yorf, bem Borough BON
Manbattan, slSburD 4arf. Ocean
@roue unb anoeren Sommerauf.
se.checked peroen fam
Sllle SOrten SranSfer @rbeiten
prompt uno aufrieoenitelleno be.
Ior9t.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1900-12-01

Anxious Over the Result of the An
napOlis-West Point Game.

Anxious Over the Result of the An
napOlis-West Point Game.
Despite it's distance from the seat of war,
it is doubtful if any event on American soil
last year caused more excitement in the
Philippine Islands than the report from the
Apnapolis-West Point foot ball game. They
were talking about it at the War Depart
ment the other day, and the officer who at
that time was in charge of the Manila cable
Office happened to be present.
1t will be remarked that the game be-
tween the army and navy last year was the
first that had occurred since December 2,
1892 On that eventful day the navy won
by the small margin of to A. having kick
ed the goal after it's single touchdown
while the army failed to do 1t left the
score by games something like three to one
in the navy'S favor. Then the contests
We're stopped, ostensibly because it inter
fered with the course of studies at the two
great academies, but in reality so rumor
lad it, because staid and respectable rear
admirals and brigadier generals on the re-
tired list had been going broke on the re-
suit of the games and pulling hair in the
CLUBS after it was over as to the criminal
incompetence and fallbility of umpires and
referees. However, the only bearing this
has on last years game is to indicate the
state of high tension with which the result
was waited by both arms of the service,
even in the distant Philippines.
Last December all Manila had been wait
ing the outcome of the game with anxiety,
but the cable office had closed, with no re-
port in. The account of the cable officer
in question was about as follows:
You see, we got the score after every
thing was closed up for the night and 1
was about going home. When l heard the
message and found the army had won /
jumped up to headquarters and found the
adjutant just coming down stairs. l told
him the score and he let out a yell you
could hear down to the end of the Escolta
and we both made break back to the tele-
graph office The news went all over Ma
Mia without any further assistance, but We
reused up every office on the military tele-
graph system, and in about fifteen minutes
the score was distributed pretty well all
over the Island of LuZon, from the China
sea to the far end of Laguna bay. l guess.
counting relays, it may have taken it forty
five minutes to get over the interfsland ca
bles and down to the Sulu Archipelago: but
they told me afterward that wherever the
news struck the men just cut loose and
made the night lively, till the insurgents all
thought we were coming out to eat them
without salt
1t may be imagined that the news this
year will be awaited in the distant islands
with almost equal anxiety, and it is fact
that private messages have been received
within the past week both at the War and
Navy departments that had paid full COM
mercial rates all the way from Manila to
inquire of experts here to the prevailing
odds on the coming game.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1900-12-01

pert surf rider and was taught geography
navigation and astronomy. Arrived at
manhood he became a great sailor and
made the round trip between Hawaii and
Tahiti, travelling about 5000 miles over
seas. These old navigators had gotten so
far in the economy of long voyages as to
have devised a perfectly seaworthy craft,
built to hold from two to fifty persons each,
and admirably rugged for sailing. Dried
breadfruit and other desiccated foods were
economical rations for long voyages.
Not all these Journeys were successful.
There are melancholy traditions in the is
lands telling of tribal expeditions which set
out and were never again heard of; victims
probably to. the furious hurricanes of the
Pacific. Nor have all the more modern
voyages turned out well. In 1880 Mar
shall Island f1otilla OF 100 canoes set out,
and all save one were destroyed. AS late
as 1850 fleet of thirty-five canoes sailed
from Jaluit, but was heard from more.
Doubtless these brave and venturesome
mariners have paid as heavy a price in hui
man life as any of the civilized races whose
explorations have broadened the world
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1900-12-01
TURNED A NEAT TRICK.
But 1t Didn't Have Much Eject O
the Pass Fiend.

But 1t Didn't Have Much Eject on
the Pass Fiend.
From the Chicago Tribune.
The division passenger agent had passed
through a weary day and was tired. 1t
seemed to him everybody thought be was
under obligations to them. Dozens of per-
sons had applied to his office daily for
fayors ever since it had been opened but
it seemed as if the record had been broken
on this day, when he was vexed from the
heat and longed for his fiat on the North
Side, from the windows of which he could
catch the breezes off the lake and could
hear the cool and refreshing waters beat
gently against the facing piers. He was
just on the eve of closing his desk when
his office boy handed him an envelope
1mpatiently he tore it open and read it's
contents. The letter contained a request
from friend of his in the south that he
get for the bearer pass to Boston. Now
Boston was not on his line, and he knew
the officials of the roads that went there
but slightly. Still, the writer was a friend
who had shown him many favors. 1t
wouldn't do to slight the man he had sent
with the letter. He told the boy to show
him in. Arising from his seat. he took the
man by the hand, and, after shaking it as
cordially as his temper would permit, asked
him to be seated.
From my old friend, Bill Stallings, eh?
Now. there isn't anything 1 could do for
Bill l wouldn't run to do. Going to Boston ?
Well. think we can fix that all right
Picking up the telephone receiver, he
called loudly for main 1856. or course there
was no such number in the directory, but
the southerners didn't know that.
Yes, yes; main 1886. Hurry up, please"
(The operator: who do you want? Get
your book and look at it, Yes, yes. This
is Mr.. Blewett of the Duluth Central. Tell
Mr.. Bowers. the general passenger agent of
the Boston Air Line, to come to the phone. -
The operator: Say. what's the matter
Mr.. Bowers? This is Blewett of the Duluth
Central. Say. 1 have particular friend
who wishes to go to Boston over your line,
and you would accommodate me greatly if
you would send pass for him over by your
boy. Hey? Yes. Great friend. No; he ism t
Why. sure. I'll stand for it. Oh, know all
about what the traffic association would
say, but forget em and hurry along with
it." (The operator: Say, crazy man!
What do you think you are doing?')
mo, no. Mr.. Bowers Well, 1 am not try
ing to tell you how you should run your
business but 1 will say this: If you refuse
YOU get no more business from our line If
l can help it. And don't You get tmpudent
about it, either What's that you said?"
CThe operator: Say, little boy. am going
to tell Miss Lucy CASTOR about you. Better
get new brand.'D We'll. I'll tell you this,
Mr. Bowers, 1 have heard that you were a
ruffian; now 1 know 1t"
Then he placed the receiver back in its
place. Turning to his caller. he said: Il
am greatly mortified. 1 would have bet
that he would have sent 1t without a muir
mur-the unaccommodating whelp!'
The stranger, placing his hand to his ear.
said: "Sir? You will have to speak louder
7 I'M
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1900-12-01

charts for years, and who was intimate
with Chief Lojak. says that the greatest
secrecy il observed about the use of these
charts. There is no coast survey or hydro
graphic office to furnish copies for few
cents to any navigator. If there were, some
fine morning the chief might rise up am
find a lot of his canoes and people gone
The EXTREMIST mystery has always pre-
vailed concerning them. and only selected
persons are trained in their use.
Captain Winkler says that generally
whole people undertook a journey under
guidance of the chief and his pilot in a
tiotilla consisting of from % to 80 canoes.
One canoe was pilot boat, and the expert
navigators all gathered on this one, the
others following in line. The man on watch
had to sing while on duty SO that the
Thus the fleet would make its way along
the highways or trails from one arch1-
pelago to another, far out of sight of all
land, for many days at a time, but always
knowing their location.
About the year 1892, one Paao, cele-
brated navigator. astrologer and priest In
the Island of Samoa, conducted company
from that island to Hawaii, in large,
open. double canoe. without decks. He had
no compass. his sails were of the most
primitive kind and large part of the time
the crew were compelled to use their pad
dies. In 1892 Columbus made the voyage
from the Canaries to America, in well-built
vessels with decks, using the mariner
compass. He missed South America, sail
ed almost twice as far as was necessary
and landed on San Salvador, now Watlings
Island. The distance from the Canary Is
lands to South America is about the same
as that from Hawaii to Samoa, that is
not far from $500 miles. On this showing
Paao seems to have been quite as adven-
turous and successful an explorer as Co
lumbus. How in the world he could have
started on such an undertaking with any
assurance of success has troubled the
minds of students of PolyneSian life for
many years. DR.. N. B. Emerson says that
Paao was in possession of his unspoied
senses-and that means a great deal. Paao
met in Hawaii his own Polynesian kindred
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1900-12-01
A Lesson.

Dedicated to NJ. H.
Written for The Eycnjng Star by LaSalle Corbel
Pickett
Some liDger till the setting sun
Casts shadows their way:
Till life its long. long course has run
From morn till set of day.
Some walk a me ment with us here,
Then vanish from sight,
And leave the road but dark and drear
That once they filled with light
Those morn bright lives. sweet and fair,
Sink not in night away,
They rise &c radiant shores aud there
Find Gods eternal day.
And on our path that morn-ray CLOVIS
In radiance pure and bright;
And ever SUMMER. fairer grows
Unto the perfect light.
Iife's beautiful and fragrant flowers
Bloom in that early morn,
To fill with perfume earths sad hours
Its Swallowed paths adera.
Then, fare you well, oh, semitic soul,
So loyal. kind and true,
And times surges onward roll
They bear sweet thoughts Of yos.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1900-12-01
Natives of Marshall Islands and Their
Remarkable Boats.
VOYAGES OF EARLY NAVIGATORS
Primitive Charts Whose Secrets
Are RigidIy Preserved.
PAAO'S LONG SEA TRIP
Copyright. 1900, by o. T. Mason.)

Copyright, 1900, 10y o. T. Mason.)
Written for The Evening. Star by Prof. Otis T.
Mason
Far in the South seas where the ships of
civilization touch only incidentally lives a
people who may fairly be called the most
intrepid mariners in history. Living ever
within sight and sound of the sea. they
have come to forget manknd's instructive
fear of it. They swim almost as naturally
as they walk. In their frail-looking but
scientifically constructed boats they make
voyages such as to stagger belief, voyages
that cover thousands of miles of ocean. In
long centuries of sea-following they have
evolved science of navigation incompre
hensible to us, but, judging from its re-
suits perfected to a high degree. Their
history is full of long ocean wanderings. in
winch whole fleets took part. and these ac-
counts cannot be brushed aside myths,
1or their is ample evidence to support Them
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1900-12-01

An advertisement has appeared in Lon
DON paper in which a lady expresses her
desire for a servant who will be expected
to cook and dress children"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1900-12-01


From the Chicago Post.
why do you speak Of him as finished
artist?"
Because he told me he was utterly dis
couraged and was going to quit the profess
sion. If that doesn't show that he's fin
ished don't know what does"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1900-12-01
The viewpoint.

From the Chicago Tribune.
I'm some things" observed the student
of human nature, "how strikingly men re-
semble hozs!"
Nm most things" responded the cynic,
how strikingly hogs resemble menu
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1900-06-13

The Shanghai correspondent of the
Times, telegraphing Tuesday, says:
The japanese minister is pressing
for recognition of a Japanese sphere of
influence. to include the provinces of
Che Kiang, Flo KEN and Kiang ST."
Sixteen British Marines Fight Army.
Sixteen British marines reconnoiter-
ing in advance of the international col
umn marching to Pekin, fought and
chased 1000 Boxers" Monday, killing
twenty or thirty. a correspondent ac-
companying the column, in a dispatch
dated Tien Tsin, June II, via Shanghai,
June Is. 6:15 a. m, says:
While the working parties, accom-
panied by patrol of sixteen British
marines, commanded by Major John
son, were repairing the line Monday af-
ternoon, eight miles beyond Lola, they
encountered small parties of Boxers
who were destroying the line The
Boxers moved away from the ad-
vancing marines and apparently dis
persed into the country, leaving the
rails moved and the sleepers burning.
Met Large Number of Boxers.
1.-The marines. when two miles in ad-
vance of the first train, near Lang
Fang, suddenly perceived Boxers
streaming from a village on the left. It
was estimated that they numbered 2, 200
some of them being mounted, and they
were trying to get between the marines
and the train. Most of them were arm
ed with spears and swords. A few had
firearms, which they handled awkward
ly.
''The marines retreated, keeping up a
running fire for over a mile and killing
between twenty and thirty Boxers"
The Boxers pursued the British for
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1900-06-13

agitated the national committee at it's
meeting in Washington last December
is more than likely to come to the front
at the national meeting tomorrow. The
resolution of Henry c. Payne of Wis
cOnsin, presented at last winters meet
ing, and which was withdrawn before
it was put to a vote will again be
pressed, but not by its author. The
strongest supporter of the Payne
measure comes from New England.
Colonel Charles Z. BraytOn, national
committeeman from Rhode Island, who
is also chairman of the Rhode Island
delegation, will make a strong effort to
have the representation changed
Purport of Payne's Plan.
Henry E. Tiepke, commissioner of in
dustTial statistics of Rhode Island, who
will be Colonel Brayton's proxy in to-
mOrrOw's meeting, said tonight he
would endeavor to carry out the Colo
nePs wishes. Committeeman Brayton,
he said, has been in communication
with the national committeeman of all
states and his replies include more than
twenty who favor Payne's resolution.
This resolution provides for four dele
gates at large for each state and an
additional delegate for every 10000 Re-
publican votes or majority fraction
thereof, based on the returns of the
last presidential election.
VIII Hear Contests Tomorrow.
The meeting of the national commit
tee tomorrow will be devoted largely
to the hearing of contests from the va
riOus states. It is not believed that the
committee will finish this part of its
work in one day.
The subcommittee of the national
committee held another meeting today
behind closed doors. According to
Chairman Manley nothing but routine
business was considered.
The convention hall will be formally
transferred to the national committee
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1900-06-13
DIPL OMAT IS killed
BY Chinese SOLDIERS
Japanese Chancellor Is Slain and Government Or
ders More WarShipS and Troops to Scene.
Sixteen British Marines Successfully Combat Over 1000
Boxers, Clearing Out Two Villages.

London, June 10, $50 a. m.-The
Times. in an extra edition, publishes
the following dispatch from Pekin'
dated June II, p. m:
"The chancellor of the japanese le-
CATION, Sugyiama AlSira, while proceed
ing alone and unprotected on official
duty, was brutaTy murdered by sol
diers of Tung Fuh Slang, the favorfte
body guard of the empress, at Mani
gate railroad station yesterday.
A telegram from Yokohama says that
the japanese government has ordered
four more warships to proceed to Taku
and 1900 men of ali arms are under
orders to be in imemdiate readiness for
embarkation.
The dispatch says the japanese gov
eminent trusts the powers will not
misconstrue this action
The japanese press is urging vigorous
methods.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1900-06-13

General Butler was unable on Monday
10 follow up the Roers from lack of
cavalry as well as water The dispatch
es describe him as fighting a spirited
advance over a rugged field, under pro-
lOnged rife fire. The Beers had two
guns, which they got away. Few dead
or wounded Beers were found. 1t seems
probable that the majO portion of the
Beers had withdrawn before the adj
vance began.
Lord Methuen, General Rumble and
General Brabant are reported to have
5000 men and fifty guns engaged in en-
closing the Beers in the eastern part
Of Orange River colony.
The war Office casualty returns up to
June 8 aggregate %, 664 besides 1872 Off
GERS and L, $50 men sent home as in
valids, but not including the sick in
South African hospitals.
The colonial Office has received a tel
egram from Sir Alfred Miner. dated
June 8, saying that the chamber of