davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1900-03-29
c. & 0. Directors Board Reorganized
fBv the Associated Press. }

New York. March 2S.-At meeting held
in this city today the board of directors
of the Chesapeake and Ohio railroad was
re-organized. presumably in the interest
OF the Pennsylvania railroad and the
Vanderbilts by the election of the follow
ing as directors:
s. NJ. Provost, Samuel Rea, N. II. Park
er Shortridge, Chauncey NJ Depew, H.
Mckay Twombley and II. ]. Hayden. The
three first named are said to represent
the Pennsylvania, and the three latter
the Vanderbilts The other directors are
w. G. Stevens, President: Decatur AxteIl
and III. t. Wickham.
Rumors have been in circulation for
several days regarding a proposed ex-
tension OF the Chesapeake and Ohio, and
including the acquisition of the Toledo
and Ohio Central and Kanawha and
Michigan railroads. President Galloway,
OF the New York Central and another
influential officer in the Vanderbilt sys-
tenn declare the reports false.
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1900-03-29
ROBERTS is BEGINNING HIS ADvANcr
Ten Thousand Troops March to Glen. Genera
Movement to Follow
CBy The Associated Press

London. March 29.-t5:15 A. MD-Lcrd
Roberts has sent ten thousand troops 10
Glen ten miles nCrth Of Bloemfontein. on
the railway. This is preliminary to the
general advance.
Immense quantities of stores have now
been accumulated at Bloemfontein and
LCrd Roberts infantry is seemingly about
10 move. An impression, which can be
traced to the War Office, is abroad that
the advance will be on next Monday Boer
observation parties are lowering near
BloemfCntein, but Lord Roberts has one
hundred and thirty-fve miles to cover
before reaching the great position which
the Beers are preparing at Kroonstadt
Moving ten miles day is probably the
best he can do with field transport There
fore he can hardly engage the Beers. il
force for two weeks The Reconstruction
OF the railroad behind him May even de-
lay an invasion Of the Transvaal until
May.
Meanwhile all the important towns in
the Free State, within Lord Roberts
reach, are being garrisoned. Thabachu,
Phlippolis, Faursmith and Jagersfonteln
are thus held.
Sir Alfred Miner is touring in the dis
y
eating conditions and arranging the ad-
ministration. He is understood to be get
ting materials for a report to Mr.. Cham
berlain concerning a plant OF civil gov,
ernment
All the morning papers print singu-
larly kind editorials concerning General
JGubert. They praise his military skill;
upheld his chivalrous conduct and regret
4
should be absent from the final settle
ment of the dispute.
Although scme CT the younger con-
manders thought the cid soldier wanting
in dash and enterprise, his raid into the
country south of the Tugela is considered
the best piece of Beer leadership during
the whole war. 1t is now known that he
crossed the Tugela with only three thou
sand rihemen and six guns. but so bold
and rapid were his movements that the
British commanders thought ten thousand
Beers were marching on Pietermaritz-
burg. Fer few days, although in the
presence CT greatly superior forces, ne
Isolated General Hildyards brigade at
Estcourt and at the same time threate-
ened General Bartons camp at Mooi
River Then, as British reinforcements
Ntit puSHtN up, JOuDtll ItCiOoofd tHt
Tugela without losing prisoner, wagon
or gun.
General Whites estimate of him. pro-
nounced on Tuesday before he died. as a
gentleman and a brave and honorable op-
pcnent strikes the tone of all British
comment.
The Foreign Office, according to the
Daily Chronicle, is arranging with Portu-
gal for some thousands CT British troops
TO be landed at Beira and sent by the
Rhodesia railway from Massi- -Kesse to
Umtali. permanent arrangement is un-
derstood to exist for the use of this route
10 transfer the RhCdesia police. The pos
sibIity Of foreign protest is suggested by
the Daily Chronicle. Among the items
cabled from Pretoria is statement that
prominent residents there object to a de-
tense of Pretoria and desire that Presi-
dent Kruger should retire TO Lydenburg.
II is alleged that the principal buildings
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1900-03-29
The Chattahoochee Valley Road.
(By the Associated Press }

Montgomery, Ala, March 2S.--A petition
for the incorporation of the ChattahooGhee
Valley Railroad has been filed with the
Secretary of State.
The petition is signed by a number
o. Alabama and Massachusetts capital
lists. The subscribers desire to construct
a railroad under the name OF tn., Chat
tahcochee Valley Railroad Company, the
terminals in Alabama TO be al some point 5
in or near Lanett in Chambers county
and i'll or near Phoenix in Lee county.
The amount of the capital stock will
be 100000 divided into shares oi 500
each.
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1900-03-29
Tension Between Russia and japan.
lBy the Assoeiated Press. }

London March pa dispatch to the
Daily Mail from Kobe, dated March 2Sth,
says:
Renewed trouble between Russia and
Japan in Korea is imminent. The move
ments of the Russian feet indicate the
probability of the seizure of Korean
port
1.-THE War Office officials at Toxic are
holding conferences and there. has been
considerable military and naval activity
in Japan this month"
WILL REVIEW WARsHIPS.
Yokohama, March 2S.-The Mikado will
review forty Japanese warships off Kobe
toward the end of April.
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1900-03-29
Leads All Carolina D@ieginN News @ndC Circulation

daughter of Representative kluttz
Miss kluttz was operated on for APP
pendicitis in Baltimore several weeks
ago. Miss Klnt;z died last night. She
will be buried in North Carolina.
Representative kitchin- was at the
Census Office today and saw Director
Merriam in the interest of J. i. Glen
denim. Of Graham. Clendenin was
designated for appointment some time
ago, but has not yet been put 10 work.
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1900-03-29
He DIED AT PRETORIA.

liz DIED Al IhEI IOulA.
Pretoria, March 2s.-General Jou-
bert died last night at 1880 O'Clock.
lie. had been suffering from>a stomach
complaint.
The town is plunged into mourning
for the true patriot, gallant general
and upright and honorable gentleman.
A TRIBUTE FROM THE ENEMY.
London. March 2s.-The afternoon
newspapers today publish long bog
raphies of General Joubert. Gener-
ally. they are in a kindly tone.
The Pail Mall Gazette says:
''Piet Joubert was the one contem-
porary Transvaal Boer, except Ex-
Chief Justice Kotze, whose death could
call forth sincere tribute of respect
from Englishmen Of all parties. lle
was the antipodes in the Transvaal
world of Leyds and personally was
honest, straight and clean-handcd."
London. March 2o. GEO p. m. IA
private telegram received from Mafe.
king. reports that all was well there
March goth.
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1900-03-29
WATSON SAILS FOR HONG KONG.
He Will There Transfer His Command to
Remy.
(By fhc Associated press.l

Manila. March 2o.-Rear Admiral sat-
son. on board the Brooklyn, has departed
for Hong Kong, whore he is expected 10
transfer his command TO Rear Admiral
Remey.
Two gunboats last week discovered 4
steamer signalling with the shore at Cape
Bcweador. Island OF Luzon. They put-
sued the steamer which extnguish I'd her
lights and escaped seaward in the darn-
ness.
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1900-03-29
Crew in the Rigging All Night
(By the Associatcd rress.l

Vby IHt AssOflatcu TTtssJ
Fort George, Fla, March 28.--The three
masted schooner that was wrecked on the
Jetties at the mouth Of the ST. Johns
river last night is the Gertrude Abbot,
of Philadelphia, Delan, Master. The
vessel is loaded with coal and may 'be
saved if the cargo can be taken out.
Both schooner and cargo are insured.
The crew remained in the rigging all
night They were rescued by the tug
Three Friends this morning.
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1900-03-29

George W. Clark, of Macon, Ga, was
arrested at Jacksonville, Fla, yesterday
He is charged with blowing open the safe
Of the Perry Loan and Savings Company.
of Perry. Ga, some weeks ago and steal
ing from it over 81 600
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1900-03-29
Bryan Oh a Speaking Tour.
CBy the Associated Press. J

Portland. Oregon. March 2S.-Wllam
Jennings Bryan spoke at Albany and
Salem today and then came to Portland,
where he spent few minutes, leaving
tonight for Pendleton. where he will
speak tomorroy
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1900-03-29
THE VAN DE vENTER CARPET MILL.
Prepared to Spin Their Own Yarns. Whole Plant
May Come South.
Special to News and Observer }

ISPttIAI 70 NtWs aIIu VUsefFtT'J
Greensboro y. C., March 2S-The Van
de Venter Carpet Mills have doubled tie
number of weaving looms, and are now
preparing TO put in spindles, so as TO spin
their own yarns. The owners are think
ing OF moving their entire plant from
New Jersey 10 Greensboro.
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1900-03-29
THIRTY MEN ARE DROWNED.
The Steamer Glenelge Founders on the Austria
lian Coast.
lRy the Associated Press.

NHI IFt NssOtIdttU IItSS.J
Melbourne. March o. (Thursday)-Th
coasting steamer Glenelge foundered Sun
day morning during gale OFF the Gripps-
land coast. OW OF ships company OF
thirty-three, oSfy three were saved,
The news & observer. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1894-current, 1900-03-29
A TRIBUTE FROM THE FOE
Movement of Troops to the Front Be-
gun at Bloemfontein.
PRELIMINARY TO A GENERAL ADVANCE
II is Believed This Vast Movement Will Begin
Monday. Meanwhile Roberts is Garrison
ing All Towns in the Free State
Within His Reach.

(By the Associated Press)
Lourenzo Marques. March 2s.-Gen-
eral Joubert is dead.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1900-11-18

=
IN THE. SUPERIOR COURT OF THE
state OF Washington, for King County
In the matter Of tho estate OF JuNa F.
sale.
Notice Is hereby given that in pursuance
OF an order of sale made and entered in
the above entitled matter on the 18th
day OF November, 1900, J. c. Harris, the
administrator of the above estate, will
sell at private. sale lot 5. in. block /. supple
mental plat OF block 1, and the south half
OF block z Tcrry's Fourth Addition to tha
City Of Seattle, King county. Washing
ton. That the bids or offers for the pur-
chase of said real estate will be received
at room IA. New York block. Seattle,
King county, Washington. and the said
sale will take place on or after the
24th day of November. 1900, and on or be-
fore the frs. day. Of December. 1900. That
All bids must be IN writing and addressed
to J. G. Harris. IA New York block, Sc
attic. Washington. J. G.. HARRIS.
Administrator.
Emmons a Emmons & Faben, Attorneys
for Administrator.
Date Of first publication, November II,
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1900-11-18
NOTICE TO CONFERENCE.-THE.

TIE board Of directors Seattle School
District No. 1. al their office, Seventh
and Marion, will receive bids for heat
ing and ventilation Of the senior gram
mar school and the p. +. Day school
ADDITION. Bids must be accompanied by
a certified check payable to the order
OF the secretary Of the board in amount
stated. Senior grammar school bids
VIII be received until D. m, January
z, 1901. in accordance with drawings
and specifications with Boone q Corner.
architects. 70 New York block 81 200
check required. On b. r. Day school
ADDITION bids will be received until 4
with drawings and specifications, with
James stephen, architect. III New York
block: 500 check required. The board
reserves the right to reject any and all
bids. LYMAN BANKS.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1900-11-18
w. D. FIELD | Building

w. D. FIELD gg snS
S0o-Nili buy nine lots located on the
first hill. on which there is large
quantity OF surplus earth, which Is No.
building sand. Here is chance for a
contractor or Investor TO sell of enough
art 10 pay for the property and have
the lots left in much more valuable
shape for building than at present. Can
make terms
w. d. FIELD q Halter
SPECIAL prices on shingles, cedar siding,
interior finish and kiln-dried lumber Pa
cine Lumber e. Pipe Co.. Railroad ave-
nue. and Pine street
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1900-12-25
SOUTHERN EXHIBITS AT THE MA.
TIONAL SUFFRAGE BAZAAR.

The exhibits from the Southern
States were among the most interest
ing features at the National Woman
Suffrage Bazaar which has just closed
In New York city
The Louisiana booth. which repre-
sented also Mississippi. Texas and Ar
kansas, was especially picturesque. be-
ing decorated with sugar cane. cotton
ana freshly-cut rice, and draped with
long gray moss. The ladies in charge
or the booth were Miss JEANNE Gordon
and Miss Jessie Stevens, both OF New
orleans. Miss Gordon, slender, grace
ful. dark eyed Southern girl, was the
ooJect OF much attention at the bazaar.
because she and her sister, Miss Kate
M. Gordon. led the woman's movement
for improved sewerage and drainage
In New Orleans. the success OF which
was the first results of the granting
10 taN-paying women by the last Louis
lana constitutional convention the
tisht OF Suffrage. The news OF
the New Orleans women's VIC
tory for better sanitation was q cause
OF rejoicing all over the country at the
time, and many Northern men and wo-
men at the bazaar came to shake hands
with Miss Gordon and to congratulate
her. They were surprised TO learn from
her that out of the $4,000 taxpayers of
New Orleans more than $4,000 are wo-
men. Miss Gordon was secretary OF
the Woman's Sewerage and Drainage
League and Miss Stevens was chair
man of one of the ward committees.
BESIDES bottles OF sugar cane syrup.
bags of pecans. small bales of cotton
and Little st. Josephs" from the ia
nous Cemetery of st. Roche. the
louisiana ladies had for sale kegs of
the old-time open kettle" molasses.
now very rare. and delicious fip. and
orange preserves of a quality unknown
IN the North. Women from all over
the country. who were gathered at the
bazaar tasted these Southern delica-
cies there Tor the first time, and the
opinion was expressed that there would
be large market for them in the
Northern and Western cities, were
their merits more generally known.
Maryland had n magnificent exhibit
Among its curiosities were an old
Dutch swinging cradle, more than O.
hundred years OF age. of solid mahog-
any. handmade. and celery glasses OF
equal age, that rang like q bell when
the Maryland women struck them.
There were home made rag mats and
great fruit cakes and Maryland oyster
shells with landscapes painted inside.
ana a large doll dressed as a stately
colonial dame. in purple satin, trim
med with ermine, representing Mistress
Margaret Brent. of Maryland, the first
woman In America to ask for the bal
lot. She was Lord Baltimore's klns-
woman and executriN, and she petit
toned the Colonial Assembly for vote
In 1917, more than 200 years before the
first womon's rights convention was
held in the Noriih--a fact that was
mentioned with pride by the Maryland
ladies' in charge OF the booth, Mrs.
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1900-12-25
BYRD & BALDWIN BROS.
RENTAL AGENTS, ROOMS ee AMI al
HADDINGTON BUILDING,
GRANNY STREET.
FOR RENT Np

|lis Falkland ST. $50 s.sS
OFFICES.
Haddington Bldg.
cor. Of CRANKY and
City Hall ave.
Tunstall Building,
Granny Street.
West Building, cor
Main and Church.
End Floor. Flat
Iron Square.
STORES.
Pas Butte St. .s15.0o
pa Butte st. -. 1900
% Nivison ST.. 25.09
oyster warehouses
foot of York and
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1900-12-25

.CoRN-White corn, toc.; mixed corn.
,oATsmMlxea cats. soc.; white oats. SIC:
HAY \; No, RI Timothy hay. per carload
MlLLED RlcE-As TO grades. sia9sES
ROUGH RlCE-None on tbs market
PEANUTS AND PEAS.
PEANUTS-Market steady; fancy. csc.
strictly prime. 2izc.: prime exc; spanish.
PEAs- BIackycye. ss.25 per bag; black.
eAc; clay. sac: specified SSc.: whpper-
will. s5c.
COUNTRY PRODUCE.
fat 2542sc.; spring. l!9!)c.: dicks. mud.
?oc.: turkeys. dressed. lpc. per pound:
EGGs@s,eady. at e2c.
BUTTER country. 121l5c.
COUNTRY HAMS.S 'sndy; Smitha:ia.
NORTHERN CABBAGE-sls0@ 175 per
barrel.
POTATO ES-Northsrn. $3.50 per bag.
APPLES-Northeru apples. $3.50 a $3.50
LEMoSS-s2so per box
BANANAS-Per bunch. 6oc. ffSI5o
COCOANUTS-lco to bag. 81 5O9tO0.
oRANGES-JaTaica. $500 per box.
GRAPES-Malaga. $40 TO $500 per key.
GROCERIES.
FLOUR-Market steady: spring wheat.
patent. 81 80: winter wheat, patent, 81 80;
winter wheat. half patent. 81 10: winter
wheat. choice straight. S 30: winter
wheat family saso; wint :, cH Wheat At far 10
Wheat, super, s30Oa325
MEAI.-Per bag leo lbs. si.lO; 90 10.
DIt oirFS FEE Java, 2sqsc.: La
do, ll1sc; fair, do. 9E@ioe
cases. $500; Arosa CO-lh. cases. slz 10:
Ariosa. Se-lb., cases. ,sl2.2c; Lion, Ico-ib.
Tssss New i Yor TIo O. oaI prces
to delivery conditions
CHEESE-Smli fun cream, 1Sc.
SUGAR-Market steady; Cubes or press
ed blocks loose in barrels. $50: Powdered
rels. additionai per ioo-ibs.. isc.: cranu-
Granulated Fine. loose IN 10o-lb sacks.
SIS: Granulacd, 2-lb: and 5-lb. sacks,
and 5,lb papers paf hTGn in cases So SSS
No. 8 ne gsdS bT Srsht 4s %c HsG W No
good bright. 1885, Yellow No. IL. fairly
oi sYSRiuP fsG AND MoLAssEs : marks,
f7rmer OF the advance: syrup. good to
choice. 2a92ae. lower grade syrup. 159?oc. /;
PROVISIONS.
BULK MEATS-Market higher: rib
Sides 73s; bellies. Western heavy. 7A; bel
lies. Western lightweight. SIC.
HAMS-Sugar cured. 12c.
DRY SALTED JOWLS-JBc.
PORK PLATES-67sc.
HAM PORK-New, $500.
MESS PORK-Sl2.75.
LARD-Pure butchers. in tierces, SIC.
H. tubs and bo-lb tins. 70. more.
SALT FISH.
EERRING-New North Carolina cut
none; Eastern. barrels; $500: Potomac
gross s2.75; mulcts. S0-lb. kegs. s25
good No. 2 5000; white nsh, new catch
iOO-ib kegs. 1925; So-lb. kegs, s2.75; 7O-lb
kegs. 81
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1900-12-25
pEANUTs AND PEI

PEANUTS-Markct steady; fancy. csc
Gee
PEAS iackycye. sS.a5 per bag: hlac,
eHc: clay. soc: specified. SSc.: whippeI
will. soc.
Virginian-pilot. (Norfolk, Va.) 1898-1911, 1900-12-25
NORFOLK MARKETS.
GRAIN. HAY AND RlCD.

.CoRN-white corn, &c.; mixed corn,
4Sc.
OATS-Mlxcd oats. aOc white oats. SIC;
ship stnhs. $3.50: briar oats. $3.50.
HAY-No. Timothy hay. per carload
lots. III 01al7.50: for ton lots. SIS 10; No. =
SIS 80: mixed hay. sl5.UO.
MlLLED R1CE-As TO grades. sh16N :.
ROUGH RICE-None on The market
People's voice., 1900-01-25
Late Deals in Dirt.

Rose Nossaman has bought lot in
Northwest addition 60 Wellington OF
e. H. Keller, for $25.
Chas. A. Smith has bought 25O acres
OF land in Walton township of Jacob
Smith. Consideration, $1,000.
Lulu E. Cunningham has bought
three lots on South c street. 10 the
Fltth ward, of the Cheshire Proyident
Institution, Cor $50.
W. T. Mclaughlin has bought a
quarter section Of land in Walton
township uf Luella f. Stewart for
81, 600.
}. NJ. Doubleday has swapped a
quarter section Of land in Bluff town.
ship to Sarah E. Courtright for a
quarter section in Caldwell township.
DR.. Splitter has bought two vacant
lots on North Washington avenue. in
the>block north of the court house, of
W. R. Savage, for S2O27O.
Mary S. Warner has bought a quar-.
ter section of land in Walton town.
ship Of F. A. Myrtle, for 2,I5O.
People's voice., 1900-01-25
CHILD SCALDED.
"ilnemina Jassers Upsets a Cup Of Coffee
With Serious Results.

Charlie Jaggers' six year old dauph.
Ter "ilhemina was seriously burned
at the supper table Sunday by
tipping a cup of boiling hot coffee
upon herself. The left side of her
face, left eye, ear, shoulder and arm
were badly burned. DR.. Emerson was
called and gave the child opiates, and
she is resting as we'll as can be ex-
pected, but is by no means out of
danger.
Tue accident was caused by the
chlld falling from her chair. In fall
ing she attempted TO catch herself
with her left arm, and struck the
saucer with her hand, upsetting the
cup of hot coffee aud spilling it in her
ear and face. The skin came off
wherever the coffee touched her.
causing intense pain. The child suf-
Tered greatly until the arrival of the
physician.
People's voice., 1900-01-25
Marriage Licenses.
! Frank 5. TrOutman, 26. Decatur, II
I Lizzie Barner, %. Belle Plain

When boy turns his bulging
pocket inside out we marvel at the
quantity and variety OF articles he
has slowed away. Odd lengths of
string, marbles, hOrse.chestnut, a
top, brass nails, hickOry-nuts, an apple,
and many more articles are garnered
by this snapper up Of uncOnsidered
trifles.' We think the collection
must be hard on boys pocket, and
is. But we do we ever think OF the
variety and miscellany OF the SUBJ
stances we put into the pocket of our
stomach? There's the apple and the
nuts, and things besides quite as in
digestibe as brass nails and with no
more food value than so many marbles.
And yet we wonder that the stomach
gives outs. When the stomach
breaks down under the strain Of care
less eating and irregular meals it can
be perfectly and permanently restored
to health and strength by the use of
Rector Pierce's Golden Medical Dis
cOvery. The action Of this medicine
on the stomach and other organs OF
digestion and nutrition is so marked,
that relief from disease is at once
experienced, and the headaches, liver
troubles" kidney disorders, skin
eruptions and other symptoms of a
diseased stomach are quickly cured.
Whenever the use Of a laxative
medicine is indicated, use DR.. Pierce's
Pleasant Pellets. They act 10 har-
mony with the Discovery, and as
sist its action by purging the bowels
OF foul accumulations.
People's voice., 1900-01-25
The K. & L. off. Lodge AGOes Under.

The supreme lodge Of the fraternal
Insurance order known as the Knights
and Ladies of the Fireside has made a
voluntary assignment in the circuit
court at Kansas City. The total
assets Of the order, as listed in the
assignment, amount to only S2,76O.
Emmett l.. Snider is made trustee to
handle and disburse the assets. Moth.
ing is stated in the documents filed in
court as to the number OF creditors or
the amount Of the orders liabilities.
The assignment was made by the
supreme officers of the organization.
f. II. Horn, vice president, acting as
president, and c. A. Taylor, secretary.
These officers made no statement Of
the number OF policy holders in the
order This is the order in which the
late RObt. Sea held $1,000 life insur.
ance. His fancee and beneficiary, Miss
Alice Barnett, secured judgment
against the order at the September
term OF the district court of this
county for $1,000 with interest from
The date OF Seas death. The suit
was afterward compromised, and
a week or ten days ago she received
$1,000 for her claim against the order.
A meeting Of the Wellington lodge
Of X. & L, of f. was held Saturday
night and the lodge, with 70 MEM
bers, was consolidated with the
Pyramids order. This will be done
wherever X. & L. of +. lodges exist.