The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1900-10-14

study, But the greatest OF tTefh IlIll'lN
were Iouxis OF Hcrdclea aud Parrhaiu~ OF
Ephpsus. who belonged to the end OF Il" hIlh
century. or the works Of IeuNis We hive no
details. with the exception OF his "ntduf
FgmiIy, which l. described by Luciu. In
the Acharnidns Of Aristophanes there is an
|allusion TO the Eros which IeuNis paintd In
the temple Of Aphrodito at Athens. a beautiful
boy crowned with roses. Aristotle says
of him that his art was such that he could nak"
even the impossible credible. but his paintings
were deficient in the ex IMPRESSION of character,
being in this respect the reverse Of those of
Polygnotus. Parrhasius was the coitem-
porary and rival Of Icuxis. About twenty
Of his paintings are mentioned, among hcm
the Heating Of 7ciephus. the Mddn'ss Of nius-
sous, the PhiiociciCs on LCmHos and tn" Prdme-
thcus. which show an inclination toward abb
jects in which strong emotion was expressed
without loss OF dignity. The story OF the Con-
test between IouxiS and Parrhasius Is well
known. Xeuxis painted grapes with such
fidelity that the birds came to pluck them.
Confident ~ success, he went TO the studio OF
Parrhasius, and not seeing his picture, bade
him draw the curtain which concealed II, But
the curtain was the picture, and IeuSis ac-
know lodged that Parrhasius had won.
In sculpture the artists Of the nth century
attained an emincnCe which has never heen
surpassed BY what inspiration of genius
and slcight of hand they were able 10 pass
at once from the heavy insipid forms ot the
previous century. 80 rigid In their attitude,
50 blatant in expression. so coarse In the color
Ing. to the graceful and animated perfection
Of the age Of PericleS cannot he explained
A. It was in the drama, So II was In sculpture
Great masters appeared who carried the art
forward with astonishing rapidly The prog
re-s was not confined to Athens. but spread
TO all the cities around the Saronic Gulf. with
the exception of Coriuth. Canachus Of Sicyon
and HaCeladas Of Argos were widely known
quite early in the NTH century - G.; the first
was preemincnt in working In bronze, and his
success In this material greatly Influenced
tho work in stone He also made n statue
of Aphrodite in ivory and gold for her temple
in Sicyon At fgjna. the sculptures of the
Temple Of Athena belonged 10 this period, the
chief master hero was Onatas. whose works
were thought equal to those Of the greatest
sculptors Of the Attic school In Athens soon
after the Persian War. Critius and NesioteS
executed statues Of Harmodils and AriSto-
giton 10 replace those which XerKes had car
ried of to Susa. These artists were followed
by Calamis and Myron, whose bronze figures
of animals were among the finest enorts Of
Greek plastic art. Greater still was fhldlas,
in whose hands the human form was rendered
with n dignity and perfection which are stil
the wonder and despair Of the sculptor. His
material was generally marble; the figures
in the pediments " the Parthenon by which
his style il best known were necessarily OF
this material. but he also wrought in bronze.
and, in the case Of his finest efforts. In gold
and ivory. The statue Of Zeus at Olympia,
which was regarded in antiquity as some
thing almost rlperhuman. and the statue OF
Athena in the Parthenon were executed In
these materials. In estimating the effect OF
such statues We must remember that they
were traced in the dimly lighted celia Of tenn
pies where the brilliance Of the coloring would
be much subdued After the death Of PhIdias,
10 which We have above referred, the primary
in art passed from Athens to Argos. whore
Polyclitus executed work only second. and not
in all respects second. to the Athenian mas
ter's. The Argive Hern was thought worthy
to rank with the Olympian ZCu'. and in his
Amazon Polyclitus carried of the prize from
his rival.
In architecture the advance was not so great
as in sculpture. though herein also the finest mas
ter pieces belonged - the fifth century b. C., and
were 10 be found at Athens. To the two STYLES
already In use. the Doric and the Ionic, OF
which the Doric had been employed in Old
Greece and the Ionic in Asia, a third, the Corin-
THAN. was now added. with itS richly carved
capital. hut for some time the innovation was
not received with much favor. II was even
accounted a departure from the seyerer styles,
which had hitherto prevailed. when the Erech-
theum was rebuilt on the Acropolis toward the
end of the century with Ionic pillars and cary
atides. The great temples were all Doric; the
ParthenOn, the Theseum sO-callcd, the best
preserved piece Of Athcnian architecture. the
tRmple at Base the temples Of .Hgina and
Olympia, Of AGrigcntum and Sclinus, though
VARYING in detail. are all Of this style. The
great architect Of the age was lctinus. the
builder OF the Parthenon completed In Il. C.,
49, and 81 the temple 81 Apollo Epicurius at
Bassm in Arcadia. but he was ably supp orted by
Others. namely. by Callicrates. who helped
him - build the PartheHon, and by Mnesicles
the architect Of the Propylea (B, c. 437-432,
Athens now became incomparably the most
beautiful city Of Greece. n city which every one
wished 10 see, and which those who had seen
wished u see again. In other parts Of
Attica also temples arose az the bidding OF
pericles. namely, at Eleusis. where the temple
Of tho Holy Goddcsses was rebuilt on n much
larger scale. at Sunium, which is
still crowned by the columns OF the
ruined temple Of Athena. and at
Rhamnus. where the temple 10 emesis was
rebuilt. In Sicily. also. Hero OF Syracuse
and There Of Agrigentum WED with each other
In building great temples to celebrate the de
l~iverance Of Sicily from the attack OF the Bar
barans. Agrigentum now became lin the last
quarter Of tho hith century b ca owing 10 its
prosperity and opulence. the "fairest Of the
cities of men," and among the many temples
which adorned the town rose conspicuous the
temple Of Olympian Zeus, surpassed in magni-
tude by no Grecian building OF the time except
that of Diana Of Ephesus" At Selinus also
temples hardly less splendid were erected.
and in both cases the work seems to have been
interrupted by q Carthaginian invasion,
At Segesta, too. are the remains OF n temple.
zone Of tho most perfect and striking ruins
in Sicily" which appears to have been left
unfinished. At Athens Pericles did not occupy
himself with temples only. To the south of the
Acropolis, a little eastward Of the theatre Of
Dionysus, he built an odeum or music hall
for the performances Of musical contests. a
detached circular building with a dome-shaped
roof. supported by numerous pillars in the
interior. a copy. as il was said, Of the tent Of
Xerxcs. With the help Of Hippodamus lie laid
out the Peireus In straight streets crossing
each other at right angles. and the services