The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1900-05-06
FARMING BY MACHINERY.
INTENTION FAST MAKING HUMAN
LABOR OLD P~ASHIONED.


Iaborious toll for the cultyator Of the land
Ia rapidly becoming a thing OF tho past. The
term handed tiier OF the soil, =" within a
few years will be relocated In the mite States.
to the vernacular OF the poet. Automatic labor
saving machinery Ia supplnnting the necessity
for bodily labor In all agricultural processes
from the turning Of the sod to the harvesting
Of the crop. What little manual labor X re-
quired is devoted 10 supervision OF the working
parts OF the various machines employed.
In 1900 not a single cast iron plough was IN use.
The plough was home-Inade-of wood covered
with sheet ron. The man with The hoe was the
l,hn,,,us cultivation Thor, war, ma n.u.,.
..nSan ~, 49,, wv
feupe'e u -p'huers ur,'eh Wy horso power,
with the sickle or the scythe. +, WINS ,hreshed
am ~. h.r, 400, and ,r,Jrd int, ,onr ,nl -,
on 'ne parn noor anu eIosmd ll'o n"ur 'ull OF
impurities, In rud" grist mills, driven by great
over-shot water wheels. In 1900 the plough
,,r ,so. .ulL, ,l.,,,b ma, ubi,h NJ, L.a,
NUN use u sunny ''''s" "'"n ""'u III "'sa
"opl"rllbl" s"dl nom Mh.'h 10 guide a Itur
of horses. Tho mlchine does the resi-. The
r,v.r.ihls -ulky ,loivh il .,u,I,y .dar,sd IN
''''o' sym '''us" " ''t"''' "'"'''' ,"
stony. rouSh, sIde-hll WORK or lever ground.
In the former case il turns the sod with the
slone IN ,be Ia,ter II le,ves tina land witbou,
"opo' !" 40 "''i ~ ""'' ~ iA'u "'"'''
tracks or dead burrows For THIS Work a right
and left hand steel plough Is mounted upon a
.,ecl beam one being n, right angles with tho
e 80 '"o
olh". ana easily re'o!veu ny uhlo'Nihs a
hand lever at the rear Of the driver. the weight
OF the uppcr plough causing the lower 10 rise.
Each plough has an easy adjustment to make
1t cut a wide or narrow furrow, and is raised
ont OF tho ground Inv n mower lIft and set in
onoin NV CO., ,0rar 40 ,Ha, ,,a orara,or haa
again oy a 1901 lover so mat the operator mas
both hands with which TO manage his team.
An Adjustable sea, en,hles ~. drivar IN st
nl,ar1 in Io,sal ,aa,,on ,ra ,' ,ha %
""a'' :" " y p'7''," 'iu VI, 'e "Ple'
most side in blowing sid"-hil land. In a few
r,oyin, ,his m,ochirn a,d .an,o ou,o-nowar
moving 'n's il"'n'h' n"u some au'o-po"er
substituted IL may be if electricity Is en-
yloyed that the farmer viii he able 10 III smoking
his pipe on his porch with a switchboard before
nm and control many p%louSh~; with electric
lGents a single man may he able to plough
harrow. ~iertll7c. SOW and harvest his crops
=" %!, nna no Sos eHn nf rd., 99, T ,Ia / h'Sn r, Of hn bodily i labor
In earlier DAYS the harrow was a crude
homemade square or triangular machine, on
serted. In some cases a log drawn to and fro
wa, emrioyed to Levi the burrows, In these
local condition There il a pulvpri2ing har-
row. clod crusher and leveller combined in one
maChiHe' TIE cr4,hcs, cuts lifts, turns
Ii also rreI ares a perfect seed bed and covers
the seed in tho bes manner. The perator
from his seat on the machine effects all OF these
processes by turning a lever. Then there is a
bali-benring disk narrower with dirt-rroof
oil chambers. This machine does everything
glass Of beer,
There is no more ~Isborious kind Of farm
work thar. the spreading Of manure. SO much
10 procure labor for the purpose. This can
now be dispensed with. 4 machine called
/, the manure spreader does all This work. It is
II freaks up and makes fna ali Kinds Of ma
, nure and spreads il evenly upon the land in
[ coarse manure, cornstglks or wood ashes or
g1lano--in fact. any manure or FERTILIZER. fine
= or coarse. Provided with a drill attachment
( the seed IL sown. II does everything in the
, manurine way except to use foul language,
!! . W mscb Il com 9cr s to 1Se r planting ;o Of crops 10y :o ,R.'s
! Of cereals, seeds and tubers 10 the setting out
: Of plants. For grain or grass there is . driving
7 broadcast seeder. which is attached 10 an or
! binary wagon. it also distributes all kinds
2 If dry commercial fertilizers. 1t allows Of
! the sowing OF seed Of any size. Then there is a
. gralu drill driven by horse power. IN which
: the quantity 10 De sown Is easily regulated by a
:; lever. 1t is also provided with a land measure
! ! Or clock Which Is adjusted before Desinppin oS
= can be- insta ntly changed by a lever, even while
. the machine is in motion, 10 run either straight
D be adjusted TO distribute the seed in front Of
or behind them. There j. also a fertilizer
Z distributing attachment. There is still an
; other gram seedcr which weeds as we'll as
{ sows. The riding corn and bean. planter is a
remarkable machine. II opens the soil. drops
seed. covers and marks the next row at one
3 orcratlnn. II drops corn in hills from nine TO
7 forty-eight inches apart or for ensilage or
7 fodder In a continuous drill, II drops alter
? natTly, II desired, q hill or corn and a hl Of
S bears from nine 10 forty-eicht inches apart.
8 II also distributes fertilizer IN 4. continuous
drill at the same time the seed is dropped and
8 both are covered by the single operation AZ any
desired depth.
1 For the planting Of tuhers like the potato
, there Is primarily 4 machine that divGes this
> root into halves. quarters or any number Of
Parts, separates the eyes and removes the seed
2 ends. 1t does the work az ten men, When it
comes to the Wanting there is employed an au-
tomato macNiro drawn by two horses; the
driver occupying a seat ut its front. II plants
1, whole or cut potatoes at any distance arart
desired. It droCs the seed covers it with
, row oil at one operation, II also sows fertilizer.
placing it Just below tho seed, after sufficient
earth has been mixed with the former, II IL
provided with steel runners or discs 10 cover
the seed and these yield TO all irregularities
Of the soil Fer the transplauting u plants.
such as tomatoes Caulifower, cabhaEes. celery.
, in fact all plants TINT 90 not REQUIRE to be- set
rcartr ttan one feet apart, the automatic
plant setting machine will cover from four
to SIX acres n day. An automatic check valve
fitted 10 a tank attached To the machine lets
, water low through n hose extending in behind
the shoe or turnover, Just before setting the
the plant. tn" flow can be regulated from
one to six barrels m acre.
Formerly when crops were planted and
had begun 10 grow farmers and vegetable
gardeners had 10 Tly the hoe vigorously in or
der 20 loosen or cultivate the soil, and 10 keep
down weeds, This was hard work ahd NOR
-.-.- LA-. -~-..tl ,-as ,,,1I a~I NaH1r - -.