The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1900-11-04
SOURCES OF SOME GREAT RIVERS.

There 10 usually NOR or less controversy 10
% he sources OF important river. until The
re lon of their he.dwnters la. been thoroughly
Iplored. This haS been the Gaze with the
Anuz n but. TODAY. e~eogrsr hers are In accord
n. 10 the placc that ray properly be called
the Ultimate source Of that river. A little 10
NE nor beast Of Lima. the capital OF Peru.
aloti l5 mics from the Pacific ocean and Just
-outh OF tn ,snth parable OF south latitud Ia
IN, small lake Lauricocha, about four miles
long and threr mi, = wide. Nhici floods a circu-
lar pla Il tnat is surrounded by steep cliffs. This
isihe birthplace Of The Marathon RIVER. whose
Fors. escaping from this basin, now north
ward through narrow. winding gOrges The
Ngrthon has come TO . regarded a. the main
urper branch OF the Amazop. not only because
Of t. superior volume. hut also because 1t pro-
longs farthe-t towari the Pa fc the longtth-
dinal axis Of The Amazon va Icy. Geographical
considerations. therefore. pr perry nx u on
Lake Iauricocha as the ultimate source oil the
Amaze river.
Scie n,ific conside ra'lonS also, based upon the
most rece't eNp.oratio 3 in the upper Congo
ha in. have ed this year 10 the satisfactory de-
termination OF the waite : that may be re-
glrd-d as he source OF the Congo River. In
the rast few ye RS Their has been considerable
hHF'u " VIZ dH'FhA''' 49, N',' 1855
n initted that I E ori,in of q liver Is that source
which /, fart st FROM its mouth. then the
sourc" Of the Congo void he the h~eadwaters
OF the Mallagarazz whose Or image basin ex-
tnI- far toward the Indian ocean and mingles
its water, with Lake 1.ngauyika. There . m
otuer t. cory that tie -ource II a river IL that
which coutribui az the Target vo.umc Of water
to II. AID + thi, view were accepted the CHAM
b. u would be named a. The ultimate source Of
the Cong.
But in these days OF scientific geography.
geological con .ider at,un~ decide the question
OF riv,r urc.-. The Como occu pies the
Central and lowest nat If an enormous area.
TN all side, the hasiu falls to The Congo trough
bv a series OF ezra e. and the river that drain
them are. Of cours-. arlurn,s ana not parts OF
the ina II stream. II las iately been d-covered
that tie Lualaba River i, the prolongation OF
the Congo trough. extending In the sans
lea era north and south direction a. the upper
Congo ard hence Is the mat r branch OF the
Co. co. and ii more recently T. has been dis
covered that NJ LIB di rants Art among he
ranch : If the upper Lualsba. and hence is
H.. .ourc Of tie Luliab. nd tn Congo.
H. the same WY, tie long-mool.d question
whether the Mississippi Missouri -hould not
bear tho name Missouri below their confluence
has pro ably been Il ally settled Those who
cont nded that me Miss ,sipfi should be known
merely a. u triputtry Of the Missouri lost sight
Of everything &c pit distance from source 20
mouth when Is a fact Of subordina,Y iinpor-
,auc" l e Miss -spli. from anr II "a to h
q 4. nowsi - m"dinn deIrcssIono G. ne great
Y, lie VI eonr desc nd- G. iquely to this
AVIS. iron. sour, ;ono4th the NJ rs sslpp,,b
great cen rdi d press on unite and II prore iy
brustn. ann M,'i,,l 9 firm source 70 SEA
sAt tain hYl6 n "a iftla O. Npr rising paar thA